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Gautam SK, Ndiaye S, Houard J, Lefebvre D, Chauveau JM, Hugues M, Vella A, Rigutti L. A Photonic Atom Probe Study of Thermal Effects at the Nanosecond and Nanometer scale. NANO LETTERS 2025; 25:8589-8595. [PMID: 40366212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
The thermal effect of a subpicosecond laser pulse impinging on a nanoscale semiconductor structure is evaluated by analyzing the photoluminescence (PL) from samples characterized in situ by atom probe tomography. By examining time-resolved PL and ion time-of-flight spectra, we establish the correct time scale of transient processes─carrier recombination and carrier-phonon scattering─following a laser pulse. This approach allows for analysis of peak energies and bandwidths from temperature- and laser intensity-dependent PL spectra, enabling the estimation of an effective temperature within a few hundred picoseconds after the laser pulse. The analysis was conducted on ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O quantum well heterostructures, where the results can be readily interpreted using ZnO's specific heat capacity and its temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh K Gautam
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Samba Ndiaye
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Houard
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Denis Lefebvre
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, rue B. Gregory, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chauveau
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Versailles Saint Quentin, CNRS, GEMaC, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Maxime Hugues
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, rue B. Gregory, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Angela Vella
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Lorenzo Rigutti
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
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2
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Su J, He K, Li Y, Tu J, Chen X. Soft Materials and Devices Enabling Sensorimotor Functions in Soft Robots. Chem Rev 2025. [PMID: 40163535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Sensorimotor functions, the seamless integration of sensing, decision-making, and actuation, are fundamental for robots to interact with their environments. Inspired by biological systems, the incorporation of soft materials and devices into robotics holds significant promise for enhancing these functions. However, current robotics systems often lack the autonomy and intelligence observed in nature due to limited sensorimotor integration, particularly in flexible sensing and actuation. As the field progresses toward soft, flexible, and stretchable materials, developing such materials and devices becomes increasingly critical for advanced robotics. Despite rapid advancements individually in soft materials and flexible devices, their combined applications to enable sensorimotor capabilities in robots are emerging. This review addresses this emerging field by providing a comprehensive overview of soft materials and devices that enable sensorimotor functions in robots. We delve into the latest development in soft sensing technologies, actuation mechanism, structural designs, and fabrication techniques. Additionally, we explore strategies for sensorimotor control, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), and practical application across various domains such as healthcare, augmented and virtual reality, and exploration. By drawing parallels with biological systems, this review aims to guide future research and development in soft robots, ultimately enhancing the autonomy and adaptability of robots in unstructured environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Su
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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3
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Park JH, Pattipaka S, Hwang GT, Park M, Woo YM, Kim YB, Lee HE, Jeong CK, Zhang T, Min Y, Park KI, Lee KJ, Ryu J. Light-Material Interactions Using Laser and Flash Sources for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:276. [PMID: 39186184 PMCID: PMC11347555 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in light-material interactions (LMIs), focusing on lasers and flash lights for energy conversion and storage applications. We discuss intricate LMI parameters such as light sources, interaction time, and fluence to elucidate their importance in material processing. In addition, this study covers various light-induced photothermal and photochemical processes ranging from melting, crystallization, and ablation to doping and synthesis, which are essential for developing energy materials and devices. Finally, we present extensive energy conversion and storage applications demonstrated by LMI technologies, including energy harvesters, sensors, capacitors, and batteries. Despite the several challenges associated with LMIs, such as complex mechanisms, and high-degrees of freedom, we believe that substantial contributions and potential for the commercialization of future energy systems can be achieved by advancing optical technologies through comprehensive academic research and multidisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-Ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivas Pattipaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Tae Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Minok Park
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-Ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiandong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuho Min
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-Ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Park H, Park JJ, Bui PD, Yoon H, Grigoropoulos CP, Lee D, Ko SH. Laser-Based Selective Material Processing for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307586. [PMID: 37740699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The connection between laser-based material processing and additive manufacturing is quite deeply rooted. In fact, the spark that started the field of additive manufacturing is the idea that two intersecting laser beams can selectively solidify a vat of resin. Ever since, laser has been accompanying the field of additive manufacturing, with its repertoire expanded from processing only photopolymer resin to virtually any material, allowing liberating customizability. As a result, additive manufacturing is expected to take an even more prominent role in the global supply chain in years to come. Herein, an overview of laser-based selective material processing is presented from various aspects: the physics of laser-material interactions, the materials currently used in additive manufacturing processes, the system configurations that enable laser-based additive manufacturing, and various functional applications of next-generation additive manufacturing. Additionally, current challenges and prospects of laser-based additive manufacturing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Phuong-Danh Bui
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Yoon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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5
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He Z, Lei L, Lin S, Tian S, Tian W, Yu Z, Li F. Metal Material Processing Using Femtosecond Lasers: Theories, Principles, and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3386. [PMID: 39063677 PMCID: PMC11277908 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal material processing using femtosecond lasers is a useful technique, and it has been widely employed in many applications including laser microfabrication, laser surgery, and micromachining. The basic mechanisms of metal processing using femtosecond lasers are reviewed in this paper and the characteristics and theory of laser processing are considered. In addition to well-known processes, the recent progress relating to metals processing with femtosecond lasers, including metal material drilling, metal ablation thresholds, micro/nano-surface modification, printed circuit board (PCB) micromachining, and liquid metal (LM) processing using femtosecond lasers, is described in detail. Meanwhile, the application of femtosecond laser technology in different fields is also briefly discussed. This review concludes by highlighting the current challenges and presenting a forward-looking perspective on the future of the metal laser processing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong He
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation Technology and Device, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lixiang Lei
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation Technology and Device, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shaojiang Lin
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation Technology and Device, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shaoan Tian
- Hubei Zhongpei Electronic Technology Limited Company, Huangshi 435200, China
| | - Weilan Tian
- Hubei Chuangjie Biotechnology Technology Limited Company, Huangshi 435200, China
| | - Zaiyuan Yu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation Technology and Device, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Fang Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
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6
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Pinheiro T, Morais M, Silvestre S, Carlos E, Coelho J, Almeida HV, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Martins R. Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402014. [PMID: 38551106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Direct Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost-effective, high-resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning and assembly of functional geometries in several fields of application, of which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances and strategies based on DLW for electronics microfabrication are surveyed and outlined, based on laser material growth strategies. First, the main DLW parameters influencing material synthesis and transformation mechanisms are summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing of conductive and semiconducting materials. Additive and transformative DLW processing mechanisms are discussed, to open space to explore several categories of materials directly synthesized or transformed for electronics microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides and carbides, laser-induced graphene, and their mixtures. By accessing a wide range of material types, DLW-based electronic applications are explored, including processing components, energy harvesting and storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. The expanded capability of lasers to participate in multiple fabrication steps at different implementation levels, from material engineering to device processing, indicates their future applicability to next-generation electronics, where more accessible, green microfabrication approaches integrate lasers as comprehensive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pinheiro
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Morais
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carlos
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - João Coelho
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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7
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Hirschman J, Lemons R, Wang M, Kroetz P, Carbajo S. Design, tuning, and blackbox optimization of laser systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:15610-15622. [PMID: 38859208 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and subsequent nonlinear optical (NLO) systems constitute the backbone of myriad advancements in semiconductor manufacturing, communications, biology, defense, and beyond. Accurately and efficiently modeling CPA+NLO-based laser systems is challenging because of the complex coupled processes and diverse simulation frameworks. Our modular start-to-end model unlocks the potential for exciting new optimization and inverse design approaches reliant on data-driven machine learning methods, providing a means to create tailored CPA+NLO systems unattainable with current models. To demonstrate this new, to our knowledge, technical capability, we present a study on the LCLS-II photo-injector laser, representative of a high-power and spectro-temporally non-trivial CPA+NLO system.
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8
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Song L, Cardoletti J, Martínez AB, Benčan A, Kmet B, Girod S, Defay E, Glinšek S. Crystallization of piezoceramic films on glass via flash lamp annealing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1890. [PMID: 38424073 PMCID: PMC10904753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of thin-film oxide piezoelectrics on glass is imperative for the next generation of transparent electronics to attain sensing and actuating functions. However, their crystallization temperature (above 650 °C) is incompatible with most glasses. We developed a flash lamp process for the growth of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate films. The process enables crystallization on various types of glasses in a few seconds only. The functional properties of these films are comparable to the films processed with standard rapid thermal annealing at 700 °C. A surface haptic device was fabricated with a 1 μm-thick film (piezoelectric e33,f of -5 C m-2). Its ultrasonic surface deflection reached 1.5 μm at 60 V, sufficient for its use in surface rendering applications. This flash lamp annealing process is compatible with large glass sheets and roll-to-roll processing and has the potential to significantly expand the applications of piezoelectric devices on glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Song
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Juliette Cardoletti
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alfredo Blázquez Martínez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreja Benčan
- Electronic Ceramics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Kmet
- Electronic Ceramics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stéphanie Girod
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuel Defay
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastjan Glinšek
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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9
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Xing X, Zou Y, Zhong M, Li S, Fan H, Lei X, Yin J, Shen J, Liu X, Xu M, Jiang Y, Tang T, Qian Y, Zhou C. A Flexible Wearable Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for High-Precision Fine Motion Capture for Pilots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1349. [PMID: 38400507 PMCID: PMC10892607 DOI: 10.3390/s24041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
There has been a significant shift in research focus in recent years toward laser-induced graphene (LIG), which is a high-performance material with immense potential for use in energy storage, ultrahydrophobic water applications, and electronic devices. In particular, LIG has demonstrated considerable potential in the field of high-precision human motion posture capture using flexible sensing materials. In this study, we investigated the surface morphology evolution and performance of LIG formed by varying the laser energy accumulation times. Further, to capture human motion posture, we evaluated the performance of highly accurate flexible wearable sensors based on LIG. The experimental results showed that the sensors prepared using LIG exhibited exceptional flexibility and mechanical performance when the laser energy accumulation was optimized three times. They exhibited remarkable attributes, such as high sensitivity (~41.4), a low detection limit (0.05%), a rapid time response (response time of ~150 ms; relaxation time of ~100 ms), and excellent response stability even after 2000 s at a strain of 1.0% or 8.0%. These findings unequivocally show that flexible wearable sensors based on LIG have significant potential for capturing human motion posture, wrist pulse rates, and eye blinking patterns. Moreover, the sensors can capture various physiological signals for pilots to provide real-time capturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xing
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Yao Zou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Mian Zhong
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Hongyun Fan
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xia Lei
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Juhang Yin
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Electronic and Information, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Flight Technology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China; (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Deyang 618307, China
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10
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Yang G, Liu L, Chen Q, Xiong W, Deng L. Insight into the surface behavior and dynamic absorptivity of laser removal of multilayer materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37483-37494. [PMID: 38017876 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser-materials interaction is the fascinating nexus where laser optics, physical/ chemistry, and materials science intersect. Exploring the dynamic interaction process and mechanism of laser pulses with materials is of great significance for analyzing laser processing. Laser micro/nano processing of multilayer materials is not an invariable state, but rather a dynamic reaction with unbalanced and multi-scale, which involves multiple physical states including laser ablation, heat accumulation and conduction, plasma excitation and shielding evolution. Among them, several physical characteristics interact and couple with each other, including the surface micromorphology of the ablated material, laser absorption characteristics, substrate temperature, and plasma shielding effects. In this paper, we propose an in-situ monitoring system for laser scanning processing with coaxial spectral detection, online monitoring and identification of the characteristic spectral signals of multilayer heterogeneous materials during repeated scanning removal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Additionally, we have developed an equivalent roughness model to quantitatively analyze the influence of surface morphology changes on laser absorptivity. The influence of substrate temperature on material electrical conductivity and laser absorptivity was calculated theoretically. This reveals the physical mechanism of dynamic variations in laser absorptivity caused by changes in plasma characteristics, surface roughness, and substrate temperature, and it provides valuable guidance for understanding the dynamic process and interaction mechanism of laser with multilayer materials.
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11
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Yang G, Yan H, Liu L, Wang Q, Chen Q, Xiong W, Deng L, Liu L. Laser adaptive processing technology for multilayer dissimilar materials. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4733-4736. [PMID: 37707889 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a laser adaptive processing technology (LAPT) for the selective removal of Cu/Al multilayer dissimilar materials. Using the wavelength range and intensity distribution of the characteristic spectrum, the properties and content of multilayer dissimilar materials can be analyzed online based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The traditional low-speed spectral detection mode was transformed into a high-speed photoelectric detection method by using a scheme consisting of a bandpass filter with an avalanche photodetector (APD), and the in situ online detection of a 30 ns, 40 kHz high-frequency pulse signal during laser scanning was realized. Combined with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) digital control unit, online feedback and closed-loop control were achieved at the kHz level, and the adaptive intelligent control of material interfaces and laser processing parameters was achieved. This excellently demonstrated the feasibility and flexibility of LAPT for processing arbitrary multilayer dissimilar materials.
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12
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Jing L, Cheng R, Garg R, Gong W, Lee I, Schmit A, Cohen-Karni T, Zhang X, Shen S. 3D Graphene-Nanowire "Sandwich" Thermal Interface with Ultralow Resistance and Stiffness. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2602-2610. [PMID: 36649646 PMCID: PMC10041630 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements of passive and active cooling solutions for electronics, interfaces between materials have generally become crucial barriers for thermal transport because of intrinsic material dissimilarity and surface roughness at interfaces. We demonstrate a 3D graphene-nanowire "sandwich" thermal interface that enables an ultralow thermal resistance of ∼0.24 mm2·K/W that is about 1 order of magnitude smaller than those of solders and several orders of magnitude lower than those of thermal greases, gels, and epoxies, as well as a low elastic and shear moduli of ∼1 MPa like polymers and foams. The flexible 3D "sandwich" exhibits excellent long-term reliability with >1000 cycles over a broad temperature range from -55 °C to 125 °C. This nanostructured thermal interface material can greatly benefit a variety of electronic systems and devices by allowing them to operate at lower temperatures or at the same temperature but with higher performance and higher power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jing
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wei Gong
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Aaron Schmit
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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13
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Yang Q, Hu Z, Seo MH, Xu Y, Yan Y, Hsu YH, Berkovich J, Lee K, Liu TL, McDonald S, Nie H, Oh H, Wu M, Kim JT, Miller SA, Jia Y, Butun S, Bai W, Guo H, Choi J, Banks A, Ray WZ, Kozorovitskiy Y, Becker ML, Pet MA, MacEwan MR, Chang JK, Wang H, Huang Y, Rogers JA. High-speed, scanned laser structuring of multi-layered eco/bioresorbable materials for advanced electronic systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6518. [PMID: 36316354 PMCID: PMC9622701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically transient forms of electronics enable unique classes of technologies, ranging from biomedical implants that disappear through processes of bioresorption after serving a clinical need to internet-of-things devices that harmlessly dissolve into the environment following a relevant period of use. Here, we develop a sustainable manufacturing pathway, based on ultrafast pulsed laser ablation, that can support high-volume, cost-effective manipulation of a diverse collection of organic and inorganic materials, each designed to degrade by hydrolysis or enzymatic activity, into patterned, multi-layered architectures with high resolution and accurate overlay registration. The technology can operate in patterning, thinning and/or cutting modes with (ultra)thin eco/bioresorbable materials of different types of semiconductors, dielectrics, and conductors on flexible substrates. Component-level demonstrations span passive and active devices, including diodes and field-effect transistors. Patterning these devices into interconnected layouts yields functional systems, as illustrated in examples that range from wireless implants as monitors of neural and cardiac activity, to thermal probes of microvascular flow, and multi-electrode arrays for biopotential sensing. These advances create important processing options for eco/bioresorbable materials and associated electronic systems, with immediate applicability across nearly all types of bioelectronic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansan Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, College of Information & Biomedical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yameng Xu
- The Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jaime Berkovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kwonjae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tzu-Li Liu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Haolin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hannah Oh
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephen A Miller
- Laser and Electronics Design Core Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ying Jia
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Serkan Butun
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hexia Guo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junhwan Choi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anthony Banks
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Core, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mitchell A Pet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Matthew R MacEwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jan-Kai Chang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Wearifi Inc., Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Zhejiang Tsinghua Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Zhao L, Qiao J, Li F, Yuan D, Huang J, Wang M, Xu S. Laser-Patterned Hierarchical Aligned Micro-/Nanowire Network for Highly Sensitive Multidimensional Strain Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48276-48284. [PMID: 36228148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible multidirectional strain sensors capable of simultaneously detecting strain amplitudes and directions have attracted tremendous interest. Herein, we propose a flexible multidirectional strain sensor based on a newly designed single-layer hierarchical aligned micro-/nanowire (HAMN) network. The HAMN network is efficiently fabricated using a one-step femtosecond laser patterning technology based on a modulated line-shaped beam. The anisotropic performance is attributed to the significantly different morphological changes caused by an inhomogeneous strain redistribution among the HAMN network. The fabricated strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor of 65 under 2.5% strain and 462 under larger strains), low response/recovery time (140 and 322 ms), and good stability (over 1000 cycles). Moreover, this single-layer strain sensor with high selectivity (gauge factor differences of ∼73 between orthogonal strains) is capable of distinguishing multidimensional strains and exhibits decoupled responses under low strains (<1%). Therefore, the strain sensors enable the precise monitoring of subtle movements, including radial pulses and wrist bending, and the rectification of pen-holding posture. Benefitting from these remarkable performances, the HAMN-based strain sensors show potential applications, including healthcare and complex human motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jingyu Qiao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Fangmei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jiaxu Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, China
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15
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Huang J, Chen W. Flexible strategy of epitaxial oxide thin films. iScience 2022; 25:105041. [PMID: 36157575 PMCID: PMC9489952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying functional oxide thin films to flexible devices is of great interests within the rapid development of information technology. The challenges involve the contradiction between the high-temperature growth of high-quality oxide films and low melting point of the flexible supports. This review summarizes the developed methods to fabricate high-quality flexible oxide thin films with novel functionalities and applications. We start from the fabrication methods, e.g. direct growth on flexible buffered metal foils and layered mica, etching and transfer approach, as well as remote epitaxy technique. Then, various functionalities in flexible oxide films will be introduced, specifically, owing to the mechanical flexibility, some unique properties can be induced in flexible oxide films. Taking the advantages of the excellent physical properties, the flexible oxide films have been employed in various devices. Finally, future perspectives in this research field will be proposed to further develop this field from fabrication, functionality to device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Huang
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weijin Chen
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Back S, Park JH, Kang B. Microsupercapacitive Stone Module for Natural Energy Storage. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11708-11719. [PMID: 35730591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing accessibility of energy storage platforms through user interface is significant in realizing autonomous power supply systems because they can be expanded in multidimensional directions to enable pervasive and customized energy storage systems (ESSs) for portable and miniaturized electronics. Herein, we implemented a high-performance asymmetric microsupercapacitor (MSC) on a natural stone surface, which represents a class of omnipresent, low-cost, ecofriendly, and recyclable energy storage interface for sustainable and conveniently accessible ESSs. Highly conductive and porous Cu electrodes were robustly fabricated on a rough marble substrate via explosive reduction-sintering of cost-effective CuO nanoparticles by using instantaneous, inexpensive, and simple laser-material interaction (LMI) technology. Faradaic Fe3O4 and capacitive Mn3O4 were sequentially electroplated on the surface of the porous Cu interdigitated electrodes to demonstrate hybrid MSC with a high-potential window and specific area. Despite the irregular geometry of the stone interface, the laser-induced MSC module produced high areal energy density and power density (6.55 μWh cm-2 and 1.2 mW cm-2, respectively) without the use of complex integrated circuit fabrication methods, such as photolithography, vacuum deposition, or chemical etching. The fabricated MSC stone cells were successfully scaled up via serial or parallel connections to achieve the concept of a scalable energy storage wall applicable as a three-dimensional energy station inside or outside a whole-building interface. The excellent durability of the MSC wall was confirmed by harsh-impact tests, and it was attributed to the robustness of the LMI-derived Cu current collectors and electroplated MSC metal oxides. Furthermore, a natural stone substrate with high mechanical toughness could be recycled by grinding the MSC conductors and active layers, thus considerably reducing the environmental pollutants and helping to realize green electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Back
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical, and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongchul Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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17
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Huang Y, Xie X, Cui J, Zhou W, Chen J, Long J. Robust metallic micropatterns fabricated on quartz glass surfaces by femtosecond laser-induced selective metallization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19544-19556. [PMID: 36221728 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quartz glass has a wide range of application and commercial value due to its high light transmittance and stable chemical and physical properties. However, due to the difference in the characteristics of the material itself, the adhesion between the metal micropattern and the glass material is limited. This is one of the main things that affect the application of glass surface metallization in the industry. In this paper, micropatterns on the surface of quartz glass are fabricated by a femtosecond laser-induced backside dry etching (fs-LIBDE) method to generate the layered composite structure and the simultaneous seed layer in a single-step. This is achieved by using fs-LIBDE technology with metal base materials (Stainless steel, Al, Cu, Zr-based amorphous alloys, and W) with different ablation thresholds, where atomically dispersed high threshold non-precious metals ions are gathered across the microgrooves. On account of the strong anchor effect caused by the layered composite structures and the solid catalytic effect that is down to the seed layer, copper micropatterns with high bonding strength and high quality, can be directly prepared in these areas through a chemical plating process. After 20-min of sonication in water, no peeling is observed under repeated 3M scotch tape tests and the surface was polished with sandpapers. The prepared copper micropatterns are 18 µm wide and have a resistivity of 1.96 µΩ·cm (1.67 µΩ·cm for pure copper). These copper micropatterns with low resistivity has been proven to be used for the glass heating device and the transparent atomizing device, which could be potential options for various microsystems.
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18
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Jin HM, Lee SE, Kim S, Kim JY, Han Y, Kim BH. Directed high‐χ block copolymer
self‐assembly
by laser writing on silicon substrate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Neutron Science Center Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Su Eon Lee
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Reality Devices Research Division Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Soo Han
- Neutron Science Center Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) Daegu Republic of Korea
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19
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Bang J, Jung Y, Kim H, Kim D, Cho M, Ko SH. Multi-Bandgap Monolithic Metal Nanowire Percolation Network Sensor Integration by Reversible Selective Laser-Induced Redox. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:49. [PMID: 35076794 PMCID: PMC8789997 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Active electronics are usually composed of semiconductor and metal electrodes which are connected by multiple vacuum deposition steps and photolithography patterning. However, the presence of interface of dissimilar material between semiconductor and metal electrode makes various problems in electrical contacts and mechanical failure. The ideal electronics should not have defective interfaces of dissimilar materials. In this study, we developed a novel method to fabricate active electronic components in a monolithic seamless fashion where both metal and semiconductor can be prepared from the same monolith material without creating a semiconductor-metal interface by reversible selective laser-induced redox (rSLIR) method. Furthermore, rSLIR can control the oxidation state of transition metal (Cu) to yield semiconductors with two different bandgap states (Cu2O and CuO with bandgaps of 2.1 and 1.2 eV, respectively), which may allow multifunctional sensors with multiple bandgaps from the same materials. This novel method enables the seamless integration of single-phase Cu, Cu2O, and CuO, simultaneously while allowing reversible, selective conversion between oxidation states by simply shining laser light. Moreover, we fabricated a flexible monolithic metal-semiconductor-metal multispectral photodetector that can detect multiple wavelengths. The unique monolithic characteristics of rSLIR process can provide next-generation electronics fabrication method overcoming the limitation of conventional photolithography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Bang
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Maenghyo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Chae Y, Bae J, Lim K, Kim T. Performance characterization of transparent and conductive grids one-step-printed on curved substrates using template-guided foaming. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27846-27854. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation electronic devices require electrically conductive, mechanically flexible, and optically transparent conducting electrodes (CEs) that can endure large deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngchul Chae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeol Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungyoung Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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21
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Joshi P, Riley P, Gupta S, Narayan RJ, Narayan J. Advances in laser-assisted conversion of polymeric and graphitic carbon into nanodiamond films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:432001. [PMID: 34198280 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) synthesis by nanosecond laser irradiation has sparked tremendous scientific and technological interest. This review describes efforts to obtain cost-effective ND synthesis from polymers and carbon nanotubes (CNT) by the melting route. For polymers, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers intricate photothermal and photochemical processes that result in photochemical degradation, subsequently generating an amorphous carbon film; this process is followed by melting and undercooling of the carbon film at rates exceeding 109K s-1. Multiple laser shots increase the absorption coefficient of PTFE, resulting in the growth of 〈110〉 oriented ND film. Multiple laser shots on CNTs result in pseudo topotactic diamond growth to form a diamond fiber. This technique is useful for fabricating 4-50 nm sized NDs. These NDs can further be employed as seed materials that are used in bulk epitaxial growth of microdiamonds using chemical vapor deposition, particularly for use with non-lattice matched substrates that formerly did not form continuous and adherent films. We also provide insights into biocompatible precursors for ND synthesis such as polybenzimidazole fiber. ND fabrication by UV irradiation of graphitic and polymeric carbon opens up a pathway for preparing selective coatings of polymer-diamond composites, doped nanodiamonds, and graphene composites for quantum computing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Parand Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, OR, 97124, United States of America
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, United States of America
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22
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Zhang M, Han S, Xuan ZY, Fang X, Liu X, Zhang W, Chen HJ. Study of Microwave-Induced Ag Nanowire Welding for Soft Electrode Conductivity Enhancement. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060618. [PMID: 34071895 PMCID: PMC8229123 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW)-coated thin films are widely proposed for soft electronics application due to their good conductivity, transparency and flexibility. Here, we studied the microwave welding of AgNW-based soft electrodes for conductivity enhancement. The thermal effect of the microwave to AgNWs was analyzed by dispersing the nanowires in a nonpolar solution, the temperature of which was found to be proportional with the nanowire diameters. AgNWs were then coated on a thin film and welded under microwave heating, which achieved a film conductivity enhancement of as much as 79%. A microwave overheating of AgNWs, however, fused and broke the nanowires, which increased the film resistance significantly. A soft electrode was finally demonstrated using the microwave-welded AgNW thin film, and a 1.13 µA/mM sensitivity was obtained for glucose sensing. Above all, we analyzed the microwave thermal effect on AgNWs to provide a guidance to control the nanowire welding effect, which can be used for film conductivity enhancement and applied for soft and bio-compatible electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.H.); (Z.-Y.X.)
| | - Zhi-Yang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.H.); (Z.-Y.X.)
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- College of Physical and Material Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Wu Zhang
- College of Physical and Material Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.H.); (Z.-Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Z.); (H.-J.C.)
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23
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Shin JH, Park JH, Seo J, Im TH, Kim JC, Lee HE, Kim DH, Woo KY, Jeong HY, Cho YH, Kim TS, Kang IS, Lee KJ. A Flash-Induced Robust Cu Electrode on Glass Substrates and Its Application for Thin-Film μLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007186. [PMID: 33634556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A robust Cu conductor on a glass substrate for thin-film μLEDs using the flash-induced chemical/physical interlocking between Cu and glass is reported. During millisecond light irradiation, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the display substrate are transformed into a conductive Cu film by reduction and sintering. At the same time, intensive heating at the boundary of CuO NPs and glass chemically induces the formation of an ultrathin Cu2 O interlayer within the Cu/glass interface for strong adhesion. Cu nanointerlocking occurs by transient glass softening and interface fluctuation to increase the contact area. Owing to these flash-induced interfacial interactions, the flash-activated Cu electrode exhibits an adhesion energy of 10 J m-2 , which is five times higher than that of vacuum-deposited Cu. An AlGaInP thin-film vertical μLED (VLED) forms an electrical interconnection with the flash-induced Cu electrode via an ACF bonding process, resulting in a high optical power density of 41 mW mm-2 . The Cu conductor enables reliable VLED operation regardless of harsh thermal stress and moisture infiltration under a high-temperature storage test, temperature humidity test, and thermal shock test. 50 × 50 VLED arrays transferred onto the flash-induced robust Cu electrode show high illumination yield and uniform distribution of forward voltage, peak wavelength, and device temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hong Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kie Young Woo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Suk Kang
- National Nanofab Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Weng F, Hu C, Zhang R, Yu H, Liu J, Wang M, Li Y, Xie L, Chen C, Liang K, Zhao D, Kong B. Laser Cladding Induced Spherical Graphitic Phases by Super-Assembly of Graphene-Like Microstructures and the Antifriction Behavior. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:318-326. [PMID: 33655069 PMCID: PMC7908040 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser cladding coatings with excellent wear resistance behaviors are prepared on a titanium alloy substrate with a new precursor material system comprising nanoscale B4C and Ni60A self-fluxing alloy powder. Structural analysis reveals the existence of micron-size spherical or nearly spherical graphitic phases in the prepared coatings, which are composed of graphene-like microstructures closely associated with other reinforcement phases of high hardness such as TiC and CrB. The formation mechanism of these graphitic phases involves in situ superassembly of uncombined C atoms via repeated growth and reorientation of the graphene-like microstructures and is closely related to the laser processing parameters as well as the precursor compositions. The coexistence of these heterogeneous phases enable the obtained coatings with high wear resistance and low friction coefficient. It was found that the wear resistance of the coating has a remarkable 43.67 times enhancement than that of the titanium alloy while simultaneously showing a low friction coefficient (∼0.35). The understanding of the formation mechanism on the graphene-related novel microstructures with significantly improved mechanical properties is expected to lay the foundation for future developments and applications of graphene and its related carbon materials, such as large-scale production and further incorporation into composite materials with desired local structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Weng
- Key
Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry
of Education) and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250061, P. R. China
- Shenzhen
Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Runhao Zhang
- National
Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials
Institute, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Yu
- Key
Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry
of Education) and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical
Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250061, P. R. China
- Shenzhen
Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- National
Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials
Institute, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- National
Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials
Institute, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- National
Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials
Institute, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of
Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative
Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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25
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Wang HS, Hong SK, Han JH, Jung YH, Jeong HK, Im TH, Jeong CK, Lee BY, Kim G, Yoo CD, Lee KJ. Biomimetic and flexible piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensors with multiresonant ultrathin structures for machine learning biometrics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe5683. [PMID: 33579699 PMCID: PMC7880591 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible resonant acoustic sensors have attracted substantial attention as an essential component for intuitive human-machine interaction (HMI) in the future voice user interface (VUI). Several researches have been reported by mimicking the basilar membrane but still have dimensional drawback due to limitation of controlling a multifrequency band and broadening resonant spectrum for full-cover phonetic frequencies. Here, highly sensitive piezoelectric mobile acoustic sensor (PMAS) is demonstrated by exploiting an ultrathin membrane for biomimetic frequency band control. Simulation results prove that resonant bandwidth of a piezoelectric film can be broadened by adopting a lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) membrane on the ultrathin polymer to cover the entire voice spectrum. Machine learning-based biometric authentication is demonstrated by the integrated acoustic sensor module with an algorithm processor and customized Android app. Last, exceptional error rate reduction in speaker identification is achieved by a PMAS module with a small amount of training data, compared to a conventional microelectromechanical system microphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seung Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwang Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Jeong
- School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hong Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nano-convergence System, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang D Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhou H, Song Y. Fabrication of Silver Mesh/Grid and Its Applications in Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3493-3511. [PMID: 33440929 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of flexible electronics, researchers have endeavored to improve the characteristics of the commonly used indium tin oxide such as brittleness, poor mechanical or chemical stability, and scarcity. Currently, many alternative materials have been considered such as conductive polymers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs), or nanofibers. Among them, silver (Ag) mesh/grid NPs or NWs have been considered as an excellent substitute due to the good transmittance, excellent electrical conductivity, outstanding mechanical robustness, and cost competitiveness. So far, much effort has been devoted to the fabrication of Ag mesh/grid, and many methods such as printing technology, self-assembly, electrospun, hot-pressing, and atomic layer deposition have been reported. Here printing technologies include jet printing, gravure printing, screen printing, nanoimprint lithography, microcontact printing, and flexographic printing. The solution-based self-assembly usually combines with coating, template, or mask assistance. This review summarizes the characteristics of these fabrication methods for the Ag mesh/grid with its related applications in electronics. Then the prospect and challenges of the fabrication methods are discussed, and the new preparation approaches and applications of the Ag mesh/grid are highlighted, which will be of significance for the applications in electronics such as transparent conducting electrodes, organic light-emitting diode, energy harvester, strain sensor, cells, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Chen D, Liu F, Yang Z, Li X, Yu H, Liu H, Zhou W. Laser Synthesis and Microfabrication of Micro/Nanostructured Materials Toward Energy Conversion and Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 34138243 PMCID: PMC8187667 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are known to exhibit a number of interesting physical and chemical properties for various applications, including energy conversion and storage, nanoscale electronics, sensors and actuators, photonics devices and even for biomedical purposes. In the past decade, laser as a synthetic technique and laser as a microfabrication technique facilitated nanomaterial preparation and nanostructure construction, including the laser processing-induced carbon and non-carbon nanomaterials, hierarchical structure construction, patterning, heteroatom doping, sputtering etching, and so on. The laser-induced nanomaterials and nanostructures have extended broad applications in electronic devices, such as light-thermal conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, sensor devices, actuators and electrocatalytic electrodes. Here, the recent developments in the laser synthesis of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials are comprehensively summarized. An extensive overview on laser-enabled electronic devices for various applications is depicted. With the rapid progress made in the research on nanomaterial preparation through laser synthesis and laser microfabrication technologies, laser synthesis and microfabrication toward energy conversion and storage will undergo fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Zhang B, Yun C, MacManus-Driscoll JL. High Yield Transfer of Clean Large-Area Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:39. [PMID: 34138235 PMCID: PMC8187697 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a new method for manipulating and transferring up to 5 mm × 10 mm epitaxial oxide thin films. The method involves fixing a PET frame onto a PMMA attachment film, enabling transfer of epitaxial films lifted-off by wet chemical etching of a Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer. The crystallinity, surface morphology, continuity, and purity of the films are all preserved in the transfer process. We demonstrate the applicability of our method for three different film compositions and structures of thickness ~ 100 nm. Furthermore, we show that by using epitaxial nanocomposite films, lift-off yield is improved by ~ 50% compared to plain epitaxial films and we ascribe this effect to the higher fracture toughness of the composites. This work shows important steps towards large-scale perovskite thin-film-based electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Chao Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
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29
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Zhang J, Feng J, Jia L, Xu R, Zhao J, Zheng Z, Zhou T. Top-Down Direct Preparation of Orange-Yellow Dye Similar to Psittacofulvins from Commercial Polymer by Laser Writing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58339-58348. [PMID: 33320523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Laser manufacturing is a promising method for the design and preparation of high value-added materials. When the laser acts on the polymer precursors, some wonderful phenomena will always occur and accompanied by the generation of new substances. Herein, we report a top-down approach for the direct preparation of orange-yellow dye that is similar to psittacofulvins from commercial polymer resins by laser writing. Conjugated double bonds and micro-rough structures are formed simultaneously on laser-irradiated polymer substrate surfaces. The typical polyconjugated structures of psittacofulvin dyes were confirmed by micro-Raman and Raman imaging results. Temperature-dependent Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further demonstrated the formation mechanism of laser-induced psittacofulvins dyes based on the chemical composition. Further, optical microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the physical morphologies of laser-irradiated polymer substrates. A unique advantage of preparing psittacofulvins dye using laser writing is its simple steps, and the dye can be converted directly from the appropriate precursor substrate. Interestingly, the laser-irradiated polymer substrate surface undergoes color change. This laser-induced color patterning is attractive due to the characteristics of high precision, flexibility, and maskless; any patterns can be easily designed and produced on the polymer at desired positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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30
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Bian J, Chen F, Yang B, Hu J, Sun N, Ye D, Duan Y, Yin Z, Huang Y. Laser-Induced Interfacial Spallation for Controllable and Versatile Delamination of Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54230-54240. [PMID: 33207865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The control of interface status is greatly critical to release large-area, ultrathin flexible electronics from the donor wafer to achieve mechanical flexibility. This paper discovers a laser-induced interfacial spallation process for controllable and versatile delamination of polyimide (PI) films from transparent substrates and makes a comprehensive mechanism study of the controllability of interfacial delamination after laser irradiations. Microscopic observations show that backside irradiations will result in the formation of nanocavities around the PI-glass interface, enabling a significant decrease in interface adhesion. Theoretical calculations indicate that gas products generated from thermal decomposition of PI will cause hydrodynamic spallation of molten PI around the interface. The controllable spallation behavior benefits the formation/elimination of fibrous microconnections between the PI film and glass substrate. A substantial regulation of interfacial micromorphologies can achieve precise control of interface adhesion, mass production of functional nanostructures, and nondestructive peeling of ultrathin flexible devices. The results could be useful for the fabrication of flexible electronics and biomimetic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Furong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Biao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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31
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Haldavnekar R, Vijayakumar SC, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Prediction of Cancer Stem Cell Fate by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Functionalized Nanoprobes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15468-15491. [PMID: 33175514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the fundamental building blocks of cancer dissemination, so it is desirable to develop a technique to predict the behavior of CSCs during tumor initiation and relapse. It will provide a powerful tool for pathological prognosis. Currently, there exists no method of such prediction. Here, we introduce nickel-based functionalized nanoprobe facilitated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for prediction of cancer dissemination by undertaking CSC-based surveillance. SERS profiling of CSCs of various cell lines (breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer) was compared with their cancer counterparts for the prediction of prognosis, with statistical significance of single-cell sensitivity. The single-cell sensitivity is critical as even a few CSCs are capable of initiating a tumor. Intermediate states of CSC transmutation to cancer cells and its reverse were monitored, and nanoprobe-assisted SERS profiling was undertaken. We experimentally demonstrated that the quasi-intermediate CSC states have dissimilar profiles during the transformation from cancer to CSC and vice versa enabling statistical differentiation without ambiguity. It was also observed that molecular signatures of these opposite pathways are cancer-type specific. This observation provided additional clarity to the current understanding of relatively unfamiliar quasi-intermediate states; making it possible to predict CSC dissemination for variety of cancers with ∼99% accuracy. Nano probe-based prediction of CSC fate is a powerful prediction tool for ultrasensitive prognosis of malignancy in a complex environment. Such CSC-based cancer prognosis has never been proposed before. This prediction technique has potential to provide insights for cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as for obtaining information instrumental in designing of meaningful CSC-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1T8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Sivaprasad Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1T8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
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Lee SI, Jang SH, Han YJ, Lee JY, Choi J, Cho KH. Xenon Flash Lamp Lift-Off Technology without Laser for Flexible Electronics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110953. [PMID: 33105826 PMCID: PMC7690583 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study experimentally investigated process mechanisms and characteristics of newly developed xenon flash lamp lift-off (XF-LO) technology, a novel thin film lift-off method using a light to heat conversion layer (LTHC) and a xenon flash lamp (XFL). XF-LO technology was used to lift-off polyimide (PI) films of 8.68–19.6 μm thickness. When XFL energy irradiated to the LTHC was 2.61 J/cm2, the PI film was completely released from the carrier substrate. However, as the energy intensity of the XFL increased, it became increasingly difficult to completely release the PI film from the carrier substrate. Using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmittance analysis, the process mechanism of XF-LO technology was investigated. Thermal durability of the PI film was found to deteriorate with increasing XFL energy intensity, resulting in structural deformation and increased roughness of the PI film surface. The optimum energy intensity of 2.61 J/cm2 or less was found to be effective for performing XF-LO technology. This study provides an attractive method for manufacturing flexible electronic boards outside the framework of existing laser lift-off (LLO) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Il Lee
- Manufacturing Process Platform R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.I.L.); (Y.J.H.); (J.y.L.)
| | - Seong Hyun Jang
- Human Convergence Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Young Joon Han
- Manufacturing Process Platform R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.I.L.); (Y.J.H.); (J.y.L.)
| | - Jun yeub Lee
- Manufacturing Process Platform R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.I.L.); (Y.J.H.); (J.y.L.)
| | - Jun Choi
- Human Convergence Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kwan Hyun Cho
- Manufacturing Process Platform R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.I.L.); (Y.J.H.); (J.y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.H.C.)
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Hong SK, Kim SO, Lee KJ. Multidisciplinary Materials Research in KAIST Over the Last 50 Years. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000696. [PMID: 32869920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kwang Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Shim GW, Hong W, Cha JH, Park JH, Lee KJ, Choi SY. TFT Channel Materials for Display Applications: From Amorphous Silicon to Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907166. [PMID: 32176401 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the need for super-high-resolution displays with various form factors has increased, it has become necessary to produce high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) that enable faster switching and higher current driving of each pixel in the display. Over the past few decades, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been widely utilized as a TFT channel material. More recently, to meet the requirement of new types of displays such as organic light-emitting diode displays, and also to overcome the performance and reliability issues of a-Si:H, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon and amorphous oxide semiconductors have partly replaced a-Si:H channel materials. Basic material properties and device structures of TFTs in commercial displays are explored, and then the potential of atomically thin layered transition metal dichalcogenides as next-generation channel materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Woong Shim
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Woonggi Hong
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jun-Hwe Cha
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Center for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D Display, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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Zhu C, Guo D, Ye D, Jiang S, Huang Y. Flexible PZT-Integrated, Bilateral Sensors via Transfer-Free Laser Lift-Off for Multimodal Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37354-37362. [PMID: 32814403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of functional devices that require a high-temperature annealing process on a thin, temperature-sensitive substrate is a long-standing, crucial issue in flexible electronics. Herein, we propose a transfer-free laser lift-off method to directly fabricate lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric sensors that commonly undergo a high-temperature annealing (∼650 °C) on ubiquitous flexible substrates, including polyimide (∼300 °C), polyethylene terephthalate (∼120 °C), and polydimethylsiloxane (∼150 °C). The method includes the steps of fabricating sensors, encapsulating a flexible substrate, and peeling off the device by melting the sacrificial PZT layer at the interface with a sapphire glass. The appropriate fluence of laser energy has been figured out to avoid inadequate stripping or damage of the device. In addition, a process window for reliable stripping of the device has been established among the laser fluence and the thickness of the sacrificial layer and the supporting substrate. Furthermore, the capability of the newly proposed technique has been verified and expanded by successfully integrating several sensors that need skillful low-temperature heating treatment on top of a flexible supporting substrate accordingly before stripping. Finally, a PZT-integrated, bilateral multimodal sensor on a PI substrate has been fabricated, and the device demonstrates excellent performance and stability toward perceiving distributed dynamic pressure and temperature stimuli, revealing its high potential for the fabrication of high-performance devices for multimodal sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Park CJ, Han SW, Shin MW. Laser-Assisted Interface Engineering for Functional Interfacial Layer of Al/ZnO/Al Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32131-32142. [PMID: 32551480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In oxide-based RRAMs using reactive electrodes such as Al, the properties of spontaneously formed interfacial layers are critical factors in determining the resistive switching (RS) performance and reliability. This interfacial layer can provide the beneficial function of oxygen reservoir and series resistance, but is very labile and prone to deterioration, causing fatal reliability problems. Moreover, there are technical difficulties in manipulating and improving the functional interfacial layer due to the various interaction dynamics near the interface and the unstable thermodynamic properties of Al. In this work, laser-assisted interface engineering, which allows exquisite manipulation of the labile interfacial layer, is proposed to improve the reliability and performance of Al/ZnO/Al RRAMs. In addition to photothermal and photochemical effects, the proposed laser process enables fine control over out-diffusions of Al atoms in the vicinity of the ZnO/Al interface, forming a robust interfacial layer with a uniform morphology and abundant oxygen Frenkel pairs. This laser-engineered interfacial layer increases the RHRS/RLRS ratio by over 100-fold and reduces RHRS variation with improved oxygen reservoir ability. It also appears to reduce leakage current and power consumption by acting as a stable series resistance. The correlation between structural and stoichiometric properties of the functional interfacial layer and the performance and reliability of the RRAM is explicated. The results suggest that laser-assisted interface engineering can be one of the most promising methods to implement highly reliable, high-performance Al/ZnO/Al RRAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Jin Park
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 162-1, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Han
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 162-1, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Whan Shin
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, 162-1, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Cha J, Kim D, Park C, Choi S, Jang J, Yang SY, Kim I, Choi S. Low-Thermal-Budget Doping of 2D Materials in Ambient Air Exemplified by Synthesis of Boron-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903318. [PMID: 32274315 PMCID: PMC7140995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) doping and reduction allow for physicochemical property modification to suit practical application needs. Herein, the challenge of simultaneous low-thermal-budget heteroatom doping of GO and its reduction in ambient air is addressed through the synthesis of B-doped reduced GO (B@rGO) by flash irradiation of boric acid loaded onto a GO support with intense pulsed light (IPL). The effects of light power and number of shots on the in-depth sequential doping and reduction mechanisms are investigated by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and direct millisecond-scale temperature measurements (temperature >1600 °C, < 10-millisecond duration, ramping rate of 5.3 × 105 °C s-1). Single-flash IPL allows the large-scale synthesis of substantially doped B@rGO (≈3.60 at% B) to be realized with a thermal budget 106-fold lower than that of conventional thermal methods, and the prepared material with abundant B active sites is employed for highly sensitive and selective room-temperature NO2 sensing. Thus, this work showcases the great potential of optical annealing for millisecond-scale ultrafast reduction and heteroatom doping of GO in ambient air, which allows the tuning of multiple physicochemical GO properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Hwe Cha
- School of Electrical EngineeringGraphene/2D Materials Research CenterCenter for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D DisplaysKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Ha Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- School of Electrical EngineeringGraphene/2D Materials Research CenterCenter for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D DisplaysKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seon‐Jin Choi
- Division of Materials Science and EngineeringHanyang UniversityWangsimni‐ro, Seongdong‐guSeoul04763Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Soo Jang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Yang
- School of Electrical EngineeringGraphene/2D Materials Research CenterCenter for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D DisplaysKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Il‐Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Yool Choi
- School of Electrical EngineeringGraphene/2D Materials Research CenterCenter for Advanced Materials Discovery towards 3D DisplaysKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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You R, Liu YQ, Hao YL, Han DD, Zhang YL, You Z. Laser Fabrication of Graphene-Based Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901981. [PMID: 31441164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the rise of graphene and its applications in various electronic devices. Specifically, featuring excellent flexibility, transparency, conductivity, and mechanical robustness, graphene has emerged as a versatile material for flexible electronics. In the past decade, facilitated by various laser processing technologies, including the laser-treatment-induced photoreduction of graphene oxides, flexible patterning, hierarchical structuring, heteroatom doping, controllable thinning, etching, and shock of graphene, along with laser-induced graphene on polyimide, graphene has found broad applications in a wide range of electronic devices, such as power generators, supercapacitors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, and actuators. Here, the recent advancements in the laser fabrication of graphene-based flexible electronic devices are comprehensively summarized. The various laser fabrication technologies that have been employed for the preparation, processing, and modification of graphene and its derivatives are reviewed. A thorough overview of typical laser-enabled flexible electronic devices that are based on various graphene sources is presented. With the rapid progress that has been made in the research on graphene preparation methodologies and laser micronanofabrication technologies, graphene-based electronics may soon undergo fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui You
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi-Long Hao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Zhou X, Guo W, Zhu Y, Peng P. The laser writing of highly conductive and anti-oxidative copper structures in liquid. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:563-571. [PMID: 31725146 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductive structures are essential for the fabrication of commercial integrated electronic devices. Developing efficient processes for manufacturing these structures with high conductivity and stability is significant. Based on a modifiable cost-effective Cu-based ionic liquid precursor, here we present an in situ laser patterning technique to manufacture flexible electrodes. The fabricated Cu structure has excellent conductivity, approximately comparable to bulk Cu, while its oxidation resistance could be further enhanced through introducing an additional carbon source to form a Cu@C microstructure. The chemical and electrical stabilities are evaluated. This method provides a possible bottom-up route for manufacturing microelectronic devices in one step, as we demonstrated through a flexible heater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ren G, Dou B, Hua Y, Huang F, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu S. Enhanced UC and IR luminescence properties regulated by tight network structure in multicomponent glasses. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4515-4518. [PMID: 31517919 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped optical functional glasses have received substantial attention in recent years owing to their excellent upconversion (UC) and infrared (IR) performance pumping when used in a semiconductor laser. In this study, the luminescence properties of Ho3+ ions were improved through the design of components used to modulate the microenvironment of the glass. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel approach to enhancing the UC and IR emissions, and results in up to more than 130% improvement by regulating a tight network glass structure. Herein, the specific preparation design and investigations into the thermal, structural and luminescence properties are described, the results of which indicate that such ZnO-modified germanosilicate (SG-Zn) multicomponent glasses are promising candidates in the fields of biological security marking, optical communication, and 3D volumetric displays.
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Park Y, Yoon D, Fukutani K, Stania R, Son J. Steep-Slope Threshold Switch Enabled by Pulsed-Laser-Induced Phase Transformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24221-24229. [PMID: 31246395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Super-steep two-terminal electronic devices using NbO2, which abruptly switch from insulator to metal at a threshold voltage (Vth), offer diverse strategies for energy-efficient and high-density device architecture to overcome fundamental limitation in current electronics. However, the tight control of stoichiometry and high-temperature processing limit practical implementation of NbO2 as a component of device integration. Here, we demonstrate a facile room-temperature process that uses solid-solid phase transformation induced by pulsed laser to fabricate NbO2-based threshold switches. Interestingly, pulsed laser annealing under a reducing environment facilitates a two-step nucleation pathway (a-Nb2O5 → o-Nb2O5-δ → t-NbO2) of the threshold-enabled NbO2 phase mediated by oxygen vacancies in o-Nb2O5-δ. The laser-annealed devices with embedded NbO2 crystallites exhibit excellent threshold device performance with low off-current and high on/off current ratio. Our strategy that exploits the interactions of pulsed lasers with multivalent metal oxides can guide the development of a rational route to achieve NbO2-based threshold switches that are compatible with current semiconductor fabrication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Daseob Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keisuke Fukutani
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Roland Stania
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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Kim KK, Ha I, Won P, Seo DG, Cho KJ, Ko SH. Transparent wearable three-dimensional touch by self-generated multiscale structure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2582. [PMID: 31197161 PMCID: PMC6565712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure-sensitive touch panels can measure pressure and location (3D) information simultaneously and provide an intuitive and natural method for expressing one’s intention with a higher level of controllability and interactivity. However, they have been generally realized by a simple combination of pressure and location sensor or a stylus-based interface, which limit their implementation in a wide spectrum of applications. Here, we report a first demonstration (to our knowledge) of a transparent and flexible 3D touch which can sense the 3D information in a single device with the assistance of functionally designed self-generated multiscale structures. The single 3D touch system is demonstrated to draw a complex three-dimensional structure by utilizing the pressure as a third coordinate. Furthermore, rigorous theoretical analysis is carried out to achieve the target pressure performances with successful 3D data acquisition in wireless and wearable conditions, which in turn, paves the way for future wearable devices. Touch technology holds potential for the development of smartphones and touchscreens, yet the conventional devices are usually built on separate pressure and location sensing units. Kim et al. show a flexible and transparent touch sensor capable of mapping the position and pressure at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun Kyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - InHo Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Philip Won
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Deog-Gyu Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Jin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Zhang J, Feng J, Jia L, Zhang H, Zhang G, Sun S, Zhou T. Laser-Induced Selective Metallization on Polymer Substrates Using Organocopper for Portable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13714-13723. [PMID: 30888140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Our work proposed a facile strategy for selective fabrication of the precise metalized patterns onto polymer substrates through the laser direct structuring (LDS) technology using organocopper compounds. Copper oxalate (CuC2O4) and copper acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)2] which can be used as laser sensitizers were first introduced into an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) matrix for preparing LDS materials. After the activation with 1064 nm pulsed near-infrared laser, the Cu0 (metal copper) was generated from CuC2O4 and Cu(acac)2 and then served as catalyst species for the electroless copper plating (ECP). A series of characterizations were conducted to investigate the morphology and analyze the surface chemistry of ABS/CuC2O4 and ABS/Cu(acac)2 composites. Specially, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that 58.3% Cu2+ in ABS/CuC2O4 was reduced to Cu0, while this value was 63.9% for ABS/Cu(acac)2. After 30 min ECP, the conductivities of copper circuit on ABS/CuC2O4 and ABS/Cu(acac)2 composites were 1.22 × 107 and 1.58 × 107 Ω-1·m-1, respectively. Moreover, the decorated patterns and near-field communication circuit were demonstrated by this LDS technology. We believe that this study paves the way for developing organocopper-based LDS materials, which have the potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Liyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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Han JH, Park KI, Jeong CK. Dual-Structured Flexible Piezoelectric Film Energy Harvesters for Effectively Integrated Performance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1444. [PMID: 30909637 PMCID: PMC6470648 DOI: 10.3390/s19061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of energy harvesting performance from flexible thin film-based energy harvesters is essential to accomplish future self-powered electronics and sensor systems. In particular, the integration of harvesting signals should be established as a single device configuration without complicated device connections or expensive methodologies. In this research, we study the dual-film structures of the flexible PZT film energy harvester experimentally and theoretically to propose an effective principle for integrating energy harvesting signals. Laser lift-off (LLO) processes are used for fabrication because this is known as the most efficient technology for flexible high-performance energy harvesters. We develop two different device structures using the multistep LLO: a stacked structure and a double-faced (bimorph) structure. Although both structures are well demonstrated without serious material degradation, the stacked structure is not efficient for energy harvesting due to the ineffectively applied strain to the piezoelectric film in bending. This phenomenon stems from differences in position of mechanical neutral planes, which is investigated by finite element analysis and calculation. Finally, effectively integrated performance is achieved by a bimorph dual-film-structured flexible energy harvester. Our study will foster the development of various structures in flexible energy harvesters towards self-powered sensor applications with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwi-Il Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea.
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea.
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Dubourg G, Radović M. Multifunctional Screen-Printed TiO 2 Nanoparticles Tuned by Laser Irradiation for a Flexible and Scalable UV Detector and Room-Temperature Ethanol Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6257-6266. [PMID: 30652478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multifunctional devices printed on flexible substrates, with multisensing capability, have found new demand in practical fields of application, such as wearable electronics, soft robotics, interactive interfaces, and electronic skin design, revealing the vital importance of precise control of the fundamental properties of metal oxide nanomaterials. In this paper, a novel low-cost and scalable processing strategy is proposed to fabricate all-printed multisensing devices with UV- and gas-sensing capabilities. This undertaken approach is based on the hierarchical combination of the screen-printing process and laser irradiation post-treatment. The screen-printing is used for the patterning of silver interdigitated electrodes and the active layer based on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, whereas the laser processing is utilized to fine-tune the UV and ethanol-sensing properties of the active layer. Different characterization techniques demonstrate that the laser fluence can be adjusted to optimize the morphology of the TiO2 film by increasing the contribution from volume porosity, to improve its electrical properties and enhance its UV photoresponse and ethanol-sensing characteristics at room temperature. Furthermore, results of the UV and ethanol-sensing investigation show that the optimized UV and ethanol sensors have good repeatability, relatively fast response/recovery times, and excellent mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Dubourg
- BioSense Institute-Research and Development Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems , University of Novi Sad , Dr Zorana Đinđića 1 , Novi Sad 21000 , Serbia
| | - Marko Radović
- BioSense Institute-Research and Development Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems , University of Novi Sad , Dr Zorana Đinđića 1 , Novi Sad 21000 , Serbia
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Yang C, Xiang L, Hu Y, Peng LM. Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Ultrathin Flexible Electronic Systems via Capillary-Assisted Electrochemical Delamination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1805408. [PMID: 30311331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic systems on ultrathin polymer films are generally processed with rigid supporting substrates during fabrication, followed by delamination and transfer to the targeted working areas. The challenge associated with an efficient and innocuous delamination operation is one of the major hurdles toward high-performance ultrathin flexible electronics at large scale. Herein, a facile, rapid, damage-free approach is reported for detachment of wafer-scale ultrathin electronic foils from Si wafers by capillary-assisted electrochemical delamination (CAED). Anodic etching and capillary action drive an electrolyte solution to penetrate and split the polymer/Si interface, leading to complete peel-off of the electronic foil with a 100% success rate. The delamination speed can be controlled by the applied voltage and salt concentration, reaching a maximum value of 1.66 mm s-1 at 20 V using 2 m NaCl solution. Such a process incurs neither mechanical damage nor chemical contamination; therefore, the delaminated electronic systems remain intact, as demonstrated by high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT)-based thin-film transistors and integrated circuits constructed on a 5.5 cm × 5.0 cm parylene-based film with 4 µm thickness. Furthermore, the CAED strategy can be applied for prevalent polymer films and confers great flexibility and capability for designing and manufacturing diverse ultrathin electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Park JH, Seo J, Kim C, Joe DJ, Lee HE, Im TH, Seok JY, Jeong CK, Ma BS, Park HK, Kim T, Lee KJ. Flash-Induced Stretchable Cu Conductor via Multiscale-Interfacial Couplings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1801146. [PMID: 30479937 PMCID: PMC6247032 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel stretchable Cu conductor with excellent conductivity and stretchability is reported via the flash-induced multiscale tuning of Cu and an elastomer interface. Microscale randomly wrinkled Cu (amplitude of ≈5 µm and wavelength of ≈45 µm) is formed on a polymer substrate through a single pulse of a millisecond flash light, enabling the elongation of Cu to exceed 20% regardless of the stretching direction. The nanoscale interlocked interface between the Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and the elastomer increases the adhesion force of Cu, which contributes to a significant improvement of the Cu stability and stretchability under harsh yielding stress. Simultaneously, the flash-induced photoreduction of CuO NPs and subsequent Cu NP welding lead to outstanding conductivity (≈37 kS cm-1) of the buckled elastic electrode. The 3D structure of randomly wrinkled Cu is modeled by finite element analysis simulations to show that the flash-activated stretchable Cu conductors can endure strain over 20% in all directions. Finally, the wrinkled Cu is utilized for wireless near-field communication on the skin of human wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolgyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J. Joe
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hong Im
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seok
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials EngineeringChonbuk National UniversityJeonjuJeonbuk54896Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Soo Ma
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kun Park
- Department of Industrial DesignKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Taek‐Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Non plasmonic semiconductor quantum SERS probe as a pathway for in vitro cancer detection. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3065. [PMID: 30076296 PMCID: PMC6076273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based cancer diagnostics is an important analytical tool in early detection of cancer. Current work in SERS focuses on plasmonic nanomaterials that suffer from coagulation, selectivity, and adverse biocompatibility when used in vitro, limiting this research to stand-alone biomolecule sensing. Here we introduce a label-free, biocompatible, ZnO-based, 3D semiconductor quantum probe as a pathway for in vitro diagnosis of cancer. By reducing size of the probes to quantum scale, we observed a unique phenomenon of exponential increase in the SERS enhancement up to ~106 at nanomolar concentration. The quantum probes are decorated on a nano-dendrite platform functionalized for cell adhesion, proliferation, and label-free application. The quantum probes demonstrate discrimination of cancerous and non-cancerous cells along with biomolecular sensing of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids in vitro. The limit of detection is up to a single-cell-level detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada.
- BioNanoInterface Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, ON, Canada.
| | - Bo Tan
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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A Ladder-Type Organosilicate Copolymer Gate Dielectric Materials for Organic Thin-Film Transistors. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Cong J, Wang J, Xie J, Yang C, Zhao J, Li L, Cao Y, Fery A, Feng XQ, Lu C. Determinative Surface-Wrinkling Microstructures on Polypyrrole Films by Laser Writing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4793-4802. [PMID: 29608311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and efficient laser-writing strategy to fabricate hierarchical nested wrinkling microstructures on conductive polypyrrole (PPy) films, which enables us to develop advanced functional surfaces with diverse applications. The present strategy adopts the photothermal effect of PPy films to mimick the formation of hierarchical nested wrinkles observed in nature and design controlled microscale wrinkling patterns. Here, the PPy film is grown on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate via oxidation polymerization of pyrrole in an acidic solution, accompanied by in situ self-wrinkling with wavelengths of two different scales (i.e., λ1 and λ2). Subsequent laser exposure of the PPy/PDMS bilayer induces a new surface wrinkling with a larger wavelength (i.e., λ3). Owing to the retention of the initial λ1 wrinkles, we obtain hierarchical nested wrinkles with the smaller λ1 wrinkles nested in the larger λ3 ones. Importantly, we realize the large-scale path-determinative fabrication of complex oriented wrinkling microstructures by controlling the relative motion between the bilayer and the laser. Combined with the induced changes in surface color, surface-wrinkling microstructures, and conductivity in the PPy films, the laser-writing strategy can find broad applications, for example, in modulation of surface wetting properties and fabrication of microcircuits, as demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Cong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Jixun Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V. , D-01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Conghua Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
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