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Chakrabarti L, Savery J, Mpindi JP, Klover J, Li L, Zhu J. Simplifying stable CHO cell line generation with high probability of monoclonality by using microfluidic dispensing as an alternative to fluorescence activated cell sorting. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3441. [PMID: 38462762 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Single cell cloning is a critical step for cell line development (CLD) for therapeutic protein production, with proof of monoclonality being compulsorily sought in regulatory filings. Among the different single cell deposition technologies, we found that fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) offers high probability of monoclonality and can allow selective enrichment of the producer cells. However, FACS instruments are expensive and resource-intensive, have a large footprint, require highly skilled operators and take hours for setup, thereby complicating the cell line generation process. With the aim of finding an easy-to-use alternative to FACS, we identified a flow cytometry-based microfluidic cell dispenser, which presents a single cell sorting solution for biopharmaceutical CLD. The microfluidic cell dispenser is small, budget-friendly, easy-to-use, requires lower-cost consumables, permits flow cytometry-enabled multiparametric target cell enrichment and offers fast and gentle single cell dispensing into multiwell plates. Following comprehensive evaluation, we found that single cell deposition by the microfluidic cell dispenser resulted in >99% probability of monoclonality for production cell lines. Moreover, the clonally derived producer cell lines generated from the microfluidic cell dispenser demonstrated comparable or improved growth profiles and production capability compared to the FACS derived cell lines. Taken together, microfluidic cell dispensing can serve as a cost-effective, efficient and convenient alternative to FACS, simplifying the biopharmaceutical CLD platform with significant reductions in both scientist time and running costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chakrabarti
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - James Savery
- Machine Learning & AI, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Patrick Mpindi
- Biostatistics, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Klover
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Lina Li
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
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Roshani A, Mohammadi M, Bahadori T, Ahmadi Zare H, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. Comparison of different transient gene expression systems for the production of a new humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (Hersintuzumab). Daru 2023; 31:221-231. [PMID: 37695454 PMCID: PMC10624790 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Producing therapeutic proteins can be done quickly and on a large scale through Transient Gene Expression (TGE). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly used to achieve this. Although there are few comparative studies, TGE has been observed in suspension-adapted CHO cells. OBJECTIVES We tested TGE's effectiveness in DG-44, CHO-S, and ExpiCHO-S cell lines with four transfection reagents. METHODS A design of experiments (DoE) was followed to optimize transfection using a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) construct. To evaluate the efficacy, flow cytometry and ELISA were used. Feeding strategies and temperature shifts were implemented to enhance transfection effectiveness. The quality of the mAb was assessed through ELISA, SDS-PAGE, and proliferation inhibition assays. RESULTS We adapted all cell lines to grow in suspension using a serum-free medium. Our findings from flow cytometry and ELISA tests indicate that PEI and Pmax reagents had a higher rate of transfection and mAb production than the ExpiCHO commercial transfection reagent. While DG-44 cells had better transfection efficiency than CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S, there was no significant difference between CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S. Our TGE system was more productive at 32 °C than at 37 °C. In the optimized TGE of Pmax-based transfection in DG-44 at 37 and 32 °C, the production level of mAb was more than half of the amount of the commercial ExpiCHO-S expression system. Still, the number of transfected cells was three times higher, making it more efficient. The purified mAb from all transfected cell lines had similar structural and functional properties under different conditions. CONCLUSION Our research shows that using Pmax and DG-44 cells in the TGE system is a cost-effective and efficient way to produce humanized monoclonal antibodies. We discovered that this method outperforms the ExpiCHO-S kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roshani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ahmadi Zare
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang W, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li W, Wang T. Screening Strategies for High-Yield Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:858478. [PMID: 35782513 PMCID: PMC9247297 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.858478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most commonly used mammalian expression system for recombinant expression of therapeutic proteins in the pharmaceutical industry. The development of high-yield stable cell lines requires processes of transfection, selection, screening and adaptation, among which the screening process requires tremendous time and determines the level of forming highly productive monoclonal cell lines. Therefore, how to achieve productive cell lines is a major question prior to industrial manufacturing. Cell line development (CLD) is one of the most critical steps in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Generation of high-yield cell clones is mainly based on the time-consuming, laborious process of selection and screening. With the increase in recombinant therapeutic proteins expressed by CHO cells, CLD has become a major bottleneck in obtaining cell lines for manufacturing. The basic principles for CLD include preliminary screening for high-yield cell pool, single-cell isolation and improvement of productivity, clonality and stability. With the development of modern analysis and testing technologies, various screening methods have been used for CLD to enhance the selection efficiency of high-yield clonal cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview on preliminary screening methods for high-yield cell pool based on drug selective pressure. Moreover, we focus on high throughput methods for isolating high-yield cell clones and increasing the productivity and stability, as well as new screening strategies used for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
| | - Yunxi Xiao
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
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4
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de Rutte J, Dimatteo R, Archang MM, van Zee M, Koo D, Lee S, Sharrow AC, Krohl PJ, Mellody M, Zhu S, Eichenbaum JV, Kizerwetter M, Udani S, Ha K, Willson RC, Bertozzi AL, Spangler J, Damoiseaux R, Di Carlo D. Suspendable Hydrogel Nanovials for Massively Parallel Single-Cell Functional Analysis and Sorting. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7242-7257. [PMID: 35324146 PMCID: PMC9869715 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Techniques to analyze and sort single cells based on functional outputs, such as secreted products, have the potential to transform our understanding of cellular biology as well as accelerate the development of next-generation cell and antibody therapies. However, secreted molecules rapidly diffuse away from cells, and analysis of these products requires specialized equipment and expertise to compartmentalize individual cells and capture their secretions. Herein, we describe methods to fabricate hydrogel-based chemically functionalized microcontainers, which we call nanovials, and demonstrate their use for sorting single viable cells based on their secreted products at high-throughput using only commonly accessible laboratory infrastructure. These nanovials act as solid supports that facilitate attachment of a variety of adherent and suspension cell types, partition uniform aqueous compartments, and capture secreted proteins. Solutions can be exchanged around nanovials to perform fluorescence immunoassays on secreted proteins. Using this platform and commercial flow sorters, we demonstrate high-throughput screening of stably and transiently transfected producer cells based on relative IgG production. Chinese hamster ovary cells sorted based on IgG production regrew and maintained a high secretion phenotype over at least a week, yielding >40% increase in bulk IgG production rates. We also sorted hybridomas and B lymphocytes based on antigen-specific antibody production. Hybridoma cells secreting an antihen egg lysozyme antibody were recovered from background cells, enriching a population of ∼4% prevalence to >90% following sorting. Leveraging the high-speed sorting capabilities of standard sorters, we sorted >1 million events in <1 h. IgG secreting mouse B cells were also sorted and enriched based on antigen-specific binding. Successful sorting of antibody-secreting B cells combined with the ability to perform single-cell RT-PCR to recover sequence information suggests the potential to perform antibody discovery workflows. The reported nanovials can be easily stored and distributed among researchers, democratizing access to high-throughput functional cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph de Rutte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Partillion Bioscience Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Dimatteo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maani M. Archang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark van Zee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Doyeon Koo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Allison C. Sharrow
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick J. Krohl
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Mellody
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sheldon Zhu
- Partillion Bioscience Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James V. Eichenbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Monika Kizerwetter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Shreya Udani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyung Ha
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andrea L. Bertozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Heins A, Hoang MD, Weuster‐Botz D. Advances in automated real-time flow cytometry for monitoring of bioreactor processes. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:260-278. [PMID: 35382548 PMCID: PMC8961054 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry and its technological possibilities have greatly advanced in the past decade as analysis tool for single cell properties and population distributions of different cell types in bioreactors. Along the way, some solutions for automated real-time flow cytometry (ART-FCM) were developed for monitoring of bioreactor processes without operator interference over extended periods with variable sampling frequency. However, there is still great potential for ART-FCM to evolve and possibly become a standard application in bioprocess monitoring and process control. This review first addresses different components of an ART-FCM, including the sampling device, the sample-processing unit, the unit for sample delivery to the flow cytometer and the settings for measurement of pre-processed samples. Also, available algorithms are presented for automated data analysis of multi-parameter fluorescence datasets derived from ART-FCM experiments. Furthermore, challenges are discussed for integration of fluorescence-activated cell sorting into an ART-FCM setup for isolation and separation of interesting subpopulations that can be further characterized by for instance omics-methods. As the application of ART-FCM is especially of interest for bioreactor process monitoring, including investigation of population heterogeneity and automated process control, a summary of already existing setups for these purposes is given. Additionally, the general future potential of ART-FCM is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Lena Heins
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Manh Dat Hoang
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Dirk Weuster‐Botz
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
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6
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Safari F, Akbari B. Knockout of caspase-7 gene improves the expression of recombinant protein in CHO cell line through the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Biol Res 2022; 55:2. [PMID: 35016732 PMCID: PMC8753818 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been used routinely as a bioproduction factory of numerous biopharmaceuticals. So far, various engineering strategies have been recruited to improve the production efficiency of this cell line such as apoptosis engineering. Previously, it is reported that the caspase-7 deficiency in CHO cells reduces the cell proliferation rate. But the effect of this reduction on the CHO cell productivity remained unclear. Hence, in the study at hand the effect of caspase-7 deficiency was assessed on the cell growth, viability and protein expression. In addition, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was investigated in the absence of caspase-7. Results Findings showed that in the absence of caspase-7, both cell growth and cell viability were decreased. Cell cycle analysis illustrated that the CHO knockout (CHO-KO) cells experienced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. This cell cycle arrest resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in the expression of luciferase in CHO-KO cells compared to parenteral cells. Furthermore, in the apoptotic situation the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in CHO-KO cells was approximately 3 times more than CHO-K1 cells. Conclusions These findings represented that; however, caspase-7 deficiency reduces the cell proliferation rate but the resulted cell cycle arrest leads to the enhancement of recombinant protein expression. Moreover, increasing in the caspase-3 enzymatic activity compensates the absence of caspase-7 in the caspase cascade of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Meshkinfam Ave, Shiraz, Iran. .,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Aebischer-Gumy C, Moretti P, Ollier R, Ries Fecourt C, Rousseau F, Bertschinger M. SPLICELECT™: an adaptable cell surface display technology based on alternative splicing allowing the qualitative and quantitative prediction of secreted product at a single-cell level. MAbs 2021; 12:1709333. [PMID: 31955651 PMCID: PMC6973322 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1709333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a mammalian expression construct (SPLICELECT™) that allows the redirection of a proportion of a secreted protein onto the cell surface using alternative splicing: whereas the majority of the RNA is spliced into a transcript encoding a secreted protein, a weak splice donor site yields a secondary transcript encoding, in addition, a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The different sequence elements can be modified in order to modulate the level of cell surface display and of secretion in an independent manner. In this work, we demonstrated that the cell surface display of stable cell lines is correlated with the level of the secreted protein of interest, but also with the level of heterodimerization in the case of a bispecific antibody. It was also shown that this construct may be useful for rapid screening of multiple antibody candidates in binding assays following transient transfection. Thus, the correlation of product quantity and quality of the secreted and of membrane-displayed product in combination with the flexibility of the construct with regards to cell surface display/secretion levels make SPLICELECT™ a valuable tool with many potential applications, not limited to industrial cell line development or antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Aebischer-Gumy
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Moretti
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ollier
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Ries Fecourt
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - François Rousseau
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bertschinger
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
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Marx N, Grünwald-Gruber C, Bydlinski N, Dhiman H, Ngoc Nguyen L, Klanert G, Borth N. CRISPR-Based Targeted Epigenetic Editing Enables Gene Expression Modulation of the Silenced Beta-Galactoside Alpha-2,6-Sialyltransferase 1 in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700217. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marx
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Nina Bydlinski
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Heena Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Ly Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH; Graz Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH; Graz Austria
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9
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Vcelar S, Melcher M, Auer N, Hrdina A, Puklowski A, Leisch F, Jadhav V, Wenger T, Baumann M, Borth N. Changes in Chromosome Counts and Patterns in CHO Cell Lines upon Generation of Recombinant Cell Lines and Subcloning. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700495. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Vcelar
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Michael Melcher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Norbert Auer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Astrid Hrdina
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Anja Puklowski
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Biberach 88307; Germany
| | - Friedrich Leisch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Till Wenger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Biberach 88307; Germany
| | - Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
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10
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Sączyńska V, Bierczyńska-Krzysik A, Cecuda-Adamczewska V, Baran P, Porębska A, Florys K, Zieliński M, Płucienniczak G. Production of highly and broad-range specific monoclonal antibodies against hemagglutinin of H5-subtype avian influenza viruses and their differentiation by mass spectrometry. Virol J 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 29334981 PMCID: PMC5769215 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5 subtype, such as the H5N1 viral strains or the novel H5N8 and H5N2 reassortants, are of both veterinary and public health concern worldwide. To combat these viruses, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against H5 hemagglutinin (HA) play a significant role. These mAbs are effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents and powerful tools in vaccine development and basic scientific research. The aim of this study was to obtain diagnostically valuable mAbs with broad strain specificity against H5-subtype AIVs. Results We applied the hybridoma method to produce anti-HA mAbs. The cloning and screening procedures resulted in the selection of 7 mouse hybridoma cell lines and their respective antibody clones. Preliminary immunoreactivity studies showed that these newly established mAbs, all of the IgG1 isotype, had high specificity and broad-range activities against the H5 HAs. However, these studies did not allow for a clear distinction among the selected antibodies and mAb-secreting hybridoma clones. To differentiate the analyzed mAbs and determine the exact number of hybridoma clones, peptide mapping of the Fc and Fab fragments was performed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometer. Detailed analyses of the acquired MS and MS/MS spectra confirmed that the Fc fragments constituted highly conserved species- and isotype-immunoglobulin components, whereas the Fab fragments exhibited considerable variation in the sequences that determine antibody specificity. This approach enabled unambiguous characterization of the selected mAbs according to their peptide composition. As a result, 6 different clones were distinguished. Conclusions Our work provided a unique panel of anti-H5 HA mAbs, which meets the demand for novel, high-specificity analytical tools for use in serologic surveillance. Applications of these mAbs in areas other than diagnostics are also possible. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that peptide mapping of antibody fragments with mass spectrometry is an efficient method for the differentiation of antibody clones and relevant antibody-producing cell lines. The method may be successfully used to characterize mAbs at the protein level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0886-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Sączyńska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | - Piotr Baran
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Porębska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Florys
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Zieliński
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Płucienniczak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Starościńska 5 Street, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Dippong M, Carl P, Lenz C, Schenk JA, Hoffmann K, Schwaar T, Schneider RJ, Kuhne M. Hapten-Specific Single-Cell Selection of Hybridoma Clones by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting for the Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4007-4012. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dippong
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and
Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Carl
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Lenz
- UP Transfer GmbH, Am Neuen
Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Hybrotec GmbH, Am Mühlenberg
11, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jörg A. Schenk
- UP Transfer GmbH, Am Neuen
Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Hybrotec GmbH, Am Mühlenberg
11, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm Schwaar
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf J. Schneider
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Kuhne
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Improving the time integral of viable cell concentration by overcoming cell death, namely apoptosis, is one of the widely used strategies for efficient production of therapeutic proteins. By establishing stable cell lines that overexpress anti-apoptotic genes or down-regulate pro-apoptotic genes, the final product yields can be enhanced as cells become more resistance to environmental stresses. From the selection of high-expressing clones to verification of anti-apoptotic activity, the method to construct a stable anti-apoptotic cell line is discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Gallagher C, Kelly PS. Selection of High-Producing Clones Using FACS for CHO Cell Line Development. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1603:143-152. [PMID: 28493128 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell line development aims to generate and select clones with desirable characteristics. One of the most important parameters for biopharmaceutical cell selection is cell-specific productivity (Qp) or the quantity of product produced per cell per day. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a powerful, high-throughput technique that facilitates multiparametric characterization and isolation of individual cell clones from heterogeneous populations. Here, we describe a FACS-based method for section of high-producing CHO cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Gallagher
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Paul S Kelly
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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14
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Lang S, Drewello D, Wichter J, Nommay A, Wilms B, Knopf HP, Jostock T. Surface display vectors for selective detection and isolation of high level antibody producing cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2386-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lang
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Delia Drewello
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wichter
- GBW/H, White Biotechnology Research-Microbiology; BASF; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Audrey Nommay
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Wilms
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Knopf
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jostock
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
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15
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Hanack K, Messerschmidt K, Listek M. Antibodies and Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:11-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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Kuhne M, Dippong M, Flemig S, Hoffmann K, Petsch K, Schenk JA, Kunte HJ, Schneider RJ. Comparative characterization of mAb producing hapten-specific hybridoma cells by flow cytometric analysis and ELISA. J Immunol Methods 2014; 413:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Online flow cytometry for monitoring apoptosis in mammalian cell cultures as an application for process analytical technology. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:399-408. [PMID: 25352493 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the main driver of cell death in bioreactor suspension cell cultures during the production of biopharmaceuticals from animal cell lines. It is known that apoptosis also has an effect on the quality and quantity of the expressed recombinant protein. This has raised the importance of studying apoptosis for implementing culture optimization strategies. The work here describes a novel approach to obtain near real time data on proportion of viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cell populations in a suspension CHO culture using automated sample preparation in conjunction with flow cytometry. The resultant online flow cytometry data can track the progression of apoptotic events in culture, aligning with analogous manual methodologies and giving similar results. The obtained near-real time apoptosis data are a significant improvement in monitoring capabilities and can lead to improved control strategies and research data on complex biological systems in bioreactor cultures in both academic and industrial settings focused on process analytical technology applications.
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18
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Huang HJ, Peng X, Deng B, Huang C, Li J, Qian YG, Gao QS, Xiang M, Lu S, Chen ZH, Zhan CY, Zhou L, Tao BF, Liu J, Tan BZ. Fluorescent labeling for clonal selection of Marc 145 cells secreting high levels of recombinant protein PBD-1. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:203-11. [PMID: 25297006 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the powerful impact gene expression markers like the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or enhanced GFP (EGFP) exert on linking the expression of recombinant protein for selection of high producers in recent years, there is still a strong incentive to develop more economical and efficient methods for isolating mammalian cell clones secreting high levels of recombinant proteins. Here we present a new method based on the co-expression of EGFP that allows clonal selection in standard 96-well cell culture plates. The genes encoding the EGFP protein and the related protein are linked by an internal ribosome entry site and thus are transcribed into the same mRNA in an independent translation process. Since both proteins arise from a common mRNA, the EGFP expression level correlates with the expression level of the therapeutic protein in each clone. By expressing recombinant porcine β-defensin 1 in Marc 145 cells, we demonstrate the robustness and performance of this technique. The method can be served as an alternative to identify high-producer clones with various cell sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Huang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China.
- Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Deng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Guo Qian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Shuang Gao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xiang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yao Zhan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Fei Tao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan, 430208, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Zhong Tan
- Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chuang KH, Hsieh YC, Chiang IS, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Cheng TC, Wang YT, Lin WW, Chen BM, Roffler SR, Huang MY, Cheng TL. High-throughput sorting of the highest producing cell via a transiently protein-anchored system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102569. [PMID: 25036759 PMCID: PMC4103822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a high-throughput method for the effecient selection of the highest producing cell is very important for the production of recombinant protein drugs. Here, we developed a novel transiently protein-anchored system coupled with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for the efficient selection of the highest producing cell. A furin cleavage peptide (RAKR) was used to join a human anti-epithelial growth factor antibody (αEGFR Ab) and the extracellular-transmembrane-cytosolic domains of the mouse B7-1 antigen (B7). The furin inhibitor can transiently switch secreted αEGFR Ab into a membrane-anchored form. After cell sorting, the level of membrane αEGFR Ab-RAKR-B7 is proportional to the amount of secreted αEGFR Ab in the medium. We further selected 23 αEGFR Ab expressing cells and demonstrated a high correlation (R2 = 0.9165) between the secretion level and surface expression levels of αEGFR Ab. These results suggested that the novel transiently protein-anchored system can easily and efficiently select the highest producing cells, reducing the cost for the production of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiuan Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MYH); (TLC)
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MYH); (TLC)
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20
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Capturing and cultivating single bacterial cells in gel microdroplets to obtain near-complete genomes. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:608-21. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Du Z, Mujacic M, Le K, Caspary G, Nunn H, Heath C, Reddy P. Analysis of heterogeneity and instability of stable mAb-expressing CHO cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Datta P, Linhardt RJ, Sharfstein ST. An 'omics approach towards CHO cell engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1255-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Kober L, Zehe C, Bode J. Optimized signal peptides for the development of high expressing CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1164-73. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Contie M, Leger O, Fouque N, Poitevin Y, Kosco-Vilbois M, Mermod N, Elson G. IL-17F co- ;expression improves cell growth characteristics and enhances recombinant protein production during CHO cell line engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:1153-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Kober L, Zehe C, Bode J. Development of a novel ER stress based selection system for the isolation of highly productive clones. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2599-611. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Kumar N, Borth N. Flow-cytometry and cell sorting: an efficient approach to investigate productivity and cell physiology in mammalian cell factories. Methods 2012; 56:366-74. [PMID: 22426008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of cell lines used for the production of biotherapeutic proteins typically depends on the number of cells in culture, their specific growth rate, their viability and the cell specific productivity (qP). Therefore both cell line development and process development are trying to (a) improve cell proliferation to reduce lag-phase and achieve high number of cells; (b) delay cell death to prolong the production phase and improve culture longevity; (c) and finally, increase qP. All of these factors, when combined in an optimised process, concur to increase the final titre and yield of the recombinant protein. As cellular performance is at the centre of any improvement, analysis methods that enable the characterisation of individual cells in their entirety can help in identifying cell types and culture conditions that perform exceptionally well. This observation of cells and their complexity is reflected by the term "cytomics" and flow cytometry is one of the methods used for this purpose. With its ability to analyse the distribution of physiological properties within a population and to isolate rare outliers with exceptional properties, flow cytometry ideally complements other methods used for optimisation, including media design and cell engineering. In the present review we describe approaches that could be used, directly or indirectly, to analyse and sort cellular phenotypes characterised by improved growth behaviour, reduced cell death or high qP and outline their potential use for cell line and process optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University Vienna, Austria
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27
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Abstract
Many therapeutically relevant proteins, like IgG antibodies, are highly complex, multimeric glycoproteins that are difficult to express in microbial systems and thus usually produced in mammalian host cells. During the past two decades, stable mammalian expression technologies have made huge progress resulting in highly increased speed of cell line development and yield of manufacturing processes. Here, we give an overview of technologies that are applied at different stages of state-of-the-art cell line development processes for biomanufacturing.
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28
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Rakestraw JA, Aird D, Aha PM, Baynes BM, Lipovsek D. Secretion-and-capture cell-surface display for selection of target-binding proteins. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:525-30. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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30
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Gene amplification and vector engineering to achieve rapid and high-level therapeutic protein production using the Dhfr-based CHO cell selection system. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:673-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Moretti P, Behr L, Walter JG, Kasper C, Stahl F, Scheper T. Characterization and improvement of cell line performanceviaflow cytometry and cell sorting. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Lin S, Shen Z, Zha D, Sharkey N, Prinz B, Hamilton S, Pavoor TV, Bobrowicz B, Shaikh SS, Rittenhour AM, Potgieter TI, Bobrowicz P, Stadheim TA. Selection of Pichia pastoris strains expressing recombinant immunoglobulin G by cell surface labeling. J Immunol Methods 2010; 358:66-74. [PMID: 20338179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple cell labeling method for sorting yeast Pichia pastoris antibody expressing strains is described. A small portion of secreted recombinant antibody retained on the cell surface was labeled with fluorescence detection antibody. The signal intensity of the labeled cell was correlated with the cell's antibody productivity. Using this labeling technique to sort a mixture model induced in the same fermenter where the cells of high producing strain were spiked into a population of a low producing strain at the frequency of 1:100,000, one round of sorting achieved a approximately 5000-fold enrichment of the high producing strain. A variety of P.pastoris strains expressing antibody sorted based on the signal intensity on the cell surface yielded titer improvements by 30% to 300%. Our data demonstrate that Pichia cell surface labeling is a simple, effective and reliable method for sorting Pichia antibody expressing strains for productivity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- GlycoFi, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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33
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Freimark D, Jèrôme V, Freitag R. A GFP-based method facilitates clonal selection of transfected CHO cells. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:24-31. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Pilbrough W, Munro TP, Gray P. Intraclonal protein expression heterogeneity in recombinant CHO cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8432. [PMID: 20037651 PMCID: PMC2793030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic glycoproteins have played a major role in the commercial success of biotechnology in the post-genomic era. But isolating recombinant mammalian cell lines for large-scale production remains costly and time-consuming, due to substantial variation and unpredictable stability of expression amongst transfected cells, requiring extensive clone screening to identify suitable high producers. Streamlining this process is of considerable interest to industry yet the underlying phenomena are still not well understood. Here we examine an antibody-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clone at single-cell resolution using flow cytometry and vectors, which couple light and heavy chain transcription to fluorescent markers. Expression variation has traditionally been attributed to genetic heterogeneity arising from random genomic integration of vector DNA. It follows that single cell cloning should yield a homogeneous cell population. We show, in fact, that expression in a clone can be surprisingly heterogeneous (standard deviation 50 to 70% of the mean), approaching the level of variation in mixed transfectant pools, and each antibody chain varies in tandem. Phenotypic variation is fully developed within just 18 days of cloning, yet is not entirely explained by measurement noise, cell size, or the cell cycle. By monitoring the dynamic response of subpopulations and subclones, we show that cells also undergo slow stochastic fluctuations in expression (half-life 2 to 11 generations). Non-genetic diversity may therefore play a greater role in clonal variation than previously thought. This also has unexpected implications for expression stability. Stochastic gene expression noise and selection bias lead to perturbations from steady state at the time of cloning. The resulting transient response as clones reestablish their expression distribution is not ordinarily accounted for but can contribute to declines in median expression over timescales of up to 50 days. Noise minimization may therefore be a novel strategy to reduce apparent expression instability and simplify cell line selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Pilbrough
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent P. Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ACYTE Biotech Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ACYTE Biotech Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Stabilized gene duplication enables long-term selection-free heterologous pathway expression. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:760-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Caron AW, Nicolas C, Gaillet B, Ba I, Pinard M, Garnier A, Massie B, Gilbert R. Fluorescent labeling in semi-solid medium for selection of mammalian cells secreting high-levels of recombinant proteins. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:42. [PMID: 19432976 PMCID: PMC2689207 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the powerful impact in recent years of gene expression markers like the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to link the expression of recombinant protein for selection of high producers, there is a strong incentive to develop rapid and efficient methods for isolating mammalian cell clones secreting high levels of marker-free recombinant proteins. Recently, a method combining cell colony growth in methylcellulose-based medium with detection by a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody or antigen has shown promise for the selection of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines secreting recombinant antibodies. Here we report an extension of this method referred to as fluorescent labeling in semi-solid medium (FLSSM) to detect recombinant proteins significantly smaller than antibodies, such as IGF-E5, a 25 kDa insulin-like growth factor derivative. Results CHO cell clones, expressing 300 μg/ml IGF-E5 in batch culture, were isolated more easily and quickly compared to the classic limiting dilution method. The intensity of the detected fluorescent signal was found to be proportional to the amount of IGF-E5 secreted, thus allowing the highest producers in the population to be identified and picked. CHO clones producing up to 9.5 μg/ml of Tissue-Plasminogen Activator (tPA, 67 kDa) were also generated using FLSSM. In addition, IGF-E5 high-producers were isolated from 293SF transfectants, showing that cell selection in semi-solid medium is not limited to CHO and lymphoid cells. The best positive clones were collected with a micromanipulator as well as with an automated colony picker, thus demonstrating the method's high throughput potential. Conclusion FLSSM allows rapid visualization of the high secretors from transfected pools prior to picking, thus eliminating the tedious task of screening a high number of cell isolates. Because of its rapidity and its simplicity, FLSSM is a versatile method for the screening of high producers for research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine W Caron
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Conseil National de Recherches du Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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37
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Pichler J, Hesse F, Wieser M, Kunert R, Galosy SS, Mott JE, Borth N. A study on the temperature dependency and time course of the cold capture antibody secretion assay. J Biotechnol 2009; 141:80-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Browne SM, Al-Rubeai M. Selection Methods for High-Producing Mammalian Cell Lines. CELL ENGINEERING 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2245-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Borth N, Mattanovich D, Kunert R, Katinger H. Effect of Increased Expression of Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Heavy Chain Binding Protein on Antibody Secretion in a Recombinant CHO Cell Line. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:106-11. [PMID: 15903247 DOI: 10.1021/bp0498241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that a human-antibody-producing recombinant CHO cell line did not increase its intracellular content of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and heavy chain binding protein (BIP) according to the increasing expression of antibody. It was also found that the intracellular assembly of light and heavy chain is a major limiting factor for overall cell specific productivity, as secretion rates improve with higher light chain expression levels and heavy chain accumulates intracellularly when too little light chain is present. As these CHO cells had a significantly lower intracellular PDI content compared to that of hybridoma cells, these results have led us to try to overcome the limitation in the posttranslational assembly in the endoplasmatic reticulum. Recombinant CHO cells were transfected with PDI or BIP alone or in combination, and the effect on intracellular light and heavy chain content and specific production rate was determined. Overexpression of BIP, both alone and in combination with PDI, reduced the specific secretion rate, whereas PDI, when overexpressed alone, caused an increase of product secretion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Borth
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Trummer E, Ernst W, Hesse F, Schriebl K, Lattenmayer C, Kunert R, Vorauer‐Uhl K, Katinger H, Müller D. Transcriptional profiling of phenotypically different Epo‐Fc expressing CHO clones by cross‐species microarray analysis. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:924-37. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Browne SM, Al-Rubeai M. Selection methods for high-producing mammalian cell lines. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:425-32. [PMID: 17659798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The selection of high-producing mammalian cell lines represents a bottleneck in process development for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Traditional methods are time consuming (development times often exceed six months) and significantly limited by the number of clones that can be feasibly screened. The market for therapeutic proteins is set to double by 2010, so there is an increasing need to develop methods for the selection of mammalian cell lines stably expressing recombinant products at high levels in an efficient, cost-effective and high-throughput manner. Alternatives include higher throughput methods based on flow-cytometric screening and recently developed automated systems for the selection of high-producing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Browne
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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42
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Hartman TE, Sar N, Genereux K, Barritt DS, He Y, Burky JE, Wesson MC, Tso JY, Tsurushita N, Zhou W, Sauer PW. Derivation and characterization of cholesterol-independent non-GS NS0 cell lines for production of recombinant antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 96:294-306. [PMID: 16897745 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Presented is an antibody production platform based on the fed-batch culture of recombinant NS0-derived cell lines. NS0 host cells, obtained from the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, UK, Part No. 85110503), were first adapted to grow in a protein-free, cholesterol-free medium. The resulting host cell line was designated NS0-PFCF (protein-free, cholesterol-free). The five production cell lines presented here were generated using a common protocol consisting of transfection by electroporation and subcloning. The NS0-PFCF host cell line was transfected using a single expression vector containing the Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (gpt), and the antibody heavy and light chain genes driven by the CMV promoter. The five cell lines were chosen after one to three rounds of iterative subcloning, which resulted in a 19-64% increase in antibody productivity when four mother-daughter cell pairs were cultured in a fed-batch bioreactor process. The production cell lines were genetically characterized to determine antibody gene integrity, nucleotide sequences, copy number, and the number of insertion sites in the NS0 cell genome. Genetic characterization data indicate that each of the five production cell lines has a single stably integrated copy of the antibody expression vector, and that the antibody genes are correctly expressed. Stability of antibody production was evaluated for three of the five cell lines by comparing the early stage seed bank with the Working Cell Bank (WCB). Antibody productivity was shown to be stable in two of three cell lines evaluated, while one of the cell lines exhibited a 20% drop in productivity after passaging for approximately 4 weeks. These five NS0-derived production cell lines were successfully cultured to produce antibodies with acceptable product quality attributes in a standardized fed-batch bioreactor process, consistently achieving an average specific productivity of 20-60 pg/cell-day, and a volumetric productivity exceeding 120 mg/L-day (Burky et al., 2006). In contrast to the commonly available NS0 host cell line, which requires serum and cholesterol for growth, and the commonly used expression vector system, which uses a proprietary glutamine synthetase selection marker (GS-NS0), these NS0 cells are cholesterol-independent, grow well in a protein-free medium, use a non-proprietary selection marker, and do not require gene amplification for productivity improvement. These characteristics are advantageous for use of this NS0 cell line platform for manufacturing therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymar E Hartman
- Process Sciences and Engineering, PDL BioPharma, Inc., 34801 Campus Drive, Fremont, California 94555, USA.
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43
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Kuystermans D, Krampe B, Swiderek H, Al-Rubeai M. Using cell engineering and omic tools for the improvement of cell culture processes. Cytotechnology 2007; 53:3-22. [PMID: 19003186 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-007-9055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant strides have been made in mammalian cell based biopharmaceutical process and cell line development over the past years. With several established mammalian host cell lines and expression systems, optimization of selection systems to reduce development times and improvement of glycosylation patterns are only some of the advances being made to improve cell culture processes. In this article, the advances pertaining to cell line development and cell engineering strategies are discussed. An overview of the cell engineering strategies to enhance cellular characteristics by genetic manipulation are illustrated, focusing on the use of genomics and proteomics tools and their application in such endeavors. Included in this review are some of the early studies using the 'omic' technique to understand cellular mechanisms of product synthesis and secretion, apoptosis, cell proliferation and the influence of the physicochemical environment. The article highlights the significance of integrating genomics and proteomics data with the vast amounts of bioprocess data for improved analysis of the biological pathways involved. Further improvements of the techniques and methodologies used are needed but ultimately, the new cell engineering strategies should provide great insight into the regulatory networks within the cell in a bioprocess environment and how to manipulate them to increase overall productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrin Kuystermans
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering and Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Sleiman RJ, Gray PP, McCall MN, Codamo J, Sunstrom NAS. Accelerated cell line development using two-color fluorescence activated cell sorting to select highly expressing antibody-producing clones. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 99:578-87. [PMID: 17680677 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of engineered monoclonal antibodies as biopharmaceuticals has generated considerable interest in strategies designed to accelerate development of antibody expressing cell lines. Stable mammalian cell lines that express therapeutic antibodies at high levels typically take 6-12 months to develop. Here we describe a novel method to accelerate selection of cells expressing recombinant proteins (e.g., antibodies) using multiparameter fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) in association with dual intracellular autofluorescent reporter proteins. The method is co-factor-independent and does not require complex sample preparation. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones expressing high levels of recombinant antibody were selected on the basis of a two-color FACS sorting strategy using heavy and light chain-specific fluorescent reporter proteins. We were able to establish within 12 weeks of transfection cell lines with greater than a 38-fold increase in antibody production when compared to the pool from which they were isolated, following a single round of FACS. The method provides a robust strategy to accelerate selection and characterization of clones and builds a foundation for a predictive model of specific productivity based upon on two-color fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Sleiman
- ACYTE Biotech Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bouquin T, Rasmussen PB, Bertilsson PA, Okkels JS. Regulated readthrough: A new method for the alternative tagging and targeting of recombinant proteins. J Biotechnol 2006; 125:516-28. [PMID: 16682095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new method for the alternative peptide tagging of recombinant proteins from mammalian cell lines. This method, which we called regulated readthrough, exploits the property of aminoglycoside antibiotics to promote translational readthrough of nonsense codons. The basic expression cassette includes a translational fusion between a gene of interest and a membrane targeting peptide, which are separated by a nonsense codon. In the presence of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, translational readthrough is promoted and results in the targeting of the fusion protein to the cell membrane, thus allowing the efficient flow cytometry-based isolation of cells expressing very high levels of recombinant protein. For downstream applications requiring the production of soluble recombinant protein, the cells are cultured in the absence of aminoglycoside, leading to an efficient translational termination. By combining different translation termination signals that exhibit various susceptibilities to aminoglycoside-mediated translational readthrough with flow cytometry capabilities, it is possible to use this technology for other applications such as functional library screening or monitoring the stability of recombinant protein production.
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Mattanovich D, Borth N. Applications of cell sorting in biotechnology. Microb Cell Fact 2006; 5:12. [PMID: 16551353 PMCID: PMC1435767 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique capability to analyze a large number of single cells for several parameters simultaneously, flow cytometry has changed our understanding of the behavior of cells in culture and of the population dynamics even of clonal populations. The potential of this method for biotechnological research, which is based on populations of living cells, was soon appreciated. Sorting applications, however, are still less frequent than one would expect with regard to their potential. This review highlights important contributions where flow cytometric cell sorting was used for physiological research, protein engineering, cell engineering, specifically emphasizing selection of overproducing cell lines. Finally conclusions are drawn concerning the impact of cell sorting on inverse metabolic engineering and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diethard Mattanovich
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- School of Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences FH-Campus Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most cancer patients are treated by a combination of surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Whereas the primary tumor can, in most cases, be efficiently treated by a combination of these standard therapies, preventing the metastatic spread of the disease through disseminated tumor cells is often not effective. The eradication of disseminated tumor cells present in the blood circulation and micro-metastases in distant organs therefore represents another promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Main strategies of cancer immunotherapy aim at exploiting the therapeutic potential of tumor-specific antibodies and cellular immune effector mechanisms. Whereas passive antibody therapy relies on the repeated application of large quantities of tumor antigen-specific antibodies, active immunotherapy aims at the generation of a tumor-specific immune response combining both humoral and cytotoxic T cell effector mechanisms by the host's immune system following vaccination. In the first part of this review, concurrent developments in active and passive cancer immunotherapy are discussed. In the second part, the various approaches for the production of optimized monoclonal antibodies used for anti-cancer vaccination are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schuster
- Apeiron Biologics Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-GmbH, Brunnerstrasse 59, 1230 Vienna, Austria.
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48
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Carroll S, Al-Rubeai M. The selection of high-producing cell lines using flow cytometry and cell sorting. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 4:1821-9. [PMID: 15500410 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.4.11.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The selection of high-producing cell lines is usually time-consuming and labour-intensive. Following transfection, high-producing cells are selected using limiting dilution cloning to prevent non- and low-producing cells from outgrowing high-producing cells, a process that normally takes > 3 months. During this time, the cells have to be screened occasionally to ensure stability of the selected clone. Several new methods for selecting and screening cells using flow cytometry and cell sorting have recently been developed; these include gel microdrop technology, which encapsulates the cells in gelatine beads, and matrix-based secretion assays. This paper reviews these techniques for selecting high-producing cell lines and isolating rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carroll
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK
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49
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Böhm E, Grillari J, Voglauer R, Gross S, Ernst W, Ferko B, Kunert R, Katinger H, Borth N. Establishment of a strategy for the rapid generation of a monoclonal antibody against the human protein SNEV (hNMP200) by flow-cytometric cell sorting. J Immunol Methods 2005; 307:13-23. [PMID: 16289093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The screening for antigen-specific hybridoma cells with adequate production rates is still a time-, labour- and money-consuming procedure. A reduction in cell culture testing by specifically selecting those fused cells that produce antibody could therefore make hybridoma technology more attractive, even for small research groups or for newly discovered proteins at an early stage of research. Additional problems, such as the requirement to produce sufficient amounts of the unknown protein at a purity that allows specific immunisation of mice and testing of the resulting hybridoma clones, also need to be overcome. Here we present a new strategy to isolate rapidly and efficiently monoclonal antibodies against new proteins, for which only sequence information at the DNA level is known. The strategy consists of fusion of the protein to a hexa-His-tag to allow easy purification, production in yeast and insect cells to reduce background immunisation with host cell proteins and the selection of IgG-producing hybridoma cells by flow-cytometric cell sorting using the affinity matrix secretion assay technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Böhm
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Wien/Vienna, Austria
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50
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Schuster M, Umana P, Ferrara C, Brünker P, Gerdes C, Waxenecker G, Wiederkum S, Schwager C, Loibner H, Himmler G, Mudde GC. Improved effector functions of a therapeutic monoclonal Lewis Y-specific antibody by glycoform engineering. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7934-41. [PMID: 16140965 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to produce glycosylation variants of the therapeutic Lewis Y-specific humanized IgG1 antibody IGN311 to enhance cell-killing effector function. This was achieved via genetic engineering of the glycosylation machinery of the antibody-producing host. Antibody genes were transiently cotransfected with acetyl-glycosaminyltransferase-III genes into human embryonic kidney-EBV nuclear antigen cells. A control wild-type antibody, IGN311wt, was expressed in the same host using identical expression vectors, but without cotransfection of genes for acetyl-glycosaminyltransferase-III expression. Both expression products were purified to homogeneity and characterized. The glyco-engineered expression product (IGN312-Glyco-I) showed a remarkably homogenous N-linked glycosylation pattern consisting of one major hybrid-type, non-fucosylated and agalactosylated form carrying a bisecting GlcNAc-group. Wild-type expression product (IGN311wt) on the other hand was glycosylated by a multitude of different core-fucosylated complex-type structures of variable degrees of galactosylation. Target affinity of the glyco-engineered antibody as well as heavy and light chain assembly were not affected by acetyl-glycosaminyltransferase-III expression. In vitro experiments showed a approximately 10-fold increase of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of the glyco-engineered antibody using different Lewis Y-positive target cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3, SK-BR-5, OVCAR-3, and Kato-III). Complement-mediated cytotoxicity of IGN312-Glyco-I was 0.4-fold reduced using SK-BR-5 as target cell line. The reduction of complement activation could be prevented and even converted into a slight increase of activity by using a different molecular-biological approach directing the glycosylation towards increased levels of complex N-linked oligosaccharides of bisected, non-fucosylated type, as a result of cotransfection of mannosidase II together with acetyl-glycosaminyltransferase-III.
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