1
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Davis AN, Parui K, Butala MM, Evans AM. Supramolecular design as a route to high-performing organic electrodes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10142-10154. [PMID: 38669191 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrodes may someday replace transition metals oxides, the current standard in electrochemical energy storage, including those with severe issues of availability, cost, and recyclability. To realize this more sustainable future, a thorough understanding of structure-property relationships and design rules for organic electrodes must be developed. Further, it is imperative that supramolecular interactions between organic species, which are often overlooked, be included in organic electrode design. In this review, we showcase how molecular and polymeric electrodes that host non-covalent interactions outperform materials without these features. Using select examples from the literature, we emphasize how dispersion forces, hydrogen-bonding, and radical pairing can be leveraged to improve the stability, capacity, and energy density of organic electrodes. Throughout this review, we identify potential next-generation designs and opportunities for continued investigation. We hope that this review will serve as a catalyst for collaboration between synthetic chemists and the energy storage community, which we view as a prerequisite to achieving high-performing supramolecular electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani N Davis
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, USA.
| | - Kausturi Parui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Megan M Butala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Srivastava D, Mishra V, Mir SH, Dey J, Singh JK, Chandra M, Gopakumar TG. Large Area Film of Highly Crystalline, Cleavable, and Transferable Semi-Conducting 2D-Imine Covalent Organic Framework on Dielectric Glass Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38815005 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) imine-based covalent organic framework (COF), 2D-COF, is a newly emerging molecular 2D polymer with potential applications in thin film electronics, sensing, and catalysis. It is considered an ideal candidate due to its robust 2D nature and precise tunability of the electronic and functional properties. Herein, we report a scalable facile synthesis of 2D imine-COF with control over film thickness (ranging from 100 nm to a few monolayers) and film dimension reaching up to 2 cm on a dielectric (glass) substrate. Highly crystalline 2D imine polymer films are formed by maintaining a quasi-equilibrium (very slow, ∼15 h) in Schiff base condensation reaction between p-phenylenediamine (PDA) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxaldehyde (TCA) molecules. Free-standing thin and ultrathin films of imine-COF are obtained using sonication exfoliation of 2D-COF polymer. Insights into the microstructure of thin/ultrathin imine-COF are obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which shows high crystallinity and 2D layered structure in both thin and ultrathin films. The chemical nature of the 2D polymer was established using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Optical band gap measurements also reveal a semiconducting gap. This is further established by electronic structure calculation using density functional theory (DFT), which reveals a semiconductor-like band structure with strong dispersion in bands near conduction and valence band edges. The structural characteristics (layered morphology and microscopic structure) of 2D imine-COF show significant potential for its application in thin film device fabrication. In addition, the electronic structure shows strong dispersion in the frontier bands, making it a potential semiconducting material for charge carrier transportation in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vipin Mishra
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Showkat H Mir
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Jyotirban Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Thiruvancheril G Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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3
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Du L, Li X, Lu X, Guo Y. The synthesis strategies of covalent organic frameworks and advances in their application for adsorption of heavy metal and radionuclide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173478. [PMID: 38815828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel type of porous materials, with unique properties, such as large specific surface areas, high porosity, pronounced crystallinity, tunable pore sizes, and easy functionalization, and thus have received considerable attention in recent years. COFs play an essential role in the catalytic degradation, adsorption, and separation of heavy metals, radionuclides. In recent years, considering several outstanding characteristics of COFs, including their good thermal/chemical stability, high crystallinity, and remarkable adsorption capacity, they have been widely used in the removal of various environment pollutants. This review primarily discusses the synthesis strategies of COFs along with their diverse synthesis methods, and provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of recent research advances in the use of COFs for removing heavy metal ions and radionuclides from water bodies. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism of COFs with regard to metal ions was determined by analyzing the structural characteristics of COFs. Finally, the future research directions on COFs adsorb rare earth element was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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4
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Pan WX, Chen L, Li WY, Ma Q, Xiang H, Ma N, Wang X, Jiang Y, Xia F, Zhu M. Scalable Fabrication of Ionic-Conductive Covalent Organic Framework Fibers for Capturing of Sustainable Osmotic Energy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401772. [PMID: 38634168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
High-performance covalent organic framework (COF) fibers are demanded for an efficient capturing of blue osmotic power because of their excellent durability, simple integration, and large scalability. However, the scalable production of COF fibers is still very challenging due to the poor solubility and fragile structure of COFs. Herein, for the first time, it is reported that COF dispersions can be continuously processed into macroscopic, meter-long, and pure COF fibers using a wet spinning approach. The two presented COF fibers can be directly used for capturing of osmotic energy, avoiding the production of composite materials that require other additives and face challenges such as phase separation and environmental issues induced by the additives. A COF fiber exhibits power densities of 70.2 and 185.3 W m-2 at 50-fold and 500-fold salt gradients, respectively. These values outperform those of most reported systems, which indicate the high potential of COF fibers for capturing of blue osmotic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Xiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nanogeomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nanogeomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nanogeomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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5
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Hao W, Sui C, Cheng G, Li J, Miao L, Zhao G, Sang Y, Li J, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Zang Z, Zhao Y, He X, Wang C. Dynamic Insights into the Growth Mechanisms of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks on Graphene Surfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10485-10494. [PMID: 38564695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Producing high-quality two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is crucial for industrial applications. However, this remains significantly challenging with current synthetic techniques. A deep understanding of the intermolecular interactions, reaction temperature, and oligomers is essential to facilitate the growth of highly crystalline COF films. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to explore the growth of 2D COFs from monomer assemblies on graphene. Our results showed that chain growth reactions dominated the COF surface growth and that van der Waals (vdW) interactions were important in enhancing the crystallinity through monomer preorganization. Moreover, appropriately tuning the reaction temperature improved the COF crystallinity and minimized the effects of amorphous oligomers. Additionally, the strength of the interface between the COF and the graphene substrate indicated that the adhesion force was proportional to the crystallinity of the COF. This work reveals the mechanisms for nucleation and growth of COFs on surfaces and provides theoretical guidance for fabricating high-quality 2D polymer-based crystalline nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chao Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Linlin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Guoxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuna Sang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yichen Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zifu Zang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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6
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Park G, Demuth MC, Hendon CH, Park SS. Acid-Dependent Charge Transport in a Solution-Processed 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38603596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The development of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) presents a unique challenge in materials chemistry because it is unclear how to dope them. Here, we demonstrate that the inclusion of pendant amines on hexahydroxytriphenylene linkages results in two-dimensional (2D) polycrystalline frameworks Cu3(HHTATP)2, isostructural to its Cu3(HHTP)2 parent, and exhibits the highest electrical conductivity of 1.21 S/cm among 2D MOFs featuring CuO4 metal nodes. Moreover, the bulk material can be treated with acid, resulting in a protonation-dependent increase in the conductivity. By spin-coating the acidic solution, we fabricated large-area thin films and collectively demonstrated an intuitive route to solution-processable, dopable, conductive MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunchan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Monique C Demuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zuo H, Lyu B, Yao J, Long W, Shi Y, Li X, Hu H, Thomas A, Yuan J, Hou B, Zhang W, Liao Y. Bioinspired Gradient Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Ultrafast and Asymmetric Solvent Transport. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305755. [PMID: 38227620 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Gradients play a pivotal role in membrane technologies, e.g., osmotic energy conversion, desalination, biomimetic actuation, selective separation, and more. In these applications, the compositional gradients are of great relevance for successful function implementation, ranging from solvent separation to smart devices; However, the construction of functional gradient in membranes is still challenging both in scale and directions. Inspired by the specific function-related, graded porous structures in glomerular filtration membranes, a general approach for constructing gradient covalent organic framework membranes (GCOMx) applying poly (ionic liquid)s (PILs) as template is reported here. With graded distribution of highly porous covalent organic framework (COF) crystals along the membrane, GCOMx exhibts an unprecedented asymmetric solvent transport when applying different membrane sides as the solvent feed surface during filtration, leading to a much-enhanced flux (10-18 times) of the "large-to-small" pore flow comparing to the reverse direction, verified by hydromechanical theoretical calculations. Upon systematic experiments, GCOMx achieves superior permeance in nonpolar (hexane ≈260.45 LMH bar-1) and polar (methanol ≈175.93 LMH bar-1) solvents, together with narrow molecular weight cut-off (MWCO, 472 g mol-1) and molecular weight retention onset (MWRO, <182 g mol-1). Interestingly, GCOMx shows significant filtration performance in simulated kidney dialysis, revealing great potential of GCOMx in bionic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baokang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenhua Long
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinghao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technical University of Berlin, Sekretariat BA 2, 4010623, Hardenbergstr, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen's Building, The Parade, Wales CF24 3AA, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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8
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Pan Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Zhang W, Gao H, Liang L, Dong L, Meng H. Membranes based on Covalent Organic Frameworks through Green and Scalable Interfacial Polymerization using Ionic Liquids for Antibiotic Desalination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316315. [PMID: 38030580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes featuring uniform topological structures and devisable functions, show huge potential in water purification and molecular separation. Nevertheless, the inability of uniform COF membranes to be produced on an industrial scale and their nonenvironmentally friendly fabrication method are the bottleneck preventing their industrial applications. Herein, we report a new green and industrially adaptable scraping-assisted interfacial polymerization (SAIP) technique to fabricate scalable and uniform TpPa COF membranes. The process used non-toxic and low-volatility ionic liquids (ILs) as organic phase instead of conventional organic solvents for interfacial synthesis of TpPa COF layer on a support membrane, which can simultaneously achieve the purposes of (i) improving the greenness of membrane-forming process and (ii) fabricating a robust membrane that can function beyond the conventional membranes. This approach yields a large-area, continuous COF membrane (19×25 cm2 ) with a thickness of 78 nm within a brief period of 2 minutes. The resulting membrane exhibited an unprecedented combination of high permeance (48.09 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 ) and antibiotic desalination efficiency (e.g., NaCl/adriamycin separation factor of 41.8), which is superior to the commercial benchmarking membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Institution, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - HaoHao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - ZiQi Huang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - WenHai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Institution, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - HaiQi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Institution, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
| | - LiJun Liang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - LiangLiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Institution, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, China
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9
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Burke DW, Jiang Z, Livingston AG, Dichtel WR. 2D Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Liquid-Phase Molecular Separations: State of the Field, Common Pitfalls, and Future Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300525. [PMID: 37014260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are attractive candidates for next-generation membranes due to their robust linkages and uniform, tunable pores. Many publications have claimed to achieve selective molecular transport through COF pores, but reported performance metrics for similar networks vary dramatically, and in several cases the reported experiments are inadequate to support such conclusions. These issues require a reevaluation of the literature. Published examples of 2D COF membranes for liquid-phase separations can be broadly divided into two categories, each with common performance characteristics: polycrystalline COF films (most >1 µm thick) and weakly crystalline or amorphous films (most <500 nm thick). Neither category has demonstrated consistent relationships between the designed COF pore structure and separation performance, suggesting that these imperfect materials do not sieve molecules through uniform pores. In this perspective, rigorous practices for evaluating COF membrane structures and separation performance are described, which will facilitate their development toward molecularly precise membranes capable of performing previously unrealized chemical separations. In the absence of this more rigorous standard of proof, reports of COF-based membranes should be treated with skepticism. As methods to control 2D polymerization improve, precise 2D polymer membranes may exhibit exquisite and energy efficient performance relevant for contemporary separation challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Membrane Research, Exactmer Limited, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, RM10 7FN, UK
| | - Andrew G Livingston
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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10
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Senarathna MC, Li H, Perera SD, Torres-Correas J, Diwakara SD, Boardman SR, Al-Kharji NM, Liu Y, Smaldone RA. Highly Flexible Dielectric Films from Solution Processable Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312617. [PMID: 37851585 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are known to be a promising class of materials for a wide range of applications, yet their poor solution processability limits their utility in many areas. Here we report a pore engineering method using hydrophilic side chains to improve the processability of hydrazone and β-ketoenamine-linked COFs and the production of flexible, crystalline films. Mechanical measurements of the free-standing COF films of COF-PEO-3 (hydrazone-linked) and TFP-PEO-3 (β-ketoenamine-linked), revealed a Young's modulus of 391.7 MPa and 1034.7 MPa, respectively. The solubility and excellent mechanical properties enabled the use of these COFs in dielectric devices. Specifically, the TFP-PEO-3 film-based dielectric capacitors display simultaneously high dielectric constant and breakdown strength, resulting in a discharged energy density of 11.22 J cm-3 . This work offers a general approach for producing solution processable COFs and mechanically flexible COF-based films, which hold great potential for use in energy storage and flexible electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milinda C Senarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - He Li
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sachini D Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jose Torres-Correas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shashini D Diwakara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Samuel R Boardman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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11
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Wang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Single-crystal polymers (SCPs): from 1D to 3D architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8165-8193. [PMID: 37929665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal polymers (SCPs) with unambiguous chemical structures at atomic-level resolutions have attracted great attention. Obtaining precise structural information of these materials is critical as it enables a deeper understanding of the potential driving forces for specific packing and long-range order, secondary interactions, and kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Such information can ultimately lead to success in controlling the synthesis or engineering of their crystal structures for targeted applications, which could have far-reaching impact. Successful synthesis of SCPs with atomic level control of the structures, especially for those with 2D and 3D architectures, is rare. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of SCPs, including 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures. Solution synthesis, topochemical synthesis, and extreme condition synthesis are summarized and compared. Around 70 examples of SCPs with unambiguous structure information are presented, and their synthesis methods and structural analysis are discussed. This review offers critical insights into the structure-property relationships, providing guidance for the future rational design and bottom-up synthesis of a variety of highly ordered polymers with unprecedented functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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12
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Ju T, Liu M, Shi X, Xiao A, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Chemically Asymmetric Polymers Manipulate the Crystallization of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks to Synthesize Processable Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37976399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanosheets derived from two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are increasingly desirable in various fields. While breakthroughs in the chemical and physical delamination of 2D COFs are rising, precisely regulating the growth of the COF nanosheets has not been realized yet. Herein, we report an effective strategy of polymer-manipulated crystallization to accurately control the growth of COF nanosheets. Chemically asymmetric polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is developed as the manipulator that selectively interacts with the aldehydes and (100) facet to induce anisotropic growth of COFs. The number of PVP constitutional units determines this specific interaction, leading to molecularly thin but thickness-controllable nanosheets with excellent dispersity. We process these nanosheets into robust A4-sized membranes for ultraselective molecular separation. The membrane intercalated with long-chain PVP demonstrates largely improved performance, surpassing the reported COF membranes. This work reports a strategy for anisotropically crystallizing 2D COFs to yield processable nanosheets toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiansong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ankang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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13
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Daum JP, Ajnsztajn A, Iyengar SA, Lowenstein J, Roy S, Gao GH, Tsai EHR, Ajayan PM, Verduzco R. Solutions Are the Problem: Ordered Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21411-21419. [PMID: 37871166 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of crystalline polymer networks that are useful due to their high porosity, versatile functionality, and tunable architecture. Conventional solution-based methods of producing COFs are marred by slow reactions that produce powders that are difficult to process into adaptable form factors for functional applications, and there is a need for facile and fast synthesis techniques for making crystalline and ordered covalent organic framework (COF) thin films. In this work, we report a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach utilizing co-evaporation of two monomers onto a heated substrate to produce highly crystalline, defect-free COF films and coatings with hydrazone, imine, and ketoenamine COF linkages. This all-in-one synthesis technique produces highly crystalline, 40 nm-1 μm-thick COF films on Si/SiO2 substrates in less than 30 min. Crystallinity and alignment were proven by using a combination of grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and successful conversion of the monomers to produce the target COF was supported by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis measurements. Additionally, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the growth mechanisms of these films, showing the coalescence of triangular crystallites into a smooth film. To show the wide applicability and scope of the CVD process, we also prepared crystalline ordered COF films with imine and ketoenamine linkages. These films show potential as high-quality size exclusion membranes, catalytic platforms, and organic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Daum
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alec Ajnsztajn
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sathvik Ajay Iyengar
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob Lowenstein
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guan-Hui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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14
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Liu X, Li H, Zhang W, Yang Z, Li D, Liu M, Jin K, Wang L, Yu G. Magnetoresistance in Organic Spin Valves Based on Acid-Exfoliated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Thin Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308921. [PMID: 37668952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a burgeoning class of crystalline porous materials, have made significant progress in their application to optoelectronic devices such as field-effect transistors, memristors, and photodetectors. However, the insoluble features of microcrystalline two-dimensional (2D) COF powders limit development of their thin film devices. Additionally, the exploration of spin transport properties in this category of π-conjugated skeleton materials remains vacant thus far. Herein, an imine-linked 2D Py-Np COF nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 4,4',4'',4'''-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline and naphthalene-2,6-dicarbaldehyde. Then, we prepared a large-scale free-standing Py-Np COF film via a top-down strategy of chemically assisted acid exfoliation. Moreover, high-quality COF films acted as active layers were transferred onto ferromagnetic La0.67 Sr0.33 MnO3 (LSMO) electrodes for the first attempt to fabricate organic spin valves (OSVs) based on 2D COF materials. This COF-based OSV device with a configuration of LSMO/Py-Np COF/Co/Au demonstrated a remarkable magnetoresistance (MR) value up to -26.5 % at 30 K. Meanwhile, the MR behavior of the COF-based OSVs exhibited a highly temperature dependence and operational stability. This work highlights the enormous application prospects of 2D COFs in organic spintronics and provides a promising approach for developing electronic and spintronic devices based on acid-exfoliated COF thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Qin Y, Zhu X, Huang R. Covalent organic frameworks: linkage types, synthetic methods and bio-related applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6942-6976. [PMID: 37750827 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of small organic molecules linked via covalent bonds, which have tunable mesoporous structure, good biocompatibility and functional diversities. These excellent properties make COFs a promising candidate for constructing biomedical nanoplatforms and provide ample opportunities for nanomedicine development. A systematic review of the linkage types and synthesis methods of COFs is of indispensable value for their biomedical applications. In this review, we first summarize the types of various linkages of COFs and their corresponding properties. Then, we highlight the reaction temperature, solvent and reaction time required by different synthesis methods and show the most suitable synthesis method by comparing the merits and demerits of various methods. To appreciate the cutting-edge research on COFs in bioscience technology, we also summarize the bio-related applications of COFs, including drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging, biosensing and antimicrobial applications. We hope to provide insight into the interdisciplinary research on COFs and promote the development of COF nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rongqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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16
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Zhang J, Cheng C, Guan L, Jiang HL, Jin S. Rapid Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks with a Controlled Morphology: An Emulsion Polymerization Approach via the Phase Transfer Catalysis Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21974-21982. [PMID: 37779433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with a periodic network of permanent porosity and ordered structures have witnessed enormous potential in many applications. However, the synthesis of COFs with controllable morphologies under mild conditions remains a critical issue. Herein, we report a novel strategy to synthesize β-ketoenamine-linked COFs by emulsion polymerization via phase transfer catalysis for the first time. This new approach employs commercially available pyridinium surfactants as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, which function as both catalysts and morphological regulators. By controlling the interfacial interaction in the emulsion, the TpPa-COF can be prepared into different morphologies, i.e., spheres, bowls, and fibers. Furthermore, the COF emulsion can be directly used to prepare a film by applying an electric field, providing a new route to prepare COF films. This phase transfer catalysis method also allows the synthesis of the TpPa-COF on a gram scale. The strategy is fast, facile, and effective in improving the morphology and particle size, providing a prospective route for the green preparation of functional COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lijiang Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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17
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Haldar S, Schneemann A, Kaskel S. Covalent Organic Frameworks as Model Materials for Fundamental and Mechanistic Understanding of Organic Battery Design Principles. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307595 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as advanced electrodes in polymer batteries. COFs provide ideal molecular precision for understanding redox mechanisms and increasing the theoretical charge-storage capacities. Furthermore, the functional groups on the pore surface of COFs provide highly ordered and easily accessible interaction sites, which can be modeled to establish a synergy between ex situ/in situ mechanism studies and computational methods, permitting the creation of predesigned structure-property relationships. This perspective integrates and categorizes the redox functionalities of COFs, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanistic investigation of guest ion interactions in batteries. Additionally, it highlights the tunable electronic and structural properties that influence the activation of redox reactions in this promising organic electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattwick Haldar
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Dresden 01277, Germany
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18
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Kuspanov Z, Baglan B, Baimenov A, Issadykov A, Yeleuov M, Daulbayev C. Photocatalysts for a sustainable future: Innovations in large-scale environmental and energy applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163914. [PMID: 37149164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing environmental and energy crises have prompted researchers to seek new solutions, including large-scale photocatalytic environmental remediation and the production of solar hydrogen using photocatalytic materials. To achieve this goal, scientists have developed numerous photocatalysts with high efficiency and stability. However, the large-scale application of photocatalytic systems under real-world conditions is still limited. These limitations arise at every step, including the large-scale synthesis and deposition of photocatalyst particles on a solid support, and the development of an optimal design with high mass transfer and efficient photon absorption. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed description of the primary challenges and potential solutions encountered in scaling up photocatalytic systems for use in large-scale water and air purification and solar hydrogen production. Additionally, based on a review of current pilot developments, we draw conclusions and make comparisons regarding the main operating parameters that affect performance, as well as propose strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengisbek Kuspanov
- Satbayev University, 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Bakbolat Baglan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alzhan Baimenov
- Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidos Issadykov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhtar Yeleuov
- Satbayev University, 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Chingis Daulbayev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan; National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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19
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Zhang H, He X, Wang H, Chen L, Xu G, Zhang N, Qu K, He Q, Peng Y, Pan J. In situgrowth strategy to construct perovskite quantum dot@covalent organic framework composites with enhanced water stability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245601. [PMID: 36881878 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc1ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have excellent optoelectronic properties; however, their poor stability under water or thermal conditions remains an obstacle to commercialization. Here, we used a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) to enhance the ability of a covalent organic framework (COF) to adsorb lead ions and grow CH3NH3PbBr3(MAPbBr3) QDsin situinto a mesoporous carboxyl-functionalized COF to construct MAPbBr3QDs@COF core-shell-like composites to improve the stability of perovskites. Owing to the protection of the COF, the as-prepared composites exhibited enhanced water stability, and the characteristic fluorescence was maintained for more than 15 d. These MAPbBr3QDs@COF composites can be used to fabricate white light-emitting diodes with a color comparable to natural white emission. This work demonstrates the importance of functional groups for thein situgrowth of perovskite QDs, and coating with a porous structure is an effective way to improve the stability of metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaopeng Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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20
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Jin F, Wang T, Zheng H, Lin E, Zheng Y, Hao L, Wang T, Chen Y, Cheng P, Yu K, Zhang Z. Bottom-Up Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Quasi-Three-Dimensional Integrated Architecture via Interlayer Cross-Linking. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6507-6515. [PMID: 36908113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing strategies to enhance the structural robustness of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is of great importance. Here, we rationally design and synthesize a class of cross-linked COFs (CCOFs), in which the two-dimensional (2D) COF layers are anchored and connected by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or alkyl chains through covalent bonds. The bottom-up fabrication of these CCOFs is achieved by the condensation of cross-linked aldehyde monomers and tritopic amino monomers. All the synthesized CCOFs possess high crystallinity and porosity, and enhanced structural robustness surpassing the typical 2D COFs, which means that they cannot be exfoliated under ultrasonication and grinding due to the cross-linking effect. Furthermore, the cross-linked patterns of PEG units are uncovered by experimental results and Monte Carlo molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that all CCOFs are dominated by vertical cross-layer (interlayer) connections (clearly observed in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images), allowing them to form quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) structures. This work bridges the gap between 2D COFs and 3D COFs and provides an efficient way to improve the interlayered stability of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazheng Jin
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tonghai Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - En Lin
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liqin Hao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kuang Yu
- Institute of Materials Research (iMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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21
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Shah R, Ali S, Raziq F, Ali S, Ismail PM, Shah S, Iqbal R, Wu X, He W, Zu X, Zada A, Adnan, Mabood F, Vinu A, Jhung SH, Yi J, Qiao L. Exploration of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for energy-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Huang T, Jiang H, Douglin JC, Chen Y, Yin S, Zhang J, Deng X, Wu H, Yin Y, Dekel DR, Guiver MD, Jiang Z. Single Solution-Phase Synthesis of Charged Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with High Volume Yield. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202209306. [PMID: 36395246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF-NSs) are emerging building blocks for functional materials, and their scalable fabrication is highly desirable. Current synthetic methods suffer from low volume yields resulting from confined on-surface/at-interface growth space and complex multiple-phase synthesis systems. Herein, we report the synthesis of charged COF-NSs in open space using a single-phase organic solution system, achieving magnitudes higher volume yields of up to 18.7 mg mL-1 . Charge-induced electrostatic repulsion forces enable in-plane anisotropic secondary growth from initial discrete and disordered polymers into large and crystalline COF-NSs. The charged COF-NS colloidal suspensions are cast into thin and compact proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with lamellar morphology and oriented crystallinity, displaying outstanding proton conductivity, negligible dimensional swelling, and good H2 /O2 fuel cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haifei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - John C Douglin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuoyao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Khalil S, Meyer MD, Alazmi A, Samani MHK, Huang PC, Barnes M, Marciel AB, Verduzco R. Enabling Solution Processable COFs through Suppression of Precipitation during Solvothermal Synthesis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20964-20974. [PMID: 36413762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, nanoporous materials of interest for various applications, but current COF synthetic routes lead to insoluble aggregates which precludes processing for practical implementation. Here, we report a COF synthesis method that produces a stable, homogeneous suspension of crystalline COF nanoparticles that enables the preparation of COF monoliths, membranes, and films using conventional solution-processing techniques. Our approach involves the use of a polar solvent, diacid catalyst, and slow reagent mixing procedure at elevated temperatures which altogether enable access to crystalline COF nanoparticle suspension that does not aggregate or precipitate when kept at elevated temperatures. On cooling, the suspension undergoes a thermoreversible gelation transition to produce crystalline and highly porous COF materials. We further show that the modified synthesis approach is compatible with various COF chemistries, including both large- and small-pore imine COFs, hydrazone-linked COFs, and COFs with rhombic and hexagonal topologies, and in each case, we demonstrate that the final product has excellent crystallinity and porosity. The final materials contain both micro- and macropores, and the total porosity can be tuned through variation of sample annealing. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the presence of COF nanoparticles that grow with time at room temperature, transitioning from a homogeneous suspension to a gel. Finally, we prepare imine COF membranes and measure their rejection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and oligomers, and these measurements exhibit size-dependent rejection and adsorption of PEG solutes. This work demonstrates a versatile processing strategy to create crystalline and porous COF materials using solution-processing techniques and will greatly advance the development of COFs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Khalil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abdullah Alazmi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mohammad H K Samani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Morgan Barnes
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amanda B Marciel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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24
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Natraj A, Ji W, Xin J, Castano I, Burke DW, Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Ateia M, Hamachi LS, Gianneschi NC, ALOthman ZA, Sun J, Yusuf K, Dichtel WR. Single-Crystalline Imine-Linked Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Separate Benzene and Cyclohexane Efficiently. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19813-19824. [PMID: 36265086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of structurally precise, permanently porous, layered macromolecular sheets, which are traditionally synthesized as polycrystalline solids with crystalline domain lengths smaller than 100 nm. Here, we polymerize imine-linked 2D COFs as suspensions of faceted single crystals in as little as 5 min at moderate temperature and ambient pressure. Single crystals of two imine-linked 2D COFs were prepared, consisting of a rhombic 2D COF (TAPPy-PDA) and a hexagonal 2D COF (TAPB-DMPDA). The sizes of TAPPy-PDA and TAPB-DMPDA crystals were tuned from 720 nm to 4 μm and 450 nm to 20 μm in width, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the COF crystals consist of layered, 2D polymers comprising single-crystalline domains. Continuous rotation electron diffraction resolved the unit cell and crystal structure of both COFs, which are single-crystalline in the a-b plane but disordered in the stacking c dimension. Single crystals of both COFs were incorporated into gas chromatography separation columns and exhibited unusual selective retention of cyclohexane over benzene, with single-crystalline TAPPy-PDA significantly outperforming single-crystalline TAPB-DMPDA. Polycrystalline TAPPy-PDA exhibited no separation, while polycrystalline TAPB-DMPDA exhibited poor separation and the opposite order of elution, retaining benzene more than cyclohexane, indicating the importance of improved material quality for COFs to exhibit properties that derive from their precise, crystalline structures. This work represents the first example of synthesizing imine-linked 2D COF single crystals at ambient pressure and short reaction times and demonstrates the promise of high-quality COFs for molecular separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Natraj
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junjie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kareem Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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25
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Wang Y, Guo B, Yang T, Zhang Z, Liang L, Ding S, Wang W. Modulated Synthesis of Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Films. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200961. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - San‐Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
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26
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Li X, Shigemitsu H, Goto T, Kida T, Sekino T, Fujitsuka M, Osakada Y. Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks synthesized using acid-assisted exfoliation for improved bactericidal efficacy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2992-2995. [PMID: 36133516 PMCID: PMC9417065 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks (CONs) were synthesized by exfoliating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in acidic aqueous solutions at pH 4. The synthesized CONs showed remarkable bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli owing to enhanced generation of singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Li
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomoyo Goto
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tohru Sekino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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27
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In-situ fabricated covalent organic frameworks-polyamide hybrid membrane for highly efficient molecular separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Yao L, Rodríguez-Camargo A, Xia M, Mücke D, Guntermann R, Liu Y, Grunenberg L, Jiménez-Solano A, Emmerling ST, Duppel V, Sivula K, Bein T, Qi H, Kaiser U, Grätzel M, Lotsch BV. Covalent Organic Framework Nanoplates Enable Solution-Processed Crystalline Nanofilms for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10291-10300. [PMID: 35657204 PMCID: PMC9204765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are coming of age, the lack of effective approaches to achieve crystalline and centimeter-scale-homogeneous COF films remains a significant bottleneck toward advancing the application of COFs in optoelectronic devices. Here, we present the synthesis of colloidal COF nanoplates, with lateral sizes of ∼200 nm and average heights of 35 nm, and their utilization as photocathodes for solar hydrogen evolution. The resulting COF nanoplate colloid exhibits a unimodal particle-size distribution and an exceptional colloidal stability without showing agglomeration after storage for 10 months and enables smooth, homogeneous, and thickness-tunable COF nanofilms via spin coating. Photoelectrodes comprising COF nanofilms were fabricated for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-to-hydrogen conversion. By rationally designing multicomponent photoelectrode architectures including a polymer donor/COF heterojunction and a hole-transport layer, charge recombination in COFs is mitigated, resulting in a significantly increased photocurrent density and an extremely positive onset potential for PEC hydrogen evolution (over +1 V against the reversible hydrogen electrode), among the best of classical semiconductor-based photocathodes. This work thus paves the way toward fabricating solution-processed large-scale COF nanofilms and heterojunction architectures and their use in solar-energy-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yao
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Camargo
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meng Xia
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Mücke
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Grunenberg
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Solano
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Emmerling
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany.,E-Conversion and Center for Nanoscience, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, Garching bei München, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.,E-Conversion and Center for Nanoscience, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, Garching bei München, 85748 Munich, Germany
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29
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Ying Y, Peh SB, Yang H, Yang Z, Zhao D. Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Membranes via a Multi-Interfacial Engineering Strategy for Gas Separation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104946. [PMID: 34535914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising membrane materials due to their high porosity, ordered arrangements, and high stability. However, the relatively large pore size and complicated membrane preparation processes of COFs limit their applications in sieving small gas molecules, even at a lab scale. Herein, a multi-interfacial engineering strategy is proposed, that is, direct layer-by-layer interfacial reaction of two COFs (TpPa-SO3 H and TpTGCl ) with different pore sizes to form narrowed apertures at the COF-COF interfaces atop a relatively large-pore COF (COF-LZU1) film. At 423 K, one fabricated 155 nm-thick ultrathin COF membrane displays H2 permeance as high as 2163 gas permeation units (GPU) and a H2 /CO2 selectivity of 26, transcending the 2008 Robeson upper bound. This strategy not only provides high-performance membrane candidates for H2 separation, but also enlightens the interfacial engineering and pore engineering manipulation for other COFs, porous polymers, and their membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpan Ying
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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30
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Yang C, Wu J, Hu W. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthetic Strategies to Advanced Optical-Electrical-Magnetic Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102290. [PMID: 35052010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of organic crystalline polymers with highly oriented structures and permanent porosity, can adopt 2D or 3D architectures depending on the different topological diagrams of the monomers. Notably, 2D COFs have particularly gained much attention due to the extraordinary merits of their extended in-plane π-conjugation and topologically ordered columnar π-arrays. These properties together with high crystallinity, large surface area, and tunable porosity distinguish 2D COFs as an ideal candidate for the fabrication of functional materials. Herein, this review surveys the recent research advances in 2D COFs with special emphasis on the preparation of 2D COF powders, single crystals, and thin films, as well as their advanced optical, electrical, and magnetic functionalities. Some challenging issues and potential research outlook for 2D COFs are also provided for promoting their development in terms of structure, synthesis, and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyong Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chenhuai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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31
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Kim SW, Chung S, Han GF, Seo JM, Noh HJ, Kim SJ, Jeon JP, Lee E, Kang B, Mahmood J, Cho K, Baek JB. Solution-Processable Semiconducting Conjugated Planar Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14588-14595. [PMID: 35311266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of graphene in the material science field, top-down and bottom-up studies to develop semiconducting organic materials with layered structures became highly active. However, most of them have suffered from poor processability, which hampers device fabrication and frustrates practical applications. Here, we suggest an unconventional approach to fabricating semiconducting devices, which avoids the processability issue. We designed a soluble amorphous network using a solution process to form a thin film on a substrate. We then employed heat treatment to develop a flattened organic structure in the thin film, as an active layer for organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). The fabricated TFTs showed good performance in both horizontal and vertical charge transport, suggesting a versatile and useful approach for the development of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Wook Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Gao-Feng Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), Gumi 39248, South Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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32
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Wang X, Shi B, Yang H, Guan J, Liang X, Fan C, You X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wu H, Cheng T, Zhang R, Jiang Z. Assembling covalent organic framework membranes with superior ion exchange capacity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1020. [PMID: 35197451 PMCID: PMC8866435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOFMs) hold great promise in ion conduction-relevant applications because the high content and monodispersed ionic groups could afford superior ion conduction. The key to push the upper limit of ion conductivity is to maximize the ion exchange capacity (IEC). Here, we explore iCOFMs with a superhigh ion exchange capacity of 4.6 mmol g−1, using a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy. Fukui function is employed as a descriptor of monomer reactivity. We use Brønsted acid to activate aldehyde monomers in organic phase and Brønsted base to activate ionic amine monomers in water phase. After the dual-activation, the reaction between aldehyde monomer and amine monomer at the water-organic interface is significantly accelerated, leading to iCOFMs with high crystallinity. The resultant iCOFMs display a prominent proton conductivity up to 0.66 S cm−1, holding great promise in ion transport and ionic separation applications. Covalent organic framework-based membranes are highly tunable materials with potential use in a variety of applications. Here the authors report a dual-activation interfacial polymerization strategy to prepare ionic covalent organic framework membranes with high ion exchange capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinda You
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Runnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, 350207, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, China.
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33
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Gan SX, Jia C, Qi QY, Zhao X. A facile and scalable synthetic method for covalent organic nanosheets: ultrasonic polycondensation and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1009-1015. [PMID: 35211266 PMCID: PMC8790797 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF NSs or CONs), as compared to their bulk counterparts two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), exhibit superior performance in many aspects due to their fully accessible active sites benefiting from their ultrathin porous 2D structures. The development of a scalable synthetic methodology for CONs is crucial to further exploration of their unique properties and practical applications. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to fabricate ultrathin CONs through direct polycondensation of monomers under ultrasonic treatment and mild conditions. This method is facile and scalable, which is demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis of two ultrathin 2D CONs in several hours. Moreover, the as-prepared ultrathin CONs show excellent heterogeneous photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants (dyes as representatives), remarkably superior to the bulk COFs prepared from the corresponding monomers under solvothermal conditions. This research provides a new roadmap for the scalable and facile synthesis of ultrathin CONs, which is of paramount importance for fully exploring the tremendous potential of this emerging type of 2D material. We develop a strategy to efficiently fabricate ultrathin covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) through direct polycondensation of monomers under ultrasonic treatment. The CONs exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic pollutants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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34
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Han S, Mai Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhu J, Shen J, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Covalent Organic Framework-Mediated Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Membranes toward Precise Ion Sieving. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3427-3436. [PMID: 34989545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have evinced a potential solution that promises for fast and efficient molecular separation due to the presence of orderly arranged pores and regulable pore apertures. Herein, the synthesized COF (TPB-DMTP-COF) with the pore aperture matching the pore size of the nanofiltration (NF) membrane was utilized to modulate the physicochemical characters of the polyamide (PA) membranes. It is demonstrated that COFs with superior polymer affinity and hydrophilicity not only circumvent the nonselective interfacial cavities but also improve the hydrophilicity of the resultant thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. Furthermore, the predeposited COF layer is able to slow down the diffusion rate toward the reaction boundary through hydrogen bonding, which is consistent with the results of molecular dynamic (MD) and dissipative particle dynamic (DPD) simulations. In this context, COF-modulated TFN membranes show a roughened and thickened surface with bubble-shaped structures in contrast to the nodular structure of original polyamide membranes. Combined with the introduced in-plane pores of COFs, the resultant TFN membranes display a significantly elevated water permeance of 35.7 L m2 h-1 bar-1, almost 4-fold that of unmodified polyamide membranes. Furthermore, the selectivity coefficient of Cl-/SO42- for COF-modulated TFN membranes achieves a high value of 84 mainly related to the enhanced charge density, far exceeding the traditional NF membranes. This work is considered to provide a guideline of exploring hydrophilic COFs as an interlayer for constructing highly permeable membranes with precise ion-sieving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqiao Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaohuan Mai
- Institute of Energy Conversion, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Changdong Rd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junyong Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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35
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Miller KA, Alemany LB, Roy S, Yan Q, Demingos PG, Singh CV, Alahakoon S, Egap E, Thomas EL, Ajayan PM. High-Strength, Microporous, Two-Dimensional Polymer Thin Films with Rigid Benzoxazole Linkage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1861-1873. [PMID: 34978172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) rigid polymers provide an opportunity to translate the high-strength, high-modulus mechanical performance of classic rigid-rod 1D polymers across a plane by extending covalent bonding into two dimensions while simultaneously reducing density due to microporosity by structural design. Thus far, this potential has remained elusive because of the challenge of producing high-quality 2D polymer thin films, particularly those with irreversible, rigid benzazole linkages. Here, we present a facile two-step process that allows the deposition of a uniform intermediate film network via reversible, non-covalent interactions, followed by a subsequent solid-state annealing step that facilitates the irreversible conversion to a 2D covalently bonded polymer product with benzoxazole linkages. We demonstrate the versatility of this synthesis method by producing films with four different aromatic core units. The resulting films show microporosity and anisotropy with a 2D layered structure that can be exfoliated into few-layer nanosheets using a freeze-thaw method. These films have promising mechanical properties with an in-plane ultimate tensile strength of nearly 40 MPa and axial tensile and transverse compressive elastic moduli on the scale of several GPa, rivaling the performance of solution-cast films of 1D polybenzoxazole, as well as several other 1D high-strength polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Miller
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lawrence B Alemany
- Department of Chemistry and Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pedro Guerra Demingos
- Department wof Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department wof Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Sampath Alahakoon
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Edwin L Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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36
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Zhu Y, Xu P, Zhang X, Wu D. Emerging porous organic polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1377-1414. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in porous organic polymers for diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biomacromolecule immobilization, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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37
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Wang J, Wang K, Xu Y. Emerging Two-Dimensional Covalent and Coordination Polymers for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries: From Liquid to Solid. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19026-19053. [PMID: 34842431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and low electrochemical potential (-3.040 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). Lithium metal can be coupled with various cathodes to construct high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) which hold great promise for next-generation batteries. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and the uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth severely hinder the commercial development of LMAs. The emerging 2D polymers (2DPs), which possess high mechanical flexibility, high specific surface area, abundant surface chemistry, and rich chemical modification characteristics, have shown great advantages in addressing the inherent issues of LMAs. Herein, the current progress of 2DPs for stable and dendrite-free LMAs in liquid- and solid-based batteries is comprehensively reviewed. Some perspectives for the application of 2DPs in LMBs are also discussed. It is believed that the emerging 2DPs will provide insights into developing high-energy-density LMBs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Northeast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kaixi Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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38
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Ji W, Hamachi LS, Natraj A, Flanders NC, Li RL, Chen LX, Dichtel WR. Solvothermal depolymerization and recrystallization of imine-linked two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16014-16022. [PMID: 35024124 PMCID: PMC8672728 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding into the formation and growth of imine-linked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is needed to improve their materials quality and access larger crystallite sizes, both of which limit the promise of 2D COFs and 2D polymerization techniques. Here we report a previously unknown temperature-dependent depolymerization of colloidal 2D imine-linked COFs, which offers a new means to improve their crystallinity. 2D COF colloids form at room temperature but then depolymerize when their reaction mixtures are heated to 90 °C. As the solutions are cooled back to room temperature, the 2D COFs repolymerize and crystallize with improved crystallinity and porosity, as characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and N2 porosimetry. The evolution of COF crystallinity during the solvothermal depolymerization and repolymerization processes was characterized by in situ wide angle X-ray scattering, and the concentrations of free COF monomers as a function of temperature were quantified by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The ability of a 2D COF to depolymerize under these conditions depends on both the identity of the COF and its initial materials quality. For one network formed at room temperature (TAPB-PDA COF), a first depolymerization process is nearly complete, and the repolymerization yields materials with dramatically enhanced crystallinity and surface area. Already recrystallized materials partially depolymerize upon heating their reaction mixtures a second time. A related 2D COF (TAPB-DMTA COF) forms initially with improved crystallinity compared to TAPB-PDA COF and then partially depolymerizes upon heating. These results suggest that both high materials quality and network-dependent properties, such as interlayer interaction strength, influence the extent to which 2D COFs resist depolymerization. These findings offer a new means to recrystallize or solvent anneal 2D COFs and may ultimately inform crystallization conditions for obtaining large-area imine-linked two-dimensional polymers from solution. Conditions for which imine-linked 2D COF polymerizations are temperature-sensitive are identified that enable a dissolution/repolymerization process akin to molecular recrystallization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California 93407 USA
| | - Anusree Natraj
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C Flanders
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Rebecca L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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39
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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40
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Khan NA, Wu H, Jinqiu Y, Mengyuan W, Yang P, Long M, Rahman AU, Ahmad NM, Zhang R, Jiang Z. Incorporating covalent organic framework nanosheets into polyamide membranes for efficient desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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41
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Strauss MJ, Hwang I, Evans AM, Natraj A, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Castano I, Roesner EK, Choi JW, Dichtel WR. Lithium-Conducting Self-Assembled Organic Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17655-17665. [PMID: 34648256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are compelling platforms for the design of stimuli-responsive materials with emergent functions. Here, we report the assembly of an amphiphilic nanotube for Li-ion conduction that exhibits high ionic conductivity, mechanical integrity, electrochemical stability, and solution processability. Imine condensation of a pyridine-containing diamine with a triethylene glycol functionalized isophthalaldehyde yields pore-functionalized macrocycles. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in solvo X-ray diffraction reveal that macrocycle protonation during their mild synthesis drives assembly into high-aspect ratio (>103) nanotubes with three interior triethylene glycol groups. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that lithiated nanotubes are efficient Li+ conductors, with an activation energy of 0.42 eV and a peak room temperature conductivity of 3.91 ± 0.38 × 10-5 S cm-1. 7Li NMR and Raman spectroscopy show that lithiation occurs exclusively within the nanotube interior and implicates the glycol groups in facilitating efficient Li+ transduction. Linear sweep voltammetry and galvanostatic lithium plating-stripping tests reveal that this nanotube-based electrolyte is stable over a wide potential range and supports long-term cyclability. These findings demonstrate how the coupling of synthetic design and supramolecular structural control can yield high-performance ionic transporters that are amenable to device-relevant fabrication, as well as the technological potential of chemically designed self-assembled nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Insu Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anusree Natraj
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily K Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jang Wook Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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42
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Burmeister D, Trunk MG, Bojdys MJ. Development of metal-free layered semiconductors for 2D organic field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11559-11576. [PMID: 34661213 PMCID: PMC8521667 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To this day, the active components of integrated circuits consist mostly of (semi-)metals. Concerns for raw material supply and pricing aside, the overreliance on (semi-)metals in electronics limits our abilities (i) to tune the properties and composition of the active components, (ii) to freely process their physical dimensions, and (iii) to expand their deployment to applications that require optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and permeability. 2D organic semiconductors match these criteria more closely. In this review, we discuss a number of 2D organic materials that can facilitate charge transport across and in-between their π-conjugated layers as well as the challenges that arise from modulation and processing of organic polymer semiconductors in electronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burmeister
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias G Trunk
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House Guy's Campus, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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43
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Topology-Mediated Enhanced Polaron Coherence in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9442-9448. [PMID: 34554754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We employ the Holstein model for polarons to investigate the relationship among defects, topology, Coulomb trapping, and polaron delocalization in covalent organic frameworks (COFs). We find that intrasheet topological connectivity and π-column density can override disorder-induced deep traps and significantly enhance polaron migration by several orders of magnitude in good agreement with recent experimental observations. The combination of percolation networks and micropores makes trigonal COFs ideally suited for charge transport followed by kagome/tetragonal and hexagonal structures. By comparing the polaron spectral signatures and coherence numbers of large three-dimensional frameworks having a maximum of 180 coupled chromophores, we show that controlling nanoscale defects and the location of the counteranion is critical for the design of new COF-based materials yielding higher mobilities. Our analysis establishes design strategies for enhanced conductivity in COFs that can be readily generalized to other classes of conductive materials such as metal-organic frameworks and perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Science and Engineering, and §San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Materials Science and Engineering, and §San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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44
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Ji YL, Gu BX, Xie SJ, Yin MJ, Qian WJ, Zhao Q, Hung WS, Lee KR, Zhou Y, An QF, Gao CJ. Superfast Water Transport Zwitterionic Polymeric Nanofluidic Membrane Reinforced by Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102292. [PMID: 34346108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidics derived from low-dimensional nanosheets and protein nanochannels are crucial for advanced catalysis, sensing, and separation. However, polymer nanofluidics is halted by complicated preparation and miniaturized sizes. This work reports the bottom-up synthesis of modular nanofluidics by confined growth of ultrathin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in a polymer membrane consisting of zwitterionic dopamine nanoparticles (ZNPs). The confined growth of the MOFs on the ZNPs reduces the chain entanglement between the ZNPs, leading to stiff interfacial channels enhancing the nanofluidic transport of water molecules through the membrane. As such, the water permeability and solute selectivity of MOF@ZNPM are one magnitude improved, leading to a record-high performance among all polymer nanofiltration membranes. Both the experimental work and the molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the water transport is shifted from high-friction-resistance conventional viscous flow to ultrafast nanofluidic flow as a result of rigid and continuous nanochannels in MOF@ZNPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Ji
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bing-Xin Gu
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shi-Jie Xie
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ming-Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei-Jie Qian
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kueir-Rarn Lee
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yong Zhou
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Quan-Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cong-Jie Gao
- Center for Membrane and Water Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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45
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Zhao L, Tang X, Lv LP, Chen S, Sun W, Wang Y. Imine-Induced Metal-Organic and Covalent Organic Coexisting Framework with Superior Li-Storage Properties and Activation Mechanism. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3283-3292. [PMID: 34142447 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the adjustable structure and the broad application prospects in energy and other fields, the exploration of porous organic materials [metal-organic polymers (MOPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), etc.] has attracted extensive attention. In this work, an imine-induced metal-organic and covalent organic coexisting framework (Co-MOP@COF) hybrid was designed based on the combination between the amino units from the organic ligands of Co-MOP and the aldehyde groups from COF. The obtained Co-MOP@COF hybrid with layer-decorated microsphere morphology exhibited good electrochemical cycling performance (a large reversible capacity of 1020 mAh g-1 after 150 cycles at 100 mA g-1 and a reversible capacity of 396 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 ) as the anode for Li-ion batteries. The coexisting framework structure endowed the Co-MOP@COF hybrid with more surface area exposed in the exfoliated COF structure, which provided rapid Li-ion diffusion, better electrolyte infiltration, and effective activation of functional groups. Therefore, the Co-MOP@COF hybrid material achieved an enhanced Li storage mechanism involving multi-electron redox reactions, related to the CoII center and organic groups (C=C groups of benzene rings and C=N groups), and furthermore improved electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xuxu Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Shuangqiang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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46
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Fan C, Wu H, Guan J, You X, Yang C, Wang X, Cao L, Shi B, Peng Q, Kong Y, Wu Y, Khan NA, Jiang Z. Scalable Fabrication of Crystalline COF Membranes from Amorphous Polymeric Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xinda You
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Quan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yingzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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47
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Fan C, Wu H, Guan J, You X, Yang C, Wang X, Cao L, Shi B, Peng Q, Kong Y, Wu Y, Khan NA, Jiang Z. Scalable Fabrication of Crystalline COF Membranes from Amorphous Polymeric Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18051-18058. [PMID: 34062042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes hold potential for widespread applicability, but scalable fabrication is challenging. Here, we demonstrate the disorder-to-order transformation from amorphous polymeric membrane to crystalline COF membrane via monomer exchange. Solution processing is used to prepare amorphous membrane and the replacing monomer is selected based on the chemical and thermodynamical stability of the final framework. Reversible imine bonds allow the extraneous monomers to replace the pristine monomers within amorphous membrane, driving the transformation from disordered network to ordered framework. Incorporation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds enables the crystalline COF to imprint the amorphous membrane morphology. The COF membranes harvest proton conductivity up to 0.53 S cm-1 at 80 °C. Our strategy bridges amorphous polymeric and crystalline COF membranes for large-scale fabrication of COF membranes and affords guidance on materials processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinda You
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Quan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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48
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Gao S, Li Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo S, Yao K, Qiu J, Wang H, Cao L, Lai Z, Wang J. The Ionic Liquid-H 2O Interface: A New Platform for the Synthesis of Highly Crystalline and Molecular Sieving Covalent Organic Framework Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36507-36516. [PMID: 34309368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly porous crystalline polymers with uniform pores and large surface areas. Combined with their modular design principle and excellent properties, COFs are an ideal candidate for separation membranes. Liquid-liquid interfacial polymerization is a well-known approach to synthesize membranes by reacting two monomers at the interface. However, volatile organic solvents are usually used, which may disturb the liquid-liquid interface and affect the COF membrane crystallinity due to solvent evaporation. Simultaneously, the domain size of the organic solvent-water interface, named the reaction zone, can hardly be regulated, and the diffusion control of monomers for favorable crystallinity is only achieved in the water phase. These drawbacks may limit the widespread applications of liquid-liquid interfacial polymerization to synthesize diverse COF membranes with different functionalities. Here, we report a facile strategy to synthesize a series of imine-linked freestanding COF membranes with different thicknesses and morphologies at tunable ionic liquid (IL)-H2O interfaces. Due to the H-bonding of the catalysts with amine monomers and the high viscosity of the ILs, the diffusion of the monomers was simultaneously controlled in water and in ILs. This resulted in the exceptionally high crystallinity of freestanding COF membranes with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area up to 4.3 times of that synthesized at a dichloromethane-H2O interface. By varying the alkyl chain length of cations in the ILs, the interfacial region size and interfacial tension could be regulated to further improve the crystallinity of the COF membranes. As a result, the as-fabricated COF membranes exhibited ultrahigh permeance toward water and organic solvents and excellent selective rejection of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuangjiang Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaisheng Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P. R. China
| | - Jikuan Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Chemical Engineering Program, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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49
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Evans AM, Giri A, Sangwan VK, Xun S, Bartnof M, Torres-Castanedo CG, Balch HB, Rahn MS, Bradshaw NP, Vitaku E, Burke DW, Li H, Bedzyk MJ, Wang F, Brédas JL, Malen JA, McGaughey AJH, Hersam MC, Dichtel WR, Hopkins PE. Thermally conductive ultra-low-k dielectric layers based on two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1142-1148. [PMID: 33737728 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the features of microprocessors are miniaturized, low-dielectric-constant (low-k) materials are necessary to limit electronic crosstalk, charge build-up, and signal propagation delay. However, all known low-k dielectrics exhibit low thermal conductivities, which complicate heat dissipation in high-power-density chips. Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) combine immense permanent porosities, which lead to low dielectric permittivities, and periodic layered structures, which grant relatively high thermal conductivities. However, conventional synthetic routes produce 2D COFs that are unsuitable for the evaluation of these properties and integration into devices. Here, we report the fabrication of high-quality COF thin films, which enable thermoreflectance and impedance spectroscopy measurements. These measurements reveal that 2D COFs have high thermal conductivities (1 W m-1 K-1) with ultra-low dielectric permittivities (k = 1.6). These results show that oriented, layered 2D polymers are promising next-generation dielectric layers and that these molecularly precise materials offer tunable combinations of useful properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sangni Xun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew Bartnof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Halleh B Balch
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nathan P Bradshaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edon Vitaku
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan J H McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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50
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Freund R, Canossa S, Cohen SM, Yan W, Deng H, Guillerm V, Eddaoudi M, Madden DG, Fairen‐Jimenez D, Lyu H, Macreadie LK, Ji Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Haase F, Wöll C, Zaremba O, Andreo J, Wuttke S, Diercks CS. 25 Jahre retikuläre Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Freund
- Lehrstuhl für Festkörperchemie Universität Augsburg Deutschland
| | | | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego USA
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Vincent Guillerm
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabien
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabien
| | - David G. Madden
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge Großbritannien
| | - David Fairen‐Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML) Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology University of Cambridge Großbritannien
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
| | | | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Bo Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley USA
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
| | - Jacopo Andreo
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa 48940 Spanien
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spanien
| | - Christian S. Diercks
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California 92037 USA
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