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Bergeron HC, Hansen MR, Tripp RA. Interferons-Implications in the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2179. [PMID: 37764023 PMCID: PMC10535750 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are an assemblage of signaling proteins made and released by various host cells in response to stimuli, including viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 are major causes of respiratory disease that induce or antagonize IFN responses depending on various factors. In this review, the role and function of type I, II, and III IFN responses to respiratory virus infections are considered. In addition, the role of the viral proteins in modifying anti-viral immunity is noted, as are the specific IFN responses that underly the correlates of immunity and protection from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (H.C.B.); (M.R.H.)
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2
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Lai JY, Ho JX, Kow ASF, Liang G, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Interferon therapy and its association with depressive disorders - A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1048592. [PMID: 36911685 PMCID: PMC9992192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1048592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are important in controlling the innate immune response to viral infections. Besides that, studies have found that IFNs also have antimicrobial, antiproliferative/antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. IFNs are divided into Type I, II and III. Type I IFNs, in particular IFN-α, is an approved treatment for hepatitis C. However, patients developed neuropsychological disorders during treatment. IFN-α induces proinflammatory cytokines, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), oxidative and nitrative stress that intensifies the body's inflammatory response in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. The severity of the immune response is related to behavioral changes in both animal models and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important for synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. However, excess ROS will generate highly reactive free radicals which may lead to neuronal damage and neurodegeneration. The limbic system regulates memory and emotional response, damage of neurons in this region is correlated with mood disorders. Due to the drawbacks of the treatment, often patients will not complete the treatment sessions, and this affects their recovery process. However, with proper management, this could be avoided. This review briefly describes the different types of IFNs and its pharmacological and clinical usages and a focus on IFN-α and its implications on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yung Lai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jian Xiang Ho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gengfan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Padayachee Y, Flicker S, Linton S, Cafferkey J, Kon OM, Johnston SL, Ellis AK, Desrosiers M, Turner P, Valenta R, Scadding GK. Review: The Nose as a Route for Therapy. Part 2 Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:668781. [PMID: 35387044 PMCID: PMC8974912 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.668781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nose provides a route of access to the body for inhalants and fluids. Unsurprisingly it has a strong immune defense system, with involvement of innate (e.g., epithelial barrier, muco- ciliary clearance, nasal secretions with interferons, lysozyme, nitric oxide) and acquired (e.g., secreted immunoglobulins, lymphocytes) arms. The lattice network of dendritic cells surrounding the nostrils allows rapid uptake and sampling of molecules able to negotiate the epithelial barrier. Despite this many respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV2, are initiated through nasal mucosal contact, and the nasal mucosa is a significant "reservoir" for microbes including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and SARS -CoV-2. This review includes consideration of the augmentation of immune defense by the nasal application of interferons, then the reduction of unnecessary inflammation and infection by alteration of the nasal microbiome. The nasal mucosa and associated lymphoid tissue (nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, NALT) provides an important site for vaccine delivery, with cold-adapted live influenza strains (LAIV), which replicate intranasally, resulting in an immune response without significant clinical symptoms, being the most successful thus far. Finally, the clever intranasal application of antibodies bispecific for allergens and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as a topical treatment for allergic and RV-induced rhinitis is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorissa Padayachee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Linton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Allergy Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC), Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - John Cafferkey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn Min Kon
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne K Ellis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Desrosiers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngologie, The University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Turner
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Glenis Kathleen Scadding
- Royal National Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Morgan JC. Drug-induced tremor, clinical features, diagnostic approach and management. J Neurol Sci 2022; 435:120192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Łoniewski I, Misera A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Misiak B, Marlicz W, Samochowiec J. Major Depressive Disorder and gut microbiota - Association not causation. A scoping review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110111. [PMID: 32976952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One very promising hypothesis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) pathogenesis is the gut-brain axis (GBA) dysfunction, which can lead to subclinical inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis dysregulation, and altered neural, metabolic and endocrine pathways. One of the most important parts of GBA is gut microbiota, which was shown to regulate different functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this scoping review was to present the current state of research on the relationship between MDD and gut microbiota and extract causal relationships. Further, we presented the relationship between the use of probiotics and antidepressants, and the microbiota changes. We evaluated the data from 27 studies aimed to investigate microbial fingerprints associated with depression phenotype. We abstracted data from 16 and 11 observational and clinical studies, respectively; the latter was divided into trials evaluating the effects of psychiatric treatment (n = 3) and probiotic intervention (n = 9) on the microbiome composition and function. In total, the data of 1187 individuals from observational studies were assessed. In clinical studies, there were 490 individuals analysed. In probiotic studies, 220 and 218 patients with MDD received the intervention and non-active study comparator, respectively. It was concluded that in MDD, the microbiota is altered. Although the mechanism of this relationship is unknown, we hypothesise that the taxonomic changes observed in patients with MDD are associated with bacterial proinflammatory activity, reduced Schort Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) production, impaired intestinal barrier integrity and neurotransmitter production, impaired carbohydrates, tryptophane and glutamate metabolic pathways. However, only in few publications this effect was confirmed by metagenomic, metabolomic analysis, or by assessment of immunological parameters or intestinal permeability markers. Future research requires standardisation process starting from patient selection, material collection, DNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. We did not observe whether antidepressive medications influence on gut microbiota, but the use of psychobiotics in patients with MDD has great prospects; however, this procedure requires also standardisation and thorough mechanistic research. The microbiota should be treated as an environmental element, which considers the aetiopathogenesis of the disease and provides new possibilities for monitoring and treating patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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6
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Human Type I Interferon Antiviral Effects in Respiratory and Reemerging Viral Infections. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1372494. [PMID: 32455136 PMCID: PMC7231083 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1372494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a group of related proteins that help regulate the activity of the immune system and play a key role in host defense against viral infections. Upon infection, the IFN-I are rapidly secreted and induce a wide range of effects that not only act upon innate immune cells but also modulate the adaptive immune system. While IFN-I and many IFN stimulated genes are well-known for their protective antiviral role, recent studies have associated them with potential pathogenic functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the complex effects of human IFN-I responses in respiratory as well as reemerging flavivirus infections of public health significance and the molecular mechanisms by which viral proteins antagonize the establishment of an antiviral host defense. Antiviral effects and immune modulation of IFN-stimulated genes is discussed in resisting and controlling pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms of these processes will be crucial in determining how viral replication can be effectively controlled and in developing safe and effective vaccines and novel therapeutic strategies.
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7
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Lorenzi M, Arndorfer S, Aguiar-Ibañez R, Scherrer E, Liu FX, Krepler C. An indirect treatment comparison of the efficacy of pembrolizumab versus competing regimens for the adjuvant treatment of stage III melanoma. J Drug Assess 2019; 8:135-145. [PMID: 31489255 PMCID: PMC6713115 DOI: 10.1080/21556660.2019.1649266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy of pembrolizumab relative to other treatments used in stage III melanoma by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: A SLR was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating approved adjuvant treatments including interferon-containing regimens, BRAF-inhibitors, and PD-L1 inhibitors in stage III melanoma patients. Relative treatment effects for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were synthesized with Bayesian NMA models that allowed for hazard ratios (HRs) to vary over time. Results: Included studies formed a connected network of evidence composed of eight trials. In high-risk stage III patients, the HR for pembrolizumab vs observation decreased significantly over time with the superiority of pembrolizumab over observation becoming statistically meaningful before 3 months. By 9 months, the HR for pembrolizumab vs observation was statistically significantly lower than the HR for most other treatments vs observation, with the exception of ipilimumab and biochemotherapy due to overlapping 95% credible intervals. In BRAF + patients, pembrolizumab was statistically significantly better than observation after 3 months. The HR for both BRAF-inhibitors vs observation increased significantly over time and pembrolizumab was statistically superior to both BRAF-inhibitors after 15 months. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab results in statistically significantly improved RFS compared to all competing regimens after 9 months, except ipilimumab and biochemotherapy, for the adjuvant treatment of stage III melanoma. However, point estimate HRs vs observation for pembrolizumab are much lower than those for ipilimumab. In BRAF + patients, the advantage of pembrolizumab versus competing interventions increases over time with respect to RFS.
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Bartels F, Strönisch T, Farmer K, Rentzsch K, Kiecker F, Finke C. Neuronal autoantibodies associated with cognitive impairment in melanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:823-829. [PMID: 30840061 PMCID: PMC6551450 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related cognitive impairment is an important complication in cancer patients, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Over the last decade, the field of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes has been dramatically changed by the discovery of new neuronal autoantibodies, some of them associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of neuronal autoantibodies in melanoma patients and their association with neurological and cognitive dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 157 consecutive melanoma patients with a median age of 63 years were recruited at the Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and tested for neuronal autoantibodies. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was carried out in a selected subgroup of 84 patients after exclusion of patients with confounding factors for a cognitive dysfunction, including brain metastases, relevant medication, and neurological disorders. RESULTS Neuronal autoantibodies were found in 22.3% of melanoma patients. The most frequent antibodies were IgA/IgM anti-NMDAR antibodies. Applying the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force criteria, 36.9% had cognitive impairment, however, with a threefold higher odds in antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative patients (57.1% versus 30.2%, OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.6; P = 0.037). In patients with anti-NMDAR antibodies, this impairment increased with higher antibody titers (P = 0.007). Antibody-positive patients had a significantly impaired overall cognitive performance (z-value: -0.38 ± 0.69 versus 0.00 ± 0.56; P = 0.014) as well as significant impairments in tests of memory, attention, and executive function. In a multiple linear regression analysis, autoantibodies were an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (B = -0.282; 95% CI: -0.492 to -0.071; P = 0.009). Autoantibody seropositivity was associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and a history of autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS A large number of melanoma patients harbor neuronal autoantibodies that are associated with significant cognitive impairment affecting memory, attention, and executive function. Neuronal autoantibodies might represent a pathophysiological factor and possible biomarker in the development of cancer-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bartels
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - T Strönisch
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - K Farmer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
| | - K Rentzsch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck
| | - F Kiecker
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin.
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9
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Chernyshov PV, Lallas A, Tomas-Aragones L, Arenbergerova M, Samimi M, Manolache L, Svensson A, Marron SE, Sampogna F, Spillekom-vanKoulil S, Bewley A, Forsea AM, Jemec GB, Szepietowski JC, Augustin M, Finlay AY. Quality of life measurement in skin cancer patients: literature review and position paper of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Forces on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes, Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:816-827. [PMID: 30963614 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Oriented Outcomes, Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) present a review of the literature and position statement on health-related (HR) QoL assessment in skin cancer patients. A literature search was carried out to identify publications since 1980 that included information about the impact of SC on QoL. Generic, dermatology-specific, cancer-specific, SC-specific, facial SC-specific, NMSC-specific, basal cell carcinoma-specific and melanoma-specific QoL questionnaires have been used to assess HRQoL in SC patients. HRQoL was assessed in the context of creation and validation of the HRQoL instruments, clinical trials, comparison of QoL in SC and other cancers, other diseases or controls, HRQoL assessment after treatment, comorbidities, behaviour modification, predictors of QoL and survival, supportive care needs, coping strategies and fear of cancer recurrence. The most widely used instruments for HRQoL assessment in SC patients are the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma (FACT-M), Skin Cancer Index (SCI), Short Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The TFs recommend the use of the cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30, especially in late stages of disease, and the melanoma-specific FACT-M and SC-specific SCI questionnaires. These instruments have been well validated and used in several studies. Other HRQoL instruments, also with good basic validation, are not currently recommended because the experience of their use is too limited. Dermatology-specific HRQoL instruments can be used to assess the impact of skin-related problems in SC. The TFs encourage further studies to validate HRQoL instruments for use in different stages of SC, in order to allow more detailed practical recommendations on HRQoL assessment in SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Chernyshov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Tomas-Aragones
- Department of Psychology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Arenbergerova
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Samimi
- Dermatology Department, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - L Manolache
- Dermatology, Dali Medical, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Svensson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S E Marron
- Department of Dermatology, Royo Villanova Hospital, Aragon Psychodermatology Research Group (GAI+PD), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Sampogna
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - S Spillekom-vanKoulil
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bewley
- Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK.,The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Forsea
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology and Allergology, Elias University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G B Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Y Finlay
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Hijano DR, Vu LD, Kauvar LM, Tripp RA, Polack FP, Cormier SA. Role of Type I Interferon (IFN) in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Immune Response and Disease Severity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:566. [PMID: 30972063 PMCID: PMC6443902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children <2 years of age. Increased morbidity and mortality have been reported in high-risk patients, such as premature infants, patients with cardiac disease, and severely immune compromised patients. Severe disease is associated with the virulence of the virus as well as host factors specifically including the innate immune response. The role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the response to RSV infection is important in regulating the rate of virus clearance and in directing the character of the immune response, which is normally associated with protection and less severe disease. Two RSV non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2, as well as the envelope G glycoprotein are known to suppress type I IFN production and a robust type I IFN response to RSV does not occur in human infants or neonatal mouse models of RSV infection. Additionally, presence of type I IFNs are associated with mild symptoms in infants and administration of IFN-α prior to infection of neonatal mice with RSV reduces immunopathology. This evidence has driven RSV prophylaxis and therapeutic efforts to consider strategies for enhancing type I IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Hijano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Luan D Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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11
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Dooley LN, Kuhlman KR, Robles TF, Eisenberger NI, Craske MG, Bower JE. The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:219-237. [PMID: 30201219 PMCID: PMC6192535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has implicated inflammation in the development of depression. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of depression has impeded efforts to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the connections between inflammation and established core features of depression that exhibit more homogeneity than the syndrome itself: exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, decreased cognitive control, and somatic syndrome. For each core feature, we first provide a brief overview of its relevance to depression and neurobiological underpinnings, and then review evidence investigating a potential role of inflammation. We focus primarily on findings from experimental paradigms of exogenously-induced inflammation. We conclude that inflammation likely plays a role in exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward reactivity, and somatic symptoms. There is less evidence supporting an effect of inflammation on cognitive control as assessed by standard neuropsychological measures. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and recommendationsfor how to test the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Theodore F Robles
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Huang Y, Shi X, Li Z, Shen Y, Shi X, Wang L, Li G, Yuan Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang M, Kang Y, Liang Y. Possible association of Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3329-3337. [PMID: 30584306 PMCID: PMC6284853 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s188340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota can affect human behavior and mood in many ways. Several studies have shown that patients with depression were also accompanied with gut microbiota disorder, in which Firmicutes are related to the protective function of intestinal barrier. In this study, we explore the changes and effects of Firmicutes in the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD We recruited 54 subjects, including 27 patients with MDD. Fecal samples were collected for identification by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The study shows that the alpha diversity indices of MDD patients are lower than those of the healthy controls. Firmicutes is the most significantly decreased phylum in the MDD samples. There are totally 13 taxonomic biomarkers with P-value <0.01 from Firmicutes. There are differences in 17 KEGG pathways between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study found that there is a significant disorder of gut microbiota in the patients with depression, in which the Firmicutes decreased significantly. Defects of the Firmicutes may lead to the depression in short-chain fatty acids, which could account for the physiological basis of low-level inflammation of depression. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study and the sample size is comparatively small. Though several diet-related factors were controlled in the study, there is no quantified assessment of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Xing Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,
| | - Zhiyong Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Yang Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Xinxin Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaofei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Beijing Gene Tangram Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Gene Tangram Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Beijing Gene Tangram Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,
| | - Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,
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Liu CS, Adibfar A, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, Lanctôt KL. Evidence for Inflammation-Associated Depression. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2017; 31:3-30. [PMID: 27221622 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter explores the evidence supporting inflammation-associated depression. Data to date suggest a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression wherein one process can drive the other. A wealth of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines - specifically interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α - and depressive symptoms. There is also evidence that this pro-inflammatory state is accompanied by aberrant inflammation-related processes including platelet activation factor hyperactivity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and damage to mitochondria. These complex and interrelated mechanisms can collectively contribute to negative neurobiological outcomes that may, in part, underlie the etiopathology of depression. Mounting evidence has shown a concomitant reduction in both depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations following treatment with pharmacological anti-inflammatory interventions. Taken together, the reviewed preclinical and clinical findings may suggest the existence of a distinct inflammatory subtype of depression in which these patients exhibit unique biochemical and clinical features and may potentially experience improved clinical outcomes with inflammation-targeted pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina S Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Adibfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room FG 08, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4N 3M5.
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Dunn J, Watson M, Aitken JF, Hyde MK. Systematic review of psychosocial outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma. Psychooncology 2016; 26:1722-1731. [PMID: 27696578 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New advanced melanoma therapies are associated with improved survival; however, quality of survivorship, particularly psychosocial outcomes, for patients overall and those treated with newer therapies is unclear. OBJECTIVE Synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence about psychosocial outcomes for advanced (stage III/IV) melanoma patients. METHODS Five databases were searched (01/01/1980 to 31/01/2016). Inclusion criteria were as follows: advanced melanoma patients or sub-group analysis; assessed psychosocial outcomes; and English language. RESULTS Fifty-two studies met review criteria (4 qualitative, 48 quantitative). Trials comprise mostly medical not psychosocial interventions, with psychosocial outcomes assessed within broader quality of life measures. Patients receiving chemotherapy or IFN-alpha showed decreased emotional and social function and increased distress. Five trials of newer therapies appeared to show improvements in emotional and social function. Descriptive studies suggest that patients with advanced, versus localized disease, had decreased emotional and social function and increased distress. Contributors to distress were largely unexplored, and no clear framework described coping/adjustment trajectories. Patients with advanced versus localized disease had more supportive care needs, particularly amount, quality, and timing of melanoma-related information, communication with and emotional support from clinicians. Limitations included: lack of theoretical underpinnings guiding study design; inconsistent measurement approaches; small sample sizes; non-representative sampling; and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Quality trial evidence is needed to clarify the impact of treatment innovations for advanced melanoma on patients' psychosocial well-being. Survivorship research and subsequent translation of that knowledge into programs and services currently lags behind gains in the medical treatment of advanced melanoma, a troubling circumstance that requires immediate and focused attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Dunn
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Maggie Watson
- Pastoral and Psychological Care, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa K Hyde
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Inflammatory cytokine-associated depression. Brain Res 2014; 1617:113-25. [PMID: 25003554 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines can sometimes trigger depression in humans, are often associated with depression, and can elicit some behaviors in animals that are homologous to major depression. Moreover, these cytokines can affect monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems, supporting an overlapping pathoetiology with major depression. This suggests that there could be a specific major depression subtype, inflammatory cytokine-associated depression (ICAD), which may require different therapeutic approaches. However, most people do not develop depression, even when exposed to sustained elevations in inflammatory cytokines. Thus several vulnerabilities and sources of resilience to inflammation-associated depression have been identified. These range from genetic differences in neurotrophic and serotonergic systems to sleep quality and omega-3 fatty acid levels. Replicating these sources of resilience as treatments could be one approach for preventing "ICAD". This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.
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Coppin C. Immunotherapy for renal cell cancer in the era of targeted therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 8:907-19. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.6.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Mocellin S, Lens MB, Pasquali S, Pilati P, Chiarion Sileni V. Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD008955. [PMID: 23775773 PMCID: PMC10773707 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008955.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon alpha is the only agent approved for the postoperative adjuvant treatment of high-risk cutaneous melanoma. However, the survival advantage associated with this treatment is unclear, especially in terms of overall survival. Thus, adjuvant interferon is not universally considered a gold standard treatment by all oncologists. OBJECTIVES To assess the disease-free survival and overall survival effects of interferon alpha as adjuvant treatment for people with high-risk cutaneous melanoma. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to August 2012: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library (2012, issue 8), MEDLINE (from 2005), EMBASE (from 2010), AMED (from 1985), and LILACS (from 1982). We also searched trials databases in 2011, and proceedings of the ASCO annual meeting from 2000 to 2011. We checked the reference lists of selected articles for further references to relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interferon alpha to observation (or any other treatment) for the postoperative (adjuvant) treatment of patients with high-risk skin melanoma, that is, people with regional lymph node metastasis (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM (tumour, lymph node, metastasis) stage III) undergoing radical lymph node dissection, or people without nodal disease but with primary tumour thickness greater than 1 mm (AJCC TNM stage II). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors extracted data, and a third author independently verified the extracted data. The main outcome measure was the hazard ratio (HR), which is the ratio of the risk of the event occurring in the treatment arm (adjuvant interferon) compared to the control arm (no adjuvant interferon). The survival data were either entered directly into Review Manager (RevMan) or extrapolated from Kaplan-Meier plots and then entered into RevMan. Based on the presence of between-study heterogeneity, we applied a fixed-effect or random-effects model for calculating the pooled estimates of treatment efficacy. MAIN RESULTS Eighteen RCTs enrolling a total of 10,499 participants were eligible for the review. The results from 17 of 18 of these RCTs, published between 1995 and 2011, were suitable for meta-analysis and allowed us to quantify the therapeutic efficacy of interferon in terms of disease-free survival (17 trials) and overall survival (15 trials). Adjuvant interferon was associated with significantly improved disease-free survival (HR (hazard ratio) = 0.83; 95% CI (confidence interval) 0.78 to 0.87, P value < 0.00001) and overall survival (HR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.97; P value = 0.003). We detected no significant between-study heterogeneity (disease-free survival: I² statistic = 16%, Q-test P value = 0.27; overall survival: I² statistic = 6%; Q-test P value = 0.38).Considering that the 5-year overall survival rate for TNM stage II-III cutaneous melanoma is 60%, the number needed to treat (NNT) is 35 participants (95% CI = 21 to 108 participants) in order to prevent 1 death. The results of subgroup analysis failed to answer the question of whether some treatment features (i.e. dosage, duration) might have an impact on interferon efficacy or whether some participant subgroups (i.e. with or without lymph node positivity) might benefit differently from interferon adjuvant treatment.Grade 3 and 4 toxicity was observed in a minority of participants: In some trials, no-one had fever or fatigue of Grade 3 severity, but in other trials, up to 8% had fever and up to 23% had fatigue of Grade 3 severity. Less than 1% of participants had fever and fatigue of Grade 4 severity. Although it impaired quality of life, toxicity disappeared after treatment discontinuation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis support the therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant interferon alpha for the treatment of people with high-risk (AJCC TNM stage II-III) cutaneous melanoma in terms of both disease-free survival and, though to a lower extent, overall survival. Interferon is also valid as a reference treatment in RCTs investigating new therapeutic agents for the adjuvant treatment of this participant population. Further investigation is required to select people who are most likely to benefit from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Meta-Analysis Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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19
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Zhang B, Gao B, Dong S, Zhang Y, Wu Y. Anti-tumor efficacy and pre-clinical immunogenicity of IFNα2a-NGR. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 60:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Krauze MT, Tarhini A, Gogas H, Kirkwood JM. Prognostic significance of autoimmunity during treatment of melanoma with interferon. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:385-91. [PMID: 21279809 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the pivotal cooperative group trials in the 1980's-90's,, high-dose interferon (HDI) has been the standard of adjuvant therapy. Despite multiple other trials evaluating potential new therapies in melanoma, HDI remains the only FDA-approved therapy for stage IIB and III melanoma. Initial reports from the more recent phase III international trials of modifications of the original HDI regimen linked the appearance of autoimmunity with improved outcomes of disease. Trials of high-dose interleukin-2, many years earlier, reported anecdotal observations that were consistent with the hypothesis that autoimmunity and clinical benefit of immunotherapies of melanoma are linked with one another. The only prospectively conducted study examining the appearance of clinical and laboratory evidence of autoimmunity during HDI therapy was published by Gogas and colleagues, demonstrating statistically significant impact on relapse-free survival and overall survival. Retrospectively conducted studies of different intermediate dosage regimens of interferon (IFN) have not fully confirmed the linkage of serological evidence of autoimmunity and improved survival outcomes. With the emergence of new immunotherapies in treatment of melanoma, this review highlights the importance of autoimmunity for future applications in melanoma and reviews significant differences of past studies evaluating the appearance of autoimmunity during IFN therapy in high-risk melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal T Krauze
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Depressive Mood Changes and Psychiatric Symptoms During 12-month Low-dose Interferon-α Treatment in Patients With Malignant Melanoma. J Immunother 2010; 33:106-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181b8bdb9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Dickinson MD, Barr CD, Hiscock M, Meyers CA. Cognitive effects of pegylated interferon in individuals with primary brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2009; 95:231-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pawelczyk T, Pawelczyk A, Strzelecki D, Rabe-Jablonska J. Pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin therapy may induce working memory disturbances in chronic hepatitis C patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008; 30:501-8. [PMID: 19061675 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the effect of 12-week pegylated IFNalpha plus ribavirin (peg-IFNalpha/RBV) treatment on cognitive performance in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. METHOD Forty-seven CHC patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: active treatment and control (26 and 21 participants, respectively). Treatment-group patients received peg-IFNalpha/RBV treatment for 48 weeks in standard doses. Control-group patients did not receive the above treatment. Both groups underwent neuropsychological examination at the beginning and after 12 weeks of treatment or observation. Neuropsychological evaluation consisted of Stroop Color-Word Test and Trail Making Test. RESULTS Cognitive performance decreased significantly in the treatment group after 12 weeks of combination therapy, which was not seen in the control group. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that peg-IFNalpha/RBV therapy of CHC patients is related to cognitive performance decline and is a result of IFNalpha-induced neurotransmission abnormalities in the limbic system, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawelczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 8/10 Czechosłowacka Street, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Majer M, Welberg LAM, Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Raison CL, Miller AH. IFN-alpha-induced motor slowing is associated with increased depression and fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:870-80. [PMID: 18258414 PMCID: PMC2497339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-alpha has been used to investigate pathways by which innate immune cytokines influence the brain and behaviour. Previous studies suggest that altered basal ganglia function may contribute to IFN-alpha-induced neuropsychological and behavioural changes. To further examine IFN-alpha effects on neuropsychological functions related to basal ganglia (as well as other brain regions), and explore the relationship between altered neuropsychological function and IFN-alpha-induced depression and fatigue, a selected subset of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was administered to 32 hepatitis C patients at baseline (Visit 1) and following approximately 12 weeks (Visit 2) of either no treatment (n=12) or treatment with IFN-alpha plus ribavirin (n=20). Symptoms of depression and fatigue were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Compared to control subjects, patients treated with IFN-alpha/ribavirin exhibited significant decreases in motor speed as measured in the simple and five-choice movement segments of the CANTAB reaction time task and slower response times in the rapid visual information processing task, a task of sustained attention. Decreased motor speed on the five-choice movement segments of the reaction time task was in turn correlated with increased symptoms of depression and fatigue (R=0.47, p<0.05 and R=0.48, p<0.05, respectively). IFN-alpha/ribavirin treatment had no effects on executive function, decision time in the reaction time task, or target detection accuracy in the sustained attention task. Motor slowing and its correlation with psychiatric symptoms suggest that altered basal ganglia function may contribute to the pathogenesis of IFN-alpha-induced behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Majer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lucile Capuron
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA, Laboratoire de Psychoneuroimmunologie, Université Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Pagnoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Practical guidelines for the management of interferon-α-2b side effects in patients receiving adjuvant treatment for melanoma. Cancer 2008; 112:982-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lotrich FE, Rabinovitz M, Gironda P, Pollock BG. Depression following pegylated interferon-alpha: characteristics and vulnerability. J Psychosom Res 2007; 63:131-5. [PMID: 17662748 PMCID: PMC2104514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha) injections may be capable of triggering depression in some individuals. The first objective was to further characterize this depression and, secondly, to examine whether pre-treatment temperament was correlated with subsequent vulnerability to IFN-alpha. METHODS Twenty-three initially euthymic adults undergoing year-long PEG-IFN-alpha treatment for hepatitis C were evaluated at baseline and then prospectively monitored using both the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS A major depressive episode developed within 3 months in 39%. Principal component analysis of the change in self-report scores after 1 month of treatment demonstrated three orthogonal factors: (i) a specific increase in depression as manifested in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), (ii) an increase in hostility and anxiety, (iii) and a generalized combination of worse symptoms including somatic symptoms on the Symptom Check List (SCL-90). BDI at 1 month was predicted by baseline BDI (r=0.76, P=.004). Hostility at 1 month was predicted by low baseline agreeableness (r=0.75, P=.01). Controlling for baseline BDI scores, categorical major depression was predicted by combined high baseline neuroticism and low agreeableness (combined r=0.66, P=.03). CONCLUSION These initial results (i) support the depressogenic nature of IFN-alpha treatment in a subset of vulnerable individuals, (ii) indicate that some individuals are also independently vulnerable to worsened hostility, and (iii) suggest that it may be possible to clinically predict these vulnerabilities in initially euthymic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis E Lotrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Mitchell MS, Abrams J, Thompson JA, Kashani-Sabet M, DeConti RC, Hwu WJ, Atkins MB, Whitman E, Ernstoff MS, Haluska FG, Jakowatz JG, Das Gupta TK, Richards JM, Samlowski WE, Costanzi JJ, Aronson FR, Deisseroth AB, Dudek AZ, Jones VE. Randomized Trial of an Allogeneic Melanoma Lysate Vaccine With Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Compared With High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b for Resected Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2078-85. [PMID: 17513813 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.10.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with resected stage III melanoma administered active specific immunotherapy and low-dose interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) with the OS achieved using high-dose IFN-α-2b. Patients and Methods An Ad Hoc Melanoma Working Group of 25 investigators treated 604 patients from April 1997 to January 2003. Patients were stratified by sex and number of nodes and were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of treatment with active specific immunotherapy with allogeneic melanoma lysates and low-dose IFN-α-2b (arm 1) or high-dose IFN-α-2b alone for 1 year (arm 2). Active specific immunotherapy was injected subcutaneously (SC) weekly for 4 weeks, at week 8, and bimonthly thereafter. IFN-α-2b SC was begun on week 4 and continued thrice weekly at 5 MU/m2 for 2 years. IFN-α-2b in arm 2 was administered according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1684 study regimen. Results Median follow-up time was 32 months for all patients and 42 months for surviving patients. Median OS time exceeds 84 months in arm 1 and is 83 months in arm 2 (P = .56). Five-year OS rate is 61% in arm 1 and 57% in arm 2. Estimated 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate is 50% in arm 1 and 48% in arm 2, with median RFS times of 58 and 50 months, respectively. The incidence of serious adverse events as a result of treatment was the same in both arms, but more severe neuropsychiatric toxicity was seen in arm 2. Conclusion OS and RFS achieved by active specific immunotherapy and low-dose IFN-α-2b were indistinguishable from those achieved by high-dose IFN-α-2b. Long RFS and OS times were observed in both treatment arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S Mitchell
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine and Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Fontana RJ, Bieliauskas LA, Lindsay KL, Back-Madruga C, Wright EC, Snow KK, Lok ASF, Kronfol Z, Padmanabhan L. Cognitive function does not worsen during pegylated interferon and ribavirin retreatment of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2007; 45:1154-63. [PMID: 17465000 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin can cause or exacerbate depression but its effects on cognitive function are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin adversely impacts cognitive function in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prior nonresponders to interferon were retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 24 (n=177) or 48 weeks (n=57) in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial. Cognitive function was prospectively assessed using a battery of 10 standardized neuropsychological tests at weeks 0, 24, 48, and 72. Cognitive impairment was defined based upon a global deficit score. The Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to assess mood status. The 57 subjects who completed 48 weeks of antiviral therapy reported significant increases in difficulty concentrating, emotional distress, and symptoms of depression, all of which improved after cessation of therapy [P<0.0001, analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Nonetheless, the frequency of cognitive impairment did not increase during the first 24 weeks of treatment in 177 patients (34% versus 32%, P=0.64) nor in the 57 patients completing 48 weeks of treatment (P=0.48, ANOVA). CONCLUSION Retreatment of prior non-responders with peginterferon and ribavirin was not associated with objective evidence of cognitive impairment as measured by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. The lack of cognitive impairment is reassuring and suggests that self-reported symptoms of cognitive dysfunction are more likely related to the systemic and psychiatric side effects of antiviral treatment rather than measurable changes in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0362, USA.
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Meng J, Yan Z, Wu J, Li L, Xue X, Li M, Li W, Hao Q, Wan Y, Qin X, Zhang C, You Y, Han W, Zhang Y. High-yield expression, purification and characterization of tumor-targeted IFN-alpha2a. Cytotherapy 2007; 9:60-8. [PMID: 17354103 DOI: 10.1080/14653240601094322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-alpha has been shown to be effective against hematologic malignancies. However, it is ineffective against most solid tumors and has not been satisfactory because of its toxicity. METHODS The NGR (Asn-Gly-Arg) peptide is a tumor-homing peptide. In order to increase the anti-tumor activity of IFN-alpha2a and lower the dose, we coupled a cyclic NGR peptide with the C terminus of IFN-alpha2a (named IFN-alpha2a-NGR). RESULTS The fusion protein was expressed in E. coli and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of IFN-alpha2a-NGR was >98% and the final purification yield of IFN-alpha2a-NGR was approximately 18 mg/L. The anti-tumor efficacy and the binding ability of IFN-alpha2a-NGR with tumor vasculature were investigated in vitro and in vivo. DISCUSSION Our study has demonstrated that the anti-tumor efficacy of IFN-alpha2a-NGR is significantly increased in comparison with IFN-alpha2a, and IFN-alpha2a-NGR could selectively target tumor vessels. These data indicate that the tumor-homing peptide (NGR) can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha2a against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meng
- Biotechnology Center of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Mistler LA, Brunette MF, Marsh BJ, Vidaver RM, Luckoor R, Rosenberg SD. Hepatitis C Treatment for People With Severe Mental Illness. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2006; 47:93-107. [PMID: 16508020 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.47.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over 4 million people in the United States are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and, if untreated, over 20% of these will progress to more serious disease. Persons with severe mental illness (SMI) have markedly elevated rates of HCV infection, but treatment of persons with SMI and HCV has been controversial. Effective antiviral treatment is available, but side effects include depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. This article reviews the available data on neuropsychiatric side effects of interferon (IFN) treatment, discusses the limitations of the current research, and makes recommendations regarding HCV treatment in persons with SMI.
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Abstract
Tremor is a common complaint for many patients. Caffeine and beta-adrenergic agonists are well-recognised drugs that cause or exacerbate tremors. Other tremorogenic drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, are less well recognised. Recognition of the drugs that can cause or exacerbate tremors can help prompt diagnosis, avoids unnecessary tests, and allows clinicians to quickly take corrective action (usually by discontinuing the tremor-inducing drugs). The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with current information on drugs that are associated with tremor and the correct treatment of these drug-induced tremors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Neurology, Augusta, GA, USA
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Nishihori T, Abdo-Matkiwsky M, Fleishman SB, Blum RH. Severe Action Tremor Related to Interferon-Alpha 2b Therapy for Malignant Melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2005; 28:526. [PMID: 16199995 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000145982.86749.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-alpha 2b is used for adjuvant therapy in malignant melanoma. Neurotoxicity as a side effect has been well described. Resting and action tremor related to interferon have been reported but are relatively uncommon. We report a case of a delayed-onset interferon-related action tremor in a patient with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Melanoma is an increasingly common fatal skin cancer. Many groups are carrying out research on potential treatments for melanoma. One of these approaches has shown that lowering tyrosine can inhibit the growth of melanoma in cell cultures and of B16BL6 melanoma in mice. However, humans cannot tolerate tyrosine-restricted diets for lowering tyrosine because of nausea, vomiting and weight loss. We report here our preparation and characterization of a novel soluble polyhaemoglobin-tyrosinase complex. This preparation prevents native tyrosinase from having adverse effects and from rapid removal after injection. The preparation inhibited murine B16F10 melanoma cell growth in culture and delayed its growth in a mice model. Intravenous injection of the preparation lowers the systemic tyrosine level without causing adverse effects such as vomiting and weight loss in mice. It is therefore possible that this complex could be useful in the treatment of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglan Yu
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Scalori A, Pozzi M, Bellia V, Apale P, Santamaria G, Bordoni T, Redaelli A, Avolio A, Parravicini P, Pioltelli P, Roffi L. Interferon-induced depression: prevalence and management. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37:102-7. [PMID: 15733522 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-induced depression ranges from 0 to 50%. Interferon schedule and a history of psychiatric illnesses are not enough to predict who will develop symptoms and who will not. AIMS To assess the prevalence of depression during interferon therapy; to test whether Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is useful in clinical practice for the early identification of patients at risk of depression; whether and how the depression can be cured. PATIENTS One hundred and eighty-five patients treated with interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Before therapy, all patients underwent a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and a clinical examination, specifically for the identification of depressive symptoms. RESULTS Thirty-one patients developed a psychiatric disorder, 11 of them requiring treatment with anti-depressant drugs. Among the 18 patients with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory positive tests, 16 developed a psychiatric disorder, 8 of them a severe disorder (sensitivity of 0.58; 0.73 for severe disorders). Among the 154 who did not develop psychiatric side effects, 152 had a negative Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (specificity: 0.99). Severe psychiatric disorders were successfully treated with anti-depressant drugs. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric side effects are easy to see during interferon therapy. A psychiatric evaluation should be considered on all patients before treatment. If depression develops, it should be treated aggressively, and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are the anti-depressants of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scalori
- Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Hilsabeck RC, Hassanein TI, Ziegler EA, Carlson MD, Perry W. Effect of interferon-alpha on cognitive functioning in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2005; 11:16-22. [PMID: 15686604 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617705050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been shown to adversely affect cognitive functioning in patients with a variety of medical disorders, but information about the effects of IFN-alpha on cognitive functioning in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IFN-alpha on neuropsychological test performance in CHC patients. Participants were 30 patients with CHC, 11 who underwent IFN-alpha therapy and 19 who did not. All participants were tested at baseline (i.e., pretreatment) and approximately 6 months later with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Test. Results revealed that the treatment group performed significantly worse than untreated CHC patients on Part B of the Trail Making Test after approximately 6 months of treatment. No significant group differences were found on Part A of the Trail Making Test or Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Findings suggest that CHC patients undergoing treatment with IFN-alpha may experience reduced abilities to benefit from practice but suffer no decrements in performance after 6 months of treatment. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and to explore risk factors for susceptibility to IFN-alpha-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Hilsabeck
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Behavioral Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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36
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Yu B, Chang TMS. Effects of long-term oral administration of polymeric microcapsules containing tyrosinase on maintaining decreased systemic tyrosine levels in rats. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:831-7. [PMID: 14999721 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for melanoma, a fatal skin cancer occurring with increasing frequency. Dietary tyrosine restriction lowers systemic tyrosine and suppresses the growth of melanoma in mice, but this is not tolerated by human resulting in nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. We report here the successful use of oral polymeric microcapsules containing tyrosinase to lower the systemic tyrosine level in the rats. We found that microencapsulated tyrosinase incubated with intestinal content of rats selectively lowered the tyrosine level. We then studied the daily oral administration of microencapsulated tyrosinase in rats of one dose a day, two doses a day, and three doses a day over a period of up to 22 days. With three doses a day, the tyrosine levels in the test group decreased to 68.8% of the control group by day 4 and then decreased to 52.6% after this and remained at this level throughout the 22 days test period. This is the level shown earlier by other workers using dietary restriction of tyrosine to result in suppression of growth of melanoma. However, unlike dietary tyrosine restriction, oral tyrosinase microcapsules did not result in adverse effects nor significant differences in growth (weight gain) when compared to the control group. This approach can also be used for the lowering of systemic tyrosine in hypertyrosinemia, an inborn error of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglan Yu
- Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Drummond Street, Rm 1006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Van Gool AR, Kruit WHJ, Engels FK, Stoter G, Bannink M, Eggermont AMM. Neuropsychiatric side effects of interferon-alfa therapy. PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE : PWS 2003; 25:11-20. [PMID: 12661471 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022449613907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Immunotherapy with interferon-alfa (IFN-alfa) is used in a variety of diseases in- and outside clinical trials (e.g., chronic hepatitis, melanoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma). Treatment with IFN-alfa can cause (severe) neuropsychiatric side effects. The purpose of this article is to give an updated review of data on the incidence, manifestations and prediction of psychiatric side effects of immunotherapy with IFN-alfa. Furthermore, the article gives an overview of the management strategies and of the various theories on the pathophysiology of behavioural effects induced by cytokines. METHODS Use was made of computerized searches and of checking cross-references of articles and book chapters. The data on the incidence, manifestations and prediction are arranged by source of information, by target symptoms and by method of ascertainment. RESULTS Different sources of information exist, e.g. adverse event reports of clinical trials, case descriptions and research specifically targeted on neuropsychiatric side effects. IFN-alfa is capable of inducing depressive symptoms and syndromes; the evidence for the induction of other psychiatric side effects is weaker. The depressive syndromes induced by IFN-alfa are in need of a more precise characterization. The results of studies on prediction of side effects are contradictory. Guidelines on managing psychiatric side effects predominantly arise from practical experience and common sense. Patient education plays a pivotal role. At this moment, there is no comprehensive theory on the pathophysiology of cytokine-induced psychiatric side effects. CONCLUSION There is sufficient empirical support for a causal relation between IFN-alfa and the development of depressive symptoms and syndromes. Practical management of neuropsychiatric side effects begins before the start of therapy and should consist of repeated patient education, drug treatment and supportive measures. There are diverging theories on the pathophysiological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Van Gool
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Neurologic complications of chemotherapy are relatively common. The diagnosis of chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity remains a clinical one, and is largely based on the exclusion of other possible causes. The goal of this review is to describe the neurotoxicity associated with established chemothrerapeutic agents and with some of the newer biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies and targeted molecular therapies used in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02446, USA
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Horikawa N, Yamazaki T, Izumi N, Uchihara M. Incidence and clinical course of major depression in patients with chronic hepatitis type C undergoing interferon-alpha therapy: a prospective study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2003; 25:34-8. [PMID: 12583926 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-8343(02)00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the incidence, clinical course and its risk factors for major depression in patients with chronic hepatitis type C undergoing interferon-alpha therapy. Ninety-nine subjects underwent the psychiatric interviews for diagnosis of major depressive episode according to the DSM-IV criteria before the start of interferon therapy, and once every 4 weeks during both the 24-week treatment period and 12 weeks after the end of therapy. Depressive symptoms were also evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Major depression occurred during interferon therapy in 23 patients (23.2%). In 73.9% of them depression occurred within 8 weeks after the start of therapy. Twenty-two patients with depression completed the therapy and 59.1% of them achieved remission by the end of therapy with a mean duration of 11.6 weeks. Although the other 40.9% were not in remission at the end of therapy, they achieved remission within 12 weeks thereafter. The only risk factor for depression was advanced age. Depression occurs frequently among patients with hepatitis type C undergoing interferon-alpha therapy. Such patients require careful observation, and psychiatrists should be sufficiently aware of this significant psychiatric complication of interferon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Horikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Cohen L, Parker PA, Sterner J, De Moor C. Quality of life in patients with malignant melanoma participating in a phase I trial of an autologous tumour-derived vaccine. Melanoma Res 2002; 12:505-11. [PMID: 12394193 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200209000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life (QOL) plays an increasingly important role in the decision-making process and the ultimate acceptability of particular treatments for patients. We prospectively examined QOL in patients with advanced melanoma treated with surgery followed by heat-shock protein peptide complex 96 (HSPPC-96) vaccine, an active, patient-specific immunotherapy. QOL (the RAND 36-Item Health Survey; SF-36) and cancer-related intrusive thoughts (Impact of Event Scale; IES) were measured at the start of treatment, 3 weeks later on the final day of treatment, and at follow-up 1 month later in 30 patients with stage III or IV malignant melanoma. Mixed model analyses revealed no significant change over time in the SF-36 Physical or Mental Component Summary scores, or the IES scores. In comparisons with other populations, at the 1 month follow-up assessment, melanoma patients reported similar QOL to patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received the same treatment, significantly worse QOL on the physical dimensions and similar QOL on the psychosocial and emotional dimensions compared with the general population, similar QOL to patients with type II diabetes, and significantly better QOL on all three dimensions than patients with congestive heart failure. There was also a significant negative association between IES scores at baseline and mental health scores at each time point ( < 0.002 for all). QOL remained stable during treatment with the HSPPC-96 vaccine. In addition, patients who reported high levels of cancer-related intrusive thoughts at the start of treatment reported worse mental health at the end of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cohen
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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41
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Kirkwood JM, Bender C, Agarwala S, Tarhini A, Shipe-Spotloe J, Smelko B, Donnelly S, Stover L. Mechanisms and management of toxicities associated with high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3703-18. [PMID: 12202672 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The toxicity associated with adjuvant high-dose interferon-alfa-2b therapy (HDI) for high-risk melanoma can lead to premature discontinuation. It is important to understand the expected adverse events and their underlying mechanisms and to anticipate and aggressively manage toxicity during treatment in order to ensure that patients receive the maximum therapeutic benefit. METHODS The toxicity profile of HDI was reviewed by examining data from the United States cooperative group trials. Available published data related to the potential mechanisms responsible for the observed adverse events are discussed, and comprehensive recommendations for managing side effects are presented. RESULTS The HDI regimen is associated with acute constitutional symptoms, chronic fatigue, myelosuppression, elevated liver enzyme levels, and neurologic symptoms. The majority of patients tolerate 1 year of therapy with an understanding of the anticipated toxicities in conjunction with appropriate dose modifications and supportive care. Ongoing monitoring for liver dysfunction and hematologic toxicity is critical to ensure safety. Many of the toxicities associated with interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) seem to be the result of endogenous cytokines and their effects on the neuroendocrine system. Recent data have also demonstrated that IFN-alpha suppresses the activity of specific CYP450 isoenzymes and that this correlates with discrete toxicities. Pharmacologic interventions are under study for fatigue and depression. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of IFN-alpha-associated toxicity will lead to more rational and effective supportive care and improved quality of life. CONCLUSION Continued research in this area should lead to improvements in the safety and tolerability of adjuvant therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Cascinelli N, Belli F, MacKie RM, Santinami M, Bufalino R, Morabito A. Effect of long-term adjuvant therapy with interferon alpha-2a in patients with regional node metastases from cutaneous melanoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 358:866-9. [PMID: 11567700 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than half of patients with melanoma that has spread to local draining regional lymph nodes (stage III melanoma) live with no disease for 5 years or longer after surgery. We aimed to see whether interferon alpha-2a increased survival prospects in these patients. METHODS 444 patients from 23 centres in the WHO Melanoma Programme had complete lymphadenectomy for pathologically proven regional nodal spread of melanoma and were randomly assigned to receive either 3 MU subcutaneously of recombinant interferon alpha-2a three times a week for 3 years, or to observation alone after surgery. Patients were stratified by centre, nodes with macroscopic or microscopic melanoma, number of affected nodes, and nodal metastatic spread. Treatment was continued for 3 years or until first sign of relapse. FINDINGS 424 patients entered the study. 5-year disease-free survival of those who had surgery plus interferon alpha-2a was 27.5% (95% CI 21.7-33.6); for those who received surgery alone, survival was 28.4% (22.5-34.6) (p=0.50). Neither Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rates, nor multivariate analysis of survival, showed a difference between those who had surgery and interferon alpha-2a (35%, 95% CI 29-42) and those who had surgery alone (37%, 31-44). INTERPRETATION Patients with melanoma that has spread to the local draining regional lymph nodes tolerate well 3 MU of interferon alpha-2a given subcutaneously three times a week for 3 years, but this treatment does not improve either disease-free or overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cascinelli
- National Cancer Institute, Via G Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
A review of the literature on interferons was conducted and possible roles in neuropsychiatric disorders with affective disturbances are assessed. Interferons and interferon receptors are present in the limbic system where they appear to exert physiological effects pertinent to affect, most potently when levels rise during CNS infections. Interferons interact closely with cytokines and nitric oxide, signaling molecules implicated in depression. Results from knock-out mice suggest a role for interferon-gamma in moderating fear and anxiety, while other lines of evidence point to a role in arousal and circadian rhythms. The interferon-alpha receptor deploys an arginine methyltransferase affecting RNA editing and splicing, which seem to be disrupted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), an effective antidepressant, may owe its effects in the latter disorders in part to variations in the strength of interferon-alpha signaling impacting RNA processing. Antiviral effects of interferons are of interest in lieu of viral theories of affective disorders. Finally, the relative levels of interferons gamma and alpha might play important roles in neural, and glial, development, as well as the dialog between the CNS and the immune system.
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Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sosman JA, Sondak VK, Agarwala SS, Ernstoff MS, Rao U. High-dose interferon alfa-2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB-III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/S9512/C509801. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2370-80. [PMID: 11331315 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.9.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaccine alternatives to high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy (HDI), the current standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma, are of interest because of toxicity associated with HDI. The GM2 ganglioside is a well-defined melanoma antigen, and anti-GM2 antibodies have been associated with improved prognosis. We conducted a prospective, randomized, intergroup trial to evaluate the efficacy of HDI for 1 year versus vaccination with GM2 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and administered with QS-21 (GMK) for 96 weeks (weekly x 4 then every 12 weeks x 8). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had resected stage IIB/III melanoma. Patients were stratified by sex and number of positive nodes. Primary end points were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Eight hundred eighty patients were randomized (440 per treatment group); 774 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. The trial was closed after interim analysis indicated inferiority of GMK compared with HDI. For eligible patients, HDI provided a statistically significant RFS benefit (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47, P = .0015) and OS benefit (HR = 1.52, P = .009) for GMK versus HDI. Similar benefit was observed in the intent-to-treat analysis (RFS HR = 1.49; OS HR = 1.38). HDI was associated with a treatment benefit in all subsets of patients with zero to > or = four positive nodes, but the greatest benefit was observed in the node-negative subset (RFS HR = 2.07; OS HR = 2.71 [eligible population]). Antibody responses to GM2 (ie, titers > or = 1:80) at days 29, 85, 365, and 720 were associated with a trend toward improved RFS and OS (P2 = .068 at day 29). CONCLUSION This trial demonstrated a significant treatment benefit of HDI versus GMK in terms of RFS and OS in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Melanoma Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
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Bender CM, Paraska KK, Sereika SM, Ryan CM, Berga SL. Cognitive function and reproductive hormones in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: a critical review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 21:407-24. [PMID: 11369162 DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deterioration in cognitive function-particularly learning, memory, and attention-has been reported by women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Deficits in cognitive function reported by women with breast cancer are similar to those experienced by women as a consequence of natural or surgical menopause. The basis of these deteriorations may include reductions in reproductive hormone levels, particularly estrogens and progesterones, that occur as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy. This paper critically examines the literature related to the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and reproductive hormone changes on cognitive function in women with breast cancer and suggests direction for future research in this area. The paper proposes a framework for investigation of the problem and discusses the challenges associated with the conduct of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bender
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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46
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Jonasch E, Haluska FG. Interferon in oncological practice: review of interferon biology, clinical applications, and toxicities. Oncologist 2001; 6:34-55. [PMID: 11161227 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.6-1-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED For the past 40 years, various forms of interferon (IFN) have been evaluated as therapy in a number of malignant and non-malignant diseases. With the advent of gene cloning, large quantities of pure IFN became available for clinical study. This paper reviews the biology, pharmacology, and clinical applications of IFN formulations most commonly used in oncology. It then reviews the most common side effects seen in patients treated with IFN, and makes recommendations for the management of IFN-induced toxicity. The major oncological indications for IFN include melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Unfortunately, IFN therapy is associated with significant toxicity, which can be divided into constitutional, neuropsychiatric, hematologic, and hepatic effects. These toxicities have a major impact on the patient's quality of life, and on the physician's ability to optimally treat the patient. Careful attention to all aspects of patient care can result in improved tolerability of this difficult but promising therapy. CONCLUSION a better understanding of IFN biology, indications, side effect profiles, and toxicity management will aid in optimizing its use in the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jonasch
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Malek-Ahmadi P. Mood disorders associated with interferon treatment: theoretical and practical considerations. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35:489-95. [PMID: 11302414 DOI: 10.1345/aph.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the theoretical and clinical aspects of mood disorders associated with interferon treatment and discuss their management. DATA SOURCES Pertinent and selected laboratory/clinical studies, review articles, letters, abstracts, and book chapters on behavioral and mood-related adverse effects of interferons published in English-language journals in the past two decades were identified by MEDLINE (June 1980-June 2000) and manual searches. DATA SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All of the publications identified were reviewed, and the relevant data were included. Studies not using criteria for psychiatric diagnosis or instruments for psychiatnc monitoring were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS Clinical observations and limited research data suggest that interferon treatment may be associated with mood disorders. Mood-related symptoms induced by interferons emerge in a few days or weeks and tend to be dose dependent. Their severity may necessitate discontinuation of interferon therapy and/or the use of antidepressant or antimanic agents. The mechanisms responsible for inducing or exacerbating mood disorders in interferon-treated patients have not been elucidated. There is limited evidence implicating alterations in the serotonin system. CONCLUSIONS While interferon therapy may trigger or induce mood-related symptoms, preexisting or stable concurrent mood disorders in remission do not necessarily constitute a contraindication to treatment with interferons. Mood disorders associated with interferon treatment can present clinical challenges. However, they may promote our understanding of mood disorders in the context of the current biologic theories of depression and mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malek-Ahmadi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA.
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Greenberg DB, Jonasch E, Gadd MA, Ryan BF, Everett JR, Sober AJ, Mihm MA, Tanabe KK, Ott M, Haluska FG. Adjuvant therapy of melanoma with interferon-alpha-2b is associated with mania and bipolar syndromes. Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20000715)89:2<356::aid-cncr21>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zdilar D, Franco-Bronson K, Buchler N, Locala JA, Younossi ZM. Hepatitis C, interferon alfa, and depression. Hepatology 2000; 31:1207-11. [PMID: 10827143 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2000.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Zdilar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Ascierto PA, Palmieri G, Strazzullo M, Daponte A, Botti G, Satriano SM, Motti ML, Mozzillo N. Low doses interferon-alpha in the treatment of high-risk cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Cooperative Group. Ann Oncol 2000; 11:487-90. [PMID: 10847472 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008375418507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P A Ascierto
- National Tumor Institute Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
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