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Ryan GW, Whitmire P, Batten A, Goulding M, Baltich Nelson B, Lemon SC, Pbert L. Adolescent cancer prevention in rural, pediatric primary care settings in the United States: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102449. [PMID: 38116252 PMCID: PMC10728324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for establishing habits and engaging in health behaviors to prevent future cancers. Rural areas tend to have higher rates of cancer-related morbidity and mortality as well as higher rates of cancer-risk factors among adolescents. Rural primary care clinicians are well-positioned to address these risk factors. Our goal was to identify existing literature on adolescent cancer prevention in rural primary care and to classify key barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions in such settings. We searched the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE®; Ovid APA PsycInfo; Cochrane Library; CINAHL; and Scopus. Studies were included if they reported on provider and/or clinic-level interventions in rural primary care clinics addressing one of these four behaviors (obesity, tobacco, sun exposure, HPV vaccination) among adolescent populations. We identified 3,403 unique studies and 24 met inclusion criteria for this review. 16 addressed obesity, 6 addressed HPV vaccination, 1 addressed skin cancer, and 1 addressed multiple behaviors including obesity and tobacco use. 10 studies were either non-randomized experimental designs (n = 8) or randomized controlled trials (n = 2). The remaining were observational or descriptive research. We found a dearth of studies addressing implementation of adolescent cancer prevention interventions in rural primary care settings. Priorities to address this should include further research and increased funding to support EBI adaptation and implementation in rural clinics to reduce urban-rural cancer inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W. Ryan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa Goulding
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephenie C. Lemon
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lori Pbert
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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2
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Caruso CR, Yang Z. Molecular diagnostics of infectious disease: Detection and characterization of microbial agents in cytology samples. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:68-82. [PMID: 36263664 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytology samples are widely used to diagnose various infectious diseases by detection and identification of causative infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The role of cytopathology in infectious disease has expanded tremendously in the past decades with the advances in molecular techniques. Molecular diagnostic methods, compared to conventional methods, have shown improved patient outcome, reduction in cost, and shortened hospital stay times. The aim of this article is to review molecular testing in cytology samples for diagnosis of infectious diseases. METHODS The literature search for molecular testing in common cytology samples for diagnosis of infectious diseases was performed. The findings of the studies were summarized. The common cytology samples included in this article were gynecologic specimens, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, and urine samples. CONCLUSIONS There are a number of molecular diagnostic tests that are available to be used in common cytology samples to detect infectious agents. Each test has its own advantages and limitations. It is our hope that upon reading this review article, the readers will have better understanding of molecular diagnostic testing of infectious diseases utilizing commonly sampled cytology specimens in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Anatomic Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Suzuki T, Ota Y, Sakata N, Fujita N, Kamatsuka M, Nagashima K, Hirayama J, Fujita N, Shiga K, Oyama N, Terada Y, Nomura K. HPV vaccine intention among university students during suspension of active recommendation in Japan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2116900. [PMID: 36108286 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, active recommendation of the human papillomavirus vaccine was withheld between 2013 and 2021 due to adverse reaction reports. This resulted in low vaccine coverage with reports from less than 1%. This study aimed to investigate if knowledge and health-belief related factors associated with vaccine intention among young adolescents with the hope that our findings may be helpful in promotion campaigns. We recruited students in four colleges and universities in Akita Prefecture from 2020 to 2021 who had never been vaccinated. A total of 318 students (male 54%, mean age 21 years) responded to a self-administered questionnaire; only 6% reported immediate vaccine intention, and 61% reported no such intention or "do not know." The correct percentages of 20-item knowledge about HPV vaccine-related morbidity, mortality, and prevention were very low regardless of gender (average males 41.4% vs. females 39.6%). Multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated that in males, higher levels of literacy, perceived susceptibility, and place for vaccination (logistical barrier) were associated with HPV vaccine intention, whereas "no need now" was associated with less intention. In females, a higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with vaccine intention, whereas "concerns of adverse effects" were associated with less intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Suzuki
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yu Ota
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Natsuya Sakata
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujita
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Kamatsuka
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Hirayama
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Kuniko Shiga
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing, Akita, Japan
| | - Noriaki Oyama
- Department of Gynecology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Mafra da Costa A, Hernandes ICP, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I, Fregnani JHTG. Cancer Statistics over Time in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil: Incidence and Mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:707-714. [PMID: 35131883 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population studies can serve as an essential source of information on cancer's etiology, and assessments of cancer trends over time can detect changes. This study aimed to provide statistics over time on cancer incidence and mortality in the Barretos Region, Brazil. METHODS Cancer incidence data were obtained from the population-based cancer registry of the Barretos Region, and mortality data were obtained from the Official Federal Database from 2002 to 2016. Age-standardized rates for incidence and mortality were calculated. Joinpoint Regression software was used to estimate the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). RESULTS Age-standardized rates of incidence increased significantly for colon cancer (AAPC: 2.2), rectum and rectosigmoid (AAPC: 2.4), liver (AAPC: 4.7), female breast (AAPC: 2.2), and thyroid cancer (AAPC: 3.8) but decreased for esophageal (AAPC: -3.2), stomach (AAPC: -4.2), lung (AAPC: -2.0), and ovarian cancer (AAPC: -5.6). The mortality increased for liver cancer (AAPC: 2.3) and decreased for pharyngeal cancer (AAPC: -5.8), stomach cancer (AAPC: -6.6), cervical uterine cancer (AAPC: -5.9), prostate cancer (AAPC: -2.4), and ovarian cancer (AAPC: -3.3). CONCLUSIONS We observed decreases in some cancers related to tobacco smoking and cervical and stomach cancers related to infectious agents, showing strong regional and national prevention programs' successes. But, we also observed rises in many cancer sites linked to lifestyle factors, such as breast or colorectal cancer, without a sign of declining mortality. IMPACT These results can impact and support cancer control program implementation and improvement at the community level and extrapolate to the state level and/or the whole country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allini Mafra da Costa
- Population-Based Cancer Registry of Barretos Region, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani
- Population-Based Cancer Registry of Barretos Region, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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Comparison of Social Inequality in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination among Teenagers with Parental Reports and Healthcare Providers’ Records in the 2019 National Immunization Survey-Teen. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020178. [PMID: 35214637 PMCID: PMC8874670 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Relatively little is known about social inequality in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among teenagers in the United States. This study aims to investigate whether there is a social disparity in HPV vaccination among teenagers and if so, whether it can differ according to the source of teen vaccination information (parental reports and provider records). Methods: We used the data from the 2019 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen; 42,668 teenagers, aged 13–17) including parent-reported vaccination status. Among them, 18,877 teenagers had adequate provider-reported vaccination records. Two socioeconomic status (SES) measures were used: mother’s education and annual family income. Multivariate logistic analyses were conducted. Results: False negatives of parental reports against provider records were more than two times higher (p < 0.001) in low-SES teens than in high-SES teens. In both SES measures, the proportion of HPV-unvaccinated teenagers was lowest at the highest SES level in analyses with parental reports. However, it was the opposite in analyses with provider records. Interestingly, regardless of the vaccination information source, the HPV unvaccinated rate was highest in the middle-SES teens (>12 years, non-college graduates; above poverty level, but not >USD 75 K). Conclusions: Significant social inequality in HPV vaccination among teenagers exists in the United States. The pattern of social inequality in HPV vaccination can be distorted when only parent-reported vaccination information is used.
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Damgacioglu H, Sonawane K, Zhu Y, Li R, Balasubramanian BA, Lairson DR, Giuliano AR, Deshmukh AA. Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in All 50 States in the US, 2001-2017. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 148:155-165. [PMID: 34913945 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence is rising among men in the US. Comprehensive assessments of nationwide trends in OPC incidence and mortality by demographics, tumor characteristics at diagnosis, and geography are lacking. Objective We examined secular trends in OPC incidence and mortality rates in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia (DC). Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, we used the US Cancer Statistics data set to examine OPC incidence trends from 2001 through 2017. Observed and incidence-based mortality trends were evaluated using data from the National Center for Health Statistics and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program, respectively. Data analysis was conducted from January to April 2021. Results Nationwide, 260 182 OPC cases were identified; 209 297 (80%) occurred in men, 168 674 (65%) with regional stage, and 142 068 (55%) in the Southeast and Midwest regions, during 2001 to 2017. Incidence of OPC increased nationally 2.7% per year among men, with a notable (over 3% per year) rise among non-Hispanic White men and in men aged 65 years and older. Overall, among women, the annual percentage change was 0.5% (95% CI, -0.28% to 1.22%). Among men, with a 3.1% per year rise (95% CI, 2.4% to 3.8%), regional-stage OPC incidence increased nearly 2-fold. Among women, regional-stage OPC incidence increased 1.0% per year (95% CI, 0.3% to 1.7%). Among men, OPC incidence increased in all states and regions except Alaska, DC, and Wyoming. Among men, the most pronounced increases (more than 3.5% per year) were clustered in the Southeast and Midwest regions. Among women, a rise of more than 2% per year was also concentrated in the Southeast and Midwest regions. Among men, OPC incidence-based mortality increased 2.1% per year (95% CI, 1.0% to 3.2%) overall in recent years (from 2006 to 2017). In contrast, among women, the annual percentage change in OPC incidence-based mortality was -1.2% (95% CI, -2.5% to 0.1%). Conclusion and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that the incidence of OPC has continued to increase nationally among men in the US, with rapid increases among the elderly population. The notable rise in regional-stage OPC and the concurrent recent rise in mortality among men is troubling and calls for urgent improvements in prevention. Distinct geographic patterns with notable rises in the Midwest and Southeast regions imply the need for improved and targeted prevention as well as future studies to understand etiological reasons for geographic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Damgacioglu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Texas.,Center for Healthcare Data, Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - Yenan Zhu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - Ruosha Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - Bijal A Balasubramanian
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - David R Lairson
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Texas
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ashish A Deshmukh
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Texas
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Staras SAS, Huo T, Rothbard SM, Hall JM, Cho HD, Guo Y, Richardson E, Salloum RG, Thompson LA, Silver NL, Shenkman EA. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer Rates Within Florida Counties. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:812-820. [PMID: 34384654 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To direct interventions, the Florida counties with the greatest risk of current and future human papillomavirus‒associated cancers were identified by estimating county-level (1) percentages of adolescents aged 13-17 years who initiated (≥1 dose) and were up to date (2-3 doses) for the human papillomavirus vaccine and (2) human papillomavirus‒associated cancer incidence rates. METHODS Records were obtained for human papillomavirus vaccinations from the Florida immunization registry (2006-2019), incident cancer cases from the Florida registry (2013-2017), and annual population counts from the Florida Department of Health (2006-2019). In 2020, annual county-level human papillomavirus vaccine initiation, human papillomavirus vaccine up-to-date, and age-adjusted human papillomavirus‒associated cancer incidence rates were estimated. RESULTS Among adolescents aged 13-17 years, average 2018-2019 county-specific human papillomavirus vaccine initiation ranged from 38% to 100% for females and from 34% to 96% for males. Up-to-date estimates ranged from 20% to 72% for females and from 24% to 77% for males. The majority (78%) of counties with initiation and up-to-date estimates within the lowest tercile were located in Northern Florida. County-specific 2013-2017 annualized, adjusted human papillomavirus‒associated cancer incidence rates ranged from 0 to 29.8 per 100,000 among females and from 5.4 to 24.1 per 100,000 among males. Counties within the highest tercile for human papillomavirus‒associated cancers were primarily (90% for females and 77% for males) located in Northern Florida. CONCLUSIONS Human papillomavirus‒associated cancer risk varies widely across Florida counties, with particularly high risk within Northern Florida. Targeting interventions toward counties with low vaccination and high cancer rates may reduce human papillomavirus‒associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A S Staras
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Tianyao Huo
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah M Rothbard
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jaclyn M Hall
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hee D Cho
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yi Guo
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric Richardson
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lindsay A Thompson
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Natalie L Silver
- UF Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- UF Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Tomaszewski T, Morales A, Lourentzou I, Caskey R, Liu B, Schwartz A, Chin J. Identifying False Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Information and Corresponding Risk Perceptions From Twitter: Advanced Predictive Models. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e30451. [PMID: 34499043 PMCID: PMC8461539 DOI: 10.2196/30451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vaccination uptake rates of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine remain low despite the fact that the effectiveness of HPV vaccines has been established for more than a decade. Vaccine hesitancy is in part due to false information about HPV vaccines on social media. Combating false HPV vaccine information is a reasonable step to addressing vaccine hesitancy. Objective Given the substantial harm of false HPV vaccine information, there is an urgent need to identify false social media messages before it goes viral. The goal of the study is to develop a systematic and generalizable approach to identifying false HPV vaccine information on social media. Methods This study used machine learning and natural language processing to develop a series of classification models and causality mining methods to identify and examine true and false HPV vaccine–related information on Twitter. Results We found that the convolutional neural network model outperformed all other models in identifying tweets containing false HPV vaccine–related information (F score=91.95). We also developed completely unsupervised causality mining models to identify HPV vaccine candidate effects for capturing risk perceptions of HPV vaccines. Furthermore, we found that false information contained mostly loss-framed messages focusing on the potential risk of vaccines covering a variety of topics using more diverse vocabulary, while true information contained both gain- and loss-framed messages focusing on the effectiveness of vaccines covering fewer topics using relatively limited vocabulary. Conclusions Our research demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of using predictive models to identify false HPV vaccine information and its risk perceptions on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tre Tomaszewski
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Alex Morales
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ismini Lourentzou
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachel Caskey
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alan Schwartz
- Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessie Chin
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Vulvar cancer in a patient with long-lasting premalignant lesions in the genital area: easily overlooked and difficult to diagnose - a case report and literature review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:366-370. [PMID: 34377114 PMCID: PMC8330851 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar intraepithelial lesions are a heterogenic group of diseases, which can be easily misdiagnosed. The case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of genital intraepithelial lesions and infection with HPV is presented. Her main complaint was vulvar pruritus. Vulvoscopy revealed the presence of two skin lesions: the first one had the morphology of lichen sclerosus, and the second of a Bowenoid lesion. The biopsy of the first lesion revealed vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas cells of squamous vulvar cancer were identified in the second lesion. After staging, the patient was advised to undergo hemivulvectomy and lymphadenectomy. The coexistence of morphologically diverse vulvar skin lesions may cause difficulties with diagnosis and the selection of an adequate treatment. Long-term follow-up and regular examination are essential for diagnosis of vulvar malignancies in the early stage.
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Selvan P, Kearney M, Cognetti D, Massey P, Leader A. Exploring Knowledge and Attitudes About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among School Nurses in an Urban School District. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:125-132. [PMID: 33314171 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses in an urban school district completed a brief survey about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. METHODS Descriptive and bivariate analyses examined trends and differences. RESULTS Among 208 nurses, only 3% correctly answered all 5 knowledge questions. Nurses with greater than 10 years of experience were more confident about where to refer a student for vaccination (p < .01) and less likely to be interested in providing the vaccine at their school (p < .001) compared to those with less than 10 years of experience. Almost one third (32%) of nurses reported having access to educational material about the HPV vaccine at their schools. CONCLUSIONS Whereas most nurses had positive attitudes about the vaccine, fewer were interested in administering the HPV vaccine in school. Educational resources for school nurses could increase awareness of the vaccine and promote linkages to care outside of school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Selvan
- Research Coordinator, , Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 314, Philadelphia, PA, 19107., USA
| | - Matthew Kearney
- DrPH Student, , Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104., USA
| | - David Cognetti
- Co-director, , Jefferson Center for Head and Neck Surgery, Associate Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107., USA
| | - Philip Massey
- Assistant Professor, , Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104., USA
| | - Amy Leader
- Associate Professor, , Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 314, Philadelphia, PA, 19107., USA
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The role of epidemiology in informing United States childhood immunization policy and practice. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 62:100-114. [PMID: 33065268 PMCID: PMC7553935 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the ten greatest public health achievements is childhood vaccination because of its impact on controlling and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Evidence-based immunization policies and practices are responsible for this success and are supported by epidemiology that has generated scientific evidence for informing policy and practice. The purpose of this report is to highlight the role of epidemiology in the development of immunization policy and successful intervention in public health practice that has resulted in a measurable public health impact: the control and elimination of VPDs in the United States. Examples in which epidemiology informed immunization policy were collected from a literature review and consultation with experts who have been working in this field for the past 30 years. Epidemiologic examples (e.g., thimerosal-containing vaccines and the alleged association between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism) are presented to describe challenges that epidemiologists have addressed. Finally, we describe ongoing challenges to the nation's ability to sustain high vaccination coverage, particularly with concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness, increasing use of religious and philosophical belief exemptions to vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy. Learning from past and current experiences may help epidemiologists anticipate and address current and future challenges to respond to emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, with new vaccines and enhance the public health impact of immunization programs for years to come.
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12
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Morriscey C, Hajizadeh M. Income and education inequalities in cervical cancer incidence in Canada, 1992-2010. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:814-823. [PMID: 32785597 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in Canada and other countries globally, yet there is no study investigating socioeconomic inequalities in national cervical cancer incidence in Canada. Thus, the current study investigated income and education inequalities in the incidence of cervical cancer in Canada from 1992 to 2010. METHODS Data were derived from a linked dataset that combined cervical cancer incidence from the Canadian Cancer Registry and demographic and socioeconomic information from the Canadian Census of Population and the National Household Survey. The Concentration index approach was used to measure income and education inequalities in the incidence of cervical cancer over time. RESULTS National incidence of cervical cancer decreased significantly from 1992 to 2010. The age-standardized C was negative for the majority of years for both income and education inequalities, but the preponderance were not significant. Trend analyses of socioeconomic inequalities suggested an increasing concentration of cervical cancer incidence among less-educated females over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Over almost two decades, there were no pervasive socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of cervical cancer in Canada. As such, policies aimed at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer should focus on the general population, irrespective of socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Morriscey
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
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13
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The emerging risk of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer in HPV-related subsites in young people in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232871. [PMID: 32407339 PMCID: PMC7224475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the rise in the incidence of cancer in the oropharynx, tonsils, and base of the tongue (i.e., HPV-related subsites). HPV triggered the changes in the epidemiology of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer (OPC/OCC) in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. Hence, the incidence of cancer in HPV-related subsites is augmenting, while that in other HPV-unrelated subsites is decreasing. In South America, although the incidence of HPV-positive tumors has gradually increased, there is an atypically low prevalence of HPV in people with OPC/OCC. To clarify whether this dramatic shift in incidence trends also occurred in this population, we estimated the burden of HPV on the incidence trends of OPCs/OCCs in São Paulo city in Brazil. In this population-based study, we categorized OPCs/OCCs by HPV-related and HPV-unrelated subsites. We used Poisson regression to assess the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) stratified by sex and age groups, as well as to examine the age-period-cohort effects. There were 15,391 cases of OPCs/OCCs diagnosed in HPV-related (n = 5,898; 38.3%) and HPV-unrelated (n = 9,493; 61.7%) subsites. Overall, the ASRs decreased for most subsites, for both sexes and for all age groups, except for HPV-related OPC/OCC in young males and females, which increased by 3.8% and 8.6% per year, respectively. In the birth-cohort-effect analysis, we identified an increasing risk for HPV-related OPC/OCC in both sexes in recent birth cohorts; however, this risk was sharply decreased in HPV-unrelated subsites. Our data demonstrate an emerging risk for HPV-related OPC/OCC in young people, which supports prophylactic HPV vaccination in this group.
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Yoo W, Koskan A, Scotch M, Pottinger H, Huh WK, Helitzer D. Patterns and Disparities in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake for Young Female Adolescents among U.S. States: NIS-Teen (2008-2016). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1458-1467. [PMID: 32345710 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported differential vaccine uptake outcomes that are associated with sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as provider type. However, none has examined a trend over a multiple-year span. In this study, we utilize a longitudinal data-based approach to examine state-level human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trends and their influences over time. METHODS We analyzed National Immunization Survey - Teen data (2008-2016) to estimate HPV vaccine initiation rate in young female adolescent ages 13-17 years old among U.S. States. We identified growth patterns using the latent class growth method and explored state-level characteristics, including socioeconomic and sociodemographic attributes, and health legislation and policy-related programs among patterns. RESULTS We identified three growth patterns, which showed gradually increasing vaccination trends but different baseline HPV uptake rates (high, moderate, low). States within Pattern 1 (highest HPV vaccination rates) included the lowest percentage of families with incomes below federal poverty level, the highest percentage of bachelor's degree or higher, and the lowest number of uninsured, while states within Pattern 3 (lowest HPV vaccination rates) included families with socioeconomic attributes along the opposite end of the spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Latent class growth models are an effective tool to be able to capture health disparities in heterogeneity among states in relation to HPV vaccine uptake trajectories. IMPACT These findings might lead to designing and implementing effective interventions and changes in policies and health care coverage to promote HPV vaccination uptake for states represented under the lowest trajectory pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Yoo
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Alexis Koskan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Matthew Scotch
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Heidi Pottinger
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Warner K Huh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deborah Helitzer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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15
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Nasioutziki M, Chatzistamatiou K, Loufopoulos PD, Vavoulidis E, Tsampazis N, Pratilas GC, Liberis A, Karpa V, Parcharidis E, Daniilidis A, Spanos K, Dinas K. Cervical, anal and oral HPV detection and HPV type concordance among women referred for colposcopy. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:22. [PMID: 32318115 PMCID: PMC7160926 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause benign and malignant tumours in the anogenital tract and the oropharynx both in men and women. The aim of the presented study was to investigate cervical, anal, and oral HPV-detection rates among women referred to colposcopy for abnormal Cervical Cancer (CaCx) screening results and assess the concordance of HPV-types among these anatomical sites. METHODS Women referred to colposcopy at a single centre due to abnormal cytology, conducted for CaCx screening, were subjected to cervical Liquid-based Cytology (LBC) smear testing, anal and oral sampling. Routine colposcopy consisted in multiple biopsies and/or Endocervical Curettage (ECC). HPV-detection was performed by PCR genotyping in all three anatomical sites. In high-risk (hr) HPV-DNA positive samples either from anal canal or oral cavity, anal LBC cytology and anoscopy were performed, or oral cavity examination respectively. Descriptive statistics was used for the analysis of HPV-detection rates and phi-coefficient for the determination of HPV-positivity concordance between the anatomical sites. RESULTS Out of 118 referred women, hr. HPV-DNA was detected in 65 (55.1%), 64 (54.2%) and 3 (2.5%) at cervix, anal canal and oral cavity respectively while low-risk HPV-DNA was detected in 14 (11.9%) and 11 (9.3%) at cervix and anal canal respectively. The phi-coefficient for cervix/anal canal was 0.392 for HPV16, 0.658 for HPV31, 0.758 for HPV33, - 0.12 for HPV45, 0.415 for HPV52 and 0.473 for HPV58. All values were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that most HPV-types, high-risk and low-risk, detected in the cervix of women with prevalent cervical dysplasia, correlate with the ones detected in their anal canal. This particularly applies for the HPV-types included in the nonavalent HPV-vaccine (HPVs 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nasioutziki
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kimon Chatzistamatiou
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Dimitrios Loufopoulos
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Anal & Colorectal Clinic, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsampazis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George-Chrysostomos Pratilas
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Liberis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karpa
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanggelos Parcharidis
- Stomatology Clinic, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spanos
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Anal & Colorectal Clinic, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, Molecular & Morphological Clinical Cytopathology Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Cebollero J, Walton SM, Cavendish L, Quairoli K, Cwiak C, Kottke MJ. Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After Pharmacist-Led Intervention: A Pilot Project in an Ambulatory Clinic at a Large Academic Urban Medical Center. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:313-321. [PMID: 32228133 PMCID: PMC7222962 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920914340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite the safety and efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine,
many persons are still not receiving it. The purpose of this pilot project
was to evaluate the number of first doses of the 9-valent HPV (9vHPV)
vaccination administered after a pharmacist-led intervention in the Adult
Family Planning Clinic at Grady Health System (GHS), a large academic urban
medical center in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods The pilot project had 3 phases: pre-intervention (November 15, 2016, through
March 31, 2017), active intervention (November 15, 2017, through December
29, 2017), and post-intervention (December 30, 2017, through March 31,
2018). The pre-intervention phase was used as a historical control. The
active intervention phase consisted of pharmacist interventions in the
clinic and patient and health care provider education. The post-intervention
phase evaluated the durability of pharmacist-led interventions performed and
education provided during the active phase. Results Eighty-nine first-dose 9vHPV vaccines (of the 3-dose series) were
administered to young adults aged 18-26 during the project period (November
15, 2017, through March 31, 2018); none were administered during the
pre-intervention phase. Of 89 patients who received a first 9vHPV vaccine
dose, 20 patients also received a second 9vHPV vaccine dose. During the
project period, 166 doses of 9vHPV vaccine (first, second, or third doses)
were administered. Conclusion This pharmacist-led intervention led to an increase in the number of young
adult patients receiving their first dose of the 9vHPV vaccination series.
With the support of other health care providers, pharmacist-led initiatives
can expand vaccine-related health literacy and facilitate access to
immunization services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carrie Cwiak
- 1365 Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA.,23033 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa J Kottke
- 1365 Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA.,23033 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Derstenfeld A, Cullingham K, Ran ZC, Litvinov IV. Review of Evidence and Recommendation for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination of Canadian Males Over the Age of 26 Years. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 24:285-291. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475420911635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most common sexually transmitted infection with a lifetime incidence of over 75%. Based on US data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 64% of invasive HPV-associated cancers are attributable to HPV 16 or 18 (65% for females; 63% males) and may be prevented by vaccination with either the quadrivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine. Public HPV vaccination programs are now the norm for women aged 9-45 years and men aged 9-26 years in Canada. Yet, only recently have guidelines begun to consider vaccination of men older than 26 years of age. There now exist compelling reasons to recommend vaccination against HPV amongst males >26 years of age. Recognizing that the risks posed by HPV infection persist beyond 26 years of age, that the vaccination of men aged 26-45 years with HPV vaccine confers immunogenicity at levels demonstrably efficacious against HPV-related diseases, and that the Food and Drug Administration recently expanded the HPV vaccination to include older men, it is argued that HPV vaccination in men older than 26 years of age should be routinely recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Derstenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kyle Cullingham
- Department of Dermatology, Stonebridge Medical Specialists, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, Canadian Dermatology Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuo Cai Ran
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, Canadian Dermatology Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, Canadian Dermatology Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Wang M, Sharma A, Osazuwa-Peters N, Simpson MC, Schootman M, Piccirillo JF, Huh WK, Adjei Boakye E. Risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms after an index potentially-human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 64:101649. [PMID: 31816512 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the number of cancer survivors is increasing, it is imperative that we better understand the long-term consequences of these survivors. We assessed the risk of developing a second primary malignant neoplasm (SPMN) after an index potentially-HPV-associated cancers (P-HPV-AC). METHODS We constructed a population-based cohort of patients with P-HPV-AC using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data (2000-2015). We limited patients to those with invasive P-HPV-AC [cervical, vagina, vulva, penile, anal, and oropharynx] based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition. Excess SPMN risks were calculated based on standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risks (EARs) per 10,000 person-years at risk (PYR). RESULTS A total of 105,644 patients with an index P-HPV-AC were identified, and 7.8 % developed a SPMN. In all P-HPV-AC patients, the overall SIR was 1.73 (95 % CI: 1.69-1.77) and EAR of 70.72 per 10,000 PYR. All index P-HPV-AC sites showed statistically significant increases in the risk of SPMN, except for anal cancer among men, compared with the general population. The greatest increase in risk of SPMN was observed among patients diagnosed with an index P-HPV-oropharyngeal cancer (SIR = 1.83; 95 % CI, 1.70-1.82 and SIR = 2.29; 95 % CI, 2.12-2.47 for men and women, respectively). Men developed SPMN mostly in aero-digestive tract whiles women developed SPMN both in aero-digestive tract and other HPV-associated cancer sites. CONCLUSIONS P-HPV-AC survivors experienced excess risk of SPMN. These findings have the potential to affect future surveillance practices and improve preventive healthcare for survivors of P-HPV-ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Wang
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Arun Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 720 N. Bond Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3660 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Saint Louis University Cancer Center, 3685 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Matthew C Simpson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3660 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Mario Schootman
- Center for Clinical Excellence, SSM Health, 10101 Woodfield Ln., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
| | - Jay F Piccirillo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Warner K Huh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1201 11th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Department of Population Science and Policy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison Street, P. O. Box 19664, Springfield, IL 62794-9664, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 751 N Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, USA; Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 315 W Carpenter St, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
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19
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Abu-Lubad MA, Jarajreh DA, Helaly GF, Alzoubi HM, Haddadin WJ, Dabobash MD, Albataineh EM, Aqel AA, Alnawaiseh NA. Human papillomavirus as an independent risk factor of invasive cervical and endometrial carcinomas in Jordan. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:613-618. [PMID: 31519382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial and cervical carcinomas are the most common gynecologic malignancies in Western world and many countries. The human papillomavirus (HPV) high-risk genotypes are associated with cervical carcinoma (CC). Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, considered a cofactor for HPV infection and CC. Information on HPV infection rate and type distribution among Jordanian women having CC is currently limited and unavailable among those with endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an updated estimate on HPV infection rate and its high-risk genotypes' distribution among Jordanian women by comparing data from invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) to normal cervical tissues. Similarly, assessment of HPV infection rate was extended to the endometrial tissues. C. trachomatis infection was investigated as well to explore its possibility as HPV cofactor for induction of such carcinomas. METHODS Total DNA was extracted from 144 formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical and endometrial tissue, equally divided between age-matched control and carcinoma cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for general detection of HPV-DNA, high risk HPV-16 and 18 genotypes and C. trachomatis DNA using specific primers. RESULTS HPV infection was detected in 91.7% and 61.1% of cervical cancer patients and controls, respectively. Likewise, it was higher among cases (47.2%) than controls (13.8%) in endometrial biopsies. Significantly higher HPV infection rates were found among ICC and endometrial control biopsies of women >50 years. Out of 33 HPV positive ICC cases, single HPV-16 infections were detected in 69.7% compared to HPV-18 (15.2%), while HPV-16/18 co-infections were only found in three (9%) samples. C. trachomatis was not detected in all studied groups. CONCLUSION The present study has successfully provided an updated estimate on HPV infection rate among Jordanian women with and without ICC and endometrial carcinoma. In addition, a lack of co-infection was observed between HPV and C. trachomatis in both cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abu-Lubad
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
| | - Dua'a A Jarajreh
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Ghada F Helaly
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan; Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamed M Alzoubi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | | | | | - Eman M Albataineh
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Amin A Aqel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Nedal A Alnawaiseh
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
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20
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Berger MH, Haidar YM, Bitner B, Trent M, Tjoa T. Practice patterns and knowledge among California pediatricians regarding human papillomavirus and its relation to head and neck cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:525-529. [PMID: 31064672 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify practice patterns regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination efforts and vaccination rates in context of head and neck cancer prevention, identify barriers to vaccination, and identify gaps in knowledge regarding the link between HPV and head and neck cancer in the pediatrician population. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS A 27-question cross-sectional survey was distributed to members of the four California chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics. RESULTS Of the completed responses, 89.4% identified as "always" recommending the HPV vaccine to patients, but only 19.5% of pediatricians estimated that >75% of their eligible patients had completed the HPV vaccination series. 71.5% of respondents felt that further education about HPV's link to head and neck cancer them more comfortable discussing vaccination. Physicians who were in practice longer were less likely to respond that additional education about HPV and its link to head and neck cancer would make them more comfortable discussing vaccination with patients (p = 0.043). Physicians who were in practice longer were more likely to correctly respond that HPV type 16 is the most common strain linked to head and neck cancer (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION There is need to improve both the knowledge base and comfort level of pediatricians in counseling their patients during vaccine recommendations. Otolaryngologists have a critical role in providing education to physicians, trainees, and the general public in the effort to combat the epidemic of HPV-associated head and neck cancer.
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Taylor JR, Skeate JG, Kast WM. Annexin A2 in Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2954. [PMID: 30568638 PMCID: PMC6290281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral life cycles consist of three main phases: (1) attachment and entry, (2) genome replication and expression, and (3) assembly, maturation, and egress. Each of these steps is intrinsically reliant on host cell factors and processes including cellular receptors, genetic replication machinery, endocytosis and exocytosis, and protein expression. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a membrane-associated protein with a wide range of intracellular functions and a recurrent host factor in a variety of viral infections. Spatially, AnxA2 is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, vesicle-bound, and on the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Structurally, AnxA2 exists as a monomer or in complex with S100A10 to form the AnxA2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t). Both AnxA2 and A2t have been implicated in a vast array of cellular functions such as endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organization, and translational regulation through RNA binding. Accordingly, many discoveries have been made involving AnxA2 in viral pathogenesis, however, the reported work addressing AnxA2 in virology is highly compartmentalized. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to provide information regarding the role of AnxA2 in the lifecycle of multiple epithelial cell-targeting viruses to highlight recurrent themes, identify discrepancies, and reveal potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Suk R, Mahale P, Sonawane K, Sikora AG, Chhatwal J, Schmeler KM, Sigel K, Cantor SB, Chiao EY, Deshmukh AA. Trends in Risks for Second Primary Cancers Associated With Index Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e181999. [PMID: 30646145 PMCID: PMC6324459 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the last 4 decades, survival among patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers has improved, while the incidence of these cancers has increased among younger cohorts. Among survivors of HPV-associated cancers, persistent HPV infection may remain a risk factor for preventable HPV-associated second primary cancers (HPV-SPCs). OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of HPV-SPCs among survivors of HPV-associated index cancers and to test the hypothesis that the HPV-SPC risk among these persons has increased over the last 4 decades. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort study of 9 cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was conducted to identify patients with HPV-associated (cervical, vaginal, vulvar, oropharyngeal, anal, and penile) cancers diagnosed from January 1, 1973, through December 31, 2014. The dates of analysis were July 1, 2017, to January 31, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The HPV-SPC risk was quantified by calculating standard incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risks (EARs) per 10 000 person-years at risk (PYR). The HPV-SPC risk by time was estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS From 113 272 (73 085 female and 40 187 male) survivors of HPV-associated cancers, 1397 women and 1098 men developed HPV-SPCs. The SIRs for HPV-SPCs were 6.2 (95% CI, 5.9-6.6) among women and 15.8 (95% CI, 14.9-16.8) among men. The EARs were 18.2 per 10 000 PYR for women and 53.5 per 10 000 PYR for men. Among both women and men, those who had index oropharyngeal cancers had the highest HPV-SPC risk (SIR, 19.8 [95% CI, 18.4-21.4] and EAR, 80.6 per 10 000 PYR among women; SIR, 18.0 [95% CI, 16.9-19.1] and EAR, 61.5 per 10 000 PYR among men). Women who had index cervical cancers and men who had index anal cancers had the lowest HPV-SPC risk (SIR, 2.4 [95% CI, 2.2-2.7] and EAR, 4.5 per 10 000 PYR among women; SIR, 6.5 [95% CI, 4.7-8.8] and EAR, 18.5 per 10 000 PYR among men). Both women and men who had index HPV-associated cancers of any kind had a significantly higher risk of oropharyngeal HPV-SPCs. Over the last 4 decades, the risk of developing most types of HPV-SPCs after index cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE According to this study, the HPV-SPC risk among survivors of HPV-associated cancers is significant, implying that persistent HPV infection at multiple sites may be associated with HPV-SPCs. These findings have the potential to inform surveillance recommendations for survivors of HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Suk
- Department of Management Policy and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Parag Mahale
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Department of Management Policy and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jagpreet Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Institute for Technology Assessment, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kathleen M. Schmeler
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Keith Sigel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Scott B. Cantor
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Elizabeth Y. Chiao
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Department of Management Policy and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston
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Taylor JR, Fernandez DJ, Thornton SM, Skeate JG, Lühen KP, Da Silva DM, Langen R, Kast WM. Heterotetrameric annexin A2/S100A10 (A2t) is essential for oncogenic human papillomavirus trafficking and capsid disassembly, and protects virions from lysosomal degradation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11642. [PMID: 30076379 PMCID: PMC6076308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) entry into epithelial cells is independent of canonical endocytic pathways. Upon interaction with host cells, HPV establishes infection by traversing through an endocytic pathway that is clathrin- and caveolin-independent, but dependent on the annexin A2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t). We examined the contribution of monomeric annexin A2 (AnxA2) vs. A2t in HPV infection and endocytosis, and further characterized the role of these molecules in protein trafficking. We specifically show that cell surface A2t is not required for HPV attachment, and in the absence of A2t virion internalization remains clathrin-independent. Without A2t, viral progression from early endosomes to multivesicular endosomes is significantly inhibited, capsid uncoating is dramatically reduced, and lysosomal degradation of HPV is accelerated. Furthermore, we present evidence that AnxA2 forms a complex with CD63, a known mediator of HPV trafficking. Overall, the observed reduction in infection is less significant in the absence of S100A10 alone compared to full A2t, supporting an independent role for monomeric AnxA2. More broadly, we show that successful infection by multiple oncogenic HPV types is dependent on A2t. These findings suggest that A2t is a central mediator of high-risk HPV intracellular trafficking post-entry and pre-viral uncoating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantaé M Thornton
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim P Lühen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralf Langen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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Fowler B, Bodson J, Warner EL, Dyer J, Kepka D. Poor HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among Utah Latinas overdue for recommended cancer screenings. J Community Health 2018; 41:825-37. [PMID: 26860277 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals overdue for recommended cancer screenings may not be receiving adequate cancer prevention education. Since Latinas have the highest incidence of cervical cancer among all racial/ethnic groups, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education is especially important for this population. The correlates of HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge were assessed among Latinas who were overdue for recommended cancer screenings. N = 206 Latinas who were overdue for recommended cancer screenings were recruited by health educators from local community groups. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regression models were used to investigate factors associated with HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among participants as well as to assess correlates of HPV vaccine receipt for eligible children of participants. In multivariable regression analyses, years living in the U.S. (p = 0.05) and health insurance status (p = 0.03) were significantly related to HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures. Age (p < 0.01), birthplace (p = 0.02), years living in the U.S. (p = 0.05), annual household income (p = 0.05), cervical cancer screening status (p = 0.03), and HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with HPV vaccination outcomes for eligible daughters of participants. Cervical cancer screening status (p = 0.02) and HPV vaccine-related knowledge measures (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with HPV vaccination outcomes for eligible sons of participants. Results indicate poor HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge among Latinas. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine-related awareness and knowledge in Utah's growing Latino population should target vulnerable individuals (e.g., not employed outside the home, less educated, less acculturated, poor, uninsured, overdue for cervical cancer screening) by using materials that are culturally sensitive, linguistically appropriate, and easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Fowler
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Julia Bodson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Echo L Warner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jane Dyer
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Deanna Kepka
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Room 4125, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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25
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Caskey R, Sherman EG, Beskin K, Rapport R, Xia Y, Schwartz A. A Behavioral Economic Approach to Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:755-760. [PMID: 29037471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to measure the impact of a behavioral economic intervention on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and series completion rates for adolescents and to measure the impact of the intervention on the receipt of a nonincentivized influenza vaccine. METHODS We conducted a quasi-randomized trial to compare the impact of an escalating delayed cash incentive (intervention), compared with usual care (control), on HPV vaccination initiation and series completion rates among adolescents (11-17 years) at an urban medical center. We measured HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates during the 12 months after enrollment and subsequent influenza vaccination rates for 24 months after enrollment. RESULTS A total of 85 participants were actively enrolled in the intervention arm and 103 were passively enrolled in the control arm. Participants were predominantly publically insured African-American and Hispanic adolescents. The majority (75%) of the intervention group received one or more doses of the HPV vaccine, with 36% completing the three-dose series, compared with 47% of the control group receiving one or more doses and only 13% completing the series. The odds of HPV p-value vaccine initiation (odds ratio 4.19 [95% confidence interval 1.84-10.10], p < .01) and HPV vaccine series completion (OR 4.16 [95% confidence interval 1.64-11.28], p < .01) were greater among the intervention group compared with the control group. There was no difference in influenza vaccination rates between the intervention group and the control group during the 2013-2014 season (p = .138) and during the 2014-2015 influenza season (p value .683). CONCLUSIONS An incentive-based approach to HPV vaccination was effective in increasing vaccine initiation and series dose completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Caskey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - E Grace Sherman
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kera Beskin
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Rapport
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan Schwartz
- Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Razzaghi H, Saraiya M, Thompson TD, Henley SJ, Viens L, Wilson R. Five-year relative survival for human papillomavirus-associated cancer sites. Cancer 2017; 124:203-211. [PMID: 29105738 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines can potentially prevent greater than 90% of cervical and anal cancers as well as a substantial proportion of vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers caused by certain HPV types. Because more than 38,000 HPV-associated cancers are diagnosed annually in the United States, current studies are needed to understand how relative survival varies for each of these cancers by certain demographic characteristics, such as race and age. METHODS The authors examined high-quality data from 27 population-based cancer registries covering approximately 59% of the US population. The analyses were limited to invasive cancers that were diagnosed during 2001 through 2011 and followed through 2011 and met specified histologic criteria for HPV-associated cancers. Five-year relative survival was calculated from diagnosis until death for these cancers by age, race, and sex. RESULTS The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate was 64.2% for cervical carcinomas, 52.8% for vaginal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 66% for vulvar SCCs, 47.4% for penile SCCs, 65.9% for anal SCCs, 56.2% for rectal SCCs, and 51.2% for oropharyngeal SCCs. Five-year relative survival was consistently higher among white patients compared with black patients for all HPV-associated cancers across all age groups; the greatest differences by race were observed for oropharyngeal SCCs among those aged <60 years and for penile SCCs among those ages 40 to 49 years compared with other age groups. CONCLUSIONS There are large disparities in relative survival among patients with HPV-associated cancers by sex, race, and age. HPV vaccination and improved access to screening (of cancers for which screening tests are available) and treatment, especially among groups that experience higher incidence and lower survival, may reduce disparities in survival from HPV-associated cancers. Cancer 2018;124:203-211. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Razzaghi
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mona Saraiya
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trevor D Thompson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Jane Henley
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura Viens
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reda Wilson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Barroeta JE, Adhikari-Guragain D, Grotkowski CE. Cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination: A review of shifting paradigms in cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:903-914. [PMID: 28589649 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes in cervical cancer screening practice, guidelines, and prevention of cervical cancer have taken place in recent years including the raising of initial cervical cancer screening age, changes in frequency of cytology screening, and the adoption of high risk HPV and cytology co-testing for some patients; the introduction of the bivalent, quadrivalent, and 9-valent HPV vaccines; and the recent approval of high risk HPV testing as primary screening with the use of cytology as triage in positive cases. This review discusses the significance of primary HPV screening, the impact of HPV vaccination in the prevalence of cervical cancer and its precursors, the interplay between high risk HPV testing and vaccination, and the implications for clinical and cytological management. Future strategies for cervical screening in the post-vaccination era are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta E Barroeta
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Deepti Adhikari-Guragain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn E Grotkowski
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, New Jersey
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28
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Brinton LA, Thistle JE, Liao LM, Trabert B. Epidemiology of vulvar neoplasia in the NIH-AARP Study. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:298-304. [PMID: 28236455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify risk factors for rare vulvar neoplasms. METHODS Within the NIH-AARP Study, among 201,469 women interviewed in 1995-1996 and followed for a mean of 13.8years, there were 370 diagnoses of incident vulvar neoplasms, including 170 invasive and 198 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasms grade 3 (VIN3). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via multivariate logistic regression for various demographic, reproductive and lifestyle factors, with separate consideration of relations according to invasiveness, histology and age at diagnosis. RESULTS Consistent with descriptive data, we found non-white women at lower risks of vulvar neoplasia than white women (HR=0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.95). Significant risk factors for VIN3 included being divorced/separated (HR vs. currently married=1.77, 95% CI 1.24-2.51), a current cigarette smoker (3.88, 95% CI 2.64-5.72), a user of oral contraceptives (1.46, 95% CI 1.06-2.01), or a current user of menopausal hormones (1.73, 95% CI 1.24-2.41). Significant risk factors for invasive cancers were being obese (HR for BMI ≥30 vs. <25=1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.40) or a current smoker (1.86, 95% CI 1.21-2.87). Cigarette smoking was a risk factor mainly for neoplasms shown in other investigations to be HPV-related, namely VIN3 and invasive squamous cell cancers (SCCs) occurring in the younger stratum of cases. In contrast, obesity was primarily associated with the development of invasive SCCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that vulvar neoplasia is a heterogeneous disease. VIN3 demonstrated risk factors consistent with an HPV-related etiology, while invasive cancers were additionally affected by obesity, suggesting that further attention should focus on the role of chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Jake E Thistle
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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29
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Westrick SC, Hohmann LA, McFarland SJ, Teeter BS, White KK, Hastings TJ. Parental acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccinations and community pharmacies as vaccination settings: A qualitative study in Alabama. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2016; 3:24-29. [PMID: 28720453 PMCID: PMC5883249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine parents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations in their adolescent children and to describe parents’ perceptions of adolescent vaccinations in community pharmacies. Methods In-depth interviews were completed with parents or guardians of children ages 11–17 years from Alabama's Lee and Macon counties. One-hour long, open-ended telephonic or in-person interviews were conducted until the saturation point was reached. Using ATLAS.ti software and thematic analysis, interview transcripts were coded to identify themes. Results Twenty-six parents were interviewed, most of whom were female (80.8%) and white (50%). A total of 12 themes were identified. First, two themes emerged regarding elements facilitating children's HPV vaccination, the most common being positive perception of the HPV vaccine. Second, elements hindering children's vaccination contained seven themes, the top one being lack of correct or complete information about the HPV vaccine. The last topic involved acceptance/rejection of community pharmacies as vaccination settings, and the most frequently cited theme was concern about pharmacists’ clinical training. Conclusions Physician-to-parent vaccine education is important, and assurances of adequate pharmacy immunization training will ease parents’ fears and allow pharmacists to better serve adolescents, especially those who do not see physicians regularly. Physicians play a crucial role in parents’ HPV vaccination decisions. Parents are reluctant to use pharmacists as HPV vaccine providers. Parents are concerned about pharmacists’ training and pharmacy infrastructure. Community pharmacists must work in conjunction with physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salisa C Westrick
- Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Aub urn University, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Lindsey A Hohmann
- Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Aub urn University, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Stuart J McFarland
- Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Aub urn University, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Benjamin S Teeter
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Kara K White
- Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Aub urn University, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Tessa J Hastings
- Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University, 020 James E. Foy Hall, Aub urn University, AL 36849, USA.
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Siegel DA, Wilson R, Wilkinson EJ, Gargano JW, Watson M, Hernandez BY, Goodman MT, Lynch CF, Unger ER, Saraiya M. Evaluation of the Vulvar Cancer Histology Code Reported by Central Cancer Registries: Importance in Epidemiology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 141:139-143. [PMID: 27763794 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0422-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT -Knowing the subtype of vulvar cancer histology is important for estimating human papillomavirus-related cancer etiology. Surveillance of human papillomavirus-related vulvar cancers informs public health decisions related to vaccination against human papillomavirus. OBJECTIVE -To assess the accuracy of registry classifications of vulvar cancer and determine the histologic classification of cases reported as not otherwise specified. DESIGN -Pathology specimens were collected from Florida, Iowa, and Hawaii cancer registries. Registry diagnosis was compared with the pathology report from the medical record and a single expert study histology review of a representative histologic section from each case. RESULTS -The study included 60 invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, 6 Paget disease cases, 2 basal cell carcinoma cases, and 53 in situ cases. Comparing subtypes of invasive vulvar SCC, the registry agreed with the pathology report classification in 49 of 60 cases (81.7%). Study histology review identified the same SCC subtype as the registry in 9 of 60 cases (15.0%) and the same SCC subtype as the pathology report in 11 of 60 cases (18.3%). Whereas the registry and pathology reports classified 37 and 34 cases, respectively, as being SCC not otherwise specified, the study histology review identified a more specific subtype in all cases. CONCLUSIONS -Subtypes of vulvar cancer were frequently recorded as not otherwise specified in the cancer registry primarily because the pathology report often did not specify the histologic subtype. Vulvar cancer registry data are useful for tracking broad diagnostic categories, but are less reliable for vulvar cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mona Saraiya
- From the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Siegel); the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (Dr Saraiya and Mss Wilson and Watson), the Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Drs Gargano and Unger), and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (Drs Gargano and Unger), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; the Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (Dr Wilkinson); the University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu (Dr Hernandez); the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Goodman); and the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Lynch)
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Jones G, Perez S, Huta V, Rosberger Z, Lebel S. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related stigma on HPV vaccine decision-making among college males. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:545-554. [PMID: 27223873 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1192542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of the present study are (1) to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related stigma and (2) to examine the relationship between HPV-related stigma in predicting HPV vaccine decision-making among college males. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred and eighty college males aged 18-26 from 3 Canadian universities were recruited from September 2013 to April 2014. METHODS Participants completed a self-report survey assessing HPV-related stigma, psychosocial predictors of HPV-related stigma, and HPV vaccine decision-making. The results were analyzed using variance analyses and linear regressions. RESULTS Ethnicity, province of residence, and perceived severity of HPV were found to significantly influence HPV-related stigma. In addition, HPV-related stigma was higher in those unaware of the availability of the HPV vaccine for males. CONCLUSIONS Promotion efforts should concentrate on Asian minorities and should avoid HPV severity messaging, as these may lead to higher HPV-related stigma, which in turn may act as a barrier to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georden Jones
- a School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Samara Perez
- b Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- c Department of Psychology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Veronika Huta
- a School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Zeev Rosberger
- b Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research , Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- c Department of Psychology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- d Louise Granofsky Psychosocial Oncology Program , Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- e Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
- f Department of Psychiatry , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Sophie Lebel
- a School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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32
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Hariri S, Markowitz LE, Bennett NM, Niccolai LM, Schafer S, Bloch K, Park IU, Scahill MW, Julian P, Abdullah N, Levine D, Whitney E, Unger ER, Steinau M, Bauer HM, Meek J, Hadler J, Sosa L, Powell SE, Johnson ML. Monitoring Effect of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in US Population, Emerging Infections Program, 2008-2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1557-61. [PMID: 26291379 PMCID: PMC4550135 DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.141841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for surveillance of cervical precancers and associated types were developed to monitor effect of HPV vaccination. In 2007, five Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites were funded to determine the feasibility of establishing a population-based surveillance system for monitoring the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on pre-invasive cervical lesions. The project involved active population-based surveillance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ as well as associated HPV types in women >18 years of age residing in defined catchment areas; collecting relevant clinical information and detailed HPV vaccination histories for women 18–39 years of age; and estimating the annual rate of cervical cancer screening among the catchment area population. The first few years of the project provided key information, including data on HPV type distribution, before expected effect of vaccine introduction. The project’s success exemplifies the flexibility of EIP’s network to expand core activities to include emerging surveillance needs beyond acute infectious diseases. Project results contribute key information regarding the impact of HPV vaccination in the United States.
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Doycheva I, Amer S, Watt KD. De Novo Malignancies After Transplantation: Risk and Surveillance Strategies. Med Clin North Am 2016; 100:551-67. [PMID: 27095645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
De novo malignancies are one of the leading causes of late mortality after liver and kidney transplantation. Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy, followed by posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and solid organ tumors. Immunosuppression is a key factor for cancer development, although many other transplant-related and traditional risk factors also play a role. In this review, the authors summarize risk factors and outcomes of frequently encountered de novo malignancies after liver and kidney transplantation to stratify recipients at highest risk. Future efforts in prospectively validated, cost-effective surveillance strategies that improve survival of these complex patients are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Doycheva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University-Sofia, 1 G. Sofiisky Boulevard, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Syed Amer
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, CH-10, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Caskey R, Andes S, Walton SM. HPV vaccine: Less is more. Vaccine 2016; 34:1863-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause essentially all cervical cancers, most anal and oropharyngeal cancers, and some vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and the availability of newer tests are changing the approach to screening and diagnosis. Molecular tests to detect DNA from the most common high-risk HPVs are FDA approved for use in conjunction with cytology in cervical cancer screening programs. More-specific tests that detect RNA from high-risk HPV types are now also available. The use of molecular tests as the primary screening tests is being adopted in some areas. Genotyping to identify HPV16 and -18 has a recommended role in triaging patients for colposcopy who are high-risk HPV positive but have normal cytology. There are currently no recommended screening methods for anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, or oropharyngeal HPV infections. HPV testing has limited utility in patients at high risk for anal cancer, but p16 immunohistochemistry is recommended to clarify lesions in tissue biopsy specimens that show moderate dysplasia or precancer mimics. HPV testing is recommended for oropharyngeal squamous cell tumors as a prognostic indicator. Ongoing research will help to improve the content of future guidelines for screening and diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Burd
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Shim J, Pérez A, Symanski E, Nyitray AG. Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Human Papillomavirus Cervicovaginal Infection in Women in the United States. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1886-92. [PMID: 26908722 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sufficient level of vitamin D enhances protection against several infectious diseases; however, its association with cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has not been studied. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. A total of 2353 sexually active women for whom cervicovaginal HPV infection status and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level were known were studied. Associations between serum 25(OH)D levels (continuous and categorical forms) and cervicovaginal HPV infection (due to high-risk HPV or vaccine-type HPV) were estimated using weighted logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status, the odds of high-risk HPV infection were increased per each 10 ng/mL decrease in serum 25(OH)D level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.27). Similarly, the odds of vaccine-type HPV infection were increased in women with vitamin D levels that were severely deficient (serum 25[OH]D level, <12 ng/mL; aOR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.32-6.38), deficient (12-19 ng/mL; aOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.08-4.45), and insufficient (20-29 ng/mL; aOR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.22-3.93), compared with those with vitamin D levels that were sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Cervicovaginal HPV prevalence is associated with less-than-optimal levels of serum vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Shim
- Department of Business Intelligence and Analytics, Texas Children's Health Plan, Houston
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Alan G Nyitray
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston
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Rahman M, Islam M, Berenson AB. Differences in HPV Immunization Levels Among Young Adults in Various Regions of the United States. J Community Health 2016; 40:404-8. [PMID: 25669443 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-9995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HPV vaccine uptake in young adult women in the Southern US has been previously found to be the lowest in the country. In addition, geographic variation with regard to HPV vaccination among young adult men has not been investigated yet. The objective of this study was to use the most recent data to determine if inequality still exists. We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 data from 8 states (no data available from Midwest) to examine the geographic variations in weighted proportion of adults who initiated (≥ 1 dose) and completed (3 doses) the HPV vaccine among 3727 young adults (2014 women and 1713 men) 18-26 years old based on self-reported HPV vaccination and socio-demographic characteristics. The weighted vaccine initiation and completion rates among men were: 6.3 and 1.7% overall, 8.5 and 2.2% in the Northeast, 6.7 and 1.6% in the West, and 4.9 and 1.4% in the South (p = 0.184 and 0.774). The rates among women were: 40.4% and 27.4, 58.7 and 45.6%, 39.0 and 24.8%, and 30.4 and 17.7% in the respective regions (p < 0.001 for both). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression showed that women living in the South and West were less likely to initiate and complete the 3-dose HPV vaccine series when compared to those in the Northeast. Despite an increase in HPV vaccine uptake among young adult women in all regions, geographic disparity still exists. Moreover, young adult men had very low HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates throughout the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-0587, USA,
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Korkidakis A, Bryson P, Jamieson MA. Outcomes of a Decade of Routine Cervical Screening in a Canadian Adolescent Obstetrics Clinic. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2016; 38:51-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Joseph NP, Shea K, Porter CL, Walsh JP, Belizaire M, Estervine G, Perkins R. Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptance Among Haitian and African-American parents of Adolescent Sons. J Natl Med Assoc 2015; 107:80-8. [PMID: 27269494 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Cecilia Marquez, Justine Lavoye, Elaine Shu and Hailey Tipton for their efforts with participant recruitment and data collection. OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices related to HPV vaccination among African-Americans and Haitian immigrant parents, and to compare vaccination rates of their sons. STUDY DESIGN We performed semi-structured interviews with parents of boys aged 11-17 who had not yet received the HPV vaccine. We used validated surveys of HPV knowledge, trust in physicians, and intention to vaccinate. We probed participants' thought processes about HPV vaccination, and examined parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices toward HPV vaccination using open-ended questions. We then reviewed medical records to determine whether sons were subsequently vaccinated. RESULTS 25 African-American and 30 Haitian immigrant parents and legal guardians participated in the study. Haitian immigrants were more likely to be married and to practice a religion than African-Americans. Both groups had limited knowledge of HPV (32% of questions were answered correctly by Haitian immigrants vs. 31% by African-Americans). Sixty-four percent of African-Americans and 79% of Haitians intended to vaccinate their sons, however only 24% of African-American and 20% of Haitian sons received vaccination within 12 months of the interview. Open-ended questions revealed that most African-Americans felt that vaccination fell within the parental role, while some Haitian immigrants felt uncomfortable vaccinating against sexually transmitted infections because they felt children should not be having sex. Both groups wanted more information about HPV vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Improving HPV vaccine rates in Haitian and African-American boys may require culturally competent approaches that address ethnic-specific barriers among their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pierre Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine.
| | | | - Courtney L Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Jared P Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Myrdell Belizaire
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Ginette Estervine
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Perkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center
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Oei AL, van Leeuwen CM, ten Cate R, Rodermond HM, Buist MR, Stalpers LJA, Crezee J, Kok HP, Medema JP, Franken NAP. Hyperthermia Selectively Targets Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Tumors via p53-Dependent Apoptosis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5120-9. [PMID: 26573798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical cancer, the third most common cancer in women. The high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 are found in over 70% of cervical cancers and produce the oncoprotein, early protein 6 (E6), which binds to p53 and mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. Targeting E6 has been shown to be a promising treatment option to eliminate HPV-positive tumor cells. In addition, combined hyperthermia with radiation is a very effective treatment strategy for cervical cancer. In this study, we examined the effect of hyperthermia on HPV-positive cells using cervical cancer cell lines infected with HPV 16 and 18, in vivo tumor models, and ex vivo-treated patient biopsies. Strikingly, we demonstrate that a clinically relevant hyperthermia temperature of 42 °C for 1 hour resulted in E6 degradation, thereby preventing the formation of the E6-p53 complex and enabling p53-dependent apoptosis and G2-phase arrest. Moreover, hyperthermia combined with p53 depletion restored both the cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis to control levels. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of HPV-positive cervical cancer and suggest that hyperthermia therapy could improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene L Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar M van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie ten Cate
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans M Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marrije R Buist
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Petra Kok
- Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A P Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nelson EJ, Shacham E, Boutwell BB, Rosenfeld R, Schootman M, Vaughn M, Lewis R. Childhood lead exposure and sexually transmitted infections: New evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:131-137. [PMID: 26479187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adverse health effects of lead exposure in children are well documented and include intellectual and behavioral maladies. Childhood lead exposure has also been linked to impulsive behaviors, which, in turn, are associated with a host of negative health outcomes including an increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of lead exposure with STI rates across census tracts in St. Louis City, Missouri. METHODS Incident cases of gonorrhea and chlamydia (GC) during 2011 were identified from the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services and aggregated by census tract. We also geocoded the home address of 59,645 children >72 months in age who had blood lead level tests performed in St. Louis City from 1996 to 2007. Traditional regression and Bayesian spatial models were used to determine the relationship between GC and lead exposure while accounting for confounders (condom and alcohol availability, crime, and an index of concentrated disadvantage). RESULTS Incident GC rates were found to cluster across census tracts (Moran's I=0.13, p=0.006). After accounting for confounders and their spatial dependence, a linear relationship existed between lead exposure and GC incidence across census tracts, with higher GC rates occurring in the northern part of St. Louis City CONCLUSIONS At the census-tract level, higher lead exposure is associated with higher STI rates. Visualizing these patterns through maps may help deliver targeted interventions to reduce geographic disparities in GC rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104-1399, USA.
| | - Enbal Shacham
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104-1399, USA
| | - Brian B Boutwell
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104-1399, USA; School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103-1021, USA.
| | - Richard Rosenfeld
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 6312, USA.
| | - Mario Schootman
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104-1399, USA
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103-1021, USA
| | - Roger Lewis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63104-1399, USA.
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Hirth JM, Rahman M, Smith JS, Berenson AB. Regional variations in HPV vaccination among 9-17 year old adolescent females from the BRFSS, 2008-2010. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3475-83. [PMID: 25668660 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.980202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among 18-26 y old women varies by geographic region in the US. However, little is known about regional variations in vaccination among girls who are in the vaccine's targeted age groups. Regional variation in HPV vaccination among female adolescents (9-17 y old) was examined using cross-sectional data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) between 2008 and 2010. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association of region of residence (10 states included questions about adolescent HPV vaccination) with uptake and completion of the 3-shot HPV vaccine series. Among 7,849 adolescents, 26.9% initiated, and 55.2% of initiators completed the series. Adolescents from Northeast/Midwest/West states were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.45-2.10) times more likely to have initiated HPV vaccination compared to the South/Southwestern states. Among initiators, vaccine series completion did not vary significantly between the South/Southwestern and Northeast/Midwest/West states. Flu vaccination was associated with increased odds of initiation in both regions and completion of the HPV vaccine series in the South/Southwestern states only. Girls 9-10 and 11-12 y old were less likely to have initiated and 11-12 y olds were less likely to have completed the HPV vaccine series compared to 13-17 y olds. The observed regional variations in vaccination could cause rates of cervical cancer to remain higher in the South/Southwest and widen currently observed regional disparities in cervical cancer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Hirth
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health ; University of Texas Medical Branch ; Galveston , TX USA
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Molecular genotyping of human papillomavirus l1 gene in low-risk and high-risk populations in Bangkok. Sex Transm Dis 2015; 42:208-17. [PMID: 25763674 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Thailand are a public health concern, but information on HPV infection in sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM) is limited. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among low- and high-risk, HIV-negative populations. METHODS A total of 300 participants were categorized as general women, female sex workers, MSM, and MSM sex workers. Human papillomavirus infections were identified by the Papanicolaou test and nested polymerase chain reaction. A phylogenetic analysis of partial HPV L1 genes was performed. RESULTS Abnormal cytology was found in 5% of general women, 10% of female sex workers, 24% of MSM, and 28% of MSM sex workers. Human papillomavirus was detected in 9% of general women, 13% of female sex workers, and 30% in both MSM and the MSM sex workers. The prevalence of HPV high-risk genotypes was significantly higher in female sex workers and MSM, whereas low-risk genotypes and genital warts were significantly higher in MSM sex workers. Significantly more patients with genital warts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I/anal intraepithelial neoplasia I harbored low-risk genotypes, whereas those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II/anal intraepithelial neoplasia II harbored high-risk genotypes. CONCLUSIONS High- and low-risk HPV genotypes persist in high-risk groups in Bangkok. Some genotypes infecting at-risk populations are not vaccine preventable. These findings may help to elucidate the prevalence of HPV infections in Thailand and serve as the basis for additional investigations into risk factors for these populations.
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Zou H, Wang W, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhao F, Wang S, Zhang S, Ma W. How university students view human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: A cross-sectional study in Jinan, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:39-46. [PMID: 26308701 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1072667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The acceptability of HPV vaccination among university students in China is not well understood. Our study was of cross-sectional study design. We collected a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of, attitude toward and acceptability of HPV vaccination. A total of 351 students were included in data analyses, among whom 47.6% were males and 70.0% aged 19-21. Only 10.3% had previously heard of HPV and 5.4% HPV vaccine. Male and female students were equally likely to accept HPV vaccine (71.8 vs 69.4%, p = 0.634) and recommend it to sexual partners (73.1 vs 76.7%, p = 0.441). The great majority of students could only afford RMB 300 (USD 50) or less for HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination acceptance was associated with being in year-one (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.12-6.75), being from a key university (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.07-3.31), having heard of HPV-related morbidities (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05-3.35), being concerned about HPV-related morbidities (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.16-4.27) and believing the vaccine should be given before first sexual contact (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.38-4.29). Female students were more likely to anticipate a late uptake of HPV vaccination (p = 0.002). The relatively lower levels of HPV knowledge but higher levels of vaccine acceptance among undergraduates highlighted the need for education on the roles of sexual behaviors in HPV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Zou
- a Kirby Institute; University of New South Wales ; Sydney , Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- b Department of Epidemiology ; School of Public Health; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- c School of Finance & Economics; Shandong Jiaotong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- d School of Public Health; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- e Department of Epidemiology ; Cancer Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College ; Beijing , China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- e Department of Epidemiology ; Cancer Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College ; Beijing , China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- e Department of Epidemiology ; Cancer Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College ; Beijing , China
| | - Wei Ma
- b Department of Epidemiology ; School of Public Health; Shandong University ; Jinan , China
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Paiva I, Gil da Costa RM, Ribeiro J, Sousa H, Bastos MMSM, Faustino-Rocha A, Lopes C, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R. MicroRNA-21 expression and susceptibility to HPV-induced carcinogenesis - role of microenvironment in K14-HPV16 mice model. Life Sci 2015; 128:8-14. [PMID: 25771247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Paiva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, no. 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
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Paiva I, Gil da Costa RM, Ribeiro J, Sousa H, Bastos M, Rocha AFC, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R. A role for microRNA-155 expression in microenvironment associated to HPV-induced carcinogenesis in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116868. [PMID: 25625305 PMCID: PMC4308071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus cause a number of diseases most notably cervical cancer. K14-HPV16 transgenic mice expressing the HPV16 early genes in squamous epithelial cells provide a suitable experimental model for studying these diseases. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression and have been suggested to play an important role in cancer development. The role of miR-155 in cancer remains controversial and there is limited evidence linking this miRNA to HPV- associated diseases. We hypothesized that miR-155 expression modulates each tissue’s susceptibility to develop HPV-associated carcinogenesis. In this study, we analyzed miR-155 expression in ear and chest skin samples from 22-26 weeks old, female K14-HPV16 transgenic (HPV16+/-) and wild-type (HPV-/-) mice. Among wild-type mice the expression of miR-155 was lower in ear skin compared with chest skin (p = 0.028). In transgenic animals, in situ carcinoma was present in all ear samples whereas chest tissues only showed epidermal hyperplasia. Furthermore, in hyperplastic chest skin samples, miR-155 expression was lower than in normal chest skin (p = 0,026). These results suggest that miR-155 expression may modulate the microenvironmental susceptibility to cancer development and that high miR155 levels may be protective against the carcinogenesis induced by HPV16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Paiva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050–313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200–465, Porto, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Bastos
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200–465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faustino Carlos Rocha
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001–911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001–801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001–911, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050–313, Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
- Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro–Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, n°6657, 4200–177 Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Donahue KL, Hendrix KS, Sturm LA, Zimet GD. Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation among 9–13-year-olds in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:892-898. [PMID: 26594616 PMCID: PMC4652326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The quadrivalent and 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are licensed for administration among 9–26-year-old males and females, with routine vaccination recommended for 11–12-year-olds. Despite the availability of the vaccine at younger ages, few studies have explored vaccine uptake prior to age 13, and national HPV vaccination surveillance data is limited to 13–17-year-olds. Our objective was to examine rates and predictors of HPV vaccine initiation among 9–13-year-olds in the United States. A national sample of mothers of 9–13-year-olds in the United States (N = 2446) completed a 2014 Web-based survey assessing socio-demographic characteristics, child's HPV vaccination history, provider communication regarding the vaccine, and other attitudes and behaviors pertaining to vaccination and healthcare utilization. The main outcome measure was child's initiation of the HPV vaccine (i.e., receipt of one or more doses). Approximately 35% of the full sample and 27.5% of the 9–10-year-olds had initiated HPV vaccination. Females were more likely than males to have initiated HPV vaccination by the age of 13 but not by younger ages. Strength of health provider recommendation regarding HPV vaccination was a particularly salient predictor of vaccine initiation. Approximately a third of children may be initiating the HPV vaccine series before or during the targeted age range for routine administration of the vaccine. Because coverage remains below national targets, further research aimed at increasing vaccination during early adolescence is needed. Improving providers' communication with parents about the HPV vaccine may be one potential mechanism for increasing vaccine coverage. Approximately 35% of 9–13-year-olds had initiated the HPV vaccine series. A quarter of 9–10-year-olds had initiated the HPV vaccine series. At age 13, females were more likely than males to have initiated HPV vaccination. No gender difference in HPV vaccine initiation was found prior to age 13. Provider recommendation was a particularly salient predictor of HPV vaccination
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Steinau M, Saraiya M, Goodman MT, Peters ES, Watson M, Cleveland JL, Lynch CF, Wilkinson EJ, Hernandez BY, Copeland G, Saber MS, Hopenhayn C, Huang Y, Cozen W, Lyu C, Unger ER. Human papillomavirus prevalence in oropharyngeal cancer before vaccine introduction, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:822-8. [PMID: 24751181 PMCID: PMC4012803 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.131311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine prevalence of HPV types in oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and establish a prevaccine baseline for monitoring the impact of vaccination. HPV DNA was extracted from tumor tissue samples from patients in whom cancer was diagnosed during 1995–2005. The samples were obtained from cancer registries and Residual Tissue Repository Program sites in the United States. HPV was detected and typed by using PCR reverse line blot assays. Among 557 invasive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 72% were positive for HPV and 62% for vaccine types HPV16 or 18. Prevalence of HPV-16/18 was lower in women (53%) than in men (66%), and lower in non-Hispanic Black patients (31%) than in other racial/ethnic groups (68%–80%). Results indicate that vaccines could prevent most oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, but their effect may vary by demographic variables.
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancers from 7 US cancer registries before vaccine introduction. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2014; 18:182-9. [PMID: 24477171 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0b013e3182a577c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a baseline study of human papillomavirus (HPV) type prevalence in invasive cervical cancers (ICCs) using data from 7 cancer registries (CRs) in the United States. Cases were diagnosed between 1994 and 2005 before the implementation of the HPV vaccines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer registries from Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Hawaii, Iowa, and Los Angeles, California identified eligible ICC cases and obtained sections from representative blocks of archived tumor specimens for DNA extraction. All extracts were assayed by linear array and, if inadequate or HPV negative, retested with INNO-LiPA Genotype test. Clinical and demographic factors were obtained from the CRs and merged with the HPV typing data to analyze factors associated with different types and with HPV negativity. RESULTS A total of 777 ICCs were included in this analysis, with broad geographic, age, and race distribution. Overall, HPV was detected in 91% of cases, including 51% HPV-16, 16% HPV-18 (HPV-16-negative), and 24% other oncogenic and rare types. After HPV-16 and -18, the most common types were 45, 33, 31, 35, and 52. Older age and nonsquamous histology were associated with HPV-negative typing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides baseline prevaccine HPV types for postvaccine ICC surveillance in the future. HPV-16 and/or -18 were found in 67% of ICCs, indicating the potential for vaccines to prevent a significant number of cervical cancers.
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HPV in genital cancers (at the exception of cervical cancer) and anal cancers. Presse Med 2014; 43:e423-8. [PMID: 25455637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been firmly established as a central and necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer and it has been etiologically linked to other anogenital (vulva, vagina, anus and penis) and head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal. Although being rare, the incidence of some of these cancers in some countries has increased in the last decades. HPV-related anogenital tumors share many risk factors with cervical cancer. The HPV aetiological contribution differs in each anatomical location reflecting differences in the natural history and viral tissue tropism. The highest prevalence of HPV DNA in cancers other than cervix has been described for anal, followed by vagina, penile and vulvar cancers. HPV16 has been described as the most common type detected in all cancer sites with different contributions being the highest in anal carcinoma (around 80% of HPV DNA positive anal cancers) and the lowest in vaginal cancers with a contribution similar to that found in cervical cancers (around 60%). Current HPV vaccines have already demonstrated their efficacy in preventing anogenital pre-neoplastic lesions caused by vaccine HPV types. HPV-based prevention tools like HPV vaccination and to a lesser extend screening (e.g. for anal cancer) can be useful measures for reducing the burden of these anogenital cancers.
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