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Jiang X, Siegmund B, Vandewal K. Organic indoor PV: vanishing surface recombination allows for robust device architecture. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3903-3910. [PMID: 38814139 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
As a promising candidate to drive low-power, off-grid applications, organic indoor photovoltaics are beginning to attract research and commercial attention. In organic photovoltaic devices, charge transport layers are often used to promote the extraction of majority carriers, while blocking minority carriers. They can however be a source of device degradation and introduce additional complexity to the fabrication of the device stack. Here, a simplified, yet performant indoor OPV architecture is demonstrated with extended absorber thickness and without electron transport layer (ETL). We show that the diminished impact of the ETL on indoor OPV results from a drastically reduced surface recombination in thick absorber devices. However, the ETL remains important under strong, outdoor illumination, since in that case the reduced surface recombination is overwhelmed by bulk recombination. The proposed simplified device architecture with thick absorber (>500 nm) has great potential in large-scale production of indoor OPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshi Jiang
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
- imec, imo-imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Siegmund
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
- imec, imo-imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec), Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
- imec, imo-imomec, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Energyville, imo-imomec, Thor Park 8320, B-3600 Genk, Belgium
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2
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Girija AV, Zeng W, Myers WK, Kilbride RC, Toolan DTW, Zhong C, Plasser F, Rao A, Bronstein H. Singlet Fission in Pechmann Dyes: Planar Chromophore Design and Understanding. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18253-18261. [PMID: 38918896 PMCID: PMC11240261 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission in organic chromophores holds the potential for enhancing photovoltaic efficiencies beyond the single-junction limit. The most basic requirement of a singlet fission material is that it has a large energy gap between its first singlet and triplet excited states. Identifying such compounds is not simple and has been accomplished either through computational screening or by subtle modifications of previously known fission materials. Here, we propose an approach that leverages ground and excited-state aromaticity combined with double-bond conformation to establish simple qualitative design rules for predicting fundamental optical properties without the need for computational modeling. By investigating two Pechmann dye isomers, we demonstrate that although their planarity and degree of charge transfer are similar, singlet fission is active in the isomer with a trans-conformation, while the cis-isomer exhibits greater favorability for polaronic processes, experimentally validated using ultrafast and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Our results offer a new design perspective that provides a rational framework for tailoring optoelectronic systems to specific applications such as singlet fission or triplet-triplet annihilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy V. Girija
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Zhangjiang
Laboratory, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - William K. Myers
- Inorganic
Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road,Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Rachel C. Kilbride
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Daniel T. W. Toolan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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3
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Ijaz R, Waqas M, Mahal A, Essid M, Zghab I, Khera RA, Alotaibi HF, Al-Haideri M, Alshomrany AS, Zahid S, Alatawi NS, Aloui Z. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of selenophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based non-fullerene acceptor to obtain efficient organic solar cells through end-capped modification. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108745. [PMID: 38442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a high-performance organic solar cell, nine molecules of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type are originated in the current investigation. The optoelectronic properties of all the proposed compounds are examined by employing the DFT approach and the B3LYP functional with a 6-31G (d, p) basis set. By substituting the terminal moieties of reference molecule with newly proposed acceptor groups, several optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs have been studied, which are improved to a significant level when compared with reference molecule, i.e., absorption properties, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, band gap, oscillator strength, electrostatic potential, light-harvesting efficiency, transition density matrix, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, density of states and interaction coefficient. All the newly developed molecules (P1-P9) have improved λmax, small band gap, high oscillator strengths, and low excitation energies compared to the reference molecule. Among all the studied compounds, P9 possesses the least binding energy (0.24 eV), P8 has high interaction coefficient (0.70842), P3 has improved electron mobility due to the least electron reorganization energy (λe = 0.009182 eV), and P5 illustrates high light-harvesting efficiency (0.7180). P8 and P9 displayed better Voc results (1.32 eV and 1.33 eV, respectively) and FF (0.9049 and 0.9055, respectively). Likewise, the phenomenon of charge transfer in the PTB7-Th/P1 blend seems to be a marvelous attempt to introduce them in organic photovoltaics. Consequently, the outcomes of these parameters demonstrate that adding new acceptors to reference molecule is substantial for the breakthrough development of organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Ijaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Pharmacy Department, School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
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Gibert-Roca M, Casademont-Viñas M, Liu Q, Vandewal K, Goñi AR, Campoy-Quiles M. RAINBOW Organic Solar Cells: Implementing Spectral Splitting in Lateral Multi-Junction Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212226. [PMID: 36944218 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While multi-junction geometries have the potential to boost the efficiency of organic solar cells, the experimental gains yet obtained are still very modest. This work proposes an alternative spectral splitting device concept in which various individual semiconducting junctions with cascading bandgaps are laid side by side, thus the name RAINBOW. Each lateral sub-cell receives a fraction of the spectrum that closely matches the main absorption band of the given semiconductor. Here, simulations are used to identify the important material and device properties of each RAINBOW sub-cell. Using the resulting design rules, three systems are selected, with narrow, medium, and wide effective bandgaps, and their potential as sub-cells in this geometry is experimentally investigated. With the aid of a custom-built setup that generates spectrally spread sunlight on demand, the simulations are experimentally validated, showing that this geometry can lead to a reduction in thermalization losses and an improvement in light harvesting, which results in a relative improvement in efficiency of 46.6% with respect to the best sub-cell. Finally, a working proof-of-concept monolithic device consisting of two sub-cells deposited from solution on the same substrate is fabricated, thus demonstrating the feasibility and the potential of the RAINBOW solar cell concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gibert-Roca
- Dept. of Nanostructured Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miquel Casademont-Viñas
- Dept. of Nanostructured Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Quan Liu
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, BE3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, BE3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Dept. of Nanostructured Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), E-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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5
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Machín A, Márquez F. Advancements in Photovoltaic Cell Materials: Silicon, Organic, and Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1165. [PMID: 38473635 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of photovoltaic cells is intrinsically linked to advancements in the materials from which they are fabricated. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in silicon-based, organic, and perovskite solar cells, which are at the forefront of photovoltaic research. We scrutinize the unique characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each material class, emphasizing their contributions to efficiency, stability, and commercial viability. Silicon-based cells are explored for their enduring relevance and recent innovations in crystalline structures. Organic photovoltaic cells are examined for their flexibility and potential for low-cost production, while perovskites are highlighted for their remarkable efficiency gains and ease of fabrication. The paper also addresses the challenges of material stability, scalability, and environmental impact, offering a balanced perspective on the current state and future potential of these material technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abniel Machín
- Environmental Catalysis Research Laboratory, Division of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - Francisco Márquez
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA
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Müller D, Jiang E, Campos Guzmán L, Rivas Lázaro P, Baretzky C, Bogati S, Zimmermann B, Würfel U. Ultra-Stable ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells and Modules Processed from Non-Halogenated Solvents under Indoor Illumination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305437. [PMID: 37863807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) is a very promising technology to harvest artificial illumination and power smart devices of the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficiencies as high as 30.2% have been reported for OPVs under warm white light-emitting diode (LED) light. This is due to the narrow spectrum of indoor light, which leads to an optimal bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Under full sunlight, OPV devices often suffer from poor stability compared to the established inorganic PV technologies such as crystalline silicon. This study focuses on a potentially very cost-effective Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) free cell stack with absorber materials processed from non-halogenated solvents. These organic solar cells and modules with efficiencies up to 21% can already achieve remarkable stabilities under typical indoor illumination. Aging under 50,000 lux LED lighting leads to very little degradation after more than 11 000 h. This light dose corresponds to more than 110 years under 500 lux. For modules encapsulated with a flexible barrier, extrapolated lifetimes of more than 41 years are achieved. This shows that OPV is mature for the specific application under indoor illumination. Due to the large number of potential organic semiconducting materials, further efficiency increase can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ershuai Jiang
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Campos Guzmán
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paula Rivas Lázaro
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Baretzky
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shankar Bogati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Biswas S, Lee Y, Choi H, Lee HW, Kim H. Progress in organic photovoltaics for indoor application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32000-32022. [PMID: 37915443 PMCID: PMC10616817 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently emerged as feasible alternatives for indoor light harvesting because of their variable optical absorption, high absorption coefficients, and low leakage currents under low lighting circumstances. Extensive research has been performed over the last decade in the quest for highly efficient, ecologically stable, and economically feasible indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs). This research covers a wide range of topics, including the development of new donor-acceptor materials, interlayers (such as electron and hole transport layers), energy loss reduction, open-circuit voltage enhancement via material and device engineering, and device architecture optimization. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IOPVs has already topped 35% as a consequence of these collaborative efforts. However, further research is needed to improve numerous elements, such as manufacturing costs and device longevity. IOPVs must preserve at least 80% of their initial PCE for more than a decade in order to compete with traditional batteries used in internet of things devices. A thorough examination of this issue is urgently required. We intend to present an overview of recent developments in the evolution of IOPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyeong Won Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4), University of Seoul 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea +82-2-6490-2314 +82-2-6490-2354
- Central Business, SENSOMEDI 45, Yangcheong 4-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu Cheongju-si 28116 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDI, Seoul Biohub 117-3, Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02455 Republic of Korea
- Energy Flex Sagajeong-ro 65, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02553 Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhang H, Tian C, Zhang Z, Xie M, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wei Z. Concretized structural evolution supported assembly-controlled film-forming kinetics in slot-die coated organic photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6312. [PMID: 37813858 PMCID: PMC10562442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk-heterojunction structured small-area organic solar cells are approaching 20% power conversion efficiency, but the blurred film-forming kinetics in the fabrication of large-area devices causes significant PCE loss and restrains the potential of commercialization. Such blurring came from insufficient knowledge of structural evolution during the film-forming process. Here, we concretize the evolution process with structures detailed to the submolecular level by comprehensive investigations of in-situ UV-vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope, Grazing Incident Wide Angle X-ray Scattering, and molecular dynamic simulation. With such hierarchical structural knowledge, assembly-controlled film-forming kinetics is proposed to explain the whole picture. Such assembly is determined by molecule configuration and can be tuned via external conditions. Understanding this kinetics will contribute to screening large-area device fabrication conditions, and the detailed structural knowledge could inspire the future design of novel photovoltaic materials that are intrinsically excellent in large-area device fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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9
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Han HG, Yoon SY, Kim BM, Lee MH, Kim S, Shin H, Roh DH, Song HK, Kwon TH. Influence of the Lithium-Ion Concentration in Electrolytes on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Photorechargeable Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40378-40384. [PMID: 37594234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photorechargeable batteries (DSPBs) have recently gained attention for realizing energy recycling systems under dim light conditions. However, their performance under high storage efficiency (i.e., the capacity charged within a limited time) for practical application remains to be evaluated. Herein, we varied the lithium (Li)-ion concentration, which plays a dual role as energy charging and storage components, to obtain the optimized energy density of DSPBs. Electrochemical studies showed that the Li-ion concentration strongly affected the resistance characteristics of DSPBs. In particular, increasing the Li-ion concentration improved the output capacity and decreased the output voltage. Consequently, the energy density of the finely optimized DSPB improved from 8.73 to 12.64 mWh/cm3 when irradiated by a 1000-lx indoor light-emitting-diode lamp. These findings on the effects of Li-ion concentrations in electrolytes on the performance of DSPBs represent a step forward in realizing the practical application of DSPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Industrial R&D Center, P2SG Global Corporation, Seoul 05052, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Myeong-Hee Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonOh Shin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Roh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kon Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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10
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Busireddy MR, Huang SC, Su YJ, Lee ZY, Wang CH, Scharber MC, Chen JT, Hsu CS. Eco-Friendly Solvent-Processed Dithienosilicon-Bridged Carbazole-Based Small-Molecule Acceptors Achieved over 25.7% PCE in Ternary Devices under Indoor Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24658-24669. [PMID: 37186869 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal acceptor atoms and side-chain functionalization play a vital role in the construction of efficient nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) for AM1.5G/indoor organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications. In this work, we report three dithienosilicon-bridged carbazole-based (DTSiC) ladder-type (A-DD'D-A) NF-SMAs for AM1.5G/indoor OPVs. First, we synthesize DTSiC-4F and DTSiC-2M, which are composed of a fused DTSiC-based central core with difluorinated 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (2F-IC) and methylated IC (M-IC) end groups, respectively. Then, alkoxy chains are introduced in the fused carbazole backbone of DTSiC-4F to form DTSiCODe-4F. From solution to film absorption, DTSiC-4F exhibits a bathochromic shift with strong π-π interactions, which improves the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and the fill factor (FF). On the other hand, DTSiC-2M and DTSiCODe-4F display up-shifting lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which enhances the open-circuit voltage (Voc). As a result, under both AM1.5G/indoor conditions, the devices based on PM7:DTSiC-4F, PM7:DTSiC-2M, and PM7:DTSiCOCe-4F show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.13/21.80%, 8.62/20.02, and 9.41/20.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of a third component to the active layer of binary devices is also a simple and efficient strategy to achieve higher photovoltaic efficiencies. Therefore, the conjugated polymer donor PTO2 is introduced into the PM7:DTSiC-4F active layer because of the hypsochromically shifted complementary absorption, deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, good miscibility with PM7 and DTSiC-4F, and optimal film morphology. The resulting ternary OSC device based on PTO2:PM7:DTSiC-4F can improve exciton generation, phase separation, charge transport, and charge extraction. As a consequence, the PTO2:PM7:DTSiC-4F-based ternary device achieves an outstanding PCE of 13.33/25.70% under AM1.5G/indoor conditions. As far as we know, the obtained PCE results under indoor conditions are one of the best binary/ternary-based systems processed from eco-friendly solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ci Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Ye Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsin Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Markus C Scharber
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rood, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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11
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Wang J, Sun L, Xiong S, Du B, Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Flexible Solution-Processed Electron-Transport-Layer-Free Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21314-21323. [PMID: 37084756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have unique advantages of low weight, mechanical flexibility, and solution processability, which make them exceptionally suitable for integrating low-power Internet of Things devices. However, achieving improved operational stability together with solution processes that are applicable to large-scale fabrication remains challenging. Their major limitation arises due to the instable factors that occur both inside the thick active film and from the ambient environment, which cannot be completely resolved via the current encapsulation techniques used for flexible OPVs. Additionally, thin active layers are highly vulnerable to point defects, which result in low yield rates and impede the laboratory-to-industry translation. In this study, flexible fully solution-processed OPVs with improved indoor efficiency and long-term operational stability than that of conventional OPVs with evaporated electrodes are achieved. Benefiting from the oxygen and water vapor permeation barrier of the spontaneously formed gallium oxide layers on the exposed eutectic gallium-indium surface, fast degradation of the OPVs with thick active layers is prevented, maintaining 93% of its initial Pmax after 5000 min of indoor operation under 1000 lx light-emitting diode (LED) illumination. Additionally, by using the thick active layer, spin-coated silver nanowires could be directly used as bottom electrodes without complicated flattening processes, thereby substantially simplifying the fabrication process and proposing a promising manufacturing technique for devices with high-throughput energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wang
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Lulu Sun
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Baocai Du
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Zhu X, Xu J, Cen H, Wu Z, Dong H, Xi J. Perspectives for the conversion of perovskite indoor photovoltaics into IoT reality. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5167-5180. [PMID: 36846869 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a competitive candidate for powering low-power terminals in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, indoor photovoltaic (IPV) technology has attracted much attention due to its effective power output under indoor light illumination. One such emerging photovoltaic technology, perovskite cell, has become a hot topic in the field of IPVs due to its outstanding theoretical performance limits and low manufacturing costs. However, several elusive issues remain limiting their applications. In this review, the challenges for perovskite IPVs are discussed in view of the bandgap tailoring to match indoor light spectra and the defect trapping regulation throughout the devices. Then, we summarize up-to-date perovskite cells, highlighting advanced strategies such as bandgap engineering, film engineering and interface engineering to enhance indoor performance. The investigation of indoor applications of large and flexible perovskite cells and integrated devices powered by perovskite cells is exhibited. Finally, the perspectives for the perovskite IPV field are provided to help facilitate the further improvement of indoor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hanlin Cen
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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13
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Rajagopalan R, Shankar S S, Balasubramaniyan N, Sharma GD. Simple and Efficient Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor-Type Non-fullerene Acceptors for a BODIPY-Thiophene-Backboned Polymer Donor for High-Performance Indoor Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13405-13414. [PMID: 36857615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, simple acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type small molecules denoted as DICTF and DRCTF with modification in terminal units were synthesized and used as electron acceptors. With the tuning of the electron-withdrawing units in electron acceptors, their photovoltaic properties were investigated when combined with low-band-gap BODIPY-thiophene-backboned donor material, named P(BdP-HT). The P(BdP-HT):DICTF-based organic solar cells (OSCs) displayed excellent efficiency of around 11.94%, which is superior to the P(BdP-HT):DRCTF counterpart (8.78%). Although the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the P(BdP-HT):DRCTF-based OSC is greater than that for the P(BdP-HT):DICTF counterpart, the rise in the short-circuit current density (JSC) may be attributed to the fact that the P(BdP-HT):DICTF blend displayed impressive panchromatic absorption compared to P(BdP-HT):DRCTF. The improved fill factor (FF) is responsible for the balanced transport of charges in the P(BdP-HT):DICTF-based device. Moreover, the P(BdP-HT):DRCTF- and P(BdP-HT):DICTF-based OSCs showed 17.68 and 21.84%, respectively, under indoor illumination (1000 lx). To the best of our observation, this might be the first report on BODIPY-based donors with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.84% under indoor illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Rajagopalan
- Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shyam Shankar S
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
| | - Natarajan Balasubramaniyan
- Advanced Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
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14
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Zhou X, Wu H, Bothra U, Chen X, Lu G, Zhao H, Zhao C, Luo Q, Lu G, Zhou K, Kabra D, Ma Z, Ma W. Over 31% efficient indoor organic photovoltaics enabled by simultaneously reduced trap-assisted recombination and non-radiative recombination voltage loss. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:566-575. [PMID: 36458496 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have shown great potential application in driving low-energy-consumption electronics for the Internet of Things. There is still great room for further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of indoor OPVs, considering that the desired morphology of the active layer to reduce trap-assisted recombination and voltage losses and thus simultaneously enhance the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage for efficient indoor OPVs remains obscure. Herein, by optimizing the bulk and interface morphology via a layer-by-layer (LBL) processing strategy, low leakage current and low non-radiative recombination loss can be synergistically achieved in PM6:Y6-O based devices. Detailed characterizations reveal the stronger crystallinity, purer domains and ideal interfacial contacts in the LBL devices compared to their bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) counterparts. The optimized morphology yields a reduced voltage loss and an impressive FF of 81.5%, and thus contributes to a high PCE of 31.2% under a 1000 lux light-emitting diode (LED) illumination in the LBL devices, which is the best reported efficiency for indoor OPVs. Additionally, this LBL strategy exhibits great universality in promoting the performance of indoor OPVs, as exemplified by three other non-fullerene acceptor systems. This work provides guidelines for morphology optimization and synergistically promotes the fast development of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Urvashi Bothra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Xingze Chen
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qun Luo
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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15
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Hwang S, Yasuda T. Indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting based on semiconducting π-conjugated polymers and oligomeric materials toward future IoT applications. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the advancement of artificial intelligence computing systems that can collect, analyze, and utilize metadata from our activities and surrounding environments, establishing self-powered electronic systems/networks supported by energy harvesters is strongly desired. With the lowering of power consumption in contemporary IoT electronics such as wireless sensors, indoor organic photovoltaic devices (iOPVs), which can be driven under ambient indoor light, have recently attracted significant interest as self-sustainable eco-friendly power sources. iOPVs based on organic semiconductors have unique advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, solution processability, and feasibility of low-temperature mass production. Additionally, the spectral tunability and high optical absorptivity of organic semiconductors make iOPVs more effective as energy harvesters in indoor lighting environments. With recent intensive research effort, iOPVs have realized the delivery of high power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% with output power densities of several tens to a hundred μW cm−2, which are sufficient to drive various low-power electronics compatible with the IoT. This review article focuses on recent progress in iOPVs based on π-conjugated polymers and oligomeric materials and outlines their fundamental principles and characterization techniques.
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Zhang C, Liu C, Gao Y, Zhu S, Chen F, Huang B, Xie Y, Liu Y, Ma M, Wang Z, Wu S, Schropp REI, Mai Y. Br Vacancy Defects Healed Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaic Modules with Certified Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 36. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204138. [PMID: 36253155 PMCID: PMC9685472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are expected to power the Internet of Things ecosystem, which is attracting ever-increasing attention as part of the rapidly developing distributed communications and electronics technology. The power conversion efficiency of IPVs strongly depends on the match between typical indoor light spectra and the band gap of the light absorbing layer. Therefore, band-gap tunable materials, such as metal-halide perovskites, are specifically promising candidates for approaching the indoor illumination efficiency limit of ∼56%. However, perovskite materials with ideal band gap for indoor application generally contain high bromine (Br) contents, causing inferior open-circuit voltage (VOC ). By fabricating a series of wide-bandgap perovskites (Cs0.17 FA0.83 PbI3- x Brx , 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.6) with varying Br contents and related band gaps, it is found that, the high Br vacancy (VBr ) defect density is a significant reason that leading to large VOC deficits apart from the well-accepted halide segregation. The introduction of I-rich alkali metal small-molecule compounds is demonstrated to suppress the VBr and increase the VOC of perovskite IPVs up to 1.05 V under 1000 lux light-emitting diode illumination, one of the highest VOC values reported so far. More importantly, the modules are sent for independent certification and have gained a record efficiency of 36.36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Zhang
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Boyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Mengen Ma
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologySouth China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Ruud E. I. Schropp
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yaohua Mai
- Institute of New Energy TechnologyCollege of Information Science and TechnologyGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Processes and Equipmentand Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Jiang S, Bai Y, Xu Z, Wang F, Xia L, Yang Y, Li C, Tan Z. Efficient Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics with Open-Circuit Voltage of 1.15 V via Collaborative Optimization of CsPbI 2 Br Layer and Hole Transport Layer. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200624. [PMID: 36031396 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbI2 Br perovskite has attracted great attention due to the stable crystal structure and moisture resistance, and its 1.91 eV bandgap is close to the optimal bandgap of indoor artificial light sources, making it be the best candidate for the indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) to power a wide range of internet of things related electronic devices. Herein, we report on the preparation of CsPbI2 Br with α-phase and the improvement of its phase stability by adding lead acetate in the CsPbI2 Br precursor. A series of dopant-free conjugated polymers (P3HT, PBDB-T, and PM6) with different highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels are introduced as hole transport layers for building IPV devices. The PM6 based devices having better energy alignment with perovskite demonstrate best indoor photovoltaic performance, giving a remarkable open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V and high fill factor of 81.86% under 1000 lux (330 µW cm-2 ) light-emitting diode illumination, and finally realizing a decent power conversion efficiency of 33.68%. Our findings suggest that collaboratively optimize the CsPbI2 Br layer and hole transport layer is an effective approach to realize high performance IPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhiyang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion, Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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18
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zou J, Luo J, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Sensitized by Organic Concerted Companion Dyes Suitable for Indoor Lamps. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201116. [PMID: 35702052 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, organic concerted companion (CC) dyes CCOD-1 and CCOD-2 were constructed by covalently linking two organic dye units with complementary absorption spectra. Both CC dyes exhibited intense absorption from 300 to 650 nm with the band edges extended to 700 nm. These CC dyes were used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the photovoltaic performance was investigated using different light sources. CCOD-2 possessed bulkier outer shelter than CCOD-1 owing to the longer carbon chains (C12 ) at the donor moiety, and thus it had stronger anti-aggregation and anti-charge-recombination ability. Under simulated sunlight (AM1.5G), CCOD-2 exhibited enhanced photovoltaic behavior with an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 759 mV, short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 19.23 mA ⋅ cm-2 , and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4 %, respectively. Notably, under the illumination of the indoor T5 fluorescent lamp (2500 lux), CCOD-2 afforded an enhanced PCE of 28.0 % with remarkable VOC and JSC of 692 mV and 0.424 mA cm-2 , respectively. Notably, the PCE achieved for CCOD-2 outperformed those of the reference sensitizer N719 and our previously reported CC dyes XW61 and XW70-C8 under the same indoor lamp conditions. In summary, the novel organic CC dyes developed in this work were demonstrated to be promising for fabricating DSSCs to efficiently harvest the energy of indoor lamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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19
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Wang J, Xue P, Jiang Y, Huo Y, Zhan X. The principles, design and applications of fused-ring electron acceptors. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:614-634. [PMID: 37117709 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) have a donor-acceptor-donor structure comprising an electron-donating fused-ring core, electron-accepting end groups, π-bridges and side chains. FREAs possess beneficial features, such as feasibility to tailor their structures, high property tunability, strong visible and near-infrared light absorption and excellent n-type semiconducting characteristics. FREAs have initiated a revolution to the field of organic solar cells in recent years. FREA-based organic solar cells have achieved unprecedented efficiencies, over 20%, which breaks the theoretical efficiency limit of traditional fullerene acceptors (~13%), and boast potential operational lifetimes approaching 10 years. Based on the original studies of FREAs, a variety of new structures, mechanisms and applications have flourished. In this Review, we introduce the fundamental principles of FREAs, including their structures and inherent electronic and physical properties. Next, we discuss the way in which the properties of FREAs can be modulated through variations to the electronic structure or molecular packing. We then present the current applications and consider the future areas that may benefit from developments in FREAs. Finally, we conclude with the position of FREA chemistry, reflecting on the challenges and opportunities that may arise in the future of this burgeoning field.
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21
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Kim J, Saeed MA, Kim SH, Lee D, Jang Y, Park JS, Lee D, Lee C, Kim BJ, Woo HY, Shim JW, Lee W. Revisiting the Classical Wide-Bandgap Homo- and Random Copolymers for Indoor Artificial Light Photovoltaics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200279. [PMID: 35526090 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Organic indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are attractive energy harvesting devices for low-power consumption electronic devices and the Internet of Things (IoTs) owing to their properties such as lightweight, semi-transparency, multi-coloring capability, and flexibility. It is important to match the absorption range of photoactive materials with the emission spectra of indoor light sources that have a visible range of 400-700 nm for IPVs to provide sustainable, high-power density. To this end, we synthesize benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based homopolymer (PBDTT) as a polymer donor, which is a classical material that has a wide bandgap with a deep highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) level, and a series of random copolymers by incorporating thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6,-dione (TPD) as a weak electron acceptor unit in PBDTT. We vary the composition of the TPD unit to fine tune the absorption range of the polymers; the polymer containing 70% TPD (B30T70) perfectly covers the entire range of indoor lamps such as LED and FL. Consequently, B30T70 shows a dramatic enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 1-sun (PCE: 6.0%) to the indoor environment (PCE: 18.3%) when fabricating organic IPVs by blending with PC71 BM. We suggest simple, easy molecular design guidelines to develop photoactive materials for efficient organic IPVs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonga Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchan Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim TW, Kim SH, Shim JW, Hwang DK. Organic photodiode with dual functions of indoor photovoltaic and high-speed photodetector. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 36637537 PMCID: PMC9756234 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy harvesting and light detection are key technologies in various emerging optoelectronic applications. The high absorption capability and bandgap tunability of organic semiconductors make them promising candidates for such applications. Herein, a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) bulk heterojunction-based organic photodiode (OPD) was reported, demonstrating dual functionality as an indoor photovoltaic (PV) and as a high-speed photodetector. This OPD demonstrated decent indoor PV performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of (11.6 ± 0.5)% under a light emitting diode (LED) lamp with a luminance of 1000 lx. As a photodetector, this device exhibited a decent photoresponsivity of 0.15 A/W (green light) with an excellent linear dynamic range (LDR) of over 127 dB within the optical power range of 3.74 × 10-7 to 9.6 × 10-2 W/cm2. Furthermore, fast photoswitching behaviors could be observed with the rising/falling times of 14.5/10.4 μs and a cutoff (3 dB) frequency of 37 kHz. These results might pave the way for further development of organic optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wook Kim
- Center of Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center of Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhang L, Chang Y, Zhu X, Yang C, Shi Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Lu K, Wei Z. Electron-deficient TVT unit-based D-A polymer donor for high-efficiency thick-film OSCs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:065401. [PMID: 34700301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) have been improved continuously in recent years, more attention will be paid to the industrial production and practical application of OSCs. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the process of large-scale production. Among them, reducing the costs of the materials and enhancing the film-thickness tolerance of the active layer are the two key points. Therefore, it is urgent to develop organic semiconductor materials which are easy to synthesize and suitable for the construction of high-efficiency, thick-film OSCs. In this work, we have focused on the (E)-2-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl]thiophene (TVT) unit because of its unique coplanar structure. And we noticed that TVT was mostly used as an electron-donating unit in the previous reports. However, we have modified TVT into electron-withdrawing unit by the introduction of fluorine atoms/ester groups. And two new donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers have been obtained by combining the electron-withdrawing TVT unit with benzo[2,1-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit. Among them, the polymer based on the ester modified TVT unit presents excellent photovoltaic performance by virtue of its good solubility and preferable molecular stacking mode, and the corresponding devices also show extraordinarily high-thickness tolerance. The emergence of this new electron-withdrawing TVT unit will undoubtedly further promote the development of low-cost, high-efficiency, thick-film OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Abstract
Solution–processed organic solar cells (OSC) have been explored widely due to their low cost and convenience, and impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) which have surpassed 18%. In particular, the optimization of film morphology, including the phase separation structure and crystallinity degree of donor and acceptor domains, is crucially important to the improvement in PCE. Considering that the film morphology optimization of many blends can be achieved by regulating the film–forming process, it is necessary to take note of the employment of solvents and additives used during film processing, as well as the film–forming conditions. Herein, we summarize the recent investigations about thin films and expect to give some guidance for its prospective progress. The different film morphologies are discussed in detail to reveal the relationship between the morphology and device performance. Then, the principle of morphology regulating is concluded with. Finally, a future controlling of the film morphology and development is briefly outlined, which may provide some guidance for further optimizing the device performance.
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25
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Zou Y, Agrawal A, Chen FC, Sharma GD. Binary and Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide Bandgap D-A Copolymer Donor and Two Nonfullerene Acceptors with Complementary Absorption Spectral. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4731-4740. [PMID: 34411457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new wide-bandgap conjugated D-A polymer denoted as P106 with a medium acceptor dithieno [2,3-e;3'2'-g]isoindole-7,9 (8H) (DTID) unit and strong 2-dodecylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':6,5-b"]trithiophene (3TB) donor units shows an optical bandgap of 2.04 and highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of -5.56 eV. P106 is used as the donor and two nonfullerene acceptors-medium bandgap DBTBT-IC and narrow band Y18-DMO-are used as acceptors for the construction of binary and ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The optimized polymer solar cells based on P106 : DBTBT-IC and P106 : Y18-DMO exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 11.76 % and 14.07 %, respectively. The short-circuit current density (22.78 mA cm-2 ) for the P106 : Y18-DMO device is higher than that for P106 : DBTBT-IC (18.56 mA cm-2 ) one, which could be attributed to the more photon harvesting efficiency of the P106 : Y18-DMO active layer. In light of the high short-circuit current densities and fill factors for the Y18-DMO based device and the high value of open circuit voltage of the DBTBT-IC based device, ternary polymer solar cells are fabricated by using ternary active layer (P106 : DBTBT-IC : Y18-DMO) and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.49 % with low energy loss of 0.47 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L Keshtov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor O Konstantinov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Kuklin
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Anupam Agrawal
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
| | - Fang C Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
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26
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Gao C, Wong WWH, Qin Z, Lo SC, Namdas EB, Dong H, Hu W. Application of Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Organic Optoelectronic Devices: Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100704. [PMID: 34596295 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials have been widely used in various optoelectronic devices due to their rich optical and/or electrical properties, which are highly related to their excited states. Therefore, how to manage and utilize the excited states in organic semiconductors is essential for the realization of high-performance optoelectronic devices. Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion is a unique process of converting two non-emissive triplet excitons to one singlet exciton with higher energy. Efficient optical-to-electrical devices can be realized by harvesting sub-bandgap photons through TTA-based upconversion. In electrical-to-optical devices, triplets generated after the combination of electrons and holes also can be efficiently utilized via TTA, which resulted in a high internal conversion efficiency of 62.5%. Currently, many interesting explorations and significant advances have been demonstrated in these fields. In this review, a comprehensive summary of these intriguing advances on developing efficient TTA upconversion materials and their application in optoelectronic devices is systematically given along with some discussions. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of TTA upconversion systems for further improvement for optoelectronic devices and other related research directions are provided. This review hopes to provide valuable guidelines for future related research and advancement in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang L. All-polymer indoor photovoltaic modules. iScience 2021; 24:103104. [PMID: 34611609 PMCID: PMC8476653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaic (IPV) with power output over 100 μW is promising to power the numerous sensor nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. All polymer photovoltaic has the advantages of excellent thermal stability and superior mechanical properties. In this work, we fabricate the first all-polymer indoor photovoltaic module with the active area of 10 cm2. The module uses polymer donor CD1 and new polymer acceptor PBN-21 with medium optical band gap of 1.9 eV as the active layer. It is processed with eco-friendly solvent tetrahydrofuran and the morphology can be improved by blade coating at 55°C. Under light emitting diode illumination at 1000 lux, the module exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 12.04% and a power output of 367.2 μW. The sufficient power output, high efficiency, excellent stability, and eco-friendly processing indicate that all-polymer indoor photovoltaic is a promising approach to achieve the self-powered of sensor nodes in the IoT ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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28
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Zhou X, Wu H, Lin B, Naveed HB, Xin J, Bi Z, Zhou K, Ma Y, Tang Z, Zhao C, Zheng Q, Ma Z, Ma W. Different Morphology Dependence for Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: The Role of the Leakage Current and Recombination Losses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44604-44614. [PMID: 34499484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted strong attention for their application in indoor electronic devices. However, the route to optimal photoactive film morphology toward high-performance indoor devices has remained obscure. The leakage current dominated by morphology exerts distinguishing influence on the performance under different illuminations. We have demonstrated that morphology reoptimization plays an important role in indoor OPVs, and their optimal structural features are different from what we laid out for outdoor devices. For indoor OPVs, in order to facilitate low leakage current, it is essential to enhance the crystallinity, phase separation, and domain purity, as well as keeping small surface roughness of the active layer. Furthermore, considering the reduced bimolecular recombination at low light intensity, we have shown that PM6:M36-based indoor devices can work effectively with a large ratio of the donor and acceptor. Our work correlating structure-performance relation and the route to optimal morphology outlines the control over device leakage current and recombination losses boosting the progress of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Wang KL, Zhou YH, Lou YH, Wang ZK. Perovskite indoor photovoltaics: opportunity and challenges. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11936-11954. [PMID: 34667561 PMCID: PMC8457370 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), photovoltaics (PVs) has a vast market supply gap of billion dollars. Moreover, it also puts forward new requirements for the development of indoor photovoltaic devices (IPVs). In recent years, PVs represented by organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), silicon solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), etc. considered for use in IoTs mechanisms have also been extensively investigated. However, there are few reports on the indoor applications of perovskite devices, even though it has the advantages of better performance. In fact, perovskite has the advantages of better bandgap adjustability, lower cost, and easier preparation of large-area on flexible substrates, compared with other types of IPVs. This review starts from the development status of IoTs and investigates the cost, technology, and future trends of IPVs. We believe that perovskite photovoltaics is more suitable for indoor applications and review some strategies for fabricating high-performance perovskite indoor photovoltaic devices (IPVs). Finally, we also put forward a perspective for the long-term development of perovskite IPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Jahandar M, Kim S, Lim DC. Indoor Organic Photovoltaics for Self-Sustaining IoT Devices: Progress, Challenges and Practicalization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3449-3474. [PMID: 34056847 PMCID: PMC8519124 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have great potential to provide a self-sustaining power source for Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The rapid growth in demand for low-power IoT devices for indoor application not only boosts the development of high-performance IPVs, but also promotes the electronics and semiconductor industry for the design and development of ultra-low-power IoT systems. In this Review, the recent progress in IPV technologies, design rules, market trends, and future prospects for highly efficient indoor photovoltaics are discussed. Special attention is given to the progress and development of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), which demonstrate great possibilities for IPVs, owing to their bandgap tunability, high absorbance coefficient, semitransparency, solution processability, and easy large-area manufacturing on flexible substrates. Highly efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) can be realized through designing efficient donor and acceptor absorber materials that have good spectral responses in the visible region and better energy-aligned interfacial layers, and through modulation of optical properties. Interfacial engineering, photovoltage losses, device stability, and large-area organic photovoltaic modules are surveyed to understand the mechanisms of efficient power conversion and challenges for IOPVs under indoor conditions as a self-sustaining power source for IoT devices. Finally, the prospects for further improve in IOPV device performance and practical aspects of integrating IOPVs in low-power IoT devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahandar
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Energy and Electronic Materials CenterKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), KoreaChangwon51508Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Liu W, Luo X, Chen H, Wei Q, Yuan J, Zou Y. An Overview of High-Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3428-3448. [PMID: 33899334 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to power microelectronic devices and sensors, especially for the internet of things (IoT). In contrast with silicon-based indoor PV, the IOPVs exhibit better performance due to their tunable bandgap via molecular design, which could achieve a better spectrum matched with the lighting sources. Based on the simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) in theory, the maximum value can achieve over 50 % under the white LED illumination, which is much higher than the practical top PCE of 31 %, indicating there is room further to improve the performance of IOPVs by various optimization methods. Based on these benefits, the recent progress in IOPVs with different methods was summarizes, and light was shed on the remaining challenges for achieving practical applications in the future. In the end, some guidelines for the development of IOPVs were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Chipsemi Semiconductor (Ningbo) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qingya Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 140083, Hunan, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Yin H, Wen Z, So SK, Hao X. Organic indoor light harvesters achieving recorded output power over 500% enhancement under thermal radiated illuminances. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1641-1648. [PMID: 36654298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have found their potential applications in the harvest of indoor light photons. However, the output power of such indoor devices is usually far from the demand of the internet of things. Therefore, it is essential to boost the output power of indoor organic photovoltaics to a much higher level. As wildly deployed among industrial and civil luminous environments, thermal radiation-based indoor light sources are alternative candidates to supply the essential power of the off-grid electronics with a broad consecutive emission spectrum. In this work, we evaluated the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells under indoor incandescent and halogen illuminations. Impressively, under such thermal radiations, an improvement over 500% of the output power density can be achieved in comparison with that under light-emitting diodes and fluorescent lamps, reaching a record high value of 279.1 μW cm-2 by the PM6:Y6-based device. The remarkable power output is originated from the extra near-infrared spectrum of indoor thermal lights, which restricts the effective area under 10 cm2 in achieving 1 mW output power. This work clarifies the feasibility of collecting photons radiated from indoor thermal light sources through OPV cells, and enlightens the further applications of indoor OPV cells under multiple illumination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Zhenchuan Wen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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Dai T, Lei P, Zhang B, Zhou J, Tang A, Geng Y, Zeng Q, Zhou E. Tricyclic or Pentacyclic D Units: Design of D-π-A-Type Copolymers for High VOC Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30756-30765. [PMID: 34180228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there are several electron-donating (D) units, only the classic benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophenes (BDT) unit was utilized to develop D-π-A-type copolymers for high-voltage organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Hence, in this work, we chose two tricyclic D units, BDT and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difurans (BDF), together with one pentacyclic ring, dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT), to comprehensively study the effect of different D units on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. By copolymerized with the benzo[1,2,3]triazole (BTA) electron-accepting unit, the final copolymers J52-Cl, F11, and PE52 were combined with a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) F-BTA3 according to the "Same-A-Strategy." As we preconceived, all the three single-junction OPV cells can obtain high open-circuit voltage (VOC) over 1.10 V. Although the tricyclic D unit of BDF exhibits a slightly lower VOC of 1.12 V because of its mildly larger energy loss of 0.698 eV, its higher carrier mobilities and exciton dissociation efficiency strikingly boost the short-circuit current (JSC) and fill factor, which contribute to a comparable PCE of 10.04% with J52-Cl (10.10%). However, the DTBDT-based polymer PE52 shows the worst performance with a PCE of 6.78% and a VOC of 1.14 V, owing to the higher bimolecular recombination and disordered molecular stacking. Our results indicate that tricyclic D units should be a better choice for constructing D-π-A-type polymers for high-voltage photovoltaic materials than the pentacyclic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Prasetio A, Jahandar M, Kim S, Heo J, Kim YH, Lim DC. Mitigating the Undesirable Chemical Reaction between Organic Molecules for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100865. [PMID: 34306987 PMCID: PMC8292892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) feature excellent device performance and device stability. However, they are facing problems when the amine-rich polyelectrolytes are used as cathode interfacial layers. In this work, a small molecule, ethanedithiol (EDT) at the polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE)/active layer interface is inserted for mitigating the undesirable reaction between amine-rich groups and electron-acceptor moieties in NFA. The main role of EDT is to passivate the PEIE surface and prevent electron flow to NFA and the unwanted reaction can be mitigated. It improves the performance of OPV devices by reducing the work function, decreasing trap-assisted recombination, and improving electron-mobility. As a result, the flexible device with the PEIE interfacial layer with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.20% can be improved to 10.11% after the inclusion of EDT. Moreover, EDT-modified device can retain 98.18% after it is bent for 200 cycles and can maintain 80.83% of its initial PCE under continuous light illuminated in ambient conditions without any encapsulation. Based on these findings, the proposed strategy constitutes a crucial step toward highly efficient flexible OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Prasetio
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsPukyong National UniversityYongso‐ro 45Busan48513Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahandar
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Heo
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Display EngineeringPukyong National UniversityYongso‐ro 45Busan48513Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
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He X, Chen J, Ren X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Feng J, Fang J, Zhao K, Liu SF. 40.1% Record Low-Light Solar-Cell Efficiency by Holistic Trap-Passivation using Micrometer-Thick Perovskite Film. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100770. [PMID: 34057256 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells exhibit not only high efficiency under full AM1.5 sunlight, but also have great potential for applications in low-light environments, such as indoors, cloudy conditions, early morning, late evening, etc. Unfortunately, their performance still suffers from severe trap-induced nonradiative recombination, particularly under low-light conditions. Here, a holistic passivation strategy is developed to reduce traps both on the surface and in the bulk of micrometer-thick perovskite film, leading to a record efficiency of 40.1% under 301.6 µW cm-2 warm light-emitting diode (LED) light for low-light solar-cell applications. The involvement of guanidinium into the perovskite bulk film and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrobromide (CH3 O-PEABr) passivation on the perovskite surface synergistically suppresses the trap states. The charge carrier lifetimes of the perovskite film increase by tenfold and fivefold to 981 ns and 8.02 µs at the crystal surface and in its bulk, respectively. The decreased nonradiative recombination loss translates to a high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of 1.00 V, a high short-circuit current (Jsc ) of 152.10 µA cm-2 , and a fill factor (FF) of 79.52%. Note that this performance also stands as the highest among all photovoltaics measured under indoor light illumination. This work of trap passivation for micrometer-thick perovskite film paves a way for high-performance, self-powered IoT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilai He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiangzhao Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Junjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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Liu L, Chen S, Qu Y, Gao X, Han L, Lin Z, Yang L, Wang W, Zheng N, Liang Y, Tan Y, Xia H, He F. Nanographene-Osmapentalyne Complexes as a Cathode Interlayer in Organic Solar Cells Enhance Efficiency over 18. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101279. [PMID: 34117664 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is a critical method by which to efficiently enhance the photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene solar cells (NFSC). Herein, a series of metal-nanographene-containing large transition metal involving dπ -pπ conjugated systems by way of the addition reactions of osmapentalynes and p-diethynyl-hexabenzocoronenes is reported. Conjugated extensions are engineered to optimize the π-conjugation of these metal-nanographene molecules, which serve as alcohol-soluble cathode interlayer (CIL) materials. Upon extension of the π-conjugation, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PM6:BTP-eC9-based NFSCs increases from 16% to over 18%, giving the highest recorded PCE. It is deduced by X-ray crystallographic analysis, interfacial contact methods, morphology characterization, and carrier dynamics that modification of hexabenzocoronenes-styryl can effectively improve the short-circuit current density (Jsc ) and fill factor of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to the strong and ordered charge transfer, more matching energy level alignments, better interfacial contacts between the active layer and the electrodes, and regulated morphology. Consequently, the carrier transport is largely facilitated, and the carrier recombination is simultaneously impeded. These new CIL materials are broadly able to enhance the photovoltaic properties of OSCs in other systems, which provides a promising potential to serve as CILs for higher-quality OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Su YJ, Huang SC, Chen TW, Chueh LC, Cui Y, Hong L, Yao H, Hou J, Chen JT, Hsu CS. Elucidating End-Group Modifications of Carbazole-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors in Indoor Applications for Achieving a PCE of over 20. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26247-26255. [PMID: 34033470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two DTSiC-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), (2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12-(heptadecan-9-yl)-4,4,7,7-tetraoctyl-7,12-dihydro-4H-thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[3,2-b]thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[2,3-h]carbazole-2,9-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (DTSiC-IC) and (2,2'-((5Z,5'Z)-((12-(heptadecan-9-yl)-4,4,7,7-tetraoctyl-7,12-dihydro-4H-thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[3,2-b]thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[2,3-h]carbazole-2,9-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene-5,4-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (DTSiC-TC), are designed with various end groups (IC and TC). To explore the effect of end-group modifications, photovoltaic performance under AM 1.5G and indoor conditions are comprehensively studied. Compared with DTSiC-IC, DTSiC-TC manifests red-shifted and stronger absorption, downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and pronounced face-on packing characteristics. As we envisaged, the PM7:DTSiC-TC-based devices outperform the PM7:DTSiC-IC-based devices in both AM 1.5G and indoor (light-emitting diode (LED) 3000 K 1000 lux) conditions with overall higher JSC, FF, and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the PM7:DTSiC-TC-based devices achieve an outstanding PCE of 20.73% with a VOC of 0.87 V, a JSC of 0.095 mA/cm2, and an FF of 70.86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ci Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Chueh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Zhu C, Meng L, Zhang J, Qin S, Lai W, Qiu B, Yuan J, Wan Y, Huang W, Li Y. A Quinoxaline-Based D-A Copolymer Donor Achieving 17.62% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100474. [PMID: 33914352 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain engineering has been an effective strategy in tuning electronic energy levels, intermolecular interaction, and aggregation morphology of organic photovoltaic materials, which is very important for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two D-A copolymers, PBQ5 and PBQ6, are designed and synthesized based on bithienyl-benzodithiophene (BDTT) as the donor (D) unit, difluoroquinoxaline (DFQ) with different side chains as the acceptor (A) unit, and thiophene as the π-bridges. PBQ6 with two alkyl-substituted fluorothiophene side chains on the DFQ units possesses redshifted absorption, stronger intermolecular interaction, and higher hole mobility than PBQ5 with two alkyl side chains on the DFQ units. The blend film of the PBQ6 donor with the Y6 acceptor shows higher and balanced hole/electron mobilities, less charge carrier recombination, and more favorable aggregation morphology. Therefore, the OSC based on PBQ6:Y6 achieves a PCE as high as 17.62% with a high fill factor of 77.91%, which is significantly higher than the PCE (15.55%) of the PBQ5:Y6-based OSC. The PCE of 17.62% is by far one of the highest efficiencies for the binary OSCs with polymer donor and Y6 acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Lai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenchao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528216, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Park SH, Kwon NY, Kim HJ, Cho E, Kang H, Harit AK, Woo HY, Yoon HJ, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed High-Performance Indoor Photovoltaics Made of New Conjugated Terpolymers with Optimized Monomer Compositions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13487-13498. [PMID: 33710873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated random terpolymers, PJ-25, PJ-50, and PJ-75 were successfully synthesized from three different monomers. Fluorine-substituted benzotriazole (2F-BTA) was incorporated into 4,8-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT-T-Cl) and a 1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-alkyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD)-based alternating copolymer PM7 as a third monomeric unit. The solubility of the random terpolymers in nonhalogenated solvents increased with the number of 2F-BTA units in PM7. The random terpolymers were mixed with 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-4F) to fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Among the three terpolymers and two related binary copolymers (e.g., PM7 and J52-Cl), outdoor photovoltaic (PV) cells (AM 1.5G) based on the PJ-50:IT-4F blend showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.34%. In addition, PJ-50 was employed as a donor in indoor PV (IPV) cells and was blended with nonfullerene acceptors, which have different absorption ranges. Among them, the PJ-50:IT-4F-based IPV device had the highest PCE of 17.41% with a Jsc of 54.75 μA cm-2 and an FF of 0.77 under 160 μW cm-2 light-emitting diode (LED) light. The terpolymer introduced in this study can be regarded as a promising material for the fabrication of outdoor PV and IPV cells with excellent performance involving the use of an eco-friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Cui Y, Hong L, Hou J. Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Indoor Applications: Opportunities and Challenges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38815-38828. [PMID: 32805933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the growing development of the Internet of Things, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are highly desirable for indoor applications because of the unique features of light weight, flexibility, and coloration. Emission spectra of the commonly used indoor light sources are much narrower with lower light intensity as compared to the standard solar spectrum. High tunability in optical absorption, insensitivity to series resistance and the active layer thickness, and mild operating conditions make indoor OPV cells promising as a practically relevant technology. Currently, the OPV module has obtained a power conversion efficiency of over 20%, with excellent stability under indoor conditions. However, at the present stage, the device physics investigations and material design strategies developed in an OPV cell for indoor applications lag behind those for outdoor applications. In particular, the emerging characterizations in photovoltaic measurements have severely affected the reliability of reports. This Spotlight on Applications highlights these opportunities and challenges of OPV cells for indoor applications and reviews the recent progress in indoor OPV cells. In addition, we summarize some studies related to accurate measurement and provide some recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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43
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Yue Q, Liu W, Zhu X. n-Type Molecular Photovoltaic Materials: Design Strategies and Device Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11613-11628. [PMID: 32460485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of photovoltaic technologies has been regarded as a promising approach for converting solar energy to electricity and mitigating the energy crisis, and among these, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted broad interest because of their solution processability, flexibility, light weight, and potential for large-area processing. The development of OPV materials, especially electron acceptors, has been one of the focuses in recent years. Compared with fullerene derivates, n-type non-fullerene molecules have some unique merits, such as synthetic simplicity, high tunability of the absorption and energy levels, and small energy loss. In the last 5 years, organic solar cells based on n-type non-fullerene molecules have achieved a significant breakthrough in the power conversion efficiency from approximately 4% to over 17%, which is superior to those of fullerene-based solar cells; meanwhile, n-type non-fullerene molecules have created brand new opportunities for the application of OPVs in some special situations. This Perspective analyzes the key design strategies of high-performance n-type molecular photovoltaic materials and highlights instructive examples of their various applications, including in ternary and tandem solar cells, high-efficiency semitransparent solar cells for power-generating building facades and windows, and indoor photovoltaics for driving low-power-consumption devices. Moreover, to accelerate the pace toward commercialization of OPVs, the existing challenges and future directions are also reviewed from the perspectives of efficiency, stability, and large-area fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Zając D, Sołoducho J, Cabaj J. Organic Triads for Solar Cells Application: A Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200311151421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The need to find alternative sources of energy and environmental protection has
resulted in the significant development of organic photovoltaics. The synthesis of organic
compounds that will ensure the efficiency of the cells has become a key issue. In this
work, we present an overview of materials based on donor-linker-acceptor structural motifs,
and summarize the current state of research which can help in the design of new, effective
photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zając
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Sołoducho
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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45
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Ryu HS, Park SY, Lee TH, Kim JY, Woo HY. Recent progress in indoor organic photovoltaics. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5792-5804. [PMID: 32129404 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among various potential applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), indoor power generation has great potential because of several advantages over outdoor light harvesting under 1 sun conditions. Commonly used indoor light sources have narrower emission spectra with lower intensity (by 3 orders of magnitude) as compared to the solar spectrum. Highly tunable optical absorption, large absorption coefficients, and small leakage currents under dim lighting conditions make OPVs promising candidates for indoor applications. For optimizing indoor photovoltaic materials and devices, several key issues (different from those under 1 sun conditions), such as developing new indoor photovoltaic materials and devices with suitable absorption spectra, large open-circuit voltages with low energy loss, minimized trap-mediated charge recombination and leakage currents, and device stability under indoor conditions, should be considered carefully. In this review, the recent progress in optimization of indoor photovoltaic materials and devices, and the key strategies to optimize the indoor photovoltaic characteristics will be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tack Ho Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Kini GP, Jeon SJ, Moon DK. Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906175. [PMID: 32020712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of low-cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large-scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low-cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up-to-date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all-small-molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single-component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low-cost and large-area OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Michaels H, Rinderle M, Freitag R, Benesperi I, Edvinsson T, Socher R, Gagliardi A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells under ambient light powering machine learning: towards autonomous smart sensors for the internet of things. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2895-2906. [PMID: 34122790 PMCID: PMC8157489 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of photovoltaics gives the opportunity to make our buildings ''smart'' and our portable devices "independent", provided effective energy sources can be developed for use in ambient indoor conditions. To address this important issue, ambient light photovoltaic cells were developed to power autonomous Internet of Things (IoT) devices, capable of machine learning, allowing the on-device implementation of artificial intelligence. Through a novel co-sensitization strategy, we tailored dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells based on a copper(ii/i) electrolyte for the generation of power under ambient lighting with an unprecedented conversion efficiency (34%, 103 μW cm-2 at 1000 lux; 32.7%, 50 μW cm-2 at 500 lux and 31.4%, 19 μW cm-2 at 200 lux from a fluorescent lamp). A small array of DSCs with a joint active area of 16 cm2 was then used to power machine learning on wireless nodes. The collection of 0.947 mJ or 2.72 × 1015 photons is needed to compute one inference of a pre-trained artificial neural network for MNIST image classification in the employed set up. The inference accuracy of the network exceeded 90% for standard test images and 80% using camera-acquired printed MNIST-digits. Quantization of the neural network significantly reduced memory requirements with a less than 0.1% loss in accuracy compared to a full-precision network, making machine learning inferences on low-power microcontrollers possible. 152 J or 4.41 × 1020 photons required for training and verification of an artificial neural network were harvested with 64 cm2 photovoltaic area in less than 24 hours under 1000 lux illumination. Ambient light harvesters provide a new generation of self-powered and "smart" IoT devices powered through an energy source that is largely untapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Michaels
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michael Rinderle
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich Karlstraße 45 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Richard Freitag
- IT-Division, Uppsala University Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 7, P. O. Box 256 SE-75105 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Solid-state Physics, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 534 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Richard Socher
- Salesforce Research 172 University Avenue Palo Alto CA 94301 USA
| | - Alessio Gagliardi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich Karlstraße 45 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University P. O. Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Bedson Building, Newcastle University NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Otsuka M, Kurokawa Y, Ding Y, Juangsa FB, Shibata S, Kato T, Nozaki T. Silicon nanocrystal hybrid photovoltaic devices for indoor light energy harvesting. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12611-12618. [PMID: 35497598 PMCID: PMC9051256 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) featuring size-dependent novel optical and electrical properties have been widely employed for various functional devices. We have demonstrated SiNC-based hybrid photovoltaics (SiNC-HPVs) and proposed several approaches for performance promotion. Recently, owing to the superiorities such as low power operation, high portability, and designability, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been extensively studied for their potential indoor applications as power sources. SiNCs exhibit strong light absorption below 450 nm, which is capable of sufficient photocurrent generation under UV irradiation. Therefore, SiNC-HPVs are expected to be preferably used for energy harvesting systems in indoor applications because an indoor light source consists of a shorter wavelength component below 500 nm than solar light. We successfully demonstrated SiNC-HPVs with a PCE as high as 9.7%, corresponding to the output power density of 34.0 μW cm−2 under standard indoor light irradiation (1000 lx). In addition, we have found that SiNC defects working as electron traps influence the electrical properties of SiNCs substantially, a thermal annealing process was conducted towards the suppression of defects and the improvement of the SiNC-HPVs performance. The potential of SiNC-based hybrid photovoltaics is opened up to be used for the IoT-related energy harvesting of indoor applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Kurokawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Oyama College
- Tochigi
- Japan
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Firman Bagja Juangsa
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Institut Teknologi Bandung
- Bandung
- Indonesia
| | - Shogo Shibata
- School of Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Takehito Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Oyama College
- Tochigi
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- School of Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo
- Japan
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