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Nour-Eldine W, Joffre J, Zibara K, Esposito B, Giraud A, Zeboudj L, Vilar J, Terada M, Bruneval P, Vivier E, Ait-Oufella H, Mallat Z, Ugolini S, Tedgui A. Genetic Depletion or Hyperresponsiveness of Natural Killer Cells Do Not Affect Atherosclerosis Development. Circ Res 2018; 122:47-57. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Chronic inflammation is central in the development of atherosclerosis. Both innate and adaptive immunities are involved. Although several studies have evaluated the functions of natural killer (NK) cells in experimental animal models of atherosclerosis, it is not yet clear whether NK cells behave as protective or proatherogenic effectors. One of the main caveats of previous studies was the lack of specificity in targeting loss or gain of function of NK cells.
Objectives:
We used 2 selective genetic approaches to investigate the role of NK cells in atherosclerosis: (1)
Ncr1
iCre/+
R26
lsl−
DTA/+
mice in which NK cells were depleted and (2)
Noé
mice in which NK cells are hyperresponsive.
Methods and Results:
No difference in atherosclerotic lesion size was found in
Ldlr
−/−
(low-density lipoprotein receptor null) mice transplanted with bone marrow (BM) cells from
Ncr1
iCre
R26R
lsl−
DTA
,
Noé
, or wild-type mice. Also, no difference was observed in plaque composition in terms of collagen content, macrophage infiltration, or the immune profile, although
Noé
chimera had more IFN (interferon)-γ–producing NK cells, compared with wild-type mice. Then, we investigated the NK-cell selectivity of anti–asialoganglioside M1 antiserum, which was previously used to conclude the proatherogenicity of NK cells. Anti–asialoganglioside M1 treatment decreased atherosclerosis in both
Ldlr
−/−
mice transplanted with
Ncr1
iCre
R26R
lsl−
DTA
or wild-type bone marrow, indicating that its antiatherogenic effects are unrelated to NK-cell depletion, but to CD8
+
T and NKT cells. Finally, to determine whether NK cells could contribute to the disease in conditions of pathological NK-cell overactivation, we treated irradiated
Ldlr
−/−
mice reconstituted with either wild-type or
Ncr1
iCre
R26R
lsl−
DTA
bone marrow with the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and found a significant reduction of plaque size in NK-cell–deficient chimeric mice.
Conclusions:
Our findings, using state-of-the-art mouse models, demonstrate that NK cells have no direct effect on the natural development of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis, but may play a role when an additional systemic NK-cell overactivation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Jérémie Joffre
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Kazem Zibara
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Bruno Esposito
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Andréas Giraud
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Lynda Zeboudj
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - José Vilar
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Megumi Terada
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Eric Vivier
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Sophie Ugolini
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris-Descartes, France (W.N.-E., J.J., B.E., A.G., L.Z., J.V., P.B., H.A.-O., Z.M., A.T.); ER045, PRASE (W.N.-E., K.Z.) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I (K.Z.), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomopathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France (M.T., P.B.); Centre d’Immunologie de
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Kyaw T, Peter K, Li Y, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A. Cytotoxic lymphocytes and atherosclerosis: significance, mechanisms and therapeutic challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3956-3972. [PMID: 28471481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes encompass natural killer lymphocytes (cells) and cytotoxic T cells that include CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, γ, δ (γδ)-T cells and human CD4 + CD28- T cells. These cells play critical roles in inflammatory diseases and in controlling cancers and infections. Cytotoxic lymphocytes can be activated via a number of mechanisms that may involve dendritic cells, macrophages, cytokines or surface proteins on stressed cells. Upon activation, they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxins to promote inflammation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions including vulnerable lesions, which are strongly implicated in myocardial infarctions and strokes. Here, we review the mechanisms that activate and regulate cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, including activating and inhibitory receptors, cytokines, chemokine receptors-chemokine systems utilized to home to inflamed lesions and cytotoxins and cytokines through which they affect other cells within lesions. We also examine their roles in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which they exert their pathogenic effects. Finally, we discuss strategies for therapeutically targeting these cells to prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions and vulnerable plaques and the challenge of developing highly targeted therapies that only minimally affect the body's immune system, avoiding the complications, such as increased susceptibility to infections, which are currently associated with many immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Zuo J, Shan Z, Zhou L, Yu J, Liu X, Gao Y. Increased CD160 expression on circulating natural killer cells in atherogenesis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:188. [PMID: 26071079 PMCID: PMC4467674 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) presents characteristic of a chronic inflammatory disease in which both adaptive and innate immune cells play roles. Accumulating evidence has showed the impairment of natural killer (NK) cells in atherosclerosis, however, the mechanisms of this impairment remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of CD160 on NK cells and assessed its pathological roles in NK loss during atherogenesis. METHODS CD160 expression on NK cells was measured in 49 AS patients and 41 healthy controls (HC) by flow cytometry, their inflammatory cytokine levels in sera were determined by ELSIA, and the effect of CD160 engagement on NK cells was evaluated by in vitro culture experiments. RESULTS Compared to HC, AS patients had a significantly increased CD160 expression on peripheral NK cells and concomitantly decreased peripheral NK cell number, and increased CD160 expression was positively related to the levels of serum lipids and IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 inflammation cytokines, which all are risk factors for atherogenesis, and inversely correlated with peripheral NK cell number. Furthermore, engagement of CD160 receptor on NK cells from AS patients triggers a significantly increased production of inflammation cytokines and subsequent NK cell apoptosis, and blockade of TNF-α prevented the increased apoptosis of NK cells from AS patients after CD160 engagement, indicating a critical role of TNF-α in mediating NK cell loss by CD160 engagement. RESULTS Our results provide evidence that elevated CD160 expression on NK cells plays an important role in NK cell loss in atherosclerosis. The increased CD160 expression on NK cells might be used as an indicator for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100863, China.
| | - Zhaoliang Shan
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Center of Health Examination, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Center of Health Examination, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100863, China.
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4
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Selathurai A, Deswaerte V, Kanellakis P, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Natural killer (NK) cells augment atherosclerosis by cytotoxic-dependent mechanisms. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:128-37. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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5
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Engagement of transgenic Ly49A inhibits mouse CD4 cell activation by disrupting T cell receptor, but not CD28, signaling. Cell Immunol 2009; 257:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Soulard V, Roland J, Sellier C, Gruner AC, Leite-de-Moraes M, Franetich JF, Rénia L, Cazenave PA, Pied S. Primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium yoelii induces a heterogeneous response of NKT cells. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2511-22. [PMID: 17307938 PMCID: PMC1865793 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01818-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a population of innate-like lymphocytes that display effector functions and immunoregulatory properties. We characterized the NKT cell response induced in C57BL/6 mice during a primary infection with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. We observed a heterogeneous NKT cell response that differed between liver and spleen. Hepatic NKT cells found in infected livers consisted mainly of CD1d-dependent CD4+ and double-negative (DN) NKT cells, whereas CD1d-independent NKT cells exhibiting a TCR(high) CD4(high) phenotype were prominent among splenic NKT cells during the infection. Hepatic and splenic NKT cells isolated from infected mice were activated and secreted mainly gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in response to stimulation. Finally, P. yoelii-activated hepatic DN NKT cells inhibited the parasite's liver stage in a CD1d-dependent manner in vitro. However, experiments using B6.CD1d-deficient mice showed that CD1d and CD1d-restricted NKT cells are not necessary to control the parasite's development in vivo during neither the preerythrocytic stage nor the erythrocytic stage. Thus, our results show that a primary P. yoelii infection induces a heterogeneous and organ-specific response of NKT cells and that CD1d-dependent NKT cells play a minor role in the control of the development of Plasmodium in vivo in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Soulard
- Unité d'Immunophysiopathologie Infectieuse, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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7
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were identified 30 years ago based on their ability to "spontaneously" kill tumor cells. The basis for NK cell recognition and activation is due to a variety of receptors that bind to specific ligands on tumor cells and normal cells. Some of these receptors have the ability to inhibit NK cell function, and other receptors activate NK cell function. Therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy are being developed based on preventing NK cell inhibition or using NK cell receptors to activate NK cells or T cells. There are intriguing clinical data from studies of bone marrow transplantation that support the idea that preventing NK cell inhibition by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can be a means to promote graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects and limit graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Experimental findings also support the blockade of NK cell inhibitory receptors as a way to protect against leukemia relapse. It may be possible to use our knowledge of NK cell activating receptors and their ligands to immunize patients with modified tumor cells to promote beneficial NK cell responses and development of host antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Finally, new data support the idea of using modified NK cell receptors as a means to target patients' T cells against their own tumor cells and induce long-term immunity against them. Tumors are essentially tissues that have overcome normal regulation mechanisms, and therefore the ability to distinguish normal cells from abnormal cells is a key part of selectively attacking tumor cells. NK cells have various receptor systems designed to recognize infected and abnormal cells. Understanding NK cell receptors and their recognition mechanisms provides new tools for the development of immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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8
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Wira CR, Fahey JV, Sentman CL, Pioli PA, Shen L. Innate and adaptive immunity in female genital tract: cellular responses and interactions. Immunol Rev 2005; 206:306-35. [PMID: 16048557 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract (FRT) has evolved to meet the unique requirements of dealing with sexually transmitted bacterial and viral pathogens, allogeneic spermatozoa, and the immunologically distinct fetus. Analysis of the FRT indicates that the key cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems are present and functionally responsive to antigens. Acting through Toll-like receptors in the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and in the vagina, epithelial cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils confer protection through the production of chemokines and cytokines, which recruit and activate immune cells, as well as bactericidal and virucidal agents, which confer protection at times when adaptive immunity is downregulated by sex hormones to meet the constraints of procreation. The overall goal of this paper is to define the innate immune system in the FRT and, where possible, to define the regulatory influences that occur during the menstrual cycle that contribute to protection from and susceptibility to potential pathogens. By understanding the nature of this protection and the ways in which innate and adaptive immunity interact, these studies provide the opportunity to contribute to the foundation of information essential for ensuring reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Wira
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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9
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Smith SS, Patterson T, Pauza ME. Transgenic Ly-49A inhibits antigen-driven T cell activation and delays diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3897-905. [PMID: 15778344 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of islet-specific T cells plays a significant role in the development of type 1 diabetes. In an effort to control T cell activation, we expressed the inhibitory receptor, Ly-49A, on islet-specific mouse CD4 cells. Ag-mediated activation of Ly-49A T cells was inhibited in vitro when the Ly-49A ligand, H-2D(d), was present on APCs. Ag-driven T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and changes in surface receptor expression were significantly reduced. Inhibition was also evident during secondary antigenic challenge. Addition of exogenous IL-2 did not rescue cells from inhibition, suggesting that Ly-49A engagement does not lead to T cell anergy. Importantly, in an adoptive transfer model, Ly-49A significantly delays the onset of diabetes. Together these results demonstrate that the inhibitory receptor Ly-49A effectively limits Ag-specific CD4 cell responses even in the presence of sustained autoantigen expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry S Smith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62702, USA
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10
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Arlettaz L, Degermann S, De Rham C, Roosnek E, Huard B. Expression of inhibitory KIR is confined to CD8+ effector T cells and limits their proliferative capacity. Eur J Immunol 2005; 34:3413-22. [PMID: 15549734 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A subset of effector/memory CD8(+) T cells expresses natural killer cell receptors (NKR). Expression of inhibitory NKR at that stage of T cell differentiation is poorly understood. Interestingly, recent studies in mice indicated that transgenic expression of an inhibitory NKR induced the accumulation of memory T cells by inhibiting activation-induced cell death (AICD). To further understand the role of inhibitory NKR on T cells, we characterized the subset of human peripheral T cells expressing the inhibitory NKR, CD158b, and studied the modulation of antigen-driven T cell expansion by an endogenous inhibitory NKR. We found that CD158b expression was confined to a population of CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(+) effector T cells as defined by a CD45RA(+)CCR7(-) phenotype and high constitutive expression of granzyme B1. Few cells expressed the activating form CD158j in the absence of CD158b. Functionally, engagement of CD158b by MHC ligands diminished early TCR signaling, as well as AICD. However, the reduced AICD did not rescue cells for proliferation, since T cell expansion in the presence of CD158b triggering was impaired. Expression of inhibitory NKR on effector CD8(+) T cells may explain in part the poor replicative capacity of T cells at that stage of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Arlettaz
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Matsumoto G, Kubota E, Omi Y, Lee U, Penninger JM. Essential role of LFA-1 in activating Th2-like responses by alpha-galactosylceramide-activated NKT cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4976-84. [PMID: 15470040 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NKT cells produce large amounts of cytokines associated with both the Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) responses following stimulation of their invariant Valpha14 Ag receptor. The role of adhesion molecules in the activation of NKT cells by the Valpha14 ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) remains unclear. To address this issue, LFA-1-/- (CD11a-/-) mice were used to investigate IL-4 and IFN-gamma production by NKT cells following alpha-GalCer stimulation. Intriguingly, LFA-1-/- mice showed increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production and polarized Th2-type responses in response to alpha-GalCer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 was up-regulated in alpha-GalCer-activated NKT cells from LFA-1-/- mice. These results provide the first genetic evidence that the adhesion receptor LFA-1 has a crucial role in Th2-polarizing functions of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental College, Inaoka, Yokosuka, Japan.
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12
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Peacock CD, Welsh RM. Origin and fate of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific CD8+ T cells coexpressing the inhibitory NK cell receptor Ly49G2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:478-84. [PMID: 15210808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells that coexpress the inhibitory NK cell receptor, Ly49G2 (G2), are present in immunologically naive C57BL/6 mice but display Ags found on memory T cells. To assess how G2+CD8+ cells relate to bona fide memory cells, we examined the origin and fate of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-induced G2+CD8+ cells. During early (day 4) acute LCMV infection, both G2+ and G2-CD8+ T cell subsets underwent an attrition in number and displayed an activation (CD69(high)1B11(high)CD62L(low)) phenotype. By day 8, both subsets synthesized IFN-gamma in response to immunodominant LCMV peptides, though the expansion of G2+ cells was less than that of G2- cells. Adoptive transfer experiments with purified G2- or G2+CD8+ cells from naive mice indicated that the LCMV-specific G2+ subset was derived from a pre-existing G2+ population and not generated from G2- cells responding to LCMV infection. Their participation in the LCMV-specific T cell response increased with age, reflecting an increase in the size of the pre-existing G2+ pool. Following establishment of stable LCMV memory, the proportion of CD8+ cells coexpressing G2 was reduced in comparison to naive controls, presumably due to displacement by G2- LCMV-specific memory cells. LCMV-specific G2+ cells were present in the memory pool, but at low frequencies, and they did not exhibit the typical phenotypic changes of reactivation during secondary challenge. We suggest that G2+CD8+ cells represent a cell lineage distinct from bona fide memory T cells, but that they can participate in an acute virus-specific T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Peacock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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13
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Sköld M, Stenström M, Sidobre S, Höglund P, Kronenberg M, Cardell S. MHC-dependent and -independent modulation of endogenous Ly49 receptors on NK1.1+ T lymphocytes directed by T-cell receptor type. Immunology 2003; 110:313-21. [PMID: 14632658 PMCID: PMC1783057 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) T lymphocytes are thought to act as regulatory cells directing early events during immune responses. Murine NKT cells express inhibitory receptors of the Ly49 family. These receptors have a well-established and crucial role in modulating NK cell activities, but their physiological role in regulating NKT cells is not well understood, nor is the influence of major histocompatibility (MHC) ligands on endogenous Ly49 expression. We have further investigated how the expression of inhibitory NK receptors is regulated on NKT cells, and demonstrate a non-random expression of ligated Ly49 molecules on CD1d-restricted NKT cells. The nature of the T-cell receptor on the NKT cell crucially determines the profile of expressed Ly49 isoforms. Further, we show that MHC class I ligands efficiently modulate the expression levels of the inhibitory receptors, and the frequencies of cells positive for the Ly49 members. In addition, we find a several-fold increase in Ly49C/I-expressing NKT cells in adult thymus, apparently independent of MHC class I molecules. Abundant expression of Ly49 receptors on NKT cells, and the striking differences found in Ly49 isoform patterns on NKT-cell subsets differing in T-cell receptor expression, suggest that the pattern of Ly49 expression is tuned to fit the T-cell receptor and to emphasize further a role for these receptors in NKT immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface
- Genes, MHC Class I/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sköld
- Section for Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Gao JX, Liu X, Wen J, Caligiuri MA, Stroynowski I, Zheng P, Liu Y. Two-signal requirement for activation and effector function of natural killer cell response to allogeneic tumor cells. Blood 2003; 102:4456-63. [PMID: 12933569 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal activation of T cells requires delivery of both antigenic and costimulatory signals. It is unclear, however, if the function of the natural killer (NK) cells is also modulated by these 2 signals. Here we report that efficient control of solid allogeneic tumors by NK cells depends on codelivery of both B7-1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the tumor cells. The codelivery is required for optimal expansion and effector function of NK cells in response to both melanoma and plasmocytoma that expressed allogeneic MHC class I. Our results demonstrate that the 2 signals required for T-cell function also can regulate NK immunity and reveal an important similarity between the innate NK response and the adaptive T-cell response.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/analysis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Line, Tumor/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plasmacytoma/immunology
- Plasmacytoma/pathology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Gao
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Chalifour A, Roger J, Lemieux S, Duplay P. Receptor/ligand avidity determines the capacity of Ly49 inhibitory receptors to interfere with T-cell receptor-mediated activation. Immunology 2003; 109:58-67. [PMID: 12709018 PMCID: PMC1782942 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity and the relative affinity of many Ly49 receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I ligands have been studied in detail in various adhesion and binding assays. However, how the level of cell surface expression of a given Ly49 receptor and its ligand affinity influence the strength of the inhibition signal is not well documented. To address this issue, we developed a series of human Jurkat T-cell transfectants expressing the whole range of Ly49A and Ly49C levels found in vivo on natural killer and T cells and evaluated their capacity to alter superantigen-induced NF-AT activation and interleukin-2 production. We show that the strength of the inhibition induced by Ly49A/H-2Dd interaction correlates with Ly49A density up to a certain level after which increasing expression does not further inhibit significantly the T-cell receptor-induced activation. This system also represents a valuable tool for the determination of the relative strength of the inhibitory signals of Ly49 receptors following their interactions with different ligands. Even at high levels of expression there was no evidence that engagement of Ly49A with H-2b class I molecules provided an inhibitory signal. Moreover, we showed that functional inhibitory interactions of Ly49C with H-2b class I molecules were only the result of H-2Kb and that H-2d represent lower affinity ligands for Ly49C than H-2b. Therefore, depending on the relative affinity of Ly49 receptors for their ligands, the modulation of their expression level will be determinant for the functional outcome of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anick Chalifour
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
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16
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Voyle RB, Beermann F, Lees RK, Schümann J, Zimmer J, Held W, MacDonald HR. Ligand-dependent inhibition of CD1d-restricted NKT cell development in mice transgenic for the activating receptor Ly49D. J Exp Med 2003; 197:919-25. [PMID: 12682111 PMCID: PMC2193884 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their CD1d-restricted T cell receptor (TCR), natural killer T (NKT) cells express various receptors normally associated with NK cells thought to act, in part, as modulators of TCR signaling. Immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation (ITAM) and inhibition (ITIM) motifs associated with NK receptors may augment or attenuate perceived TCR signals respectively, potentially influencing NKT cell development and function. ITIM-containing Ly49 family receptors expressed by NKT cells are proposed to play a role in their development and function. We have produced mice transgenic for the ITAM-associated Ly49D and ITIM-containing Ly49A receptors and their common ligand H2-Dd to determine the importance of these signaling interplays in NKT cell development. Ly49D/H2-Dd transgenic mice had selectively and severely reduced numbers of thymic and peripheral NKT cells, whereas both ligand and Ly49D transgenics had normal numbers of NKT cells. CD1d tetramer staining revealed a blockade of NKT cell development at an early precursor stage. Coexpression of a Ly49A transgene partially rescued NKT cell development in Ly49D/H2-Dd transgenics, presumably due to attenuation of ITAM signaling. Thus, Ly49D-induced ITAM signaling is incompatible with the early development of cells expressing semi-invariant CD1d-restricted TCRs and appropriately harmonized ITIM-ITAM signaling is likely to play an important role in the developmental program of NKT cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Ly/chemistry
- Antigens, Ly/physiology
- H-2 Antigens/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger B Voyle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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17
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Lee SH, Zafer A, de Repentigny Y, Kothary R, Tremblay ML, Gros P, Duplay P, Webb JR, Vidal SM. Transgenic expression of the activating natural killer receptor Ly49H confers resistance to cytomegalovirus in genetically susceptible mice. J Exp Med 2003; 197:515-26. [PMID: 12591908 PMCID: PMC2193863 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resistance to infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is controlled by a dominant locus, Cmv1. Cmv1 is linked to the Ly49 family of natural killer receptors on distal chromosome 6. While some studies localized Cmv1 as distal to the Ly49 gene cluster, genetic and functional analysis identified Ly49h as a pivotal factor in resistance to MCMV. The role of these two independent genomic domains in MCMV resistance was evaluated by functional complementation using transgenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) in genetically susceptible mice. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the transgenic animals traced the resistance gene to a single region spanning the Ly49h gene. The appearance of the Ly49H protein in NK cells of transgenic mice coincided with the emergence of MCMV resistance, and there was a threshold Ly49H protein level associated with full recovery. Finally, transgenic expression of Ly49H in the context of either of the two independent susceptibility alleles, Cmv1(sBALB) or Cmv1(sFVB), conferred resistance to MCMV infection. These results demonstrate that Ly49h is necessary and sufficient to confer MCMV resistance, and formally demonstrate allelism between Cmv1 and Ly49h. This panel of transgenic animals provides a unique resource to study possible pleiotropic effect of Cmv1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/physiology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muromegalovirus
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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18
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Byers AM, Kemball CC, Andrews NP, Lukacher AE. Regulation of antiviral CD8+ T cells by inhibitory natural killer cell receptors. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:169-77. [PMID: 12650775 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that CD8(+) T cells express natural killer cell receptors that constrain the range and magnitude of their activities. For virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, upregulation of these receptors serves to control infection, while concurrently minimizing bystander pathology. Dysregulated expression of these receptors, however, may foster the establishment of persistent virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Byers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, Rm. 7307, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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19
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Peacock CD, Xu W, Stepp SE, Welsh RM. Dynamics of Ly49 expressing cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets in response to virus infection. Microbes Infect 2002; 4:1481-90. [PMID: 12505520 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections induce first a loss and then an increase in natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. NK cells expressing Ly49G2 were selectively expanded by several viruses and poly I:C. CD8(+) T cells expressing Ly49G2 were selectively expanded by poly I:C and participated in the antigen-specific response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Peacock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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20
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Morris MA, Liu J, Arora V, George TC, Klem J, Schatzle JD, Kumar V, Bennett M. B6 Strain Ly49I Inhibitory Gene Expression on T Cells in FVB.Ly49IB6 Transgenic Mice Fails to Prevent Normal T Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 169:3661-6. [PMID: 12244158 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory Ly49 receptors expressed on NK cells provide a mechanism for tolerance to normal self tissues. The immunoregulatory tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs present in some Ly49s are able to transmit an inhibitory signal upon ligation by MHC class I ligands. In our system, as well as others, mice transgenic for inhibitory Ly49 receptors express these receptors on both NK and T cells. FVB (H2(q)) mice transgenic for the B6 strain Ly49I (Ly49I(B6)) express the inhibitory Ly49 receptor on the surface of both T and NK cells. Although Ly49I functions to prevent NK-mediated rejection of H2(b) donor bone marrow cells in this transgenic mouse strain, the T cells do not appear to be affected by the expression of the Ly49I transgene. FVB.Ly49I T cells have normal proliferative capabilities both in vitro and in vivo in response to the Ly49I ligand, H2(b). In vivo functional T cell assays were also done, showing that transgenic T cells were not functionally affected. T cells in these mice also appear to undergo normal T cell development and activation. Only upon stimulation with suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 in the presence of anti-Ly49I is T cell proliferation inhibited. These data are in contrast with findings in Ly49A, and Ly49G2 receptor transgenic models. Perhaps Ly49I-H2(b) interactions are weaker or of lower avidity than Ly49A-H-2D(d) interactions, especially in T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transgenes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Morris
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, and Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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21
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Abstract
An array of inhibitory and activating receptors initially identified on NK cells are also expressed by conventional CD8+ alphabeta T cells. New evidence strongly implicates these 'NK cell receptors' in modulating NK cell and virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses against a variety of viral infections. Precise regulation of NK cell and T cell responses by these receptors optimizes antiviral immunity while preventing immunological bystander pathology and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Moser
- Department of Pathology, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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Maeda M, Lohwasser S, Yamamura T, Takei F. Regulation of NKT cells by Ly49: analysis of primary NKT cells and generation of NKT cell line. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4180-6. [PMID: 11591738 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TCRalphabeta(+)NK1.1(+) (NKT) cells are known to express various NK cell-associated molecules including the Ly49 family of receptors for MHC class I, but its functional significance has been unclear. Here, we examined the expression of Ly49A, C/I and G2 on various NKT cell populations from normal and MHC class I-deficient C57BL/6 mice as well as their responsiveness to alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a potent stimulator of CD1d-restricted NKT cells. The frequency and the level of Ly49 expression varied among NKT cells from different tissues, and were regulated by the expression of MHC class I and CD1d in the host. Stimulation of various NKT cells with alpha-GalCer suggested that Ly49 expression inversely correlates with the responsiveness of NKT cells to alpha-GalCer. Moreover, alpha-GalCer presented by normal dendritic cells stimulated purified Ly49(-), but not Ly49(+), splenic NKT cells, whereas MHC class I-deficient dendritic cells presented alpha-GalCer to both Ly49(+) and Ly49(-) NKT cells equally well. Therefore, MHC class I on APCs seems to inhibit activation of NKT cells expressing Ly49. To further characterize CD1d-restricted NKT cells, we generated an alpha-GalCer-responsive NKT cell line from thymocytes. The line could only be generated from Ly49(-)NK1.1(+)CD4(+) thymocytes but not from other NKT cell subsets, and it lost expression of NK1.1 and CD4 during culture. Together, these results indicate the functional significance of Ly49 expression on NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Abstract
A wide variety of inhibitory and stimulatory NK cell receptors are expressed by some CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice and humans. Recent data address the induction of these receptors on activated or memory CD8+ T cells and have led to hypotheses addressing their function in the CD8+ T cell response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Infections/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
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Affiliation(s)
- C W McMahon
- 489 Life Sciences Addition, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
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24
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Roger J, Chalifour A, Lemieux S, Duplay P. Cutting edge: Ly49A inhibits TCR/CD3-induced apoptosis and IL-2 secretion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:6-10. [PMID: 11418624 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the importance of Ly49A on TCR-induced cellular events, we established clones of the 1F2 T cell hybridoma expressing either Ly49A or a chimeric version, Ly49A/H, where the Ly49A cytoplasmic domain has been replaced by the Ly49H cytoplasmic domain. Ligation of Ly49A, but not Ly49A/H, with its ligand H-2D(d) or anti-Ly49A mAbs caused a specific inhibition of TCR/CD3-induced IL-2 secretion. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis of hypodiploid DNA and annexin V binding revealed that ligation of Ly49A protected cells from apoptosis induced by anti-CD3 mAbs or Ag. In contrast, ligation of the Ly49A/H chimeric receptor had no antiapoptotic effect. In addition, engagement of Ly49A selectively inhibited TCR-induced Fas ligand expression whereas TCR-induced Fas expression was not significantly affected. Expression of Ly49 inhibitory receptors on T cells may represent an important mechanism for the regulation of T cell survival in vivo by inhibiting TCR-induced apoptosis and IL-2 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Fahlén L, Lendahl U, Sentman CL. MHC Class I-Ly49 Interactions Shape the Ly49 Repertoire on Murine NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 166:6585-92. [PMID: 11359811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine how the interaction of Ly49 receptors with MHC class I molecules shapes the development of the Ly49 repertoire. We have examined the percentage of NK cells that expressed Ly49A, Ly49G2, and Ly49D in single and double Ly49A/C-transgenic mice on four different MHC backgrounds, H-2(b), H-2(d), H-2(b/d), and beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-). The results show that the total numbers of NK cells were not different among the strains. The prior expression of a Ly49 receptor capable of binding to self MHC class I altered the percentage of NK cells expressing endogenous Ly49A, Ly49G2, and Ly49D even in mice in which no MHC ligand was present for the latter receptors. The NK cells in the Ly49-transgenic mice expressed the same level of endogenous Ly49 receptors as wild-type mice of a similar MHC background. In contrast, the number of NK T cells was reduced in mice in which the Ly49 transgene could bind to a MHC class I molecule. The onset of Ly49 receptor expression on NK cells during ontogeny was not altered in the presence of transgenic Ly49 receptors. These data support a sequential model and argue against a selection model for Ly49 repertoire development on NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/genetics
- Animals, Newborn/growth & development
- Animals, Newborn/immunology
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transgenes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fahlén
- Umeå Center for Molecular Pathogenesis, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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