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Son B, Park S, Cho S, Kim JA, Baek SH, Yoo KH, Han D, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Improved Neural Inductivity of Size-Controlled 3D Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0011. [PMID: 38500782 PMCID: PMC10944702 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the efficiency of neural development from human embryonic stem cells, human embryoid body (hEB) generation is vital through 3-dimensional formation. However, conventional approaches still have limitations: long-term cultivation and laborious steps for lineage determination. Methods: In this study, we controlled the size of hEBs for ectodermal lineage specification using cell-penetrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which resulted in reduced time required for initial neural induction. The magnetized cells were applied to concentrated magnetic force for magnet-derived multicellular organization. The uniformly sized hEBs were differentiated in neural induction medium (NIM) and suspended condition. This neurally induced MNP-hEBs were compared with other groups. Results: As a result, the uniformly sized MNP-hEBs in NIM showed significantly improved neural inductivity through morphological analysis and expression of neural markers. Signaling pathways of the accelerated neural induction were detected via expression of representative proteins; Wnt signaling, dopaminergic neuronal pathway, intercellular communications, and mechanotransduction. Consequently, we could shorten the time necessary for early neurogenesis, thereby enhancing the neural induction efficiency. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests not only the importance of size regulation of hEBs at initial differentiation stage but also the efficacy of MNP-based neural induction method and stimulations for enhanced neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Dongoh Han
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tufan Y, Öztatlı H, Doganay D, Buyuksungur A, Cicek MO, Döş İT, Berberoğlu Ç, Unalan HE, Garipcan B, Ercan B. Multifunctional Silk Fibroin/Carbon Nanofiber Scaffolds for In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Energy Harvesting from Simulated Cardiac Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42271-42283. [PMID: 37643896 PMCID: PMC10510024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, cardiomyogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is combined with energy harvesting from simulated cardiac motion in vitro. To achieve this, silk fibroin (SF)-based porous scaffolds are designed to mimic the mechanical and physical properties of cardiac tissue and used as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) electrodes. The load-carrying mechanism, β-sheet content, degradation characteristics, and iPSC interactions of the scaffolds are observed to be interrelated and regulated by their pore architecture. The SF scaffolds with a pore size of 379 ± 34 μm, a porosity of 79 ± 1%, and a pore interconnectivity of 67 ± 1% upregulated the expression of cardiac-specific gene markers TNNT2 and NKX2.5 from iPSCs. Incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) enhances the elastic modulus of the scaffolds to 45 ± 3 kPa and results in an electrical conductivity of 0.021 ± 0.006 S/cm. The SF and SF/CNF scaffolds are used as conjugate TENG electrodes and generate a maximum power output of 0.37 × 10-3 mW/m2, with an open-circuit voltage and a short circuit current of 0.46 V and 4.5 nA, respectively, under simulated cardiac motion. A novel approach is demonstrated for fabricating scaffold-based cardiac patches that can serve as tissue scaffolds and simultaneously allow energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğithan Tufan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Öztatlı
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Doga Doganay
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Buyuksungur
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih Ogeday Cicek
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Tuğçe Döş
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağla Berberoğlu
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, 34684 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Biomedical
Engineering Program, Middle East Technical
University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN,
Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Cardoso BD, Castanheira EMS, Lanceros-Méndez S, Cardoso VF. Recent Advances on Cell Culture Platforms for In Vitro Drug Screening and Cell Therapies: From Conventional to Microfluidic Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202936. [PMID: 36898671 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translations of drugs and nanomedicines depend on coherent pharmaceutical research based on biologically accurate screening approaches. Since establishing the 2D in vitro cell culture method, the scientific community has improved cell-based drug screening assays and models. Those advances result in more informative biochemical assays and the development of 3D multicellular models to describe the biological complexity better and enhance the simulation of the in vivo microenvironment. Despite the overall dominance of conventional 2D and 3D cell macroscopic culture methods, they present physicochemical and operational challenges that impair the scale-up of drug screening by not allowing a high parallelization, multidrug combination, and high-throughput screening. Their combination and complementarity with microfluidic platforms enable the development of microfluidics-based cell culture platforms with unequivocal advantages in drug screening and cell therapies. Thus, this review presents an updated and consolidated view of cell culture miniaturization's physical, chemical, and operational considerations in the pharmaceutical research scenario. It clarifies advances in the field using gradient-based microfluidics, droplet-based microfluidics, printed-based microfluidics, digital-based microfluidics, SlipChip, and paper-based microfluidics. Finally, it presents a comparative analysis of the performance of cell-based methods in life research and development to achieve increased precision in the drug screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz D Cardoso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Vanessa F Cardoso
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Nattasit P, Niibe K, Yamada M, Ohori-Morita Y, Limraksasin P, Tiskratok W, Yamamoto M, Egusa H. Stiffness-Tunable Hydrogel-Sandwich Culture Modulates the YAP-Mediated Mechanoresponse in Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell Embryoid Bodies and Augments Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2023:e2300021. [PMID: 36871184 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors, including substrate stiffness, regulate stem cell behavior and differentiation. However, the effects of substrate stiffness on the behavior of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)- derived embryoid bodies (EB) remain unclear. To investigate the effects of mechanical cues on iPSC-EB differentiation, a 3D hydrogel-sandwich culture (HGSC) system is developed that controls the microenvironment surrounding iPSC-EBs using a stiffness-tunable polyacrylamide hydrogel assembly. Mouse iPSC-EBs are seeded between upper and lower polyacrylamide hydrogels of differing stiffness (Young's modulus [E'] = 54.3 ± 7.1 kPa [hard], 28.1 ± 2.3 kPa [moderate], and 5.1 ± 0.1 kPa [soft]) and cultured for 2 days. HGSC induces stiffness-dependent activation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) mechanotransducer and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in the iPSC-EBs. Moreover, moderate-stiffness HGSC specifically upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of ectoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation markers in iPSC-EBs via YAP-mediated mechanotransduction. Pretreatment of mouse iPSC-EBs with moderate-stiffness HGSC promotes cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and structural maturation of myofibrils. The proposed HGSC system provides a viable platform for investigating the role of mechanical cues on the pluripotency and differentiation of iPSCs that can be beneficial for research into tissue regeneration and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praphawi Nattasit
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Watcharaphol Tiskratok
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Material Processing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Articular Cartilage Regeneration and Disease Modelling: Are We Ready for Their Clinical Use? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030529. [PMID: 35159338 PMCID: PMC8834349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells has brought unlimited possibilities to the field of regenerative medicine. This could be ideal for treating osteoarthritis and other skeletal diseases, because the current procedures tend to be short-term solutions. The usage of induced pluripotent stem cells in the cell-based regeneration of cartilage damages could replace or improve on the current techniques. The patient’s specific non-invasive collection of tissue for reprogramming purposes could also create a platform for drug screening and disease modelling for an overview of distinct skeletal abnormalities. In this review, we seek to summarise the latest achievements in the chondrogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative purposes and disease modelling.
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6
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Arkenberg MR, Dimmitt NH, Johnson HC, Koehler KR, Lin CC. Dynamic Click Hydrogels for Xeno-Free Culture of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000129. [PMID: 32924337 PMCID: PMC7704730 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Xeno-free, chemically defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels are being increasingly used for in vitro culture and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). These synthetic matrices provide tunable gelation and adaptable material properties crucial for guiding stem cell fate. Here, sequential norbornene-click chemistries are integrated to form synthetic, dynamically tunable PEG-peptide hydrogels for hiPSCs culture and differentiation. Specifically, hiPSCs are photoencapsulated in thiol-norbornene hydrogels crosslinked by multiarm PEG-norbornene (PEG-NB) and proteaselabile crosslinkers. These matrices are used to evaluate hiPSC growth under the influence of extracellular matrix properties. Tetrazine-norbornene (Tz-NB) click reaction is then employed to dynamically stiffen the cell-laden hydrogels. Fast reactive Tz and its stable derivative methyltetrazine (mTz) are tethered to multiarm PEG, yielding mono-functionalized PEG-Tz, PEG-mTz, and dualfunctionalized PEG-Tz/mTz that react with PEG-NB to form additional crosslinks in the cell-laden hydrogels. The versatility of Tz-NB stiffening is demonstrated with different Tz-modified macromers or by intermittent incubation of PEG-Tz for temporal stiffening. Finally, the Tz-NB-mediated dynamic stiffening is explored for 4D culture and definitive endoderm differentiation of hiPSCs. Overall, this dynamic hydrogel platform affords exquisite controls of hydrogel crosslinking for serving as a xeno-free and dynamic stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nathan H Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hunter C Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Plastic and Oral Surgery, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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7
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Manzoor AA, Romita L, Hwang DK. A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Manzoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren Romita
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dae Kun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology (iBEST) A partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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8
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Zeevaert K, Elsafi Mabrouk MH, Wagner W, Goetzke R. Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies. Cells 2020; 9:E2270. [PMID: 33050550 PMCID: PMC7599659 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell-cell interactions and lumen formation-a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization-e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeevaert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Elsafi Mabrouk
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Dong Y, Cui M, Qu J, Wang X, Kwon SH, Barrera J, Elvassore N, Gurtner GC. Conformable hyaluronic acid hydrogel delivers adipose-derived stem cells and promotes regeneration of burn injury. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:56-66. [PMID: 32251786 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the skin from severe burns can cause debilitating physical and psychosocial distress to the patients. Upon healing, deep dermal burns often result in devastating hypertrophic scar formation. For many decades, stem cell-based therapies have shown significant potential in improving wound healing. However, current cell delivery methods are often insufficient to maintain cell viability in a harmful burn wound environment to promote skin regeneration. In this study, we developed an enhanced approach to deliver adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for the treatment of burn wounds, using an in-situ-formed hydrogel system comprised of a hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (HB-PEGDA) polymer, a commercially available thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and a short RGD peptide. Stable hydrogels with tunable swelling and mechanical properties form within five minutes under physiological conditions via the Michael-type addition reaction. Combining with RGD peptide, as a cell adhesion motif, significantly alters the cellular morphology, enhances cell proliferation, and increases the paracrine activity of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling growth factors and cytokines. Bioluminescence imaging of luciferase+ ASCs indicated that the hydrogel protected the implanted cells from the harmful wound environment in burns. Hydrogel-ASC treatment significantly enhanced neovascularization, accelerated wound closure and reduced the scar formation. Our findings suggest that PEG-HA-RGD-based hydrogel provides an effective niche capable of augmenting the regenerative potential of ASCs and promoting burn wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Burn injury is one of the most devastating injures, and patients suffer from many complications and post-burn scar formation despite modern therapies. Here, we designed a conformable hydrogel-based stem cell delivery platform that allows rapid in-situ gelation upon contact with wounds. Adipose-derived stem cells were encapsulated into a PEG-HA-RGD hydrogels. Introducing of RGD motif significantly improved the cellular morphology, proliferation, and secretion of angiogenesis and remodeling cytokines. A deep second-degree burn murine model was utilized to evaluate in-vivo cell retention and therapeutic effect of the hydrogel-ASC-based therapy on burn wound healing. Our hydrogel remarkably improved ASCs viability in burn wounds and the hydrogel-ASC treatment enhanced the neovascularization, promoted wound closure, and reduced scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Meihua Cui
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Qu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Janos Barrera
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Ha DH, Thi PM, Chaudhary P, Jeong JH. Efficient Formation of Three Dimensional Spheroids of Primary Hepatocytes Using Micropatterned Multi-Well Plates. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Azarmanesh M, Bawazeer S, Mohamad AA, Sanati-Nezhad A. Rapid and Highly Controlled Generation of Monodisperse Multiple Emulsions via a One-Step Hybrid Microfluidic Device. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12694. [PMID: 31481702 PMCID: PMC6722102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Emulsions (MEs) contain a drop laden with many micro-droplets. A single-step microfluidic-based synthesis process of MEs is presented to provide a rapid and controlled generation of monodisperse MEs. The design relies on the interaction of three immiscible fluids with each other in subsequent droplet formation steps to generate monodisperse ME constructs. The design is within a microchannel consists of two compartments of cross-junction and T-junction. The high shear stress at the cross-junction creates a stagnation point that splits the first immiscible phase to four jet streams each of which are sprayed to micrometer droplets surrounded by the second phase. The resulted structure is then supported by the third phase at the T-junction to generate and transport MEs. The ME formation within microfluidics is numerically simulated and the effects of several key parameters on properties of MEs are investigated. The dimensionless modeling of ME formation enables to change only one parameter at the time and analyze the sensitivity of the system to each parameter. The results demonstrate the capability of highly controlled and high-throughput MEs formation in a one-step synthesis process. The consecutive MEs are monodisperse in size which open avenues for the generation of controlled MEs for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Azarmanesh
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Saleh Bawazeer
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abdulmajeed A Mohamad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Kingsley DM, Roberge CL, Rudkouskaya A, Faulkner DE, Barroso M, Intes X, Corr DT. Laser-based 3D bioprinting for spatial and size control of tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:357-370. [PMID: 30776506 PMCID: PMC7171976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
3D multicellular aggregates, and more advanced organotypic systems, have become central tools in recent years to study a wide variety of complex biological processes. Most notably, these model systems have become mainstream within oncology (multicellular tumor spheroids) and regenerative medicine (embryoid bodies) research. However, the biological behavior of these in vitro tissue surrogates is extremely sensitive to their aggregate size and geometry. Indeed, both of these geometrical parameters are key in producing pathophysiological gradients responsible for cellular and structural heterogeneity, replicating in vivo observations. Moreover, the fabrication techniques most widely used for producing these models lack the ability to accurately control cellular spatial location, an essential component for regulating homotypic and heterotypic cell signaling. Herein, we report on a 3D bioprinting technique, laser direct-write (LDW), that enables precise control of both spatial patterning and size of cell-encapsulating microbeads. The generated cell-laden beads are further processed into core-shelled structures, allowing for the growth and formation of self-contained, self-aggregating cells (e.g., breast cancer cells, embryonic stem cells). Within these structures we demonstrate our ability to produce multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) with well-controlled overall size and shape, that can be designed on demand. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of aggregate size on the uptake of a commonly employed ligand for receptor-mediated drug delivery, Transferrin, indicating that larger tumor spheroids exhibit greater spatial heterogeneity in ligand uptake. Taken together, these findings establish LDW as a versatile biomanufacturing platform for bioprinting and patterning core-shelled structures to generate size-controlled 3D multicellular aggregates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multicellular 3D aggregates are powerful in vitro models used to study a wide variety of complex biological processes, particularly within oncology and regenerative medicine. These tissue surrogates are fabricated using environments that encourage cellular self-assembly. However, specific applications require control of aggregate size and position to recapitulate key in vivo parameters (e.g., pathophysiological gradients and homotypic/heterotypic cell signaling). Herein, we demonstrate the ability to create and spatially pattern size-controlled embryoid bodies and tumor spheroids, using laser-based 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of tumor spheroid size on internalization of Transferrin, a common ligand for targeted therapy, finding greater spatial heterogeneity in our large aggregates. Overall, this technique offers incredible promise and flexibility for fabricating idealized 3D in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Roberge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Denzel E Faulkner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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In vitro aged, hiPSC-origin engineered heart tissue models with age-dependent functional deterioration to study myocardial infarction. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:372-391. [PMID: 31146032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease increased by 41.7% from 1990 to 2013. This is primarily due to an increase in the aged population, however, research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been overlooking aging, a well-documented contributor to CVD. The use of young animals is heavily preferred due to lower costs and ready availability, despite the prominent differences between young and aged heart structure and function. Here we present the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (iCM)-based, in vitro aged myocardial tissue model as an alternative research platform. Within 4 months, iCMs go through accelerated senescence and show cellular characteristics of aging. Furthermore, the model tissues fabricated using aged iCMs, with stiffness resembling that of aged human heart, show functional and pharmacological deterioration specific to aged myocardium. Our novel tissue model with age-appropriate physiology and pathology presents a promising new platform for investigating CVD or other age-related diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In vitro and in vivo models of cardiovascular disease are aimed to provide crucial insight on the pathology and treatment of these diseases. However, the contribution of age-dependent cardiovascular changes is greatly underestimated through the use of young animals and premature cardiomyocytes. Here, we developed in vitro aged cardiac tissue models that mimic the aged heart tissue microenvironment and cellular phenotype and present the first evidence that age-appropriate in vitro disease models can be developed to gain more physiologically-relevant insight on development, progression, and amelioration of cardiovascular diseases.
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Benavente-Babace A, Haase K, Stewart DJ, Godin M. Strategies for controlling egress of therapeutic cells from hydrogel microcapsules. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:612-624. [PMID: 30771272 DOI: 10.1002/term.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown great regenerative potential to repair damaged tissue; however, their injection in vivo results in low retention and poor cell survival. Early clinical research has focussed on cell encapsulation to improve viability and integration of delivered cells. However, this strategy has been limited by the inability to reproduce large volumes of standardized microcapsules and the lack of information on cell-specific egress and timed release from hydrogel microcapsules. Here, we address both of these limitations. First, we use a droplet microfluidic platform to generate monodisperse agarose microcapsules, and second we encapsulate and characterize egress of therapeutically relevant cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hMSCs). With increased temporal resolution, we demonstrate distinct differences in egress between cell types. Importantly, therapeutic cells (hMSCs) egress quickly, in <6 hr following encapsulation. Further, we examined potential escape mechanisms and showed that proliferation can be exploited by cells for microcapsule translocation. We also systematically characterized the egress of fibroblasts (as model cells) following alterations to the microcapsules. Specifically, we show that microcapsule size and hydrogel density impact cell egress efficiency. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for characterization of cell-specific egress and tuning of the cocoon microenvironment prior to delivery, for timely release and successful engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Godin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Hall ML, Ogle BM. Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Modification as a Therapeutic Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1098:131-150. [PMID: 30238369 PMCID: PMC6584040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) is comprised of proteins and polysaccharides secreted by cardiac cell types, which provide structural and biochemical support to cardiovascular tissue. The roles of cECM proteins and the associated family of cell surface receptor, integrins, have been explored in vivo via the generation of knockout experimental animal models. However, the complexity of tissues makes it difficult to isolate the effects of individual cECM proteins on a particular cell process or disease state. The desire to further dissect the role of cECM has led to the development of a variety of in vitro model systems, which are now being used not only for basic studies but also for testing drug efficacy and toxicity and for generating therapeutic scaffolds. These systems began with 2D coatings of cECM derived from tissue and have developed to include recombinant ECM proteins, ECM fragments, and ECM mimics. Most recently 3D model systems have emerged, made possible by several developing technologies including, and most notably, 3D bioprinting. This chapter will attempt to track the evolution of our understanding of the relationship between cECM and cell behavior from in vivo model to in vitro control systems. We end the chapter with a summary of how basic studies such as these have informed the use of cECM as a direct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla L Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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16
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Wang B, Tu X, Wei J, Wang L, Chen Y. Substrate elasticity dependent colony formation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Ovadia EM, Colby DW, Kloxin AM. Designing well-defined photopolymerized synthetic matrices for three-dimensional culture and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1358-1370. [PMID: 29675520 PMCID: PMC6126667 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are of interest for the study of disease, where these cells can be derived from patients and have the potential to be differentiated into any cell type; however, three-dimensional (3D) culture and differentiation of iPSCs within well-defined synthetic matrices for these applications remains limited. Here, we aimed to establish synthetic cell-degradable hydrogels that allow precise presentation of specific biochemical cues for 3D culture of iPSCs with relevance for hypothesis testing and lineage-specific differentiation. We synthesized poly(ethylene glycol)-(PEG)-peptide-based hydrogels by photoinitiated step growth polymerization and used them to test the hypothesis that the viability of iPSCs within these matrices could be rescued with appropriate biochemical cues inspired by proteins and integrins important for iPSC culture on Matrigel. Specifically, we selected a range of motifs inspired by iPSC binding to Matrigel, including laminin-derived IKVAV and YIGSR, α5β1-binding PHSRNG10RGDS, αvβ5-binding KKQRFRHRNRKG, and RGDS that is known to bind a variety of integrins for generally promoting cell adhesion. YIGSR and PHSRNG10RGDS resulted in the highest iPSC viability, where binding of β1 integrin was key, and these permissive compositions also allowed iPSC differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) (decreased oct4 expression and increased pax6 expression) in response to soluble factors. The resulting NPCs formed clusters of different sizes in response to each peptide, suggesting that matrix biochemical cues affect iPSC proliferation and clustering in 3D culture. In summary, we have established photopolymerizable synthetic matrices for the encapsulation, culture, and differentiation of iPSCs for studies of cell-matrix interactions and deployment in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Ovadia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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18
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Efficient scalable production of therapeutic microvesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1171. [PMID: 29352188 PMCID: PMC5775399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) released by cells are involved in a multitude of physiological events as important mediators of intercellular communication. MVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contain various paracrine factors from the cells that primarily contribute to their therapeutic efficacy observed in numerous clinical trials. As nano-sized and bi-lipid layered vesicles retaining therapeutic potency equivalent to that of MSCs, MSC-derived MVs have been in focus as ideal medicinal candidates for regenerative medicine, and are preferred over MSC infusion therapy with their improved safety profiles. However, technical challenges in obtaining sufficient amounts of MVs have limited further progress in studies and clinical application. Of the multiple efforts to reinforce the therapeutic capacity of MSCs, few studies have reportedly examined the scale-up of MSC-derived MV production. In this study, we successfully amplified MV secretion from MSCs compared to the conventional culture method using a simple and efficient 3D-bioprocessing method. The MSC-derived MVs produced in our dynamic 3D-culture contained numerous therapeutic factors such as cytokines and micro-RNAs, and showed their therapeutic potency in in vitro efficacy evaluation. Our results may facilitate diverse applications of MSC-derived MVs from the bench to the bedside, which requires the large-scale production of MVs.
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19
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Laurent J, Blin G, Chatelain F, Vanneaux V, Fuchs A, Larghero J, Théry M. Convergence of microengineering and cellular self-organization towards functional tissue manufacturing. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:939-956. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Jang LK, Kim S, Seo J, Young Lee J. Facile and controllable electrochemical fabrication of cell-adhesive polypyrrole electrodes using pyrrole-RGD peptides. Biofabrication 2017; 9:045007. [PMID: 29019465 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa92a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrically conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy), have been widely used for the fabrication of various biosensors and tissue engineering scaffolds. For their biologically relevant applications, conductive biomaterials capable of intimate cellular interactions are highly desired. However, conventional methods to incorporate biomolecules into conductive polymers do not offer fine and easy control over the surface density of the biomolecules and/or their stability. We present a novel method to electrochemically immobilize cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligands on PPy electrode surfaces with a simple control over the peptide surface density by varying the electrodeposition time. Synthesized pyrrole-GGGRGDS conjugates were electrochemically incorporated onto the surfaces of PPy-coated electrodes. The electrochemical impedances of the RGD-grafted PPy electrodes were not significantly different from the unmodified PPy films. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the RGD motif on the surface of the modified electrodes. In vitro studies with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) showed higher adhesion and faster proliferation of hMSCs on the PPy with a higher RGD density. This facile electrochemical modification of electrode surfaces allowed for a good control over the peptide surface density and cellular interactions and will benefit the fabrication of cell-interactive scaffolds or bio-electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy K Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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22
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Cha JM, Park H, Shin EK, Sung JH, Kim O, Jung W, Bang OY, Kim J. A novel cylindrical microwell featuring inverted-pyramidal opening for efficient cell spheroid formation without cell loss. Biofabrication 2017; 9:035006. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Abstract
The physiological relevance of Matrigel as a cell-culture substrate and in angiogenesis assays is often called into question. Here, we describe an array-based method for the identification of synthetic hydrogels that promote the formation of robust in vitro vascular networks for the detection of putative vascular disruptors, and that support human embryonic stem cell expansion and pluripotency. We identified hydrogel substrates that promoted endothelial-network formation by primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and used the hydrogels with endothelial networks to identify angiogenesis inhibitors. The synthetic hydrogels show superior sensitivity and reproducibility over Matrigel when evaluating known inhibitors, as well as in a blinded screen of a subset of 38 chemicals, selected according to predicted vascular disruption potential, from the Toxicity ForeCaster library of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The identified synthetic hydrogels should be suitable alternatives to Matrigel for common cell-culture applications.
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24
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Acun A, Vural DC, Zorlutuna P. A Tissue Engineered Model of Aging: Interdependence and Cooperative Effects in Failing Tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5051. [PMID: 28698549 PMCID: PMC5506028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging remains a fundamental open problem in modern biology. Although there exist a number of theories on aging on the cellular scale, nearly nothing is known about how microscopic failures cascade to macroscopic failures of tissues, organs and ultimately the organism. The goal of this work is to bridge microscopic cell failure to macroscopic manifestations of aging. We use tissue engineered constructs to control the cellular-level damage and cell-cell distance in individual tissues to establish the role of complex interdependence and interactions between cells in aging tissues. We found that while microscopic mechanisms drive aging, the interdependency between cells plays a major role in tissue death, providing evidence on how cellular aging is connected to its higher systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acun
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - D C Vural
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - P Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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25
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Li J, Li X, Zhang J, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Induction of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Biomimetic Gold Nanoparticles with Tunable RGD Density. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28489328 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have drawn a broad attention for their applications in biomedical fields. Ligand-modified nanomaterials can well mimic the dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments to regulate cell functions and fates. Herein, ECM mimetic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with tunable surface arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) density are designed and synthesized to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The biomimetic Au NPs with an average size of 40 nm shows good biocompatibility without affecting the cell proliferation in the studied concentration range. The RGD motifs on Au NPs surface facilitate cellular uptake of NPs into monolayer hMSCs through integrin-mediated endocytosis. The biomimetic NPs have a promotive effect on cartilaginous matrix production and marker gene expression in cell pellet culture, especially for the biomimetic Au NPs with high surface RGD density. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating biomimetic NPs to regulate cell differentiation, which holds great potentials in tissue engineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Li
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
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Casey J, Yue X, Nguyen TD, Acun A, Zellmer VR, Zhang S, Zorlutuna P. 3D hydrogel-based microwell arrays as a tumor microenvironment model to study breast cancer growth. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:025009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5d5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Macklin BL, Gerecht S. Bridging the gap: induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells for 3D vascular assembly. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Deddens JC, Sadeghi AH, Hjortnaes J, van Laake LW, Buijsrogge M, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Sluijter JPG. Modeling the Human Scarred Heart In Vitro: Toward New Tissue Engineered Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27906521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is critical for effective tissue healing, however, excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix components contribute to scarring and failing of the heart. Despite the fact that novel therapies have emerged, there are still no lifelong solutions for this problem. An urgent need exists to improve the understanding of adverse cardiac remodeling in order to develop new therapeutic interventions that will prevent, reverse, or regenerate the fibrotic changes in the failing heart. With recent advances in both disease biology and cardiac tissue engineering, the translation of fundamental laboratory research toward the treatment of chronic heart failure patients becomes a more realistic option. Here, the current understanding of cardiac fibrosis and the great potential of tissue engineering are presented. Approaches using hydrogel-based tissue engineered heart constructs are discussed to contemplate key challenges for modeling tissue engineered cardiac fibrosis and to provide a future outlook for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C. Deddens
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amir Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc Buijsrogge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21569 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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29
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Jiang W, Li M, Chen Z, Leong KW. Cell-laden microfluidic microgels for tissue regeneration. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4482-4506. [PMID: 27797383 PMCID: PMC5110393 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of diseased tissue is one of the foremost concerns for millions of patients who suffer from tissue damage each year. Local delivery of cell-laden hydrogels offers an attractive approach for tissue repair. However, due to the typical macroscopic size of these cell constructs, the encapsulated cells often suffer from poor nutrient exchange. These issues can be mitigated by incorporating cells into microscopic hydrogels, or microgels, whose large surface-to-volume ratio promotes efficient mass transport and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. Using microfluidic technology, monodisperse cell-laden microgels with tunable sizes can be generated in a high-throughput manner, making them useful building blocks that can be assembled into tissue constructs with spatially controlled physicochemical properties. In this review, we examine microfluidics-generated cell-laden microgels for tissue regeneration applications. We provide a brief overview of the common biomaterials, gelation mechanisms, and microfluidic device designs that are used to generate these microgels, and summarize the most recent works on how they are applied to tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future applications of microfluidic cell-laden microgels as well as existing challenges that should be resolved to stimulate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Jia W, Gungor-Ozkerim PS, Zhang YS, Yue K, Zhu K, Liu W, Pi Q, Byambaa B, Dokmeci MR, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A. Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink. Biomaterials 2016; 106:58-68. [PMID: 27552316 PMCID: PMC5300870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant technological advancement in tissue engineering, challenges still exist towards the development of complex and fully functional tissue constructs that mimic their natural counterparts. To address these challenges, bioprinting has emerged as an enabling technology to create highly organized three-dimensional (3D) vascular networks within engineered tissue constructs to promote the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, which can hardly be realized using conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, we report the development of a versatile 3D bioprinting strategy that employs biomimetic biomaterials and an advanced extrusion system to deposit perfusable vascular structures with highly ordered arrangements in a single-step process. In particular, a specially designed cell-responsive bioink consisting of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), sodium alginate, and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-tetra-acrylate (PEGTA) was used in combination with a multilayered coaxial extrusion system to achieve direct 3D bioprinting. This blend bioink could be first ionically crosslinked by calcium ions followed by covalent photocrosslinking of GelMA and PEGTA to form stable constructs. The rheological properties of the bioink and the mechanical strengths of the resulting constructs were tuned by the introduction of PEGTA, which facilitated the precise deposition of complex multilayered 3D perfusable hollow tubes. This blend bioink also displayed favorable biological characteristics that supported the spreading and proliferation of encapsulated endothelial and stem cells in the bioprinted constructs, leading to the formation of biologically relevant, highly organized, perfusable vessels. These characteristics make this novel 3D bioprinting technique superior to conventional microfabrication or sacrificial templating approaches for fabrication of the perfusable vasculature. We envision that our advanced bioprinting technology and bioink formulation may also have significant potentials in engineering large-scale vascularized tissue constructs towards applications in organ transplantation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - P Selcan Gungor-Ozkerim
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wanjun Liu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Qingment Pi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Hilderbrand AM, Ovadia EM, Rehmann MS, Kharkar PM, Guo C, Kloxin AM. Biomaterials for 4D stem cell culture. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 20:212-224. [PMID: 28717344 PMCID: PMC5510611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells reside in complex three-dimensional (3D) environments within the body that change with time, promoting various cellular functions and processes such as migration and differentiation. These complex changes in the surrounding environment dictate cell fate yet, until recently, have been challenging to mimic within cell culture systems. Hydrogel-based biomaterials are well suited to mimic aspects of these in vivo environments, owing to their high water content, soft tissue-like elasticity, and often-tunable biochemical content. Further, hydrogels can be engineered to achieve changes in matrix properties over time to better mimic dynamic native microenvironments for probing and directing stem cell function and fate. This review will focus on techniques to form hydrogel-based biomaterials and modify their properties in time during cell culture using select addition reactions, cleavage reactions, or non-covalent interactions. Recent applications of these techniques for the culture of stem cells in four dimensions (i.e., in three dimensions with changes over time) also will be discussed for studying essential stem cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hilderbrand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Elisa M. Ovadia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
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Li CW, Pan WT, Ju JC, Wang GJ. An endothelial cultured condition medium embedded porous PLGA scaffold for the enhancement of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:025015. [PMID: 27068738 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a microporous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold that combines a continuous release property and a three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding technique for the precise and efficient formation of endothelial cell lineage from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Eight PLGA scaffolds (14.29%, 16.67%, 20% and 25% concentrations of PLGA solutions) mixed with two crystal sizes of sodium chloride (NaCl) were fabricated by leaching. Then, vascular endothelial cell conditioned medium (ECCM) mixed with gelatin was embedded into the scaffold for culturing of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The 14.29% PLGA scaffolds fabricated using non-ground NaCl particles (NG-PLGA) and the 25% PLGA containing scaffolds fabricated using ground NaCl particles (G-PLGA) possessed minimum and maximum moisture content and bovine serum albumin (BSA) content properties, respectively. These two groups of scaffolds were used for future experiments in this study. Cell culture results demonstrated that the proposed porous scaffolds without growth factors were sufficient to induce mouse ESCs to differentiate into endothelial-like cells in the early culture stages, and combined with embedded ECCM could provide a long-term inducing system for ESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Li
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Siltanen C, Yaghoobi M, Haque A, You J, Lowen J, Soleimani M, Revzin A. Microfluidic fabrication of bioactive microgels for rapid formation and enhanced differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:125-132. [PMID: 26774761 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in tissue engineering is to develop robust protocols for differentiating ES and iPS cells to functional adult tissues at a clinically relevant scale. The goal of this study is to develop a high throughput platform for generating bioactive, stem cell-laden microgels to direct differentiation in a well-defined microenvironment. We describe a droplet microfluidics system for fabricating microgels composed of polyethylene glycol and heparin, with tunable geometric, mechanical, and chemical properties, at kHz rates. Heparin-containing hydrogel particles sequestered growth factors Nodal and FGF-2, which are implicated in specifying pluripotent cells to definitive endoderm. Mouse ESCs were encapsulated into heparin microgels with a single dose of Nodal and FGF-2, and expressed high levels of endoderm markers Sox17 and FoxA2 after 5 days. These results highlight the use of microencapsulation for tailoring the stem cell microenvironment to promote directed differentiation, and may provide a straightforward path to large scale bioprocessing in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Multicellular spheroids and microtissues are valuable for tissue engineering, but fabrication approaches typically sacrifice either precision or throughput. Microfluidic encapsulation in polymeric biomaterials is a promising technique for rapidly generating cell aggregates with excellent control of microenvironmental parameters. Here we describe the microfluidic fabrication of bioactive, heparin-based microgels, and demonstrate the adsorption of heparin-binding growth factors for enhancing directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward endoderm. This approach also facilitated a ∼90-fold decrease in consumption of exogenous growth factors compared to conventional differentiation protocols.
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35
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Bae JH, Lee JM, Chung BG. Hydrogel-encapsulated 3D microwell array for neuronal differentiation. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:015019. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Gerges I, Tamplenizza M, Rossi E, Tocchio A, Martello F, Recordati C, Kumar D, Forsyth NR, Liu Y, Lenardi C. A Tailor-Made Synthetic Polymer for Cell Encapsulation: Design Rationale, Synthesis, Chemical-Physics and Biological Characterizations. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:870-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Gerges
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l'Innovazione; Viale Ortles 22/4 20139 Milan Italy
- Tensive s.r.l.; Via Timavo 34 20124 Milan Italy
| | - Margherita Tamplenizza
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l'Innovazione; Viale Ortles 22/4 20139 Milan Italy
- Tensive s.r.l.; Via Timavo 34 20124 Milan Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- SEMM; European School of Molecular Medicine; Campus IFOM-IEO, Via Adamello 16 20139 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Tocchio
- SEMM; European School of Molecular Medicine; Campus IFOM-IEO, Via Adamello 16 20139 Milano Italy
| | - Federico Martello
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l'Innovazione; Viale Ortles 22/4 20139 Milan Italy
- Tensive s.r.l.; Via Timavo 34 20124 Milan Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l'Innovazione; Viale Ortles 22/4 20139 Milan Italy
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Materials Science Centre; University of Manchester; Grosvenor Street Manchester M17HS Greater Manchester UK
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre; Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine; University of Keele; Thornburrow Drive Stoke-on-Trent ST47QB Staffordshire UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Loughborough University; Ashby Rd Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Fondazione Filarete per le Bioscienze e l'Innovazione; Viale Ortles 22/4 20139 Milan Italy
- CIMAINA; Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano Italy
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37
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Jung JP, Hu D, Domian IJ, Ogle BM. An integrated statistical model for enhanced murine cardiomyocyte differentiation via optimized engagement of 3D extracellular matrices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18705. [PMID: 26687770 PMCID: PMC4685314 DOI: 10.1038/srep18705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts stem cell differentiation, but identifying formulations supportive of differentiation is challenging in 3D models. Prior efforts involving combinatorial ECM arrays seemed intuitively advantageous. We propose an alternative that suggests reducing sample size and technological burden can be beneficial and accessible when coupled to design of experiments approaches. We predict optimized ECM formulations could augment differentiation of cardiomyocytes derived in vitro. We employed native chemical ligation to polymerize 3D poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogels under mild conditions while entrapping various combinations of ECM and murine induced pluripotent stem cells. Systematic optimization for cardiomyocyte differentiation yielded a predicted solution of 61%, 24%, and 15% of collagen type I, laminin-111, and fibronectin, respectively. This solution was confirmed by increased numbers of cardiac troponin T, α-myosin heavy chain and α-sarcomeric actinin-expressing cells relative to suboptimum solutions. Cardiomyocytes of composites exhibited connexin43 expression, appropriate contractile kinetics and intracellular calcium handling. Further, adding a modulator of adhesion, thrombospondin-1, abrogated cardiomyocyte differentiation. Thus, the integrated biomaterial platform statistically identified an ECM formulation best supportive of cardiomyocyte differentiation. In future, this formulation could be coupled with biochemical stimulation to improve functional maturation of cardiomyocytes derived in vitro or transplanted in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwook P Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Dongjian Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital &Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 U.S.A
| | - Ibrahim J Domian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital &Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 U.S.A
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
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38
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Tomov ML, Olmsted ZT, Paluh JL. The Human Embryoid Body Cystic Core Exhibits Architectural Complexity Revealed by use of High Throughput Polymer Microarrays. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:892-900. [PMID: 25810210 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In pluripotent stem cell differentiation, embryoid bodies (EBs) provide a three-dimensional [3D] multicellular precursor in lineage specification. The internal structure of EBs is not well characterized yet is predicted to be an important parameter to differentiation. Here, we use custom SU-8 molds to generate transparent lithography-templated arrays of polydimethylsiloxane (LTA-PDMS) for high throughput analysis of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) EB formation and internal architecture. EBs formed in 200 and 500 μm diameter microarray wells by use of single cells, 2D clusters, or 3D early aggregates were compared. We observe that 200 μm EBs are monocystic versus 500 μm multicystic EBs that contain macro, meso and microsized cysts. In adherent differentiation of 500 μm EBs, the multicystic character impairs the 3D to 2D transition creating non-uniform monolayers. Our findings reveal that EB core structure has a size-dependent character that influences its architecture and cell population uniformity during early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Tomov
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA
| | - Zachary T Olmsted
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA
| | - Janet L Paluh
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanobioscience, Nanofab East, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York, 12203, USA. ,
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39
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Zhang X, Xu B, Puperi DS, Yonezawa AL, Wu Y, Tseng H, Cuchiara ML, West JL, Grande-Allen KJ. Integrating valve-inspired design features into poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:11-21. [PMID: 25433168 PMCID: PMC4334908 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of advanced scaffolds that recapitulate the anisotropic mechanical behavior and biological functions of the extracellular matrix in leaflets would be transformative for heart valve tissue engineering. In this study, anisotropic mechanical properties were established in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels by crosslinking stripes of 3.4 kDa PEG diacrylate (PEGDA) within 20 kDa PEGDA base hydrogels using a photolithographic patterning method. Varying the stripe width and spacing resulted in a tensile elastic modulus parallel to the stripes that was 4.1-6.8 times greater than that in the perpendicular direction, comparable to the degree of anisotropy between the circumferential and radial orientations in native valve leaflets. Biomimetic PEG-peptide hydrogels were prepared by tethering the cell-adhesive peptide RGDS and incorporating the collagenase-degradable peptide PQ (GGGPQG↓IWGQGK) into the polymer network. The specific amounts of RGDS and PEG-PQ within the resulting hydrogels influenced the elongation, de novo extracellular matrix deposition and hydrogel degradation behavior of encapsulated valvular interstitial cells (VICs). In addition, the morphology and activation of VICs grown atop PEG hydrogels could be modulated by controlling the concentration or micro-patterning profile of PEG-RGDS. These results are promising for the fabrication of PEG-based hydrogels using anatomically and biologically inspired scaffold design features for heart valve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel S Puperi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aline L Yonezawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hubert Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maude L Cuchiara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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40
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Walters NJ, Gentleman E. Evolving insights in cell-matrix interactions: elucidating how non-soluble properties of the extracellular niche direct stem cell fate. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:3-16. [PMID: 25266503 PMCID: PMC5833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of soluble messengers in directing cellular behaviours has been recognized for decades. However, many cellular processes, including adhesion, migration and stem cell differentiation, are also governed by chemical and physical interactions with non-soluble components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among other effects, a cell's perception of nanoscale features such as substrate topography and ligand presentation, and its ability to deform the matrix via the generation of cytoskeletal tension play fundamental roles in these cellular processes. As a result, many biomaterials-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies aim to harness the cell's perception of substrate stiffness and nanoscale features to direct particular behaviours. However, since cell-ECM interactions vary considerably between two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) models, understanding their influence over normal and pathological cell responses in 3-D systems that better mimic the in vivo microenvironment is essential to translate such insights efficiently into medical therapies. This review summarizes the key findings in these areas and discusses how insights from 2-D biomaterials are being used to examine cellular behaviours in more complex 3-D hydrogel systems, in which not only matrix stiffness, but also degradability, plays an important role, and in which defining the nanoscale ligand presentation presents an additional challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J Walters
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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41
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Chen M, Qian C, Bi LL, Zhao F, Zhang GY, Wang ZQ, Gan XD, Wang YG. Enrichment of cardiac differentiation by a large starting number of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:475-81. [PMID: 25312921 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) with large starting numbers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have a greater degree of cardiac differentiation than from low numbers of EBs. However, the biological roles of signaling molecules in these effects are not well understood. Here, we show that groups of EBs with different starting numbers of ESCs had differential gene expression patterns for Wnt5a and Wnt11. Wnt11 significantly increased the percentage of beating EBs by up-regulating the expression of the cardiac-specific genes. Wnt5a did not show these effects. Moreover, Wnt11 significantly increased the level of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase. The inhibition of the JNK pathway by SP600125 blocked the effects of Wnt11. Thus, enrichment of cardiac differentiation in groups of EBs with a larger starting number of ESCs is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China,
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42
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Paul A, Hasan A, Kindi HA, Gaharwar AK, Rao VTS, Nikkhah M, Shin SR, Krafft D, Dokmeci MR, Shum-Tim D, Khademhosseini A. Injectable graphene oxide/hydrogel-based angiogenic gene delivery system for vasculogenesis and cardiac repair. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8050-62. [PMID: 24988275 PMCID: PMC4148162 DOI: 10.1021/nn5020787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an injectable and biocompatible hydrogel which can efficiently deliver a nanocomplex of graphene oxide (GO) and vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF) pro-angiogenic gene for myocardial therapy. For the study, an efficient nonviral gene delivery system using polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized GO nanosheets (fGO) complexed with DNAVEGF was formulated and incorporated in the low-modulus methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel to promote controlled and localized gene therapy. It was hypothesized that the fGOVEGF/GelMA nanocomposite hydrogels can efficiently transfect myocardial tissues and induce favorable therapeutic effects without invoking cytotoxic effects. To evaluate this hypothesis, a rat model with acute myocardial infarction was used, and the therapeutic hydrogels were injected intramyocardially in the peri-infarct regions. The secreted VEGF from in vitro transfected cardiomyocytes demonstrated profound mitotic activities on endothelial cells. A significant increase in myocardial capillary density at the injected peri-infarct region and reduction in scar area were noted in the infarcted hearts with fGOVEGF/GelMA treatment compared to infarcted hearts treated with untreated sham, GelMA and DNAVEGF/GelMA groups. Furthermore, the fGOVEGF/GelMA group showed significantly higher (p < 0.05, n = 7) cardiac performance in echocardiography compared to other groups, 14 days postinjection. In addition, no significant differences were noticed between GO/GelMA and non-GO groups in the serum cytokine levels and quantitative PCR based inflammatory microRNA (miRNA) marker expressions at the injected sites. Collectively, the current findings suggest the feasibility of a combined hydrogel-based gene therapy system for ischemic heart diseases using nonviral hybrid complex of fGO and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Paul
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hamood Al Kindi
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, McGill University Health Centre, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Room S8-73b, 687 Pine Avenue, West Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Texas A&M University, 5024 Emerging Technology Building, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Vijayaraghava T. S. Rao
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dorothee Krafft
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, McGill University Health Centre, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Room S8-73b, 687 Pine Avenue, West Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence to
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43
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Dias AD, Unser AM, Xie Y, Chrisey DB, Corr DT. Generating size-controlled embryoid bodies using laser direct-write. Biofabrication 2014; 6:025007. [PMID: 24694373 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to self-renew and differentiate into any specialized cell type. One common method to differentiate ESCs in vitro is through embryoid bodies (EBs), three-dimensional cellular aggregates that spontaneously self-assemble and generally express markers for the three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. It has been previously shown that both EB size and 2D colony size each influence differentiation. We hypothesized that we could control the size of the EB formed by mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a cell printing method, laser direct-write (LDW), to control both the size of the initial printed colony and the local cell density in printed colonies. After printing mESCs at various printed colony sizes and printing densities, two-way ANOVAs indicated that the EB diameter was influenced by printing density after three days (p = 0.0002), while there was no effect of the printed colony diameter on the EB diameter at the same timepoint (p = 0.74). There was no significant interaction between these two factors. Tukey's honestly significant difference test showed that high-density colonies formed significantly larger EBs, suggesting that printed mESCs quickly aggregate with nearby cells. Thus, EBs can be engineered to a desired size by controlling printing density, which will influence the design of future differentiation studies. Herein, we highlight the capacity of LDW to control the local cell density and colony size independently, at prescribed spatial locations, potentially leading to better stem cell maintenance and directed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Abstract
Understanding the processes by which stem cells give rise to de novo tissues is an active focus of stem cell biology and bioengineering disciplines. Instructive morphogenic cues surrounding the stem cell during morphogenesis create what is referred to as the stem cell microenvironment. An emerging paradigm in stem cell bioengineering involves "biologically driven assembly," in which stem cells are encouraged to largely define their own morphogenesis processes. However, even in the case of biologically driven assembly, stem cells do not act alone. The properties of the surrounding microenvironment can be critical regulators of cell fate. Stem cell-material interactions are among the most well-characterized microenvironmental effectors of stem cell fate and establish a signaling "context" that can define the mode of influence for morphogenic cues. Here we describe illustrative examples of cell-material interactions that occur during in vitro stem cell studies, with an emphasis on how cell-material interactions create instructive contexts for stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Angela W. Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Rehabilitation, and Material Science University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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45
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Chan HF, Zhang Y, Ho YP, Chiu YL, Jung Y, Leong KW. Rapid formation of multicellular spheroids in double-emulsion droplets with controllable microenvironment. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3462. [PMID: 24322507 PMCID: PMC3857570 DOI: 10.1038/srep03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive option for tissue engineering is to use of multicellular spheroids as microtissues, particularly with stem cell spheroids. Conventional approaches of fabricating spheroids suffer from low throughput and polydispersity in size, and fail to supplement cues from extracellular matrix (ECM) for enhanced differentiation. In this study, we report the application of microfluidics-generated water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion (DE) droplets as pico-liter sized bioreactor for rapid cell assembly and well-controlled microenvironment for spheroid culture. Cells aggregated to form size-controllable (30–80 μm) spheroids in DE droplets within 150 min and could be retrieved via a droplet-releasing agent. Moreover, precursor hydrogel solution can be adopted as the inner phase to produce spheroid-encapsulated microgels after spheroid formation. As an example, the encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) spheroids in alginate and alginate-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (-RGD) microgel was demonstrated, with enhanced osteogenic differentiation further exhibited in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Fai Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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46
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Bernard AB, Chapman RZ, Anseth KS. Controlled local presentation of matrix proteins in microparticle-laden cell aggregates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:1028-37. [PMID: 24255014 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-cellular aggregates are found in healthy and diseased tissues, and while cell-cell contact is important for regulating many cell functions, cells also interact, to varying degrees, with extra-cellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Islets of Langerhans are one such example of cell aggregates in contact with ECM, both at the periphery of the cluster and dispersed throughout. While several studies have investigated the effect of reintroducing contact with ECM proteins on islet cell survival and function, the majority of these experiments only allow contact with the exterior cells. Thus, cell-culture platforms that enable the study of ECM-cell interactions throughout multi-cellular aggregates are of interest. Here, local presentation of ECM proteins was achieved using hydrogel microwell arrays to incorporate protein-laden microparticles during formation of MIN6 β-cell aggregates. Varying the microparticle seeding density reproducibly controlled the number of microparticles incorporated within three-dimensional aggregates (i.e., total amount of protein). Further, a relatively uniform spatial distribution of laminin- and fibronectin-coated microparticles was achieved throughout the x-, y-, and z-directions. Multiple ECM proteins were presented to β-cells in concert by incorporating two distinct populations of microparticles throughout the aggregates. Finally, scaling the microwell device dimensions allowed for the formation of two different sized cell-particle aggregates, ∼80 and 160 µm in diameter. While the total number of microparticles incorporated per aggregate varied with size, the fraction of the aggregate occupied by microparticles was affected only by the microparticle seeding density, indicating that uniform local concentrations of proteins can be preserved while changing the overall aggregate dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Bernard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado, 80303
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47
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Sugiura S, Cha JM, Yanagawa F, Zorlutuna P, Bae H, Khademhosseini A. Dynamic three-dimensional micropatterned cell co-cultures within photocurable and chemically degradable hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:690-9. [PMID: 24170301 DOI: 10.1002/term.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the development of dynamically controlled three-dimensional (3D) micropatterned cellular co-cultures within photocurable and chemically degradable hydrogels. Specifically, we generated dynamic co-cultures of micropatterned murine embryonic stem (mES) cells with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells within 3D hydrogels. HepG2 cells were used due to their ability to direct the differentiation of mES cells through secreted paracrine factors. To generate dynamic co-cultures, mES cells were first encapsulated within micropatterned photocurable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. These micropatterned cell-laden PEG hydrogels were subsequently surrounded by calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) hydrogels containing HepG2 cells. After 4 days, the co-culture step was halted by exposing the system to sodium citrate solution, which removed the alginate gels and the encapsulated HepG2 cells. The encapsulated mES cells were then maintained in the resulting cultures for 16 days and cardiac differentiation was analysed. We observed that the mES cells that were exposed to HepG2 cells in the co-cultures generated cells with higher expression of cardiac genes and proteins, as well as increased spontaneous beating. Due to its ability to control the 3D microenvironment of cells in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, the method presented in this study is useful for a range of cell-culture applications related to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugiura
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fumiki Yanagawa
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Program and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Hojae Bae
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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van de Stolpe A, den Toonder J. Workshop meeting report Organs-on-Chips: human disease models. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3449-70. [PMID: 23645172 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of "Organs-on-Chips" has recently evolved and has been described as 3D (mini-) organs or tissues consisting of multiple and different cell types interacting with each other under closely controlled conditions, grown in a microfluidic chip, and mimicking the complex structures and cellular interactions in and between different cell types and organs in vivo, enabling the real time monitoring of cellular processes. In combination with the emerging iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) field this development offers unprecedented opportunities to develop human in vitro models for healthy and diseased organ tissues, enabling the investigation of fundamental mechanisms in disease development, drug toxicity screening, drug target discovery and drug development, and the replacement of animal testing. Capturing the genetic background of the iPSC donor in the organ or disease model carries the promise to move towards "in vitro clinical trials", reducing costs for drug development and furthering the concept of personalized medicine and companion diagnostics. During the Lorentz workshop (Leiden, September 2012) an international multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the current state of the art, available and emerging technologies, applications and how to proceed in the field. Organ-on-a-chip platform technologies are expected to revolutionize cell biology in general and drug development in particular.
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49
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Khademhosseini A, Peppas NA. Micro- and nanoengineering of biomaterials for healthcare applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:10-2. [PMID: 23299936 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Chung C, Pruitt BL, Heilshorn SC. Spontaneous cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryoid bodies regulated by hydrogel crosslink density. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1082-1090. [PMID: 24748962 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies have great potential to provide alternative treatment options for those suffering from heart disease. In order to optimize cell delivery for therapeutic efficacy, a greater understanding of parameters that impact stem cell differentiation, survival, growth, and development are needed. In this study, we examine the role of hydrogel crosslink density on spontaneous cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation of murine embryoid bodies (EBs). CM differentiation was accelerated in hydrogels of low crosslink density, where 100% of the hydrogels were positive for CM differentiation compared to only 53% in the high crosslink density group after 8 days of culture. DNA microarray data suggests that enhanced CM differentiation in the low crosslink density hydrogels was not tissue specific but rather a result of favoured EB development and cell proliferation. Additionally, enhanced EB growth and differentiation in low crosslink density hydrogels was independent of RGD ligand density and not a consequence of enhanced diffusion. We also demonstrate that matrix metalloproteinase activity is required for spontaneous CM differentiation in 3D hydrogels. Low hydrogel crosslink density regulates spontaneous EB differentiation by promoting EB growth and development. Elucidating the effects of microenvironmental cues on cell differentiation can aid in the optimization of stem cell-based therapies for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chung
- Materials Science and Engineering, McCullough Building, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Tel: 650 723 3763 ; Mechanical Engineering, Durand Building, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Mechanical Engineering, Durand Building, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering, McCullough Building, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Tel: 650 723 3763
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