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Flórez González SJ, Stashenko EE, Ocazionez RE, Vinardell MP, Fuentes JL. In vitro Safety Assessment of Extracts and Compounds From Plants as Sunscreen Ingredients. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:243-252. [PMID: 38183303 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231225661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the safety of extracts obtained from plants growing in Colombia, which have previously shown UV-filter/antigenotoxic properties. The compounds in plant extracts obtained by the supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction method were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity measured as cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) and genotoxicity of the plant extracts and some compounds were studied in human fibroblasts using the trypan blue exclusion assay and the Comet assay, respectively. The extracts from Pipper eriopodon and Salvia aratocensis species and the compound trans-β-caryophyllene were clearly cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. Conversely, Achyrocline satureioides, Chromolaena pellia, and Lippia origanoides extracts were relatively less cytotoxic with CC50 values of 173, 184, and 89 μg/mL, respectively. The C. pellia and L. origanoides extracts produced some degree of DNA breaks at cytotoxic concentrations. The cytotoxicity of the studied compounds was as follows, with lower CC50 values representing the most cytotoxic compounds: resveratrol (91 μM) > pinocembrin (144 μM) > quercetin (222 μM) > titanium dioxide (704 μM). Quercetin was unique among the compounds assayed in being genotoxic to human fibroblasts. Our work indicates that phytochemicals can be cytotoxic and genotoxic, demonstrating the need to establish safe concentrations of these extracts for their potential use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Juliana Flórez González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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2
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Ceyca-Contreras JP, Gómez-Ruiz EP, Rios E, García-Vielma C, García-Salas JA. DNA Damage in Bat Blood Leukocytes Using a Chromatin Dispersion Test (CDT): Biomarker of Environmental Genotoxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:59. [PMID: 38602569 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants produce adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Biomonitoring and biomarkers offer a reasonable approach to make these assessments. Induced genetic changes can be using as a biomarker in organisms that react to a given compound in the ecosystem. Monitoring environmental genotoxicity necessitates the choice of model animals known as "sentinels or biological monitors" and the suitability of validated tests for DNA damage evaluation. We aimed to estimate the DNA damage produced by thermal stress in the leukocytes of the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). The DNA damage in bat leukocytes exposed to different temperatures (35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C) was evaluated by the adapted chromatin dispersion test (CDT) and the results were confirmed by the alkaline comet test. The CDT permitted a clear representation of leukocytes with fragmented DNA and of nonfragmented DNA. In addition, we detected nuclear anomalies in relation to cell death cellular swelling, nuclear fragmentation, and chromatin lysis. The alkaline comet assay revealed that the halos of diffuse chromatin include fragmented DNA. The assay of the method employing the CDT is well established, precise, and cost-effective for the routine quantitative analysis of DNA damage on the effect of the leukocytes of bats exposed to thermal stress. This could also apply as a sensitive screening tool for the evaluation of genotoxicity in environmental protection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Juan P Ceyca-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Emma P Gómez-Ruiz
- Parque Ecológico Chipinque, A.B.P., San Pedro Garza García, NL, México
| | - Evelyn Rios
- Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México
| | - Catalina García-Vielma
- Department of Genetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, México
| | - Juan A García-Salas
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México
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3
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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Hacıseyitoğlu AÖ, Doğan TÇ, Dilsiz SA, Canpınar H, Eken A, Bucurgat ÜÜ. Pitavastatin induces caspase-mediated apoptotic death through oxidative stress and DNA damage in combined with cisplatin in human cervical cancer cell line. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:623-640. [PMID: 38053498 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pitavastatin (PITA) is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor to treat hypercholesterolemia and in recent studies is focused that its potential anti-cancer effect. This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of PITA alone and in combination with cisplatin on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro. Cytotoxicity of PITA (5-200 μM) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle analyses were performed in flow cytometry (0.1-100 μM). The evaluation of genotoxic effects and oxidative DNA damage of PITA (2-200 μM) were performed with standard comet assay, formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (fpg)-modified comet assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in HeLa cells. PITA alone reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (20-200, 20-200, and 5-200 μM for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, in MTT). The combined treatment of PITA with cisplatin resulted in significantly greater inhibition of cell viability. ROS and DNA damage increased significantly at 100 μM for 4 h and 20 μM for 24 h, respectively. PITA-induced apoptosis, an increased proportion of sub G1 cells, was monitored, and also, it increased the expression of active caspase-9 and caspase-3 and upregulated cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) by western blotting and caspase 3/8/9 multiple assay kit. We conclude that PITA can be used to efficiently cervical cancer studies, and promising findings have been obtained for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Ökçesiz Hacıseyitoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tuğbagül Çal Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydın Dilsiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Canpınar
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Konig IFM, Chaves Reis A, Braga MA, De Sousa Melo D, Aparecida Oliveira E, Maria Seles Dorneles E, Thomasi SS, Neodini Remedio R, Marcussi S. Comparative toxicological evaluation of carvacrol, acetylcarvacrol anda fipronil-based pesticide in human blood cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:203-212. [PMID: 36541066 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2159428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived chemicals are promising substances to control arthropod pests, although synthetic ones are still the most frequently used. Thus, comparative toxicological studies are needed to determine if natural substances are safe alternatives to replace the use of synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of carvacrol (natural origin), acetylcarvacrol (semi-synthetic) and a fipronil-based pesticide (synthetic). We assessed the effects of these chemicals on hemolytic activity, erythrocytes morphology and leucocyte viability using whole blood from human subjects. Additionally, DNA damage was evaluated through comet and DNA fragmentation assays. Fipronil and carvacrol caused hemolysis at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0%, whereas acetylcarvacrol did not cause hemolysis at 0.5 and 0.75%. Fipronil and carvacrol caused severe alterations in erythrocytes' morphology at 2%, such as ghost erythrocytes, elliptocyte-like shape and rouleau-like shape, presenting only 3.3 and 8.3% normal cells, respectively, at this concentration. However, 73.3% erythrocytes incubated with 2% acetylcarvacrol exhibited normal morphology. Fipronil considerably reduced leucocytes viability, decreasing it to 78% at 2%. Carvacrol and acetylcarvacrol showed no differences in leucocyte viability for 0.5 to 1.0%, but a decrease was observed for 2% carvacrol. The comet assay showed similar DNA damage for fipronil and carvacrol, but it was significantly lower for 1 and 2% acetylcarvacrol. Incubation with genomic DNA showed that only fipronil caused fragmentation of this molecule. Thus, we conclude that carvacrol and fipronil can present similar toxicity at higher concentrations. However, acetylation of carvacrol significantly reduced its toxicity to human blood cells compared with the other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Chaves Reis
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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6
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Wahab WAA, Shafey HI, Mahrous KF, Esawy MA, Saleh SAA. Coculture of bacterial levans and evaluation of its anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3173. [PMID: 38326332 PMCID: PMC10850072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research represents a novel study to assess how coculture affects levan yield, structure, bioactivities, and molecular weight. Among the 16 honey isolates, four bacterial strains recorded the highest levan yield. The Plackett-Burman design showed that the coculture (M) of isolates G2 and K2 had the maximum levan yield (52 g/L) and the effective factors were sucrose, incubation time, and sugarcane bagasse. The CCD showed that the most proper concentrations for maximum levan yield (81 g/L): were 130 g/L of sucrose and 6 g/f of sugarcane bagasse. Levan's backbone was characterized, and the molecular weight was determined. G2 and K2 isolates were identified based on 16 sRNA as Bacillus megaterium strain YM1C10 and Rhizobium sp. G6-1. M levan had promising antioxidant activity (99.66%), slowed the migration activity to a great extent, and recorded 70.70% inhibition against the hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) at 1000 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis in liver cancer cell lines (HePG2) revealed that M levan decreased the expression of CCL20), 2GRB2, and CCR6) genes and was superior to Doxo. While increasing the expression of the IL4R and IL-10 genes. The DNA damage values were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in treated liver cancer cell lines with levan M and Doxo. The results referred to the importance of each of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the molecular weight in levans bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba I Shafey
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Ribeiro O, Gaivão I, Carrola JS. Alkaline Comet Assay to Assess Genotoxicity in Zebrafish Larvae. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:503-514. [PMID: 38285363 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model organism widely used in several research fields due to its characteristics and numerous advantages, such as optical embryo transparency, fully sequenced genome, orthologous genes to humans, small size, high reproductive rate, easy gene editing and relatively low costs. Thus, a number of protocols have been developed that allow the use of this vertebrate model for toxic effect evaluation at various biological levels, including genotoxicity, using the comet assay technique.The comet assay or single-cell gel electrophoresis is a popular and sensitive method to study DNA damage in cells, which is described in this chapter. Briefly, cells suspended in agarose on a microscope slide are lysed, denatured, electrophoresed, neutralized, and stained to study the migration of DNA strand breaks. As a result, cells with increased DNA damage present a high fluorescence intensity and an increase of comet tail length. For the visual score, comets are classified according to the head integrity, tail intensity, and tail length into five classes, namely, class 0 until class 4 (comets with high damage and with almost all the DNA in the tail). These data are used to calculate the Genetic Damage Index (GDI) expressed as Arbitrary Units (AU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondina Ribeiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Soares Carrola
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Artía Z, Ferraro F, Sánchez C, Cerecetto H, Gil J, Pareja L, Alonzo MN, Freire T, Cabrera M, Corvo I. In vitro and in vivo studies on a group of chalcones find promising results as potential drugs against fascioliasis. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108628. [PMID: 37776969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
About a third of the world population is infected by helminth parasites implicated in foodborne trematodiasis. Fascioliasis is a worldwide disease caused by trematodes of the genus Fasciola spp. It generates huge economic losses to the agri-food industry and is currently considered an emerging zoonosis by the World Health Organization (WHO). The only available treatment relies on anthelmintic drugs, being triclabendazole (TCBZ) the drug of choice to control human infections. The emergence of TCBZ resistance in several countries and the lack of an effective vaccine to prevent infection highlights the need to develop new drugs to control this parasitosis. We have previously identified a group of benzochalcones as inhibitors of cathepsins, which have fasciolicidal activity in vitro and are potential new drugs for the control of fascioliasis. We selected the four most active compounds of this group to perform further preclinical studies. The compound's stability was determined against a liver microsomal enzyme fraction, obtaining half-lives of 34-169 min and low intrinsic clearance values (<13 μL/min/mg), as desirable for potential new drugs. None of the compounds were mutagenic or genotoxic and no in vitro cytotoxic effects were seen. Compounds C31 and C34 showed the highest selectivity index against liver fluke cathepsins when compared to human cathepsin L. They were selected for in vivo efficacy studies observing a protective effect, similar to TCBZ, in a mouse model of infection. Our findings strongly encourage us to continue the drug development pipeline for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraima Artía
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Carina Sánchez
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica & Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica & Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Gil
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Producción y Reproducción de Rumiantes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte-Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Pareja
- Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Alonzo
- Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay.
| | - Ileana Corvo
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay.
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Sınacı C, Çelik A, Yetkin D, Çevik S, Güler G. Sulfoxaflor insecticide exhibits cytotoxic or genotoxic and apoptotic potential via oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes cell cultures. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:972-983. [PMID: 36036091 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The need for foodstuff that emerged with the rapidly increasing world population made fertilizers and pesticides inevitable to obtain maximum efficiency from existing agricultural areas. Sulfoxaflor is currently the only member of the new sulfoximine insecticide subclass of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. In the study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro genetic, oxidative damage potential, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of three different concentrations (10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL and 40 µg/mL) of sulfoxaflor insecticide in the cultures of blood lymphocytes. In this study, the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet), Cytokinesis Block Micronuclues Test (MN test), flow cytometry and measurement of Catalase (CAT) enzyme activity were used to determine genotoxic, apoptotic effects and oxidative damage potential, respectively. It found that there is a decrease in CPBI values and Live cell numbers. It was observed an increase in late apoptotic and necrotic cell numbers, Micronucleus frequency, and Comet analysis parameters (GDI and DCP). There is a significant difference between negative control and all concentration of insecticide for Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI) values and late apoptotic, necrotic and viable cell counts. An increase in CAT enzyme levels was observed at 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations compared to control., It is found that CAT enzyme activity was inhibited at concentrations of 40 µg/mL. This study is crucial as it is the first study to investigate the impact of Sulfoxaflor insecticide on peripheral blood lymphocyte cells. The genotoxic, oxidative damage, and apoptotic effects of Sulfoxafluor insecticide on the results obtained and its adverse effects on other organisms raise concerns about health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Sınacı
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayla Çelik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Advanced Technology, Education, Research and Application Center, MersinUniversity, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sertan Çevik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Gizem Güler
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Koňáriková K, Girašková GM, Žitňanová I, Dvořáková M, Rollerová E, Scsuková S, Bizik J, Janubová M, Muchová J. Biological analyses of the effects of TiO2 and PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles on three-dimensional spheroid-based tumor. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S257-S266. [PMID: 37888969 PMCID: PMC10669953 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to monitor the antiproliferative/ cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of both, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the tumor (HT-29, MCF-7, U118MG) and healthy (HEK-293T) cell lines during 2D cultivation and during cultivation in the spheroid form (3D cultivation). Cells or spheroids were cultivated with nanoparticles (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 ?g/ml) for 72 hours. The cytotoxic effect was determined by the MTT test and the genotoxic effect by the comet assay. We found that 2D cultivation of tumor cell lines with PEG-b-PLA and TiO2 nanoparticles had an anti-proliferative effect on human colon cancer cell line HT-29, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human glioma cell line U-118MG during 72h cultivation, but not on control/healthy HEK-293T cells. At the concentrations used, the tested nanoparticles caused no cytotoxic effect on tumor cell lines. Nanoparticles PEG-b-PLA induced significant damage to DNA in HT-29 and MCF-7 cells, while TiO2 nanoparticles in MCF-7 and U-118MG cells. Only PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles caused cytotoxic (IC50 = 7 mikrog/ml) and genotoxic effects on the healthy cell line HEK-293T after 72h cultivation. The cells which were cultivated in spheroid forms were more sensitive to both types of nanoparticles. After 72h cultivation, we observed the cytotoxic effect on both, the tumor and healthy cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koňáriková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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11
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Sroor FM, Mahrous KF, El-Kader HAMA, Othman AM, Ibrahim NS. Impact of trifluoromethyl and sulfonyl groups on the biological activity of novel aryl-urea derivatives: synthesis, in-vitro, in-silico and SAR studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17560. [PMID: 37845243 PMCID: PMC10579241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and prepared a novel series of urea derivatives with/without sulfonyl group in their structures to investigate the impact of the sulfonyl group on the biological activity of the evaluated compounds. Antibacterial investigations indicated that derivatives 7, 8, 9, and 11 had the most antibacterial property of all the compounds examined, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans, with compound 8 being the most active at a MIC value of 4.88 µg/mL. Anti-cancer activity has been tested against eight human cancer cell lines; A549, HCT116, PC3, A431, HePG2, HOS, PACA2 and BJ1. Compounds 7, 8 and 9 emerged IC50 values better than Doxorubicin as a reference drug. Compounds 7 and 8 showed IC50 = 44.4 and 22.4 μM respectively against PACA2 compared to Doxorubicin (IC50 = 52.1 μM). Compound 9 showed IC50 = 17.8, 12.4, and 17.6 μM against HCT116, HePG2, and HOS, respectively. qRT-PCR revealed the down-regulation of PALB2 in compounds 7 and 15 treated PACA2 cells. Also, the down-regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was shown in compound 7 treated PC3 cells. As regard A549 cells, compound 8 decreased the expression level of EGFR and KRAS genes. While compounds 7 and 9 down-regulated TP53 and FASN in HCT116 cells. Molecular docking was done against Escherichia coli enoyl reductase and human Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) and the results showed the promising inhibition of the studied proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid M Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Abdelmageed M Othman
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nada S Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Møller P, Azqueta A, Collia M, Bakuradze T, Richling E, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Bastos VC, Langie SAS, Jensen A, Ristori S, Scavone F, Giovannelli L, Wojewódzka M, Kruszewski M, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Costa C, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Marino M, Del Bo C, Riso P, Zheng C, Shaposhnikov S, Collins A. Inter-laboratory variation in measurement of DNA damage by the alkaline comet assay in the hCOMET ring trial. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:283-294. [PMID: 37228081 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is a simple and versatile method for measurement of DNA damage in eukaryotic cells. More specifically, the assay detects DNA migration from agarose gel-embedded nucleoids, which depends on assay conditions and the level of DNA damage. Certain steps in the comet assay procedure have substantial impact on the magnitude of DNA migration (e.g. electric potential and time of electrophoresis). Inter-laboratory variation in DNA migration levels occurs because there is no agreement on optimal assay conditions or suitable assay controls. The purpose of the hCOMET ring trial was to test potassium bromate (KBrO3) as a positive control for the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay. To this end, participating laboratories used semi-standardized protocols for cell culture (i.e. cell culture, KBrO3 exposure, and cryopreservation of cells) and comet assay procedures, whereas the data acquisition was not standardized (i.e. staining of comets and image analysis). Segregation of the total variation into partial standard deviation (SD) in % Tail DNA units indicates the importance of cell culture procedures (SD = 10.9), comet assay procedures (SD = 12.3), staining (SD = 7.9) and image analysis (SD = 0.5) on the overall inter-laboratory variation of DNA migration (SD = 18.2). Future studies should assess sources of variation in each of these steps. On the positive side, the hCOMET ring trial demonstrates that KBrO3 is a robust positive control for the Fpg-modified comet assay. In conclusion, the hCOMET ring trial has demonstrated a high reproducibility of detecting genotoxic effects by the comet assay, but inter-laboratory variation of DNA migration levels is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Collia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Claudino Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sara Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Biología, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Psicología, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Congying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NorGenotech AS, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Møller P, Azqueta A, Sanz-Serrano J, Bakuradze T, Richling E, Eyluel Bankoglu E, Stopper H, Claudino Bastos V, Langie SAS, Jensen A, Scavone F, Giovannelli L, Wojewódzka M, Kruszewski M, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Costa C, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Marino M, Del Bo C, Riso P, Zheng C, Shaposhnikov S, Collins A. Visual comet scoring revisited: a guide to scoring comet assay slides and obtaining reliable results. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:253-263. [PMID: 37233347 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of DNA migration in the comet assay can be done by image analysis or visual scoring. The latter accounts for 20%-25% of the published comet assay results. Here we assess the intra- and inter-investigator variability in visual scoring of comets. We include three training sets of comet images, which can be used as reference for researchers who wish to use visual scoring of comets. Investigators in 11 different laboratories scored the comet images using a five-class scoring system. There is inter-investigator variation in the three training sets of comets (i.e. coefficient of variation (CV) = 9.7%, 19.8%, and 15.2% in training sets I-III, respectively). However, there is also a positive correlation of inter-investigator scoring in the three training sets (r = 0.60). Overall, 36% of the variation is attributed to inter-investigator variation and 64% stems from intra-investigator variation in scoring between comets (i.e. the comets in training sets I-III look slightly different and this gives rise to heterogeneity in scoring). Intra-investigator variation in scoring was also assessed by repeated analysis of the training sets by the same investigator. There was larger variation when the training sets were scored over a period of six months (CV = 5.9%-9.6%) as compared to 1 week (CV = 1.3%-6.1%). A subsequent study revealed a high inter-investigator variation when premade slides, prepared in a central laboratory, were stained and scored by investigators in different laboratories (CV = 105% and 18%-20% in premade slides with comets from unexposed and hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells, respectively). The results indicate that further standardization of visual scoring is desirable. Nevertheless, the analysis demonstrates that visual scoring is a reliable way of analysing DNA migration in comets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Claudino Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Biología, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Psicología, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Congying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NorGenotech AS, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- NorGenotech AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Sedik AA, Hassan SA, Shafey HI, Khalil WKB, Mowaad NA. Febuxostat attenuates aluminum chloride-induced hepatorenal injury in rats with the impact of Nrf2, Crat, Car3, and MNK-mediated apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28182-9. [PMID: 37340161 PMCID: PMC10359240 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous xenobiotic with known toxicity for both humans and animals. Our study was conducted to investigate the protective role of febuxostat (Feb) against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hepatorenal injury in rats. Hepatorenal injury was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (40 mg/kg b.w.), for 2 months. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (six rats/group). The first group received the vehicle thought the experiment. The second group was considered as a control positive group. The third and fourth groups received oral treatment of Feb (10 mg/kg.b.w.) and (15 mg/kg.b.w.), respectively with AlCl3, concurrently for 2 months. Twenty-four hours, after the last treatment, serum biochemical, molecular, histopathology, and immunohistochemical studies were evaluated. Our findings showed that rats intoxicated with Alcl3 had disturbed biochemical picture. In addition, intoxication with AlCl3 increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, as demonstrated by an increase in malodialdeyde (MDA), carnitine o-acetyltransferase (Crat), and carbonic anhydrase (Car3) with a decrease in glutathione (GSH), MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase (MNK) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression. Furthermore, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the levels of caspase-3 were elevated with sever hepatic and renal pathological changes. Conversely, Feb (15 mg/kg.b.w.) could improve the serum biochemical indices and repressed MDA, Crat, and Car3 levels, whereas it increased GSH, MNK, and Nrf2 levels. Feb inhibited the apoptotic effect of AlCl3 in the liver and kidney by decreasing caspase-3 and TNF-α expression. The protective effect of Feb against AlCl3 toxicity was confirmed by histopathological findings. Moreover, molecular docking studies supported the anti-inflammatory effect of Feb due to its significant binding interactions with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK), and mitogen-activated protein kinases-p38 (MAPK-p38). The findings suggest that Feb system Feb can avert Alcl3-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, and inhibiting the inflammatory cascade and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Soha A Hassan
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba I Shafey
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mowaad
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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15
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Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Schönrock N, Tillmans F, Sebens S, Kähler W, Klapa S, Rieger B, Scherthan H, Koch A. Analysis of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Damage in Osteoblastic Cells after Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040851. [PMID: 37107226 PMCID: PMC10135236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure induces oxidative stress that may lead to DNA damage, which has been observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes or non-human cells. Here, we investigated the impact of hyperbaric conditions on two human osteoblastic cell lines: primary human osteoblasts, HOBs, and the osteogenic tumor cell line SAOS-2. (2) Methods: Cells were exposed to HBO in an experimental hyperbaric chamber (4 ATA, 100% oxygen, 37 °C, and 4 h) or sham-exposed (1 ATA, air, 37 °C, and 4 h). DNA damage was examined before, directly after, and 24 h after exposure with an alkaline comet assay and detection of γH2AX+53BP1 colocalizing double-strand break (DSB) foci and apoptosis. The gene expression of TGFß-1, HO-1, and NQO1, involved in antioxidative functions, was measured with qRT-PCR. (3) Results: The alkaline comet assay showed significantly elevated levels of DNA damage in both cell lines after 4 h of HBO, while the DSB foci were similar to sham. γH2AX analysis indicated a slight increase in apoptosis in both cell lines. The increased expression of HO-1 in HOB and SAOS-2 directly after exposure suggested the induction of an antioxidative response in these cells. Additionally, the expression of TGF-ß1 was negatively affected in HOB cells 4 h after exposure. (4) Conclusions: in summary, this study indicates that osteoblastic cells are sensitive to the DNA-damaging effects of hyperbaric hyperoxia, with the HBO-induced DNA damage consisting largely of single-strand DNA breaks that are rapidly repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schönrock
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Frauke Tillmans
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
- Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wataru Kähler
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klapa
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Bente Rieger
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Naval Institute for Maritime Medicine, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
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17
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Skin Immuno-CometChip in 3D vs. 2D Cultures to Screen Topical Toxins and Skin-Specific Cytochrome Inducers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030630. [PMID: 36980902 PMCID: PMC10048716 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The targets of topical genotoxic agents are basal and stem cells of the skin. These cells may misrepair DNA lesions, resulting in deleterious mutations of tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, the genotoxicity of many compounds has not as yet been determined and needs to be tested using a relevant skin model. To this end, we designed a new high-throughput assay for the detection of agents that create DNA damage in epidermal stem and basal cells and used it to test known DNA-damaging agents. We utilized either 2D epidermal cells or 3D skin equivalents and topically exposed them to different compounds. The Skin Immuno-CometChip assay uses arrays of microwells formed in a collagen/agarose mixture to capture single basal cells in each microwell by virtue of collagen binding to α2β1 integrin, which is present only on basal and stem cells. The presence of β1 integrin was verified by immunofluorescent labeling cells that were then subjected to an electrical field, allowing for the migration of nicked DNA out of the nucleoid in alkali, with the resulting DNA comets stained and imaged. Furthermore, using improved comet detection software allowed for the automated and rapid quantification of DNA damage. Our study indicates that we can accurately predict genotoxicity by using 3D skin cultures, as well as keratinocytes grown in 2D monolayers.
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18
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Chakka R, Vadaguru Dakshinamurthy R, Rawal P, Belladamadagu Appajappa S, Pramanik S. Gallic acid a flavonoid isolated from Euphorbia hirta antagonizes gamma radiation induced radiotoxicity in lymphocytes in vitro. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:146-152. [PMID: 36398419 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was executed to isolate and evaluate gallic acid from Euphorbia hirta for in vitro radioprotective potentials against gamma irradiation caused radiotoxicity in human lymphocytes. METHODS The defatted E. hirta plant material was treated to methanol extraction using the soxhlet device. Bioflavonoids were isolated from the E. hirta methanol extract using column chromatography. In human cells exhibited to gamma radiation, separated flavonoid gallic acid was examined for in vitro radioprotective potentials using the micronucleus test, DNA fragmentation assay, superoxide free radical scavenging method, and apoptic assay. RESULTS The frequency of micronuclei was considerably declined when cells were preprocessed with gallic acid (25 g/mL) before being exhibited to 2 Gy gamma radiation, as determined by the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus test. Similarly, pre-gamma radiation treatment of human cells with gallic acid led in markedly less DNA injury, as assessed by comet metrics like olive tail moment and percent tail DNA. Gallic acid (25 g/mL) given to lymphocytes prior to gamma irradiation considerably decreased the percentage of apoptotic bodies. Gallic acid also considerably lowered the reactive oxygen species concentrations elicited by gamma radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that gallic acid protects lymphocytes isolated from human blood from gamma radiation-induced DNA destruction and anti-apoptotic activity, which could be because of inhibition of free radicals formed by gamma radiation as well as the decline of gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chakka
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Pinkey Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Soma Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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19
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Santos SG, Souza MCO, Barbosa-Junior F, Prodocimo MM, Marcondes FR, Almeida W, Cestari MM, Souza-Bastos LR, Martino-Andrade AJ, Guiloski IC. Evaluation of the toxicity of di-iso-pentyl-phthalate (DiPeP) using the fish Danio rerio as an experimental model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27996-28009. [PMID: 36385344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phthalates constitutes a risk to the health of aquatic environments and organisms. This work aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of di-iso-pentyl-phthalate (DiPeP) at environmentally relevant concentrations of 5, 25, and 125 µg/L in Danio rerio after subchronic exposure for 14 days. DiPeP altered the antioxidant system in the liver (125 μg/L), intestine (25 μg/L), brain, and gills in all concentrations tested. In animals exposed to 125 μg/L, DNA damage was identified in the gills. In addition, loss of cell boundary of hepatocytes, vascular congestion, necrosis in the liver, and presence of immune cells in the intestinal lumen were observed. Erythrocytic nuclear alterations in the blood occurred in animals exposed to 25 μg/L. DiPeP was quantified in muscle tissue at all exposure concentrations, appearing in a concentration-dependent manner. Contaminants such as DiPeP will still be used for a long time, mainly by industries, being a challenge for industry versus environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Gabriel Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, Água Verde, 80.250-200, 1632, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTox), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Barbosa-Junior
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas (ASTox), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Fellip Rodrigues Marcondes
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - William Almeida
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Anderson Joel Martino-Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Silva Jardim, Água Verde, 80.250-200, 1632, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
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20
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Fahmy MA, Hassan EE, Farghaly AA, Hassan ZM. Genotoxicity, DNA damage and sperm defects induced by vinblastine. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1059-1068. [PMID: 36394708 PMCID: PMC9889443 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment with chemotherapy may develop secondary tumors as a result of chemo genotoxicity. Sperm defects is another complication associated with chemo treatment. In this study the genotoxicity of vinblastine (VB) was estimated in both somatic and germ cells. MATERIALS 85 mice were taken. Four single doses of VB at 3, 4.5, 6 and 10 mg/kg and three successive doses at 3, 4.5 and 6 mg/kg were taken for estimation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). Four single doses of VB were involved in estimating the DNA fragmentation, and comet assay. For sperm abnormalities mice were injected with three successive doses of VB at 3, 4.5, and 6 mg/kg. RESULTS The results demonstrated a significant frequency of DNA fragmentation in spleen cells and in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow. Numerical and structural aberrations were recorded with a pronounced number of polyploidy metaphases which reached (11.60%) after treatment with 6 mg/kg for three successive days vs zero for control. VB also induced a significant percentage of CAs in spermatocytes in the form of univalent. Sperm defects in the form of coiled tail, absence of acrosome and shapeless head and a significant DNA damage in the testes were recorded. The frequency of sperm abnormalities reached 11.06 ± 0.14 after treatment with highest tested dose (6 mg/kg) vs 3.04 ± 0.19 for control. CONCLUSION VB is genotoxic in somatic and germ cells. Sperm defects induced by VB are of serious concern to future generations and may affect the fertility of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Fahmy
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Entesar E Hassan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Farghaly
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Ceppi M, Smolkova B, Staruchova M, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Volkovova K, Collins A, Kocan A, Dzupinkova Z, Horska A, Buocikova V, Tulinska J, Liskova A, Mikusova ML, Krivosikova Z, Wsolova L, Kuba D, Rundén-Pran E, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Halašová E, Kyrtopoulos S, Bonassi S, Dusinska M. Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to glass fibres - A human biomonitoring study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 885:503572. [PMID: 36669817 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As part of a large human biomonitoring study, we conducted occupational monitoring in a glass fibre factory in Slovakia. Shopfloor workers (n = 80), with a matched group of administrators in the same factory (n = 36), were monitored for exposure to glass fibres and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The impact of occupational exposure on chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and DNA repair, immunomodulatory markers, and the role of nutritional and lifestyle factors, as well as the effect of polymorphisms in metabolic and DNA repair genes on genetic stability, were investigated. The (enzyme-modified) comet assay was employed to measure DNA strand breaks (SBs) and apurinic sites, oxidised and alkylated bases. Antioxidant status was estimated by resistance to H2O2-induced DNA damage. Base excision repair capacity was measured with an in vitro assay (based on the comet assay). Exposure of workers to fibres was low, but still was associated with higher levels of SBs, and SBs plus oxidised bases, and higher sensitivity to H2O2. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure increased the risk of high levels of SBs by 20%. DNA damage was influenced by antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase (measured in blood). DNA repair capacity was inversely correlated with DNA damage and positively with antioxidant status. An inverse correlation was found between DNA base oxidation and the percentage of eosinophils (involved in the inflammatory response) in peripheral blood of both exposed and reference groups. Genotypes of XRCC1 variants rs3213245 and rs25487 significantly decreased the risk of high levels of base oxidation, to 0.50 (p = 0.001) and 0.59 (p = 0.001), respectively. Increases in DNA damage owing to glass fibre exposure were significant but modest, and no increases were seen in chromosome aberrations or micronuclei. However, it is of concern that even low levels of exposure to these fibres can cause significant genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceppi
- Biostatistics Unit, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia.
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Kazimirova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Magdalena Barancokova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anton Kocan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Dzupinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Horska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Verona Buocikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Tulinska
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Aurelia Liskova
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Zora Krivosikova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislava Wsolova
- Institute of Biophysics, Informatics and BioStatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Kuba
- National Transplant Organization, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Eleonora Martha Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Soterios Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
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22
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Transethosomal Gel for the Topical Delivery of Celecoxib: Formulation and Estimation of Skin Cancer Progression. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010022. [PMID: 36678651 PMCID: PMC9864437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical delivery of therapeutics is a promising strategy for managing skin conditions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors showed a possible target for chemoprevention and cancer management. Celecoxib (CXB) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that impedes cell growth and generates apoptosis in different cell tumors. Herein, an investigation proceeded to explore the usefulness of nano lipid vesicles (transethosomes) (TES) of CXB to permit penetration of considerable quantities of the drug for curing skin cancer. The prepared nanovesicles were distinguished for drug encapsulation efficiency, vesicle size, PDI, surface charge, and morphology. In addition, FT-IR and DSC analyses were also conducted to examine the influence of vesicle components. The optimized formulation was dispersed in various hydrogel bases. Furthermore, in vitro CXB release and ex vivo permeability studies were evaluated. A cytotoxicity study proceeded using A431 and BJ1 cell lines. The expression alteration of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene and DNA damage and fragmentation using qRT-PCR and comet assays were also investigated. Optimized CXB-TES formulation was spherically shaped and displayed a vesicle size of 75.9 ± 11.4 nm, a surface charge of -44.7 ± 1.52 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 88.8 ± 7.2%. The formulated TES-based hydrogel displayed a sustained in vitro CXB release pattern for 24 h with an enhanced flux and permeation across rat skin compared with the control (free drug-loaded hydrogel). Interestingly, CXB-TES hydrogel has a lower cytotoxic effect on normal skin cells compared with TES suspension and CXB powder. Moreover, the level of expression of the CDKN2A gene was significantly (p ≤ 0.01, ANOVA/Tukey) decreased in skin tumor cell lines compared with normal skin cell lines, indicating that TES are the suitable carrier for topical delivery of CXB to the cancer cells suppressing their progression. In addition, apoptosis demonstrated by comet and DNA fragmentation assays was evident in skin cancer cells exposed to CXB-loaded TES hydrogel formulation. In conclusion, our results illustrate that CXB-TES-loaded hydrogel could be considered a promising carrier and effective chemotherapeutic agent for the management of skin carcinoma.
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23
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Sroor FM, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA, Mohamed MF, Elsayed SE, Mahrous KF, Mageed L, Hanafy MK, Ibrahim SA. Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Novel Bis-chalcones Incorporating
the 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole Moiety: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220301151631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
A new series of bis-chalcones 5-10 has been prepared by the condensation reaction of one
equivalent of bis(acetophenones) 3a-f with two equivalents of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
4. The newly prepared compounds 5-10 have been fully characterized and evaluated as in vitro anticancer
agents against a panel of human cancer cell lines A431, A549, PC3, and a normal human skin
fibroblast BJ1.
Aims:
The current work is designed to explore the anti-cancer activity of novel bis-chalcones incorporating
a 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole moiety.
Background:
Chalcones represent one of the most important organic compounds that have been attracting
the interest of many researchers in drug discovery.
Objective:
The present study was carried out to explore anti-cancer activity of novel bis-chalcones incorporating
a 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole moiety as in vitro and in silico studies.
Materials and Methods:
We used the condensation reaction to prepare bis-chalcones incorporating 1,3-
diphenyl-1H-pyrazole moiety. The MTT Assay, Anti-cancer activity, Gene expression, DNA Fragmentation,
DNA Damage, and Molecular docking were investigated.
Results:
Compounds 5 and 9 were found to be the most promising compounds in the prepared series with
IC50 (50.3 and 50.1 μg/ml, respectively) against epidermoid cancer cell line A431 compared to doxorubicin
as a reference drug.
Conclusion:
All of these results showed that chalcones 5 and 9 have promising anti-cancer properties
without cytotoxic effect, which could make them a promising active component for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid M. Sroor
- Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid
Chemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. M. Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza
12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza
12613, Egypt
| | - Magda F. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Karima F. Mahrous
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research
Centre, 12622-Dokki, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Mageed
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif A. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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24
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Tavella RA, Vignol FS, Favero RF, da Silveira TB, Dos Santos M, Garcia EM, da Silva Júnior FMR. DNA damage in Brazilian newborns admitted to NICUs - association with maternal and neonatal outcomes. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503521. [PMID: 36031333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that early-life events can predispose the newborn to a variety of health problems in postnatal life, which can lead to the need for specialized care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These events may be caused by factors intrinsically related to the mother (i.e., lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions), and this interplay between maternal exposure factors and negative outcomes in the neonate can be efficiently monitored through effect biomarkers, such as DNA damage. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the DNA damage and the maternal and neonatal factors associated with the genotoxic outcome using newborns admitted to the NICUs of three hospitals located in the extreme south of Brazil. A total of 81 newborns were evaluated. DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay, and according to the result obtained for the evaluated parameters (tail length, % of tail DNA and tail moment). The investigation of associated factors was performed using the bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. As a result, we observed that the tail moment was the most sensitive parameter to detect differences between variables and genetic outcomes in newborns from NICU. Birthweight and the presence of respiratory diseases were associated with greater risks of DNA damage. Furthermore, the variables family income, sex, head circumference, preterm, birthweight and the presence of respiratory and/or infectious diseases showed a significant statistical difference regarding the groups with and without DNA damage (based on the median of the parameter). While the results of this study will serve as the basis for investigating genetic damage, we encourage that similar studies should be conducted elsewhere in order to confirm these and other outcomes as associated factors with DNA damage in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Adler Tavella
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia Saraçol Vignol
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frizzo Favero
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Britto da Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Edariane Menestrino Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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25
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Fuentes JL, Pedraza Barrera CA, Villamizar Mantilla DA, Flórez González SJ, Sierra LJ, Ocazionez RE, Stashenko EE. Flower Extracts from Ornamental Plants as Sources of Sunscreen Ingredients: Determination by In Vitro Methods of Photoprotective Efficacy, Antigenotoxicity and Safety. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175525. [PMID: 36080288 PMCID: PMC9458080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are sources of sunscreen ingredients that prevent cellular mutations involved in skin cancer and aging. This study investigated the sunscreen properties of the extracts from some ornamental plants growing in Colombia. The UV filter capability of the flower extracts obtained from Rosa centifolia L., Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Schult, and Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook. was examined. Photoprotection efficacies were evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor and critical wavelength. UVB antigenotoxicity estimates measured with the SOS Chromotest were also obtained. Extract cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were studied in human fibroblasts using the trypan blue exclusion and Comet assays, respectively. Major compounds of the promising flower extracts were identified by UHPLC–ESI+–Orbitrap–MS. The studied extracts showed high photoprotection efficacy and antigenotoxicity against UVB radiation, but only the P. latifolia extract showed broad-spectrum photoprotection at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The P. latifolia extract appeared to be safer for human fibroblast cells and the R. centifolia extract was shown to be moderately cytotoxic and genotoxic at the highest assayed concentrations. The I. horsfalliae extract was unequivocally cytotoxic and genotoxic. The major constituents of the promising extracts were as follows: chlorogenic acid, ecdysterone 20E, rhamnetin-rutinoside, cis-resveratrol-diglucoside, trans-resveratrol-diglucoside in P. latifolia; quercetin, quercetin-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and kaempferol-rhamnoside in R. centifolia. The potential of the ornamental plants as sources of sunscreen ingredients was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (GIMG), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Adolfo Pedraza Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (GIMG), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | | | - Silvia Juliana Flórez González
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (GIMG), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Lady Johanna Sierra
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68000, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68000, Colombia
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26
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de Andrade LRM, Guilger-Casagrande M, Germano-Costa T, de Lima R. Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8317. [PMID: 35955452 PMCID: PMC9368950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repellents are among the leading products used against diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. However, their indiscriminate use or high concentrations can cause severe adverse reactions, particularly in children and pregnant women. To protect them, nanotechnology is a promising tool to encapsulate active compounds against degradation, increase their effectiveness, and decrease their toxicity, as it can promote the modified release of the active compound. This study aimed to develop polymeric nanocapsules containing the repellent actives geraniol and icaridin using low concentrations of the active component, with the objective of promoting effective activity and greater safety against adverse reactions. The nanocapsules were developed by the interfacial deposition method, and the physicochemical properties of the nanocapsules were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), release kinetics assay, and mathematical modeling. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and genotoxicity analysis using the comet assay. The developed nanocapsules containing geraniol and icaridin showed mean diameters of 260 nm and 314 nm, respectively, with a polydispersity index < 0.2. The nanocapsules showed encapsulation efficiency values of 73.7 ± 0.1% for icaridin and 98.7 ± 0.1% for geraniol. Morphological analysis showed spherical nanocapsules with low polydispersity. The kinetic parameters calculated using the Korsmeyer−Peppas model indicated an anomalous release profile. Cell viability and genotoxicity analyses showed that the nanocapsules did not alter cell viability or damage DNA. The results demonstrate a promising nanostructured system with good physicochemical characteristics and good stability, with repellent activity against Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renata de Lima
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (L.R.M.d.A.); (M.G.-C.); (T.G.-C.)
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Evaluation of Genetic Damage and Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Erythrocytes of Orochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum Using Migration Groups as a Parameter. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay system is an efficient method used to assess DNA damage and repair; however, it currently provides the average result and, unfortunately, the heterogeneity of DNA damage loses relevance. To take advantage of this heterogeneity, migration groups (MGs) of cell comets can be formed. In this study, genetic damage was quantified in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) 2.5, 5, and 10 mM over two hours) and ultraviolet C radiation (UV-C) for 5, 10, and 15 min using the tail length, tail moment, and migration group parameters. Additionally, blood cells were exposed to UV-C radiation for 5 min and treated post-treatment at 5, 10, and 15 mM ascorbic acid (AA) for two hours. With the MG parameter, it was possible to observe variations in the magnitude of genetic damage. Our data indicate that MGs help to detect basal and induced genetic damage or damage reduction with approximately the same efficiency of the tail length and tail moment parameters. MGs can be a complementary parameter used to assess DNA integrity in species exposed to mutagens.
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Vitamin E and selenium partially prevent cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by T-2 toxin in bovine Leydig cells. Theriogenology 2022; 189:255-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Porto GD, Haupenthal DPDS, Souza PS, Silveira GDB, Nesi RT, Feuser PE, Possato JC, de Andrade VM, Pinho RA, Silveira PCL. Effects of the intranasal application of gold nanoparticles on the pulmonary tissue after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1234-1244. [PMID: 34894049 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of harmful particles appears as a primary factor for the onset and establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke acutely promotes an exacerbated inflammatory response with oxidative stress induction with DNA damage. Administration of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) with 20 nm in different concentrations can revert damages caused by external aggravations. The effects of GNPs in a COPD process have not been observed until now. The objective of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of different doses of GNPs after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke. Thirty male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham; cigarette smoke (CS); CS + GNPs 2.5 mg/L; CS + GNPs 7.5 mg/L and CS + GNPs 22.5 mg/L. The animals were exposed to the commercial cigarette with filter in an acrylic inhalation chamber and treated with intranasal GNPs for five consecutive days. The results demonstrate that exposure to CS causes an increase in inflammatory cytokines, histological changes, oxidative and nitrosive damage in the lung, as well as increased damage to the DNA of liver cells, blood plasma and lung. Among the three doses of GNPs (2.5, 7.5, and 22.5 mg/L) used, the highest dose had better anti-inflammatory effects. However, GNPs at a dose of 7.5 mg/L showed better efficacies in reducing ROS formation, alveolar diameter, and the number of inflammatory cells in histology, in addition to significantly reduced rate of DNA damage in lung cells without additional systemic genotoxicity already caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Duarte Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Soares Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Bem Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Renata Tiscoski Nesi
- Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Jonathann Corrêa Possato
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
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Burns CJ, LaKind JS. Elements to increase translation in pyrethroid epidemiology research: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152568. [PMID: 34954171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides have been the subject of numerous epidemiology studies in the past two decades. We examined the pyrethroids epidemiology literature published between 2016 and 2021. Our objective with this exercise was to inform interested readers regarding information on methodological elements that strengthen a study's use for translation (i.e., use in risk assessment) and to describe aspects of future research methods that could improve utility for decision-making. We focused on the following elements: (i) study design that provided evidence that pyrethroid exposure preceded the outcome, (ii) evidence that the method used for exposure characterization was reliable and sufficiently accurate for the intended purpose, and (iii) use of a robust approach for outcome ascertainment. For each of the 74 studies identified via the literature search, we categorized the methodological elements as Acceptable or Supplemental. A study with three Acceptable elements was considered Relevant for risk assessment purposes. Based on our evaluative approach, 18 (24%) of the 74 publications were considered to be Relevant. These publications were categorized as Acceptable for all three elements assessed: confirmed exposure (N = 24), confirmed outcome (N = 64), exposure preceded the outcome (N = 44). Three of these studies were birth cohorts. There were 15 Relevant publications of adults which included 10 Agricultural Health Study cohort publications of self-reported permethrin. Overall, the majority of the reviewed studies used methods that did not permit a determination that pyrethroid exposure preceded the outcome, and/or did not utilize robust methods for exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment. There is an opportunity for investigators and research sponsors to build on the studies reviewed here and to incorporate more translational approaches to studying exposure/outcome associations related to pesticides and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Burns
- Burns Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, Sanford, MI 48657, USA.
| | - Judy S LaKind
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA
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Sroor FM, Mohamed MF, Abdullah GK, Mahrous KF, Zoheir KMA, Ibrahim SA, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA. Anticancer Activity of New Bis-(3-(Thiophen-2-yl)-1 H-Pyrazol-4-yl)Chalcones: Synthesis, in-Silico, and in-Vitro Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2046616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid M. Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda F. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Khaled Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Sherif A. Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Curcio M, Brindisi M, Cirillo G, Frattaruolo L, Leggio A, Rago V, Nicoletta FP, Cappello AR, Iemma F. Smart Lipid-Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin to Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042386. [PMID: 35216501 PMCID: PMC8876040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, actively-targeted (CD44-receptors) and dual stimuli (pH/redox)-responsive lipid–polymer nanoparticles were proposed as a delivery vehicle of doxorubicin hydrochloride in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. A phosphatidylcholine lipid film was hydrated with a solution of oxidized hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin, chosen as model drug, followed by a crosslinking reaction with cystamine hydrochloride. The obtained spherical nanoparticles (mean diameter of 30 nm) were found to be efficiently internalized in cancer cells by a receptor-mediated endocytosis process, and to modulate the drug release depending on the pH and redox potential of the surrounding medium. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the nanoparticles in enhancing the cytotoxic effect of the free anticancer drug, with the IC50 values being reduced by two and three times in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. The combination of self-assembled phospholipid molecules with a polysaccharide counterpart acting as receptor ligand, and stimuli-responsive chemical moieties, was carried out on smart multifunctional nanoparticles able to actively target breast cancer cells and improve the in vitro anticancer activity of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Curcio
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0984-493011 (M.C.); +39-0984-493208 (G.C.)
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Auguste M, Melillo D, Corteggio A, Marino R, Canesi L, Pinsino A, Italiani P, Boraschi D. Methodological Approaches To Assess Innate Immunity and Innate Memory in Marine Invertebrates and Humans. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:842469. [PMID: 35295223 PMCID: PMC8915809 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.842469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the impact of drugs and contaminants on immune responses requires methodological approaches able to represent real-life conditions and predict long-term effects. Innate immunity/inflammation is the evolutionarily most widespread and conserved defensive mechanism in living organisms, and therefore we will focus here on immunotoxicological methods that specifically target such processes. By exploiting the conserved mechanisms of innate immunity, we have examined the most representative immunotoxicity methodological approaches across living species, to identify common features and human proxy models/assays. Three marine invertebrate organisms are examined in comparison with humans, i.e., bivalve molluscs, tunicates and sea urchins. In vivo and in vitro approaches are compared, highlighting common mechanisms and species-specific endpoints, to be applied in predictive human and environmental immunotoxicity assessment. Emphasis is given to the 3R principle of Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research and to the application of the ARRIVE guidelines on reporting animal research, in order to strengthen the quality and usability of immunotoxicology research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Melillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Rita Marino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Italiani, ; Diana Boraschi,
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Paola Italiani, ; Diana Boraschi,
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Abdellatif AAH, Tolba NS, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Bouazzaoui A, Saleem I, Ali AT. PEG-4000 formed polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cetuximab downregulate p21 &stathmin-1 gene expression in cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 295:120403. [PMID: 35176277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is known to have cytotoxic effects on several human cancer cells in vitro; however, as CTX is poorly water soluble, there is a need for improved formulations can reach cancer cells at high concentrations with low side effects. We developed (PEG-4000) polymeric nanoparticles (PEGNPs) loaded with CTX and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer properties against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. CTX-PEGNPs were formulated using the solvent evaporation technique, and their morphological properties were evaluated. Further, the effects of CTX-PEGNPs on cell viability using the MTT assay and perform gene expression analysis, DNA fragmentation measurements, and the comet assay. CTX-PEGNP showed uniformly dispersed NPs of nano-size range (253.7 ± 0.3 nm), and low polydispersity index (0.16) indicating the stability and uniformity of NPs. Further, the zeta potential of the preparations was -17.0 ± 1.8 mv. DSC and FTIR confirmed the entrapping of CTX in NPs. The results showed IC50 values of 2.26 μg/mL and 1.83 μg/mL for free CTX and CTX-PEGNPs on the A549 cancer cell line, respectively. Moreover, CTX-PEGNPs had a lower IC50 of 1.12 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells than that of free CTX (2.28 μg/mL). The expression levels of p21 and stathmin-1 were significantly decreased in both cell lines treated with CTX-PEGNPs compared to CTX alone. The CTX-PEGNP-treated cells also showed increased DNA fragmentation rates in both cancer cell lines compared with CTX alone. The results indicated that CTX-PEGNP was an improved formulation than CTX alone to induce apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibit cell proliferation through the downregulation of P21 and stathmin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Nahla Sameh Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sadat City University, Monufia 32897, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.; Medical Clinic, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Asmaa T Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt.
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Sroor FM, Othman AM, Aboelenin MM, Mahrous KF. Anticancer and antimicrobial activities of new thiazolyl-urea derivatives: gene expression, DNA damage, DNA fragmentation and SAR studies. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Plitta-Michalak BP, Ramos AA, Pupel P, Michalak M. Oxidative damage and DNA repair in desiccated recalcitrant embryonic axes of Acer pseudoplatanus L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:40. [PMID: 35045819 PMCID: PMC8767751 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plants encounter water stress at one or more different stages of their life cycle. The maintenance of genetic stability is the integral component of desiccation tolerance that defines the storage ability and long-term survival of seeds. Embryonic axes of desiccation-sensitive recalcitrant seeds of Acer pseudoplatnus L. were used to investigate the genotoxic effect of desiccation. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) methodology was optimized and used to provide unique insights into the onset and repair of DNA strand breaks and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) formation during progressive steps of desiccation and rehydration. RESULTS The loss of DNA integrity and impairment of damage repair were significant predictors of the viability of embryonic axes. In contrast to the comet assay, automated electrophoresis failed to detect changes in DNA integrity resulting from desiccation. Notably, no significant correlation was observed between hydroxyl radical (٠OH) production and 8-oxoG formation, although the former is regarded to play a major role in guanine oxidation. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput comet assay represents a sensitive tool for monitoring discrete changes in DNA integrity and assessing the viability status in plant germplasm processed for long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata P. Plitta-Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alice A. Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U. Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Piotr Pupel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Kamel MG, Sroor FM, Othman AM, Mahrous KF, Saleh FM, Hassaneen HM, Abdallah TA, Abdelhamid IA, Teleb MAM. Structure-based design of novel pyrazolyl–chalcones as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents: synthesis and in vitro studies. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Espósito MA, Trento MVC, Braga MA, Marcussi S. Thrombolysis, clotting, and genotoxic activities modulated by essential oils extracted from Lippia alba. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022000x2e20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Helmy MT, Sroor FM, Mahrous KF, Mahmoud K, Hassaneen HM, Saleh FM, Abdelhamid IA, Mohamed Teleb MA. Anticancer activity of novel 3-(furan-2-yl)pyrazolyl and 3-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrazolyl hybrid chalcones: Synthesis and in vitro studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100381. [PMID: 34939695 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel chalcone derivatives were prepared using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The reaction of 4-acetyl-5-furan/thiophene-pyrazole derivatives 5 with the corresponding aldehydes 6 afforded the targeted chalcone derivatives 7a-l in good yields. The newly synthesized chalcones were fully characterized by spectrometric and elemental analyses. The in vitro anticancer activities of the novel compounds 7a-l were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), MCF7 (human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung carcinoma), and BJ1 (normal skin fibroblasts). Compound 7g emerged as the most promising compound, with IC50 = 27.7 µg/ml against A549 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 28.3 µg/ml), and IC50 = 26.6 µg/ml against HepG2 cells compared to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 21.6 µg/ml). The gene expression and DNA damage values and the DNA fragmentation percentages for compound 7g were determined on the lung and liver cell lines. The expression levels of the AMY2A and FOXG1 genes increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the negative samples of lung cancer cells compared with treated cells. Also, the expression values of the PKM and PSPH genes improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the negative samples compared with treated samples of liver cancer cells. The DNA damage values increased significantly (p < 0.01) in treated lung cell line samples (7g) and the positive control. The results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in DNA damage values in the negative samples of liver cancer cells compared to those treated with 7g. However, the DNA fragmentation values increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the treated lung and liver cell line samples compared with the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna T Helmy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Farid M Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hamdi M Hassaneen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Merinas-Amo T, Lozano-Baena MD, Obregón-Cano S, Alonso-Moraga Á, de Haro-Bailón A. Role of Glucosinolates in the Nutraceutical Potential of Selected Cultivars of Brassica rapa. Foods 2021; 10:2720. [PMID: 34829001 PMCID: PMC8617875 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (turnip greens), a traditionally consumed vegetable, is well-known due to its high content of glucosinolates, which are secondary metabolites with a positive biological activity for human health. Our hypothesis has been based on the relation between B. rapa glucosinolate content and its healthy properties, and our aim is to establish guidelines for safe B. rapa vegetable consumption. Three B. rapa cultivars (143N5, 143N7 and 163N7) have been characterized by HPLC analysis of purified extracts from leaf samples in order to determine their glucosinolate content and to relate this content to beneficial effects on DNA protection, lifespan extension and chemoprevention. In order to ascertain the heath properties in vitro and in vivo, toxicity activities were assayed in the Drosophila melanogaster and leukaemia cell models; genomic safety was also assessed in both models using genotoxicity, fragmentation and comet assay. The Drosophila model has also been used to study the antioxidative activity and the longevity induction. Our results showed a relationship between B. rapa glucosinolate content and its safety and benefices in its consumption. Gluconapin, the main B. rapa glucosinolate, was directly related with these wholesome effects. The relevant conclusion in the present research is focused on B. rapa cultivar 163N7 due to its high gluconapin content and low progoitrin content, which exert anti-cancer and DNA protection properties and could be recommended as being safe and healthy for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - María-Dolores Lozano-Baena
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Sara Obregón-Cano
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.O.-C.); (A.d.H.-B.)
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Antonio de Haro-Bailón
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.O.-C.); (A.d.H.-B.)
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El-Mekkawy S, Hassan AZ, Abdelhafez MA, Mahmoud K, Mahrous KF, Meselhy MR, Sendker J, Abdel-Sattar E. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression changes induced by methanolic extract of Moringa stenopetala leaf with LC-qTOF-MS metabolic profile. Toxicon 2021; 203:40-50. [PMID: 34610271 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cuf.and other Moringa species have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of M. stenopetala leaf and its fractions on selected tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The comet assay was used toassess DNA damage, and gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR using two specific genes for each cancer cell line. Fractionation of the methanolic extract (E-1) on Diaion HP-20 yielded five fractions (Fr-2 to Fr-6); only Fr-4 and Fr-6 were cytotoxic to breast cancer cells (MCF-7; IC50 = 58.3 ± 0.93 and 35.8 ± 2.44 μg/mL, respectively), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC50 = 57.8 ± 1.57 and 39.3 ± 1.90 μg/mL, respectively), and Fr-4 was cytotoxic to human colon cancer cells (HCT-116; IC50 = 94.2 ± 4.9 μg/mL). In addition, exposure of the cancer cells to Fr-4 and Fr-6 resulted in a high level of DNA damage. Moreover, relative expression of MTAP and CDKN2A in MCF-7 were increased, whereas expression of p21 and p53 in HCT-116, and APC and TERT in HepG2 were decreased, similar to that of doxorubicin. LC-qTOF-MS was used to identify metabolites in E-1, the majority of which were enriched in Fr-4. Two terpenes (loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide), the majority of the flavonoids, and niazirin were about two fold enriched in Fr-4, whereas the majority of the lipids were 4-10 fold enriched. However, Fr-6 hardly showed compounds other than the two terpenes that were enriched 1.5 and 7 fold. The findings suggest that Fr-4 and Fr-6 are promising sources of compounds possessing cytotoxic and genotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar El-Mekkawy
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amal Z Hassan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry,University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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42
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Ge J, Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Tay IJ, Thadhani E, Kay JE, Mazzucato P, Chow DN, Fessler JL, Weingeist DM, Sobol RW, Samson LD, Floyd SR, Engelward BP. CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103176. [PMID: 34365116 PMCID: PMC8439179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage can be cytotoxic and mutagenic, and it is directly linked to aging, cancer, and other diseases. To counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage, cells have evolved highly conserved DNA repair pathways. Many commonly used DNA repair assays are relatively low throughput and are limited to analysis of one protein or one pathway. Here, we have explored the capacity of the CometChip platform for parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. Taking advantage of the versatility of the traditional comet assay and leveraging micropatterning techniques, the CometChip platform offers increased throughput and sensitivity compared to the traditional comet assay. By exposing cells to DNA damaging agents that create substrates of Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and Non-Homologous End Joining, we show that the CometChip is an effective method for assessing repair deficiencies in all three pathways. With these applications of the CometChip platform, we expand the utility of the comet assay for precise, high-throughput, parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ian J Tay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elina Thadhani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer E Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Danielle N Chow
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jessica L Fessler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - David M Weingeist
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27514, United States
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Feuser PE, Coelho ALS, de Melo ME, Scussel R, Carciofi BAM, Machado-de-Ávila RA, de Oliveira D, de Andrade CJ. Apoptosis Induction in Murine Melanoma (B16F10) Cells by Mannosylerythritol Lipids-B; a Glycolipid Biosurfactant with Antitumoral Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3855-3866. [PMID: 34302592 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids have drawn attention to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their non-toxicity and excellent biological interactions with human skin, particularly with the deepest epidermal layer. Lamellar liquid crystal structure, formed by MEL-B, is an interesting feature due to its similarity to the stratum corneum molecular arrangement and cell signaling events involved in the deregulation of the cancerous cell membrane. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of commercial mannosylerythritol lipids-B in murine melanoma, fibroblast, and human erythrocytes cells. Cytotoxic effect was more pronounced on the tumor cells from 20 µg/mL, reducing cell viability by 65%, whereas fibroblast and human erythrocytes cells were more resistant to glycolipid treatment. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer proved that mannosylerythritol lipids-B is an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells related to reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Feuser
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - A L S Coelho
- Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M E de Melo
- Graduate Program in Health Science, University of the Extreme South Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R Scussel
- Graduate Program in Health Science, University of the Extreme South Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - B A M Carciofi
- Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R A Machado-de-Ávila
- Graduate Program in Health Science, University of the Extreme South Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - D de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - C J de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, s/n, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Ocolotobiche EE, Dauder RM, Güerci AM. Radiosensitivity of radiotherapy patients: The effect of individual DNA repair capacity. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 867:503371. [PMID: 34266627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Individual radiosensitivity is a critical problem in radiotherapy because of the treatment restrictions it imposes. We have tested whether induction/repair of genomic lesions correlates with the acute cutaneous effects of radiotherapy. Peripheral blood samples of 56 healthy volunteers and 18 patients with breast cancer were studied. DNA damage and DNA repair capacity were assessed in vitro (alkaline comet assay). Patients without skin reaction did not show significant differences from healthy individuals, with respect to either initial or radiation-induced DNA damage. Similar DNA repair kinetics, fitting a decreasing exponential response, were observed in both groups, and there were no significant differences in residual genotoxic damage. In contrast, patients exhibiting acute side effects showed significantly lower DNA repair ability and significantly more residual damage, compared to patients without radiotoxicity. This approach may help to identify patients who are at greater risk of radiotherapy side effects. However, many other factors, such as dosimetry, irradiated volume, and lifestyle should also be considered in the evaluation of individual radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana E Ocolotobiche
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 s/n (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Terapia Radiante S.A. Red CIO - La Plata, Calle 60 Nº 480 (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricard Marcos Dauder
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Alba Mabel Güerci
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando N. Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118 s/n (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115 s/n (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Terapia Radiante S.A. Red CIO - La Plata, Calle 60 Nº 480 (CP 1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Thirupathi A, Sorato HR, Silva PRL, Damiani AP, Andrade VM, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Paula MMS, Pinho RA. Effect of taurine associated gold nanoparticles on oxidative stress in muscle of mice exposed to overuse model. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191450. [PMID: 34076038 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle overuse and its consequent muscle damage has no cure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of tau-AuNPs on muscle recovery of muscle overuse model. The animals (Male Swiss mice) were randomly divided into four groups: Control (Ctr; n=6); tau-AuNPs (n=6); overuse (n=6); and overuse plus tau-AuNPs (n=6). Exercise sessions were performed for 21 consecutive days, and one exercise model was applied daily in the following sequence: low intensity, moderate intensity, and high intensity. The mice were then sacrificed. The quadriceps muscles were surgically removed for subsequent biochemical analysis (oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage markers and muscle differentiation protein). The overuse group significantly increased the oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage markers, whereas tau-AuNPs significantly decreased the oxidative stress parameters in the overuse animal model. However, there were no significant differences observed between overuse group and overuse plus tau-AuNPs administrated group in relation to DNA damage markers including DNA damage frequency and index levels when compared to control and tau-AuNPs groups. Muscle differentiation protein Myf-5 was increased in the overuse plus tau-AuNPs administration group when compared to control group. In conclusion, tau-AuNPs had significant effect on reducing oxidative stress parameters and increasing myogenic regulatory protein Myf-5 in the overuse group. However, it did not have significant effect on reducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Helen R Sorato
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo R L Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani P Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 155, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos M S Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício em Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 155, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Gamal AA, Abbas HY, Abdelwahed NAM, Kashef MT, Mahmoud K, Esawy MA, Ramadan MA. Optimization strategy of Bacillus subtilis MT453867 levansucrase and evaluation of levan role in pancreatic cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1590-1601. [PMID: 34015407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most lethal cancer type worldwide. Due to multiple levan applications including anticancer activities, studies related to levansucrase production are of interest. To our knowledge, levan effect on pancreatic cancer cells has not been tested previously. In this work, among eighteen bacterial honey isolates, Bacillus subtilis MT453867 showed the highest levan yield (33 g/L) and levansucrase production (8.31 U/mL). One-factor-at-a-time technique increased levansucrase activity by 60% when MgSO4 was eliminated. The addition of 60 g/L banana peels enhanced the enzyme activity (192 U/mL). Placket Burman design determined the media composition for maximum levan yield (54.8 g/L) and levansucrase production (505 U/mL). The identification of levan was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectrometric analysis, 13C-nuclear-magnetic resonance, and 1H-nuclear-magnetic resonance. Both crude and dialyzed levan completely inhibited the pancreatic cancer cell line at 100 ppm with no cytotoxicity on the normal retinal cell line. The LD50 of crude levan was 4833 mg/kg body weight. Levan had strong antioxidant activity and significantly reduced the expression of CXCR4 and MCM7 genes in pancreatic cancer cells with significant DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis MT453867 levan is a promising adjunct to pancreatic-anticancer agents with both anti-cancer and chemoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Gamal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.(former El Tahrir st.), P.O 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Y Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City
| | - Nayera A M Abdelwahed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.(former El Tahrir st.), P.O 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona T Kashef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
| | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.(former El Tahrir st.), P.O 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st.(former El Tahrir st.), P.O 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
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47
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Sroor FM, Othman AM, Tantawy MA, Mahrous KF, El-Naggar ME. Synthesis, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and in silico studies of new urea derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104953. [PMID: 33964581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of an alkyl or aryl isocyanates with some primary amines in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded the corresponding alkyl- and aryl-urea derivatives. All the prepared urea compounds have been elucidated by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The compounds 1 and 3 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 4-tolylsulfonyl isocyanate reacted with the aryl amines 1, 2, 3, and 2,4-dichloroaniline to afford the corresponding sulfonylurea derivatives 5-8. Likewise, the reaction of the isocyanates with 2,4-dichloroaniline, 5-methyl isoxazole-3-amine, and 2-aminothiazole derivatives gave the corresponding urea derivatives 9-17. All the prepared compounds 5-17 were tested in vitro as anti-microbial and anti-HepG2 agents. Moreover, analyzing gene expression of TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7, DNA damage values, and DNA fragmentation percentages have been discussed. The compounds 5 and 8 recorded the highest activity against the tested microbial strains with maximum activity against C. albicans (50 mm) and B. mycoides (40 mm), respectively. The compounds 5 inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. Albicans at the MIC level of 0.0489 µM, while the compound 8 was able to inhibit the visible growth of E. coli and C. albicans at MIC value of 3.13 µM and S. aureus at 0.3912 µM. In the same line, compound 5 showed the best cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 4.25 µM) compared to 5 fluorouracil with IC50 = 316.25 µM. Expression analysis of liver cancer related to a gene including TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7 was used in HepG2 Liver cancer cell lines using RT-qPCR. The expression values of TP53-exon4 and TP53-exon7 genes were decreased. The DNA damage values and DNA fragmentation percentages were increased significantly (P < 0.01) in the treated HepG2 (5) sample compared with the negative control. Docking studies were performed for the synthetic compounds against 2 bacterial proteins (DNA gyrase subunit B, and penicillin binding protein 1a) that are known targets for some antibiotics, and one cell division protein kinase 2 (CDK2) as target for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid M Sroor
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdelmageed M Othman
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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48
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Aragão FB, Duarte ID, Fantinato DE, Galter IN, Silveira GL, Dos Reis GB, Andrade-Vieira LF, Matsumoto ST. Toxicogenetic of tebuconazole based fungicide through Lactuca sativa bioassays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:111985. [PMID: 33578099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rampant use of pesticides can cause serious environmental problems. They can be contaminating surface water and groundwater, affecting the surrounding micro and macro biota. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of a tebuconazole-based fungicide through endpoints accessed in Lactuca sativa bioassays. Germinated-seeds with roots upon 2 mm were treated with a fungicide containing Tebuconazole (TBZ) as active compound. The final concentration of TBZ in the tested solutions were 0.025 (C1); 0.05 (C2); 0.1 (C3); 0.2 (C4) and 0.4 g/L (C5). L. sativa roots were exposed for 24 h to these solutions and Petri dishes containing the treated seeds were kept in incubation chamber at 24 °C. Two positive controls (PC,) the herbicide trifluralin (0.84 mg/L) and Methanesulfonate (4 ×10-4 mol/L), were applied. Distilled water was negative control (NC). The following endpoints were analyzed: root growth (RG), cytogenotoxic potential by cell cycle analysis, induction of DNA damage through TUNEL and comet assays. The obtained data were submitted to one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and then to Tukey or Kruskal Wallis (P < 0.05) tests. The concentrations (C1, C2, C4 and C5) affected negatively the RG of L. sativa, in comparison with the NC. The mitotic index was reduced by 25% from NC to C1 and in the rest of treatments it did not present significant modifications. However, from C3 to C5 great amount of chromosome alterations were observed, in comparison with the NC. TBZ-based fungicide also induced DNA fragmentation as measured by TUNEL and comet assays. Thus, TBZ-based fungicide in some concentrations can have phytotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in roots and meristematic cells of L. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielen Barroso Aragão
- Departamento of Biological Sciences, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil.
| | - Ian Drumond Duarte
- Departamento of Biological Sciences, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil.
| | - Dayana Effgen Fantinato
- Departamento of Biological Sciences, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil.
| | - Iasmini Nicoli Galter
- Departamento of Biological Sciences, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Departamento of Biological Sciences, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil.
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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50
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Medrano-Padial C, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Ayala N, Beaumont P, Rouger C, Krisa S, Pichardo S. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of a Stilbene Extract Prior to Its Use as a Natural Additive: A Combination of the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay. Foods 2021; 10:439. [PMID: 33671296 PMCID: PMC7921927 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic data of substances that could be used as food additives are required by the European Food Safety Authority. In this sense, the use of an extract from grapevine shoots containing a stilbene richness of 99% (ST-99), due to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, has been proposed as an alternative to sulfur dioxide in wine. The aim of this work was to study, for the first time, the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 90, 180, or 360 mg ST-99/kg body weight at 0, 24, and 45 h. The combination of micronucleus assay in bone marrow (OECD 474) and standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach, liver, and blood of exposed animals. The ST-99 revealed no in vivo genotoxicity. These results were corroborated by analytical studies that confirm the presence of stilbenes and their metabolites in plasma and tissues. Moreover, to complete these findings, a histopathological study was performed under light microscopy in liver and stomach showing only slight modifications in both organs at the highest concentration used. The present work confirms that this extract is not genotoxic presenting a good profile for its potential application as a preservative in the wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Medrano-Padial
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Ana Isabel Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Nahúm Ayala
- Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Pauline Beaumont
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Caroline Rouger
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique, EA4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (P.B.); (C.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (A.I.P.); (S.P.)
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