1
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Zhu J, An Y, Xu B, Mo S, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, He Y. Sprayable Ionic Tattoo Exploiting Biocompatible and Recyclable Organogel for AI-Assisted Multisignal Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025:e2501621. [PMID: 40343376 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
In the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), gel-based ionic tattoos have emerged as a notable innovation owing to their human-like softness and elasticity. These ionic tattoos are highly valued for their biocompatibility, stability, and user-experience comfortability. This research has focused on combining the environmentally stable and biocompatible green solvent with dynamically degradable and reusable polymer networks to develop a propylene glycol-based supramolecular organogel (PGOG). It demonstrates an impressive elongation of 10 400% at break. The photocured PGOG can be recycled on-demand in water and formulated into a portable spray solution, which can be sprayed on the back of the hand just like a sunscreen spray, providing a seamless and comfortable fit that closely matches the skin's contours. Additionally, an integrated ionic circuit is designed with the capability of sensing temperature, humidity, and strain signals with the assistance of AI, demonstrating its potential application in intelligent artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yao An
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Beihang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Mo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yonglin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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2
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Huang QS, Yang R, Yang ZD, Zhao PC, Wang X, Li CH. An Ultra-Thin Stretchable Electrode Based on High-Resilient Polyurethane Crosslinked with La 3+-Complexes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2501839. [PMID: 40171819 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202501839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic skins with multifunctional sensing capabilities are of great importance in smart healthcare, wearable display electronics, intelligent robots, and human-machine interfaces. Thermoplastic elastomers play a pivotal role as soft substrate in the field of stretchable electronics. However, the dynamic interactions of common thermoplastic elastomers often result in high hysteresis and fatigue damage, limiting their performance and durability. In this study, a highly resilient and fatigue-resistant elastomer is developed by employing La3+-complexes as crosslinkers. The woven structure formed between the prepolymer ligands and lanthanum (III) metal ions establishes stable coordination interactions and introduces additional entanglements around the coordination crosslinkers. Furthermore, this woven structure self-assembles into hierarchical nanoarchitectures, which serve as physical crosslinks, significantly enhancing the mechanical strength. As a result, the new elastomers exhibit exceptional mechanical strength (Young's modulus ≈3.47 MPa; maximum stress ≈16.52 MPa), resilience (residual strain during cyclic stretching at 100% strain ≈8%), fatigue resistance (strength retention rate ≈90% after 2000 cycles stretching), and stable thermomechanical properties (creep strain ≈14.43% and residual strain ≈0.22% at 80 °C 0.1 MPa). Leveraging this high-performance polyurethane elastomer, ultra-thin flexible electrodes are fabricated, which can achieve stable and long-term monitoring of the physiological signals of human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Material and Technology, MOE, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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3
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Hou C, He W, Yao X. Mucus-Inspired Supramolecular Adhesives: Exploring the Synergy between Dynamic Networks and Functional Liquids. ACS NANO 2025; 19:14540-14556. [PMID: 40223742 PMCID: PMC12020425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
The exceptional physicochemical and mechanical properties of mucus have inspired the development of dynamic mucus-based materials for a wide range of applications. Mucus's combination of noncovalent interactions and rich liquid phases confer a range of properties. This perspective explores the synergy between dynamic networks and functional liquids in mucus-inspired supramolecular adhesives. It delves into the biological principles underlying mucus's dynamic regulation and adhesive properties, the fundamentals of supramolecular adhesive design, and the transformative potential of these materials in biomedical applications. Finally, this perspective proposes potential directions for the molecular engineering of mucus-inspired supramolecular materials, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches to harness their full potential for biomedical and sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Hou
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing He
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Shenzhen
Research Institute, City University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
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4
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Pang B, Li W, Li J, Yang S, Sun T, Yu Q, Yue K, Zhang W. A Microphase Separation-Driven Supramolecular Tissue Adhesive with Instantaneous Dry/Wet Adhesion, Alcohol-Triggered Debonding, and Antibacterial Hemostasis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025:e2501810. [PMID: 40255175 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202501810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
Tissue adhesives are promising materials for expeditious hemorrhage control, while it remains a grand challenge to engineer a superior formulation with instantaneous adhesion, on-demand debonding, and the integration of multiple desirable properties such as antibacterial and hemostatic capabilities. Herein, a multifunctional supramolecular tissue adhesive based on guanidinium-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is introduced, driven by a reversible microphase separation mechanism. By optimizing the content of guanidinium ions, precise control over cohesive strength, adhesion, and wettability is achieved, resulting in strong instantaneous adhesion under both dry and wet conditions. Notably, the supramolecular nature of the adhesive allows for convenient on-demand removal using medical-grade alcohol, offering a critical advantage for easy debonding. Additionally, the adhesive exhibits remarkable antimicrobial properties while maintaining excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Its underwater injectability supports minimally invasive surgical procedures. Furthermore, the adhesive's ability to incorporate solid particles enhances its versatility, particularly for the development of drug-embedded bioadhesives. This work addresses key challenges in tissue adhesive design via a microphase separation-driven working principle, thereby opening promising new avenues for the development of advanced bioadhesives with tailored properties and enhanced surgical and wound care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Pang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqin Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shangwu Yang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Taolin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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5
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu J, Bao Y, Shan G, Yu C, Pan P. Moisture-responsive ultralow-hysteresis polymer ionogels for adhesion-switchable strain sensing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:2592-2603. [PMID: 39806921 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01593b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Adhesion-switchable ultralow-hysteresis polymer ionogels are highly demanded in soft electronics to avoid debonding damage and signal distortion, yet the design and fabrication of such ionogels are challenging. Herein, we propose a novel method to design switchable adhesive ionogels by using binary ionic solvents with two opposite-affinity ionic components. The obtained ionogels exhibit moisture-induced phase separation, facilitating switchable adhesion with a high detaching efficiency (>99%). Moreover, before and after phase separation, the viscoelastic behavior of the ionogels is maintained in the rubbery plateau region within common frequency ranges with ultralow mechanical hysteresis (∼3%) under large strain, enabling accurate and stable strain and pressure sensing. Accordingly, the ionogel films can be used as functional elements in a smart clamp to realize flytrap-like selective activation, based on high sensitivity to the vibration intensity from the targeted prey. This work may inspire future research on the development of advanced soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yongzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, 324000, China
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6
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Yang M, Li J, Wang C, Yang L, Fan Z, Wang W, Liu G, Cheng L, Qu S, Zhang Z, Zou J, Yu W, Gu G, Yan X. Robust Mechanically Interlocked Network Ionogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202423847. [PMID: 39846833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202423847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Ionogels have attracted considerable attention as versatile materials due to their unique ionic conductivity and thermal stability. However, relatively weak mechanical performance of many existing ionogels has hindered their broader application. Herein, we develop robust, tough, and impact-resistant mechanically interlocked network ionogels (IGMINs) by incorporating ion liquids with mechanical bonds that can dissipate energy while maintain structural stability. Profiting from the dynamic yet stable nature of the mechanically interlocked networks, IGMINs exhibit high tensile strength (9.6 MPa), fracture energy (39 kJ/m2), and toughness (25.9 MJ/m3), along with a high elongation rate (473 %) and excellent impact resistance and shape memory, resulting in overall performance that surpasses most reported ionogels. Furthermore, in the application of strain sensors for monitoring the gait of crawling robots, the toughness and robustness of IGMINs ensure their ability to consistently output stable electrical signals during the stretching and contraction processes, thereby highlighting their practical application potential. Our work provides a new research strategy for toughening ionogels and promotes the development of mechanically interlocked materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Robotics Institute and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shaolei Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Robotics Institute and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Gu
- Robotics Institute and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Li L, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. High-entropy thermal-stiffening hydrogels with fast switching dynamics. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwaf072. [PMID: 40125329 PMCID: PMC11929134 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Thermal-stiffening hydrogels exhibit a dramatic soft-to-stiff transition upon heating, making them ideal candidates for temperature-triggered self-protection and shape memory applications. However, their practical use is still hampered by a slow recovery process (generally >30 min) during cooling, attributed to sluggish mass diffusion and delayed phase dissolution. Herein, we present a high-entropy phase separation design to significantly accelerate the recovery dynamics of these materials. We demonstrate this concept using a thermal-stiffening poly(calcium acrylate)-based copolymer hydrogel by incorporating hydrophilic units. Mechanistically, the hydrophilic units disrupt the dense packing of thermal-stiffening clusters, creating a high-entropy topological structure with a low energy barrier for rapid mass diffusion. This approach retains the impressive thermal-stiffening response with a 760-fold increase in storage modulus, while dramatically reducing the characteristic recovery time to merely 28 s. We anticipate this high-entropy strategy to be broadly applicable in designing modulus-adaptive materials with fast switching dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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8
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Huang Y, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Ionogel Adhesives: From Structural Design to Emerging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2025; 46:e2400973. [PMID: 39950707 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Adhesives are indispensable in both daily household applications and advanced industrial settings, where they must deliver exceptional bonding performance. Ionogel adhesives, which feature a supporting polymer network infused with ionic liquid (IL), have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique structural and functional properties. The presence of ionic species within ionogels promotes non-covalent interactions-such as ionic bonds, ion-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding-that enhance both cohesion within the material and adhesion to various substrates. These characteristics make ionogels ideal for applications that require robust adhesive performance, especially in demanding environments. Despite the growing interest in ionogel adhesives, a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in this area is lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by categorizing ionogel adhesives based on their composition and discussing strategies to enhance their adhesive properties. Additionally, novel ionogel adhesives designed for specific applications are highlighted. Finally, the current state of research is summarized, and offers insights into the challenges and future opportunities for the development of ionogel adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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9
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Li F, Wu K, Zhang X, Fu Y, Sun T, Guo H, Wang X, Guo H, Meng Y. "Frozen" Ionogels with High and Tunable Toughness for Soft Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2500477. [PMID: 39967357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025]
Abstract
As a promising material, ionogels have garnered increasing interest in various applications including flexible electronics and energy storage. However, most existing ionogels suffer from poor mechanical properties. Herein, an effective and universal strategy is reported to toughen ionogels by freezing the polymer network via network design. As a proof of concept, an ionogel is readily prepared by copolymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBA) and ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate (CBA) in the presence of ionic liquid, resulting in a bicontinuous phase-separated structure. The rigid, ionic liquid-free PIBA segments remain frozen at service temperature and serve as a load-bearing phase to toughen ionogels, while the flexible PCBA phases maintain high ionic liquid content. As a result, the mechanical properties of ionogels are noticeably improved, showing high rigidity (48.5 MPa), strength (4.19 MPa), and toughness (8.19 MJ · m-3). Moreover, ionogels also exhibit remarkable thermo-softening performance, strong adhesiveness, high conductivity, shape memory properties, and satisfactory biocompatibility. When used as an ionic skin, the ionogel can not only respond to different deformation but also accurately and consistently detect body motions over long periods. This novel strategy in toughening ionogels can pave the way for the development of various tough and stable ionotronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Kefan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuanmao Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Taolin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Honglei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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10
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Huang X, Li L, Zhu H, Lv T, Tang L, Shentu Z, Li H, Gao T, Zhang K, Hu J, Wang W, Xue B, Lei H, Cao Y. Designing High-Damping, Optically Clear Ionogels through Competitive Binding for Flexible and Impact-Resistant Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:9830-9840. [PMID: 39874299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c19831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Developing damping materials that are both optically transparent and mechanically robust, while offering broad frequency damping capacity, is a significant challenge─particularly for devices that require protection without compromising visual clarity. Conventional methods often either fail to maintain transparency or involve complex designs that are difficult to implement. Here, we present an ionogel system that integrates a physically cross-linked elastic copolymer network with a viscous ionic liquid. The competitive interactions between the ionic liquid and the polymer network enable fine-tuning of the mechanical stability and damping capacity. The resulting ionogel is transparent and mechanically robust and exhibits excellent damping over a wide frequency range. Remarkably, a thin layer (0.15 mm) absorbs nearly 60% of the impact force and retains its performance after exposure to extreme conditions. This approach offers a straightforward method for designing advanced damping materials that meet both the aesthetic and functional demands of modern technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Luofei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoqi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tiancheng Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhexian Shentu
- Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hai Lei
- School of Physics, Institute of Advanced Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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11
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Du Y, Zeng J, Sun Q, Yu S, Yang D, Huang S. Polymerization-induced highly brilliant and color-recordable mechanochromic photonic gels for ink-free patterning. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 679:883-892. [PMID: 39486227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochromic photonic crystals (MPCs) are extremely attractive since they can adjust their structural color by forces. However, the poor color saturation and color-recordability of conventional MPCs significantly limit their practical applications. Herein, a highly brilliant and color-recordable MPC gel (MPCG) has been fabricated by photopolymerizing the liquid photonic crystals with silica particles non-closely packed in acrylate, dichlorobenzene, and oleylamine. Photopolymerization induces elastic gradient non-close-packing structures and thus broad photonic bandgaps (>100 nm), resulting in 1) high color saturation despite possessing a small refractive index contrast (0.06), 2) remarkable mechanochromic properties, including a large wavelength tuning range (228 nm), fast responsiveness (8.8-10.3 nm/ms), and high sensitivity (4.4 nm/kPa), and 3) unconventional color-recordable properties. MPCGs were experimentally proved to be ideal rewritable papers for constructing multicolor and high-resolution patterns in an ink-free way, difficult for traditional MPC-based units. The unique working mechanism of polymerization-induced phase separation and thus continuous swelling and gelation, and precise design of materials and structures are the keys to MPCGs' characteristics. This study paves a new way for constructing advanced stimulus-responsive photonic structures and will promote their applications in printing, display, anti-counterfeiting, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Du
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Yuanpei College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China.
| | - Junjian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Yuanpei College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dongpeng Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, PR China.
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12
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Lu K, Sun Z, Liu J, Huang C, Mao D, Chen H. Empowering soft conductive elastomers with self-reinforcement and remarkable resilience via phase-locking ions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:167-177. [PMID: 39469899 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
Endowing soft and long-range stretchable elastomers with exceptional strength, resilience, and ion-conductivity is crucial for high-performance flexible sensors. However, achieving this entails significant challenges due to intrinsic yet mutually exclusive structural factors. In this work, a series of self-reinforcing ion-conductive elastomers (SRICEs) is thus designed to meet the advanced but challenging requirements. The SRICEs behave like a soft/hard dual-phase separated micro-structure, which is optimized through a straightforward preferential assembly strategy (PAS) to ensure that the subsequently introduced ions are locked in the soft phase. Meanwhile, the interaction between ions and soft segments is meticulously tailored to achieve self-reinforcement through strain-induced crystallization. Consequently, an outstanding ultimate strength of approximately ∼51.0 MPa and an exceptional instant resilient efficiency of ∼92.9% are attained. To the best knowledge of the authors, these are the record-high values achieved simultaneously in one ion-conductive elastomer. Furthermore, the resultant toughness of ∼202.4 MJ m-3 is significantly higher, while the modulus of ∼5.0 MPa is lower than that of most reported robust ion-conductive elastomers. This unique combination of properties makes it suitable for advanced flexible applications, e.g. grid-free position recognition sensors. This work provides guidance for designing soft yet robust ion-conductive elastomers and optimizing their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Zaizheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Jinming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Chengyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymers and Composites, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Dongsheng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Haiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymers and Composites, Ningbo, 315201, China
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13
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Jiang J, Zhao L. Halometallate Ionic Liquid Dynamically Regulates Zwitterionic Hydrogels by Synergistic Multiple‐Bond Networks. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202417688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
AbstractImproving the compatibility between high concentration metallic ions and zwitterions to controllable construction of coordination bonds is critical and extremely challenging. Here, a facile and effective strategy to fabricate multifunctional hydrogels by randomly copolymerizing halometallate ionic liquids (ILs) and zwitterions through electron beam irradiation is reported. Introducing metal ions into ILs can balance charges and establish moderate and stable cross‐linked networks with zwitterions. The synergistic effect of coordination bonds and multiple interactions with varying strengths endows hydrogel with outstanding stretchability, compressive strength, rapid response, advanced self‐healing ability, and excellent frost resistance. The multifunctional sensor assembled from hydrogels can timely, accurately, and stably monitor human movement, write anti‐counterfeiting and remotely transmit Morse code signals. Multiple hydrogel sensors are also assembled into a flexible sensor array to track the tactile trajectory and detect spatial distribution of force. Moreover, the obtained hydrogel displays high temperature sensitivity with resistance temperature coefficient of −3.85% °C−1 at 25–40 °C, which can detect tiny temperature changes (0.1 °C). Interestingly, the processed hydrogel can effectively modulate the transmissivity through salt triggering to achieve patterning. Considering the structural designability of halometallate ILs, this work provides new insights for the development of multifunctional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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14
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Li Q, Zheng S, Liu Z, Li W, Wang X, Cao Q, Yan F. Strong, Spontaneous, and Self-Healing Poly(Ionic Liquid) Elastomer Underwater Adhesive with Borate Ester Dynamic Crosslinking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2413901. [PMID: 39436052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202413901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion in aqueous environments is often hindered by the water layer on the surface of the substrate due to the water sensitivity of the adhesive, greatly limiting the application environment. Here, a borate ester dynamically crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) elastomer adhesive (PIEA) with high strength, toughness, self-healing abilities, and ionic conductivity is synthesized by copolymerizing hydrophobic ionic liquid monomer ([HPVIm][TFSI]) and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA). The adhesion strength of PIEA can increase spontaneously from almost no adhesion to 314 kPa after 12 h without any external preloading due to the dissociation of the borate ester in water, leading to noncovalent interactions between the hydroxyl groups of PIEA and the substrate. Additionally, PIEA can be developed for soft sensors or ion electrodes to enable underwater detection and communication. This strategy offers broad application potential for the development of novel underwater smart adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sijie Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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15
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Xu F, Li H, Li Y. Sea Cucumber-Inspired Polyurethane Demonstrating Record-Breaking Mechanical Properties in Room-Temperature Self-Healing Ionogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2412317. [PMID: 39263735 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202412317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Practical applications of existing self-healing ionogels are often hindered by the trade-off between their mechanical robustness, ionic conductivity, and temperature requirements for their self-healing ability. Herein, this challenge is addressed by drawing inspiration from sea cucumber. A polyurethane containing multiple hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors is synthesized and used to fabricate room-temperature self-healing ionogels with excellent mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity, puncture resistance, and impact resistance. The hard segments of polyurethane, driven by multiple hydrogen bonds, coalesce into hard phase regions, which can efficiently dissipate energy through the reversible disruption and reformation of multiple hydrogen bonds. Consequently, the resulting ionogels exhibit record-high tensile strength and toughness compared to other room-temperature self-healing ionogels. Furthermore, the inherent reversibility of multiple hydrogen bonds within the hard phase regions allows the ionogels to spontaneously and efficiently self-heal damaged mechanical properties and ionic conductivity multiple times at room temperature. To underscore their application potential, these ionogels are employed as electrolytes in the fabrication of electrochromic devices, which exhibit excellent and stable electrochromic performance, repeatable healing ability, and satisfactory impact resistance. This study presents a novel strategy for the fabrication of ionogels with exceptional mechanical properties and room-temperature self-healing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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16
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Li X, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Making Sticky-Slippery Switchable Fluorogels Through Self-Adaptive Bicontinuous Phase Separation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2411273. [PMID: 39400936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Developing gel materials with tunable frictional properties is crucial for applications in soft robotics, anti-fouling, and joint protection. However, achieving reversible switching between extreme sticky and slippery states remains a formidable challenge due to the opposing requirements for energy dissipation on gel surfaces. Herein, a self-adaptive bicontinuous fluorogel is introduced that decouples lubrication and adhesion at varying temperatures. The phase-separated fluorogel comprises a soft fluorinated lubricating phase and a stiff yet thermal-responsive load-bearing phase. At ambient temperature, the fluorogel exhibits a highly slippery surface owing to a low-energy-dissipating lubricating layer, demonstrating an ultralow friction coefficient of 0.004. Upon heating, the fluorogel transitions into a highly dissipating state via hydrogen bond dissociation, concurrently releasing adhesive dangling chains to make the surface highly sticky with an adhesion strength of ≈362 kPa. This approach provides a promising foundation for creating advanced adaptive materials with on-demand self-adhesive and self-lubricating capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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17
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Annapooranan R, Yeerella RH, Chambers RJ, Li C, Cai S. Soft elasticity enabled adhesion enhancement of liquid crystal elastomers on rough surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2412635121. [PMID: 39405355 PMCID: PMC11513982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2412635121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) using liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) that are tolerant to substrate roughness is explored in this work. Traditional soft adhesives are designed by maintaining a balance between their cohesive strength and compliance. However, rough surfaces can significantly affect the adhesion strength of PSAs. Lowering the stiffness of the adhesive by reducing the cross-linking density or using additives can improve contact on rough surfaces. But this also decreases the cohesive strength and affects the overall performance of the adhesive. Additive-free LCE-based adhesives are shown to overcome these challenges due to their unique properties. Soft elasticity of LCE and low cross-link density contribute to their high compliance, while moderate cross-linking provides finite strength. The effect of contact time and substrate roughness on the adhesive performance is evaluated using probe-tack, indentation, lap shear, and static loading experiments. The unique combination of properties offered by LCE can lead to the development of roughness-tolerant adhesives, thereby broadening the application scope of PSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Annapooranan
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Ram Hemanth Yeerella
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Robert J. Chambers
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Chenghai Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
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18
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Xu C, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D, Tang X, Zhang H, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Mechanical Regulation of Polymer Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10435-10508. [PMID: 39284130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer gels devote to emerging devices and machines in fields such as biomedical engineering, flexible bioelectronics, biomimetic actuators, and energy harvesters. Coupling network architectures and interactions has been explored to regulate supportive mechanical characteristics of polymer gels; however, systematic reviews correlating mechanics to interaction forces at the molecular and structural levels remain absent in the field. This review highlights the molecular engineering and structural engineering of polymer gel mechanics and a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of mechanical regulation. Molecular engineering alters molecular architecture and manipulates functional groups/moieties at the molecular level, introducing various interactions and permanent or reversible dynamic bonds as the dissipative energy. Molecular engineering usually uses monomers, cross-linkers, chains, and other additives. Structural engineering utilizes casting methods, solvent phase regulation, mechanochemistry, macromolecule chemical reactions, and biomanufacturing technology to construct and tailor the topological network structures, or heterogeneous modulus compositions. We envision that the perfect combination of molecular and structural engineering may provide a fresh view to extend exciting new perspectives of this burgeoning field. This review also summarizes recent representative applications of polymer gels with excellent mechanical properties. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided from five aspects of concise summary, mechanical mechanism, biofabrication methods, upgraded applications, and synergistic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of materials engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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19
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Ma B, Tang L, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang S. Ionic Gel Electrolytes for Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48927-48936. [PMID: 39238144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Ionic gels are emerging as a promising solution for improving the functionality of electrochromic devices. They are increasingly drawing attention in the fields of electrochemistry and functional materials due to their potential to address issues associated with traditional liquid electrolytes, such as volatility, toxicity, and leakage. In extreme scenarios and/or the design of flexible devices, ionic gel electrolytes offer unique and invaluable advantages. This perspective delves into the application of ionic gels in electrochromic devices, exploring various methods to enhance their performance. After briefly introducing developments in ionic gels for electrochromic devices, the trends and key points of future development are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Liang Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410004, China
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20
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Xu J, Wu B, Hou L, Wu P. Hydrogen Bonding Competition Mediated Phase Separation with Abnormal Moisture-Induced Stiffness Boosting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401164. [PMID: 38700067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Moisture usually deteriorates polymers' mechanical performance owing to its plasticizing effect, causing side effects in their practical load-bearing applications. Herein, a simple binary ionogel consisting of an amphiphilic polymer network and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) is developed with remarkable stiffening effect after moisture absorption, demonstrating a complete contrast to water-induced softening effect of most polymer materials. Such a moisture-induced stiffening behavior is induced by phase separation after hydration of this binary ionogel. Specifically, it is revealed that hydrogen (H)-bonding structures play a dominant role in the humidity-responsive behavior of the ionogel, where water will preferentially interact with polymer chains through H-bonding and break the polymer-IL H-bonds, thus leading to phase separation structures with modulus boosting. This work may provide a facile and effective molecular engineering route to construct mechanically adaptive polymers with water-induced dramatic stiffening for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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21
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Huang Z, Xu L, Liu P, Peng J. Transparent, mechanically robust, conductive, self-healable, and recyclable ionogels for flexible strain sensors and electroluminescent devices. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28234-28243. [PMID: 39234525 PMCID: PMC11372454 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05446f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A mechanically robust, self-healable, and recyclable PVP-based ionogel was achieved through a simple one-pot photoinitiated polymerization process. This ionogel exhibits a combination of excellent properties, including transparency, high mechanical strength, good ionic conductivity, self healability, and recyclability. A wearable resistive strain sensor based on the ionogel is successfully assembled and demonstrated accurate response to human motion. Moreover, a flexible electroluminescent device has been fabricated based on our ionogel, which can maintain optimal luminescence functionality even when subjected to bending. Considering the simple preparation method and excellent applications, we believe that our PVP-based ionogel has promising applications in many fields such as in wearable devices, electronic skin, implantable materials, robotics and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
| | - Liguo Xu
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic Foshan 528333 China
| | - Peijiang Liu
- Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Key Laboratory, The 5th Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Jianping Peng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University Foshan 528000 China
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22
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Yao L, Peng X, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Zhu S. Robust Transient Semi-Glue Tape: Ultrastrong Adhesion Empowered by Water Activation and Self-Locking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405511. [PMID: 38923158 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In adhesive industry, tapes are renowned for their superior flexibility, repeatability, and ease of storage compared to glues. However, conventional adhesive tapes often suffer from low adhesion strength (<500 kPa). This work introduces an innovative adhesive tape composed of an amphiphilic copolymer and a hydrophobic ionic liquid, achieving an ultrahigh adhesion strength of up to 3.1 MPa on various substrates, making a record-high strength to date for tape-type adhesives. This exceptional adhesion performance is facilitated by water droplets applied at the bonding interface, transforming the adhesive surface into a glue-like property without the need for curing treatments or additional auxiliary equipment. By combining the advantageous features of both glues and tapes, these adhesives are termed as transient semi-glue tapes (TSGT). The mechanism behind such water activation and self-locking process is elucidated, and a general preparation approach is developed. Furthermore, the repeatability and recyclability of TSGT are demonstrated, offering an ingenious solution to this long-standing engineering challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - He Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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23
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Dong J, Liu H, Lim T, Oh B, Peng Y, Liu T, Park S, Huang Y. Viscoelastic Adhesive, Super-Conformable, and Semi-Flowable Liquid Metal Eutectogels for High-Fidelity Electrophysiological Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34732-34742. [PMID: 38938185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Integrating gels with human skin through wearables provides unprecedented opportunities for health monitoring technology and artificial intelligence. However, most conductive hydrogels, organogels, and ionogels lack essential environmental stability, biocompatibility, and adhesion for reliable epidermal sensing. In this study, we have developed a liquid metal eutectogel simultaneously possessing superior viscoelasticity, semiflowability, and mechanical rigidity for low interfacial skin impedance, high skin adhesion, and durability. Liquid metal particles (LMPs) are employed to generate free radicals and gallium ions to accelerate the polymerization of acrylic acid monomers in a deep eutectic solvent (DES), obtaining highly viscoelastic polymer networks via physical cross-linking. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) is utilized to encapsulate the LMPs through a sonication-assisted electrostatic assembly to stabilize the LMPs in DES, which also enhances the mechanical toughness and regulates the rheological properties of the eutectogels. Our optimized semi-flowable eutectogel exhibits viscous fluid behavior at low shear rates, facilitating a highly conformable interface with hairy skin. Simultaneously, it demonstrates viscoelastic behavior at high shear rates, allowing for easy peel-off. These distinctive attributes enable the successful applications of on-skin adhesive strain sensing and high-fidelity human electrophysiological (EP) monitoring, showcasing the versatility of these ionically conductive liquid metal eutectogels in advanced personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taesu Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yidong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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24
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Luo L, Wu Z, Ding Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Yu J, Guo H, Tao K, Zhang S, Huo F, Wu J. In Situ Structural Densification of Hydrogel Network and Its Interface with Electrodes for High-Performance Multimodal Artificial Skin. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15754-15768. [PMID: 38830235 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The multisensory responsiveness of hydrogels positions them as promising candidates for artificial skin, whereas the mismatch of modulus between soft hydrogels and hard electrodes as well as the poor adhesion and conductance at the interface greatly impairs the stability of electronics devices. Herein, we propose an in situ postprocessing approach utilizing electrochemical reactions between metals (Zn, etc.) and hydrogels to synergistically achieve strong adhesion of the hydrogel-electrode interface, low interfacial impedance, and local strain isolation due to the structural densification of the hydrogel network. The mechanism is that Zn electrochemically oxidizes to Zn2+ and injects into the hydrogel, gradually forming a mechanically interlocked structure, Zn2+-polymer dual-helix structural nodes, and a high-modulus ZnO from the surface to the interior. Compared to untreated samples, the treated sample displays 8.7 times increased interfacial adhesion energy between the hydrogel and electrode (87 J/m2), 95% decreased interfacial impedance (218.8 Ω), and a high-strain isolation efficiency (εtotal/εisolation > 400). Akin to human skin, the prepared sensor demonstrates multimodal sensing capabilities, encompassing highly sensitive strain perception and simultaneous perception of temperature, humidity, and oxygen content unaffected by strain interference. This easy on-chip preparation of hydrogel-based multimodal sensor array shows great potential for health and environment monitoring as artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Research Center of Flexible Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yibing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai 200050, China
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25
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Zhao J, Liu J, Wang Q, Wei A, Zhang P, Li A, Yu Y. Visual Quantitation of Dopamine-Inspired Fluorescent Adhesion with Orthogonal Phenanthrenequinone Photochemistry. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:788-797. [PMID: 38838345 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying adhesion is crucial for understanding adhesion mechanisms and developing advanced dopamine-inspired materials and devices. However, achieving nondestructive and real-time quantitation of adhesion using optical spectra remains challenging. Here, we present a dopamine-inspired orthogonal phenanthrenequinone photochemistry strategy for the one-step adhesion and real-time visual quantitation of fluorescent spectra. This strategy utilizes phenanthrenequinone-mediated photochemistry to facilitate conjoined network formation in the adhesive through simultaneous photoclick cycloaddition and free-radical polymerization. The resulting hydrogel-like adhesive exhibits good mechanical performance, with a Young's modulus of 300 kPa, a toughness of 750 kJ m-3, and a fracture energy of 4500 J m-2. This adhesive, along with polycyclic aromatic phenanthrenequinones, shows strong adhesion (>100 kPa) and interfacial toughness thresholds (250 J m-2) on diverse surfaces─twice to triple as much as typical dopamine-contained adhesives. Importantly, such an adhesive demonstrates excellent fluorescent performance under UV irradiation, closely correlating with its adhesion strengths. Their fluorescence intensities remain constant after continuous stretching/releasing treatment and even in the dried state. Therefore, this dopamine-inspired orthogonal phenanthrenequinone photochemistry is readily available for real-time and nondestructive visual quantitation of adhesion performance under various conditions. Moreover, the adhesive precursor is chemically ultrastable for more than seven months and achieves adhesion on substrates within seconds upon blue light irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, we leverage the rapid and visual quantitation of adhesion and printability to create fluorescent patterns and structures, showcasing applications in information storage, adhesion prediction, and self-reporting properties. This general and straightforward strategy holds promise for rapidly preparing functional adhesive materials and designing high-performance wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - An Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China 710069
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26
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Zeng X, Liang T, Cheng X, Fan J, Pang Y, Xu J, Sun R, Xia X, Zeng X. Design of Soft/Hard Interface with High Adhesion Energy and Low Interfacial Thermal Resistance via Regulation of Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding Interaction. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6386-6394. [PMID: 38743576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion ability and interfacial thermal transfer capacity at soft/hard interfaces are of critical importance to a wide variety of applications, ranging from electronic packaging and soft electronics to batteries. However, these two properties are difficult to obtain simultaneously due to their conflicting nature at soft/hard interfaces. Herein, we report a polyurethane/silicon interface with both high adhesion energy (13535 J m-2) and low thermal interfacial resistance (0.89 × 10-6 m2 K W-1) by regulating hydrogen interactions at the interface. This is achieved by introducing a soybean-oil-based epoxy cross-linker, which can destroy the hydrogen bonds in polyurethane networks and meanwhile can promote the formation of hydrogen bonds at the polyurethane/silicon interface. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of enhancing adhesion energy and reducing interfacial thermal resistance at soft/hard interfaces, which offers a promising perspective to tailor interfacial properties in various material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinnian Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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27
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Ou X, Pan J, Liu Q, Niu Y, Zhou Y, Yan F. High-Toughness CO 2-Sourced Ionic Polyurea Adhesives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312906. [PMID: 38207115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyurea (PUa) adhesives are renowned for their exceptional adhesion to diverse substrates even in harsh environments. However, the presence of quadruple bidentate intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the polymer chains creates a trade-off between cohesive energy and interfacial adhesive energy. To overcome this challenge, a series of CO2-sourced ionic PUa adhesives with ultratough adhesion to various substrates are developed. The incorporated ionic segments within the adhesive serve to partially mitigate the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions while conferring unique electrostatic interactions, leading to both high cohesive energy and interfacial adhesive energy. The maximum adhesive strength of 10.9 MPa can be attained by ionizing the CO2-sourced PUa using bromopropane and subsequently exchanging the anion with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Additionally, these ionic PUa adhesives demonstrate several desirable properties such as low-temperature stability (-80 °C), resistance to organic solvents and water, high flame retardancy, antibacterial activity, and UV-fluorescence, thereby expanding their potential applications. This study presents a general and effective approach for designing high-strength adhesives suitable for a wide array of uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ji Pan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qinbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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28
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Qiao H, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Entropy-Driven Design of Highly Impact-Stiffening Supramolecular Polymer Networks with Salt-Bridge Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7533-7542. [PMID: 38451015 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Impact-stiffening materials that undergo a strain rate-induced soft-to-rigid transition hold great promise as soft armors in the protection of the human body and equipment. However, current impact-stiffening materials, such as polyborosiloxanes and shear-thickening fluids, often exhibit a limited impact-stiffening response. Herein, we propose a design strategy for fabricating highly impact-stiffening supramolecular polymer networks by leveraging high-entropy-penalty physical interactions. We synthesized a fully biobased supramolecular polymer comprising poly(α-thioctic acid) and arginine clusters, whose chain dynamics are governed by highly specific guanidinium-carboxylate salt-bridge hydrogen bonds. The resulting material exhibits an exceptional impact-stiffening response of ∼2100 times, transitioning from a soft dissipating state (21 kPa, 0.1 Hz) to a highly stiffened glassy state (45.3 MPa, 100 Hz) with increasing strain rates. Moreover, the material's high energy-dissipating and hot-melting properties bring excellent damping performance and easy hybridization with other scaffolds. This entropy-driven approach paves the way for the development of next-generation soft, sustainable, and impact-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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