1
|
Schneider MA, Richtmann S, Gründing AR, Wrenger S, Welte T, Meister M, Kriegsmann M, Winter H, Muley T, Janciauskiene S. Transmembrane serine protease 2 is a prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:39. [PMID: 35211754 PMCID: PMC8878627 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) has been intensively investigated during the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic as a virus activating protease. Furthermore, TMPRSS2 is an oncogenic gene associated with several cancer entities. Co-expression of TMPRSS2 and serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1) (encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin; AAT) has been reported in the human lung. Recently, AAT was identified as a novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor. We previously reported that lower SERPINA1 expression in tumor tissues and higher levels of plasma AAT are associated with worse survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we sought to examine TMPRSS2 and SERPINA1/AAT expression in tumor and adjacent lung tissues from 347 NSCLC patients. Based on clinical data and gene expression analysis, we performed Cox regression for the survival analysis, and correlated TMPRSS2 and AAT protein levels in tissue samples by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. We found that lower TMPRSS2 expression in tumor compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues is linked to a poor overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and those who are current smokers. IHC staining of TMPRSS2 validated our findings in regard to overall survival while we did not observe a correlation with AAT staining. Based on western blot analyses, we found only a slight negative correlation between full-length TMPRSS2 and AAT in non-tumor tissues, which seems to be related to smoking status. Taken together, we demonstrated that TMPRSS2 is a prognostic factor in patients with lung ADC; however, a link between AAT and TMPRSS2 proteins warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna R Gründing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi K, Cao L, Liu F, Xie S, Wang S, Huang Y, Lei C, Nie Z. Amplified and label-free electrochemical detection of a protease biomarker by integrating proteolysis-triggered transcription. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113372. [PMID: 34116447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free synthetic biology provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance biosensors by integrating with advanced testing technologies. However, the combination of synthetic biology with electrochemical testing techniques is still underdeveloped. Here, we proposed an electrochemical biosensor for the label-free and ultrasensitive detection of target protease biomarker by coupling a protease-responsive RNA polymerase (PR) for signal amplification. Taking tumor biomarker matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) as a model protease, we employed PR to transduce each proteolysis reaction mediated by MMP-2 into multiple programmable RNA outputs that can be captured by the DNA probes immobilized on a gold electrode. Moreover, the captured RNAs are designed to contain a guanine-rich sequence that can form G-quadruplex and bind to hemin in the presence of potassium ions. In this scenario, the activity of MMP-2 is converted and amplified into the electrochemical signals of hemin. Under the optimal conditions, this PR-based electrochemical biosensor enabled the sensitive detection of MMP-2 in a wide linear dynamic range from 10 fM to 1.0 nM, with a limit of detection of 7.1 fM. Moreover, the proposed biosensor was further applied in evaluating MMP-2 activities in different cell cultures and human tissue samples, demonstrating its potential in the analysis of protease biomarkers in complex clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kirkpatrick JD, Warren AD, Soleimany AP, Westcott PMK, Voog JC, Martin-Alonso C, Fleming HE, Tammela T, Jacks T, Bhatia SN. Urinary detection of lung cancer in mice via noninvasive pulmonary protease profiling. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/537/eaaw0262. [PMID: 32238573 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and patients most commonly present with incurable advanced-stage disease. U.S. national guidelines recommend screening for high-risk patients with low-dose computed tomography, but this approach has limitations including high false-positive rates. Activity-based nanosensors can detect dysregulated proteases in vivo and release a reporter to provide a urinary readout of disease activity. Here, we demonstrate the translational potential of activity-based nanosensors for lung cancer by coupling nanosensor multiplexing with intrapulmonary delivery and machine learning to detect localized disease in two immunocompetent genetically engineered mouse models. The design of our multiplexed panel of sensors was informed by comparative transcriptomic analysis of human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma datasets and in vitro cleavage assays with recombinant candidate proteases. Intrapulmonary administration of the nanosensors to a Kras- and Trp53-mutant lung adenocarcinoma mouse model confirmed the role of metalloproteases in lung cancer and enabled accurate detection of localized disease, with 100% specificity and 81% sensitivity. Furthermore, this approach generalized to an alternative autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma, where it detected cancer with 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity and was not confounded by lipopolysaccharide-driven lung inflammation. These results encourage the clinical development of activity-based nanosensors for the detection of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew D Warren
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ava P Soleimany
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin C Voog
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Martin-Alonso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather E Fleming
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kreus M, Lehtonen S, Skarp S, Kaarteenaho R. Extracellular matrix proteins produced by stromal cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250109. [PMID: 33905434 PMCID: PMC8078755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung cancer share common risk factors, epigenetic and genetic alterations, the activation of similar signaling pathways and poor survival. The aim of this study was to examine the gene expression profiles of stromal cells from patients with IPF and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) as well as from normal lung. The gene expression levels of cultured stromal cells derived from non-smoking patients with ADC from the tumor (n = 4) and the corresponding normal lung (n = 4) as well as from patients with IPF (n = 4) were investigated with Affymetrix microarrays. The expression of collagen type IV alpha 1 chain, periostin as well as matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in stromal cells and lung tissues were examined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Twenty genes were similarly up- or down-regulated in IPF and ADC compared to control, while most of the altered genes in IPF and ADC were differently expressed, including several extracellular matrix genes. Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain as well as matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 were differentially expressed in IPF compared to ADC. Periostin was up-regulated in both IPF and ADC in comparison to control. All studied factors were localized by immunohistochemistry in stromal cells within fibroblast foci in IPF and stroma of ADC. Despite the similarities found in gene expressions of IPF and ADC, several differences were also detected, suggesting that the molecular changes occurring in these two lung illnesses are somewhat different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Kreus
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Szarvas T, Nyirády P, Ogawa O, Furuya H, Rosser CJ, Kobayashi T. Urinary Protein Markers for the Detection and Prognostication of Urothelial Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:251-273. [PMID: 28889391 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance is mainly based on cystoscopy and urine cytology. However, both methods have significant limitations; urine cytology has a low sensitivity for low-grade tumors, while cystoscopy is uncomfortable for the patients. Therefore, in the last decade urine analysis was the subject of intensive research resulting in the identification of many potential biomarkers for the detection, surveillance, or prognostic stratification of bladder cancer. Current trends move toward the development of multiparametric models to improve the diagnostic accuracy compared with single molecular markers. Recent technical advances for high-throughput and more sensitive measurements have led to the development of multiplex assays showing potential for more efficient tools toward future clinical application. In this review, we focus on the findings of urinary protein research in the context of detection and prognostication of bladder cancer. Furthermore, we provide an up-to-date overview on the recommendations for the quality evaluation of published studies as well as for the conduction of future urinary biomarker studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b 1082, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Nyirády
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alaseem A, Alhazzani K, Dondapati P, Alobid S, Bishayee A, Rathinavelu A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: A challenging paradigm of cancer management. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 56:100-115. [PMID: 29155240 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of zinc-dependent endopeptidases implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Over the decades, MMPs have been studied for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. As a result, accumulated evidence of MMPs incriminating role has made them an attractive therapeutic target. Early generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors exhibited potent inhibitory activities, which subsequently led to clinical trials. Unexpectedly, these trials failed to meet the desired goals, mainly due to the lack of efficacy, poor oral bioavailability, and toxicity. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of MMPs in cancer progression, current strategies in targeting MMPs for cancer treatment including prodrug design and tumor imaging, and therapeutic value of MMPs as biomarkers in breast, lung, and prostate cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alaseem
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya Dondapati
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Saad Alobid
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Merchant N, Nagaraju GP, Rajitha B, Lammata S, Jella KK, Buchwald ZS, Lakka SS, Ali AN. Matrix metalloproteinases: their functional role in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
8
|
Apigenin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Akt in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:446-456. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
9
|
Kim HI, Lee HS, Kim TH, Lee JS, Lee ST, Lee SJ. Growth-stimulatory activity of TIMP-2 is mediated through c-Src activation followed by activation of FAK, PI3-kinase/AKT, and ERK1/2 independent of MMP inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42905-22. [PMID: 26556867 PMCID: PMC4767480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) control extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis by inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are associated with ECM turnover. Recent studies have revealed that TIMPs are implicated in tumorigenesis in both MMP-dependent and MMP-independent manners. We examined a mechanism by which TIMP-2 stimulated lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, independent of MMP inhibition. The stimulation of growth by TIMP-2 in A549 cells required c-Src kinase activation. c-Src kinase activity, induced by TIMP-2, concomitantly increased FAK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/AKT, and ERK1/2 activation. Selective knockdown of integrin α3β1, known as a TIMP-2 receptor, did not significantly change TIMP-2 growth promoting activity. Furthermore, we showed that high TIMP-2 expression in lung adenocarcinomas is associated with a worse prognosis from multiple cohorts, especially for stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Through integrated analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data, TIMP-2 expression was significantly associated with the alteration of driving genes, c-Src activation, and PI3-kinase/AKT pathway activation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TIMP-2 stimulates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation through c-Src, FAK, PI3-kinase/AKT, and ERK1/2 pathway activation in an MMP-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Ie Kim
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shingyeong University, Gyeonggi-do, 445-741, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shingyeong University, Gyeonggi-do, 445-741, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, U.S.A
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Lee
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shingyeong University, Gyeonggi-do, 445-741, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An HJ, Lee YJ, Hong SA, Kim JO, Lee KY, Kim YK, Park JK, Kang JH. The prognostic role of tissue and serum MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 212:357-64. [PMID: 26995105 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) play an important role in tumor invasion and progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To find out a potential serum biomarker, tissue and serum levels were investigated together. PATIENTS AND METHODS For 85 surgically resected NSCLC patients who had pre-operative serum samplings, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression were investigated using immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue and ELISA in serum. Tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells were assessed separately. RESULTS Higher expression of MMP-1 in tumor cells comparing to stromal cells was related to male gender (P=0.006), ever smoker (P=0.004), and pooly differentiated tumor (P=0.043). For TIMP-1, adenocarcinoma showed higher tumor cell expression, while squamous cell carcinoma showed higher stromal expression (P=0.007). Patients with high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, the presence of vascular invasion, recurrence or death showed higher serum MMP-1 level. There was no correlation between the tissue and serum levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. A tumor/stroma TIMP-1 intensity ratio ≥1 was strongly associated with early recurrence in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio=280.55, 95% confidence intervals; 11.12-7080.45; P=0.001). High serum MMP-1 (≥3,500pg/ml) showed a trend for short overall survival (P=0.080). When serum MMP-1 was combined with CEA level or presence of vascular invasion, its prognostic implication was statistically significant (P=0.045 and P=0.015, respectively). CONCLUSION The tumor/stroma TIMP-1 intensity ratio in tissue is useful to predict tumor recurrence. Serum MMP-1 level showed a possibility as a prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung An
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Kim
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Research Institutes of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Department of Pulmonology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kil Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salaün M, Peng J, Hensley HH, Roder N, Flieder DB, Houlle-Crépin S, Abramovici-Roels O, Sabourin JC, Thiberville L, Clapper ML. MMP-13 In-Vivo Molecular Imaging Reveals Early Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132960. [PMID: 26193700 PMCID: PMC4508003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed in lung cancer and may serve as potential targets for the development of bioactivable probes for molecular imaging. Objective To characterize and monitor the activity of MMPs during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods K-rasLSL-G12D mice were imaged serially during the development of adenocarcinomas using fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and a probe specific for MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13. Lung tumors were identified using FMT and MRI co-registration, and the probe concentration in each tumor was assessed at each time-point. The expression of Mmp2, -3, -9, -13 was quantified by qRT-PCR using RNA isolated from microdissected tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining of overexpressed MMPs in animals was assessed on human lung tumors. Results In mice, 7 adenomas and 5 adenocarcinomas showed an increase in fluorescent signal on successive FMT scans, starting between weeks 4 and 8. qRT-PCR assays revealed significant overexpression of only Mmp-13 in mice lung tumors. In human tumors, a high MMP-13 immunostaining index was found in tumor cells from invasive lesions (24/27), but in none of the non-invasive (0/4) (p=0.001). Conclusion MMP-13 is detected in early pulmonary invasive adenocarcinomas and may be a potential target for molecular imaging of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Salaün
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Laboratoire Quant.I.F - LITIS, EA 4108, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jing Peng
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Biological Imaging Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Navid Roder
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Douglas B Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F - LITIS, EA 4108, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Margie L Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu X, Wei F, Yu J, Zhao H, Jia L, Ye Y, Du R, Ren X, Li H. Matrix metalloproteinase 13: a potential intermediate between low expression of microRNA-125b and increasing metastatic potential of non–small cell lung cancer. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Singla AK, Downey CM, Bebb GD, Jirik FR. Characterization of a murine model of metastatic human non-small cell lung cancer and effect of CXCR4 inhibition on the growth of metastases. Oncoscience 2015; 2:263-71. [PMID: 25897429 PMCID: PMC4394132 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite successful preclinical testing carried out through the use of subcutaneous xenografted tumors, many anti-cancer agents have gone on to fail in human trials. One potential factor accounting for this discrepancy may relate to the inadequacy of the commonly employed preclinical models to recapitulate the human disease, particularly when it comes to discovery of agents that are effective against advanced disease. Herein, we report the characterization of a NSCLC model and an exploration of the impact that a CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, had on NCI-H1299-derived metastasis. These cells express a variety of metastasis-promoting factors, hence we selected them for a study of their metastatic colonization potential. To accomplish this, luciferase-expressing H1299 (H1299-luc2) cells were inoculated into athymic mice via the intracardiac route. This strategy produced adrenal, bone, ovarian, and pancreatic metastases, sites commonly involved in human metastatic NSCLC. Notably, micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation of the skeletal lesions revealed the presence of extensive osteolysis. To investigate the potential role of CXCR4 in mediating metastatic colonization of tissues, AMD3100 was administered to mice inoculated with H1299-luc2 cells. While this treatment did not appreciably alter the frequency of metastatic colonization, it was able to slow the growth of macrometastases. This model, recapitulating some of the events seen in late-stage human NSCLC, may prove useful in the evaluation of new therapies targeting metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Singla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charlene M Downey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gwyn D Bebb
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, and Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R Jirik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seccareccia E, Pinard M, Wang N, Li S, Burnier J, Dankort D, Brodt P. The inhibitor of kappa B kinase-epsilon regulates MMP-3 expression levels and can promote lung metastasis. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e116. [PMID: 25133483 PMCID: PMC5189963 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors that determine the ability of metastatic tumor cells to expand and grow in specific secondary site(s) are not yet fully understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were identified as potential regulators of the site-specificity of metastasis. We found that lung carcinoma cells ectopically expressing high levels of the receptor for the type I insulin like growth factor receptor (M27R cells) had a significant reduction in MMP-3 expression levels and this coincided with reduced metastasis to the lung. We used these cells to further investigate signaling pathways regulating MMP-3 expression and the role that MMP-3 plays in lung metastasis. We show that ectopic IκB kinase ɛ (IKKɛ) expression in these cells partly restored MMP-3 expression levels and also sensitized MMP-3 transcription to induction by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). This increase in MMP-3 production was due to increased activation of several signal transduction mediators, including protein kinase C alpha, ERK2, Akt and the transcription factor p65. Furthermore, reconstitution of MMP-3 expression in M27R cells restored their ability to colonize the lung whereas silencing of MMP-3 in M27 cells reduced metastases. Collectively, our results implicate IKKɛ as a central regulator of PMA-induced cell signaling and MMP-3 expression and identify MMP-3 as an enabler of tumor cell expansion in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Seccareccia
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Pinard
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Wang
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Burnier
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Brodt
- 1] Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in lung cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:251-7. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Gao Y, Song C, Hui L, Li CY, Wang J, Tian Y, Han X, Chen Y, Tian DL, Qiu X, Wang E. Overexpression of RNF146 in non-small cell lung cancer enhances proliferation and invasion of tumors through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85377. [PMID: 24454854 PMCID: PMC3891871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested a possible correlation between the newly identified E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 146 (RNF146) and tumor development. However, until now, studies on RNF146 have been restricted to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and ubiquitin ligation, whereas the role of RNF146 in tumor biology has rarely been reported. In the present study, the role of RNF146 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. The results showed that the expression of RNF146 was increased in clinical lung cancer samples and cell lines. RNF146 expression correlated with tumor size, differentiation level, lymphatic metastasis, pTNM staging, and prognosis of patients in stage I. RNF146 expression was negatively correlated with Axin expression but positively correlated with the nuclear expression of β-catenin in NSCLC tissues. RNF146 downregulated the expression of Axin in lung cancer cell lines and induced the expression and nuclear distribution of β-catenin. Overexpression of RNF146 in NSCLC cell lines increased the levels of cyclinD1, cyclinE, and CDK4, promoted cell cycle G0/G1-S transitions, and regulated cell proliferation. Overexpression of RNF146 led to upregulated levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 7 and enhanced lung cancer cell invasiveness, events that were mediated by the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, the data in the present study indicate that RNF146 regulated the development and progression of NSCLC by enhancing cell growth, invasion, and survival, suggesting that RNF146 may be a potential treatment target in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengyang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Linping Hui
- Laboratory Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun-yu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Da-Li Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weng Y, Cai M, Zhu J, Geng J, Zhu K, Jin X, Ding W. Matrix metalloproteinase activity in early-stage lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:256-9. [PMID: 23689219 DOI: 10.1159/000350304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -9 and -7 are thought to be associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, their possible roles in early-stage lung cancer are not clear. We measured the activity of MMP-2, -7 and -9 in early-stage lung cancer tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Normal lung tissues and cancer tissues were collected from 60 consecutive stage-I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography, and the activity of MMP-7 was determined by casein zymography. Furthermore, the ratio of the active form of MMP-2 in tumor tissue (T) compared with normal tissue (N) was determined, and the survival in the groups with different MMP-2 T:N ratio was compared. RESULTS The activity of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was detected in all cancer and normal tissues. Interestingly, MMP-9 activity was significantly reduced, whereas MMP-2 activity was significantly increased, in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. The survival rate of the MMP-2 T:N ratio > 2.5 group was 57.45%, which was significantly reduced compared with that of the T:N ratio ≤ 2.5 group (86.78%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MMP-2, but not MMP-9 and MMP-7, may be implicated in early-stage tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Weng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Demidyuk IV, Shubin AV, Gasanov EV, Kurinov AM, Demkin VV, Vinogradova TV, Zinovyeva MV, Sass AV, Zborovskaya IB, Kostrov SV. Alterations in gene expression of proprotein convertases in human lung cancer have a limited number of scenarios. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55752. [PMID: 23409034 PMCID: PMC3567108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertases (PCs) is a protein family which includes nine highly specific subtilisin-like serine endopeptidases in mammals. The system of PCs is involved in carcinogenesis and levels of PC mRNAs alter in cancer, which suggests expression status of PCs as a possible marker for cancer typing and prognosis. The goal of this work was to assess the information value of expression profiling of PC genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for the first time to analyze mRNA levels of all PC genes as well as matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP2 and MMP14, which are substrates of PCs, in 30 matched pairs of samples of human lung cancer tumor and adjacent tissues without pathology. Significant changes in the expression of PCs have been revealed in tumor tissues: increased FURIN mRNA level (p<0.00005) and decreased mRNA levels of PCSK2 (p<0.007), PCSK5 (p<0.0002), PCSK7 (p<0.002), PCSK9 (p<0.00008), and MBTPS1 (p<0.00004) as well as a tendency to increase in the level of PCSK1 mRNA. Four distinct groups of samples have been identified by cluster analysis of the expression patterns of PC genes in tumor vs. normal tissue. Three of these groups covering 80% of samples feature a strong elevation in the expression of a single gene in cancer: FURIN, PCSK1, or PCSK6. Thus, the changes in the expression of PC genes have a limited number of scenarios, which may reflect different pathways of tumor development and cryptic features of tumors. This finding allows to consider the mRNAs of PC genes as potentially important tumor markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Demidyuk
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Delmastro MM, Styche AJ, Trucco MM, Workman CJ, Vignali DA, Piganelli JD. Modulation of redox balance leaves murine diabetogenic TH1 T cells "LAG-3-ing" behind. Diabetes 2012; 61:1760-8. [PMID: 22586584 PMCID: PMC3379669 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventing activation of diabetogenic T cells is critical for delaying type 1 diabetes onset. The inhibitory molecule lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) and metalloprotease tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) work together to regulate TH1 responses. The aim of this study was to determine if regulating redox using a catalytic antioxidant (CA) could modulate TACE-mediated LAG-3 shedding to impede diabetogenic T-cell activation and progression to disease. A combination of in vitro experiments and in vivo analyses using NOD mouse strains was conducted to test the effect of redox modulation on LAG-3 shedding, TACE enzymatic function, and disease onset. Systemic treatment of NOD mice significantly delayed type 1 diabetes onset. Disease prevention correlated with decreased activation, proliferation, and effector function of diabetogenic T cells; reduced insulin-specific T-cell frequency; and enhanced LAG-3(+) cells. Redox modulation also affected TACE activation, diminishing LAG-3 cleavage. Furthermore, disease progression was monitored by measuring serum soluble LAG-3, which decreased in CA-treated mice. Therefore, affecting redox balance by CA treatment reduces the activation of diabetogenic T cells and impedes type 1 diabetes onset via decreasing T-cell effector function and LAG-3 cleavage. Moreover, soluble LAG-3 can serve as an early T-cell-specific biomarker for type 1 diabetes onset and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Delmastro
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexis J. Styche
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Massimo M. Trucco
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dario A.A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jon D. Piganelli
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author: Jon D. Piganelli,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia Y, Yeddula N, Leblanc M, Ke E, Zhang Y, Oldfield E, Shaw RJ, Verma IM. Reduced cell proliferation by IKK2 depletion in a mouse lung-cancer model. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:257-65. [PMID: 22327365 PMCID: PMC3290728 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading cancer malignancies with a five-year survival rate of only ~15%. We have developed a lentiviral vector mediated mouse model which allows generation of non-small cell lung cancer from less than one hundred alveolar epithelial cells, and investigated the role of IKK2 and NF-κB in lung cancer development. IKK2 depletion in tumour cells significantly attenuated tumour proliferation and significantly prolonged mouse survival. We identified Timp-1, one of the NF-κB target genes, as a key mediator for tumour growth. Activation of Erk signalling pathway and cell proliferation requires Timp-1 and its receptor CD63. Knockdown of either IKK2 or Timp-1 by shRNAs reduced tumour growth in both xenograft and lentiviral models. Our results, thus suggest the possible application of IKK2 and Timp-1 inhibitors in treating lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xia
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao X, Wang X, Wu W, Gao Z, Wu J, Garfield DH, Wang H, Wang J, Qian J, Li H, Jin L, Li Q, Han B, Lu D, Bai C. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 polymorphisms and clinical outcome of Chinese patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer 2011; 118:3587-98. [PMID: 22072145 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is well known for its critical role in cell survival and cancer development. It also plays an important role in hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. In this study, the authors investigated the association of MMP-2 polymorphisms with treatment efficacy and the occurrence of severe toxicity in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were receiving first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS A pharmacogenetic association study was performed in 663 Chinese patients who had inoperable stage III/IV NSCLC and were receiving first-line, platinum-based regimens. Information about objective response, progression-free survival, overall survival, grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea/vomiting), and hematologic toxicity (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia) was available. Sixteen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MMP-2 were assessed. RESULTS In 7 polymorphisms, significant associations were observed with the incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. The variant homozygotes of reference SNP rs12934241 exhibited the most significant effect on the risk of neutropenia, leading to an incidence rate that increased from 12.3% (for the C/C genotype) to 50% (for the T/T genotype; odds ratio, 8.33; P = 8.8 × 10(-5)). Stratified analyses indicated that rs12934241 exhibited a much stronger influence in the cisplatin-gemcitabine regimen subgroup than subgroups that received other regimens (P(interaction) = .003). Further haplotype analyses produced results that were consistent with results from single-SNP analyses. However, no significant association was observed between MMP-2 polymorphisms and treatment efficacy, including response rate, clinical benefit, progression-free survival, and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for a predictive role of MMP-2 polymorphisms in the variability of severe chemotherapy-related neutropenia among Chinese patients with platinum-treated, advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chetty C, Rao JS, Lakka SS. Matrix metalloproteinase pharmacogenomics in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:535-46. [PMID: 21521025 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma demonstrated considerable variability in its chemoresponse. However, the prospect of individualized medicine holds high hopes for improving patient survival. The study of tumor and patient genetic profiles, relative to drug-related genes, may offer new opportunities for tailoring treatments. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases, which degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and process bioactive mediators involved in promoting aspects of tumor growth. Polymorphisms in MMP genes known to influence the protein-expression patterns has been shown to influence therapy outcomes by altering signaling pathways. In this article, we address the polymorphic association of MMPs in response to chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Advances in genome technology and their comprehensive and systematic deployment to elucidate the genomic basis of MMP differences promise to ultimately enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its toxicity for the treatment of various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramu Chetty
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
HGF/c-Met overexpressions, but not met mutation, correlates with progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:209-18. [PMID: 21779788 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met are suggested to play an important role in progression of solid organ tumors by mediating cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Overexpression of HGF and c-Met have been shown in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their role in tumor progression is not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to determine the role of HGF/c-Met pathway and its association with invasion related markers and clinicopathologic parameters in NSCLC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 63 paraffin-embedded NSCLC tumor sections. The expressions of invasion related markers such as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and 3 and RhoA were also examined. Co-expression of HGF/c-Met was significantly associated with lymph node invasion and TIMP-3 and RhoA overexpressions. There were positive correlation between TIMP-3 overexpression and advanced stage and negative correlation between RhoA overexpression and survival. DNA sequencing for Met mutations in both nonkinase and tyrosine kinase (TK) domain was established. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in sema domain and two SNPs in TK domain of c-Met were found. There was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of c-Met alterations and clinicopathologic parameters except shorter survival time in cases with two SNPs in TK domain. These results suggest that HGF/c-Met might exert their effects in tumor progression in association with RhoA and probably with TIMP-3. The blockade of the HGF/c-Met pathway with RhoA and/or TIMP-3 inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Szarvas T, vom Dorp F, Ergün S, Rübben H. Matrix metalloproteinases and their clinical relevance in urinary bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2011; 8:241-54. [PMID: 21487384 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have important roles in several cancer-supporting cellular processes, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. This broad range of activity has led to considerable interest in the use of MMPs in the clinical setting as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Levels of the different MMPs can be measured in several sample types, including paraffin-embedded or fresh frozen tissue, serum, plasma and urine, and by various analytical methodologies, such as immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western and northern blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and zymography. Several MMPs have been identified as having potential diagnostic or prognostic utility, whether alone or in combination with currently available diagnostic tests or imaging modalities. Although the early broad-spectrum anti-MMP agents showed a lack of efficacy, our continually improving understanding of the complex physiologic and pathologic roles of MMPs might enable the development of new MMP-specific and tumor-specific therapies. Accordingly, MMPs will continue to be the subjects of intensive research in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qian Q, Wang Q, Zhan P, Peng L, Wei SZ, Shi Y, Song Y. The role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:661-9. [PMID: 20394501 DOI: 10.3109/07357901003735634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase2 (MMP-2) expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the electronic database PubMed, EMBASE were searched for relevant articles. The meta-analysis was finally based on 11 studies that included 1,439 patients, and combined HR was 1.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI: 1.37-2.01). Its effect also appeared significant when the analysis was restricted to tumor cell expression and patients with adenocarcinoma (HR 2.08 (95% CI: 1.24-3.48)). This study supported the fact that MMP-2 could be included in further prospective trials studying prognostic factors in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Althoff GEM, Wolfer DP, Timmesfeld N, Kanzler B, Schrewe H, Pagenstecher A. Long-term expression of tissue-inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the murine central nervous system does not alter the morphological and behavioral phenotype but alleviates the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:840-53. [PMID: 20558576 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of closely related proteins that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the central nervous system (CNS), TIMPs 2, 3, and 4 are constitutively expressed at high levels, whereas TIMP1 can be induced by various stimuli. Here, we studied the effects of constitutive expression of TIMP1 in the CNS in transgenic mice. Transgene expression started prenatally and persisted throughout lifetime at high levels. Since MMP activity has been implicated in CNS development, in proper function of the adult CNS, and in inflammatory disorders, we investigated Timp1-induced CNS alterations. Despite sufficient MMP inhibition, high expressor transgenic mice had a normal phenotype. The absence of compensatory up-regulation of MMP genes in the CNS of Timp1 transgenic mice indicates that development, learning, and memory functions do not require the entire MMP arsenal. To elucidate the effects of strong Timp1 expression in CNS inflammation, we induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. We observed a Timp1 dose-dependent mitigation of both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis symptoms and histological lesions in the CNS of transgenic mice. All in all, our data demonstrate that (1) long-term CNS expression of TIMP1 with complete suppression of gelatinolytic activity does not interfere with physiological brain function and (2) TIMP1 might constitute a promising candidate for long-term therapeutic treatment of inflammatory CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioia E M Althoff
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Differential matrix metalloproteinase levels in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:984-90; discussion 990. [PMID: 20304142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the aggressive course of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are a large number of MMP subtypes with diverse proteolytic substrates and different induction pathways. This study tested the hypothesis that a differential MMP profile would exist between NSCLC and normal lung and that MMP patterns would differ between NSCLC histologic types. METHODS NSCLC samples and remote normal samples were obtained from patients with stage I or II NSCLC with either squamous cell (n = 22) or adenocarcinoma (n = 19) histologic characteristics. Absolute concentrations for each of the MMP subclasses were determined by a calibrated and validated multiplex suspension array: collagenases (MMP-1, -8, and -13), gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9), lysins (MMP-2 and -7), and elastase (MMP-12). RESULTS Overall, MMP levels were significantly increased in NSCLC compared with normal. For example, MMP-1 and MMP-7 increased by approximately 10-fold in NSCLC (P < .05). Moreover, a different MMP portfolio was observed between NSCLC histologic types. For example MMP-1, -8, -9, and -12 increased by more than 4-fold in squamous cell versus adenocarcinoma (P < .05). In those patients who had recurrence within 3 years of resection, 3-fold higher levels of MMP-8 and -9 were observed (P < .05). CONCLUSION Increased levels of a number of MMP types occur with NSCLC, but the MMP profile was distinctly different between histologic types and in those patients with recurrence. These different MMP profiles may be important in the mechanistic basis for the natural history of different NSCLC types, as well as identifying potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li S, Zhang D, Yang L, Burnier JV, Wang N, Lin R, Lee ER, Glazer RI, Brodt P. The IGF-I receptor can alter the matrix metalloproteinase repertoire of tumor cells through transcriptional regulation of PKC-{alpha}. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:2013-25. [PMID: 19855090 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) was identified as a tumor progression factor, but its role in invasion and metastasis has been the subject of some controversy. Previously we reported that in murine lung carcinoma M-27 cells, overexpression of IGF-IR increased the synthesis and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 via Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. In contrast, we show here that in these and other cells, IGF-IR overexpression reduced the constitutive and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-inducible expression of three protein kinase C (PKC)-regulated metalloproteinases, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13, in cultured cells as well as in vivo in sc tumors. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the effect of IGF-IR on PKC expression and activity using wild-type and IGF-IR-overexpressing (M-27(IGFIR)) tumor cells. Our results show that overexpression and activation of IGF-IR reduced PKC-alpha expression, PKC activity, and downstream ERK1/2 signaling, and these effects were reversed in cells expressing kinase (Y(1131,1135,1136)F) or C-terminal (Y(1250/51)F) domain mutants of IGF-IR. This reduction was due to transcriptional down-regulation of PKC-alpha as evidenced by reduced PKC-alpha mRNA expression in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner and a blockade of PKC-alpha promoter activation as revealed by a reporter gene assay. Finally, reconstitution of PKC-alpha levels could restore MMP-9 expression levels in these cells. Collectively, these results show that IGF-IR can inhibit PKC-alpha gene transcription and thereby block the synthesis of PMA-regulated MMPs, suggesting that within the same cells, IGF-IR can act as both a positive and negative regulator of MMP expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Background Gene interactions play a central role in transcriptional networks. Many studies have performed genome-wide expression analysis to reconstruct regulatory networks to investigate disease processes. Since biological processes are outcomes of regulatory gene interactions, this paper develops a system biology approach to infer function-dependent transcriptional networks modulating phenotypic traits, which serve as a classifier to identify tissue states. Due to gene interactions taken into account in the analysis, we can achieve higher classification accuracy than existing methods. Results Our system biology approach is carried out by the Bayesian networks framework. The algorithm consists of two steps: gene filtering by Bayes factor followed by collinearity elimination via network learning. We validate our approach with two clinical data. In the study of lung cancer subtypes discrimination, we obtain a 25-gene classifier from 111 training samples, and the test on 422 independent samples achieves 95% classification accuracy. In the study of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) diagnosis, 61 samples determine a 34-gene classifier, whose diagnosis accuracy on 33 independent samples achieves 82%. The performance comparisons with three other popular methods, PCA/LDA, PAM, and Weighted Voting, confirm that our approach yields superior classification accuracy and a more compact signature. Conclusions The system biology approach presented in this paper is able to infer function-dependent transcriptional networks, which in turn can classify biological samples with high accuracy. The validation of our classifier using clinical data demonstrates the promising value of our proposed approach for disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Hsien Chang
- Childrens' Hospital Informatics Program, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deshmukh HS, McLachlan A, Atkinson JJ, Hardie WD, Korfhagen TR, Dietsch M, Liu Y, Di PYP, Wesselkamper SC, Borchers MT, Leikauf GD. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 mediates a phenotypic shift in the airways to increase mucin production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:834-45. [PMID: 19661247 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0328oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Induced mainly by cigarette smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem characterized by progressive difficulty in breathing and increased mucin production. Previously, we reported that acrolein levels found in COPD sputum could activate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). OBJECTIVES To determine whether acrolein increases expression and activity of MMP14, a critical membrane-bound endopeptidase that can initial a MMP-activation cascade. METHODS MMP14 activity and adduct formation were measured following direct acrolein treatment. MMP14 expression and activity was measured in human airway epithelial cells. MMP14 immunohistochemistry was performed with COPD tissue, and in acrolein- or tobacco-exposed mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In a cell-free system, acrolein, in concentrations equal to those found in COPD sputum, directly adducted cysteine 319 in the MMP14 hemopexin-like domain and activated MMP14. In cells, acrolein increased MMP14 activity, which was inhibited by a proprotein convertase inhibitor, hexa-d-arginine. In the airway epithelium of COPD subjects, immunoreactive MMP14 protein increased. In mouse lung, acrolein or tobacco smoke increased lung MMP14 activity and protein. In cells, acrolein-induced MMP14 transcripts were inhibited by an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) neutralizing antibody, EGFR kinase inhibitor, metalloproteinase inhibitor, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3/2 or MAPK8 inhibitors, but not a MAPK14 inhibitor. Decreasing the MMP14 protein and activity in vitro by small interfering (si)RNA to MMP14 diminished the acrolein-induced MUC5AC transcripts. In acrolein-exposed mice or transgenic mice with lung-specific transforming growth factor-alpha (an EGFR ligand) expression, lung MMP14 and MUC5AC levels increased and these effects were inhibited by a EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings implicate acrolein-induced MMP14 expression and activity in mucin production in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Deshmukh
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim JE, Koo KH, Kim YH, Sohn J, Park YG. Identification of potential lung cancer biomarkers using an in vitro carcinogenesis model. Exp Mol Med 2009; 40:709-20. [PMID: 19116456 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.6.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest and commonly diagnosed neoplasms. Early diagnosis of this disease is critical for improving clinical outcome and prognosis. Because the early stages of lung cancer often produce no symptoms, it is necessary to identify biomarkers for early detection, prognostic evaluation, and recurrence monitoring of the cancer. To identify potential lung cancer biomarkers, we analyzed the differential protein secretion from transformed bronchial epithelial cells (1198 and 1170-I) as compared to immortalized normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and non-transformed cells (1799) all of which are derived from BEAS-2B and represent multistage bronchial epithelial carcinogenesis. The proteins recovered from the conditioned media of the cells were separated on two-dimensional gels. There was little difference between the secretome of the BEAS-2B and 1799 cells, whereas the patterns between the transformed 1198 and 1170-I cells and non-transformed 1799 cells were significantly different. Using mass spectrometry and database search, we identified 20 proteins including protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), that were either increased or decreased simultaneously in conditioned media of both 1198 and 1170-I cells. Furthermore, levels of PGP9.5, TCTP, TIMP-2, and TPI were significantly increased not only in the conditioned media of both transformed cell lines when compared to those of BEAS-2B and 1799 cells, but also in plasmas and tissues from lung cancer patients when compared to those in normal controls. We suggest the PGP9.5, TCTP, TIMP-2, and TPI as promising candidates for lung cancer serum biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eiseler T, Döppler H, Yan IK, Goodison S, Storz P. Protein kinase D1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase expression and inhibits breast cancer cell invasion. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R13. [PMID: 19243594 PMCID: PMC2687718 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biological and molecular events that regulate the invasiveness of breast tumour cells need to be further revealed to develop effective therapies that stop breast cancer from expanding and metastasising. METHODS Human tissue samples of invasive breast cancer and normal breast, as well as breast cancer cell lines, were evaluated for protein kinase D (PKD) expression, to test if altered expression could serve as a marker for invasive breast cancer. We further utilised specific PKD1-shRNA and a system to inducibly-express PKD1 to analyse the role of PKD1 in the invasive behaviour of breast cancer cell lines in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture. Invasive behaviour in breast cancer cell lines has been linked to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), so we also determined if PKD1 regulates the expression and activity of these enzymes. RESULTS We found that the serine/threonine kinase, PKD1, is highly expressed in ductal epithelial cells of normal human breast tissue, but is reduced in its expression in more than 95% of all analysed samples of human invasive breast tumours. Additionally, PKD1 is not expressed in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines, whereas non-invasive or very low-invasive breast cancer cell lines express PKD1. Our results further implicate that in MDA-MB-231 cells PKD1 expression is blocked by epigenetic silencing via DNA methylation. The re-expression of constitutively-active PKD1 in MDA-MB-231 cells drastically reduced their ability to invade in 2D and 3D cell culture. Moreover, MCF-7 cells acquired the ability to invade in 2D and 3D cell culture when PKD1 expression was knocked-down by shRNA. PKD1 also regulated the expression of breast cancer cell MMPs, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-13, MMP-14 and MMP-15, providing a potential mechanism for PKD1 mediation of the invasive phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify decreased expression of the PKD1 as a marker for invasive breast cancer. They further suggest that the loss of PKD1 expression increases the malignant potential of breast cancer cells. This may be due to the function of PKD1 as a negative regulator of MMP expression. Our data suggest re-expression of PKD1 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spheroids, Cellular
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Eiseler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Griffin Building, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Griffin Building, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irene K Yan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Griffin Building, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Griffin Building, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms involved is vital for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the mechanistic pathways that underlie chronic inflammation and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of host genetic factors that increase the risk of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Intracellular co-localization of trypsin-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9: Possible proteolytic cascade of trypsin-2, MMP-9 and enterokinase in carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:914-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
Deshmukh HS, Shaver C, Case LM, Dietsch M, Wesselkamper SC, Hardie WD, Korfhagen TR, Corradi M, Nadel JA, Borchers MT, Leikauf GD. Acrolein-activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 contributes to persistent mucin production. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:446-54. [PMID: 18006877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0339oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a global public health problem, is characterized by progressive difficulty in breathing, with increased mucin production, especially in the small airways. Acrolein, a constituent of cigarette smoke and an endogenous mediator of oxidative stress, increases airway mucin 5, subtypes A and C (MUC5AC) production; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, increased mMUC5AC transcripts and protein were associated with increased lung matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mMMP9) transcripts, protein, and activity in acrolein-exposed mice. Increased mMUC5AC transcripts and mucin protein were diminished in gene-targeted Mmp9 mice [Mmp9((-/-))] or in mice treated with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, erlotinib. Acrolein also decreased mTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase protein 3 (an MMP9 inhibitor) transcript levels. In a cell-free system, acrolein increased pro-hMMP9 cleavage and activity in concentrations (100-300 nM) found in sputum from subjects with COPD. Acrolein increased hMMP9 transcripts in human airway cells, which was inhibited by an MMP inhibitor, EGFR-neutralizing antibody, or a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 3/2 inhibitor. Together these findings indicate that acrolein can initiate cleavage of pro-hMMP9 and EGFR/MAPK signaling that leads to additional MMP9 formation. Augmentation of hMMP9 activity, in turn, could contribute to persistent excessive mucin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Deshmukh
- Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Acuff HB, Sinnamon M, Fingleton B, Boone B, Levy SE, Chen X, Pozzi A, Carbone DP, Schwartz DR, Moin K, Sloane BF, Matrisian LM. Analysis of host- and tumor-derived proteinases using a custom dual species microarray reveals a protective role for stromal matrix metalloproteinase-12 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 66:7968-75. [PMID: 16912171 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We used a customized Affymetrix protease microarray (Hu/Mu ProtIn chip) designed to distinguish human and mouse genes to analyze the expression of proteases and protease inhibitors in lung cancer. Using an orthotopic lung cancer model, we showed that murine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K were up-regulated in tumor tissue compared with normal mouse lung. To determine the relevance of stromal proteases detected using this model system, we compared the results to an analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma specimens using the U133 Plus 2.0 Affymetrix microarray. MMP-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K showed an increase in expression in human tumors compared with normal lung similar to that seen in the orthotopic model. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed MMP-12 expression in the stroma of human lung tumor samples. To determine the biological relevance of stromal MMP-12, murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into the tail vein of syngeneic wild-type (WT) and MMP-12-null mice. MMP-12-null and WT mice developed equivalent numbers of lung tumors; however, there was a 2-fold increase in the number of tumors that reached >2 mm in diameter in MMP-12-null mice compared with WT controls. The increase in tumor size correlated with an increase in CD31-positive blood vessels and a decrease in circulating levels of the K1-K4 species of angiostatin. These results show a protective role for stromal MMP-12 in lung tumor growth. The use of the Hu/Mu ProtIn chip allows us to distinguish tumor- and host-derived proteases and guides the further analysis of the significance of these genes in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heath B Acuff
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6840, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Woenckhaus M, Klein-Hitpass L, Grepmeier U, Merk J, Pfeifer M, Wild P, Bettstetter M, Wuensch P, Blaszyk H, Hartmann A, Hofstaedter F, Dietmaier W. Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small-cell lung cancers. J Pathol 2007; 210:192-204. [PMID: 16915569 DOI: 10.1002/path.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. Gene expression in surgically resected and microdissected samples of non-small-cell lung cancers (18 squamous cell carcinomas and nine adenocarcinomas), matched normal bronchial epithelium, and peripheral lung tissue from both smokers (n = 22) and non-smokers (n = 5) was studied using the Affymetrix U133A array. A subset of 15 differentially regulated genes was validated by real-time PCR or immunohistochemistry. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly distinguished between benign and malignant tissue and between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The bronchial epithelium and adenocarcinomas could be divided into the two subgroups of smokers and non-smokers. By comparison of the gene expression profiles in the bronchial epithelium of non-smokers, smokers, and matched cancer tissues, it was possible to identify a signature of 23 differentially expressed genes, which might reflect early cigarette smoke-induced and cancer-relevant molecular lesions in the central bronchial epithelium of smokers. Ten of these genes are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and redox stress (eg AKR1B10, AKR1C1, and MT1K). One gene is a tumour suppressor gene (HLF); two genes act as oncogenes (FGFR3 and LMO3); two genes are involved in matrix degradation (MMP12 and PTHLH); three genes are related to cell differentiation (SPRR1B, RTN1, and MUC7); and five genes have not been well characterized to date. By comparison of the tobacco-exposed peripheral alveolar lung tissue of smokers with non-smokers and with adenocarcinomas from smokers, it was possible to identify a signature of 27 other differentially expressed genes. These genes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics (eg GPX2 and FMO3) and may represent cigarette smoke-induced, cancer-related molecular targets that may be utilized to identify smokers with increased risk for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Woenckhaus
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Integrin-linked kinase inhibitor KP-392 demonstrates clinical benefits in an orthotopic human non-small cell lung cancer model. J Thorac Oncol 2007. [PMID: 17409959 DOI: 10.1097/01243894-200610000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overexpression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been implicated in the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis. We studied the anticancer effects of KP-392, a potent selective inhibitor of ILK in the NCI-H460 cell line. In vitro, KP-392 inhibited ILK activity of H460 cells. In vivo, the effect of KP-392 was investigated in a metastatic H460 orthotopic lung cancer model. METHODS Intraperitoneal KP-392 (5 mg/day per animal) was administered both alone and in combination with cisplatin (5 mg/kg per week for 3 weeks). In group I, all treated animals were followed until death to assess therapeutic effect on survival. In group II, tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated by sacrificing one animal from each treatment when a control animal died. RESULTS Both cisplatin and KP-392 significantly enhanced survival (37.8 +/- 3.7 and 34.9 +/- 5.2 days) compared with the control (30.2 +/- 3.6 days, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0418, respectively), and the survival benefit from combination treatment was greater than that of either agent alone (45.8 +/- 3.9 days, p < 0.0001). Although KP-392 alone did not impact the incidence of metastasis, in combination with cisplatin a consistent trend of inhibition was seen for metastases in the kidney, bone, and the contralateral lung. KP-392 was well tolerated throughout the study. KP-392 demonstrated increased tumor necrosis and decreased nuclear phospho-protein kinase/Akt but did not change the levels of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. CONCLUSIONS ILK inhibitor does not enhance the toxicity of standard chemotherapy and may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in lung cancer.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Pathophysiological molecules in the extracellular environment offer excellent targets that can be exploited for designing drug targeting systems. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular proteolytic enzymes that are characterized by their overexpression or overactivity in several pathologies. Over the last two decades, the MMP literature reveals heightened interest in the research involving MMP biology, pathology and targeting. This review describes various strategies that have been designed to utilize MMPs for targeting therapeutic entities. Key factors that need to be considered in the successful design of such systems have been identified based on the analyses of these strategies. Development of targeted drug delivery using MMPs has been steadily pursued; however, drug delivery efforts using these targets need to be intensified and focused to realize the clinical application of the fast developing fundamental MMP research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali G. Vartak
- The University of Illinois, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Richard A. Gemeinhart
- The University of Illinois, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- The University of Illinois, Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Corresponding Author:Richard A. Gemeinhart, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 South Wood Street (MC 865), Chicago, IL 60612-7231, Voice: (312) 996-2253, Facsimile: (312) 996-2784,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Frey AB, Wali A, Pass H, Lonardo F. Osteopontin is linked to p65 and MMP-9 expression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma but not in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Histopathology 2007; 50:720-6. [PMID: 17493236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein involved in tissue remodelling, cell-mediated immunity and malignant transformation. High OPN serum levels predict poor prognosis in non-small cell carcinoma and set patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM) apart from disease-free asbestos-exposed individuals. Yet neither the spectrum of tissue expression nor the signalling pathways of OPN in MM and pulmonary adenocarcinoma have been characterized, although in vitro evidence links OPN to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. The aim of this study was to address these deficiencies. METHODS AND RESULTS OPN expression was investigated immunohistochemically in 104 adenocarcinomas and 38 MM and correlated with histological features, including tumour type, grade and proliferation and with expression of activated intermediary EGFR signalling pathway molecules p65, p-AKT, p-ERK, p-STAT-3, and of metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9. In MM, OPN expression was widespread (36/38) and independent of the molecular parameters studied. In adenocarcinoma, high OPN expression was correlated with expression of p65, p-ERK and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Frequent OPN expression is typical of, but not specific for MM, whereas it appears to select adenocarcinoma cases with p65 and MMP-9 expression, suggesting a link with EGFR signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Frey
- Department of Pathology, Harper University Hospital, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, 3990 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim SH, Choi HY, Lee J, Son DS, Lee HS, Song IS, Lim YS, Hong YS, Kim J, Choi YS. Elevated activities of MMP-2 in the non-tumorous lung tissues of curatively resected stage I NSCLC patients are associated with tumor recurrence and a poor survival. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95:337-46. [PMID: 17326127 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We wanted to assess whether the level of enzyme activity for a particular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and not the amount of expressed protein, in lung tissue could be used as a reliable prognostic biomarker for tumor recurrence leading to poorer survival in a certain subgroup of patients who have undergone curative resection for stage I human NSCLC. METHODS We determined what type of MMP was significant for tumor recurrence by using a mouse model of pulmonary metastasis with inoculating the footpad with H460 human cancer cells. We then looked for any association between tumor recurrence and the level of enzyme activities for the selected MMP in the tumor and also in the pathologically non-tumorous tissues from 34 stage I lung cancer patients. RESULTS We obtained H460/PM6 cells having a highly metastatic potential after six repeated cycles of pulmonary metastasis by using the mouse footpad inoculated with the metastasized cancer cells in the previous cycle. We started with human lung cancer cells, H460, and we found that among the tested MMPs we tested for, the level of MMP-2 mRNA was elevated. No significant difference was seen in the level of enzyme activity of the MMP-2 cells from the curatively resected tumor tissues of the stage I NSCLC patients who were later found with or without recurrence. However, the level of MMP-2 enzyme activity was found to be significantly different between the non-tumorous lung tissues from patients later found with and without recurrence, and it was associated with the 5-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS This observation suggests that the higher level of MMP-2 enzyme activity in the non-tumorous tissues from the patients could be used as a prognostic biomarker to predict post-operative tumor recurrence and survival for patients with stage I NSCLC. The elevated enzyme activity of MMP-2 in the non-tumorous tissue resected from stage I NSCLC could be used as a prognostic indicator for post-operative tumor recurrence and the patients' poor survival. Further, this could be an important aid for physicians' making decision on whether to subject particular patients to post-operative adjunct chemotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/enzymology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Survival Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hui Kim
- Cancer Research Center, Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bogaczewicz J, Jasielski P, Mosiewicz A, Trojanowski T, Suchozebrska-Jesionek D, Stryjecka-Zimmer M. [The role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in invasion of tumours of neuroepithelial tissue]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2007; 45:291-338. [PMID: 17103354 DOI: 10.1080/10408360801973244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumour invasion requires degradation of extracellular matrix components and migration of cells through degraded structures into surrounding tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) constitute a family of zinc and calcium-dependent endopeptidases that play a key role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix, and in processing of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and cell surface receptors. Their activity is regulated at the levels of transcription, activation and inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). Changes in expression of MMP and TIMP are implicated in tumour invasion, because they may contribute to both migration of tumour cells and angiogenesis. Alterations of MMP expression observed in brain tumours arouse interest in the development and evaluation of synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as antitumour agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Bogaczewicz
- Katedra i Klinika Neurochirurgii i Neurochirurgii Dzieciêcej, Akademia Medyczna im. prof. Feliksa Skubiszewskiego, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Harpole DH, Meyerson SL. Lung cancer staging: proteomics. Thorac Surg Clin 2007; 16:339-43. [PMID: 17240821 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The results of ACOSOG Z4031 may provide landmark information for the use of proteomic profiling to diagnose lung cancer noninvasively and to provide more accurate predictions of survival. Although the technological developments allowing generalized use of proteomic and genomic analyses are relatively recent, major progress in understanding the molecular basis of lung cancer has been made. Predicting survival is only the first step in the use of proteomics. If a reliable protein profile can be identified that is associated with poor prognosis, these proteins can then be identified and become therapeutic targets. It is not difficult to envision a day when a simple blood test will diagnose a lung cancer, perhaps even before it is clinically apparent, and, at the same time, identify the chemotherapeutic agents to which the tumor is sensitive, allowing individually directed treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Harpole
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 8627, 2400 Pratt Street, Room 0311, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chu SC, Yang SF, Liu SJ, Kuo WH, Chang YZ, Hsieh YS. In vitro and in vivo antimetastatic effects of Terminalia catappa L. leaves on lung cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1194-201. [PMID: 17303298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia catappa L. was a popular folk medicine and has several proven biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The present study investigated the effect of the extract of T. catappa leaves (TCE) on invasion and motility of tumor cells to find that TCE exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and motility of highly metastatic A549 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. To further investigate the precise involvement of TCE in tumor metastasis, A549 and LLC cells were treated with TCE at various concentrations, up to 100 microg/mL, for a specified period and results from zymography and Western blotting showed that a TCE treatment may decrease the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, urokinase plasminogen activator and their endogenous inhibitors, that is tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of TCE on the growth and metastasis of LLC cells in vivo was proven. These results indicated that TCE could be applied to be a potential antimetastatic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Chu
- Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim MH, Bodenstine TM, Sumerel LA, Rivera AA, Baker AH, Douglas JT. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 improves antitumor efficacy of a replicating adenovirus in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2006; 5:1647-53. [PMID: 17106248 PMCID: PMC1797074 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.5.12.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies of replicating adenoviruses for the treatment of cancer have demonstrated their safety but have yielded disappointing results, indicating the need for new strategies to improve their efficacy. We hypothesized that the efficacy of a replicating adenovirus could be improved by expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), a 21-kDa unglycosylated secretory protein. TIMP-2 specifically inhibits the active forms of a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play a role in the degradation of basement membranes and the extracellular matrix and are therefore involved in the control of the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, as well as angiogenesis. In addition, TIMP-2 can abrogate tumor growth and angiogenesis by a variety of mechanisms independent of MMP inhibition. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of TIMP-2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of a replicating adenovirus in vivo, by reducing both tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-hee Kim
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bodenstine
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Lucretia A. Sumerel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Angel A. Rivera
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne T. Douglas
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
- Requests for Reprints: Joanne T. Douglas, Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2 412, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA, Tel: +1-205-975-2897; fax: +1-205-975-8565, E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vajner L, Vytásek R, Lachmanová V, Uhlík J, Konrádová V, Novotná J, Hampl V, Herget J. Acute and chronic hypoxia as well as 7-day recovery from chronic hypoxia affects the distribution of pulmonary mast cells and their MMP-13 expression in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2006; 87:383-91. [PMID: 16965566 PMCID: PMC2517379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia results in pulmonary hypertension due to vasoconstriction and structural remodelling of peripheral lung blood vessels. We hypothesize that vascular remodelling is initiated in the walls of prealveolar pulmonary arteries by collagenolytic metalloproteinases (MMP) released from activated mast cells. Distribution of mast cells and their expression of interstitial collagenase, MMP-13, in lung conduit, small muscular, and prealveolar arteries was determined quantitatively in rats exposed for 4 and 20 days to hypoxia as well as after 7-day recovery from 20-day hypoxia (10% O2). Mast cells were identified using Toluidine Blue staining, and MMP-13 expression was detected using monoclonal antibody. After 4, but not after 20 days of hypoxia, a significant increase in the number of mast cells and their MMP-13 expression was found within walls of prealveolar arteries. In rats exposed for 20 days, MMP-13 positive mast cells accumulated within the walls of conduit arteries and subpleurally. In recovered rats, MMP-13 positive mast cells gathered at the prealveolar arterial level as well as in the walls of small muscular arteries; these mast cells stayed also in the conduit part of the pulmonary vasculature. These data support the hypothesis that perivascular pulmonary mast cells contribute to the vascular remodelling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats by releasing interstitial collagenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Vajner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University, Prague.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu J, Costello PC, Pham NA, Pintillie M, Jabali M, Sanghera J, Tsao MS, Johnston MR. Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibitor KP-392 Demonstrates Clinical Benefitsin an Orthotopic Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Model. J Thorac Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(15)30405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
48
|
Leinonen T, Pirinen R, Böhm J, Johansson R, Ropponen K, Kosma VM. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9 in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2006; 51:313-21. [PMID: 16423426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to have a significant role in determining cancer cell behaviour. The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression and prognostic value of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relationship of MMP-7 with beta-catenin was also evaluated. The study consists of 212 patients with resected NSCLC. Tumour samples were stained immunohistochemically, and the expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 was evaluated in both tumour cells and peritumoural stromal tissue. The results were compared to clinicopathological factors of the patients. A high staining of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in tumour cells was noted in 62 (30%) and 113 (57%) cases, respectively. Expression of MMP-7 was noted more often in adenocarcinomas than in other histological types (p=0.022). High cancer cell associated MMP-7 was related to lower T-factor (p=0.037), better tumour differentiation (p=0.005) and normal beta-catenin expression in tumour cells (p=0.001). A high MMP-9 expression in tumour cells was related to poor tumour differentiation (p=0.016). The stromal signal for MMP-9 was observed in 58 (32%) cases and was linked with higher tumour grade (p=0.031). In survival analyses the significant predictors of survival were histological type of tumour and tumour stage (p=0.0009 and 0.0012, respectively). MMP-7 or MMP-9 signals were not related to patient's outcome. The results show that high MMP-9 expression indicates aggressive, and high MMP-7 less aggressive tumour behaviour in NSCLC. However, MMP-7 and MMP-9 expressions had no prognostic value in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tero Leinonen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gueders MM, Foidart JM, Noel A, Cataldo DD. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs in the respiratory tract: potential implications in asthma and other lung diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 533:133-44. [PMID: 16487964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In healthy lung, Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their physiological inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are produced in the respiratory tract by a panel of different structural cells. These activities are mandatory for many physiological processes including development, wound healing and cell trafficking. Deregulation of proteolytic-antiproteolytic network and inappropriate secretion of various MMPs by stimulated structural or inflammatory cells is thought to take part to pathophysiology of numerous lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis and lung cancer. Cytokines and growth factors are involved in these inflammatory processes and some of those mediators interact directly with MMPs and TIMPs leading either to a regulation of their expression or changes in their biological activities by proteolytic cleavage. In turn, cytokines and growth factors modulate secretion of MMPs establishing a complex network of reciprocal interactions. Every MMP seem to play a rather specific role and some variations of their expression are observed in different lung diseases. The precise role of these enzymes and their inhibitors is now studied in depth as they could represent relevant therapeutic targets for many diseases. Indeed, MMP inhibition can lead either to a decrease of the intensity of a pathological process or, in the contrary for some of them, to an increase of disease severity. In this review, we focus on the role played by MMPs and TIMPs in asthma and we provide an overview of their potential roles in COPD, lung fibrosis and lung cancer, with a special emphasis on loops including MMPs and cytokines and growth factors relevant in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Gueders
- Department of Pneumology, Center for Biomedical Integrative Genoproteomics, and University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dong B, Sato M, Sakurada A, Sagawa M, Endo C, Wu S, Yamanaka S, Horii A, Kondo T. Computed tomographic images reflect the biologic behavior of small lung adenocarcinoma: they correlate with cell proliferation, microvascularization, cell adhesion, degradation of extracellular matrix, and K-ras mutation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 130:733-9. [PMID: 16153921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that the computed tomographic M/L ratio (area of the tumor in the mediastinal computed tomographic image/area of the tumor in the lung computed tomographic image) of small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma is correlated with patient prognosis. METHODS Immunostaining for p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor, CD34, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2, and mutation of K-ras was assessed in 131 surgically resected, primary peripheral lung adenocarcinomas of 30 mm or less in maximum diameter to clarify the relationship between computed tomographic findings and biologic activities. RESULTS The numbers of patients with high labeling indexes of Ki-67 and high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD34, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the solid-type group (computed tomographic M/L ratio > or = 50%) were significantly higher than those in the faint density-type group (computed tomographic M/L ratio < 50%; P = .04 for Ki-67, P = .03 for vascular endothelial growth factor, P = .0009 for CD34, P = .001 for matrix metalloproteinase 2, and P = .00001 for matrix metalloproteinase 9). The number of patients with high levels of CD44v6 or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 staining in the faint density-type group was significantly higher than that in the solid-type group (P = .02 for CD44v6 and P = .01 for tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2). Independent variables capable of predicting computed tomographic M/L ratio included CD34, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (P = .0093, P = .0003, P = .0027, and P = .01, respectively; binary logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the computed tomographic image of small lung adenocarcinoma is correlated with biologic activities and thus provides possible prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boming Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|