1
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Polimeno L, Coriolano A, Mastria R, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Fieramosca A, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, Rizzo A, De Marco L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Room Temperature Polariton Condensation from Whispering Gallery Modes in CsPbBr 3 Microplatelets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312131. [PMID: 38632702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature (RT) polariton condensate holds exceptional promise for revolutionizing various fields of science and technology, encompassing optoelectronics devices to quantum information processing. Using perovskite materials, like all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystal, provides additional advantages, such as ease of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with existing semiconductor technologies. In this work, the formation of whispering gallery modes (WGM) in CsPbBr3 single crystals with controlled geometry is shown, synthesized using a low-cost and efficient capillary bridge method. Through the implementation of microplatelets geometry, enhanced optical properties and performance are achieved due to the presence of sharp edges and a uniform surface, effectively avoiding non-radiative scattering losses caused by defects. This allows not only to observe strong light matter coupling and formation of whispering gallery polaritons, but also to demonstrate the onset of polariton condensation at RT. This investigation not only contributes to the advancement of the knowledge concerning the exceptional optical properties of perovskite-based polariton systems, but also unveils prospects for the exploration of WGM polariton condensation within the framework of a 3D perovskite-based platform, working at RT. The unique characteristics of polariton condensate, including low excitation thresholds and ultrafast dynamics, open up unique opportunities for advancements in photonics and optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polimeno
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Coriolano
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Pugliese
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Carmela T Prontera
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio de Giorgi", Universitá del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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2
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Lee I, Melton SR, Xu D, Delor M. Controlling Molecular Photoisomerization in Photonic Cavities through Polariton Funneling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9544-9553. [PMID: 38530932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between photonic modes and molecular electronic excitations, creating hybrid light-matter states called polaritons, is an attractive avenue for controlling chemical reactions. Nevertheless, experimental demonstrations of polariton-modified chemical reactions remain sparse. Here, we demonstrate modified photoisomerization kinetics of merocyanine and diarylethene by coupling the reactant's optical transition with photonic microcavity modes. We leverage broadband Fourier-plane optical microscopy to noninvasively and rapidly monitor photoisomerization within microcavities, enabling systematic investigation of chemical kinetics for different cavity-exciton detunings and photoexcitation conditions. We demonstrate three distinct effects of cavity coupling: first, a renormalization of the photonic density of states, akin to a Purcell effect, leads to enhanced absorption and isomerization rates at certain wavelengths, notably red-shifting the onset of photoisomerization. This effect is present under both strong and weak light-matter couplings. Second, kinetic competition between polariton localization into reactive molecular states and cavity losses leads to a suppression of the photoisomerization yield. Finally, our key result is that in reaction mixtures with multiple reactant isomers, exhibiting partially overlapping optical transitions and distinct isomerization pathways, the cavity resonance can be tuned to funnel photoexcitations into specific reactant isomers. Thus, upon decoherence, polaritons localize into a chosen isomer, selectively triggering the latter's photoisomerization despite initially being delocalized across all isomers. This result suggests that careful tuning of the cavity resonance is a promising avenue to steer chemical reactions and enhance product selectivity in reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sarah R Melton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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3
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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4
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Sokolovskii I, Groenhof G. Non-Hermitian molecular dynamics simulations of exciton-polaritons in lossy cavities. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:092501. [PMID: 38426514 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The observation that materials can change their properties when placed inside or near an optical resonator has sparked a fervid interest in understanding the effects of strong light-matter coupling on molecular dynamics, and several approaches have been proposed to extend the methods of computational chemistry into this regime. Whereas the majority of these approaches have focused on modeling a single molecule coupled to a single cavity mode, changes to chemistry have so far only been observed experimentally when very many molecules are coupled collectively to multiple modes with short lifetimes. While atomistic simulations of many molecules coupled to multiple cavity modes have been performed with semi-classical molecular dynamics, an explicit description of cavity losses has so far been restricted to simulations in which only a very few molecular degrees of freedom were considered. Here, we have implemented an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to explicitly treat cavity losses in large-scale semi-classical molecular dynamics simulations of organic polaritons and used it to perform both mean-field and surface hopping simulations of polariton relaxation, propagation, and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Sokolovskii
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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5
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Vu N, Mejia-Rodriguez D, Bauman NP, Panyala A, Mutlu E, Govind N, Foley JJ. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1214-1227. [PMID: 38291561 PMCID: PMC10876286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Polariton chemistry has attracted great attention as a potential route to modify chemical structure, properties, and reactivity through strong interactions among molecular electronic, vibrational, or rovibrational degrees of freedom. A rigorous theoretical treatment of molecular polaritons requires the treatment of matter and photon degrees of freedom on equal quantum mechanical footing. In the limit of molecular electronic strong or ultrastrong coupling to one or a few molecules, it is desirable to treat the molecular electronic degrees of freedom using the tools of ab initio quantum chemistry, yielding an approach we refer to as ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics, where the photon degrees of freedom are treated at the level of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here, we present an approach called Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction theory to provide ground- and excited-state polaritonic surfaces with a balanced description of strong correlation effects among electronic and photonic degrees of freedom. This method provides a platform for ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics when both strong electron correlation and strong light-matter coupling are important and is an important step toward computational approaches that yield multiple polaritonic potential energy surfaces and couplings that can be leveraged for ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of polariton chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Vu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Daniel Mejia-Rodriguez
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Bauman
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ajay Panyala
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erdal Mutlu
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Foley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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6
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Michail E, Rashidi K, Liu B, He G, Menon VM, Sfeir MY. Addressing the Dark State Problem in Strongly Coupled Organic Exciton-Polariton Systems. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:557-565. [PMID: 38179964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of molecular excited state processes through strong coupling has attracted significant interest for its potential to provide precise control of photochemical phenomena. However, the key limiting factor for achieving this control has been the "dark-state problem", in which photoexcitation populates long-lived reservoir states with energies and dynamics similar to those of bare excitons. Here, we use a sensitive ultrafast transient reflection method with momentum and spectral resolution to achieve the selective excitation of organic exciton-polaritons in open photonic cavities. We show that the energy dispersions of these systems allow us to avoid the parasitic effect of the reservoir states. Under phase-matching conditions, we observe the direct population and decay of polaritons on time scales of less than 100 fs and find that momentum scattering processes occur on even faster time scales. We establish that it is possible to overcome the "dark state problem" through the careful design of strongly coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripidis Michail
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kamyar Rashidi
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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7
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Lee H, Kim YB, Ryu JW, Kim S, Bae J, Koo Y, Jang D, Park KD. Recent progress of exciton transport in two-dimensional semiconductors. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 38102309 PMCID: PMC10724105 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial manipulation of excitonic quasiparticles, such as neutral excitons, charged excitons, and interlayer excitons, in two-dimensional semiconductors offers unique capabilities for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, encompassing photovoltaics, exciton-integrated circuits, and quantum light-emitting systems. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is significantly restricted by the absence of electrical controllability for neutral excitons, short lifetime of charged excitons, and low exciton funneling efficiency at room temperature, which remain a challenge in exciton transport. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest advancements in controlling exciton currents by harnessing the advanced techniques and the unique properties of various excitonic quasiparticles. We primarily focus on four distinct control parameters inducing the exciton current: electric fields, strain gradients, surface plasmon polaritons, and photonic cavities. For each approach, the underlying principles are introduced in conjunction with its progression through recent studies, gradually expanding their accessibility, efficiency, and functionality. Finally, we outline the prevailing challenges to fully harness the potential of excitonic quasiparticles and implement practical exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Baxter JM, Koay CS, Xu D, Cheng SW, Tulyagankhodjaev JA, Shih P, Roy X, Delor M. Coexistence of Incoherent and Ultrafast Coherent Exciton Transport in a Two-Dimensional Superatomic Semiconductor. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10249-10256. [PMID: 37938804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fully leveraging the remarkable properties of low-dimensional semiconductors requires developing a deep understanding of how their structure and disorder affect the flow of electronic energy. Here, we study exciton transport in single crystals of the two-dimensional superatomic semiconductor CsRe6Se8I3, which straddles a photophysically rich yet elusive intermediate electronic-coupling regime. Using femtosecond scattering microscopy to directly image exciton transport in CsRe6Se8I3, we reveal the rare coexistence of coherent and incoherent exciton transport, leading to either persistent or transient electronic delocalization depending on temperature. Notably, coherent excitons exhibit ballistic transport at speeds approaching an extraordinary 1600 km/s over 300 fs. Such fast transport is mediated by J-aggregate-like superradiance, owing to the anisotropic structure and long-range order of CsRe6Se8I3. Our results establish superatomic crystals as ideal platforms for studying the intermediate electronic-coupling regime in highly ordered environments, in this case displaying long-range electronic delocalization, ultrafast energy flow, and a tunable dual transport regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christie S Koay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Petra Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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9
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Tichauer RH, Sokolovskii I, Groenhof G. Tuning the Coherent Propagation of Organic Exciton-Polaritons through the Cavity Q-factor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302650. [PMID: 37818758 PMCID: PMC10667804 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Transport of excitons in organic materials can be enhanced through polariton formation when the interaction strength between these excitons and the confined light modes of an optical resonator exceeds their decay rates. While the polariton lifetime is determined by the Q(uality)-factor of the optical resonator, the polariton group velocity is not. Instead, the latter is solely determined by the polariton dispersion. Yet, experiments suggest that the Q-factor also controls the polariton propagation velocity. To understand this observation, the authors perform molecular dynamics simulations of Rhodamine chromophores strongly coupled to Fabry-Pérot cavities with various Q-factors. The results suggest that propagation in the aforementioned experiments is initially dominated by ballistic motion of upper polariton states at their group velocities, which leads to a rapid expansion of the wavepacket. Cavity decay in combination with non-adiabatic population transfer into dark states, rapidly depletes these bright states, causing the wavepacket to contract. However, because population transfer is reversible, propagation continues, but as a diffusion process, at lower velocity. By controlling the lifetime of bright states, the Q-factor determines the duration of the ballistic phase and the diffusion coefficient in the diffusive regime. Thus, polariton propagation in organic microcavities can be effectively tuned through the Q-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H. Tichauer
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridE‐28049Spain
| | - Ilia Sokolovskii
- Nanoscience Center and Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, 40014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center and Department of ChemistryUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box 35, 40014JyväskyläFinland
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10
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Sokolovskii I, Tichauer RH, Morozov D, Feist J, Groenhof G. Multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations of enhanced energy transfer in organic molecules under strong coupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6613. [PMID: 37857599 PMCID: PMC10587084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exciton transport can be enhanced in the strong coupling regime where excitons hybridize with confined light modes to form polaritons. Because polaritons have group velocity, their propagation should be ballistic and long-ranged. However, experiments indicate that organic polaritons propagate in a diffusive manner and more slowly than their group velocity. Here, we resolve this controversy by means of molecular dynamics simulations of Rhodamine molecules in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Our results suggest that polariton propagation is limited by the cavity lifetime and appears diffusive due to reversible population transfers between polaritonic states that propagate ballistically at their group velocity, and dark states that are stationary. Furthermore, because long-lived dark states transiently trap the excitation, propagation is observed on timescales beyond the intrinsic polariton lifetime. These insights not only help to better understand and interpret experimental observations, but also pave the way towards rational design of molecule-cavity systems for coherent exciton transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Sokolovskii
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Ruth H Tichauer
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.
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11
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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12
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Peruffo N, Bruschi M, Fresch B, Mancin F, Collini E. Identification of Design Principles for the Preparation of Colloidal Plexcitonic Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12793-12806. [PMID: 37641919 PMCID: PMC10501205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal plexcitonic materials (CPMs) are a class of nanosystems where molecular dyes are strongly coupled with colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles, acting as nanocavities that enhance the light field. As a result of this strong coupling, new hybrid states are formed, called plexcitons, belonging to the broader family of polaritons. With respect to other families of polaritonic materials, CPMs are cheap and easy to prepare through wet chemistry methodologies. Still, clear structure-to-properties relationships are not available, and precise rules to drive the materials' design to obtain the desired optical properties are still missing. To fill this gap, in this article, we prepared a dataset with all CPMs reported in the literature, rationalizing their design by focusing on their three main relevant components (the plasmonic nanoparticles, the molecular dyes, and the capping layers) and identifying the most used and efficient combinations. With the help of statistical analysis, we also found valuable correlations between structure, coupling regime, and optical properties. The results of this analysis are expected to be relevant for the rational design of new CPMs with controllable and predictable photophysical properties to be exploited in a vast range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Peruffo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruschi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Fresch
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, via Gradenigo 6/A, 35122 Padova, Italy
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13
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Mondal ME, Koessler ER, Provazza J, Vamivakas AN, Cundiff ST, Krauss TD, Huo P. Quantum dynamics simulations of the 2D spectroscopy for exciton polaritons. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:094102. [PMID: 37655761 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop an accurate and numerically efficient non-adiabatic path-integral approach to simulate the non-linear spectroscopy of exciton-polariton systems. This approach is based on the partial linearized density matrix approach to model the exciton dynamics with explicit propagation of the phonon bath environment, combined with a stochastic Lindblad dynamics approach to model the cavity loss dynamics. Through simulating both linear and polariton two-dimensional electronic spectra, we systematically investigate how light-matter coupling strength and cavity loss rate influence the optical response signal. Our results confirm the polaron decoupling effect, which is the reduced exciton-phonon coupling among polariton states due to the strong light-matter interactions. We further demonstrate that the polariton coherence time can be significantly prolonged compared to the electronic coherence outside the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elious Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Eric R Koessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Justin Provazza
- Quantum Simulation Technologies, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
| | - A Nickolas Vamivakas
- The Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Steven T Cundiff
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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14
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Mandal A, Taylor MA, Weight BM, Koessler ER, Li X, Huo P. Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9786-9879. [PMID: 37552606 PMCID: PMC10450711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
When molecules are coupled to an optical cavity, new light-matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons, are formed due to quantum light-matter interactions. With the experimental demonstrations of modifying chemical reactivities by forming polaritons under strong light-matter interactions, theorists have been encouraged to develop new methods to simulate these systems and discover new strategies to tune and control reactions. This review summarizes some of these exciting theoretical advances in polariton chemistry, in methods ranging from the fundamental framework to computational techniques and applications spanning from photochemistry to vibrational strong coupling. Even though the theory of quantum light-matter interactions goes back to the midtwentieth century, the gaps in the knowledge of molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) have only recently been filled. We review recent advances made in resolving gauge ambiguities, the correct form of different QED Hamiltonians under different gauges, and their connections to various quantum optics models. Then, we review recently developed ab initio QED approaches which can accurately describe polariton states in a realistic molecule-cavity hybrid system. We then discuss applications using these method advancements. We review advancements in polariton photochemistry where the cavity is made resonant to electronic transitions to control molecular nonadiabatic excited state dynamics and enable new photochemical reactivities. When the cavity resonance is tuned to the molecular vibrations instead, ground-state chemical reaction modifications have been demonstrated experimentally, though its mechanistic principle remains unclear. We present some recent theoretical progress in resolving this mystery. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the collective coupling regime between light and matter, where many molecules can collectively couple to a single cavity mode or many cavity modes. We also lay out the current challenges in theory to explain the observed experimental results. We hope that this review will serve as a useful document for anyone who wants to become familiar with the context of polariton chemistry and molecular cavity QED and thus significantly benefit the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael A.D. Taylor
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Braden M. Weight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United
States
| | - Eric R. Koessler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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15
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Palo E, Papachatzakis MA, Abdelmagid A, Qureshi H, Kumar M, Salomäki M, Daskalakis KS. Developing Solution-Processed Distributed Bragg Reflectors for Microcavity Polariton Applications. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:14255-14262. [PMID: 37529668 PMCID: PMC10388359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of organic optoelectronics has been under vigorous research for decades. Recently, polaritonics has been introduced as a technology that has the potential to improve the optical, electrical, and chemical properties of materials and devices. However, polaritons have been mainly studied in optical microcavities that are made by vacuum deposition processes, which are costly, unavailable to many, and incompatible with printed optoelectronics methods. Efforts toward the fabrication of polariton microcavities with solution-processed techniques have been utterly absent. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time strong light-matter coupling and polariton photoluminescence in an organic microcavity consisting of an aluminum mirror and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) made by sequential dip coating of titanium hydroxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) (TiOH/PVA) and Nafion films. To fabricate and develop the solution-processed DBRs and microcavities, we automatized a dip-coating device that allowed us to produce sub-100 nm films consistently over many dip-coating cycles. Owning to the solution-based nature of our DBRs, our results pave the way to the realization of polariton optoelectronic devices beyond physical deposition methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Palo
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Michael A. Papachatzakis
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ahmed Abdelmagid
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hassan Qureshi
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Salomäki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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16
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Abstract
The coherent exchange of energy between materials and optical fields leads to strong light-matter interactions and so-called polaritonic states with intriguing properties, halfway between light and matter. Two decades ago, research on these strong light-matter interactions, using optical cavity (vacuum) fields, remained for the most part the province of the physicist, with a focus on inorganic materials requiring cryogenic temperatures and carefully fabricated, high-quality optical cavities for their study. This review explores the history and recent acceleration of interest in the application of polaritonic states to molecular properties and processes. The enormous collective oscillator strength of dense films of organic molecules, aggregates, and materials allows cavity vacuum field strong coupling to be achieved at room temperature, even in rapidly fabricated, highly lossy metallic optical cavities. This has put polaritonic states and their associated coherent phenomena at the fingertips of laboratory chemists, materials scientists, and even biochemists as a potentially new tool to control molecular chemistry. The exciting phenomena that have emerged suggest that polaritonic states are of genuine relevance within the molecular and material energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hirai
- Division of Photonics and Optical Science, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, North 20 West 10, Kita ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - James A Hutchison
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Masson Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Division of Photonics and Optical Science, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, North 20 West 10, Kita ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee Leuven Belgium
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17
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Xu D, Mandal A, Baxter JM, Cheng SW, Lee I, Su H, Liu S, Reichman DR, Delor M. Ultrafast imaging of polariton propagation and interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3881. [PMID: 37391396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor excitations can hybridize with cavity photons to form exciton-polaritons (EPs) with remarkable properties, including light-like energy flow combined with matter-like interactions. To fully harness these properties, EPs must retain ballistic, coherent transport despite matter-mediated interactions with lattice phonons. Here we develop a nonlinear momentum-resolved optical approach that directly images EPs in real space on femtosecond scales in a range of polaritonic architectures. We focus our analysis on EP propagation in layered halide perovskite microcavities. We reveal that EP-phonon interactions lead to a large renormalization of EP velocities at high excitonic fractions at room temperature. Despite these strong EP-phonon interactions, ballistic transport is maintained for up to half-exciton EPs, in agreement with quantum simulations of dynamic disorder shielding through light-matter hybridization. Above 50% excitonic character, rapid decoherence leads to diffusive transport. Our work provides a general framework to precisely balance EP coherence, velocity, and nonlinear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
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18
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Aroeira GJR, Kairys KT, Ribeiro RF. Theoretical Analysis of Exciton Wave Packet Dynamics in Polaritonic Wires. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5681-5691. [PMID: 37314883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the exciton wave packet evolution in disordered lossless polaritonic wires. Our simulations reveal signatures of ballistic, diffusive, and subdiffusive exciton dynamics under strong light-matter coupling and identify the typical time scales associated with the transitions between these qualitatively distinct transport phenomena. We determine optimal truncations of the matter and radiation subsystems required for generating reliable time-dependent data from computational simulations at an affordable cost. The time evolution of the photonic part of the wave function reveals that many cavity modes contribute to the dynamics in a nontrivial fashion. Hence, a sizable number of photon modes is needed to describe exciton propagation with a reasonable accuracy. We find and discuss an intriguingly common lack of dominance of the photon mode on resonance with matter in both the presence and absence of disorder. We discuss the implications of our investigations for the development of theoretical models and analysis of experiments where coherent intermolecular energy transport and static disorder play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J R Aroeira
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kyle T Kairys
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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19
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Engelhardt G, Cao J. Polariton Localization and Dispersion Properties of Disordered Quantum Emitters in Multimode Microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:213602. [PMID: 37295110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have demonstrated that the strong light-matter coupling in polaritonic microcavities significantly enhances transport. Motivated by these experiments, we have solved the disordered multimode Tavis-Cummings model in the thermodynamic limit and used this solution to analyze its dispersion and localization properties. The solution implies that wave-vector-resolved spectroscopic quantities can be described by single-mode models, but spatially resolved quantities require the multimode solution. Nondiagonal elements of the Green's function decay exponentially with distance, which defines the coherence length. The coherent length is strongly correlated with the photon weight and exhibits inverse scaling with respect to the Rabi frequency and an unusual dependence on disorder. For energies away from the average molecular energy E_{M} and above the confinement energy E_{C}, the coherence length rapidly diverges such that it exceeds the photon resonance wavelength λ_{0}. The rapid divergence allows us to differentiate the localized and delocalized regimes and identify the transition from diffusive to ballistic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Engelhardt
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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20
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Balasubrahmaniyam M, Simkhovich A, Golombek A, Sandik G, Ankonina G, Schwartz T. From enhanced diffusion to ultrafast ballistic motion of hybrid light-matter excitations. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:338-344. [PMID: 36646793 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of excitons and charge carriers in molecular systems can be enhanced by coherent coupling to photons, giving rise to the formation of hybrid excitations known as polaritons. Such enhancement has far-reaching technological implications; however, the enhancement mechanism and the transport nature of these hybrid excitations remain elusive. Here we map the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of polaritons formed by mixing surface-bound optical waves with Frenkel excitons in a self-assembled molecular layer, resolving polariton dynamics in energy/momentum space. We find that the interplay between the molecular disorder and long-range correlations induced by coherent mixing with light leads to a mobility transition between diffusive and ballistic transport, which can be controlled by varying the light-matter composition of the polaritons. Furthermore, we show that coupling to light enhances the diffusion coefficient of molecular excitons by six orders of magnitude and even leads to ballistic flow at two-thirds the speed of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundakumar Balasubrahmaniyam
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Simkhovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adina Golombek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Sandik
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Ankonina
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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22
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Energy cascades in donor-acceptor exciton-polaritons observed by ultrafast two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7305. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExciton-polaritons are hybrid states formed when molecular excitons are strongly coupled to photons trapped in an optical cavity. These systems exhibit many interesting, but not fully understood, phenomena. Here, we utilize ultrafast two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy to study donor-acceptor microcavities made from two different layers of semiconducting carbon nanotubes. We observe the delayed growth of a cross peak between the upper- and lower-polariton bands that is oftentimes obscured by Rabi contraction. We simulate the spectra and use Redfield theory to learn that energy cascades down a manifold of new electronic states created by intermolecular coupling and the two distinct bandgaps of the donor and acceptor. Energy most effectively enters the manifold when light-matter coupling is commensurate with the energy distribution of the manifold, contributing to long-range energy transfer. Our results broaden the understanding of energy transfer dynamics in exciton-polariton systems and provide evidence that long-range energy transfer benefits from moderately-coupled cavities.
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