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Duarte F, Teçza M, Gedi V, McGourty K, Hudson SP. C5a peptidase (ScpA) activity towards human type II and type III interferons. Cytokine 2024; 180:156652. [PMID: 38759527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
C5a peptidase, also known as ScpA, is a surface associated serine protease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes and has been described as an important factor in streptococcus virulence, capable of cleaving complement components C5a, C3 and C3a. Although the interactions of ScpA with complement components is well studied, extensive screening of ScpA activity against other pro-inflammatory cytokines is lacking. Here, ScpA's ability to cleave human pro-inflammatory cytokines was tested, revealing its ability to cleave human IFNγ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, C5, IL-37 but with significantly reduced activities. The functional consequence of ScpA's cleavage of IFNγ in its signalling through the Jak-Stat pathway has also been evaluated in an in vitro RPE1 cell model. These newly identified targets for ScpA highlight the complexity of streptococcus infections and indeed, the potential for ScpA to have a therapeutic role in the progression of inflammatory diseases involving these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Duarte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Teçza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vinayakumar Gedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Verhelst SHL, Prothiwa M. Chemical Probes for Profiling of MALT1 Protease Activity. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300444. [PMID: 37607867 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The paracaspase MALT1 is a key regulator of the human immune response. It is implicated in a variety of human diseases. For example, deregulated protease activity drives the survival of malignant lymphomas and is involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Thus, MALT1 has attracted attention as promising drug target. Although many MALT1 inhibitors have been identified, molecular tools to study MALT1 activity, target engagement and inhibition in complex biological samples, such as living cells and patient material, are still scarce. Such tools are valuable to validate MALT1 as a drug target in vivo and to assess yet unknown biological roles of MALT1. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the development and biological application of molecular tools to study MALT1 activity and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H L Verhelst
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 901b, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn Strasse 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michaela Prothiwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Zhao P, Zhang J, Liu B, Tang Y, Wang L, Wang G, Wu H, Yang C, Li X, Li B. Causal Effects of Circulating Cytokines on the Risk of Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:941961. [PMID: 35769988 PMCID: PMC9234291 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.941961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease. Observational studies have shown associations between circulating cytokine levels and psoriasis vulgaris. But the causal relationship between circulating cytokine and psoriasis vulgaris remains elusive. Methods: To assess the causal effects of cytokine levels on the risk of psoriasis vulgaris and vice versa, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study by using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) in genome-wide association summary statistics of 41 circulating cytokines in up to 8,293 individuals and psoriasis vulgaris in 399,883 individuals. Results: We identified that increasing RANTES level induced an elevated risk of psoriasis vulgaris in IVW (β = 0.33, S.E. = 0.12, p = 0.006). This causal effect showed consistency across the weighted median (β = 0.35, S.E. = 0.15, p = 0.022) and MR-PRESSO method (β = 0.33, S.E. = 0.11, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential causal effect of elevated RANTES concentration on the increased risk of psoriasis vulgaris.
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Liu Y, Cui SN, Duan MY, Dou ZL, Li YZ, Liu YX, Xia Y, Zhang JW, Yan XN, Han DR. Is there a relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C? A meta-analysis and bioinformatics investigation. Virol J 2021; 18:135. [PMID: 34215260 PMCID: PMC8252322 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C was previously controversial, so our purpose is to investigate this connection.
Methods We conducted a systematic review of the case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies examining the association between psoriasis and hepatitis C in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and investigated the overlapping genes between psoriasis targets and hepatitis C targets using bioinformatics analysis. Based on overlapping genes and hub nodes, we also constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module respectively, followed by the pathway enrichment analysis.
Results We included 11 publications that reported a total of 11 studies (8 cross-sectional and 3 case–control). The case–control and cross-sectional studies included 25,047 psoriasis patients and 4,091,631 controls in total. Psoriasis was associated with a significant increase of prevalent hepatitis C (OR 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.17–2.52)). A total of 389 significant genes were common to both hepatitis C and psoriasis, which mainly involved IL6, TNF, IL10, ALB, STAT3 and CXCL8. The module and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the common genes had the potential to influence varieties of biological pathways, including the inflammatory response, cytokine activity, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and psoriasis. Conclusion Patients with psoriasis display increased prevalence of hepatitis C and the basic related mechanisms between hepatitis C and psoriasis had been preliminarily clarified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01606-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Nan Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yao Duan
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li Dou
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhen Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ning Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dong Ran Han
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Ameliorates Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196978. [PMID: 32977372 PMCID: PMC7583818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokine family and an inflammation-associated protein. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in murine anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis induction in mice induced systemic expression of GDF15. Moreover, we demonstrate the protective effects for GDF15, as GDF15-deficient mice exhibited increased proteinuria with an aggravated crescent formation and mesangial expansion in anti-GBM nephritis. Herein, GDF15 was required for the regulation of T-cell chemotactic chemokines in the kidney. In addition, we found the upregulation of the CXCR3 receptor in activated T-cells in GDF15-deficient mice. These data indicate that CXCL10/CXCR3-dependent-signaling promotes the infiltration of T cells into the organ during acute inflammation controlled by GDF15. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism limiting the migration of lymphocytes to the site of inflammation during glomerulonephritis.
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Mahajan V, Rana A, Chauhan P, Mehta K, Sharma S, Sharma A, Sharma R. The association of thyroid dysfunction with chronic plaque psoriasis: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive observational study. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:771-776. [PMID: 33235844 PMCID: PMC7678532 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_432_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Associations among thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and clinical features including age, gender, disease duration, and severity of psoriasis is less studied. Objectives: To study frequency of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity and examine association among thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and clinical features including gender, age, duration, and severity of psoriasis. Material and Methods: The medical records of 290 (m:f 2.15:1) patients aged 13–75 years with plaque psoriasis were analyzed for thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid dysfunction was defined as 10% variation in any thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid autoimmunity was diagnosed from presence of antithyroid peroxide (anti-TPO) antibodies. Results: The majority, 57.9% patients, was aged ≥41 years (Type-2 psoriasis) and duration of disease was <5 years in 58.6% patients. Mild and moderate to severe psoriasis was present in 58.3% and 41.7% patients, respectively. Deranged thyroid functions were present in 29 (10%) patients. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism occurred in 5.4% and 2.7% patients, respectively. Anti-TPO antibodies were observed in 13.5% patients; 11had hypothyroidism. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, duration, and severity of psoriasis when compared with patients having normal thyroid function tests. Conclusion: The study suggests possible thyroid dysregulation and thyroid autoimmunity in psoriasis but results need careful interpretation and clinical application. Their significance as standalone risk factor for the chronicity, severity, and relapses in psoriasis or whether thyroid hormone replacement or antithyroid drugs become a useful therapeutic option remains tenuous at best for need of more robust evidence. Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study design, small number of patients, and lack of controls remain major limitations.
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Furue K, Ito T, Tanaka Y, Yumine A, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Takemura M, Murata M, Yamamura K, Tsuji G, Furue M. Cyto/chemokine profile of in vitro scratched keratinocyte model: Implications of significant upregulation of CCL20, CXCL8 and IL36G in Koebner phenomenon. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:244-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Khan SR, Bano A, Wakkee M, Korevaar TIM, Franco OH, Nijsten TEC, Peeters RP, Chaker L. The association of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with psoriatic disease: a prospective cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:347-359. [PMID: 28747386 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and psoriatic disease share auto-immunological components. Few studies have investigated the link between both, yielding inconclusive results. DESIGN We assessed the association of AITD with psoriatic disease in a prospective cohort study and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS 8214 participants of the Rotterdam Study (RS) with thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Abs), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and/or free thyroxine (FT4) measurements and information on psoriatic disease were included. We performed logistic and Cox regression analyses and a systematic literature search in several electronic databases on AITD and psoriatic disease. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) of included studies using the Mantel-Haenszel method, while adding RS data on prevalent psoriatic disease. RESULTS Within the RS, we found no association between TPO-Ab positivity and psoriatic disease. There was a positive trend between TSH and prevalent psoriatic disease, and between FT4 and incident psoriatic disease, although not significant. Out of 1850 articles identified, seven were included in the systematic review and four in the meta-analysis. The risk of psoriatic disease (pooled OR) was 1.71 (confidence interval (CI): 1.27-2.31) for TPO-Ab positivity, 1.25 (CI: 1.14-1.37) for AITD and 1.34 (CI: 1.16-1.54) respectively, and 1.17 (CI: 1.03-1.32) for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that TPO-Ab positivity, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism might be associated with prevalent psoriatic disease. However, there are only few studies with large heterogeneity regarding psoriatic disease definition and indication of publication bias. Additional prospective data are needed to assess the association of AITD with incident psoriatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer R Khan
- Department of Epidemiology
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases
| | - Arjola Bano
- Department of Epidemiology
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases
| | | | - Tim I M Korevaar
- Department of Epidemiology
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Shimoura N, Nagai H, Fujiwara S, Jimbo H, Yoshimoto T, Nishigori C. Interleukin (IL)-18, cooperatively with IL-23, induces prominent inflammation and enhances psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasia. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:315-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Dai Z, Xing L, Cerise J, Wang EHC, Jabbari A, de Jong A, Petukhova L, Christiano AM, Clynes R. CXCR3 Blockade Inhibits T Cell Migration into the Skin and Prevents Development of Alopecia Areata. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1089-99. [PMID: 27412416 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of the hair follicle that results in hair loss of varying severity. Recently, we showed that IFN-γ-producing NKG2D(+)CD8(+) T cells actively infiltrate the hair follicle and are responsible for its destruction in C3H/HeJ AA mice. Our transcriptional profiling of human and mouse alopecic skin showed that the IFN pathway is the dominant signaling pathway involved in AA. We showed that IFN-inducible chemokines (CXCL9/10/11) are markedly upregulated in the skin of AA lesions, and further, that the IFN-inducible chemokine receptor, CXCR3, is upregulated on alopecic effector T cells. To demonstrate whether CXCL9/10/11 chemokines were required for development of AA, we treated mice with blocking Abs to CXCR3, which prevented the development of AA in the graft model, inhibiting the accumulation of NKG2D(+)CD8(+) T cells in the skin and cutaneous lymph nodes. These data demonstrate proof of concept that interfering with the Tc1 response in AA via blockade of IFN-inducible chemokines can prevent the onset of AA. CXCR3 blockade could be approached clinically in human AA with either biologic or small-molecule inhibition, the latter being particularly intriguing as a topical therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Dai
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Luzhou Xing
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Jane Cerise
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Raphael Clynes
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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Holdren GO, Rosenthal DJ, Yang J, Bates AM, Fischer CL, Zhang Y, Brogden NK, Brogden KA. Antimicrobial Activity of Chemokine CXCL10 for Dermal and Oral Microorganisms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 3:527-39. [PMID: 25859394 PMCID: PMC4387564 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL10 (IP-10) is a small 10 kDa chemokine with antimicrobial activity. It is induced by IFN-γ, chemoattracts mononuclear cells, and promotes adhesion of T cells. Recently, we detected CXCL10 on the surface of the skin and in the oral cavity. In the current study, we used broth microdilution and radial diffusion assays to show that CXCL10 inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium striatum, and Candida albicans HMV4C, but not Corynebacterium bovis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Poryphromonas gingivalis, or C. albicans ATCC 64124. The reason for the selective antimicrobial activity is not yet known. However, antimicrobial activity of CXCL10 may be related to its composition and structure, as a cationic 98 amino acid residue molecule with 10 lysine residues, 7 arginine residues, a total net charge of +11, and a theoretical pI of 9.93. Modeling studies revealed that CXCL10 contains an α-helix at the N-terminal, three anti-parallel β-strands in the middle, and an α-helix at the C-terminal. Thus, CXCL10, when produced on the surface of the skin or in the oral cavity, likely has antimicrobial activity and may enhance innate antimicrobial and cellular responses to the presence of select commensal or opportunistic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant O. Holdren
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (G.O.H.); (N.K.B.)
| | - David J. Rosenthal
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.R.); (A.M.B.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Jianyi Yang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Amber M. Bates
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.R.); (A.M.B.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Carol L. Fischer
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.R.); (A.M.B.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Nicole K. Brogden
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (G.O.H.); (N.K.B.)
| | - Kim A. Brogden
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.R.); (A.M.B.); (C.L.F.)
- Periodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-8077; Fax: +1-319-335-8895
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de Masson A, Bouaziz JD, Battistella M, Bagot M, Bensussan A. Immunopathologie du psoriasis. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:253-9. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163203009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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13
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Choi J, Selmi C, Leung PSC, Kenny TP, Roskams T, Gershwin ME. Chemokine and chemokine receptors in autoimmunity: the case of primary biliary cholangitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:661-72. [PMID: 26821815 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1147956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines represent a major mediator of innate immunity and play a key role in the selective recruitment of cells during localized inflammatory responses. Beyond critical extracellular mediators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines and their cognate receptors are expressed by a variety of resident and infiltrating cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells, and NKT cells). Chemokines represent ideal candidates for mechanistic studies (particularly in murine models) to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and possibly become biomarkers of disease. Nonetheless, therapeutic approaches targeting chemokines have led to unsatisfactory results in rheumatoid arthritis, while biologics against pro-inflammatory cytokines are being used worldwide with success. In this comprehensive review we will discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of chemokines and their specific receptors in mediating the effector cell response, utilizing the autoimmune/primary biliary cholangitis setting as a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjung Choi
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA.,b Division of Rheumatology , CHA University Medical Center , Bundang , Korea
| | - Carlo Selmi
- c Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Italy.,d BIOMETRA Department , University of Milan , Milano , Italy
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Thomas P Kenny
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Tania Roskams
- e Translational Cell and Tissue Research , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
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Lima XT, Oliveira RTD, Braga FG, Magalhães RF, Mamoni RL, Blotta MHSL. Circulating levels of chemokines in psoriasis. Autoimmunity 2014; 48:57-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.947476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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16
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Lee CH, Hwang STY. Pathophysiology of chemokines and chemokine receptors in dermatological science: A focus on psoriasis and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. DERMATOL SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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17
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Li N, Hu Q, Jiang C, Guo F, Munnee K, Jian X, Hu Y, Tang Z. Cys-X-Cys ligand 9 might be an immunological factor in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its concomitant oral lichenoid lesion. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1251-8. [PMID: 22821431 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic oral precancerous disease primarily caused by betel quid chewing. Some OSF patients are concomitant with oral lichenoid lesion (OLL), a white-streak lesion with a higher risk for cancerization, in OSF mucosa. Immunological reaction has been considered as one of their common pathogenic mechanisms. Cys-X-Cys ligand 9 (CXCL9) is an important factor to recruit effector neutrophils and lymphocytes in immunological reactions. However, the expression levels of CXCL9 in OSF and OLL remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the expression levels of CXCL9 in 10 normal buccal mucosa (NBM) samples and 56 OSF concomitant with OLL patients, and evaluated the possible mechanism of CXCL9 on their pathogenesis. RESULTS Our results showed NBM demonstrated negative CXCL9 expression. OSF stained positive CXCL9 mainly in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells and endothelial cells throughout the superficial layer of connective tissue, while its concomitant OLL showed much stronger CXCL9 in all mononuclear cells of subepithelial inflammatory infiltration (p = 0.0006). There was an upregulated trend of CXCL9 expression from NBM to OSF to OLL. However, no significant association between CXCL9 expression and clinicopathologic parameters of patients was found. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CXCL9 was found for the first time to contribute to the immunological pathogenesis for both OSF and its concomitant OLL, indicating a continuously enhanced intensity of immunoreactivity in their pathogenic process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CXCL9 might be a useful tool to monitor the phase and disease severity of OSF and OLL, and a potential target for further clinical therapy for both lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Mabuchi T, Chang TW, Quinter S, Hwang ST. Chemokine receptors in the pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:4-11. [PMID: 22177422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are G-protein-coupled, seven-transmembrane-spanning surface receptors that play key roles in cell trafficking, cell motility, and survival. These receptors are activated by small molecular weight chemotactic cytokines called chemokines. Chemokine receptors and their corresponding chemokine ligands play roles in the migration and localization of normal T cells (and other cells) during physiological responses in inflamed or infected skin. In psoriasis, the chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed on the Th17 cells and γδ T cells, which produce a variety of cytokines (IL17 and IL22 among others), that play a role in the immunological activation. CCR6 and its ligand, CCL20, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesion and CCR6 is essential for the development of the psoriasiform phenotype following IL23 injection in mouse skin. In this review, we focus on the roles of chemokine receptors, particularly of CCR6, in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and discuss chemokine receptors as novel therapeutic targets for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Mabuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
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19
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Frascerra S, Galetta F, Franzoni F, Corrado A, Miccoli M, Benvenga S, Paolicchi A, Ferrannini E, Fallahi P. Circulating chemokine (CXC motif) ligand (CXCL)9 is increased in aggressive chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, in association with CXCL10. Cytokine 2011; 55:288-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Groom JR, Luster AD. CXCR3 in T cell function. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:620-31. [PMID: 21376175 PMCID: PMC3065205 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor that is highly expressed on effector T cells and plays an important role in T cell trafficking and function. CXCR3 is rapidly induced on naïve cells following activation and preferentially remains highly expressed on Th1-type CD4(+) T cells and effector CD8(+) T cells. CXCR3 is activated by three interferon-inducible ligands CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC). Early studies demonstrated a role for CXCR3 in the trafficking of Th1 and CD8 T cells to peripheral sites of Th1-type inflammation and the establishment of a Th1 amplification loop mediated by IFNγ and the IFNγ-inducible CXCR3 ligands. More recent studies have also suggested that CXCR3 plays a role in the migration of T cells in the microenvironment of the peripheral tissue and lymphoid compartment, facilitating the interaction of T cells with antigen presenting cells leading to the generation of effector and memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Groom
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Groom JR, Luster AD. CXCR3 ligands: redundant, collaborative and antagonistic functions. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:207-15. [PMID: 21221121 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor that is rapidly induced on naïve T cells following activation, and preferentially remains highly expressed on type-1 helper (Th1)-type CD4(+) T cells, effector CD8(+) T cells and innate-type lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. CXCR3 is activated by three interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible ligands CXCL9 (monokine induced by gamma-interferon), CXCL10 (interferon-induced protein-10) and CXCL11 (interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant). Although some studies have revealed that these ligands have redundant functions in vivo, other studies have demonstrated that the three CXCR3 ligands can also collaborate and even compete with each other. Differential regulation of the three ligands at specific times in defined anatomically restricted locations in vivo likely participates in the fine control of T-cell trafficking over the course of an immune response. Among the differences in regulation, CXCL10 is induced by a variety of innate stimuli that induce IFN-α/β as well as the adaptive immune cell cytokine IFN-γ, whereas CXCL9 induction is restricted to IFN-γ. In this review, we will discuss how the balance, timing and pattern of CXCR3 ligand expression appears to regulate the generation of effector T cells in the lymphoid compartment and subsequent migration into peripheral sites of Th1-type inflammation in which the CXCR3 ligands also then regulate the interactions and migratory behavior of effector T cells in an inflamed peripheral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Groom
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Nakajima A, Matsuki T, Komine M, Asahina A, Horai R, Nakae S, Ishigame H, Kakuta S, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. TNF, but Not IL-6 and IL-17, Is Crucial for the Development of T Cell-Independent Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Il1rn−/− Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1887-93. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Karlsson C, Eliasson M, Olin AI, Mörgelin M, Karlsson A, Malmsten M, Egesten A, Frick IM. SufA of the opportunistic pathogen finegoldia magna modulates actions of the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9, promoting bacterial survival during epithelial inflammation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29499-508. [PMID: 19628464 PMCID: PMC2785583 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.025957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna is part of the human commensal microbiota, but is also an important opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium expresses a subtilisin-like serine proteinase, SufA, which partially degrade the antibacterial chemokine MIG/CXCL9. Here, we show that MIG/CXCL9 is produced by human keratinocytes in response to inflammatory stimuli. In contrast to the virulent human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, the presence of F. magna had no enhancing effect on the MIG/CXCL9 expression by keratinocytes, suggesting poor detection of the latter by pathogen-recognition receptors. When MIG/CXCL9 was exposed to SufA-expressing F. magna, the molecule was processed into several smaller fragments. Analysis by mass spectrometry showed that SufA cleaves MIG/CXCL9 at several sites in the COOH-terminal region of the molecule. At equimolar concentrations, SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were not bactericidal against F. magna, but retained their ability to kill S. pyogenes. Moreover, the SufA-generated MIG/CXCL9 fragments were capable of activating the angiostasis-mediating CXCR3 receptor, which is expressed on endothelial cells, in an order of magnitude similar to that of intact MIG/CXCL9. F. magna expresses a surface protein called FAF that is released from the bacterial surface by SufA. Soluble FAF was found to bind and inactivate the antibacterial activity of MIG/CXCL9, thereby further potentially promoting the survival of F. magna. The findings suggest that SufA modulation of the inflammatory response could be a mechanism playing an important role in creating an ecologic niche for F. magna, decreasing antibacterial activity and suppressing angiogenesis, thus providing advantage in survival for this anaerobic opportunist compared with competing pathogens during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Li N, Jian X, Hu Y, Xu C, Yao Z, Zhong X. Discovery of novel biomarkers in oral submucous fibrosis by microarray analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2249-59. [PMID: 18768491 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a high-risk precancerous condition of the oral cavity. Areca nut chewing is its key etiologic factor, but the full pathogenesis is still obscure. In this study, microarray analysis was used to characterize the mRNA changes of 14,500 genes in four OSF and four normal buccal mucosa samples to identify novel biomarkers of OSF. Five candidate genes with the most differential changes were chosen for validation. The correlation between clinicopathologic variables of 66 OSF patients and the expression of each gene was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The microarray analysis showed that 661 genes were up-regulated (fold value >2) and 129 genes were down-regulated (fold value <0.5) in OSF (q < 0.01). The top three up-regulated genes [Loricrin, Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Cys-X-Cys ligand 9 (CXCL9)] with the largest fold changes and the top two down-regulated genes [keratin 19 (KRT19), cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP 3A5)] with the most significantly differential changes in OSF were chosen as candidate biomarkers. In immunohistochemical results, the expression of Loricrin and COMP showed statistically significant association with histologic grade of OSF (P = 0.03 and 0.006, respectively). COMP was found to be overexpressed frequently in patients with the habit of areca nut chewing for more than 4 years (P = 0.002). CYP 3A5 was revealed an inverse correlation with histologic grade (P = 0.04). This pilot study showed that five novel genes might play important roles in the pathogenesis of OSF and may be clinically useful for early detection of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Skov L, Beurskens FJ, Zachariae COC, Reitamo S, Teeling J, Satijn D, Knudsen KM, Boot EPJ, Hudson D, Baadsgaard O, Parren PWHI, van de Winkel JGJ. IL-8 as Antibody Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases: Reduction of Clinical Activity in Palmoplantar Pustulosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:669-79. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Linge HM, Sastalla I, Nitsche-Schmitz DP, Egesten A, Frick IM. Protein FOG is a moderate inducer of MIG/CXCL9, and group G streptococci are more tolerant than group A streptococci to this chemokine's antibacterial effect. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:3800-3808. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/009647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M. Linge
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, BMC, B14, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, BMC, B14, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inka Sastalla
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Abteilung Mikrobielle Pathogenität, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-381 24 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - D. Patric Nitsche-Schmitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Abteilung Mikrobielle Pathogenität, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-381 24 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arne Egesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, BMC, B14, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga-Maria Frick
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, BMC, B14, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Pan-Hammarström Q, Wen S, Hammarström L. Cytokine gene expression profiles in human lymphocytes induced by a formula of traditional Chinese medicine, vigconic VI-28. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007; 26:628-36. [PMID: 16978066 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VI-28 is a formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used in aged individuals to improve health and, recently, to treat patients with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. The mechanism underlying its clinical effect is, however, largely unknown. In the current study, we used a transwell culture system that mimics the in vivo situation and applied microarray technology to explore the effect of VI-28 on gene expression in human lymphocytes. The VI-28 treatment induced expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and spleen cells, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), growth-related protein-beta (GRO-beta) and epithelial cellderived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78 [CXCL5]). Furthermore, a specific upregulation of interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG [CXCL9]) and interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha) in spleen cells was noted, whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) and disabled-2 (DAB2) were downregulated. VI-28 might, thus, enhance both innate and acquired immunity, in particular, T cell function. In addition, genes with no obvious immunologic function, such as insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF- 1) and CD9, were also differentially affected. Further analysis of individual and combination of ingredients of VI-28 may shed light on the role of this herbal medicine in combating different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Johnson M, Li AR, Liu J, Fu Z, Zhu L, Miao S, Wang X, Xu Q, Huang A, Marcus A, Xu F, Ebsworth K, Sablan E, Danao J, Kumer J, Dairaghi D, Lawrence C, Sullivan T, Tonn G, Schall T, Collins T, Medina J. Discovery and optimization of a series of quinazolinone-derived antagonists of CXCR3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3339-43. [PMID: 17448658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinazolinone-derived inhibitors of the CXCR3 receptor have been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated. Compounds were evaluated in a (125)I-IP10 displacement assay and in in vitro cell migration assays to IP10, ITAC, and MIG using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johnson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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29
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30
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De Paepe B, De Keyzer K, Martin JJ, De Bleecker JL. Alpha-chemokine receptors CXCR1-3 and their ligands in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2005; 109:576-82. [PMID: 15937690 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-005-0989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders subdivided into polymyositis (PM), sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Chemokines play an essential role in sustained inflammation associated with IIM. We studied the distribution of the alpha-chemokine receptors CXCR1, 2, 3 and their ligands interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), IFN-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG) and growth-related oncogene (GRO) in IIM using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Abundant expression of IP-10 was observed on macrophages and T cells surrounding and invading non-necrotic muscle fibers in PM and sIBM and in T cells in perimysial infiltrates of DM. IP-10 was also localized to blood vessel endothelial cells in all inflammatory and normal muscle tissues. The distribution of other alpha-chemokines was variable: Only low levels of MIG and I-TAC were detected; GRO was localized to the endomysial infiltrates of some PM and sIBM samples, but not in DM. Muscle tissues were invariably CXCR1 negative, while a subset of inflammatory cells in all IIM were CXCR2 positive. Strong CXCR3 expression was observed on the majority of T cells in each IIM. We describe the differential repertoire of alpha-chemokines in IIM, and offer additional proof of the predominance of Th1-driven reactions in the immunopathogenesis of all three diagnostic subgroups. We suggest the Th1-mediated immunity in general, and the CXCR3/IP-10 interaction in particular, as potential targets for novel therapeutic intervention in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Bhagavathula N, Nerusu KC, Fisher GJ, Liu G, Thakur AB, Gemmell L, Kumar S, Xu ZH, Hinton P, Tsurushita N, Landolfi NF, Voorhees JJ, Varani J. Amphiregulin and epidermal hyperplasia: amphiregulin is required to maintain the psoriatic phenotype of human skin grafts on severe combined immunodeficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:1009-16. [PMID: 15793282 PMCID: PMC1780140 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of amphiregulin has been shown to induce psoriasiform changes in the skin of transgenic mice shortly after birth. Therefore, amphiregulin has been suggested as a target for anti-psoriatic therapy. To test this theory, a humanized monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing human amphiregulin was examined for anti-proliferative effects in the human skin-severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse transplant model. The anti-amphiregulin antibody reduced epidermal thickness of transplanted psoriatic skin and also inhibited the hyperplastic response that developed in nonpsoriatic skin after transplantation. The same antibody also suppressed keratinocyte proliferation in monolayer culture in a dose-dependent manner. Under the same conditions in which keratinocyte proliferation was inhibited, the antibody had little effect on proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and no effect on type I procollagen production by these cells. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for amphiregulin in psoriatic hyperplasia and suggest that inhibition of amphiregulin activity could be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. These data also suggest that the hyperplastic response occurring in nonpsoriatic human skin on transplantation to the SCID mouse is mediated, in large part, by amphiregulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimharao Bhagavathula
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Rd., Box 0602, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Varani J, Lateef H, Fay K, Elder JT. Antagonism of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ameliorates the Psoriatic Phenotype in Organ-Cultured Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 18:123-31. [PMID: 15897684 DOI: 10.1159/000084909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic plaque skin incubated for eight days in organ culture in the presence of a potent epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) antagonist reverted to a more normal histological appearance, while untreated psoriatic plaque skin retained histological features associated with the psoriatic phenotype. In concomitant studies it was shown that the EGF-RTK antagonist had no significant effect on histological features of non-psoriatic skin and no effect on dermal function, i.e. elaboration of both type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; interstitial collagenase). When human epidermal keratinocytes were treated with the EGF-RTK antagonist in monolayer culture, growth inhibition was seen (ED(50) = approximately 0.06 microM). When dermal fibroblasts were exposed to the EGF-RTK antagonist in monolayer culture, proliferation, MMP-1 and type I procollagen production were essentially unaffected at concentrations which interfered with keratinocyte growth (up to 1 microM). The capacity of the EGF-RTK antagonist to modulate the histological features of psoriatic skin in organ culture under conditions in which normal skin architecture and dermal function are largely unaffected suggests a potential for anti-psoriatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, and the Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by thickened, scaly plaques, and is estimated to affect approximately 1-3% of the Caucasian population. Traditional treatments, although effective in patients with limited disease, have numerous shortcomings, including inconvenience and toxicity. These drawbacks mean that many patients experience cycles of disease clearance, in which normal quality of life alternates with active disease and poor quality of life. However, as this review discusses, recent advances have highlighted the key role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and have provided new defined targets for therapeutic intervention, offering hope for safe and effective psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Gottlieb
- Clinical Research Center, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 51 French Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-0019, USA.
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35
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Overview and History of Chemokines and Their Receptors. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(04)55001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Abstract
There is much evidence to support the concept that psoriasis is a type 1 autoimmune disease, primarily mediated by interferon gamma and other inflammatory cytokines. There has been renewed interest in the role of components of the innate immune system, however,and it may be that overlap between the innate and acquired arms of the immune system can better explain immunopathogenesis in psoriasis. Relevant cell types, receptors, and immune mediators within these traditional boundaries of the immune system are discussed.Finally, pathogenic contributions from important psoriatic mouse models and recent genomic data using the new gene chip technology are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Lowes
- Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 178, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Benoit S, Toksoy A, Bröcker EB, Gillitzer R, Goebeler M. Treatment of recalcitrant pustular psoriasis with infliximab: effective reduction of chemokine expression. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:1009-12. [PMID: 15149518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Good clinical responses of psoriasis to anti-TNF-alpha-based therapies have recently been demonstrated. We studied the effect of infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha, on chemokine expression in pustular psoriasis. A 61-year-old man with a 2-year history of severe pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch type who did not respond to conventional therapies responded rapidly to treatment with infliximab. The clinical response was reflected by an immediate and effective reduction of the neutrophil-attractant chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-related oncogene (Gro)-alpha as well as of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as determined by mRNA in situ hybridization of lesional skin. No expression before or after treatment was seen for monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma (MIG) and IFN-inducible protein (IP)-10. Thus, in pustular psoriasis the chemokine expression pattern is dominated by neutrophil-attractant chemokines and MCP-1 while, in contrast to plaque psoriasis, IFN-gamma-inducible lymphocyte-attractant chemokines such as IP-10 and MIG are not abundant. We conclude that anti-TNF-alpha treatment with infliximab is an effective therapy in severe pustular psoriasis which is reflected by downregulation of disease-promoting chemokines such as IL-8, Gro-alpha and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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38
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Salazar-Mather TP, Hokeness KL. Calling in the troops: regulation of inflammatory cell trafficking through innate cytokine/chemokine networks. Viral Immunol 2004; 16:291-306. [PMID: 14583145 DOI: 10.1089/088282403322396109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of immune effector cells to localized sites of infection is crucial for the effective delivery of innate immune mechanisms. Under the conditions of infections with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a herpesvirus with pathogenic potential, early immune functions are essential in the control of virus replication and virus-induced pathology. Our studies have demonstrated that the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) is critical for natural killer (NK) cell inflammation and delivery of interferon (IFN)-gamma to mediate downstream protective responses against MCMV infection in liver. Moreover, IFN-alpha/beta-dependent mechanisms promote MIP-1alpha production and subsequently the accumulation of NK cells in liver. Taken together, the studies highlighted in this review define a unique in vivo pathway mediated by innate cytokines in regulating chemokine responses that are essential in the promotion of NK cell inflammation for localized antiviral defense. In addition, the downstream consequences of these events in enhancing endogenous adaptive immune responses will also be discussed. Overall, the innate cytokine/chemokine networks that are described emphasize the emerging importance of chemokine functions for protective immune responses during infection with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P Salazar-Mather
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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39
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Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK. Role of NGF and neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 146:433-7. [PMID: 14699978 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(03)46027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A contributing role of neurogenic inflammation has provided a new dimension in understanding the pathogenesis of various cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and bronchial asthma. Several critical observations, such as (i) psoriasis resolves at sites of anaesthesia, (ii) neuropeptides are upregulated, and (iii) there is a marked proliferation of terminal cutaneous nerves in psoriatic plaques, encouraged us to search for a mechanism of neural influence in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In immunohistochemical studies, we found that keratinocytes in lesional and nonlesional psoriatic tissue express high levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and that there is a marked upregulation of NGF receptors, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and tyrosine kinase A (TrkA), in the terminal cutaneous nerves of psoriatic lesions. As keratinocytes of psoriatic plaques express increased levels of NGF, it is likely that murine nerves will promptly proliferate into the transplanted plaques on a severe combined immunodeficient mouse. Indeed, we have noted marked proliferation of nerve fibers in transplanted psoriatic plaques compared with the few nerves in transplanted normal human skin. By double label immunofluorescence staining, we have further demonstrated that in these terminal cutaneous nerves there is a marked upregulation of neuropeptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related protein. These observations, as well as recent findings about NGF-induced chemokine expression in keratinocytes, further substantiate a role of the NGF-p75NTR-TrkA system in the inflammatory process of psoriasis. Currently, we are evaluating antagonists to selected neuropeptides and NGF/receptors, with the expectation of identifying pharmacological agents to counter neurogenic inflammation in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba P Raychaudhuri
- Psoriasis Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 510 Ashton Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Struyf S, Al-Kharashi SA, Missotten L, Van Damme J, Geboes K. The T-lymphocyte chemoattractant Mig is highly expressed in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136:853-60. [PMID: 14597036 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the expression of the three interferon-gamma-inducible CXCR3-binding chemokines, CXCL10/IP-10 (interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 KDa), CXCL9/Mig (monokine induced by interferon-gamma), and CXCL11/I-TAC (interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant) in the conjunctiva of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). These chemokines exhibit potent T-lymphocyte chemoattractant activity. DESIGN Immunohistochemical study. METHODS Conjunctival biopsy specimens from 16 patients with active VKC and nine control subjects were studied by immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies directed against IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC. The phenotype of inflammatory cells expressing chemokines was examined by double immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the normal conjunctiva, very weak Mig immunoreactivity was observed on basal epithelial cells and on vascular endothelial cells in the upper substantia propria. There was no immunoreactivity for the other chemokines. In all VKC specimens, strong immunoreactivity for Mig was expressed by epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and inflammatory mononuclear cells. Inflammatory mononuclear cells expressing IP-10 and I-TAC were noted in 10 and nine specimens, respectively. The numbers of Mig(+) inflammatory cells were significantly higher than the numbers of IP-10(+) and I-TAC(+) inflammatory cells (P <.001). Inflammatory cells expressing Mig were CD4(+) T-helper/inducer cells (71.6 +/- 3.2%), CD8(+) T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells (19.5 +/- 1.5%), and CD68(+) monocytes/macrophages (5.3 +/- 5%). All inflammatory cells expressing IP-10 and I-TAC were CD68(+) monocytes/macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The CXC chemokine Mig is selectively and highly expressed in VKC suggesting a pathogenic role of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the ligand Mig in the recruitment of activated T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Schön MP. Cutaneous lymphocyte localization in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2003:27-51. [PMID: 14579773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05397-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Schön
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Department of Dermatology, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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42
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Benoit S, Toksoy A, Goebeler M, Gillitzer R. Selective Expression of Chemokine Monokine Induced by Interferon-γ in Alopecia Areata. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:933-5. [PMID: 14632215 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kawasaki S, Kawamoto S, Yokoi N, Connon C, Minesaki Y, Kinoshita S, Okubo K. Up-regulated gene expression in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2003; 77:17-26. [PMID: 12823984 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the pathogenesis of ocular surface abnormalities in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by comparing global gene expression patterns in conjunctival epithelial cells from normal individuals and SS patients. METHODS The study population consisted of 56 subjects (26 SS patients and 30 normal volunteers). RNA extracted from their conjunctival epithelial cells was subjected to introduced amplified fragment length polymorphism (iAFLP), a competitive PCR-based gene expression assay, to measure gene expression in the 56 samples against 931 genes. Data were analyzed by two-dimensional clustering analysis and discriminant analysis. Disease-related genes were identified and the feasibility of gene expression-based diagnosis of SS was examined. RESULTS Two-dimensional clustering- and discriminant analysis clearly distinguished between SS patients and normal subjects. Of 931 genes tested, 34 were significantly up-regulated and 12 were significantly down-regulated in SS (p<0.05). Up-regulated genes included kallikrein 7 (x 15.8) and small proline-rich protein 2A (x 9.6), markers for the terminal differentiation of epidermis, and the inflammation-related genes HLA-DR and IL-6. Monokine-induced-by-gamma-interferon, i.e. c-fos, fibronectin, amphiregulin, defensin beta 2, and keratin 16, -6b and -6c were also up-regulated. Among the 12 down-regulated genes, interferon-gamma receptor 1 was most notable (x1/27.3). CONCLUSIONS The up-regulated expression of keratin 6 and -16, small proline-rich protein 2A, and kallikrein 7 in the conjunctival epithelium of SS patients suggests an anomalous keratinization pattern. Epithelial thickening may be due to amphiregulin and/or c-fos-stimulated cell cycle progression. The up-regulation of monokine-induced-by-gamma-interferon, HLA-DR, keratin 6b, -6c, and -16 suggests that in SS, interferon-gamma may play an important role in the altered gene expression in the conjunctival epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawasaki
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan.
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Zhou X, Krueger JG, Kao MCJ, Lee E, Du F, Menter A, Wong WH, Bowcock AM. Novel mechanisms of T-cell and dendritic cell activation revealed by profiling of psoriasis on the 63,100-element oligonucleotide array. Physiol Genomics 2003; 13:69-78. [PMID: 12644634 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A global picture of gene expression in the common immune-mediated skin disease, psoriasis, was obtained by interrogating the full set of Affymetrix GeneChips with psoriatic and control skin samples. We identified 1,338 genes with potential roles in psoriasis pathogenesis/maintenance and revealed many perturbed biological processes. A novel method for identifying transcription factor binding sites was also developed and applied to this dataset. Many of the identified sites are known to be involved in immune response and proliferation. An in-depth study of immune system genes revealed the presence of many regulating cytokines and chemokines within involved skin, and markers of dendritic cell (DC) activation in uninvolved skin. The combination of many CCR7+ T cells, DCs, and regulating chemokines in psoriatic lesions, together with the detection of DC activation markers in nonlesional skin, strongly suggests that the spatial organization of T cells and DCs could sustain chronic T-cell activation and persistence within focal skin regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA
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Mrstik M, Kotseos K, Ma C, Chegini N. Increased expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 during surgically induced peritoneal injury. Wound Repair Regen 2003; 11:120-6. [PMID: 12631299 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a key regulator of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, cells infiltration whose secretory products play a key role in peritoneal wound healing. The objective of the present study was to determine whether IP-10 is expressed by parietal peritoneum and whether its temporal and spatial expression is altered following surgically induced peritoneal injury during healing. Peritoneal sidewall injuries were induced in mice (N = 60), and the severity of adhesions were graded at 12 hours and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days postsurgery. After collection of peritoneal washes, the injured peritoneum with associated adhesion and intact parietal peritoneum were collected to determine IP-10 mRNA and protein expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. Peritoneal injury resulted in adhesion formation with increased severity by day 7 postsurgery. The intact parietal peritoneum expressed IP-10 mRNA, whose level of expression significantly increased following peritoneal injury and reached a maximum at day 4 (p = 0.001), declining to the uninjured control levels by day 7 post-injury. The level of IP-10 in peritoneal washes also increased as a result of peritoneal injury. Immunohistochemically, IP-10 was localized to various inflammatory and immune cells, adhesion fibroblasts, and mesothelial cells, and its intensity increased during the course of wound healing. In conclusion, we showed that parietal peritoneum expresses IP-10 and peritoneal tissue injury results in an elevated level of its expression throughout the early phase of wound healing. The results suggest that IP-10 and its elevated expression may play a role in peritoneal cellular activities that influence the early phases of tissue repair and, possibly, the development of peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mrstik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Park MK, Amichay D, Love P, Wick E, Liao F, Grinberg A, Rabin RL, Zhang HH, Gebeyehu S, Wright TM, Iwasaki A, Weng Y, DeMartino JA, Elkins KL, Farber JM. The CXC chemokine murine monokine induced by IFN-gamma (CXC chemokine ligand 9) is made by APCs, targets lymphocytes including activated B cells, and supports antibody responses to a bacterial pathogen in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:1433-43. [PMID: 12133969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig; CXC chemokine ligand 9) is an IFN-gamma-inducible CXC chemokine that signals through the receptor CXCR3 and is known to function as a chemotactic factor for human T cells, particularly following T cell activation. The mig gene can be induced in multiple cell types and organs, and Mig has been shown to contribute to T cell infiltration into immune/inflammatory reactions in peripheral tissues in mice. We have investigated the expression and activities of Mig and CXCR3 in mouse cells and the role of Mig in models of host defense in mice. Murine (Mu)Mig functioned as a chemotactic factor for resting memory and activated T cells, both CD4(+) and CD8(+), and responsiveness to MuMig correlated with surface expression of MuCXCR3. Using mig(-/-) mice, we found that MuMig was not necessary for survival after infections with a number of intracellular pathogens. Surprisingly, however, we found that mig(-/-) mice showed reductions of 50-75% in Abs produced against the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. Furthermore, we found that MuMig induced both calcium signals and chemotaxis in activated B cells, and that B cell activation induced expression of MuCXCR3. In addition, IFN-gamma induced the expression of mumig in APCs, including CD8 alpha(+) and CD8 alpha(-) dendritic cells. Together, our data suggest that Mig and CXCR3 may be important not only to recruit T cells to peripheral inflammatory sites, but also in some cases to maximize interactions among activated T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells within lymphoid organs to provide optimal humoral responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Park
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dufour JH, Dziejman M, Liu MT, Leung JH, Lane TE, Luster AD. IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10)-deficient mice reveal a role for IP-10 in effector T cell generation and trafficking. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:3195-204. [PMID: 11907072 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10), a chemokine secreted from cells stimulated with type I and II IFNs and LPS, is a chemoattractant for activated T cells. Expression of IP-10 is seen in many Th1-type inflammatory diseases, where it is thought to play an important role in recruiting activated T cells into sites of tissue inflammation. To determine the in vivo function of IP-10, we constructed an IP-10-deficient mouse (IP-10(-/-)) by targeted gene disruption. Immunological analysis revealed that IP-10(-/-) mice had impaired T cell responses. T cell proliferation to allogeneic and antigenic stimulation and IFN-gamma secretion in response to antigenic challenge were impaired in IP-10(-/-) mice. In addition, IP-10(-/-) mice exhibited an impaired contact hypersensitivity response, characterized by decreased ear swelling and reduced inflammatory cell infiltrates. T cells recovered from draining lymph nodes also had a decreased proliferative response to Ag restimulation. Furthermore, IP-10(-/-) mice infected with a neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus had an impaired ability to control viral replication in the brain. This was associated with decreased recruitment of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes into the brain, reduced levels of IFN-gamma and the IFN-gamma-induced chemokines monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig, CXCL9) and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC, CXCL11) in the brain, decreased numbers of virus-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) cells in the spleen, and reduced levels of demyelination in the CNS. Taken together, our data suggest a role for IP-10 in both effector T cell generation and trafficking in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/deficiency
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Demyelinating Diseases/genetics
- Demyelinating Diseases/immunology
- Demyelinating Diseases/prevention & control
- Demyelinating Diseases/virology
- Dermatitis, Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Contact/prevention & control
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus/immunology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/pharmacology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Dufour
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Homey B, Alenius H, Müller A, Soto H, Bowman EP, Yuan W, McEvoy L, Lauerma AI, Assmann T, Bünemann E, Lehto M, Wolff H, Yen D, Marxhausen H, To W, Sedgwick J, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P, Zlotnik A. CCL27-CCR10 interactions regulate T cell-mediated skin inflammation. Nat Med 2002; 8:157-65. [PMID: 11821900 DOI: 10.1038/nm0202-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin-associated chemokine CCL27 (also called CTACK, ALP and ESkine) and its receptor CCR10 (GPR-2) mediate chemotactic responses of skin-homing T cells in vitro. Here we report that most skin-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients suffering from psoriasis, atopic or allergic-contact dermatitis express CCR10. Epidermal basal keratinocytes produced CCL27 protein that bound to extracellular matrix, mediated adhesion and was displayed on the surface of dermal endothelial cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta induced CCL27 production whereas the glucocorticosteroid clobetasol propionate suppressed it. Circulating skin-homing CLA+ T cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts expressed CCR10 on their cell surface. In vivo, intracutaneous CCL27 injection attracted lymphocytes and, conversely, neutralization of CCL27-CCR10 interactions impaired lymphocyte recruitment to the skin leading to the suppression of allergen-induced skin inflammation. Together, these findings indicate that CCL27-CCR10 interactions have a pivotal role in T cell-mediated skin inflammation.
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Proost P, Schutyser E, Menten P, Struyf S, Wuyts A, Opdenakker G, Detheux M, Parmentier M, Durinx C, Lambeir AM, Neyts J, Liekens S, Maudgal PC, Billiau A, Van Damme J. Amino-terminal truncation of CXCR3 agonists impairs receptor signaling and lymphocyte chemotaxis, while preserving antiangiogenic properties. Blood 2001; 98:3554-61. [PMID: 11739156 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.13.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines, specifically, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig), and IFN-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant (I-TAC), share a unique CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR3). Recently, the highly specific membrane-bound protease and lymphocyte surface marker CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) was found to be responsible for posttranslational processing of chemokines. Removal of NH(2)-terminal dipeptides by CD26/DPP IV alters chemokine receptor binding and signaling, and hence inflammatory and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities. CD26/DPP IV and CXCR3 are both markers for Th1 lymphocytes and, moreover, CD26/DPP IV is present in a soluble, active form in human plasma. This study reports that at physiologic enzyme concentrations CD26/DPP IV cleaved 50% of I-TAC within 2 minutes, whereas for IP-10 and Mig the kinetics were 3- and 10-fold slower, respectively. Processing of IP-10 and I-TAC by CD26/DPP IV resulted in reduced CXCR3-binding properties, loss of calcium-signaling capacity through CXCR3, and more than 10-fold reduced chemotactic potency. Moreover, IP-10 and I-TAC cleaved by CD26/DPP IV acted as chemotaxis antagonists and CD26/DPP IV-truncated IP-10 and Mig retained their ability to inhibit the angiogenic activity of interleukin-8 in the rabbit cornea micropocket model. These data demonstrate a negative feedback regulation by CD26/DPP IV in CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis without affecting the angiostatic potential of the CXCR3 ligands IP-10 and Mig.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium.
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Szabo I, Wetzel MA, Rogers TJ. Cell-density-regulated chemotactic responsiveness of keratinocytes in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:1083-90. [PMID: 11710916 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes represent the main constituents of the epidermis and have been found to play a regulatory role in a variety of inflammatory skin diseases. The functional activity of keratinocytes is highly heterogeneous, and depends on the cell localization in the epidermal architecture, and the maturation or differentiation state of the cells. Spontaneously proliferating HaCaT cells, showing several similarities to basal epidermal keratinocytes, were found to respond to external chemoattractants, including the chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin-8 and the mu-opioid agonist DAMGO ([d-ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin) in migration assays. The chemotactic responsiveness was highly dependent on the cell density of the monolayer, with greatest chemotactic activity at the highest cell density. Whereas RANTES was found to be the most potent chemoattractant, constitutive RANTES production was also detected in the HaCaT cultures. We found an inverse correlation between constitutive RANTES production and chemotactic responsiveness toward external RANTES, suggesting a possible functional down-modulation of the RANTES receptors, CC chemokine receptor 1 and CC chemokine receptor 5, during culture. Results from confocal laser scanning microscopy showed reduced CC chemokine receptor 1, but not CC chemokine receptor 5, expression by HaCaT cells at low cell densities, which was abolished in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against RANTES. The total CC chemokine receptor 1 pool (surface and intracellular receptors), however, showed no significant change during in vitro culture. Chemotactic responsiveness toward RANTES was directly correlated with the level of CC chemokine receptor 1 surface expression. Taken together these results show that with keratinocyte proliferation and the progressive increase in cell density there are dramatic alterations in keratinocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szabo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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