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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Fysekidis M, Cosson E, Sabouret P, Takbou K, Sutton A, Charnaux N, Banu I, Testa A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Vicaut E, Valensi P. Insulin analogs as an add-on to metformin after failure to oral treatment in type 2 diabetic patients increase diastole duration. The INSUlin Regimens and VASCular Functions (INSUVASC) study. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:659-672. [PMID: 37405711 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast acting insulin analogues are known to improve arterial stiffness. The combination of metformin with insulin represents a widely used therapeutic strategy in diabetes. We hypothesized that insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with long-acting, fast-acting or basal bolus insulin as an add-on to metformin would provide additional improvement of arterial stiffness. METHODS The INSUlin Regimens and VASCular Functions (INSUVASC) study is a pilot, randomized, open label three-arms study that included 42 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary prevention, after a failure to oral antidiabetic agents. Arterial stiffness measurements were performed at fasting and after a standardized breakfast. During the first visit (V1) pre-randomization, participants took only metformin to perform the tests. The same tests were repeated after 4 weeks of insulin treatment during the second visit (V2). RESULTS Data were available for final analysis in 40 patients, with a mean age of 53.6±9.7 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 10.6±5.6 years. Twenty-one were females (52.5%), hypertension and dyslipidemia were present in 18 (45%) and 17 patients (42.5%), respectively. After insulin treatment, the metabolic control was associated to a decrease in oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial functions, with a post prandial diastole duration increased and a decrease of the peripheral arterial stiffness, with a better post prandial pulse pressure ratio and ejection duration after insulin. In hypertensive patients, insulin treatment provided positive effects by decreasing the pulse wave velocity and improving reflection time. CONCLUSIONS A short time treatment by insulin in addition to metformin improved myocardial perfusion. Moreover, insulin treatment in hypertensive patients provides a better hemodynamic profile in large arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Fysekidis
- Department of Endocrinology, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France -
- Department of Diabetology-Nutrition, Research Center for Human Nutrition of Ile-de-France, Integrated Obesity Center of North Ile-de-France (CINFO), Bondy, France -
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (UMR U1153), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université Paris13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France -
| | - Emmanuel Cosson
- Department of Endocrinology, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology-Nutrition, Research Center for Human Nutrition of Ile-de-France, Integrated Obesity Center of North Ile-de-France (CINFO), Bondy, France
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (UMR U1153), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université Paris13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Heart Institute, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- National College of French Cardiologists, Paris, France
| | - Karim Takbou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Charnaux
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Isabela Banu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Testa
- Sapienza School for Advanced Studies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Clinical Research Unit, Lariboisière-St Louis, Fernand Widal Hospitals, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paul Valensi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jean Verdier Hospital, Assistence Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Hauser C, Lichtenstein E, Nebiker L, Streese L, Köchli S, Infanger D, Faude O, Hanssen H. Cardiorespiratory fitness and development of childhood cardiovascular risk: The EXAMIN YOUTH follow-up study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1243434. [PMID: 37680774 PMCID: PMC10482095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity- and hypertension-related cardiovascular (CV) risk has been shown to originate in childhood. Higher body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) have been associated with increased large artery stiffness and a lower microvascular arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of BMI, BP and vascular health during childhood. Methods: In our prospective cohort study, 1,171 children aged 6-8 years were screened for CRF, BMI, BP, retinal vessel diameters and pulse wave velocity using standardized protocols. Endurance capacity was assessed by 20 m shuttle run test. After 4 years, all parameters were assessed in 664 children using the same protocols. Results: Children with a higher CRF at baseline developed a significantly lower BMI (β [95% CI] -0.09 [-0.11 to -0.06] kg/m2, p < 0.001), a lower systolic BP (β [95% CI] -0.09 [-0.15 to -0.03] mmHg, p = 0.004) and a higher AVR (β [95% CI] 0.0004 [0.00004 to 0.0007] units, p = 0.027) after 4 years. The indirect association of CRF with development of retinal arteriolar diameters was mediated by changes in BMI. Conclusion: Our results identify CRF as a key modulator for the risk trajectories of BMI, BP and microvascular health in children. Obesity-related CV risk has been shown to track into adulthood, and achieving higher CRF levels in children may help counteract the development of CV risk and disease not only in pediatric populations, but may also help reduce the burden of CVD in adulthood. Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02853747).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With Aortic Arterial Stiffness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e641-e646. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ushula TW, Mamun A, Darssan D, Wang WY, Williams GM, Whiting SJ, Najman JM. Dietary patterns and the risks of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among young adults: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1523-1531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2277] [Impact Index Per Article: 1138.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Dimitroulas T, Anyfanti P, Bekiari E, Angeloudi E, Pagkopoulou E, Kitas G. Arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis: Current knowledge and future perspectivess. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/injr.injr_254_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061832. [PMID: 34072074 PMCID: PMC8228755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A lesser objective was to measure the degree to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quantity of milk-fat regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and body mass index (BMI) were the outcome variables. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong predictor of visceral abdominal fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, race, gender, physical activity, leisure computer use and gaming, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with consistent non-fat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, p = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of non-fat milk (F = 5.0, p = 0.0019). No significant differences were detected between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, consistent non-fat milk intake was predictive of lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2952] [Impact Index Per Article: 984.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Kaolawanich Y, Boonyasirinant T. Impact of aortic stiffness by velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging on late gadolinium enhancement to predict cardiovascular events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 30:100635. [PMID: 33015313 PMCID: PMC7522332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased aortic stiffness has been established as a marker in various cardiovascular diseases. Previous reports revealed a significant correlation between aortic stiffness and myocardial scarring using the late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). However, prognostic data concerning aortic stiffness combining myocardial scarring remains limited. Method A total of 402 patients who had undergone clinical CMR for the evaluation of cardiac function, LGE, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) using velocity encoded-CMR (VE-CMR) were included. Patients were classified into 4 groups using mean PWV and the presence of LGE as elevated or non-elevated PWV and positive or negative LGE. Patients received follow-up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke. Predictors of MACE and hard cardiac events (cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction) were evaluated. Results During the average follow-up period of 47.7 months, 58 MACE occurred. Patients who had elevated PWV and positive LGE experienced the highest rate of MACE compared to the group with non-elevated PWV and negative LGE (HR 11.90, p < 0.001). Among patients who had LGE, those who had elevated PWV experienced a 2.4-times higher rate of MACE compared to those who had non-elevated PWV. Multivariate analysis showed that PWV and LGE were independent predictors of MACE and hard cardiac events. PWV had excellent intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (intra-: ICC = 0.98, p < 0.001, inter-: ICC = 0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusion Aortic stiffness using VE-CMR had prognostic value to predict cardiovascular events, with the added benefits of LGE.
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Key Words
- Aortic stiffness
- CI, confidence interval
- CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
- FOV, field of view
- HR, hazard ratio
- LA, left atrial/atrium
- LGE, late gadolinium enhancement
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- Late gadolinium enhancement
- MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events
- PWV, pulse wave velocity
- Prognosis
- SD, standard deviation
- STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction
- T, tesla
- TE, echo time
- TR, repetition time
- VE, velocity-encoded
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodying Kaolawanich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thananya Boonyasirinant
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Talbot JS, Lord RN, Wakeham DJ, Dawkins TG, Curry BA, Brown M, Lodge FM, Pugh CJA. The influence of habitual endurance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate in young and middle-aged men. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1396-1407. [PMID: 32578897 DOI: 10.1113/ep088384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Carotid artery peak circumferential strain (PCS) and strain rate attenuate with age, but appear to be modulated by cardiorespiratory fitness status in young males. However, the relationship between habitual endurance exercise (running) and these parameters has not been studied in young and middle-aged men. What is the main finding and its importance? Young and middle-aged runners exhibited elevated PCS and systolic strain rate (S-SR) compared with non-runners, but habitual running did not influence diastolic strain rate (D-SR). Habitual exercise is associated with comparable improvements in carotid strain parameters in young and middle-aged men, but the age-related decline in PCS and S-SR might be more amenable to habitual endurance exercise than D-SR. ABSTRACT Central arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk that can be modified by exercise training. However, conventional local measures of carotid artery stiffness display conflicting responses to habitual endurance exercise in young and older adults. Two-dimensional (2D)-Strain imaging of the common carotid artery (CCA) quantifies circumferential deformation (strain) of the arterial wall across the cardiac cycle, which is more sensitive at detecting age-related alterations in CCA stiffness than conventional methods. Therefore, the study was designed to examine the relationship between habitual endurance exercise (running) and CCA 2D-Strain parameters in young and middle-aged men. Short-axis ultrasound images of the CCA were obtained from 13 young non-runners [23 years of age (95% confidence interval: 21, 26 years of age)], 19 young runners [24 (22, 26) years of age], 13 middle-aged non-runners [54 (52, 56) years of age] and 19 middle-aged runners [56 (54, 58) years of age]. Images were analysed for peak circumferential strain (PCS; magnitude of deformation) and systolic and diastolic strain rates (S-SR and D-SR; deformation velocity), and group differences were examined via two-way ANOVA. PCS, S-SR and D-SR were attenuated in middle-aged men compared with young men (all P ≤ 0.001). PCS and S-SR were elevated in young and middle-aged runners when compared with non-runners (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively), but no age × training status interaction was observed. In contrast, there was no influence of habitual running on D-SR. Habitual exercise is associated with comparable improvements in CCA 2D-Strain parameters in young and middle-aged men, but the age-related decline in PCS and S-SR might be more amenable to habitual endurance exercise than D-SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Talbot
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel N Lord
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Denis J Wakeham
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tony G Dawkins
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bryony A Curry
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Megan Brown
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Freya M Lodge
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christopher J A Pugh
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Kaolawanich Y, Boonyasirinant T. Incremental prognostic value of aortic stiffness in addition to myocardial ischemia by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:287. [PMID: 32527291 PMCID: PMC7291435 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality. However, no data exists for the prognosis of combined aortic stiffness and myocardial ischemia. Using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, we assessed the association of aortic stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV), myocardial ischemia, and CV events in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Velocity-encoded CMR was performed in 520 patients who had undergone adenosine stress CMR. The PWV was determined between the mid-ascending and mid-descending thoracic aorta. Patients were divided into 4 groups by PWV (higher or lower PWV) and myocardial ischemia (positive or negative ischemia). Combined CV events including mortality, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, coronary revascularization, and stroke were analyzed among the 4 groups. Results The median follow-up period was 46.5 months, and the median PWV was 10.54 m/sec. Myocardial ischemia was positive in 199 patients (38.3%). The group with a higher PWV and positive ischemia had the most CV events (hazard ratio 8.94, p < 0.001). The group with a higher PWV and negative ischemia also was significantly associated with CV events (HR 2.19, p = 0.02). Groups with a lower PWV-positive ischemia and a higher PWV-negative ischemia showed no difference in terms of CV events (HR 0.60, p = 0.08). Patients with myocardial ischemia who had higher PWV demonstrated significantly higher event rates than those who had lower PWV (HR 2.41, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that myocardial ischemia and PWV were independent predictors for combined CV events (HR 2.71, p < 0.001 and HR 2.42, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Stress perfusion CMR provided prognostic utility in patients with known or suspected CAD. Adding aortic stiffness to stress perfusion CMR could improve risk assessment and prediction for future CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodying Kaolawanich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Thananya Boonyasirinant
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Cseh D, Climie RE, Offredo L, Guibout C, Thomas F, Zanoli L, Danchin N, Sharman JE, Laurent S, Jouven X, Boutouyrie P, Empana JP. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Independently Associated With Decreased Neural Baroreflex Sensitivity: The Paris Prospective Study III. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1420-1428. [PMID: 32188272 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired baroreflex function is an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic imbalance. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), however, whether the neural BRS (nBRS) and mechanical component of the BRS is altered in those with high metabolic risk (HMR, impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome) or with overt T2D, is unknown. We examined this in a community-based observational study, the Paris Prospective Study III (PPS3). Approach and Results: In 7626 adults aged 50 to 75 years, resting nBRS (estimated by low-frequency gain, from carotid distension rate and RR [time elapsed between two successive R waves] intervals) and mechanical BRS were measured by high-precision carotid echotracking. The associations between overt T2D or HMR as compared with subjects with normal glucose metabolism and nBRS or mechanical BRS were quantified using multivariable linear regression analysis. There were 319 subjects with T2D (61±6 years, 77% male), 1450 subjects with HMR (60±6 years, 72% male), and 5857 subjects with normal glucose metabolism (59±6 years, 57% male). Compared with normal glucose metabolism, nBRS was significantly lower in HMR subjects (β=-0.07 [95% CI, -0.12 to -0.01]; P=0.029) and in subjects with T2D (β=-0.18 [95% CI, -0.29 to -0.07]; P=0.002) after adjustment for confounding and mediating factors. Subgroup analysis suggests significant and independent alteration in mechanical BRS only among HMR patients who had both impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS In this community-based study of individuals aged 50 to 75, a graded decrease in nBRS was observed in HMR subjects and patients with overt T2D as compared with normal glucose metabolism subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Cseh
- From the Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (D.C.)
| | - Rachel E Climie
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.).,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (R.E.C.).,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.)
| | - Lucile Offredo
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.)
| | - Catherine Guibout
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.)
| | - Frédérique Thomas
- Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France (F.T., N.D.)
| | - Luca Zanoli
- University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.Z.)
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.).,Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris, France (F.T., N.D.).,Department of Pharmacology, HEGP, APHP, Paris, France (N.D., S.L., P.B.)
| | - James E Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.)
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- Department of Pharmacology, HEGP, APHP, Paris, France (N.D., S.L., P.B.)
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.)
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.).,Department of Pharmacology, HEGP, APHP, Paris, France (N.D., S.L., P.B.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease team, Paris, France (R.E.C., L.O., C.G., N.D., X.J., P.B., J.-P.E.)
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Family patterns of arterial stiffness across three generations in the Malmö Offspring Study. J Hypertens 2020; 38:474-480. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4693] [Impact Index Per Article: 1173.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Kadkhoda G, Zarkesh M, Saidpour A, Oghaz MH, Hedayati M, Khalaj A. Association of dietary intake of fruit and green vegetables with PTEN and P53 mRNA gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese and non-obese adults. Gene 2020; 733:144353. [PMID: 31978509 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the association of dietary intake of fruit and green Vegetables with PTEN and P53 mRNA gene expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) of obese and non-obese adults. METHODS VAT and SAT were obtained from 151 individuals, aged ~40 years, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. The participants were grouped according to their body mass index (BMI), as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI = 18.5-30 kg/m2). Dietary intakes were obtained using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Real-time PCR was carried out for PTEN and P53 mRNA expressions. Associations between expression levels and dietary parameters were analyzed. RESULTS P53 mRNA expression of obese participants was significantly higher than the non-obese, only in VAT (p < 0.001). After adjusting for total energy intake, age and BMI, fruit intake was inversely associated with P53 gene expression in both VAT (β = -0.38, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = -0.35, P = 0.03) among non-obese participants. Furthermore, fruit consumption was inversely associated with P53 gene expression in obese individuals, only in VAT (β = -0.21, P = 0.05). More so, intake of green vegetables in obese subjects was negatively associated with P53 gene expression in VAT (β = -0.27, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = -0.28, P < 0.001). On the other hand, after adjustment for total energy intake, age and BMI, a positive association was observed between fruit intake and PTEN in VAT (β = 0.27, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = 0.34, P < 0.001) among obese participants. In addition, dietary consumption of fruits in non-obese individuals was negatively associated withPTEN expression in SAT (β = -0.48, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of fruit and green vegetables was associated with P53 gene expression in VAT and SAT of obese participants, suggesting their protective role in regulating P53 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher fruit intake was inversely associated with PTEN mRNA levels in non-obese participants, implying the anti-adipogenic role of PTEN gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoosh Kadkhoda
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Hajizadeh Oghaz
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Das SR, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Jordan LC, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, O'Flaherty M, Pandey A, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Turakhia MP, VanWagner LB, Wilkins JT, Wong SS, Virani SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e56-e528. [PMID: 30700139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5194] [Impact Index Per Article: 1038.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Pulse wave velocity and its gender-related associations with cardiovascular risk factors in a high cardiovascular risk population. ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 2019; 3:e99-e105. [PMID: 30775598 PMCID: PMC6374584 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2018.76919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Associations found between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVrF) are diverse. We aimed to evaluate whether differences in PWV and its associations with CVrF in a high cardiovascular risk population exist between genders and between the whole population (WHgr) and groups of apparently healthy (AHgr) and those of hypertensive, obese or diabetics (Rgr). Material and methods Pulse wave velocity measured by Arteriograph was investigated in 805 adults aged 20-65, randomly selected from the Tallinn Population Register. Results Pulse wave velocity was the highest in Rgr and no differences were found between genders of the same group. In women of WHgr and AHgr age and SBP with addition of BMI and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were associated with 54% and 48%, and without ApoB in Rgr with only 30% of PWV values. In men aged ≥ 50 of WHgr with elevated SBP odds ratios for increased PWV were 25.3 and 3.5, in Rgr 21.2 and 2.2, in those aged ≥ 50 AHgr 28.4. In women aged ≥ 50 of WHgr with elevated SBP and diabetes odds ratios were 5.5, 4.9 and 4.0, in Rgr with elevated SBP and diabetes 3.6 and 3.7, in those aged ≥ 50 AHgr 29.3. Conclusions The associations of ApoB and BMI with PWV and diabetes with elevated PWV indicative of increased aortic stiffness were unique for women. Aging and SBP were related to PWV even in AHgr, although age ≥ 50 years in Rgr women and normal SBP in AHgr were not associated with elevated PWV.
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What Do We Know about Diet and Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Children: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040548. [PMID: 30769798 PMCID: PMC6406429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main health concerns in the 21st century, with CVD as the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Although CVD hard endpoints such as stroke or heart attack do not usually occur in children, evidence shows that the manifestation of CVD risk factors begins in childhood, preceding clinical complications of CVD in adulthood. Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor that has been shown to make a substantial contribution to the risk of CVD in adulthood. However, less is known about the association between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health in children. This review summarises the current evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health including traditional CVD risk factors, physical fitness, and indices of arterial stiffness and wave reflection in children. Original research published in English, between January 2008 and December 2018 fulfilling the objective of this review were screened and included. Findings show that adaptation of a healthy lifestyle early in life can be beneficial for reducing the risk of CVD later in life. Furthermore, keeping arterial stiffness low from a young age could be a potential CVD prevention strategy. However, limited studies are available on diet-arterial stiffness relationship in children, and future research is required to better understand this association to aid the development and implementation of evidence-based strategies for preventing CVD-related complications later in life.
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20
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Graham-Brown MPM, Adenwalla SF, Lai FY, Hunt WH, Parke K, Gulsin G, Burton JO, McCann GP. The reproducibility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures of aortic stiffness and their relationship to cardiac structure in prevalent haemodialysis patients. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:864-873. [PMID: 30524722 PMCID: PMC6275449 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stiffness is one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease and an independent predictor of mortality. It is thought to drive left ventricular (LV) remodelling, an established biomarker for mortality. The relationship between direct and indirect measures of aortic stiffness and LV remodelling is not defined in dialysis patients, nor are the reproducibility of methods used to assess aortic stiffness using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. METHODS Using 3T CMR, we report the results of (i) the interstudy, interobserver and intra-observer reproducibility of ascending aortic distensibility (AAD), descending aortic distensibility (DAD) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) in 10 haemodialysis (HD) patients and (ii) the relationship between AAD, DAD and aPWV and LV mass index (LVMi) and LV remodelling in 70 HD patients. RESULTS Inter- and intra-observer variability of AAD, DAD and aPWV were excellent [intraclass correlation (ICC) > 0.9 for all]. Interstudy reproducibility of AAD was excellent {ICC 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.99]}, but poor for DAD and aPWV [ICC 0.51 (-0.13-0.85) and 0.51 (-0.31-0.89)]. AAD, DAD and aPWV associated with LVMi on univariate analysis (β = -0.244, P = 0.04; β =-0.315, P < 0.001 and β = 0.242, P = 0.04, respectively). Only systolic blood pressure, serum phosphate and a history of CVD remained independent determinants of LVMi on multivariable linear regression. CONCLUSIONS AAD is the most reproducible CMR-derived measure of aortic stiffness in HD patients. CMR-derived measures of aortic stiffness were not independent determinants of LVMi in HD patients. Whether one should target blood pressure over aortic stiffness to mitigate cardiovascular risk still needs determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P M Graham-Brown
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence and offprint requests to: Matthew P.M. Graham-Brown; E-mail:
| | - Sherna F Adenwalla
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Florence Y Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - William H Hunt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kelly Parke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gaurav Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James O Burton
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Liang KW, Lee WJ, Lee IT, Lin SY, Wang JS, Lee WL, Sheu WHH. Regaining body weight after weight reduction further increases pulse wave velocity in obese men with metabolic syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12730. [PMID: 30290684 PMCID: PMC6200464 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or obesity have worse arterial stiffness. However, there have been no studies addressing time-sequential changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after weight loss and then regaining weight in obese non-diabetic men with MetS.We prospectively enrolled 40 obese, non-diabetic men with MetS undergoing a 3-month weight reduction program. Another 26 lean and healthy men were recruited for comparisons. Oral glucose tolerance test and brachial ankle (ba) PWV were assessed in study subjects. Eighteen obese non-diabetic MetS and 15 lean control subjects had follow-ups at the 60th month.The body weight of obese MetS decreased from 94.8 ± 7.6 to 86.1 ± 9.0 (N = 18, P < .001) after a 3-month weight reduction program but regained gradually thereafter to 93.6 ± 11.6 kg at the 60th month (P < .001 versus 3rd month). baPWV decreased after weight loss slightly (P = .240) while weight regain significantly increased the baPWV (from 3rd month, 1358 ± 168 to 60th month 1539 ± 264 cm/sec, P < .001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increments correlated with the increment of baPWV after weight regain. At the 60th month, lean controls (N = 15) had increases in body weight while their baPWV increased non-significantly. The increments of baPWV after weight regain in obese MetS were significantly higher than the increment of baPWV in lean controls after weight gain.In conclusion, regaining body weight after weight reduction worsened arterial stiffness with significant increase of baPWV in obese non-diabetic MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae-Woei Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Tung-Hai University
| | - I-Te Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Pugh CJA, Stone KJ, Stöhr EJ, McDonnell BJ, Thompson JES, Talbot JS, Wakeham DJ, Cockcroft JR, Shave R. Carotid artery wall mechanics in young males with high cardiorespiratory fitness. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1277-1286. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keeron J. Stone
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
- School of Sport & Exercise; University of Gloucester; Gloucester UK
| | - Eric J. Stöhr
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center; Columbia University in the City of New York; New York NY USA
| | - Barry J. McDonnell
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - Jane E. S. Thompson
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - Jack S. Talbot
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - Denis J. Wakeham
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - John R. Cockcroft
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
| | - Robert Shave
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Science; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
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Corlin L, Lane KJ, Sunderarajan J, Chui KKH, Vijayakumar H, Krakoff L, Chandrasekaran A, Thanikachalam S, Brugge D, Thanikachalam M. Urbanization as a risk factor for aortic stiffness in a cohort in India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201036. [PMID: 30067798 PMCID: PMC6070252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Aortic stiffness, as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is a validated predictor of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine the association between urbanization and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. The analysis included 6166 participants enrolled in an ongoing population-based study (mean age 42 years; 58% female) who live in an 80 × 80 km region of southern India. Multiple measures of urbanization were used and compared: 1) census designations, 2) satellite derived land cover (crops, grass, shrubs or trees as rural; built-up areas as urban), and 3) distance categories based on proximity to an urban center. The association between urbanization and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was tested in sex-stratified linear regression models. People residing in urban areas had significantly (p < 0.05) elevated mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity compared to non-urban populations after adjustment for other risk factors. There was also an inverse association between distance from the urban center and mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity: each 10 km increase in distance was associated with a decrease in mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity of 0.07 m/s (95% CI: -0.09, -0.06 m/s). The association was stronger among older participants, among smokers, and among those with other cardiovascular risk factors. Further research is needed to determine which components in the urban environment are associated with higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kenneth K. H. Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Lawrence Krakoff
- Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohan Thanikachalam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67-e492. [PMID: 29386200 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4443] [Impact Index Per Article: 740.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Puolakka E, Pahkala K, Laitinen TT, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Sabin MA, Laitinen T, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Arterial Stiffness in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Hypertension 2017; 70:729-735. [PMID: 28808067 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of socioeconomic factors in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the association of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) with arterial stiffness in adulthood has not been reported. Our aim was to determine whether higher childhood family-level SES is associated with lower arterial stiffness in adulthood. The analyses were performed using data gathered within the longitudinal Young Finns Study. The sample comprised 2566 participants who had data concerning family SES at ages 3 to 18 years in 1980 and arterial pulse wave velocity and carotid artery distensibility measured 21 or 27 years later in adulthood. Higher family SES in childhood was associated with lower arterial stiffness in adulthood; carotid artery distensibility being higher (β value±SE, 0.029±0.0089%/10 mm Hg; P=0.001) and pulse wave velocity lower (β value±SE, -0.062±0.022 m/s; P=0.006) among those with higher family SES in a multivariable analysis adjusted with age, sex, and conventional childhood cardiometabolic risk factors. The association remained significant after further adjustment for participant's SES in adulthood (β value±SE, 0.026±0.010%/10 mm Hg; P=0.01 for carotid artery distensibility and β value±SE, -0.048±0.023 m/s; P=0.04 for pulse wave velocity) but attenuated after adjustment for adulthood cardiometabolic risk factors (β value±SE, 0.015±0.008%/10 mm Hg; P=0.08 for carotid artery distensibility and β value±SE, -0.019±0.02 m/s; P=0.38 for pulse wave velocity). In conclusion, we observed an association between higher family SES in childhood and lower arterial stiffness in adulthood. Our findings suggest that special attention could be paid to children from low SES families to prevent cardiometabolic diseases primordially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Puolakka
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.).
| | - Katja Pahkala
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Mika Kähönen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Eero Jokinen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Marko Elovainio
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
| | - Markus Juonala
- From the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (E.P., K.P., T.T.L., C.G.M., O.T.R., M.J.), Department of Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Paavo Nurmi Centre (K.P., T.T.L.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics (N.H.-K.) and Department of Clinical Physiology (M.K.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland (T. Lehtimäki); Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland (P.T.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents (E.J.), Unit of Personality, Work, and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (M.E., L.P.-R.), and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland (L.P.-R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M.A.S.); Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland (T. Laitinen); Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.S.A.V., M.J.); and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (O.T.R.)
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Collette M, Palombo C, Morizzo C, Sbragi S, Kozakova M, Leftheriotis G. Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Assessed by Ultrasound: A Study with Echotracking Technology. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1187-1194. [PMID: 28395967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a new method for determination of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) based on arterial diameter waveform recording by an ultrasound system. The study was carried out on 120 consecutive patients. Carotid-femoral PWV was determined using a tonometric technique (PWVpp, PulsePen, DiaTecne, Milan, Italy) and an echotracking ultrasound system (PWVet, E-Track, Aloka, Tokyo, Japan). The relationship between PWVpp and PWVet was evaluated by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. There was excellent agreement between PWVet and PWVpp (Pearson's r = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-0.96, p < 0.0001; PWVet = 0.88 × PWVpp + 0.57). The Bland-Altman plot revealed an offset of -0.33 m/s with limits of agreement from -2.21 to 1.54 m/s. The coefficients of variation for within-subject repeatability between PWVet and PWVpp had were 5.79% and 8.47%, respectively, without significant differences in the Bland-Altman analysis. The results suggest that echotracking technology can provide a reliable estimate of aortic stiffness comparable to that of the tonometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Collette
- Groupe ESAIP, Saint Barthélemy d'Anjou, France; Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmela Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Sbragi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Georges Leftheriotis
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice, LP2M-CNRS-UNS UMR 7370, Nice, France; Unité d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Vasculaires, Nice, France
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Adenwalla SF, Graham-Brown MPM, Leone FMT, Burton JO, McCann GP. The importance of accurate measurement of aortic stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Clin Kidney J 2017; 10:503-515. [PMID: 28852490 PMCID: PMC5570016 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A key driver in this pathology is increased aortic stiffness, which is a strong, independent predictor of CV mortality in this population. Aortic stiffening is a potentially modifiable biomarker of CV dysfunction and in risk stratification for patients with CKD and ESRD. Previous work has suggested that therapeutic modification of aortic stiffness may ameliorate CV mortality. Nevertheless, future clinical implementation relies on the ability to accurately and reliably quantify stiffness in renal disease. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indirect measure of stiffness and is the accepted standard for non-invasive assessment of aortic stiffness. It has typically been measured using techniques such as applanation tonometry, which is easy to use but hindered by issues such as the inability to visualize the aorta. Advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging now allow direct measurement of stiffness, using aortic distensibility, in addition to PWV. These techniques allow measurement of aortic stiffness locally and are obtainable as part of a comprehensive, multiparametric CV assessment. The evidence cannot yet provide a definitive answer regarding which technique or parameter can be considered superior. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of non-invasive methods that have been used to assess aortic stiffness, the key studies that have assessed aortic stiffness in patients with renal disease and why these tools should be standardized for use in clinical trial work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherna F Adenwalla
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew P M Graham-Brown
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Francesca M T Leone
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James O Burton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e146-e603. [PMID: 28122885 PMCID: PMC5408160 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6014] [Impact Index Per Article: 859.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Reed KE, Warburton DER, Lewanczuk RZ, Haykowsky MJ, Scott JM, Whitney CL, McGavock JM, McKay HA. Arterial compliance in young children: the role of aerobic fitness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:492-7. [PMID: 16210937 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000176509.84165.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Reduced arterial compliance is reflective of vascular dysfunction, which promotes the atherosclerotic process, and is therefore an important predictor of vascular disease. In adults, obesity, age, aerobic fitness, oestrogens and race influence arterial compliance. Although stature and blood pressure are known to influence compliance in children, other determinants are less established. This investigation sought to determine the predictors of arterial compliance in children, assess the extent to which aerobic fitness is related to compliance, and compare compliance between girls and boys. Methods Participants (99 children aged 9-11 years, 55 boys) were assessed for aerobic fitness, physical activity level, blood pressure, body mass, percentage fat mass, height, maturity and arterial compliance (large and small). Predictors of compliance were determined using stepwise regression. Second, children were divided into quartiles according to fitness, and arterial compliance was compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Finally, differences in compliance between girls and boys were assessed using ANCOVA. Results We found that fitness, blood pressure and height accounted for 37% of the variance in large artery compliance. Mass, fitness, maturity and blood pressure accounted for 44% of the variance in small artery compliance. Children in the highest fitness quartile had greater compliance than children in the two lowest quartiles, by as much as 34%. There were no differences in compliance between girls and boys after adjusting for covariates. Discussion These data show that aerobic fitness is associated with arterial compliance in 9-11-year-old children, supporting the concept that physical fitness may exert a protective effect on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Reed
- School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nieboer D, Douw L, van Dijk BW, Heymans MW, Stam CJ, Twisk JWR. Relation between carotid stiffness, cognitive performance and brain connectivity in a healthy middle-aged population: an observational neurophysiological cohort study with magnetoencephalography. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013441. [PMID: 27979838 PMCID: PMC5168642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired blood flow of the carotid artery can result in cognitive impairment, but how these vascular impairments lead to global cognitive disturbances is largely unknown. Problems in functional connectivity between brain areas may be responsible for these widespread effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between carotid stiffness, functional connectivity and cognitive performance in relatively young and healthy adults before clinical vascular pathology occurs. DESIGN The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study: an observational study. SETTING Participants were included by attending 1 of the 2 selected secondary schools in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Men (n=110) and women (n=120) aged 41-44 years (42±0.7). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Data were obtained with regard to local carotid stiffness captured measured with the Young's elastic modulus (YEM). All participants underwent a commonly used Dutch intelligence test and resting-state eyes-closed magnetoencephalography (MEG). Five artefact-free epochs were analysed. The phase lag index (PLI) was used as a measure of functional connectivity between all sensors and was assessed in six frequency bands (δ-γ). RESULTS Carotid stiffness was significantly associated with increased functional connectivity in the α2 band in men (β: 0.287; p=0.008). The same results were found for women in the β band (β: 0.216; p=0.040). Furthermore, carotid stiffness was associated with superior cognitive function in men (β: 0.238; p=0.007). In addition, there was neither a significant association nor a consistent pattern between cognitive function and functional connectivity. CONCLUSIONS The increased connectivity might be a maladaptive phenomenon caused by disinhibition of neurons which may explain the direction of the results. This study suggests that detection of increased (local) carotid stiffness may be promising to identify a disturbance in the organisation of the functional brain network, even before clinical vascular pathology occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Nieboer
- Department of Methodology and Applied Biostatistics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Douw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bob W van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Methodology and Applied Biostatistics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carotid and Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158964. [PMID: 27434535 PMCID: PMC4951005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of plasma cholesterol in impairing arterial function and elasticity remains unclear. We evaluated arterial stiffness, measured locally in the common carotid artery by high-resolution echo-tracking, and aortic stiffness, using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) (the “gold-standard” measurement of arterial stiffness), in treatment-naive patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods The study included 66 patients with FH (10–66 years old) and 57 first-degree relatives without FH (11–61 years old). Carotid-femoral PWV was determined by SphygmoCor (AtCor, Australia). The parameters of carotid stiffness β-index, Peterson elastic modulus and local PWV were assessed with regard to the common carotid artery at a distance of 1cm from the bifurcation (AlokaProsound Alpha7, Japan). Results FH patients showed significantly higher β-index (6.3(4.8–8.2) vs. 5.2(4.2–6.4), p = 0.005), Ep (78(53–111) kPa vs. 62(48–79) kPa, p = 0.006), local PWV (5.4(4.5–6.4) m/c vs. 4.7(4.2–5.4) m/c, p = 0.005), but comparable values of carotid-femoral PWV (6.76(7.0–7.92) m/c vs. 6.48(6.16–7.12) m/c, p = 0.138). Carotid arteries and the aorta stiffened with age in patients with FH, but after 30 years, carotid arteries stiffened more significantly than the aorta. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that treatment-naive patients with FH had stiffer carotid arteries than their relatives, but showed no difference in aortic stiffness. We also found out that the rate of reduction of elasticity of the aorta and carotid arteries in FH patients varies: it is observed earlier in carotid arteries than in the aorta.
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Acree LS, Montgomery PS, Gardner AW. The influence of obesity on arterial compliance in adult men and women. Vasc Med 2016; 12:183-8. [PMID: 17848474 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x07079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in large and small arterial compliance existed among normal weight, overweight, and obese older men and women, and whether large and small arterial compliance were associated with abdominal, hip, and subcutaneous fat distribution. A total of 134 individuals who were 40 years of age and older (age = 62 ± 11 years; mean ± SD) were grouped into normal weight (BMI: 18.5—24.9 kg/m2; n = 33), overweight (BMI: 25.0—29.9 kg/m2; n = 48), or obese (BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2; n = 53) categories. The hemodynamic and arterial compliance measurements were obtained using the HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 CardioVascular Profiling System (Hypertension Diagnostics, Inc). Body mass index, nine-site sum of skinfolds, and circumference measures around the hip and waist were used for analysis. Large and small arterial compliance was lower (p < 0.001) in the obese group (12.4 ± 4.8 ml/mmHg × 10 vs 4.6 ± 2.5 ml/mmHg × 100, respectively) than the normal weight (16.2 ± 4.9 ml/mmHg × 10 vs 5.5 ± 2.7 ml/mmHg × 100) and overweight (15.2 ± 4.3 ml/mmHg × 10 vs 5.0 ± 2.2 ml/mmHg × 100) groups. This difference remained (p < 0.001) after adjusting for body surface area, sex, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, large arterial compliance correlated (p < 0.05) with sum of skinfolds (r = — 0.209), while small arterial compliance correlated with hip circumference (r = — 0.189). Arterial compliance measures were not related (p > 0.05) to waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. In conclusion, obesity was associated with a decrease in large and small arterial compliance independent of conventional risk factors. Additionally, subcutaneous fat and fat around the hips were inversely related to arterial compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Acree
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Associations of food consumption, serum vitamins and metabolic syndrome risk with physical activity level in middle-aged adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:1674-83. [PMID: 26883125 PMCID: PMC4873940 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of food consumption, serum vitamins and metabolic syndrome risk with physical activity level in middle-aged adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. SUBJECTS Adults aged 40-70 years were divided into three groups by tertile of accelerometer-determined steps/d (in men and women, respectively): tertile 1 (sedentary), <6802, <5785; tertile 2 (intermediate), 6802-10698, 5785-9225; tertile 3 (active), ≥10699, ≥9226. RESULTS The active men consumed more grain products, fruits and vegetables, whereas the active women consumed more legumes and vegetables, compared with the sedentary group. Serum vitamin concentrations were associated with daily steps in both men and women. Vitamin C, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene, γ-tocopherol and vitamin D were significantly associated with daily steps. OR (P<0·05) for the sedentary group were 1·52 and 1·61 for low HDL cholesterol, 1·66 and 3·97 for hypertriacylglycerolaemia, 1·02 and 2·73 for abdominal obesity, 1·79 and 1·77 for hyperglycaemia, 1·59 and 1·60 for hypertension, and 1·85 and 2·47 for metabolic syndrome in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Those with the highest steps taken showed a more healthful eating profile and a better serum vitamin profile compared with less active adults. Those with the lowest steps taken had greater odds of having metabolic syndrome and its risk components. Probably, daily walking is a marker of a healthful eating profile and increasing daily walking is one of the healthful ways to decrease the metabolic syndrome and its risk components.
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Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 133:e38-360. [PMID: 26673558 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3722] [Impact Index Per Article: 413.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bando S, Fukuda D, Soeki T, Nishimoto S, Uematsu E, Matsuura T, Ise T, Tobiume T, Yamaguchi K, Yagi S, Iwase T, Yamada H, Wakatsuki T, Shimabukuro M, Sata M. Expression of NLRP3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fischer K, Moewes D, Koch M, Müller HP, Jacobs G, Kassubek J, Lieb W, Nöthlings U. MRI-determined total volumes of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal and trunk adipose tissue are differentially and sex-dependently associated with patterns of estimated usual nutrient intake in a northern German population. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:794-807. [PMID: 25833977 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAAT) and trunk (STRAT) adipose tissue (AT) have been suggested to be differentially influenced by diet. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether and to what extent usual patterns of nutrient intake are associated with VAT, SAAT, and STRAT compared with nondietary predictors in northern German adults (n = 583). DESIGN AT volumes were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Nutrient intake was estimated by a 112-item food-frequency questionnaire linked to the German Food Code and Nutrient Database. Exploratory nutrient patterns were derived by principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares regression (PLS) of 87 nutrients. Cross-sectional associations between nutrient patterns, single nutrients, or total energy intake and AT compartments were analyzed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS Next to sex and age, respectively, which were important nondietary predictors and accounted for more of the variation in VAT (∼13% and ∼4%) than in SAAT or STRAT (both 4-7% and <1%), variation in VAT (16.8% or 17.6%) was explained to a greater extent by 9 or 2 nutrient patterns derived by principal components analysis or partial least-squares regression, respectively, than was variation in SAAT (10.6% or 8.2%) or STRAT (11.5% or 8.6%). Whereas VAT (16.6%) was primarily explained by nutrient quality, SAAT (6.9%) and STRAT (7.4%) were mainly explained by total energy intake. VAT was positively associated with nutrients characteristic of animal (except for dairy) products, including arachidonic acid (standardized β: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.34; P < 0.0001), but negatively with dietary fiber, including polypentoses (standardized β: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.09; P < 0.0001), and nutrients found in milk. The direction and strength of many associations, however, depended strongly on sex and adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSION VAT may be particularly associated with sex-specific interplays of nutrients found in animal products and fiber, whereas SAAT and STRAT are associated with total energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Fischer
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Daniela Moewes
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Manja Koch
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Hans-Peter Müller
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Gunnar Jacobs
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Jan Kassubek
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (KF, DM, and UN); the Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (MK and WL); the Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H-PM and JK); and PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (GJ)
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Yun BH, Chon SJ, Lee YJ, Han EJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS, Seo SK. Association of metabolic syndrome with coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2014; 18:284-9. [PMID: 25233795 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.960384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the possible association of metabolic syndrome with arterial stiffness and coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic, postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 293 non-diabetic, postmenopausal women who visited the health promotion center for a routine health check-up were included in a cross-sectional study. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and coronary atherosclerosis was detected using 64-row multi-detector computed tomography. RESULTS Women with coronary atherosclerosis had a significantly higher proportion of metabolic syndrome than those without coronary atherosclerosis. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in women who had metabolic syndrome compared to those who had no metabolic syndrome (1567.71 ± 211.81 vs. 1336.75 ± 159.62 cm/s, p < 0.001). In addition, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was shown to increase with increasing number of metabolic syndrome components (p for trend < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 2.38; 95% confidence interval 1.01-5.06), after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Increased arterial stiffness may partly explain an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Yun
- * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Abstract
The ever growing prevalence of childhood obesity is being accompanied by an increase in the pediatric population of diseases once believed to be exclusive of the adulthood such as the metabolic syndrome (MS). The MS has been defined as the link between insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and other metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adults. In this review, we will discuss the peculiar aspects of the pediatric MS and the role of novel molecules and biomarkers in its pathogenesis.
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Laurent S, Boutouyrie P. Dose-dependent arterial destiffening and inward remodeling after olmesartan in hypertensives with metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2014; 64:709-16. [PMID: 25001274 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether angiotensin receptor blockers can dose-dependently remodel the arterial wall during long-term treatment has been largely debated. In this phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 133 subjects with hypertension and metabolic syndrome were assigned to olmesartan, either 20 mg (n=44), 40 mg (n=42), or 80 mg (n=47) once a day, according to a force titration design during a 1-year period. Office blood pressure, 24-hour blood pressure, aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), and carotid parameters were measured at baseline, 24 weeks, and 52 weeks. Pulse wave velocity significantly decreased (P<0.001) with time in each group, with no significant time-dose interaction, despite a tendency (P=0.0685) for a smaller effect of 20 mg, compared with 40 and 80 mg at week 52. When the 40 and 80 mg doses were combined (40/80 mg versus 20 mg), a significant blood pressure-independent reduction in pulse wave velocity (-0.61 m/s) was observed at week 52 (P=0.0066), whereas the nonadjusted reduction was -1.31 m/s (P<0.0001). By contrast, after 20 mg, the blood pressure-independent reduction in pulse wave velocity was not significant. Patients receiving the highest dose of olmesartan (40 and 80 mg) had an inward carotid remodeling and were shifted toward a lower elastic modulus at a given circumferential wall stress, indicating an improvement in the intrinsic elastic properties of the carotid artery wall material. These data suggest that 40 and 80 mg olmesartan were able to significantly remodel and destiffen the arterial wall material during long-term treatment, partly independently of blood pressure, compared with 20 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Laurent
- From the Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.); INSERM U970, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.); and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.).
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- From the Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.); INSERM U970, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.); and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (S.L., P.B.)
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Armstrong MJ, Hazlehurst JM, Hull D, Guo K, Borrows S, Yu J, Gough SC, Newsome PN, Tomlinson JW. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin resistance and lipolysis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:651-60. [PMID: 24962805 PMCID: PMC4190688 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic insulin resistance (IR) is a primary feature in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, there remain limited data on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in vivo. METHODS We examined tissue-specific (adipose, muscle and liver) insulin sensitivity and inflammation in 16 European Caucasian patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH and in 15 healthy controls. All underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp incorporating stable isotope measurements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with concomitant subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) microdialysis. RESULTS Hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity were decreased in patients with NASH compared with controls, as demonstrated by reduced suppression of hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal (Gd) rates following insulin infusion. In addition, rates of lipolysis were higher in NASH patients with impaired insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acid levels. At a tissue specific level, abdominal SAT in patients with NASH was severely insulin resistant, requiring >sixfold more insulin to cause ½-maximal suppression of glycerol release when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with NASH had significantly higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines than controls. CONCLUSION NASH patients have profound IR in the liver, muscle and in particular adipose tissues. This study represents the first in vivo description of dysfunctional SAT in patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Armstrong
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Matthew J. Armstrong, Wellcome Trust Research Fellow & Hepatology Registrar, NIHR Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, 5th Floor IBR, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK. E-mail:
| | - J M Hazlehurst
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - D Hull
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - K Guo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S Borrows
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham, UK
| | - J Yu
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S C Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford, UK
| | - P N Newsome
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - J W Tomlinson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129:e28-e292. [PMID: 24352519 PMCID: PMC5408159 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3511] [Impact Index Per Article: 351.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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van de Laar RJ, Stehouwer CD, Prins MH, van Mechelen W, Twisk JW, Ferreira I. Self-reported time spent watching television is associated with arterial stiffness in young adults: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Br J Sports Med 2013; 48:256-64. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Huang RC, Beilin LJ, Ayonrinde O, Mori TA, Olynyk JK, Burrows S, Hands B, Adams LA. Importance of cardiometabolic risk factors in the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial stiffness in adolescents. Hepatology 2013; 58:1306-14. [PMID: 23703776 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In adults, NAFLD is a determinant of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk, independent of the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to ascertain if NAFLD is associated with arterial stiffness, independent of cardiometabolic factors in a population-based cohort of adolescents. The 17-year-olds (n = 964) from an Australian birth cohort had measures of anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, and NAFLD by ultrasound. Two-step cluster analysis identified youth at high metabolic risk. Measures of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and augmentation index corrected for heart rate [AI@75]) were obtained using applanation tonometry. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 13.3%. The "high risk" metabolic cluster at age 17 years included 16% males and 19% females. Compared to "low risk," the "high risk" cluster participants had greater waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, systolic blood pressure, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (all P < 0.0001). Those who had NAFLD but were not in the "high risk" metabolic cluster did not have increased PWV or AI@75. However, males and females who had NAFLD in the presence of the metabolic cluster had greater PWV (b = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.38, P = 0.037). Males who had NAFLD in the presence of the metabolic cluster had greater AI@75 (b = 6.3, 95% CI 1.9 to 10.7, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION NAFLD is only associated with increased arterial stiffness in the presence of the "high risk" metabolic cluster. This suggests that arterial stiffness related to the presence of NAFLD is predicated on the presence of an adverse metabolic profile in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae-Chi Huang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia (UWA), Nedlands, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, UWA, Nedlands, Australia
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Safar ME. Hypertension in Elderly Diabetic Subjects. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-013-0335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pahkala K, Laitinen TT, Heinonen OJ, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Niinikoski H, Helajärvi H, Juonala M, Simell O, Raitakari OT. Association of fitness with vascular intima-media thickness and elasticity in adolescence. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e77-84. [PMID: 23753102 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular intima-media thickness (IMT) and elasticity are surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Data on the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on these measures of vascular health in adolescence are scarce. The aim was to examine the association of fitness with aortic and carotid artery IMT and elasticity in adolescents. METHODS Aortic (n = 449) and carotid (n = 467) IMT and elasticity were measured ultrasonographically in 17-year-old adolescents participating in a prospective, longitudinal atherosclerosis prevention study (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project). Distensibility and Young's elastic modulus (YEM) were used as measures of arterial elasticity. Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen uptake, mL/kg/min) was measured with a maximal cycle ergometer test. Data on fitness were available for 341 of adolescents with aortic and 355 with carotid ultrasound measures. RESULTS Fitness was inversely associated with aortic IMT (β[SE] = -0.0029[0.0013]; P = .031) and YEM (β[SE] = -0.012[0.0053]; P = .025) after adjusting for gender, physical activity, high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and smoking. Risk of having low aortic distensibility (≤10th percentile) decreased with increasing fitness (odds ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.98); P = .014). The increase in aortic IMT and YEM between ages 11 and 17 years was smaller in adolescents who were fit at age 17 compared with adolescents who had the lowest fitness level (P for IMT = .015, P for YEM = .0072). Fitness was not associated with carotid IMT or elasticity. Lifestyle counseling given in the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project was not associated with fitness. CONCLUSIONS Fitness was favorably associated with aortic IMT and elasticity in adolescents. No association of fitness with the respective carotid indices was found. These data suggest that fitness in part enhances vascular health in healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Body fat distribution and insulin resistance. Nutrients 2013; 5:2019-27. [PMID: 23739143 PMCID: PMC3725490 DOI: 10.3390/nu5062019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of obesity has increased globally over the last few decades and its association with insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic problems have adversely affected our ability to reduce population morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, adipose tissue in the visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in the development of insulin resistance. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of subcutaneous truncal/abdominal adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in the functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal vs. intraabdominal vs. gluteo-femoral fat depots. More recently, mounting evidence has been supporting the role of adipose tissue function in the development of metabolic complications independent of adipose tissue volume or distribution. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger a vicious cycle of inflammation leading to subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction and ectopic fat deposition. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice to improve adipose tissue function and avoid development of insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic complications.
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Kim JK, Ju YS, Moon SJ, Song YR, Kim HJ, Kim SG. High pulse pressure and metabolic syndrome are associated with proteinuria in young adult women. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:45. [PMID: 23433013 PMCID: PMC3610196 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and metabolic syndrome play causative roles in the increasing prevalence of proteinuria in the general population. However, in young adult women the clinical significance of incidentally discovered proteinuria and its association with metabolic syndrome are unclear. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for proteinuria in this population. Methods A total of 10,385 women aged 20 to 39 years who underwent health screenings were surveyed. Each patient was tested for proteinuria with a dipstick (−, ±, 1+, 2+, or 3+), and proteinuria was defined as 1+ or greater. Persistent proteinuria was established by confirming proteinuria in a subsequent test. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asia. Results The mean age was 28.9 ± 5.5 years, and the prevalence of persistent proteinuria was 1.0%. Among these subjects with persistent proteinuria, obesity and metabolic syndrome were found in 10.4% and 5.2%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome, as well as its components of hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity, low high-density lipoprotein levels, and high triglyceride levels, was closely related to the presence of proteinuria. In addition, a wide pulse pressure of ≥40 mmHg was another independent risk factor for proteinuria [odds ratio (OR) 3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–11.91)]. This had an additive effect on metabolic syndrome in terms of predicting proteinuria. Even in subjects without metabolic syndrome, the influence of an increased pulse pressure was consistent (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.03–8.61). Conclusions Specific attention to proteinuria may be necessary in asymptomatic young women aged 20 to 39 years if they have metabolic syndrome or a wide pulse pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, 896, Pyeongchon-dong, Anyang-si 431-070, Dongan-gu, Korea
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Brouwer SI, Stolk RP, Liem ET, Lemmink KAPM, Corpeleijn E. The role of fitness in the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk from childhood to adolescence. Pediatr Diabetes 2013; 14:57-65. [PMID: 22830519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatness and fitness both influence cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether childhood fatness and increasing fatness from childhood to adolescence are associated with cardiometabolic risk during adolescence and how fitness affects this association. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Of 565 adolescents (283 boys and 282 girls) from the TRacking Adolescents Individual Life Survey (TRAILS) data on anthropometric parameters (age 11 and 16), metabolic parameters, and fitness (age 16) were available. Body mass index and skinfolds were used as measures for fatness. Increasing fatness was calculated by subtracting Z-scores for fatness at age 11 from Z-score fatness at age 16. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated as the average of the standardized means of mean arterial pressure, fasting serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glucose, and waist circumference. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Fitness was estimated as maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2) max) during a shuttle run test. RESULTS Boys showed a higher clustered cardiometabolic risk when compared to girls (p < 0.01). Childhood fatness (age 11) and increasing fatness were independently associated with cardiometabolic risk during adolescence. In boys, high fitness was related to a reduced effect of increasing fatness on clustered cardiometabolic risk. Childhood fatness, increasing fatness, and fitness were independently associated with HOMA-IR. Moreover, in boys this association was dependent of fatness. CONCLUSIONS Childhood fatness and increasing fatness are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and HOMA-IR during adolescence, but a good fitness attenuates this association especially in fat boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I Brouwer
- Hanze University of applied sciences Groningen, School of Sport studies, Groningen, 9747, The Netherlands.
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De Ciuceis C, Rossini C, Porteri E, La Boria E, Corbellini C, Mittempergher F, Di Betta E, Petroboni B, Sarkar A, Agabiti-Rosei C, Casella C, Nascimbeni R, Rezzani R, Rodella LF, Bonomini F, Agabiti-Rosei E, Rizzoni D. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, microvascular density and fibrosis in obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Blood Press 2013; 22:165-72. [PMID: 23286244 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2012.749584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is not known whether, in obesity, the capillary density or the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are reduced, or whether fibrosis of small vessels is also present. In addition, possible effects of weight reduction on these parameters have never been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated EPCs and capillary density in 25 patients with severe obesity, all submitted to bariatric surgery, and in 18 normotensive lean subjects and 12 hypertensive lean patients as controls. All patients underwent a biopsy of subcutaneous fat during bariatric surgery. In five patients, a second biopsy was obtained after consistent weight loss, about 1 year later, during a surgical intervention for abdominoplasty. EPCs and capillary density were reduced in obesity, and EPCs were significantly increased after weight reduction. Vascular collagen content was clearly increased in obese patients. No significant difference in vascular collagen was observed between normotensive obese patients and hypertensive obese patients. After pronounced weight reduction, collagen content was nearly normalized. No difference in stress-strain relation was observed among groups or before and after weight loss. In conclusion, our data suggest that microvascular rarefaction occurs in obesity. EPCs were significantly reduced in obese patients. Pronounced weight loss induced by bariatric surgery seems to induce a significant improvement of EPC number, but not of capillary rarefaction. A pronounced fibrosis of subcutaneous small resistance arteries is present in obese patients, regardless of the presence of increased blood pressure values. Consistent weight loss induced by bariatric surgery may induce an almost complete regression of microvascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina De Ciuceis
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
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Patel P, Abate N. Role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. J Obes 2013; 2013:489187. [PMID: 23691287 PMCID: PMC3649613 DOI: 10.1155/2013/489187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Burden of obesity has increased significantly in the United States over last few decades. Association of obesity with insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic problems is well established. Traditionally, adipose tissue in visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in development of insulin resistance. However, growing body of the literature has suggested that adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat depot, not only due to larger volume but also due to inherent functional characteristics, can have significant impact on development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal versus gluteofemoral depots. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger vicious cycle of inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and subsequent ectopic fat deposition. It is important to shift focus from fat content to functional heterogeneity in adipose tissue depots to better understand the relative role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolic complications of obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice at any level of increased adiposity. Future pharmaceutical interventions aimed at improving adipose tissue function in various subcutaneous depots have potential to help maintain adequate insulin sensitivity and reduce risk for development of insulin resistance complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
- *Nicola Abate:
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