1
|
Zhang Z, Luo R, Kelly WK, Chen J, Donahue S, Ip K, Handley NR, Tester WJ, Tsang ML, Kim FJ, Myers R, Lu-Yao G, Gu J, Lin J, Li B, Wang C, Yang H. Prostein expression on circulating tumor cells as a prognostic marker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:339-347. [PMID: 38057610 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of emerging molecular biomarkers on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an attractive feature of liquid biopsy that facilitates precision and tailored medicine in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Prostein is an androgen-regulated transmembrane protein with high prostate specificity. Prostein-positive circulating tumor cell (CTC) was recently suggested to have diagnostic potential; however, no study has been conducted to evaluate its prognostic value in mCRPC. METHODS CTCs from mCRPC patients were enumerated using the CellSearch System. Prostein-positive CTCs were identified by immunostaining results. The relationships between prostein expression on CTCs and PSA response rate, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), radiographic progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were tested by Fisher's exact test or evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox analyses. RESULTS Prostein-positive CTCs were identified in 31 of 87 baseline samples from mCRPC patients and 16 of 51 samples collected at the first follow-up visit. PSA response rates were significantly lower in baseline prostein-positive patients (0%, 0/31) than in prostein-negative patients (19.6%, 11/56) (p = 0.007). The 31 prostein-positive patients had significantly shorter PSA-PFS (p < 0.001), radiographic PFS (p < 0.001), and OS (p = 0.018), compared to the 56 prostein-negative patients at baseline. The association with PSA-PFS maintained its significance (p = 0.028) in multivariate analyses. Analyzing prostein expression at the first follow-up as well as the conversion of prostein expression from baseline to follow-up samples not only confirmed the association with PSA-PFS, but also demonstrated prognostic significance with OS. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence to support the potential of prostein expression on CTCs to serve as a novel prognostic marker in mCRPC patients. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joshua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Shane Donahue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kevan Ip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Nathan R Handley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William J Tester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Miranda L Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ronald Myers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Grace Lu-Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Medicine, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baboudjian M, Peyrottes A, Dariane C, Fromont G, Denis JA, Fiard G, Kassab D, Ladoire S, Lehmann-Che J, Ploussard G, Rouprêt M, Barthélémy P, Roubaud G, Lamy PJ. Circulating Biomarkers Predictive of Treatment Response in Patients with Hormone-sensitive or Castration-resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00132-9. [PMID: 38824003 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) harbors genomic alterations that may predict targeted therapy efficacy. These alterations can be identified not only in tissue but also directly in biologic fluids (ie, liquid biopsies), mainly blood. Liquid biopsies may represent a safer and less invasive alternative for monitoring patients treated for mPCa. Current research focuses on the description and validation of novel predictive biomarkers to improve precision medicine in mPCa. Our aim was to systematically review the current evidence on liquid biopsy biomarkers for predicting treatment response in mPCa. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Web of Science, and evidence-based websites for publications on circulating biomarkers in mPCa between March 2013 and February 2024 for review. Endpoints were: prediction of overall survival, biochemical or radiographic progression-free survival after treatment (chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, androgen receptor pathway inhibitors [ARPIs], immunotherapy, or PARP inhibitors [PARPIs]). For each biomarker, the level of evidence (LOE) for clinical validity was attributed: LOE IA and IB, high level of evidence; LOE IIB and IIC, intermediate level; and LOE IIIC and LOE IV-VD, weak level. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS The predictive value of each biomarker for the response to several therapies was evaluated in both metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In patients with mCRPC, BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations predicted response to ARPIs (LOE IB) and PARPIs (LOE IIB), while AR-V7 transcripts or AR-V7 protein levels in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicted response to ARPIs and taxanes (LOE IB). CTC quantification predicted response to cabazitaxel, abiraterone, and radium-223 (LOE IIB), while TP53 alterations predicted response to 177Lu prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand treatment (LOE IIB). AR copy number in circulating tumor DNA before the first treatment line and before subsequent lines predicted response to docetaxel, cabazitaxel, and ARPIs (LOE IIB). In mHSPC, DNA damage in lymphocytes was predictive of the response to radium-223 (LOE IIB). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS BRCA1/2, ATM, and AR alterations detected in liquid biopsies may help clinicians in management of patients with mPCa. The other circulating biomarkers did not reach the LOE required for routine clinical use and should be validated in prospective independent studies. PATIENT SUMMARY We reviewed studies assessing the value of biomarkers in blood or urine for management of metastatic prostate cancer. The evidence indicates that some biomarkers could help in selecting patients eligible for specific treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baboudjian
- Department of Urology, North Academic Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Arthur Peyrottes
- Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles Dariane
- Department of Urology, European Hospital Georges-Pompidou, University Paris Cité, Paris, France; UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253 Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- INSERM UMR1069, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France; Department of Pathology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre Denis
- INSERM UMR_S938, CRSA, Biologie et Thérapeutiques du Cancer, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Oncobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Fiard
- Department of Urology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, University of Grenoble Alpes CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Dijon, France; INSERM U1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- INSERM U976, Immunologie Humaine, Pathophysiologie, Immunothérapie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; UF Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ploussard
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, Quint-Fonsegrives, France; Department of Urology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guilhem Roubaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Biopathologie et Génétique des Cancers, Institut Médical d'Analyse Génomique, Imagenome, Inovie, Montpellier, France; Unité de Recherche Clinique, Clinique Beausoleil, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan XH, Jin GB, Yang Q, Hu JL, Liu ZL, Rao J, Wen C, Li PL, Yang XM, Huang B, Wang XZ. Novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis mediates the Warburg effect and proliferation of colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2038-2059. [PMID: 38764836 PMCID: PMC11099460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer (CC) cell proliferation, but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated. AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b. The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated. Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays. The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays. RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC, including stage I, II-III, and IV. Furthermore, the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification. HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells. However, the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b, effectively blocking the Warburg effect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Wan
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Bing Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Long Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Science and Education Section, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Can Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Peng-Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Mei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Children’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu HE, Vuppalapaty M, Hoerner CR, Bergstrom CP, Chiu M, Lemaire C, Che J, Kaur A, Dimmick A, Liu S, Metzner TJ, Araya M, Crouse S, Sprenger-Haussels M, Schlumpberger M, Leppert JT, Hauch S, Sollier E, Fan AC. Detecting androgen receptor (AR), AR variant 7 (AR-V7), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene expression in CTCs and plasma exosome-derived cfRNA in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by integrating the VTX-1 CTC isolation system with the QIAGEN AdnaTest. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:482. [PMID: 38627648 PMCID: PMC11022466 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) include targeting the androgen receptor (AR) with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Having the ability to detect AR, AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7), or PSMA in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating exosomal cell-free RNA (cfRNA) could be helpful to guide selection of the appropriate therapy for each individual patient. The Vortex Biosciences VTX-1 system is a label-free CTC isolation system that enables the detection of the expression of multiple genes in both CTCs and exosomal cfRNA from the same blood sample in patients with mCRPC. Detection of both AR-V7 and PSMA gene expression in both CTCs and cfRNA simultaneously has not yet been reported. METHODS To characterize the combined VTX-1-AdnaDetect workflow, 22Rv1 cancer cells were spiked into blood from healthy donors and processed with the VTX-1 to mimic patient samples and assess performances (capture efficiency, purity, AR and AR-V7 expression). Then, we collected 19 blood samples from 16 patients with mCRPC and therapeutic resistance to androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). Plasma was separated and the plasma-depleted blood was processed further with the VTX-1 to collect CTCs. Both plasma exosomal cfRNA and CTCs were subsequently analyzed for AR, AR-V7, PSMA, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA expression using the AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 assay. RESULTS AR-V7 expression could be detected in 22Rv1 cells spiked into blood from healthy volunteers as well as in CTCs and plasma-derived exosomal cfRNA from patients with mCRPC by processing blood with the VTX-1 CTC isolation system followed by the AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 assay. 94.7% of patient blood samples (18/19) had detectable AR expression in either CTCs or exosomal cfRNA (16 in CTCs, 12 in cfRNA). 15.8% of the 19 patient blood samples (3/19) were found to have AR-V7-positive (AR-V7+) CTCs, one of which was also AR-V7+ in the exosomal cfRNA analysis. 42.1% of patient blood samples (8/19) were found to be PSMA positive (PSMA+): 26.3% (5/19) were PSMA+ in the CTC analysis and 31.6% (6/19) were PSMA+ in the exosomal cfRNA analysis. Of those 8 PSMA+ samples, 2 had detectable PSMA only in CTCs, and 3 had detectable PSMA only in exosomal cfRNA. CONCLUSION VTX-1 enables isolation of CTCs and plasma exosomes from a single blood draw and can be used for detecting AR-V7 and PSMA mRNA in both CTCs and cfRNA in patients with mCRPC and resistance to ARIs. This technology facilitates combining RNA measurements in CTCs and exosomal cfRNA for future studies to develop potentially clinically relevant cancer biomarker detection in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian R Hoerner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin P Bergstrom
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Liu
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Metzner
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Menna Araya
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva KCS, Tambwe N, Mahfouz DH, Wium M, Cacciatore S, Paccez JD, Zerbini LF. Transcription Factors in Prostate Cancer: Insights for Disease Development and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:450. [PMID: 38674385 PMCID: PMC11050257 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins essential for the regulation of gene expression, and they regulate the genes involved in different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Although their expression is essential in normal physiological conditions, abnormal regulation of TFs plays critical role in several diseases, including cancer. In prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, TFs are known to play crucial roles in the initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy of the disease. Understanding the interplay between these TFs and their downstream targets provides insights into the molecular basis of prostate cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of key TFs, including the E26 Transformation-Specific (ETS) Family (ERG and SPDEF), NF-κB, Activating Protein-1 (AP-1), MYC, and androgen receptor (AR), in prostate cancer while focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer development. We also discuss emerging diagnostic strategies, early detection, and risk stratification using TFs. Furthermore, we explore the development of therapeutic interventions targeting TF pathways, including the use of small molecule inhibitors, gene therapies, and immunotherapies, aimed at disrupting oncogenic TF signaling and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the complex regulation of TFs in prostate cancer provides valuable insights into disease biology, which ultimately may lead to advancing precision approaches for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla C. S. Silva
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Nadine Tambwe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dalia H. Mahfouz
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Juliano D. Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Luiz F. Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halabi S, Guo S, Park JJ, Nanus DM, George DJ, Antonarakis ES, Danila DC, Szmulewitz RZ, McDonnell DP, Norris JD, Lu C, Luo J, Armstrong AJ. The Impact of Circulating Tumor Cell HOXB13 RNA Detection in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Treated with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1152-1159. [PMID: 38236581 PMCID: PMC10947837 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE HOXB13 is an androgen receptor (AR) coregulator specifically expressed in cells of prostatic lineage. We sought to associate circulating tumor cell (CTC) HOXB13 expression with outcomes in men with mCRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a retrospective analysis of the multicenter prospective PROPHECY trial of mCRPC men (NCT02269982, n = 118) treated with abiraterone/enzalutamide. CTC detection and HOXB13 complementary DNA (cDNA) expression was measured using a modified Adnatest, grouping patients into 3 categories: CTC 0 (undetectable); CTC+ HOXB13 CTC low (<4 copies); or CTC+ HOXB13 CTC high. The HOXB13 threshold was determined by maximally selected rank statistics for prognostic associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS We included 102 men with sufficient CTC HOXB13 cDNA, identifying 25%, 31%, and 44% of patients who were CTC 0, CTC+ HOXB13 low, and CTC+ HOXB13 high, respectively. Median OS were 25.7, 27.8, and 12.1 months whereas the median PFS were 9.0, 7.7, and 3.8 months, respectively. In subgroup analysis among men with CellSearch CTCs ≥5 copies/mL and adjusting for prior abi/enza treatment and Halabi clinical risk score, the multivariate HR for HOXB13 CTC detection was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.06-5.40) for OS and 2.78 (95% CI, 1.38-5.59) for PFS, respectively. Low HOXB13 CTC detection was associated with lower CTC PSA, PSMA, AR-FL, and AR-V7 detection, and more liver/lung metastases (41% vs. 25%). CONCLUSIONS Higher CTC HOXB13 expression is associated with AR-dependent biomarkers in CTCs and is adversely prognostic in the context of potent AR inhibition in men with mCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Halabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Siyuan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph J Park
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Nanus
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel J George
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Daniel Costin Danila
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John D Norris
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Duke Prostate and Urologic Cancer Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murray NP. Biomarkers of minimal residual disease and treatment. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:33-70. [PMID: 38514211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) has been defined as a very small numbers of cancer cells that remain in the body after curative treatment. Its presence or absence will ultimately determine prognosis. With the introduction of new technologies the presence of MRD in patients with solid tumours can be detected and characterized. As MRD predicts future relapse, be it early or late treatment failure, in an otherwise asymptomatic patient its treatment and when to start treatment remains to be determined. Thus the concepts of personalized medicine using different biomarkers to classify the biological properties of MRD maybe come possible. Based on this determinations it may be possible to use targeted therapies rather than all patients with the same type of cancer receiving a standard treatment. However, it is important to understand the limitations of the different technologies, what these techniques are detecting and how they may help in the treatment of patients with cancer. The majority of published studies are in patients with metastatic cancer and there are few reports in patients with MRD. In this chapter the concept of MRD, the methods used to detect it and what treatments may be effective based on the biological characteristics of the tumour cells as determined by different biomarkers is reviewed. MRD depends on the phenotypic properties of the tumour cells to survive in their new environment and the anti-tumour immune response. This is a dynamic process and changes with time in the wake of immunosuppression caused by the tumour cells and/or the effects of treatment to select resistant tumour cells. With the use of biomarkers to typify the characteristics of MRD and the development of new drugs a personalized treatment can be designed rather than all patients given the same treatment. Patients who are initially negative for MRD may not require further treatment with liquid biopsies used to monitor the patients during follow-up in order to detect those patients who may become MRD positive. The liquid biopsy used during the follow up of MRD positive patients can be used to detect changes in the biological properties of the tumour cells and thus may need treatment changes to overcome tumour cell resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Murray
- Minimal Residual Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shishido SN, Hart O, Jeong S, Moriarty A, Heeke D, Rossi J, Bot A, Kuhn P. Liquid biopsy approach to monitor the efficacy and response to CAR-T cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007329. [PMID: 38350684 PMCID: PMC10862257 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are approved for use in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (YESCARTA) and brexucabtagene autoleucel (TECARTUS) genetically modified autologous T cells expressing an anti-CD19 scFv based on the FMC63 clone have shown impressive response rates for the treatment of CD19+B cell malignancies, but there remain challenges in monitoring long-term persistence as well as the functional characterization of low-level persisting CAR-T cells in patients. Furthermore, due to CD19-negative driven relapse, having the capability to monitor patients with simultaneous detection of the B cell malignancy and persisting CAR-T cells in patient peripheral blood is important for ensuring timely treatment optionality and understanding relapse. METHODS This study demonstrates the development and technical validation of a comprehensive liquid biopsy, high-definition single cell assay (HDSCA)-HemeCAR for (1) KTE-X19 CAR-T cell identification and analysis and (2) simultaneously monitoring the CD19-epitope landscape on neoplastic B cells in cryopreserved or fresh peripheral blood. Proprietary anti-CD19 CAR reagents, healthy donor transduced CAR-T cells, and patient samples consisting of malignant B cell fractions from manufacturing were used for assay development. RESULTS The CAR-T assay showed an approximate limit of detection at 1 cell in 3 million with a sensitivity of 91%. Genomic analysis was additionally used to confirm the presence of the CAR transgene. This study additionally reports the successful completion of two B cell assays with multiple CD19 variants (FMC63 and LE-CD19) and a unique fourth channel biomarker (CD20 or CD22). In patient samples, we observed that CD19 isoforms were highly heterogeneous both intrapatient and interpatient. CONCLUSIONS With the simultaneous detection of the CAR-T cells and the B cell malignancy in patient peripheral blood, the HDSCA-HemeCAR workflow may be considered for risk monitoring and patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Olivia Hart
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sujin Jeong
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aidan Moriarty
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darren Heeke
- Kite A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - John Rossi
- Kite A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Adrian Bot
- Kite A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tien AH, Sadar MD. Treatments Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1817. [PMID: 38339092 PMCID: PMC10855698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. The complexity of endocrine regulation in breast cancer may allow the cancer cells to escape from a particular treatment and result in resistant and aggressive disease. These breast cancers usually have fewer treatment options. Targeted therapies for cancer patients may offer fewer adverse side effects because of specificity compared to conventional chemotherapy. Signaling pathways of nuclear receptors, such as the estrogen receptor (ER), have been intensively studied and used as therapeutic targets. Recently, the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer is gaining greater attention as a therapeutic target and as a prognostic biomarker. The expression of constitutively active truncated AR splice variants in breast cancer is a possible mechanism contributing to treatment resistance. Therefore, targeting both the full-length AR and AR variants, either through the activation or suppression of AR function, depending on the status of the ER, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, may provide additional treatment options. Studies targeting AR in combination with other treatment strategies are ongoing in clinical trials. The determination of the status of nuclear receptors to classify and identify patient subgroups will facilitate optimized and targeted combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Tien
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Marianne D. Sadar
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saylor PJ, Otani K, Balza R, Ukleja J, Pleskow H, Fisher R, Kusaka E, Otani YS, Badusi PO, Smith MR, Meneely E, Olivier K, Lowe AC, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Yeap BY, Lee RJ, Miyamoto DT. Circulating and Imaging Biomarkers of Radium-223 Response in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300230. [PMID: 38354328 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radium-223 improves overall survival (OS) and reduces skeletal events in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but relevant biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated automated bone scan index (aBSI) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analyses as potential biomarkers of prognosis and activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with bone metastatic CRPC were enrolled on a prospective single-arm study of standard radium-223. 99mTc-MDP bone scan images at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months were quantitated using aBSI. CTCs at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months were enumerated and assessed for RNA expression of prostate cancer-specific genes using microfluidic enrichment followed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The median OS was 21.3 months in 22 patients. Lower baseline aBSI and minimal change in aBSI (<+0.7) from baseline to 2 months were each associated with better OS (P = .00341 and P = .0139, respectively). The higher baseline CTC count of ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL was associated with worse OS (median, 10.1 v 32.9 months; P = .00568). CTCs declined at 2 months in four of 15 patients with detectable baseline CTCs. Among individual genes in CTCs, baseline expression of the splice variant AR-V7 was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, 5.20 [95% CI, 1.657 to 16.31]; P = .00195). Baseline detectable AR-V7, higher aBSI, and CTC count ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL continued to have a significant independent negative impact on OS after controlling for prostate-specific antigen or alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSION Quantitative bone scan assessment with aBSI and CTC analyses are prognostic markers in patients treated with radium-223. AR-V7 expression in CTCs is a particularly promising prognostic biomarker and warrants validation in larger cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Saylor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keisuke Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rene Balza
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacob Ukleja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Haley Pleskow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Kusaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yukako S Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthew R Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Meneely
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kara Olivier
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alarice C Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard J Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stracker TH, Osagie OI, Escorcia FE, Citrin DE. Exploiting the DNA Damage Response for Prostate Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:83. [PMID: 38201511 PMCID: PMC10777950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers that progress despite androgen deprivation develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer, a fatal disease with few treatment options. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate cancer subtypes and alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) that can predispose to the development of prostate cancer and affect its progression. We identify barriers to conventional treatments, such as radiotherapy, and discuss the development of new therapies, many of which target the DDR or take advantage of recurring genetic alterations in the DDR. We place this in the context of advances in understanding the genetic variation and immune landscape of CRPC that could help guide their use in future treatment strategies. Finally, we discuss several new and emerging agents that may advance the treatment of lethal disease, highlighting selected clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis H. Stracker
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Oloruntoba I. Osagie
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E. Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.I.O.); (F.E.E.); (D.E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stoecklein NH, Oles J, Franken A, Neubauer H, Terstappen LWMM, Neves RPL. Clinical application of circulating tumor cells. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023; 35:237-250. [PMID: 38835741 PMCID: PMC11110132 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis and its clinical significance in patients with epithelial cancers. The review explores the advancements in CTC detection methods, their clinical applications, and the challenges that lie ahead. By examining the important research findings in this field, this review offers the reader a solid foundation to understand the evolving landscape of CTC analysis and its potential implications for clinical practice. The comprehensive analysis of CTCs provides valuable insights into tumor biology, treatment response, minimal residual disease detection, and prognostic evaluation. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential of CTCs as a non-invasive biomarker for personalized medicine and the monitoring of treatment efficacy. Despite the progress made in CTC research, several challenges such as standardization, validation, and integration into routine clinical practice remain. The review concludes by discussing future directions and the potential impact of CTC analysis on improving patient outcomes and guiding therapeutic decision-making in epithelial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Julia Oles
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Andre Franken
- University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Hans Neubauer
- University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Rui P L Neves
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital and Medical Faculty Düsseldorf Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen JY, Wang PY, Liu MZ, Lyu F, Ma MW, Ren XY, Gao XS. Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer: From Diagnosis to Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3350. [PMID: 37958246 PMCID: PMC10649216 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a widespread malignancy with global significance, which substantially affects cancer-related mortality. Its spectrum varies widely, from slow-progressing cases to aggressive or even lethal forms. Effective patient stratification into risk groups is crucial to therapeutic decisions and clinical trials. This review examines a wide range of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, several of which are integrated into clinical guidelines, such as the PHI, the 4K score, PCA3, Decipher, and Prolaris. It also explores the emergence of novel biomarkers supported by robust preclinical evidence, including urinary miRNAs and isoprostanes. Genetic alterations frequently identified in PCa, including BRCA1/BRCA2, ETS gene fusions, and AR changes, are also discussed, offering insights into risk assessment and precision treatment strategies. By evaluating the latest developments and applications of PCa biomarkers, this review contributes to an enhanced understanding of their role in disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (J.-Y.C.); (F.L.); (M.-W.M.); (X.-Y.R.)
| | - Pei-Yan Wang
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China;
| | - Feng Lyu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (J.-Y.C.); (F.L.); (M.-W.M.); (X.-Y.R.)
| | - Ming-Wei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (J.-Y.C.); (F.L.); (M.-W.M.); (X.-Y.R.)
| | - Xue-Ying Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (J.-Y.C.); (F.L.); (M.-W.M.); (X.-Y.R.)
| | - Xian-Shu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (J.-Y.C.); (F.L.); (M.-W.M.); (X.-Y.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou Z, Qin J, Song C, Wu T, Quan Q, Zhang Y, Zou Y, Liu L, Tang H, Zhao J. circROBO1 promotes prostate cancer growth and enzalutamide resistance via accelerating glycolysis. J Cancer 2023; 14:2574-2584. [PMID: 37670963 PMCID: PMC10475366 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: As non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute to the progression of malignancies by regulating various biological processes. In prostate cancer, however, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the potential molecular pathways and roles of circRNAs. Methods: Loss-off function experiments were performed to investigate the potential biological function of circRNA in the progression of prostate cancer. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and IHC assay were used to examine the expression level of different genes or circRNAs. Further molecular biology experiments were conducted to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying circRNA in prostate cancer using dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results: A novel circRNA (hsa_circ_0124696, named circROBO1) was identified as a significantly upregulated circRNA in both prostate cancer cells and tissues. Suppression of circROBO1 significantly attenuated the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. In addition, we found that the knockdown of circROBO1 remarkably increased the sensitivity of prostate cancer to enzalutamide treatment. A deceleration in glycolysis rate was observed after inhibition of circROBO1, which could suppress prostate cancer growth and overcome resistance to enzalutamide. Our results revealed that circROBO1 promotes prostate cancer growth and enzalutamide resistance via accelerating glycolysis. Conclusion: Our study identified the biological role of the circROBO1-miR-556-5p-PGK1 axis in the growth and enzalutamide resistance of prostate cancer, which is the potential therapeutic target of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhou
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, 415003, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, 415003, China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changde, 415003, China
| | - Qiang Quan
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yani Zou
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The First People's Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, 236012, China
| | - Lingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Van-Duyne G, Blair IA, Sprenger C, Moiseenkova-Bell V, Plymate S, Penning TM. The androgen receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:439-481. [PMID: 37717994 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand (androgen) activated transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. It is required for male sex hormone function. AR-FL (full-length) has the domain structure of NRs, an N-terminal domain (NTD) required for transactivation, a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD). Paradoxes exist in that endogenous ligands testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have differential effects on male sexual development while binding to the same receptor and transcriptional specificity is achieved even though the androgen response elements (AREs) are identical to those seen for the progesterone, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. A high resolution 3-dimensional structure of AR-FL by either cryo-EM or X-ray crystallography has remained elusive largely due to the intrinsic disorder of the NTD. AR function is regulated by post-translational modification leading to a large number of proteoforms. The interaction of these proteoforms in multiprotein complexes with co-activators and co-repressors driven by interdomain coupling mediates the AR transcriptional output. The AR is a drug target for selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMS) that either have anabolic or androgenic effects. Protstate cancer is treated with androgen deprivation therapy or by the use of AR antagonists that bind to the LBD. Drug resistance occurs due to adaptive AR upregulation and the appearance of splice variants that lack the LBD and become constitutively active. Bipolar T treatment and NTD-antagonists could surmount these resistance mechanisms, respectively. These recent advances in AR signaling are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Van-Duyne
- Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cynthia Sprenger
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington and GRECC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Plymate
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington and GRECC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma Y, Gan J, Bai Y, Cao D, Jiao Y. Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview. Front Med 2023; 17:649-674. [PMID: 37707677 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jingbo Gan
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yinlei Bai
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seo J, Kumar M, Mason J, Blackhall F, Matsumoto N, Dive C, Hicks J, Kuhn P, Shishido SN. Plasticity of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11775. [PMID: 37479829 PMCID: PMC10362013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with low five-year survival rates. Recently described molecular phenotypes of SCLC exhibit differential vulnerabilities heralding potential for stratified treatment. Whilst tumor biopsy in SCLC is challenging, circulating tumor cells in the liquid biopsy are prevalent and can be repeatedly sampled accommodating the dynamic plasticity of SCLC phenotypes. The aim of this study was to characterize the heterogeneity of rare circulating cells with confirmed tumor origin and to explore a liquid biopsy approach for future clinical trials of targeted therapies. This study applied the 3rd generation of a previously validated direct imaging platform to 14 chemo-naive SCLC patients and 10 non-cancerous normal donor (ND) samples. Phenotypic heterogeneity of circulating rare cells in SCLC was observed and a patient-level classification model was established to stratify SCLC patients from non-cancerous donors. Eight rare cell groups, with combinations of epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal biomarker expression patterns, were phenotypically characterized. The single-cell genomic analysis confirmed the cancer cell plasticity in every rare cell group harboring clonal genomic alterations. This study shows rare cell heterogeneity and confirms cellular plasticity in SCLC providing a valuable resource for better opportunities to discover novel therapeutic targets in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Seo
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mihir Kumar
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Matsumoto
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University of Manchester and University College London, Manchester, UK
- CRUK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wüstmann N, Seitzer K, Humberg V, Vieler J, Grundmann N, Steinestel J, Tiedje D, Duensing S, Krabbe LM, Bögemann M, Schrader AJ, Bernemann C, Schlack K. Co-expression and clinical utility of AR-FL and AR splice variants AR-V3, AR-V7 and AR-V9 in prostate cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:37. [PMID: 37016463 PMCID: PMC10074820 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants (AR-Vs) have been discussed as a biomarker in prostate cancer (PC). However, some reports question the predictive property of AR-Vs. From a mechanistic perspective, the connection between AR full length (AR-FL) and AR-Vs is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the dependence of AR-FL and AR-V expression levels on AR gene activity. Additionally, we intended to comprehensively analyze presence of AR-FL and three clinically relevant AR-Vs (AR-V3, AR-V7 and AR-V9) in different stages of disease, especially with respect to clinical utility in PC patients undergoing AR targeted agent (ARTA) treatment. METHODS AR-FL and AR-V levels were analyzed in PC and non-PC cell lines upon artificial increase of AR pre-mRNA using either drug treatment or AR gene activation. Furthermore, expression of AR-FL and AR-Vs was determined in PC specimen at distinct stages of disease (primary (n = 10) and metastatic tissues (n = 20), liquid biopsy samples (n = 422), mCRPC liquid biopsy samples of n = 96 patients starting novel treatment). Finally, baseline AR-FL and AR-V status was correlated with clinical outcome in a defined cohort of n = 65 mCRPC patients undergoing ARTA treatment. RESULTS We revealed rising levels of AR-FL accompanied with appearance and increase of AR-Vs in dependence of elevated AR pre-mRNA levels. We also noticed increase in AR-FL and AR-V levels throughout disease progression. AR-V expression was always associated with high AR-FL levels without any sample being solely AR-V positive. In patients undergoing ARTA treatment, AR-FL did show prognostic, yet not predictive validity. Additionally, we observed a substantial clinical response to ARTA treatment even in AR-V positive patients. Accordingly, multivariate analysis did not demonstrate independent significance of AR-Vs in neither predictive nor prognostic clinical utility. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a correlation between AR-FL and AR-V expression during PC progression; with AR-V expression being a side-effect of elevated AR pre-mRNA levels. Clinically, AR-V positivity relies on high levels of AR-FL, making cells still vulnerable to ARTA treatment, as demonstrated by AR-FL and AR-V positive patients responding to ARTA treatment. Thus, AR-FL and AR-V might be considered as a prognostic, yet not predictive biomarker in mCRPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neele Wüstmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Konstantin Seitzer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Verena Humberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Vieler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Norbert Grundmann
- Institute for Bioinformatics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julie Steinestel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Tiedje
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura-Maria Krabbe
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Bögemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andres Jan Schrader
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christof Bernemann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Katrin Schlack
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernandez-Perez MP, Perez-Navarro E, Alonso-Gordoa T, Conteduca V, Font A, Vázquez-Estévez S, González-Del-Alba A, Wetterskog D, Antonarakis ES, Mellado B, Fernandez-Calvo O, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Climent MA, Duran I, Gallardo E, Rodriguez Sanchez A, Santander C, Sáez MI, Puente J, Tudela J, Martínez A, López-Andreo MJ, Padilla J, Lozano R, Hervas D, Luo J, de Giorgi U, Castellano D, Attard G, Grande E, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E. A correlative biomarker study and integrative prognostic model in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide. Prostate 2023; 83:376-384. [PMID: 36564933 PMCID: PMC10107622 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a considerable need to incorporate biomarkers of resistance to new antiandrogen agents in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS We conducted a phase II trial of enzalutamide in first-line chemo-naïve asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC and analyzed the prognostic value of TMPRSS2-ERG and other biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), androgen receptor splice variant (AR-V7) in CTCs and plasma Androgen Receptor copy number gain (AR-gain). These biomarkers were correlated with treatment response and survival outcomes and developed a clinical-molecular prognostic model using penalized cox-proportional hazard model. This model was validated in an independent cohort. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients were included. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene was detected in 32 patients with no differences observed in efficacy outcomes. CTC detection was associated with worse outcome and AR-V7 in CTCs was associated with increased rate of progression as best response. Plasma AR gain was strongly associated with an adverse outcome, with worse median prostate specific antigen (PSA)-PFS (4.2 vs. 14.7 m; p < 0.0001), rad-PFS (4.5 vs. 27.6 m; p < 0.0001), and OS (12.7 vs. 38.1 m; p < 0.0001). The clinical prognostic model developed in PREVAIL was validated (C-Index 0.70) and the addition of plasma AR (C-Index 0.79; p < 0.001) increased its prognostic ability. We generated a parsimonious model including alkaline phosphatase (ALP); PSA and AR gain (C-index 0.78) that was validated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS2-ERG detection did not correlate with differential activity of enzalutamide in first-line mCRPC. However, we observed that CTCs and plasma AR gain were the most relevant biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María P Fernandez-Perez
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Perez-Navarro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori" IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Albert Font
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Wetterskog
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Begona Mellado
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ovidio Fernandez-Calvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ourense, Orense, Spain
| | - María J Méndez-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Maimonides Institute for biomedical research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Climent
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Santander
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria I Sáez
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Puente
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Tudela
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - José Padilla
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lozano
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Genitourinary Translational Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Hervas
- Data Science Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ugo de Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori" IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerhardt Attard
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | | | - Enrique Gonzalez-Billalabeitia
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia-UCAM, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia M, Wang S, Wang L, Mei Y, Tu Y, Gao L. The role of lactate metabolism-related LncRNAs in the prognosis, mutation, and tumor microenvironment of papillary thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1062317. [PMID: 37025405 PMCID: PMC10070953 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1062317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate, a byproduct of glucose metabolism, is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis and numerous cellular and organismal life processes. Interestingly, many studies have demonstrated a correlation between lactate metabolism and tumor development. However, the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and lactate metabolism in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains to be explored. METHODS Lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs (LRLs) were obtained by differential expression and correlation analyses, and the risk model was further constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (Lasso) and Cox analysis. Clinical, immune, tumor mutation, and enrichment analyses were performed based on the risk model. The expression level of six LRLs was tested using RT-PCR. RESULTS This study found several lncRNAs linked to lactate metabolism in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. Using Cox regression analysis, 303 lactate LRLs were found to be substantially associated with prognosis. Lasso was done on the TCGA cohort. Six LRLs were identified as independent predictive indicators for the development of a PTC prognostic risk model. The cohort was separated into two groups based on the median risk score (0.39717 -0.39771). Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the high-risk group had a lower survival probability and that the risk score was an independent predictive factor of prognosis. In addition, a nomogram that can easily predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of PTC patients was established. Furthermore, the association between PTC prognostic factors and tumor microenvironment (TME), immune escape, as well as tumor somatic mutation status was investigated in high- and low-risk groups. Lastly, gene expression analysis was used to confirm the differential expression levels of the six LRLs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have constructed a prognostic model that can predict the prognosis, mutation status, and TME of PTC patients. The model may have great clinical significance in the comprehensive evaluation of PTC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Xia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control Office, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Gao,
| | - Yingna Mei
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Gao,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hensler M, Rakova J, Kasikova L, Lanickova T, Pasulka J, Holicek P, Hraska M, Hrnciarova T, Kadlecova P, Schoenenberger A, Sochorova K, Rozkova D, Sojka L, Drozenova J, Laco J, Horvath R, Podrazil M, Hongyan G, Brtnicky T, Halaska MJ, Rob L, Ryska A, Coosemans A, Vergote I, Garg AD, Cibula D, Bartunkova J, Spisek R, Fucikova J. Peripheral gene signatures reveal distinct cancer patient immunotypes with therapeutic implications for autologous DC-based vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2101596. [PMID: 35898703 PMCID: PMC9311316 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have received considerable attention as potential targets for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. However, the clinical efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains suboptimal, largely reflecting local and systemic immunosuppression at baseline. An autologous DC-based vaccine (DCVAC) has recently been shown to improve progression-free survival and overall survival in randomized clinical trials enrolling patients with lung cancer (SLU01, NCT02470468) or ovarian carcinoma (SOV01, NCT02107937), but not metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (SP005, NCT02111577), despite a good safety profile across all cohorts. We performed biomolecular and cytofluorometric analyses on peripheral blood samples collected prior to immunotherapy from 1000 patients enrolled in these trials, with the objective of identifying immunological biomarkers that may improve the clinical management of DCVAC-treated patients. Gene signatures reflecting adaptive immunity and T cell activation were associated with favorable disease outcomes and responses to DCVAC in patients with prostate and lung cancer, but not ovarian carcinoma. By contrast, the clinical benefits of DCVAC were more pronounced among patients with ovarian carcinoma exhibiting reduced expression of T cell-associated genes, especially those linked to TH2-like signature and immunosuppressive regulatory T (TREG) cells. Clinical responses to DCVAC were accompanied by signs of antitumor immunity in the peripheral blood. Our findings suggest that circulating signatures of antitumor immunity may provide a useful tool for monitoring the potency of autologous DC-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tereza Lanickova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ludek Sojka
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenova
- Department of Pathology 3rd Faculty of Medicine, And University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Horvath
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Rheumatology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Podrazil
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guo Hongyan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tomas Brtnicky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal J. Halaska
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress and Immunity, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sowalsky AG, Plymate SR, Haffner MC, de Bono JS, Sharp A. Re: Heng Li, Yucong Zhang, Dong Li, et al. Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 Predicts Shorter Response in Patients with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Eur Urol 2021;79:879-86 AR-V7 is Rare in Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: AR-V7 is Rare in Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2022; 82:e135-e136. [PMID: 36038450 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Sowalsky
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAPSHCS, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kotamarti S, Armstrong AJ, Polascik TJ, Moul JW. Molecular Mechanisms of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:615-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
24
|
Zhao SG, Sperger JM, Schehr JL, McKay RR, Emamekhoo H, Singh A, Schultz ZD, Bade RM, Stahlfeld CN, Gilsdorf CS, Hernandez CI, Wolfe SK, Mayberry RD, Krause HM, Bootsma M, Helzer KT, Rydzewski N, Bakhtiar H, Shi Y, Blitzer G, Kyriakopoulos CE, Kosoff D, Wei XX, Floberg J, Sethakorn N, Sharifi M, Harari PM, Huang W, Beltran H, Choueiri TK, Scher HI, Rathkopf DE, Halabi S, Armstrong AJ, Beebe DJ, Yu M, Sundling KE, Taplin ME, Lang JM. A clinical-grade liquid biomarker detects neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e161858. [PMID: 36317634 PMCID: PMC9621140 DOI: 10.1172/jci161858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype, the presence of which changes the prognosis and management of metastatic prostate cancer.MethodsWe performed analytical validation of a Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) multiplex RNA qPCR assay to identify the limit of quantification (LOQ) in cell lines, synthetic cDNA, and patient samples. We next profiled 116 longitudinal samples from a prospectively collected institutional cohort of 17 patients with metastatic prostate cancer (7 NEPC, 10 adenocarcinoma) as well as 265 samples from 139 patients enrolled in 3 adenocarcinoma phase II trials of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs). We assessed a NEPC liquid biomarker via the presence of neuroendocrine markers and the absence of androgen receptor (AR) target genes.ResultsUsing the analytical validation LOQ, liquid biomarker NEPC detection in the longitudinal cohort had a per-sample sensitivity of 51.35% and a specificity of 91.14%. However, when we incorporated the serial information from multiple liquid biopsies per patient, a unique aspect of this study, the per-patient predictions were 100% accurate, with a receiver-operating-curve (ROC) AUC of 1. In the adenocarcinoma ARSI trials, the presence of neuroendocrine markers, even while AR target gene expression was retained, was a strong negative prognostic factor.ConclusionOur analytically validated CTC biomarker can detect NEPC with high diagnostic accuracy when leveraging serial samples that are only feasible using liquid biopsies. Patients with expression of NE genes while retaining AR-target gene expression may indicate the transition to neuroendocrine differentiation, with clinical characteristics consistent with this phenotype.FundingNIH (DP2 OD030734, 1UH2CA260389, R01CA247479, and P30 CA014520), Department of Defense (PC190039 and PC200334), and Prostate Cancer Foundation (Movember Foundation - PCF Challenge Award).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang G. Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jamie M. Sperger
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Schehr
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rana R. McKay
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hamid Emamekhoo
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anupama Singh
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zachery D. Schultz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rory M. Bade
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charlotte N. Stahlfeld
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cole S. Gilsdorf
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Camila I. Hernandez
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Serena K. Wolfe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Hannah M. Krause
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matt Bootsma
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyle T. Helzer
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas Rydzewski
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hamza Bakhtiar
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Grace Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christos E. Kyriakopoulos
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiao X. Wei
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Floberg
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nan Sethakorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marina Sharifi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology and
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine and
- Biomarker Development Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Susan Halabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and
| | - Menggang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaitlin E. Sundling
- Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Defining A Liquid Biopsy Profile of Circulating Tumor Cells and Oncosomes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer for Clinical Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194891. [PMID: 36230811 PMCID: PMC9563925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is typified by its tumor heterogeneity and changing disease states, suggesting that personalized medicine approaches could be vital to improving clinical practice. As a minimally invasive approach, the liquid biopsy has the potential to be a powerful longitudinal prognostic tool. We investigated mCRC patients’ peripheral blood samples using an enrichment-free single-cell approach to capture the broader rare-event population beyond the conventionally detected epithelial-derived circulating tumor cell (CTC). Our analysis reveals a heterogenous profile of CTCs and oncosomes not commonly found in normal donor samples. We identified select rare cell types based on their distinct immunofluorescence expression and morphology across multiple assays. Lastly, we highlight correlations between enumerations of the blood-based analytes and progression-free survival. This study clinically validates an unbiased rare-event approach in the liquid biopsy, motivating future studies to further investigate these analytes for their prognostic potential. Abstract Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is characterized by its extensive disease heterogeneity, suggesting that individualized analysis could be vital to improving patient outcomes. As a minimally invasive approach, the liquid biopsy has the potential to longitudinally monitor heterogeneous analytes. Current platforms primarily utilize enrichment-based approaches for epithelial-derived circulating tumor cells (CTC), but this subtype is infrequent in the peripheral blood (PB) of mCRC patients, leading to the liquid biopsy’s relative disuse in this cancer type. In this study, we evaluated 18 PB samples from 10 mCRC patients using the unbiased high-definition single-cell assay (HDSCA). We first employed a rare-event (Landscape) immunofluorescence (IF) protocol, which captured a heterogenous CTC and oncosome population, the likes of which was not observed across 50 normal donor (ND) samples. Subsequent analysis was conducted using a colorectal-targeted IF protocol to assess the frequency of CDX2-expressing CTCs and oncosomes. A multi-assay clustering analysis isolated morphologically distinct subtypes across the two IF stains, demonstrating the value of applying an unbiased single-cell approach to multiple assays in tandem. Rare-event enumerations at a single timepoint and the variation of these events over time correlated with progression-free survival. This study supports the clinical utility of an unbiased approach to interrogating the liquid biopsy in mCRC, representing the heterogeneity within the CTC classification and warranting the further molecular characterization of the rare-event analytes with clinical promise.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tulpule V, Morrison GJ, Falcone M, Quinn DI, Goldkorn A. Integration of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1287-1298. [PMID: 35575959 PMCID: PMC9474724 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The field of liquid biopsies is constantly evolving through novel technologies. This review outlines current data on liquid biopsies and application to clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS To date, there are three platforms with FDA approval for use in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer and others which have been clinically validated. There is substantial evidence supporting the use of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration to guide prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additional evidence supports targeted sequencing of CTC and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to guide androgren-directed therapy, identify candidates for treatment with PARP inhibitors, and monitor development of resistance. As a real-time and minimally invasive approach, utilization of liquid biopsies has the potential to drastically impact the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and improve overall survival. With further clinical validation, additional liquid biopsy is likely to enter standard clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tulpule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gareth J Morrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Falcone
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khan T, Lock JG, Ma Y, Harman DG, de Souza P, Chua W, Balakrishnar B, Scott KF, Becker TM. Choice of antibody is critical for specific and sensitive detection of androgen receptor splice variant-7 in circulating tumor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16159. [PMID: 36171234 PMCID: PMC9519917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) is an important biomarker to guide treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Its detectability in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) opens non-invasive diagnostic avenues. While detectable at the transcript level, AR-V7 protein detection in CTCs may add additional information and clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to compare commercially available anti-AR-V7 antibodies and establish reliable AR-V7 immunocytostaining applicable to CTCs from prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We compared seven AR-V7 antibodies by western blotting and immmunocytostaining using a set of PCa cell lines with known AR/AR-V7 status. The emerging best antibody was validated for detection of CRPC patient CTCs enriched by negative depletion of leucocytes. The anti-AR-V7 antibody, clone E308L emerged as the best antibody in regard to signal to noise ratio with a specific nuclear signal. Moreover, this antibody detects CRPC CTCs more efficiently compared to an antibody previously shown to detect AR-V7 CTCs. We have determined the best antibody for AR-V7 detection of CTCs, which will open future studies to correlate AR-V7 subcellular localization and potential co-localization with other proteins and cellular structures to patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Khan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia. .,Centre of Circulating Tumour Cells Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia. .,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
| | - John G Lock
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cells Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yafeng Ma
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,Centre of Circulating Tumour Cells Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - David G Harman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,Centre of Circulating Tumour Cells Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | | | - Kieran F Scott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Therese M Becker
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia. .,Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia. .,Centre of Circulating Tumour Cells Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia. .,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pak S, Suh J, Park SY, Kim Y, Cho YM, Ahn H. Glucocorticoid receptor and androgen receptor-targeting therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972572. [PMID: 36212458 PMCID: PMC9541428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promotes resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeting therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by bypassing AR blockade. However, the clinical relevance of evaluating GR expression in patients with CRPC has not been determined. The present study investigated the association of relative GR expression in CRPC tissue samples with treatment response to AR-targeting therapy. Methods Levels of GR, AR-FL, and AR-V7 mRNAs were measured in prostate cancer tissue from prospectively enrolled CRPC patients who were starting treatment. Patients were divided into groups with high and low AR-V7/AR-FL ratios and with high and low GR/AR-FL ratios. The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate to treatment. Results Evaluation of 38 patients treated with AR-targeting therapies showed that the PSA response rate was significantly higher in patients with low than high AR-V7/AR-FL ratios (77.8% vs. 25.0%, p=0.003) and in patients with low than high GR/AR-FL ratios (81.3% vs. 27.3%, p=0.003). Patients with low GR/AR-FL ratios had higher rates of PSA progression-free survival (46.0% vs. 22.4%, p=0.006), radiologic progression-free survival (28.9% vs. 10.0%, p=0.02), and overall survival (75.2% vs. 48.0%, p=0.037) than patients with high GR/AR-FL ratios. The association of GR/AR-FL ratio with PSA response to AR-targeting therapy remained significant in multivariable models. Evaluation of the 14 patients who received taxane chemotherapy showed that PSA response rates did not differ significantly in those with low and high AR-V7/AR-FL and GR/AR-FL ratios, although no definitive conclusions can be drawn due to the small number of patients. Conclusion Relative GR expression is associated with sensitivity to AR-targeting therapy and survival in patients with CRPC. Large-scale prospective validation and liquid biopsy-based studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahyun Pak
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyo Suh
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunlim Kim
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jang A, Rauterkus GP, Vaishampayan UN, Barata PC. Overcoming Obstacles in Liquid Biopsy Developments for Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:897-912. [PMID: 36051571 PMCID: PMC9427206 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s285758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Over time, it can metastasize and become lethal once it exhausts hormonal therapies and transitions into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several therapies have been recently approved for advanced prostate cancer, but identifying biomarkers for current treatments and searching for more effective treatments are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy is a powerful tool for isolating genetic material, proteins, and whole tumor cells from the blood. In recent decades, this technology has rapidly advanced, allowing for better insights into the pathogenesis and treatment response in different stages of prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize important clinical studies involving liquid biopsies in prostate cancer with a focus on advanced disease, notably regarding circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes. We highlight the progress and the challenges that still exist for these technologies. Finally, we discuss promising avenues that will further expand the importance of liquid biopsy in the care for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Pedro C Barata
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carles J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Mellado B, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Vázquez S, González-Del-Alba A, Piulats JM, Borrega P, Gallardo E, Morales-Barrera R, Paredes P, Reig O, Garcías de España C, Collado R, Bonfill T, Suárez C, Sampayo-Cordero M, Malfettone A, Garde J. Radium-223 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with asymptomatic bone metastases progressing on first-line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide: A single-arm phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:317-326. [PMID: 35981452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The paper aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 223Ra in patients who progressed after first-line androgen deprivation therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS EXCAAPE (NCT03002220) was a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, non-controlled phase IIa trial in 52 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and asymptomatic bone metastases who have progressed on abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide, up to six doses of 223Ra (55 kBq/kg of body weight per month). The primary end-point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Secondary end-points included rPFS based on androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) expression in circulating tumour cells (CTCs), overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Median rPFS was 5.5 months (95% CI 5.3-5.5). Median rPFS of patients with AR-V7(-) CTCs was longer than that of patients with AR-V7(+) CTCs (5.5 versus 2.2 months, respectively; P = 0.056). Median overall survival was 14.8 months (95% CI 11.2-not reached) and was significantly greater for AR-V7(-) patients than for AR-V7(+) patients (14.8 months versus 3.5 months, respectively; P < 0.01). 223Ra was well tolerated; anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the most common grade 3/4 adverse events (5.8% and 11.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 223Ra seems to be a reasonable treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and asymptomatic bone metastases progressing on novel hormonal therapy and had an acceptable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Méndez-Vidal
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Gallardo
- Parc Taulí University Hospital, Parc Taulí Institute of Research and Innovation I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Morales-Barrera
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Paredes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Reig
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Lab, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Suárez
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Parc Taulí University Hospital, Parc Taulí Institute of Research and Innovation I3PT, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Garde
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MEDSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sowalsky AG, Figueiredo I, Lis RT, Coleman I, Gurel B, Bogdan D, Yuan W, Russo JW, Bright JR, Whitlock NC, Trostel SY, Ku AT, Patel RA, True LD, Welti J, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Rodrigues DN, Riisnaes R, Neeb A, Sprenger CT, Swain A, Wilkinson S, Karzai F, Dahut WL, Balk SP, Corey E, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Plymate SR, de Bono JS, Sharp A. Assessment of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 as a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3509-3525. [PMID: 35695870 PMCID: PMC9378683 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) have improved the outcome for patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Expression of the constitutively active AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has shown clinical utility as a predictive biomarker of AR-targeted therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its importance in CSPC remains understudied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed different approaches to quantify AR-V7 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, publicly available cohorts, and independent institutional clinical cohorts, to identify reliable approaches for detecting AR-V7 mRNA and protein and its association with clinical outcome. RESULTS In CSPC and CRPC cohorts, AR-V7 mRNA was much less abundant when detected using reads across splice boundaries than when considering isoform-specific exonic reads. The RM7 AR-V7 antibody had increased sensitivity and specificity for AR-V7 protein detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRPC cohorts but rarely identified AR-V7 protein reactivity in CSPC cohorts, when compared with the EPR15656 AR-V7 antibody. Using multiple CRPC PDX models, we demonstrated that AR-V7 expression was exquisitely sensitive to hormonal manipulation. In CSPC institutional cohorts, AR-V7 protein quantification by either assay was associated neither with time to development of castration resistance nor with overall survival, and intense neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy did not lead to significant AR-V7 mRNA or staining following treatment. Neither pre- nor posttreatment AR-V7 levels were associated with volumes of residual disease after therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that further analytical validation and clinical qualification are required before AR-V7 can be considered for clinical use in CSPC as a predictive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosina T. Lis
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bora Gurel
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - John R. Bright
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Anson T. Ku
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antje Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Karzai
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Steven P. Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Corey
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAPSHCS, Seattle, Washington
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A Systematic Review of Circulating Tumor Cells Clinical Application in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153802. [PMID: 35954464 PMCID: PMC9367494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell-dependent and cell-independent information drawn from the blood stream were merged into the attractive term “liquid biopsy” and tentatively applied to most segments of cancer management: detection, risk-stratification, personalization of care and follow-up. However, the robust science behind liquid biopsies has not been widely used, thereby remaining a latent and possibly undervalued instrument. Here, we conducted a systematic review of CTCs in prostate cancer management to summarize their use in clinical practice. Abstract The purpose of the review is to summarize the recent data on circulating tumor cells (CTC) use in clinical practice. We performed a systematic literature search using two databases (Medline and Scopus) over the past five years and the following terms: (CTC OR “circulating tumor cells” OR “liquid biopsy”) AND prostate. The primary outcome was CTC predictive value for prostate cancer (PC) progression and survival. The secondary outcomes were the CTC predictive value for therapy response and the results of CTC detection depending on the assessment method. In metastatic PC, the CTC count showed itself to be a prognostic marker in terms of clinically important features, namely survival rates and response to treatment. CTC concentration was significantly associated with the overall survival and progression-free survival rates. A strong association between the overall survival or progression-free survival rate and CTC concentration could be observed. Variant-7 androgen receptors-positive (AR-V7-positive) patients showed a poor response to androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitors, but this did not compromise their response to taxanes. In localized PC, only positive Cluster of Differentiantion 82 protein (CD82+) correlated with a higher survival rate. CTC count and AR-V7 expression showed itself to be a valuable biomarker for survival in metastatic PC and response to ARS-inhibitors. CTC diagnostic performance for localized PC or for screening and early detection is not high enough to show additional value over the other biomarkers.
Collapse
|
33
|
Comparison of circulating tumor cells and AR-V7 as clinical biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11846. [PMID: 35831403 PMCID: PMC9279395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatment are rare. We aimed to compare the clinical value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) as biomarker in mCRPC patients undergoing androgen receptor-targeted agent (ARTA) treatment. Overall cohort (65 patients) was stratified regarding either CTC or AR-V7 status followed by further sub-stratification of the respective other marker. Subsequently, prostate specific antigen (PSA) response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) of subgroups was compared. CTCs and AR-V7 were detected in 54 (83%) and 33 (61%) patients, respectively. All AR-V7 + were CTC +. We detected PSA response in all subgroups. For PFS and OS, biomarker stratification revealed differences between all subgroups. Interestingly, no significant differences of AR-V7 transcript copy numbers were detected between responding and non-responding patients. Additionally, multivariable analysis revealed no independent prognostic value of AR-V7 positivity. Both biomarkers show clinical value in prognosticating clinical outcome. Nonetheless, AR-V7 stratification underestimates the heterogenous subgroup of CTC - and CTC + patient, the latter requiring more intense clinical surveillance. Additionally, AR-V7 level does not correlate with clinical response. Thus, the value of AR-V7 as a clinical biomarker must be considered skeptically.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chapin WJ, Till JE, Hwang WT, Eads JR, Karasic TB, O'Dwyer PJ, Schneider CJ, Teitelbaum UR, Romeo J, Black TA, Christensen TE, Redlinger Tabery C, Anderson A, Slade M, LaRiviere M, Yee SS, Reiss KA, O'Hara MH, Carpenter EL. Multianalyte Prognostic Signature Including Circulating Tumor DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200060. [PMID: 35939771 PMCID: PMC9384952 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Multianalyte signatures, including liquid biopsy and traditional clinical variables, have shown promise for improving prognostication in other solid tumors but have not yet been rigorously assessed for PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) who were planned to undergo systemic therapy. We collected peripheral blood before systemic therapy and assessed circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA concentration (cfDNA), and circulating tumor KRAS (ctKRAS)-variant allele fraction (VAF). Association of variables with overall survival (OS) was assessed in univariate and multivariate survival analysis, and comparisons were made between models containing liquid biopsy variables combined with traditional clinical prognostic variables versus models containing traditional clinical prognostic variables alone. RESULTS One hundred four patients, 40 with LAPC and 64 with mPDAC, were enrolled. CTCs, cfDNA concentration, and ctKRAS VAF were all significantly higher in patients with mPDAC than patients with LAPC. ctKRAS VAF (cube root; 0.05 unit increments; hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.21; P = .01), and CTCs ≥ 1/mL (hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.69; P = .002) were significantly associated with worse OS in multivariate analysis while cfDNA concentration was not. A model selected by backward selection containing traditional clinical variables plus liquid biopsy variables had better discrimination of OS compared with a model containing traditional clinical variables alone (optimism-corrected Harrell's C-statistic 0.725 v 0.681). CONCLUSION A multianalyte prognostic signature containing CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA concentration outperformed a model containing traditional clinical variables alone suggesting that CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA provide prognostic information complementary to traditional clinical variables in advanced PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Chapin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob E. Till
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer R. Eads
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas B. Karasic
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter J. O'Dwyer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles J. Schneider
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ursina R. Teitelbaum
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Janae Romeo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Taylor A. Black
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Theresa E. Christensen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colleen Redlinger Tabery
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Michael LaRiviere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie S. Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kim A. Reiss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark H. O'Hara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erica L. Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Blood-based liquid biopsies for prostate cancer: clinical opportunities and challenges. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1394-1402. [PMID: 35715640 PMCID: PMC9553885 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has been established as a powerful, minimally invasive, tool to detect clinically actionable aberrations across numerous cancer types in real-time. With the development of new therapeutic agents in prostate cancer (PC) including DNA repair targeted therapies, this is especially attractive. However, there is unclarity on how best to screen for PC, improve risk stratification and ultimately how to treat advanced disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better biomarkers to help guide oncologists' decisions in these settings. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), exosomes and cell-free DNA/RNA (cfDNA/cfRNA) analysis, including epigenetic features such as methylation, have all shown potential in prognostication, treatment response assessment and detection of emerging mechanisms of resistance. However, there are still challenges to overcome prior to implementing liquid biopsies in routine clinical practice such as preanalytical considerations including blood collection and storage, the cost of CTC isolation and enrichment, low-circulating tumour content as a limitation for genomic analysis and how to better interpret the sequencing data generated. In this review, we describe an overview of the up-to-date clinical opportunities in the management of PC through blood-based liquid biopsies and the next steps for its implementation in personalised treatment guidance.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dynamic expression of Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) in circulating tumour cells as a liquid biomarker in small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:569-576. [PMID: 35440668 PMCID: PMC9346119 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with no established biomarkers. Schlafen 11(SLFN11), a DNA/RNA helicase that sensitises cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents, has emerged as a promising predictive biomarker for several drug classes including platinum and PARP inhibitors. Detection of SLFN11 in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) may provide a valuable alternative to tissue sampling. METHODS SLFN11 expression was evaluated in tumour samples and characterised in circulating tumour cells (CTC) longitudinally to determine its potential role as a biomarker of response. RESULTS Among 196 SCLC tumours, 51% expressed SLFN11 by IHC. In addition, 20/29 extra-thoracic high-grade neuroendocrine tumours expressed SLFN11 expression. In 64 blood samples from 42 SCLC patients, 83% (53/64) of samples had detectable CTCs, and SLFN11-positive CTCs were detected in 55% (29/53). Patients actively receiving platinum treatment had the lowest number of CTCs and a lower percentage of SLFN11-positive CTCs (p = 0.014). Analysis from patients with longitudinal samples suggest a decrease in CTC number and in SLFN11 expression that correlates with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS SLFN11 levels can be monitored in CTCs from SCLC patients using non-invasive liquid biopsies. The ability to detect SLFN11 in CTCs from SCLC patients adds a valuable tool for the detection and longitudinal monitoring of this promising biomarker.
Collapse
|
37
|
Khan T, Becker TM, Scott KF, Descallar J, de Souza P, Chua W, Ma Y. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Liquid Biopsy-Derived Androgen Receptor Variant 7 (AR-V7) in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:868031. [PMID: 35372002 PMCID: PMC8971301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, access to recent diagnostic tissue samples is restricted and this affects the analysis of the association of evolving biomarkers such as AR-V7 with metastatic castrate resistance. Liquid biopsies are emerging as alternative analytes. To clarify clinical value of AR-V7 detection from liquid biopsies, here we performed a meta-analysis on the prognostic and predictive value of androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) detected from liquid biopsy for patients with prostate cancer (PC), three databases, the Embase, Medline, and Scopus were searched up to September 2021. A total of 37 studies were included. The effects of liquid biopsy AR-V7 status on overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (PFS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-PFS were calculated with RevMan 5.3 software. AR-V7 positivity detected in liquid biopsy significantly associates with worse OS, PFS, and PSA-PFS (P <0.00001). A subgroup analysis of patients treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi such as abiraterone and enzalutamide) showed a significant association of AR-V7 positivity with poorer OS, PFS, and PSA-PFS. A statistically significant association with OS was also found in taxane-treated patients (P = 0.04), but not for PFS (P = 0.21) or PSA-PFS (P = 0.93). For AR-V7 positive patients, taxane treatment has better OS outcomes than ARSi (P = 0.01). Study quality, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were integrated in the assessment. Our data show that liquid biopsy AR-V7 is a clinically useful biomarker that is associated with poor outcomes of ARSi-treated castrate resistant PC (CRPC) patients and thus has the potential to guide patient management and also to stratify patients for clinical trials. More studies on chemotherapy-treated patients are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Khan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Kieran F. Scott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Descallar
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics & Research, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao JL, Fizazi K, Saad F, Chi KN, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Armstrong AJ, de Bono JS, Duggan WT, Scher HI. The Effect of Corticosteroids on Prostate Cancer Outcome Following Treatment with Enzalutamide: A Multivariate Analysis of the Phase III AFFIRM Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:860-869. [PMID: 34965947 PMCID: PMC9366341 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical impact of concurrent corticosteroid use (CCU) on enzalutamide-treated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is unknown. We investigated the association of CCU with overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP) in post-chemotherapy, enzalutamide-treated patients with mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Post hoc analysis of AFFIRM (NCT00974311) with patients (n = 1,199) randomized 2:1 to enzalutamide 160 mg/day or placebo. Treatment group, CCU, and known prognostic factors were evaluated for impact on OS, rPFS, and TTPP using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. CCU was defined as "baseline" (use started at baseline) or "on-study" (baseline plus use that was started during the trial). RESULTS Enzalutamide significantly improved OS, rPFS, and TTPP independent of baseline CCU but was associated with inferior clinical outcomes when compared with no baseline CCU, including a shorter OS [10.8 months vs. not reached (NR); HR for use vs. no use, 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-2.54], rPFS (5.2 months vs. 8.0 months; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29-1.72], and TTPP (4.6 months vs. 5.7 months; HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81). These findings held in a multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline prognostic factors wherein baseline CCU was independently associated with decreased OS (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.43-2.04; P < 0.0001) and rPFS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Patients with mCRPC benefited from enzalutamide treatment independent of CCU, but CCU was associated with worse baseline prognostic factors and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy L. Zhao
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine at Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of GU Oncology, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim N. Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cora N. Sternberg
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Johann S. de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Corresponding Author: Howard I. Scher, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morrison G, Buckley J, Ostrow D, Varghese B, Cen SY, Werbin J, Ericson N, Cunha A, Lu YT, George T, Smith J, Quinn D, Duddalwar V, Triche T, Goldkorn A. Non-Invasive Profiling of Advanced Prostate Cancer via Multi-Parametric Liquid Biopsy and Radiomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2571. [PMID: 35269713 PMCID: PMC8910093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating liquid biopsies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with other minimally invasive measures may yield more comprehensive disease profiles. We evaluated the feasibility of concurrent cellular and molecular analysis of CTCs and cfDNA combined with radiomic analysis of CT scans from patients with metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). CTCs from 22 patients were enumerated, stained for PC-relevant markers, and clustered based on morphometric and immunofluorescent features using machine learning. DNA from single CTCs, matched cfDNA, and buffy coats was sequenced using a targeted amplicon cancer hotspot panel. Radiomic analysis was performed on bone metastases identified on CT scans from the same patients. CTCs were detected in 77% of patients and clustered reproducibly. cfDNA sequencing had high sensitivity (98.8%) for germline variants compared to WBC. Shared and unique somatic variants in PC-related genes were detected in cfDNA in 45% of patients (MAF > 0.1%) and in CTCs in 92% of patients (MAF > 10%). Radiomic analysis identified a signature that strongly correlated with CTC count and plasma cfDNA level. Integration of cellular, molecular, and radiomic data in a multi-parametric approach is feasible, yielding complementary profiles that may enable more comprehensive non-invasive disease modeling and prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Morrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Jonathan Buckley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Bino Varghese
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Steven Y. Cen
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Werbin
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Nolan Ericson
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Alexander Cunha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Yi-Tsung Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Thaddeus George
- RareCyte, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.W.); (N.E.); (T.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Smith
- Clinical Sequencing Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - David Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Vinay Duddalwar
- Departments of Radiology and Urology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Timothy Triche
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (D.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (G.M.); (A.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (D.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shishido SN, Masson R, Xu L, Welter L, Prabakar RK, D' Souza A, Spicer D, Kang I, Jayachandran P, Hicks J, Lu J, Kuhn P. Disease characterization in liquid biopsy from HER2-mutated, non-amplified metastatic breast cancer patients treated with neratinib. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35181666 PMCID: PMC8857263 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients have a high risk of progression and face poor prognosis overall, with about one third (34%) surviving five years or more. In rare instances (2-4% of cases) patients with mBC have ERBB2 (HER2) activating mutations but are ERBB2 non-amplified. Neratinib is a potent, irreversible inhibitor that binds HER2 and inhibits downstream signaling. We used the previously validated high-definition single cell assay (HDSCA) workflow to investigate the clinical significance of the liquid biopsy in ERBB2 mutant, non-amplified, post-menopausal mBC patients starting neratinib and fulvestrant combination therapy. Characterization with a comprehensive liquid biopsy methodology (HDSCA) included genomic analysis of both the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to monitor tumor evolution and identify potential mutational variants unique to the patient's clinical response. A limited series of five sequentially enrolled patients presented here were from the MutHER ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01670877) or SUMMIT ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01953926) trials. Patients had an average of 5.4 lines of therapy before enrollment, variable hormone receptor status, and ERBB2 mutations at diagnosis and during treatment. CTC enumeration alone was not sufficient to predict clinical response. Treatment pressure was shown to lead to an observable change in CTC morphology and genomic instability (GI), suggesting these parameters may inform prognosis. Single cell copy number alteration (CNA) analysis indicated that the persistence or development of a clonal population of CTCs during treatment was associated with a worse response. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the single cells across all patients and timepoints identified distinct aberrant regions shared among patients, comprised of 26 genes that are similarly affected and may be related to drug resistance. Additionally, the genomic analysis of the cfDNA, identified new mutations in ERBB2, PIK3CA, and TP53 that arose likely due to treatment pressure in a patient with poor response, further providing insights on the dynamics of the cancer genome over the course of therapy. The data presented in this small cohort study demonstrates the feasibility of real-time molecular profiling of the cellular and acellular fractions of the liquid biopsy using the HDSCA methodology. Additional studies are necessary to determine the potential use of morphometric and genomic analysis as a prognostic tool to advance personalized oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rahul Masson
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lisa Welter
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rishvanth Kaliappan Prabakar
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Anishka D' Souza
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Darcy Spicer
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Priya Jayachandran
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Janice Lu
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhao J, Ni Y, Zhu S, He B, Dai J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liang J, Zhu X, Shen P, Zeng H, Sun G. Comparison of Systemic Treatments for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer After Docetaxel Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:789319. [PMID: 35115934 PMCID: PMC8804311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lacking head-to-head trial, the optimal treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after docetaxel failure is unclear. This study is to compare the efficacy and safety of systemic treatments in patients who progressed after docetaxel to aid clinical decision-making. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 15th, 2021. The outcomes of interest include overall survival (OS), biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), and serious adverse events (SAEs). The Cochrane risk of bias tools were used to assess study quality. Indirect comparisons of competing treatments were performed via Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results: Five trials with 3,862 patients comparing four treatments (abiraterone, enzalutamide, cabazitaxel, and radium-223) were identified. All the four treatments were associated with improved OS and bPFS relative to best supportive care. Among them, enzalutamide (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.58, 95% credible interval [Crl]: 0.49–0.69) had the highest probability of ranking first in terms of OS, followed by cabazitaxel (HR = 0.70, 95% Crl: 0.59–0.83), radium-223 (HR = 0.71, 95% Crl: 0.56–0.90) and abiraterone (HR = 0.73, 95% Crl: 0.63–0.84). Similarly, enzalutamide (HR = 0.25, 95% Crl: 0.20–0.31) showed the greatest improvement of bPFS, followed by abiraterone (HR = 0.60, 95% Crl: 0.51–0.71) and cabazitaxel (HR = 0.75, 95% Crl: 0.63–0.89). In terms of safety, treatments ranked from the safest to the least safe were radium-223 (OR = 0.58, 95% Crl: 0.20–1.68), enzalutamide (OR = 0.80, 95% Crl: 0.28–2.29), abiraterone (OR = 0.94, 95% Crl: 0.39–2.27) and cabazitaxel (OR = 2.50, 95% Crl: 0.84–7.44). Conclusion: For patients with mCRPC who progressed after docetaxel, enzalutamide may offer the most significant survival benefits and satisfying safety. Cabazitaxel is effective in post-docetaxel settings but associated with a high risk of SAEs. Although network meta-analysis provides indirect comparisons and ranking probabilities, the results should be treated with caution as it cannot replace randomized direct comparison. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020223040, identifier CRD42020223040.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Ni
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jindong Dai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxi Sun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shishido SN, Sayeed S, Courcoubetis G, Djaladat H, Miranda G, Pienta KJ, Nieva J, Hansel DE, Desai M, Gill IS, Kuhn P, Mason J. Characterization of Cellular and Acellular Analytes from Pre-Cystectomy Liquid Biopsies in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Primary Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030758. [PMID: 35159025 PMCID: PMC8833768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most frequent cancer in the world, most commonly found among the elderly population, and becomes highly lethal once cells have spread from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs. Cystectomy, alone or with other treatments, is used to treat most BCa patients, as it offers the best chance of cure. However, even with curative intent, 29% of patients experience relapse of the cancer, 50% of which occur within the first year of surgery. This study aims to use the liquid biopsy to noninvasively detect disease and discover prognostic markers for disease progression. Using the third generation high-definition single cell assay (HDSCA3.0), 50 bladder cancer patient samples and 50 normal donor (ND) samples were analyzed for circulating rare events in the peripheral blood (PB), including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and large extracellular vesicles (LEVs). Here, we show that (i) CTCs and LEVs are detected in the PB of BCa patients prior to cystectomy, (ii) there is a high heterogeneity of CTCs, and (iii) liquid biopsy analytes correlate with clinical data elements. We observed a significant difference in the incidence of rare cells and LEVs between BCa and ND samples (median of 74.61 cells/mL and 30.91 LEVs/mL vs. 34.46 cells/mL and 3.34 LEVs/mL, respectively). Furthermore, using classification models for the liquid biopsy data, we achieved a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 92% for the identification of BCa patient samples. Taken together, these data support the clinical utility of the liquid biopsy in detecting BCa, as well as the potential for predicting cancer recurrence and survival post-cystectomy to better inform treatment decisions in BCa care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Salmaan Sayeed
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - George Courcoubetis
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Hooman Djaladat
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Gus Miranda
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Jorge Nieva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Mihir Desai
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Inderbir S. Gill
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (J.M.); Tel.: +1-213-821-3980 (P.K.)
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (J.M.); Tel.: +1-213-821-3980 (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biomarkers of Castrate Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Androgen Receptor Amplification and T877A Mutation Detection by Multiplex Droplet Digital PCR. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11010257. [PMID: 35011998 PMCID: PMC8745706 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) alterations (amplification, point mutations, and splice variants) are master players in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression and central therapeutic targets for patient management. Here, we have developed two multiplexed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays to detect AR copy number (CN) and the key point mutation T877A. Overcoming challenges of determining gene amplification from liquid biopsies, these assays cross-validate each other to produce reliable AR amplification and mutation data from plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) of advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients. Analyzing a mixed PC patient cohort consisting of CRPC and hormone sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) patients showed that 19% (9/47) patients had AR CN amplification. As expected, only CRPC patients were positive for AR amplification, while interestingly the T877A mutation was identified in two patients still considered HSPC at the time. The ddPCR based analysis of AR alterations in cfDNA is highly economic, feasible, and informative to provide biomarker detection that may help to decide on the best follow-up therapy for CRPC patients.
Collapse
|
45
|
Circulating cancer biomarkers: current status and future prospects. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Sadar MD. Drugging the Undruggable: Targeting the N-Terminal Domain of Nuclear Hormone Receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:311-326. [PMID: 36107327 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the development of drugs targeting the N-terminal domain of nuclear hormone receptors, using progress with the androgen receptor as an example. Historically, development of therapies targeting nuclear hormone receptors has focused on the folded C-terminal ligand-binding domain. Therapies were traditionally not developed to target the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain as it was considered "undruggable". Recent developments have now shown it is possible to direct therapies to the N-terminal domain. This chapter will provide an introduction of the structure and function of the domains of nuclear hormone receptors, followed by a discussion of the rationale supporting the development of N-terminal domain inhibitors. Chemistry and mechanisms of action of small molecule inhibitors will be described with emphasis on N-terminal domain inhibitors developed to the androgen receptor including those in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne D Sadar
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lieb V, Abdulrahman A, Weigelt K, Hauch S, Gombert M, Guzman J, Bellut L, Goebell PJ, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, Wullich B, Taubert H, Wach S. Cell-Free DNA Variant Sequencing Using Plasma and AR-V7 Testing of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113223. [PMID: 34831445 PMCID: PMC8620951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignant cancer and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. There is still an urgent need for biomarkers applicable for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy prediction, or therapy monitoring in PCa. Liquid biopsies, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are a valuable source for studying such biomarkers and are minimally invasive. In our study, we investigated the cfDNA of 34 progressive PCa patients, via targeted sequencing, for sequence variants and for the occurrence of CTCs, with a focus on androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7)-positive CTCs. The cfDNA content was associated with overall survival (OS; p = 0.014), disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.004), and time to treatment change (TTC; p = 0.001). Moreover, when considering all sequence variants grouped by their functional impact and allele frequency, a significant association with TTC (p = 0.017) was observed. When investigating only pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants, variants of the BRCA1 gene (p = 0.029) and the AR ligand-binding domain (p = 0.050) were associated with a shorter TTC. Likewise, the presence of CTCs was associated with a shorter TTC (p = 0.031). The presence of AR-V7-positive CTCs was associated with TTC (p < 0.001) in Kaplan–Meier analysis. Interestingly, all patients with AR-V7-positive CTCs also carried TP53 point mutations. Altogether, analysis of cfDNA and CTCs can provide complementary information that may support temporal and targeted treatment decisions and may elucidate the optimal choice within the variety of therapy options for advanced PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Amer Abdulrahman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Katrin Weigelt
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | | | | | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Laura Bellut
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Peter J. Goebell
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-93138523373
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.L.); (A.A.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (L.B.); (P.J.G.); (B.W.); (S.W.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Graf RP, Fisher V, Mateo J, Gjoerup OV, Madison RW, Raskina K, Tukachinsky H, Creeden J, Cunningham R, Huang RSP, Mata DA, Ross JS, Oxnard GR, Venstrom JM, Zurita AJ. Predictive Genomic Biomarkers of Hormonal Therapy Versus Chemotherapy Benefit in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 81:37-47. [PMID: 34716049 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers predicting second-generation novel hormonal therapy (NHT) benefit relative to taxanes are critical for optimized treatment decisions for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. These associations have not been reported simultaneously for common mCRPC genomic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictive associations of common genomic aberrations in mCRPC using an established comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study used data from a deidentified US-based clinicogenomic database comprising patients treated in routine clinical practice between 2011 and 2020, evaluated with Foundation Medicine CGP in tissue biopsies obtained around the time of treatment decision. The main cohort included 180 NHT and 179 taxane lines of therapy (LOTs) from 308 unique patients. The sequential cohort comprised a subset of the main cohort NHT LOTs immediately followed by taxane from 55 unique patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time to next treatment (TTNT), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Main cohort analyses were adjusted for known treatment assignment biases via inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) in treatment interaction models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In the main cohort, patients with AR amplification (ARamp) or PTEN aberrations (PTENalt) had worse relative PSA response on NHT versus taxanes compared with patients without. Patients with ARamp, PTENalt, or RB1 aberrations (RB1alt) also had worse relative TTNT and OS on NHT but not on taxanes. In multivariable models for TTNT and OS adjusted via IPTW, ARamp, PTENalt, and RB1alt were shown as poor prognostic factors overall and demonstrated significant treatment interactions, indicating reduced hazards of therapy switch and death on taxanes versus NHT. Consistent associations favoring increased benefit from subsequent taxane despite prior NHT treatment line were observed only for ARamp in the sequential cohort, in which very few patients had RB1alt for assessment. CONCLUSIONS ARamp status is a candidate biomarker to predict poor effectiveness of NHT relative to taxanes in mCRPC in scenarios where both options are considered. PATIENT SUMMARY Specific alterations in the DNA of tumors may assist in choosing between novel oral hormonal therapies and standard chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amado J Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim CJ, Dong L, Amend SR, Cho YK, Pienta KJ. The role of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer management. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3263-3288. [PMID: 34346466 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a complement to invasive tissue biopsy to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment. The common liquid biopsy biomarkers are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Each biomarker provides specific information based on its intrinsic characteristics. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide. In men with low-grade localized prostate cancer, the disease can often be managed by active surveillance. For men who require treatment, the 5-year survival rate of localized prostate cancer is the highest among all cancer types, but the metastatic disease remains incurable. Metastatic prostate cancer invariably progresses to involve multiple bone sites and develops into a castration-resistant disease that leads to cancer death. The need to appropriately diagnose and guide the serial treatment of men with prostate cancer has led to the implementation of many studies to apply liquid biopsies to prostate cancer management. This review describes recent advancements in isolation and detection technology and the strength and weaknesses of the three circulating biomarkers. The clinical studies based on liquid biopsy results are summarized to depict the future perspective in the role of liquid biopsy on prostate cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chai S, Matsumoto N, Storgard R, Peng CC, Aparicio A, Ormseth B, Rappard K, Cunningham K, Kolatkar A, Nevarez R, Tu KH, Hsu CJ, Malihi P, Corn P, Zurita A, Hicks J, Kuhn P, Ruiz-Velasco C. Platelet-Coated Circulating Tumor Cells Are a Predictive Biomarker in Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2036-2045. [PMID: 34462330 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) includes a subset of patients with particularly unfavorable prognosis characterized by combined defects in at least two of three tumor suppressor genes: PTEN, RB1, and TP53 as aggressive variant prostate cancer molecular signature (AVPC-MS). We aimed to identify circulating tumor cells (CTC) signatures that could inform treatment decisions of patients with mCRPC with cabazitaxel-carboplatin combination therapy versus cabazitaxel alone. Liquid biopsy samples were collected prospectively from 79 patients for retrospective analysis. CTCs were detected, classified, enumerated through a computational pipeline followed by manual curation, and subjected to single-cell genome-wide copy-number profiling for AVPC-MS detection. On the basis of immunofluorescence intensities, detected rare cells were classified into 8 rare-cell groups. Further morphologic characterization categorized CTC subtypes from 4 cytokeratin-positive rare-cell groups, utilizing presence of mesenchymal features and platelet attachment. Of 79 cases, 77 (97.5%) had CTCs, 24 (30.4%) were positive for platelet-coated CTCs (pc.CTCs) and 25 (38.5%) of 65 sequenced patients exhibited AVPC-MS in CTCs. Survival analysis indicated that the presence of pc.CTCs identified the subset of patients who were AVPC-MS-positive with the worst prognosis and minimal benefit from combination therapy. In AVPC-MS-negative patients, its presence showed significant survival improvement from combination therapy. Our findings suggest the presence of pc.CTCs as a predictive biomarker to further stratify AVPC subsets with the worst prognosis and the most significant benefit of additional platinum therapy. IMPLICATIONS: HDSCA3.0 can be performed with rare cell detection, categorization, and genomic characterization for pc.CTC identification and AVPC-MS detection as a potential predictive biomarker of mCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujie Chai
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Matsumoto
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan Storgard
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin Ormseth
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kate Rappard
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Cunningham
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rafael Nevarez
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kai-Han Tu
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ching-Ju Hsu
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paymaneh Malihi
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amado Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Velasco
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|