151
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Reyes VE, Peniche AG. Helicobacter pylori Deregulates T and B Cell Signaling to Trigger Immune Evasion. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:229-265. [PMID: 31123892 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent human pathogen that successfully establishes chronic infection, which leads to clinically significant gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori is able to produce a persistent infection due in large part to its ability to hijack the host immune response. The host adaptive immune response is activated to strategically and specifically attack pathogens and normally clears them from the infected host. Since B and T lymphocytes are central mediators of adaptive immunity, in this chapter we review their development and the fundamental mechanisms regulating their activation in order to understand how some of the normal processes are subverted by H. pylori. In this review, we place particular emphasis on the CD4+ T cell responses, their subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms because of the expanding literature in this area related to H. pylori. T lymphocyte differentiation and function are finely orchestrated through a series of cell-cell interactions, which include immune checkpoint receptors. Among the immune checkpoint receptor family, there are some with inhibitory properties that are exploited by tumor cells to facilitate their immune evasion. Gastric epithelial cells (GECs), which act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gastric mucosa, are induced by H. pylori to express immune checkpoint receptors known to sway T lymphocyte function and thus circumvent effective T effector lymphocyte responses. This chapter reviews these and other mechanisms used by H. pylori to interfere with host immunity in order to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Alex G Peniche
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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152
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An introduction to innate immunity in the central nervous system. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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153
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Xu YJ, Chen FP, Chen Y, Fu B, Liu EY, Zou L, Liu LX. A Possible Reason to Induce Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Lack of Sirtuin-1 in CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3078. [PMID: 30622543 PMCID: PMC6308326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a critical suppressor of T cell immunity. However, whether SIRT1 is involved in the progression of acute graft-vs.-host disease (aGVHD) has still remained unclear. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial element involved in the activation and functions of T cells. Over-activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling may be related to the occurrence of aGVHD. STAT3 activation requires phosphorylation and acetylation. A recent study showed that STAT3 hyperphosphorylation in CD4+ T cells may be a trigger of aGVHD. The role of the STAT3 acetylation in aGVHD pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study revealed that SIRT1 deficiency as a critical factor is involved in the excessive activation of mTOR pathway and upregulation of STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation in CD4+ T cells from patients with aGVHD. Exorbitant activation of IL-1β signaling is the main reason for TAK1-dependent SIRT1 insufficiency. The findings of the present study might provide a new therapeutic target for treating aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En-Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang Zou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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154
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Merkley SD, Chock CJ, Yang XO, Harris J, Castillo EF. Modulating T Cell Responses via Autophagy: The Intrinsic Influence Controlling the Function of Both Antigen-Presenting Cells and T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2914. [PMID: 30619278 PMCID: PMC6302218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic and inducible process affecting multiple aspects of the immune system. This intrinsic cellular process is involved in MHC-antigen (Ag) presentation, inflammatory signaling, cytokine regulation, and cellular metabolism. In the context of T cell responses, autophagy has an influential hand in dictating responses to self and non-self by controlling extrinsic factors (e.g., MHC-Ag, cytokine production) in antigen-presenting cells (APC) and intrinsic factors (e.g., cell signaling, survival, cytokine production, and metabolism) in T cells. These attributes make autophagy an attractive therapeutic target to modulate T cell responses. In this review, we examine the impact autophagy has on T cell responses by modulating multiple aspects of APC function; the importance of autophagy in the activation, differentiation and homeostasis of T cells; and discuss how the modulation of autophagy could influence T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Cameron J Chock
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Group, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, United States
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155
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Mufazalov IA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokines as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1089-1103. [PMID: 30472948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and in regulation of the immune response. Cytokine dysregulation is often associated with development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmunity. Recent studies have provided insights into the cytokine signaling pathways that are involved not only in pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, but also in neurodegenerative states, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluation of relevant experimental animal models are necessary for development of effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - I A Mufazalov
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A A Kruglov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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156
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Shiromizu CM, Jancic CC. γδ T Lymphocytes: An Effector Cell in Autoimmunity and Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2389. [PMID: 30386339 PMCID: PMC6198062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are non-conventional lymphocytes which show several properties of innate immune cells. They present a limited TCR repertoire and circulate as cells with a pre-activated phenotype thus being able to generate rapid immune responses. γδ T cells do not recognize classical peptide antigens, their TCRs are non-MHC restricted and they can respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to cytokines in absence of TCR ligands. They also recognize self-molecules induced by stress, which indicate infection and cellular transformation. All these features let γδ T cells act as a first line of defense in sterile and non-sterile inflammation. γδ T cells represent 1–10% of circulating lymphocytes in the adult human peripheral blood, they are widely localized in non-lymphoid tissues and constitute the majority of immune cells in some epithelial surfaces, where they participate in the maintenance of the epithelial barriers. γδ T cells produce a wide range of cytokines that orchestrate the course of immune responses and also exert high cytotoxic activity against infected and transformed cells. In contrast to their beneficial role during infection, γδ T cells are also implicated in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, several functions of γδ T cells are susceptible to modulation by interaction with other cells. In this review, we give an overview of the γδ T cell participation in infection and autoimmunity. We also revise the underlying mechanisms that modulate γδ T cell function that might provide tools to control pathological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maiumi Shiromizu
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) - CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Cristina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) - CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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157
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Rueda N, Vidal V, García-Cerro S, Narcís JO, Llorens-Martín M, Corrales A, Lantigua S, Iglesias M, Merino J, Merino R, Martínez-Cué C. Anti-IL17 treatment ameliorates Down syndrome phenotypes in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:235-251. [PMID: 29758264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by structural and functional anomalies that are present prenatally and that lead to intellectual disabilities. Later in life, the cognitive abilities of DS individuals progressively deteriorate due to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated neuropathology (i.e., β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neurodegeneration, synaptic pathology, neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress). Increasing evidence has shown that among these pathological processes, neuroinflammation plays a predominant role in AD etiopathology. In AD mouse models, increased neuroinflammation appears earlier than Aβ plaques and NFTs, and in DS and AD models, neuroinflammation exacerbates the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ species, favoring neurodegeneration. The Ts65Dn (TS) mouse, the most commonly used murine model of DS, recapitulates many alterations present in both DS and AD individuals, including enhanced neuroinflammation. In this study, we observed an altered neuroinflammatory milieu in the hippocampus of the TS mouse model. Pro-inflammatory mediators that were elevated in the hippocampus of this model included pro-inflammatory cytokine IL17A, which has a fundamental role in mediating brain damage in neuroinflammatory processes. Here, we analyzed the ability of an anti-IL17A antibody to reduce the neuropathological alterations that are present in TS mice during early neurodevelopmental stages (i.e., hippocampal neurogenesis and hypocellularity) or that are aggravated in later-life stages (i.e., cognitive abilities, cholinergic neuronal loss and increased cellular senescence, APP expression, Aβ peptide expression and neuroinflammation). Administration of anti-IL17 for 5 months, starting at the age of 7 months, partially improved the cognitive abilities of the TS mice, reduced the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the density of activated microglia and normalized the APP and Aβ1-42 levels in the hippocampi of the TS mice. These results suggest that IL17-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in several AD phenotypes in TS mice and provide a new therapeutic target to reduce these pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Narcís
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSICUAM, Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Corrales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jesús Merino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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158
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Palazon-Riquelme P, Lopez-Castejon G. The inflammasomes, immune guardians at defence barriers. Immunology 2018; 155:320-330. [PMID: 30098204 PMCID: PMC6187212 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of its strategic location, the epithelium is constantly exposed to a wide variety of pathogen and danger signals. Traditionally, the epithelium has been perceived as a defensive but passive barrier; however, it has now become evident that the epithelium senses and actively responds to these signals in order to maintain barrier homeostasis and contributes to the inflammatory response. One way it does this is by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These two cytokines are synthesized as inactive precursors, the maturation of which is mediated by pro-inflammatory caspases after the activation and assembly of macromolecular complexes called inflammasomes. Epithelial cells express a large panel of inflammasome components, and although the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of these complexes in haematopoietic cells are well understood, how epithelial cells react to danger signals to activate the inflammasome remains unclear. We review and discuss how different inflammasomes contribute to barrier homeostasis and inflammation at several barrier sites, their mechanisms and how their aberrant regulation contributes to disease at the different epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Palazon-Riquelme
- International Centre for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Manchester Collaborative Centre of Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre of Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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159
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Zhang S. The role of transforming growth factor β in T helper 17 differentiation. Immunology 2018; 155:24-35. [PMID: 29682722 PMCID: PMC6099164 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells play critical roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt is the key regulator for Th17 cell fate commitment. A substantial number of studies have established the importance of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -dependent pathways in inducing RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation. TGF-β superfamily members TGF-β1 , TGF-β3 or activin A, in concert with interleukin-6 or interleukin-21, differentiate naive T cells into Th17 cells. Alternatively, Th17 differentiation can occur through TGF-β-independent pathways. However, the mechanism of how TGF-β-dependent and TGF-β-independent pathways control Th17 differentiation remains controversial. This review focuses on the perplexing role of TGF-β in Th17 differentiation, depicts the requirement of TGF-β for Th17 development, and underscores the multiple mechanisms underlying TGF-β-promoted Th17 generation, pathogenicity and plasticity. With new insights and comprehension from recent findings, this review specifically tackles the involvement of the canonical TGF-β signalling components, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4, summarizes diverse SMAD-independent mechanisms, and highlights the importance of TGF-β signalling in balancing the reciprocal conversion of Th17 and regulatory T cells. Finally, this review includes discussions and perspectives and raises important mechanistic questions about the role of TGF-β in Th17 generation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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160
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Intestinal host defense outcome is dictated by PGE 2 production during efferocytosis of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8469-E8478. [PMID: 30127026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are terminated by the clearance of dead cells, a process termed efferocytosis. A consequence of efferocytosis is the synthesis of the antiinflammatory mediators TGF-β, PGE2, and IL-10; however, the efferocytosis of infected cells favors Th17 responses by eliciting the synthesis of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23. Recently, we showed that the efferocytosis of apoptotic Escherichia coli-infected macrophages by dendritic cells triggers PGE2 production in addition to pro-Th17 cytokine expression. We therefore examined the role of PGE2 during Th17 differentiation and intestinal pathology. The efferocytosis of apoptotic E. coli-infected cells by dendritic cells promoted high levels of PGE2, which impaired IL-1R expression via the EP4-PKA pathway in T cells and consequently inhibited Th17 differentiation. The outcome of murine intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection was dependent on the EP4 receptor. Infected mice treated with EP4 antagonist showed enhanced intestinal defense against C. rodentium compared with infected mice treated with vehicle control. Those results suggest that EP4 signaling during infectious colitis could be targeted as a way to enhance Th17 immunity and host defense.
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161
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Deason K, Troutman TD, Jain A, Challa DK, Mandraju R, Brewer T, Ward ES, Pasare C. BCAP links IL-1R to the PI3K-mTOR pathway and regulates pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2413-2428. [PMID: 30093533 PMCID: PMC6122979 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deason et al. discover a novel signaling adapter in the IL-1R pathway in CD4+ T cells that controls the induction of the PI3K–mTOR pathway, downstream of IL-1β, to induce pathogenic Th17 cells involved in the development of autoimmunity. The toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin (IL)–1 family of receptors share several signaling components, including the most upstream adapter, MyD88. We previously reported the discovery of B cell adapter for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (BCAP) as a novel toll–IL-1 receptor homology domain–containing adapter that regulates inflammatory responses downstream of TLR signaling. Here we find that BCAP plays a critical role downstream of both IL-1 and IL-18 receptors to regulate T helper (Th) 17 and Th1 cell differentiation, respectively. Absence of T cell intrinsic BCAP did not alter development of naturally arising Th1 and Th17 lineages but led to defects in differentiation to pathogenic Th17 lineage cells. Consequently, mice that lack BCAP in T cells had reduced susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. More importantly, we found that BCAP is critical for IL-1R–induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt–mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and minimal inhibition of mTOR completely abrogated IL-1β–induced differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells, mimicking BCAP deficiency. This study establishes BCAP as a critical link between IL-1R and the metabolic status of activated T cells that ultimately regulates the differentiation of inflammatory Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystin Deason
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ty Dale Troutman
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dilip K Challa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rajakumar Mandraju
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Travis Brewer
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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162
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Whitley SK, Balasubramani A, Zindl CL, Sen R, Shibata Y, Crawford GE, Weathington NM, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. IL-1R signaling promotes STAT3 and NF-κB factor recruitment to distal cis-regulatory elements that regulate Il17a/f transcription. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15790-15800. [PMID: 30093408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β plays a critical role in IL-6β- and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-initiated Th17 differentiation and induction of Th17-mediated autoimmunity. However, the means by which IL-1 regulates various aspects of Th17 development remain poorly understood. We recently reported that IL-1β enhances STAT3 phosphorylation via NF-κB-mediated repression of SOCS3 to facilitate Il17 transcription and Th17 differentiation, identifying an effect of IL-1 signaling on proximal events of STAT3 signaling. Here, we show that IL-1β promotes STAT3 binding to key cis-elements that control IL-17 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that the IL-1-induced NF-κB factor RelA directly regulates the Il17a/f loci in cooperation with STAT3. Our findings reveal that IL-1 impacts both proximal signaling events and downstream interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements to promote Il17a/f transcription and Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlene L Zindl
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ranjan Sen
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yoichiro Shibata
- the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, and
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, and
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- the Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Casey T Weaver
- From the Departments of Microbiology and.,Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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163
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Interleukin-1 Beta-A Friend or Foe in Malignancies? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082155. [PMID: 30042333 PMCID: PMC6121377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad number of immune cell types. IL-1β (and IL-18) are the only cytokines which are processed by caspase-1 after inflammasome-mediated activation. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about parameters of regulation of IL-1β expression and its multi-facetted role in pathophysiological conditions. IL-1 signaling activates innate immune cells including antigen presenting cells, and drives polarization of CD4+ T cells towards T helper type (Th) 1 and Th17 cells. Therefore, IL-1β has been attributed a largely beneficial role in resolving acute inflammations, and by initiating adaptive anti-tumor responses. However, IL-1β generated in the course of chronic inflammation supports tumor development. Furthermore, IL-1β generated within the tumor microenvironment predominantly by tumor-infiltrating macrophages promotes tumor growth and metastasis via different mechanisms. These include the expression of IL-1 targets which promote neoangiogenesis and of soluble mediators in cancer-associated fibroblasts that evoke antiapoptotic signaling in tumor cells. Moreover, IL-1 promotes the propagation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Using genetic mouse models as well as agents for pharmacological inhibition of IL-1 signaling therapeutically applied for treatment of IL-1 associated autoimmune diseases indicate that IL-1β is a driver of tumor induction and development.
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164
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Harris J, Deen N, Zamani S, Hasnat MA. Mitophagy and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondrion 2018; 41:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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165
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Wanke F, Tang Y, Gronke K, Klebow S, Moos S, Hauptmann J, Shanmugavadivu A, Regen T, Mufazalov IA, Gabriel LA, Reißig S, Diefenbach A, Kurschus FC, Waisman A. Expression of IL-17F is associated with non-pathogenic Th17 cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:819-829. [PMID: 29959474 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-17A and IL-17F share the highest sequence homology of the IL-17 family and signal via the same IL-17RA/RC receptor heterodimer. To better explore the expression of these two cytokines, we used a double reporter mouse strain (IL-17DR mice), where IL-17A expressing cells are marked by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) while red fluorescence protein (RFP) reports the expression of IL-17F. In steady state, we found that Th17 and γδ T cells only expressed IL-17A, while IL-17F expression was restricted to CD8 T cells (Tc17) and innate lymphoid cells (ILC type 3) of the gut. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the vast majority of CNS-infiltrating Th17 cells expressed IL-17A but not IL-17F. In contrast, anti-CD3-induced, TGF-β-driven Th17 cells in the gut expressed both of these IL-17 cytokines. In line with this, in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells in the presence of IL-1β led primarily to IL-17A expressing T cells, while TGF-β induced IL-17F co-expressing Th17 cells. Our results suggest that expression of IL-17F is associated with non-pathogenic T cells, pointing to a differential function of IL-17A versus IL-17F. KEY MESSAGES Naïve mice: CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells express IL-17A, and Tc17 cells express IL-17F. Gut ILC3 show differential expression of IL17A and F. Th17 differentiation with TGF-β1 induces IL-17A and F, whereas IL-1β induced cells expressing IL-17A. Th17 cells in EAE in CNS express IL-17A only. Gut Th17 cells induced by anti-CD3 express IL-17A and F together as skin γδ T cells of IMQ-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wanke
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Immunology, Inflammation & Infectious Diseases (I3), Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yilang Tang
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klebow
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Moos
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Judith Hauptmann
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arthi Shanmugavadivu
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lauren A Gabriel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Reißig
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ari Waisman
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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166
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Zarin P, In TS, Chen EL, Singh J, Wong GW, Mohtashami M, Wiest DL, Anderson MK, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Integration of T-cell receptor, Notch and cytokine signals programs mouse γδ T-cell effector differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:994-1007. [PMID: 29754419 PMCID: PMC6197911 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
γδ T‐cells perform a wide range of tissue‐ and disease‐specific functions that are dependent on the effector cytokines produced by these cells. However, the aggregate signals required for the development of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) producing γδ T‐cells remain unknown. Here, we define the cues involved in the functional programming of γδ T‐cells, by examining the roles of T‐cell receptor (TCR), Notch, and cytokine‐receptor signaling. KN6 γδTCR‐transduced Rag2−/− T‐cell progenitors were cultured on stromal cells variably expressing TCR and Notch ligands, supplemented with different cytokines. We found that distinct combinations of these signals are required to program IFNγ versus IL‐17 producing γδ T‐cell subsets, with Notch and weak TCR ligands optimally enabling development of γδ17 cells in the presence of IL‐1β, IL‐21 and IL‐23. Notably, these cytokines were also shown to be required for the intrathymic development of γδ17 cells. Together, this work provides a framework of how signals downstream of TCR, Notch and cytokine receptors integrate to program the effector function of IFNγ and IL‐17 producing γδ T‐cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Tracy Sh In
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Edward Ly Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jastaranpreet Singh
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gladys W Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mahmood Mohtashami
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Cancer Keystone, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111-2497, USA
| | - Michele K Anderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, and Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
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167
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Yan Y, Zhao N, He X, Guo H, Zhang Z, Liu T. Mesenchymal stem cell expression of interleukin-35 protects against ulcerative colitis by suppressing mucosal immune responses. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:911-918. [PMID: 29907361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-35 (IL-35) has recently been identified as an immunosuppressive cytokine that has been used as a potential therapy for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding its potential benefits after integration into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS We used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model and treated them with IL-35-MSCs, MSCs or saline. The body weight was recorded daily and inflammatory processes were determined. Cytokine secretion by lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also measured. RESULTS The data showed that mice in the two treated groups recovered their body weight more rapidly than mice treated with saline in the later stage of colitis. The colon lengths of IL-35-MSC-treated mice were markedly longer than those in the other two groups and the inflammation reduced significantly. Furthermore, the percentage of Foxp3 + Tregs increased significantly and the level of proinflammatory cytokines produced by LPLs decreased significantly in the IL-35-MSC-treated group. DISCUSSION The results demonstrate that IL-35-MSCs could ameliorate ulcerative colitis by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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168
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Abstract
The microbiome can be defined as the sum of the microbial and host's genome. Recent information regarding this complex organ suggests that in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), the composition of the gut microbiome can be altered, giving rise to both the effector and regulatory phases of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Experimental findings during the past decade in animal models of MS have provided clear evidence for the significant role of gut microbes in both the effector and regulatory phase of this condition. There is mounting evidence in preliminary human studies suggesting that a dysbiotic MS gut microbiome could affect disease progression. We propose considering the gut microbiome as a key organ for the regulation of tolerance mechanisms and speculate that the gut microbiome is the major environmental risk factor for CNS demyelinating disease. Accordingly, we hypothesize that intervention of the gut microbiome could result in safer novel therapeutic strategies to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004
| | - Lloyd H Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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169
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Sparber F, Dolowschiak T, Mertens S, Lauener L, Clausen BE, Joller N, Stoitzner P, Tussiwand R, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Langerin+ DCs regulate innate IL-17 production in the oral mucosa during Candida albicans-mediated infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007069. [PMID: 29782555 PMCID: PMC5983869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans frequently causes diseases such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in immunocompromised individuals. Although it is well appreciated that the cytokine IL-17 is crucial for protective immunity against OPC, the cellular source and the regulation of this cytokine during infection are still a matter of debate. Here, we directly visualized IL-17 production in the tongue of experimentally infected mice, thereby demonstrating that this key cytokine is expressed by three complementary subsets of CD90+ leukocytes: RAG-dependent αβ and γδ T cells, as well as RAG-independent ILCs. To determine the regulation of IL-17 production at the onset of OPC, we investigated in detail the myeloid compartment of the tongue and found a heterogeneous and dynamic mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) network in the infected tongue that consists of Zbtb46-Langerin- macrophages, Zbtb46+Langerin+ dendritic cells (DCs) and Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes. Of those, the Langerin+ DC population stands out by its unique capacity to co-produce the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23, all of which promote IL-17 induction in response to C. albicans in the oral mucosa. The critical role of Langerin+ DCs for the innate IL-17 response was confirmed by depletion of this cellular subset in vivo, which compromised IL-17 induction during OPC. In conclusion, our work revealed key regulatory factors and their cellular sources of innate IL-17-dependent antifungal immunity in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Dolowschiak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mertens
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lauener
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Björn E. Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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170
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Liu S, Xia Q, Wu X, Sun F, Hu Q, Wu J, Wang M, Rao Q, Guan W. Stimulator of Interferon Genes in Classical Dendritic Cells Controls Mucosal Th17 Responses to Cyclic Dinucleotides for Host Defenses Against Microbial Infections in Gut. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1085. [PMID: 29868030 PMCID: PMC5964311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides are bacterial signal transducers that bind to host intracellular protein, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) encoded by Tmem173. In this study, we demonstrate that STING triggers adaptive immune responses that control Th17 differentiation. Cyclic dinucleotides recognition enables classical dendritic cells (cDCs) that predominantly express CD103 to induce Th17 lymphocytes in an IL-6/IL-1β-dependent manner in gut. STING expression in human lamina propria is associated with the severity of mucosal inflammation and clinical disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease. Mice deficient in Tmem173 fail to mount Th17 responses to cyclic dinucleotides or prevent immune evasion of enteroinvasive pathogens. In summary, STING in mucosal cDCs controls Th17 subspecification that is essential for host defenses against microbial infection in gut-associated immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyuan Xia
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu Rao
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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171
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Muñoz-Wolf N, Lavelle EC. A Guide to IL-1 family cytokines in adjuvanticity. FEBS J 2018; 285:2377-2401. [PMID: 29656546 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness of the multiplicity of roles for the IL-1 family in immune regulation has prompted research exploring these cytokines in the context of vaccine-induced immunity. While tightly regulated, cytokines of the IL-1 family are normally released in response to cellular stress and in combination with other danger-/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering potent local and systemic immune responses. In the context of infection or autoimmunity, engagement of IL-1 family receptors links robust innate responses to adaptive immunity. Clinical and experimental evidence has revealed that many vaccine adjuvants induce the release of one or multiple IL-1 family cytokines. The coordinated release of IL-1 family members in response to adjuvant-induced damage or cell death may be a determining factor in the transition from local inflammation to the induction of an adaptive response. Here, we analyse the effects of IL-1 family cytokines on innate and adaptive immunity with a particular emphasis on activation of antigen-presenting cells and induction of T cell-mediated immunity, and we address in detail the contribution of these cytokines to the modes of action of vaccine adjuvants including those currently approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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172
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Ohja K, Gozal E, Fahnestock M, Cai L, Cai J, Freedman JH, Switala A, El-Baz A, Barnes GN. Neuroimmunologic and Neurotrophic Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Relationship to Neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:161-173. [PMID: 29691724 PMCID: PMC5942347 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most prevalent set of pediatric neurobiological disorders. The etiology of ASD has both genetic and environmental components including possible dysfunction of the immune system. The relationship of the immune system to aberrant neural circuitry output in the form of altered behaviors and communication characterized by ASD is unknown. Dysregulation of neurotrophins such as BDNF and their signaling pathways have been implicated in ASD. While abnormal cortical formation and autistic behaviors in mouse models of immune activation have been described, no one theory has been described to link activation of the immune system to specific brain signaling pathways aberrant in ASD. In this paper we explore the relationship between neurotrophin signaling, the immune system and ASD. To this effect we hypothesize that an interplay of dysregulated immune system, synaptogenic growth factors and their signaling pathways contribute to the development of ASD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Ohja
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan H Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Andy Switala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Neal Barnes
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Spafford Ackerly Chair in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Louisville Autism Center, 1405 East Burnett Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40217, USA.
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173
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Guo Y, Chen X, Li D, Liu H, Ding Y, Han R, Shi Y, Ma X. PR-957 mediates neuroprotection by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and modulating cytokine production in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:194-206. [PMID: 29603201 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischaemic stroke can induce secondary brain injury by activating an inflammatory response that contributes to clinical impairment. As a specific inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight polypeptide 7 (LMP7), PR-957 may participate in regulating pathophysiological and inflammatory responses in multiple diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated the neuroprotective properties of PR-957 in a mouse model of stroke, induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After MCAO and injections of PR-957 or vehicle, we evaluated mice behaviourally using modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and sensorimotor tests, including the adhesive-removal test, a foot-fault test and an inclined plane test. Infarct volume was measured 24 and 72 h after MCAO. Infiltration by different lymphocyte subpopulations was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue from the penumbral area. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the expression of proinflammatory cytokines: interkeukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT-3) protein levels in brain was measured by immunoblot. MCAO mice treated with PR-957 showed a significant decrease in infarct volume and had mild neurological deficits compared to vehicle-treated mice. PR-957 administration also significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A and TNF-α. PR-957 provides neuroprotection via inhibiting T lymphocyte infiltration and decreasing T helper type 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in MCAO mice, which may result from the reduced expression of pSTAT-3. The neuroprotective effect of PR-957 indicates its potential utility as anti-inflammatory therapy for ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Ding
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, Liaocheng, China
| | - R Han
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Ma
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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174
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Singla B, Ghoshal P, Lin H, Wei Q, Dong Z, Csányi G. PKCδ-Mediated Nox2 Activation Promotes Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of Antigens by Immature Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29632528 PMCID: PMC5879126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Macropinocytosis is a major endocytic pathway by which dendritic cells (DCs) internalize antigens in the periphery. Despite the importance of DCs in the initiation and control of adaptive immune responses, the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis of antigens remain largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in stimulation of DC macropinocytosis and, if so, to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) and downstream signaling mechanisms involved. Methods Various cellular, molecular and immunological techniques, pharmacological approaches and genetic knockout mice were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that DCs internalize fluorescent antigens (ovalbumin) using macropinocytosis. Pharmacological blockade of classical and novel PKC isoforms using calphostin C abolished both phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor-induced antigen macropinocytosis in DCs. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the dominant PKC isoform in DCs. Genetic studies demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in DC macropinocytosis of antigens, their subsequent maturation, and secretion of various T-cell stimulatory cytokines, including IL-1α, TNF-α and IFN-β. Additional mechanistic studies identified NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and intracellular superoxide anion as important players in DC macropinocytosis of antigens downstream of PKCδ activation. Conclusion The findings of the present study demonstrate a novel mechanism by which PKCδ activation via stimulation of Nox2 activity and downstream redox signaling promotes DC macropinocytosis of antigens. PKCδ/Nox2-mediated antigen macropinocytosis stimulates maturation of DCs and secretion of T-cell stimulatory cytokines. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in DC macropinocytosis and downstream regulation of T-cell-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Huiping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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175
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Thorlacius L, Theut Riis P, Jemec G. Severe hidradenitis suppurativa responding to treatment with secukinumab: a case report. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:182-185. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Thorlacius
- Department of Dermatology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit; The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Theut Riis
- Department of Dermatology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - G.B.E. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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176
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Neonatal Colonic Inflammation Epigenetically Aggravates Epithelial Inflammatory Responses to Injury in Adult Life. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:65-78. [PMID: 29928672 PMCID: PMC6008258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early life adversity is considered a risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that early life colonic inflammation causes susceptibility to aggravated overexpression of interleukin (IL)1β. METHODS We developed a 2-hit rat model in which neonatal inflammation (NI) and adult inflammation (AI) were induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. RESULTS Aggravated immune responses were observed in NI + AI rats, including a sustained up-regulation of IL1β and other cytokines. In parallel with exacerbated loss of inhibitor of kappa B alpha expression, NI + AI rats showed hyperacetylation of histone H4K12 and increased V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A binding on the IL1B promoter, accompanied by high levels of norepinephrine/epinephrine. Propranolol, a β-blocker, markedly ameliorated the inflammatory response and IL1β overexpression by mitigating against epigenetic modifications. Adrenalectomy abrogated NI-induced disease susceptibility whereas yohimbine sensitized the epithelium for exacerbated immune response. The macrophages of NI rats produced more IL1β than controls after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting hypersensitization; incubation with LPS plus Foradil (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), a β2-agonist, induced a greater IL1β expression than LPS alone. Epinephrine and Foradil also exacerbated LPS-induced IL1β activation in human THP-1-derived macrophages, by increasing acetylated H4K12, and these increases were abrogated by propranolol. CONCLUSIONS NI sensitizes the colon epithelium for exacerbated IL1β activation by increasing stress hormones that induce histone hyperacetylation, allowing greater access of nuclear factor-κB to the IL1B promoter and rendering the host susceptible to aggravated immune responses. Our findings suggest that β blockers have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility and establish a novel paradigm whereby NI induces epigenetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Key Words
- AI, adult inflammation
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Ctl, control
- Early Life Adversity
- Epinephrine
- H4K12ac, acetylated HRK12
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone Acetylation
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- IκB, inhibitor of kappa B alpha
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NI, neonatal inflammation
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- RNAP II, RNA polymerase II
- RelA, V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- Tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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177
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McGinley AM, Edwards SC, Raverdeau M, Mills KHG. Th17 cells, γδ T cells and their interplay in EAE and multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2018; 87:S0896-8411(18)30007-6. [PMID: 29395738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that shares many features with the human disease. This review will focus on the role of IL-17-secreting CD4 and γδ T cells in EAE and MS, the plasticity of Th17 cells in vivo and the application of these findings to the understating of the pathogenesis and the development of new treatments for MS. There is convincing evidence that IL-17-secreting CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-17-secreting γδ T cells play a critical pathogenic role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in EAE and MS. Indeed a significant number of the major discoveries on the pathogenic role of IL-17-secreting T cells in autoimmunity were made in the EAE model. These included the first demonstration that IL-23-activated IL-17-secreting T cells are the key T cells in driving autoimmune disease pathology. Although the early studies on IL-17 focused on Th17 cells, it was later demonstrated that γδ T cells were an important early source of IL-17 and IL-21 that helped amplify IL-17 production by Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it emerged that Th1 cells can also have encephalitogenic activity and that there was considerable plasticity in these T cell responses, with Th17 cells reverting to a Th1 phenotype in vivo. This questioned the pathogenic role of IL-17 and suggested that other cytokines, such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF, may be important. Nevertheless, biological drugs that target the IL-23-IL-17 pathway are highly effective in treating human psoriasis and are showing promise in the treatment of relapsing remitting MS and other T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M McGinley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Edwards
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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178
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Shourian M, Ralph B, Angers I, Sheppard DC, Qureshi ST. Contribution of IL-1RI Signaling to Protection against Cryptococcus neoformans 52D in a Mouse Model of Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1987. [PMID: 29403476 PMCID: PMC5780350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are induced after Cryptococcus neoformans infection and activate the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI). To establish the role of IL-1RI signaling in protection against cryptococcal infection, we analyzed wild-type (WT) and IL-1RI-deficient (IL-1RI−/−) mice on the BALB/c background. IL-1RI−/− mice had significantly reduced survival compared to WT mice after intratracheal challenge with C. neoformans 52D. Microbiological analysis showed a significant increase in the lung and brain fungal burden of IL-1RI−/− compared to WT mice beginning at weeks 1 and 4 postinfection, respectively. Histopathology showed that IL-1RI−/− mice exhibit greater airway epithelial mucus secretion and prominent eosinophilic crystals that were absent in WT mice. Susceptibility of IL-1RI−/− mice was associated with significant induction of a Th2-biased immune response characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia, M2 macrophage polarization, and recruitment of CD4+ IL-13+ T cells. Expression of pro-inflammatory [IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)], Th1-associated (IFNγ), and Th17-associated (IL-17A) cytokines was significantly reduced in IL-1RI−/− lungs compared to WT. WT mice also had higher expression of KC/CXCL1 and sustained neutrophil recruitment to the lung; however, antibody-mediated depletion of these cells showed that they were dispensable for lung fungal clearance. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-1RI signaling is required to activate a complex series of innate and adaptive immune responses that collectively enhance host defense and survival after C. neoformans 52D infection in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Shourian
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ben Ralph
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Angers
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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179
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Hiltensperger M, Korn T. The Interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 Axis in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029637. [PMID: 29101111 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T helper (Th)17 cells are responsible for host defense against fungi and certain extracellular bacteria but have also been reported to play a role in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells respond to environmental cues, are very plastic, and might also be involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The imprinting of pathogenic properties in Th17 cells in autoimmunity seems highly dependent on interleukin (IL)-23. Since Th17 cells were first described in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, they have been suggested to also promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, some studies linked Th17 cells to disease severity in MS, and the efficacy of anti-IL-17A therapy in MS supported this idea. In this review, we will summarize molecular features of Th17 cells and discuss the evidence for their function in experimental models of autoimmune diseases and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hiltensperger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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180
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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181
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Miyasaka T, Dobashi-Okuyama K, Takahashi T, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. The interplay between neuroendocrine activity and psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Allergol Int 2018; 67:32-42. [PMID: 28539203 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is recognized as a key factor in the exacerbation of allergic asthma, whereby brain responses to stress act as immunomodulators for asthma. In particular, stress-induced enhanced type 2 T-helper (Th2)-type lung inflammation is strongly associated with asthma pathogenesis. Psychological stress leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway and autonomic nervous system. This is followed by the secretion of stress hormones into the blood, including glucocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which enhance Th2 and type 17 T-helper (Th17)-type asthma profiles in humans and rodents. Recent evidence has shown that a defect of the μ-opioid receptor in the brain along with a defect of the peripheral glucocorticoid receptor signaling completely disrupted stress-induced airway inflammation in mice. This suggests that the stress response facilitates events in the central nervous and endocrine systems, thus exacerbating asthma. In this review, we outline the recent findings on the interplay between stress and neuroendocrine activities followed by stress-induced enhanced Th2 and Th17 immune responses and attenuated regulatory T (Treg) cell responses that are closely linked with asthma exacerbation. We will place a special focus on our own data that has emphasized the continuity from central sensing of psychological stress to enhanced eosinophilic airway inflammation. The mechanism that modulates psychological stress-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma through neuroendocrine activities is thought to involve a series of consecutive pathological events from the brain to the lung, which implies there to be a "neuropsychiatry phenotype" in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaori Dobashi-Okuyama
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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182
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Liu W, Guo W, Hang N, Yang Y, Wu X, Shen Y, Cao J, Sun Y, Xu Q. MALT1 inhibitors prevent the development of DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice via inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30536-49. [PMID: 27105502 PMCID: PMC5058699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue lymphoma-translocation gene 1 (MALT1), a paracaspase and essential regulator for nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) activation, plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Suppression of MALT1 protease activity with small molecule inhibitors showed promising efficacies in subtypes of B cell lymphoma and improvement in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. However, whether MALT1 inhibitors could ameliorate colitis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the pharmacological effect of two specific MALT1 inhibitors MI-2 and mepazine on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice, followed by mechanistic analysis on NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Treatment with MI-2 and mepazine dose-dependently attenuated symptoms of colitis in mice, evidenced by reduction in the elevated disease activity index, the shortening of colon length as well as the histopathologic improvement. Moreover, protein and mRNA levels of DSS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in colon, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-17A and IFN-γ, were markedly suppressed by MALT1 inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms for the protective effect of MALT1 inhibitors in DSS-induced colitis may be attributed to its inhibition on NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. The in vitro study showed that MALT1 inhibitors decreased production of IL-1β/IL-18 in phorbol myristate acetate-differentiated THP-1 cells and bone marrow derived macrophage via suppressing the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, our results demonstrated that inhibition of the protease activity of MALT1 might be a viable strategy to treat inflammatory bowel disease and the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB activation are critical components in MALT1 signaling cascades in this disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nan Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Eternity Bioscience Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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183
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Sutton CE, Finlay CM, Raverdeau M, Early JO, DeCourcey J, Zaslona Z, O'Neill LAJ, Mills KHG, Curtis AM. Loss of the molecular clock in myeloid cells exacerbates T cell-mediated CNS autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1923. [PMID: 29234010 PMCID: PMC5727202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BMAL1 is a core component of the molecular clock, regulating biological pathways that drive 24 h (circadian) rhythms in behaviour and physiology. The molecular clock has a profound influence on innate immune function, and circadian disruption is linked with increased incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Here we show that BMAL1 and time-of-day regulate the accumulation and activation of various immune cells in a CNS autoimmune disease model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In myeloid cells, BMAL1 maintains anti-inflammatory responses and reduces T cell polarization. Loss of myeloid BMAL1 or midday immunizations to induce EAE create an inflammatory environment in the CNS through expansion and infiltration of IL-1β-secreting CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, resulting in increased pathogenic IL-17+/IFN-γ+ T cells. These findings demonstrate the importance of the molecular clock in modulating innate and adaptive immune crosstalk under autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Sutton
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O Early
- Inflammatory Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph DeCourcey
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- Inflammatory Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- Inflammatory Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, D02 YN77, Dublin, Ireland.
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184
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Papotto PH, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Schmolka N, Iseppon A, Mensurado S, Stockinger B, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B. IL-23 drives differentiation of peripheral γδ17 T cells from adult bone marrow-derived precursors. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1957-1967. [PMID: 28855306 PMCID: PMC5666615 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-17-producing γδ (γδ17) T cells are thought to develop exclusively in the thymus during fetal/perinatal life, as adult bone marrow precursors fail to generate γδ17 T cells under homeostatic conditions. Here, we employ a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in which hematopoiesis is reset by bone marrow transplantation and demonstrate unequivocally that Vγ4+ γδ17 T cells can develop de novo in draining lymph nodes in response to innate stimuli. In vitro, γδ T cells from IL-17 fate-mapping reporter mice that had never activated the Il17 locus acquire IL-17 expression upon stimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. Furthermore, IL-23R (but not IL-1R1) deficiency severely compromises the induction of γδ17 T cells in EAE, demonstrating the key role of IL-23 in the process. Finally, we show, in a composite model involving transfers of both adult bone marrow and neonatal thymocytes, that induced γδ17 T cells make up a substantial fraction of the total IL-17-producing Vγ4+ T-cell pool upon inflammation, which attests the relevance of this novel pathway of peripheral γδ17 T-cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Movement
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hematopoiesis/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
- Interleukin-23/genetics
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nina Schmolka
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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185
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Pitarokoili K, Ambrosius B, Gold R. Lewis Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 81:9.61.1-9.61.20. [PMID: 29058769 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this unit, we describe in detail the most common methods used to break immunological tolerance for central myelin antigens and induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The resulting disease course ranges from an acute monophasic disease to a chronic relapsing or chronic progressive course, which strongly resembles the human disease. These models enable the study of cellular and humoral autoimmunity against major antigenic epitopes of the myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, or proteolipid protein. We provide an overview of common immunization protocols for induction of active and passive EAE, assessment and analysis of clinical score, preparation and purification of myelin basic protein, and derivation of neuroantigen-specific rat T cell lines. Finally, we describe the major clinical characteristics of these models. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bjoern Ambrosius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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186
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The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100303. [PMID: 29048384 PMCID: PMC5691654 DOI: 10.3390/v9100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.
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187
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Guo C, Fulp JW, Jiang Y, Li X, Chojnacki JE, Wu J, Wang XY, Zhang S. Development and Characterization of a Hydroxyl-Sulfonamide Analogue, 5-Chloro-N-[2-(4-hydroxysulfamoyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide, as a Novel NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2194-2201. [PMID: 28653829 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to develop novel small-molecule inhibitors for the NOD-like receptor family pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as potential disease-modifying agents to treat neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), a hydroxyl sulfonamide analogue JC-171 has been rationally designed and biologically characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies established that JC-171 dose dependently inhibited LPS/ATP-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from J774A.1 macrophages with an IC50 of 8.45 ± 1.56 μM. Selective inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced IL-1β release by this compound was also confirmed using mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-challenged mice in vivo. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation study revealed that JC-171 interfered with NLRP3/ASC interaction induced by LPS/ATP stimulation. More importantly, JC-171 treatment delayed the progression and reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. This coincided with blocking of IL-1β production and a pathogenic Th17 response. Collectively, these results suggest that JC-171 is a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with biological activity in vivo, thus strongly encouraging further development of this lead compound as a potential therapeutic agent for human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingde Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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188
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Palle P, Monaghan KL, Milne SM, Wan ECK. Cytokine Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Therapeutic Applications. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:medsci5040023. [PMID: 29099039 PMCID: PMC5753652 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known but it is widely accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Disease onset is believed to be initiated by the activation of CD4+ T cells that target autoantigens of the central nervous system (CNS) and their infiltration into the CNS, followed by the expansion of local and infiltrated peripheral effector myeloid cells that create an inflammatory milieu within the CNS, which ultimately lead to tissue damage and demyelination. Clinical studies have shown that progression of MS correlates with the abnormal expression of certain cytokines. The use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model further delineates the role of these cytokines in neuroinflammation and the therapeutic potential of manipulating their biological activity in vivo. In this review, we will first present an overview on cytokines that may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS or EAE, and provide successful examples and roadblock of translating data obtained from EAE to MS. We will then focus in depth on recent findings that demonstrate the pathological role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in MS and EAE, and briefly discuss the potential of targeting effector myeloid cells as a treatment strategy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpalatha Palle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Kelly L Monaghan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Sarah M Milne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Edwin C K Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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189
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Lee YK, Landuyt AE, Lobionda S, Sittipo P, Zhao Q, Maynard CL. TCR-independent functions of Th17 cells mediated by the synergistic actions of cytokines of the IL-12 and IL-1 families. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186351. [PMID: 29023599 PMCID: PMC5638524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Th17 cells is accompanied by the acquisition of responsiveness to both IL-12 and IL-23, cytokines with established roles in the development and/or function of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. IL-12 signaling promotes antigen-dependent Th1 differentiation but, in combination with IL-18, allows the antigen-independent perpetuation of Th1 responses. On the other hand, while IL-23 is dispensable for initial commitment to the Th17 lineage, it promotes the pathogenic function of the Th17 cells. In this study, we have examined the overlap between Th1 and Th17 cells in their responsiveness to common pro-inflammatory cytokines and how this affects the antigen-independent cytokine responses of Th17 cells. We found that in addition to the IL-1 receptor, developing Th17 cells also up-regulate the IL-18 receptor. Consequently, in the presence of IL-1β or IL-18, and in the absence of TCR activation, Th17 cells produce Th17 lineage cytokines in a STAT3-dependent manner when stimulated with IL-23, and IFN© via a STAT4-dependent mechanism when stimulated with IL-12. Thus, building on previous findings of antigen-induced plasticity of Th17 cells, our results indicate that this potential of Th17 cells extends to their cytokine-dependent antigen-independent responses. Collectively, our data suggest a model whereby signaling via either IL-1β or IL-18 allows for bystander responses of Th17 cells to pathogens or pathogen products that differentially activate innate cell production of IL-12 or IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ashley E Landuyt
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stefani Lobionda
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Panida Sittipo
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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190
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How Inflammasomes Inform Adaptive Immunity. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:217-237. [PMID: 28987733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An immune response consists of a finely orchestrated interplay between initial recognition of potential microbial threats by the innate immune system and subsequent licensed adaptive immune neutralization. The initial recognition integrates environmental cues derived from pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cell-intrinsic damage-associated molecular patterns to contextualize the insult and inform a tailored adaptive response via T and B lymphocytes. While there are much data to support the role of transcriptional responses downstream of pattern recognition receptors in informing the adaptive immune response, markedly less attention has been paid to the role of post-translational responses to pathogen-associated molecular pattern and damage-associated molecular pattern recognition by the innate immune system, and how this may influence adaptive immunity. A well-characterized post-translational consequence of pattern recognition receptor signaling is the assembly of a multimeric signaling platform, termed the inflammasome, by members of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (Nod), leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs), and pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) families. Inflammasomes assemble in response to cytosolic perturbations, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant ion fluxes in the case of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome or the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in the case of the non-canonical inflammasome. Assembly of the inflammasome allows for the cleavage and activation of inflammatory caspases. These activated inflammatory caspases in turn cleave pro-form inflammatory cytokines into their mature bioactive species and lead to unconventional protein secretion and lytic cell death. In this review, we discuss evidence for inflammasome-mediated instruction and contextualization of infectious and sterile agents to the adaptive immune system.
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191
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Engelbertsen D, Rattik S, Wigren M, Vallejo J, Marinkovic G, Schiopu A, Björkbacka H, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. IL-1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:180-187. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The role of CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis has been shown to be dependent on cytokine cues that regulate lineage commitment into mature T helper sub-sets. In this study, we tested the roles of IL-1R1 and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells in atherosclerosis.
Methods and results
We transferred apoe-/-myd88+/+ or apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells to T- and B-cell-deficient rag1-/-apoe-/- mice fed high fat diet. Mice given apoe-/-myd88-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited reduced atherosclerosis compared with mice given apoe-/-myd88+/+ CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells from apoe-/-myd88-/- produced less IL-17 but similar levels of IFN-γ. Treatment of human CD4+ T cells with a MyD88 inhibitor inhibited IL-17 secretion in vitro. Transfer of il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells recapitulated the phenotype seen by transfer of myd88-/- CD4+ T cells with reduced lesion development and a reduction in Th17 and IL-17 production compared with wild type CD4+ T cell recipients. Relative collagen content of lesions was reduced in mice receiving il1r1-/- CD4+ T cells.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that both IL1R and MyD88 signalling in CD4+ T cells promote Th17 immunity, plaque growth and may regulate plaque collagen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sara Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jenifer Vallejo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Goran Marinkovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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192
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Lin CC, Edelson BT. New Insights into the Role of IL-1β in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4553-4560. [PMID: 28583987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, are neuroinflammatory diseases driven by autoreactive pathogenic TH cells that elicit demyelination and axonal damage. How TH cells acquire pathogenicity and communicate with myeloid cells and cells of the CNS remain unclear. IL-1β is recognized to play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and perhaps MS. Clinical EAE is significantly attenuated in IL-1R-deficient and IL-1β-deficient mice, and IL-1β is found in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and CNS lesions of MS patients. In this article, we focus on new reports that elucidate the cellular sources of IL-1β and its actions during EAE, in both lymphoid tissues and within the CNS. Several immune cell types serve as critical producers of IL-1β during EAE, with this cytokine inducing response in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. These findings from the EAE model should inspire efforts toward investigating the therapeutic potential of IL-1 blockade in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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193
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Ichiyama K, Gonzalez-Martin A, Kim BS, Jin HY, Jin W, Xu W, Sabouri-Ghomi M, Xu S, Zheng P, Xiao C, Dong C. The MicroRNA-183-96-182 Cluster Promotes T Helper 17 Cell Pathogenicity by Negatively Regulating Transcription Factor Foxo1 Expression. Immunity 2017; 44:1284-98. [PMID: 27332731 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are key players in autoimmune diseases. However, the roles of non-coding RNAs in Th17 cell development and function are largely unknown. We found that deletion of the endoribonuclease-encoding Dicer1 specifically in Th17 cells protected mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We found that the Dicer1-regulated microRNA (miR)-183-96-182 cluster (miR-183C) was highly expressed in Th17 cells and was induced by cytokine IL-6-STAT3 signaling. miR-183C expression enhanced pathogenic cytokine production from Th17 cells during their development and promoted autoimmunity. Mechanistically, miR-183C in Th17 cells directly repressed expression of the transcription factor Foxo1. Foxo1 negatively regulated the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in part by inhibiting expression of cytokine receptor IL-1R1. These findings indicate that the miR-183C drives Th17 pathogenicity in autoimmune diseases via inhibition of Foxo1 and present promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ichiyama
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alicia Gonzalez-Martin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wei Jin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohsen Sabouri-Ghomi
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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194
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Bergmann H, Roth S, Pechloff K, Kiss EA, Kuhn S, Heikenwälder M, Diefenbach A, Greten FR, Ruland J. Card9-dependent IL-1β regulates IL-22 production from group 3 innate lymphoid cells and promotes colitis-associated cancer. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1342-1353. [PMID: 28586167 PMCID: PMC5600091 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are key risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms that link intestinal inflammation with carcinogenesis are insufficiently understood. Card9 is a myeloid cell-specific signaling protein that regulates inflammatory responses downstream of various pattern recognition receptors and which cooperates with the inflammasomes for IL-1β production. Because polymorphisms in Card9 were recurrently associated with human IBD, we investigated the function of Card9 in a colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model. Card9-/- mice develop smaller, less proliferative and less dysplastic tumors compared to their littermates and in the regenerating mucosa we detected dramatically impaired IL-1β generation and defective IL-1β controlled IL-22 production from group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Consistent with the key role of immune-derived IL-22 in activating STAT3 signaling during normal and pathological intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation, Card9-/- mice also exhibit impaired tumor cell intrinsic STAT3 activation. Our results imply a Card9-controlled, ILC3-mediated mechanism regulating healthy and malignant IEC proliferation and demonstrates a role of Card9-mediated innate immunity in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bergmann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und PathobiochemieKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und PathobiochemieKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Chirurgische KlinikUniversitätsklinikum HeidelbergRuprecht‐Karls‐UniversitätHeidelbergGermany
| | - Konstanze Pechloff
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und PathobiochemieKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elina A. Kiss
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und HygieneUniversitätsmedizin MainzMainzGermany
| | - Sabine Kuhn
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und PathobiochemieKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Institut für VirologieTechnische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und HygieneUniversitätsmedizin MainzMainzGermany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental TherapyGeorg‐Speyer‐HausFrankfurtGermany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und PathobiochemieKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)partner site MunichMunichGermany
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195
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Vargas TR, Martin F, Apetoh L. Role of interleukin-1-family cytokines on effector CD4 T cell differentiation. World J Immunol 2017; 7:24-31. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v7.i2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into various effector or regulatory T cell subsets explains the successful adaptation of immune responses to different types of infectious pathogens. Immune responses in the context of cancer are also shaped by CD4 T cells, which can directly affect cancer prognosis in patients. While the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-1β was initially shown to enhance Th2 cell responses, recent findings support a predominant role of two other members of the IL-1 family, IL-18 and IL-33, on the production of Th1 and Th2-derived cytokines. In addition, IL-1β was found to profoundly affect the biology of two recently identified CD4 T cell subsets, Th17 and Th9 cells. IL-1β is critical for Th17 cell differentiation and it enhances the production of IL-9 and IL-21 by Th9 cells, thus increasing their anticancer properties. We will here review the mechanisms accounting for the ability of IL-1 cytokines to affect the differentiation of CD4 effector T cells with a focus on Th17 and Th9 cells. The physiopathological relevance of IL-1-driven effects on CD4 T cells will also be discussed.
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196
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Horng S, Therattil A, Moyon S, Gordon A, Kim K, Argaw AT, Hara Y, Mariani JN, Sawai S, Flodby P, Crandall ED, Borok Z, Sofroniew MV, Chapouly C, John GR. Astrocytic tight junctions control inflammatory CNS lesion pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3136-3151. [PMID: 28737509 DOI: 10.1172/jci91301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions and neurologic disability in inflammatory CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) result from the translocation of leukocytes and humoral factors from the vasculature, first across the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then across the astrocytic glia limitans (GL). Factors secreted by reactive astrocytes open the BBB by disrupting endothelial tight junctions (TJs), but the mechanisms that control access across the GL are unknown. Here, we report that in inflammatory lesions, a second barrier composed of reactive astrocyte TJs of claudin 1 (CLDN1), CLDN4, and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) subunits is induced at the GL. In a human coculture model, CLDN4-deficient astrocytes were unable to control lymphocyte segregation. In models of CNS inflammation and MS, mice with astrocyte-specific Cldn4 deletion displayed exacerbated leukocyte and humoral infiltration, neuropathology, motor disability, and mortality. These findings identify a second inducible barrier to CNS entry at the GL. This barrier may be therapeutically targetable in inflammatory CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Horng
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Anthony Therattil
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Gordon
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Karla Kim
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Azeb Tadesse Argaw
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Yuko Hara
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John N Mariani
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Setsu Sawai
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Per Flodby
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Candice Chapouly
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
| | - Gareth R John
- Friedman Brain Institute.,Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis.,Department of Neurology, and
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197
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Th17 in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070073. [PMID: 28753982 PMCID: PMC5532581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-secreting helper CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) constitute a newly identified subset of helper CD4 T cells that play a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in its animal models. Recently, several models of spontaneous RA, which elucidate the mechanism of RA onset, have been discovered. These animal models shed new light on the role of Th17 in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Th17 cells coordinate inflammation and promote joint destruction, acting on various cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Regulatory T cells cannot control Th17 cells under conditions of inflammation. In this review, the pathogenic role of Th17 cells in arthritis development, which was revealed by the recent animal models of RA, is discussed.
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198
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Netea MG, Balkwill F, Chonchol M, Cominelli F, Donath MY, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Golenbock D, Gresnigt MS, Heneka MT, Hoffman HM, Hotchkiss R, Joosten LA, Kastner DL, Korte M, Latz E, Libby P, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Mantovani A, Mills KHG, Nowak KL, O’Neill LA, Pickkers P, van der Poll T, Ridker PM, Schalkwijk J, Schwartz DA, Siegmund B, Steer CJ, Tilg H, van der Meer JW, van de Veerdonk FL, Dinarello CA. A guiding map for inflammation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:826-831. [PMID: 28722720 PMCID: PMC5939996 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologists, physicians and immunologists have contributed to the understanding of the cellular participants and biological pathways involved in inflammation. Here, we provide a general guide to the cellular and humoral contributors to inflammation as well as to the pathways that characterize inflammation in specific organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massacchussetts Medical School, Worchester, USA
| | - Mark S. Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hal M. Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of California at San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, USA
| | - Richard Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Daniel L. Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Korte
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany and HZI, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinica Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristen L. Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Luke A. O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jos W.M. van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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199
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Shah A, Alhusayen R, Amini-Nik S. The critical role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:931-945. [PMID: 28656364 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence between 1 and 4% of general population. The pathogenesis of HS long eluded scientists, but growing evidence suggests that it is a consequence of inflammatory dysregulation. FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that dysregulated immune response to skin flora and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines leads to chronic skin inflammation seen in HS. Macrophages are the most numerous inflammatory cells found in HS infiltrates and release numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-23, and IL-1β and TNF-α, exacerbating the inflammation and contributing to the pathogenesis of HS. Furthermore, in HS, there is dysregulated function of other immune players closely associated with macrophage function including: matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and 9 overexpression, toll-like receptor upregulation, impaired Notch signalling, NLRP3 inflammasome upregulation, and dysregulated keratinocyte function. Lifestyle factors including obesity and smoking also contribute to macrophage dysfunction and correlate with HS incidence. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent efficacy of anti-cytokine biologic therapies highlights the importance of managing macrophage dysfunction. Future therapies should target key molecular drivers of macrophage dysfunction such as TLR2 and NLRP3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raed Alhusayen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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200
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Kawabe T, Jankovic D, Kawabe S, Huang Y, Lee PH, Yamane H, Zhu J, Sher A, Germain RN, Paul WE. Memory-phenotype CD4 + T cells spontaneously generated under steady-state conditions exert innate T H1-like effector function. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/12/eaam9304. [PMID: 28783663 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional CD4+ T cells are composed of naïve, pathogen-specific memory, and pathogen-independent memory-phenotype (MP) cells under steady state. Naïve and pathogen-specific memory cells play key roles in adaptive immunity, whereas the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the generation of MP cells and their biological functions are unclear. We show that MP cells are autonomously generated from peripheral naïve cells in the absence of infectious stimulation in a T cell receptor (TCR)- and CD28-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that MP cells contain a T-bethi subpopulation that is continuously generated by environmental interleukin-12 (IL-12) and rapidly produces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to IL-12 in the absence of pathogen recognition. These cells can provide nonspecific host resistance against Toxoplasma gondii infection while enhancing the adaptive CD4+ T cell responses. Together, these findings reveal that MP cells are continuously generated from naïve precursors and have a previously undescribed innate immune function by which they produce an early, T helper cell type 1 (TH1)-like protective response against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuko Kawabe
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ping-Hsien Lee
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William E Paul
- Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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