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Li Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Hathcock SF, Cai Y, Busa P, Pang S, Tan L, Kim BJ, Zhao C. Galacturonic acid-capsaicin prodrug for prolonged nociceptive-selective nerve blockade. J Control Release 2024; 371:324-337. [PMID: 38823584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need to develop nerve-blocking agents capable of inducing long duration sensory block without muscle weakness or paralysis to treat post-operative and chronic pain conditions. Here, we report a galacturonic acid-capsaicin (GalA-CAP) prodrug as an effective nociceptive-selective axon blocking agent. Capsaicin selectively acts on nociceptive signaling without motor nerve blockade or disruption of proprioception and touch sensation, and the galacturonic acid moiety enhance prodrug permeability across the restrictive peripheral nerve barriers (PNBs) via carrier-mediated transport by the facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs). In addition, following prodrug transport across PNBs, the inactive prodrug is converted to active capsaicin through linker hydrolysis, leading to sustained drug release. A single injection of GalA-CAP prodrug at the sciatic nerves of rats led to nociceptive-selective nerve blockade lasting for 234 ± 37 h, which is a sufficient duration to address the most intense period of postsurgical pain. Furthermore, the prodrug markedly mitigated capsaicin-associated side effects, leading to a notable decrease in systemic toxicity, benign local tissue reactions, and diminished burning and irritant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qiuyun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sarah F Hathcock
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yuhao Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Stephany Pang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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2
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Yadav D, Yadav A, Bhattacharya S, Dagar A, Kumar V, Rani R. GLUT and HK: Two primary and essential key players in tumor glycolysis. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:17-27. [PMID: 38494080 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to become "glycolysis-dominant," which enables them to meet their energy and macromolecule needs and enhancing their rate of survival. This glycolytic-dominancy is known as the "Warburg effect", a significant factor in the growth and invasion of malignant tumors. Many studies confirmed that members of the GLUT family, specifically HK-II from the HK family play a pivotal role in the Warburg effect, and are closely associated with glucose transportation followed by glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Overexpression of GLUTs and HK-II correlates with aggressive tumor behaviour and tumor microenvironment making them attractive therapeutic targets. Several studies have proven that the regulation of GLUTs and HK-II expression improves the treatment outcome for various tumors. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors targeting GLUT and HK-II show promise in sensitizing cancer cells to treatment, either alone or in combination with existing therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Despite existing therapies, viable methods to target the glycolysis of cancer cells are currently lacking to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This review explores the current understanding of GLUT and HK-II in cancer metabolism, recent inhibitor developments, and strategies for future drug development, offering insights into improving cancer treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India; Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubha Yadav
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Akansha Dagar
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| | - Reshma Rani
- Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Su R, Zhao S, Zhang J, Cao M, Peng S. Metabolic influences on T cell in psoriasis: a literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279846. [PMID: 38035065 PMCID: PMC10684739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease that frequently coexists with various other conditions, such as essential hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. The association between these diseases may be attributed to shared inflammatory pathways and abnormal immunomodulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, metabolites also play a regulatory role in the function of different immune cells involved in psoriasis pathogenesis, particularly T lymphocytes. In this review, we have summarized the current research progress on T cell metabolism in psoriasis, encompassing the regulation of metabolites in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other pathways within T cells affected by psoriasis. We will also explore the interaction and mechanism between psoriatic metabolites and immune cells. Moreover, we further discussed the research progress of metabolomics in psoriasis to gain a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and identify potential new therapeutic targets through identification of metabolic biomarkers associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- *Correspondence: Shiguang Peng, ; Rina Su,
| | | | | | | | - Shiguang Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Jin H, Liu X, Liu HX. Biological function, regulatory mechanism, and clinical application of mannose in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188970. [PMID: 37657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the regulatory roles and clinical applications of monosaccharides other than glucose in cancer have been neglected. Mannose, a common type of monosaccharide found in human body fluids and tissues, primarily functions in protein glycosylation rather than carbohydrate metabolism. Recent research has demonstrated direct anticancer effects of mannose in vitro and in vivo. Simply supplementing cell culture medium or drinking water with mannose achieved these effects. Moreover, mannose enhances the effectiveness of current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune therapy. Besides the advancements in basic research on the anticancer effects of mannose, recent studies have reported its application as a biomarker for cancer or in the delivery of anticancer drugs using mannose-modified drug delivery systems. This review discusses the progress made in understanding the regulatory roles of mannose in cancer progression, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, and its current application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Xu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China; Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Yu DM, Zhao J, Lee EE, Kim D, Mahapatra R, Rose EK, Zhou Z, Hosler C, El Kurdi A, Choe JY, Abel ED, Hoxhaj G, Westover KD, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Wang RC. GLUT3 promotes macrophage signaling and function via RAS-mediated endocytosis in atopic dermatitis and wound healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170706. [PMID: 37721853 PMCID: PMC10617774 DOI: 10.1172/jci170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The facilitative GLUT1 and GLUT3 hexose transporters are expressed abundantly in macrophages, but whether they have distinct functions remains unclear. We confirmed that GLUT1 expression increased after M1 polarization stimuli and found that GLUT3 expression increased after M2 stimulation in macrophages. Conditional deletion of Glut3 (LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl) impaired M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis showed increased GLUT3 expression, and a calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis was rescued in LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice. M2-like macrophages expressed GLUT3 in human wound tissues as assessed by transcriptomics and costaining, and GLUT3 expression was significantly decreased in nonhealing, compared with healing, diabetic foot ulcers. In an excisional wound healing model, LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice showed significantly impaired M2 macrophage polarization and delayed wound healing. GLUT3 promoted IL-4/STAT6 signaling, independently of its glucose transport activity. Unlike plasma membrane-localized GLUT1, GLUT3 was localized primarily to endosomes and was required for the efficient endocytosis of IL-4Rα subunits. GLUT3 interacted directly with GTP-bound RAS in vitro and in vivo through its intracytoplasmic loop domain, and this interaction was required for efficient STAT6 activation and M2 polarization. PAK activation and macropinocytosis were also impaired without GLUT3, suggesting broader roles for GLUT3 in the regulation of endocytosis. Thus, GLUT3 is required for efficient alternative macrophage polarization and function, through a glucose transport-independent, RAS-mediated role in the regulation of endocytosis and IL-4/STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dohun Kim
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Ruchika Mahapatra
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Calvin Hosler
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond J. Cho
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Chen C, Yi X, Liu P, Li J, Yan B, Zhang D, Zhu L, Yu P, Li L, Zhang J, Kuang Y, Zhao S, Zhu W, Peng C, Chen X. CD147 Facilitates the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis through Glycolysis and H3K9me3 Modification in Keratinocytes. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0167. [PMID: 37303600 PMCID: PMC10249783 DOI: 10.34133/research.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring rapid proliferation of epidermal cells. Although elevated glycolysis flux has been reported in psoriasis, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. We investigated the role of the integral membrane protein CD147 in psoriasis pathogenesis, observing its high expression in psoriatic skin lesions of humans and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse models. In mouse models, genomic deletion of epidermal CD147 markedly attenuated IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation. We found that CD147 interacted with glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Depletion of CD147 in the epidermis blocked glucose uptake and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. In CD147-knockout mice and keratinocytes, oxidative phosphorylation was increased in the epidermis, indicating CD147's pivotal role in glycolysis reprogramming during pathogenesis of psoriasis. Using non-targeted and targeted metabolic techniques, we found that epidermal deletion of CD147 significantly increased the production of carnitine and α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG). Depletion of CD147 also increased transcriptional expression and activity of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (γ-BBD/BBOX1), a crucial molecule for carnitine metabolism, by inhibiting histone trimethylations of H3K9. Our findings demonstrate that CD147 is critical in metabolic reprogramming through the α-KG-H3K9me3-BBOX1 axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, indicating that epidermal CD147 is a promising target for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Detian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nayan MIH, Alam MM, Jamil MA, Hossain MI, Haq I, Hannan J. Pharmacological effect of Heritiera fomes on Long Evans rats against Postprandial Hyperglycemia and adsorption in vitro. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:189-197. [PMID: 37255798 PMCID: PMC10225449 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural restoratives from traditional medicinal plants are considered to be a convenient, potent, and risk-free substitute treatment for hyperglycaemia. Our objective was to explore the activity of the crude extract of Heritiera fomes on postprandial hyperglycaemia by assessing relative measurements in a laboratory animal model. Methods The Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat (n = 88, twenty-two per group) was used for the glucose tolerance test as an initial support for the study. BaSO4 was administered orally as a marker to measure gut motility after one hour of methanolic extract (500 mg/kg body weight) administration where, only purified water (10 ml/kg) was used to treat the control group (n = 12) and a dose (500 mg/kg) of H. fomes extract was used for the test group (n = 12 in each group). After 60 min of incubation of the mixture of extract and glucose with 10% (v/v) yeast cell suspension, the absorbance was measured to determine the capacity of glucose absorption by yeast cells. Sixty Long Evans rats (n = 12 in each group) were used to assess disaccharidase enzyme activity as µmol/mg protein per hour by Lowry's protein estimation method. The carbohydrate absorption investigation was executed to evaluate the leftover sucrose content in the gastrointestinal system (n = 64). Results After oral administration of MHFL (71.84%), MHFB (71.41%), and MHFR (72.55%), GI motility (%) increased significantly (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (59.06%). A significant increase in glucose uptake and adsorption capacity measured by different concentrations of glucose ensures the decrease of glucose bound rate and a significant drop in blood glucose concentration. The significant (p < 0.001) decrease in intestinal disaccharidase activity of MHFL (1.40), MHFB (1.36), and MHFR (1.20) in comparison to the control group (1.50) indicates that the presence of H. fomes may reduce glucose absorption in the small bowel. Significant (p < 0.001 & p < 0.05) accumulation of sucrose content in the six different parts of the GI tract suggests the absorption of sucrose was decreased. Conclusions The findings of this study provide evidence on probable mechanisms for the anti-diabetic characteristics of H. fomes, and it is predicted that this plant will be studied further for the development of strong anti-hyperglycemic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Mohibul Alam
- Training Department, Eskayef Pharmaceuticals Limited, 1213 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abrar Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Iqramul Haq
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J.M.A. Hannan
- School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University Bangladesh, 1229 Dhaka, Bangladesh
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8
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Sohn EJ, Kim JH, Oh SO, Kim JY. Regulation of self-renewal in ovarian cancer stem cells by fructose via chaperone-mediated autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166723. [PMID: 37087023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway is deregulated in different types of cancers; however, its role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) is unknown yet. Development of ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecological type of cancer, involves the metastasis of CSCs to the abdominal cavity. This study aims to determine the role of CMA in ovarian CSCs. We found that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and trehalose, a disaccharide that induces TFEB activation, enhance the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) stem cell and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) CMA markers. However, trehalose did not increase the level of the LC3II macroautophagy marker in ovarian CSCs. In A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian CSCs, LAMP2A and heat shock protein 70 (HSC70) exhibited higher expression levels than in normal adherent cells. Our results showed that the silencing of the LAMP2A gene resulted in reduced sphere formation and enhanced GLUT5 expression in ovarian CSCs. Moreover, the treatment with fructose reduced sphere formation and enhanced the expression levels of LAMP2A, SOX2, and OCT4 in ovarian CSCs. The KEGG functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in the ferroptosis pathway in A2780-spheroid (SP) cells after treatment with fructose. In A2780-SP and SKOV3-SP cells, the level of SLC7A11 decreased whereas FTH increased after treatment with fructose. Taken together, our results suggest that CMA is mediated in CSCs via fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.; Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sec-Ok Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Korea School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- The School of Korean Medicine Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korea Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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9
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Chałaśkiewicz K, Karaś K, Zakłos-Szyda M, Karwaciak I, Pastwińska J, Koziołkiewicz M, Ratajewski M. Trichostatin a inhibits expression of the human SLC2A5 gene via SNAI1/SNAI2 transcription factors and sensitizes colon cancer cells to platinum compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175728. [PMID: 37062501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
GLUT5, a key protein encoded by the SLC2A5 gene, is involved in the uptake of fructose from the intestine. Currently, with the increased consumption of this sugar and the associated increased incidence of obesity, diabetes and cancer, GLUT5 may represent an important molecular target in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the SNAI1 and SNAI2 transcription factors in cells expressing high levels of SLC2A5 mRNA reduced SLC2A5 gene expression. Furthermore, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, which induces SNAI1 and SNAI2 expression, inhibits SLC2A5/GLUT5 expression and sensitizes colon cancer cells to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. This finding might have potential relevance for the development of therapeutic treatments aimed at modulating fructose transport or genes involved in this process for use with certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Koziołkiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Carbó R, Rodríguez E. Relevance of Sugar Transport across the Cell Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076085. [PMID: 37047055 PMCID: PMC10094530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transport through the plasma membrane is one of the most critical events in the cellular transport of nutrients; for example, glucose has a central role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. The way sugars enter the cell involves complex systems. Diverse protein systems participate in the membrane traffic of the sugars from the extracellular side to the cytoplasmic side. This diversity makes the phenomenon highly regulated and modulated to satisfy the different needs of each cell line. The beautiful thing about this process is how evolutionary processes have diversified a single function: to move glucose into the cell. The deregulation of these entrance systems causes some diseases. Hence, it is necessary to study them and search for a way to correct the alterations and utilize these mechanisms to promote health. This review will highlight the various mechanisms for importing the valuable sugars needed to create cellular homeostasis and survival in all kinds of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Carbó
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55557-32911 (ext. 25704)
| | - Emma Rodríguez
- Cardiology Laboratory at Translational Research Unit UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
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11
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Yang YF, Tsai KW, Chang PMH, Chang YC. Editorial: Metabolism-based omics integrations, biosensors, and molecular mechanisms in human cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1159545. [PMID: 37007146 PMCID: PMC10062387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1159545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imagine and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yu-Chan Chang,
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12
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Hossein Karimi Darvanjooghi M, Kaur K, Magdouli S, Kaur Brar S. Extracellular polymeric substances overproduction strategy in Ferroplasma acidiphilum growth for biooxidation of low-grade gold bearing ore: Role of monosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128476. [PMID: 36509301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces and the affecting factors is important in biomining pretreatment. In this research, the novelty is focused on studying the monosaccharide's impact on the adaptability and adhesivity of Ferroplasma acidiphilum for oxidization of sulfide-bearing ore containing pyrite harboring 98 % of gold in its crystal lattice. d-sucrose increased EPS production with the highest amount of pyrite dissolution (69 %) as compared to the other types of monosaccharides (d-galactose and d-fructose). Addition of 0.8 wt% d-sucrose enhanced the production of ferric ions 65 % for the ore load of 20 wt% while for the addition of 0.4 wt%, the ferric ions concentration was maximum up to 95 %. The results indicated that the addition of both yeast extract and d-sucrose with the concentration of 0.4 wt% enhanced the EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances) biovolume fraction from 7.5 to 32.5 v/v %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Research Centre of Energy, Mining, and Environment (EME), National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sara Magdouli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
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13
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Chetri S. The culmination of multidrug-resistant efflux pumps vs. meager antibiotic arsenal era: Urgent need for an improved new generation of EPIs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149418. [PMID: 37138605 PMCID: PMC10149990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps function as an advanced defense system against antimicrobials by reducing the concentration of drugs inside the bacteria and extruding the substances outside. Various extraneous substances, including antimicrobials, toxic heavy metals, dyes, and detergents, have been removed by this protective barrier composed of diverse transporter proteins found in between the cell membrane and the periplasm within the bacterial cell. In this review, multiple efflux pump families have been analytically and widely outlined, and their potential applications have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this review also discusses a variety of biological functions of efflux pumps, including their role in the formation of biofilms, quorum sensing, their survivability, and the virulence in bacteria, and the genes/proteins associated with efflux pumps have also been explored for their potential relevance to antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue detection. A final discussion centers around efflux pump inhibitors, particularly those derived from plants.
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14
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Zhang Y, Qin H, Bian J, Ma Z, Yi H. SLC2As as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in LUAD patients through bioinformatic analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1045179. [PMID: 36518662 PMCID: PMC9742449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1045179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), which are encoded by solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) genes, are responsible for mediating glucose absorption. In order to meet their higher energy demands, cancer cells are more likely than normal tissue cells to have elevated glucose transporters. Multiple pathogenic processes, such as cancer and immunological disorders, have been linked to GLUTs. Few studies, meanwhile, have been conducted on individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to evaluate all 14 SLC2A genes. We first identified increased protein levels of SLC2A1, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, and SLC2A9 via HPA database and downregulated mRNA levels of SLC2A3, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, and SLC2A14 by ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases in patients with LUAD. Additionally, lower levels of SLC2A3, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, SLC2A12, and SLC2A14 and higher levels of SLC2A1, SLC2A5, SLC2A10, and SLC2A11 had an association with advanced tumor stage. SLC2A1, SLC2A7, and SLC2A11 were identified as prognostic signatures for LUAD. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression and ROC analyses further revealed that these three genes signature was a novel and important prognostic factor. Mechanistically, the aberrant expression of these molecules was caused, in part, by the hypomethylation of SLC2A3, SLC2A10, and SLC2A14 and by the hypermethylation of SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, SLC2A7, and SLC2A11. Additionally, SLC2A3, SLC2A5, SLC2A6, SLC2A9, and SLC2A14 contributed to LUAD by positively modulating M2 macrophage and T cell exhaustion. Finally, pathways involving SLC2A1/BUB1B/mitotic cell cycle, SLC2A5/CD86/negative regulation of immune system process, SLC2A6/PLEK/lymphocyte activation, SLC2A9/CD4/regulation of cytokine production might participate in the pathogenesis of LUAD. In summary, our results will provide the theoretical basis on SLC2As as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Echocardiography Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Zhai G, Zhang Z, Dong C. Mutagenesis and functional analysis of SotB: A multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily from Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024639. [PMID: 36386622 PMCID: PMC9650428 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the major facilitator superfamily multidrug (MFS Mdr) transporters can lead to a variety of serious diseases in human. In bacteria, such membrane proteins are often associated with bacterial resistance. However, as one of the MFS Mdr transporters, the physiological function of SotB from Escherichia coli is poorly understood to date. To better understand the function and mechanism of SotB, a systematic study on this MFS Mdr transporter was carried out. In this study, SotB was found to directly efflux L-arabinose in E. coli by overexpressing sotB gene combined with cell based radiotracer uptake assay. Besides, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies, the L-arabinose inhibition assays, together with precise molecular docking analysis, reveal the following: (i) the functional importance of E29 (protonation), H115/N343 (substrate recognition), and W119/S339 (substrate efflux) in the SotB mediated export of L-arabinose, and (ii) for the first time find that D-xylose, an isomer of L-arabinose, likely hinders the binding of L-arabinose with SotB as a competitive inhibitor. Finally, by analyzing the structure of SotB2 (shares 62.8% sequence similarity with SotB) predicted by AlphaFold 2, the different molecular mechanism of substrate recognition between SotB and SotB2 is explained. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of MFS Mdr transporter SotB. The structural information, together with the biochemical inspections in this study, provide a valuable framework for further deciphering the functional mechanisms of the physiologically important L-arabinose transporter SotB and its family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjiang Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Manzoor MF, Arif Z, Kabir A, Mehmood I, Munir D, Razzaq A, Ali A, Goksen G, Coşier V, Ahmad N, Ali M, Rusu A. Oxidative stress and metabolic diseases: Relevance and therapeutic strategies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994309. [PMID: 36324618 PMCID: PMC9621294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prominent cause of death worldwide, posing a threat to the global economy and public health. A mechanism that causes the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Various processes are involved in oxidative stress (OS) of lipoprotein. Although the concept of the syndrome has been fiercely debated, this confluence of risk factors is associated with a higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance has been found to play a significant role in the progression of these metabolism-associated conditions. It causes lipid profile abnormalities, including greater sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, contributing to the increased prevalence of T2DM and atherosclerosis. This review aims to cover the most recent scientific developments in dietary OS, the consequence of metabolic disorders, and their most significant clinical manifestations (T2DM and atherosclerosis). It will also emphasize the effects of dietary approaches in alleviating OS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaira Arif
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Kabir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Mehmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Danial Munir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Razzaq
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Viorica Coşier
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nazir Ahmad
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Murtaza Ali
| | - Alexandru Rusu
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Rusu
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17
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Shirai I, Karasawa K, Kodaira Y, Iwasaki Y, Shigemura Y, Makabe H, Katayama S. Intestinal permeability of agaro-oligosaccharides: Transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers and pharmacokinetics in rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:996607. [PMID: 36185657 PMCID: PMC9525106 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.996607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaro-oligosaccharides (AOSs), even-numbered oligosaccharides prepared from agar, are applied to various food, including supplements, drinks, and jellies because of their biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the AOS permeation in the gastrointestinal tract in vivo and in vitro. Agarobiose (Abi), agarotetraose (Ate), and agarohexaose (Ahe) were detected in rat plasma after oral administration of AOSs. The detection level of agarobiose in the plasma was higher than that of agarohexaose, which was consistent with the permeation study using Caco-2 cell monolayers. Further, the adenosine triphosphate inhibitor (sodium azide) or endocytosis inhibitor (colchicine) did not inhibit AOS permeation through Caco-2 cell monolayers. Conversely, AOS permeation enhanced upon treatment with cytochalasin B, a tight junction disrupter, suggesting that AOSs might have passed mainly through the tight junctions between the intestinal epithelial cells. These results indicate that AOSs, especially agarobiose, can be absorbed as an intact form via the gastrointestinal tract across the intestinal epithelium through the paracellular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Shirai
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Ina Food Industry Co., Ltd., Ina, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Kodaira
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yu Iwasaki
- Faculty of Domestic Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidefumi Makabe
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shigeru Katayama
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18
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Pająk B, Zieliński R, Manning JT, Matejin S, Paessler S, Fokt I, Emmett MR, Priebe W. The Antiviral Effects of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a Dual D-Glucose and D-Mannose Mimetic, against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Highly Pathogenic Viruses. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185928. [PMID: 36144664 PMCID: PMC9503362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection almost invariably causes metabolic changes in the infected cell and several types of host cells that respond to the infection. Among metabolic changes, the most prominent is the upregulated glycolysis process as the main pathway of glucose utilization. Glycolysis activation is a common mechanism of cell adaptation to several viral infections, including noroviruses, rhinoviruses, influenza virus, Zika virus, cytomegalovirus, coronaviruses and others. Such metabolic changes provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could reduce the impact of infection. Glycolysis inhibitors, especially 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), have been intensively studied as antiviral agents. However, 2-DG’s poor pharmacokinetic properties limit its wide clinical application. Herein, we discuss the potential of 2-DG and its novel analogs as potent promising antiviral drugs with special emphasis on targeted intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- WPD Pharmaceuticals, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (W.P.)
| | - Rafał Zieliński
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - John Tyler Manning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stanislava Matejin
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Izabela Fokt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mark R. Emmett
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (W.P.)
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19
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Pinho SA, Costa CF, Deus CM, Pinho SLC, Miranda‐Santos I, Afonso G, Bagshaw O, Stuart JA, Oliveira PJ, Cunha‐Oliveira T. Mitochondrial and metabolic remodelling in human skin fibroblasts in response to glucose availability. FEBS J 2022; 289:5198-5217. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A. Pinho
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB) Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC) University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cláudio F. Costa
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cláudia M. Deus
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sonia L. C. Pinho
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
- CIVG‐ Vasco da Gama Research Center Vasco da Gama University School Portugal
| | - Inês Miranda‐Santos
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Afonso
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Olivia Bagshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha‐Oliveira
- CNC ‐ Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB ‐ Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra Portugal
- IIIUC ‐ Institute for Interdisciplinary Research University of Coimbra Portugal
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20
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Lin GY, Ma CY, Kuo LC, Hsieh BY, Wang H, Liu CS, Hsieh M. Altered glucose metabolism and its association with carbonic anhydrase 8 in Machado-Joseph Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2103-2120. [PMID: 35488942 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. This disorder is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing mutant ataxin-3, which tends to misfold and aggregate in neuron cells. We previously demonstrated a protective function of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8) in MJD disease models and a decreased glycolytic activity associated with down-regulated CA8 in a human osteosarcoma (OS) cell model. Given that a reduction in body weight accompanied by gait and balance instability was observed in MJD patients and transgenic (Tg) mice, in this study, we aimed to examine whether metabolic defects are associated with MJD and whether CA8 expression is involved in metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Our data first showed that glucose uptake ability decreases in cells harboring mutant ataxin-3, but increases in cells overexpressing CA8. In addition, the expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) were significantly decreased in the presence of mutant ataxin-3. Consistently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that GLUT3 was less expressed in cerebella of aged MJD Tg mice, indicating that the dysfunction of GLUT3 may be associated with late-stage disease. On the other hand, transient down-regulation of CA8 revealed decreased expressions of GLUT3 and PFK1 in HEK293 cells harboring wild-type (WT) ataxin-3, but no further reduction of GLUT3 and PFK1 expressions were observed in HEK293 cells harboring mutant ataxin-3. Moreover, immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) demonstrated that interactions exist between ataxin-3, CA8 and GLUT3 in MJD cellular and Tg models. These lines of evidence suggest that CA8 plays an important role in glucose metabolism and has different impacts on cells with or without mutant ataxin-3. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the feces of aged MJD Tg mice coincided with weight loss and metabolic dysfunction in MJD. Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate the effects of CA8 on glucose metabolism and its involvement in the metabolic defects in MJD disease. Further investigations will be required to clarify the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic defects associated with MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chung Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Y Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, No.1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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21
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Reinisch I, Klymiuk I, Michenthaler H, Moyschewitz E, Galhuber M, Krstic J, Domingo M, Zhang F, Karbiener M, Vujić N, Kratky D, Schreiber R, Schupp M, Lenihan-Geels G, Schulz TJ, Malli R, Madl T, Prokesch A. p53 Regulates a miRNA-Fructose Transporter Axis in Brown Adipose Tissue Under Fasting. Front Genet 2022; 13:913030. [PMID: 35734423 PMCID: PMC9207587 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active thermogenic adipocytes avidly consume energy substrates like fatty acids and glucose to maintain body temperature upon cold exposure. Despite strong evidence for the involvement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in controlling systemic energy homeostasis upon nutrient excess, it is unclear how the activity of brown adipocytes is regulated in times of nutrient scarcity. Therefore, this study aimed to scrutinize factors that modulate BAT activity to balance thermogenic and energetic needs upon simultaneous fasting and cold stress. For an unbiased view, we performed transcriptomic and miRNA sequencing analyses of BAT from acutely fasted (24 h) mice under mild cold exposure. Combining these data with in-depth bioinformatic analyses and in vitro gain-of-function experiments, we define a previously undescribed axis of p53 inducing miR-92a-1-5p transcription that is highly upregulated by fasting in thermogenic adipocytes. p53, a fasting-responsive transcription factor, was previously shown to control genes involved in the thermogenic program and miR-92a-1-5p was found to negatively correlate with human BAT activity. Here, we identify fructose transporter Slc2a5 as one direct downstream target of this axis and show that fructose can be taken up by and metabolized in brown adipocytes. In sum, this study delineates a fasting-induced pathway involving p53 that transactivates miR-92a-1-5p, which in turn decreases Slc2a5 expression, and suggests fructose as an energy substrate in thermogenic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Klymiuk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Magnus Domingo
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)- Research Center, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Prokesch,
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22
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Sharma V, Singh TG, Mannan A. Therapeutic implications of glucose transporters (GLUT) in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2173-2186. [PMID: 35596882 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death in the globe, with a large societal cost. Deprivation of blood flow, together with consequent glucose and oxygen shortage, activates a variety of pathways that result in permanent brain damage. As a result, ischemia raises energy demand, which is linked to significant alterations in brain energy metabolism. Even at the low glucose levels reported in plasma during ischemia, glucose transport activity may adjust to assure the supply of glucose to maintain normal cellular function. Glucose transporters in the brain are divided into two groups: sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (SGLTs).This review assess the GLUT structure, expression, regulation, pathobiology of GLUT in cerebral ischemia and regulators of GLUT and it also provides the synopsis of the literature exploring the relationship between GLUT and the various downstream signalling pathways for e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF)-1, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and adenylate-uridylate-rich elements (AREs). Therefore, the aim of the present review was to elaborate the therapeutic implications of GLUT in the cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Patiala, Punjab, India
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23
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Kazmi S, Khan MA, Shamma T, Altuhami A, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Therapeutic nexus of T cell immunometabolism in improving transplantation immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benefits and Implications of Resveratrol Supplementation on Microbiota Modulations: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074027. [PMID: 35409389 PMCID: PMC8999966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been shown to possess many applications in different fields of medicine. This systematic review has drawn attention to the axis between resveratrol and human microbiota, which plays a key role in maintaining an adequate immune response that can lead to different diseases when compromised. Resveratrol can also be an asset in new technologies, such as gene therapy. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find papers that matched our topic dating from 1 January 2017 up to 18 January 2022, with English-language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: (“resveratrol” AND “microbio*”). Eighteen studies were included as relevant papers matching the purpose of our investigation. Immune response, prevention of thrombotic complications, microbiota, gene therapy, and bone regeneration were retrieved as the main topics. The analyzed studies mostly involved resveratrol supplementation and its effects on human microbiota by trials in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The beneficial activity of resveratrol is evident by analyzing the changes in the host’s genetic expression and the gastrointestinal microbial community with its administration. The possibility of identifying individual microbial families may allow to tailor therapeutic plans with targeted polyphenolic diets when associated with microbial dysbiosis, such as inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, degenerative diseases, tumors, obesity, diabetes, bone tissue regeneration, and metabolic syndrome.
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25
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Krediet RT, Parikova A. Relative Contributions of Pseudohypoxia and Inflammation to Peritoneal Alterations with Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1259-1266. [PMID: 35168992 PMCID: PMC9435980 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15371121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with alterations in peritoneal function, like the development of high small solute transfer rates and impaired ultrafiltration. Also morphologic changes can develop, the most prominent being loss of mesothelium, vasculopathy and interstitial fibrosis. Current research suggests peritoneal inflammation as the driving force for these alterations. In this review the available evidence for inflammation is examined and a new hypothesis is put forward consisting of high glucose-induced pseudohypoxia. Hypoxia of cells is characterized by a high NADH/NAD+ ratio in their cytosol. Pseudohypoxia is similar, but occurs when excessive amounts of glucose are metabolized, as is the case for peritoneal interstitial cells in PD. The glucose- induced high NADH/NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene, but also many profibrotic genes like TGFβ, VEGF, PAI-1 and CTGF, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. This review discusses the causes and consequences of pseudohypoxia in PD and the available options for treatment and prevention. Reducing peritoneal exposure to the excessively high dialysate glucose load is the cornerstone to avoid the pseudohypoxia-induced alterations. This can partly be done by the use of icodextrin, or by combinations of low molecular weight osmotic agents, all in a low dose. The addition of alanyl-glutamine to the dialysis solution needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T. Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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GLUT3 inhibitor discovery through in silico ligand screening and in vivo validation in eukaryotic expression systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1429. [PMID: 35082341 PMCID: PMC8791944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive transport of glucose and related hexoses in human cells is facilitated by members of the glucose transporter family (GLUT, SLC2 gene family). GLUT3 is a high-affinity glucose transporter primarily responsible for glucose entry in neurons. Changes in its expression have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. GLUT3 inhibitors can provide new ways to probe the pathophysiological role of GLUT3 and tackle GLUT3-dependent cancers. Through in silico screening of an ~ 8 million compounds library against the inward- and outward-facing models of GLUT3, we selected ~ 200 ligand candidates. These were tested for in vivo inhibition of GLUT3 expressed in hexose transporter-deficient yeast cells, resulting in six new GLUT3 inhibitors. Examining their specificity for GLUT1-5 revealed that the most potent GLUT3 inhibitor (G3iA, IC50 ~ 7 µM) was most selective for GLUT3, inhibiting less strongly only GLUT2 (IC50 ~ 29 µM). None of the GLUT3 inhibitors affected GLUT5, three inhibited GLUT1 with equal or twofold lower potency, and four showed comparable or two- to fivefold better inhibition of GLUT4. G3iD was a pan-Class 1 GLUT inhibitor with the highest preference for GLUT4 (IC50 ~ 3.9 µM). Given the prevalence of GLUT1 and GLUT3 overexpression in many cancers and multiple myeloma’s reliance on GLUT4, these GLUT3 inhibitors may discriminately hinder glucose entry into various cancer cells, promising novel therapeutic avenues in oncology.
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27
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Alam YH, Kim R, Jang C. Metabolism and Health Impacts of Dietary Sugars. J Lipid Atheroscler 2022; 11:20-38. [PMID: 35118020 PMCID: PMC8792817 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2022.11.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of excessive amounts of added sugars and their effects on human health has been a major concern in the last several decades. Epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, has increased due to chronic surplus consumption of these sugars. While many of these sugars have been isolated and studied for centuries, their health impacts and exact underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of 6 major simple sugars present in the human diet and the biochemical and molecular pathways related to their metabolism by different organs and gut microbiota, with a focus on the most recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Henna Alam
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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28
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Moynihan E, Bassi G, Ruffini A, Panseri S, Montesi M, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montagner D. Click Pt(IV)-Carbohydrates Pro-Drugs for Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Front Chem 2021; 9:795997. [PMID: 34950638 PMCID: PMC8688915 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.795997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity vs. cancer cells has always been a major challenge for chemotherapeutic agents and in particular for cisplatin, one of the most important anticancer drugs for the treatment of several types of tumors. One strategy to overtake this challenge is to modify the coordination sphere of the metallic center with specific vectors whose receptors are overexpressed in the tumoral cell membrane, such as monosaccharides. In this paper, we report the synthesis of four novel glyco-modified Pt(IV) pro-drugs, based on cisplatin scaffold, and their biological activity against osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor affecting in particular adolescents and young adults. The sugar moiety and the Pt scaffold are linked exploiting the Copper Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (CUAAC) reaction, which has become the flagship of click chemistry due to its versatility and mild conditions. Cytotoxicity and drug uptake on three different OS cell lines as well as CSCs (Cancer Stem Cell) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.,Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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29
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Hypoglycemic Effects of Plant Flavonoids: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2057333. [PMID: 34925525 PMCID: PMC8674047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2057333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic high blood glucose levels, and it is associated with defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It is also a major public issue, affecting the world's population. This disease contributes to long-term health complications such as dysfunction and failure of multiple organs, including nerves, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and eyes. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in nature and usually present as secondary metabolites in plants, vegetables, and fungi. Flavonoids possess many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and naturally occurring flavonoids contribute to antidiabetic effects.Many studies conducted in vivo and in vitro have proven the hypoglycemic effect of plant flavonoids. A large number of studies showed that flavonoids hold positive results in controlling the blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further prevent the complications of diabetes. The future development of flavonoid-based drugs is believed to provide significant effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetes complication diseases. This review aims at summarizing the various types of flavonoids that function as hyperglycemia regulators such as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and glucose cotransporters in the body. This review article discusses the hypoglycemic effects of selected plant flavonoids namely quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, naringenin, fisetin, and morin. Four search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder, are used to collect the data.
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30
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Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Glycolysis and Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in a Glioblastoma Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121749. [PMID: 34944565 PMCID: PMC8698815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in research on 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and its analogs. Clinical trials of 2-DG have demonstrated the challenges of using 2-DG as a monotherapy, due to its poor drug-like characteristics, leading researchers to focus on improving its bioavailability to tissue and organs. Novel 2-DG analogs such as WP1122 and others have revived the old concept of glycolysis inhibition as an effective anticancer strategy. Combined with other potent cytotoxic agents, inhibitors of glycolysis could synergistically eliminate cancer cells. We focused our efforts on the development of new combinations of anticancer agents coupled with 2-DG and its derivatives, targeting glioblastoma, which is in desperate need of novel approaches and therapeutic options and is particularly suited to glycolysis inhibition, due to its reliance on aerobic glycolysis. Herein, we present evidence that a combined treatment of 2-DG analogs and modulation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) activity via HDAC inhibitors (sodium butyrate and sodium valproate) exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects in glioblastoma U-87 and U-251 cells and represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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31
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Krediet RT. Acquired Decline in Ultrafiltration in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Glucose. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2408-2415. [PMID: 34321252 PMCID: PMC8722789 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is essential in peritoneal dialysis (PD) for maintenance of euvolemia, making ultrafiltration insufficiency-preferably called ultrafiltration failure-an important complication. The mechanisms of ultrafiltration and ultrafiltration failure are more complex than generally assumed, especially after long-term treatment. Initially, ultrafiltration failure is mainly explained by a large number of perfused peritoneal microvessels, leading to a rapid decline of the crystalloid osmotic gradient, thereby decreasing aquaporin-mediated free water transport. The contribution of peritoneal interstitial tissue to ultrafiltration failure is limited during the first few years of PD, but becomes more important in long-term PD due to the development of interstitial fibrosis, which mainly consists of myofibroblasts. A dual hypothesis has been developed to explain why the continuous exposure of peritoneal tissues to the extremely high dialysate glucose concentrations causes progressive ultrafiltration decline. First, glucose absorption causes an increase of the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio, also called pseudohypoxia. Intracellular hypoxia stimulates myofibroblasts to produce profibrotic and angiogenetic factors, and the glucose transporter GLUT-1. Second, the increased GLUT-1 expression by myofibroblasts increases glucose uptake in these cells, leading to a reduction of the osmotic gradient for ultrafiltration. Reduction of peritoneal glucose exposure to prevent this vicious circle is essential for high-quality, long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T. Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Correspondence: Prof. Raymond T. Krediet, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Sambuceti G, Cossu V, Bauckneht M, Morbelli S, Orengo A, Carta S, Ravera S, Bruno S, Marini C. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake. What are we looking at? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1278-1286. [PMID: 33864142 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - AnnaMaria Orengo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Carta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Nuclear Medicine, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan, Italy
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33
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Wu Y. Molecular phyloecology suggests a trophic shift concurrent with the evolution of the first birds. Commun Biol 2021; 4:547. [PMID: 33986452 PMCID: PMC8119460 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds are characterized by evolutionary specializations of both locomotion (e.g., flapping flight) and digestive system (toothless, crop, and gizzard), while the potential selection pressures responsible for these evolutionary specializations remain unclear. Here we used a recently developed molecular phyloecological method to reconstruct the diets of the ancestral archosaur and of the common ancestor of living birds (CALB). Our results suggest a trophic shift from carnivory to herbivory (fruit, seed, and/or nut eater) at the archosaur-to-bird transition. The evolutionary shift of the CALB to herbivory may have essentially made them become a low-level consumer and, consequently, subject to relatively high predation risk from potential predators such as gliding non-avian maniraptorans, from which birds descended. Under the relatively high predation pressure, ancestral birds with gliding capability may have then evolved not only flapping flight as a possible anti-predator strategy against gliding predatory non-avian maniraptorans but also the specialized digestive system as an evolutionary tradeoff of maximizing foraging efficiency and minimizing predation risk. Our results suggest that the powered flight and specialized digestive system of birds may have evolved as a result of their tropic shift-associated predation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Drew D, North RA, Nagarathinam K, Tanabe M. Structures and General Transport Mechanisms by the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). Chem Rev 2021; 121:5289-5335. [PMID: 33886296 PMCID: PMC8154325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary active transporters. MFS transporters are responsible for transporting a broad spectrum of substrates, either down their concentration gradient or uphill using the energy stored in the electrochemical gradients. Over the last 10 years, more than a hundred different MFS transporter structures covering close to 40 members have provided an atomic framework for piecing together the molecular basis of their transport cycles. Here, we summarize the remarkable promiscuity of MFS members in terms of substrate recognition and proton coupling as well as the intricate gating mechanisms undergone in achieving substrate translocation. We outline studies that show how residues far from the substrate binding site can be just as important for fine-tuning substrate recognition and specificity as those residues directly coordinating the substrate, and how a number of MFS transporters have evolved to form unique complexes with chaperone and signaling functions. Through a deeper mechanistic description of glucose (GLUT) transporters and multidrug resistance (MDR) antiporters, we outline novel refinements to the rocker-switch alternating-access model, such as a latch mechanism for proton-coupled monosaccharide transport. We emphasize that a full understanding of transport requires an elucidation of MFS transporter dynamics, energy landscapes, and the determination of how rate transitions are modulated by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Drew
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rachel A. North
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Nagarathinam
- Center
of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, D-23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mikio Tanabe
- Structural
Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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35
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Deng Z, Yuan B, Yang K. Cardiolipin Selectively Binds to the Interface of VsSemiSWEET and Regulates Its Dimerization. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1940-1946. [PMID: 33591759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-regulated oligomerization of membrane proteins plays a critical role in many cell-transduction pathways. However, molecular details of such processes are often hard to define experimentally. Here we reveal the key role of interfacial cardiolipin in regulating the functional dimerization of VsSemiSWEET (one of the smallest transporters) using molecular dynamics simulations. Four binding sites for cardiolipins are identified by calculating the spatiotemporal density distribution of cardiolipins and the free energy surface. Two types of dimerization modes (i.e., arm-to-body and body-to-body) are observed in the assembly process of VsSemiSWEET protomers. Binding of enough cardiolipin molecules at the dimer interface on the cytoplasmic side is found to be crucial in adjusting the monomer-dimer equilibrium and regulating the formation of functional dimers with proper conformation. Our results provide useful information on the relationship between lipid binding and functional dimerization of VsSemiSWEET and are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of biological function of sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Deng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
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36
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Li F, Egea PF, Vecchio AJ, Asial I, Gupta M, Paulino J, Bajaj R, Dickinson MS, Ferguson-Miller S, Monk BC, Stroud RM. Highlighting membrane protein structure and function: A celebration of the Protein Data Bank. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100557. [PMID: 33744283 PMCID: PMC8102919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes define the boundaries of cells and compartmentalize the chemical and physical processes required for life. Many biological processes are carried out by proteins embedded in or associated with such membranes. Determination of membrane protein (MP) structures at atomic or near-atomic resolution plays a vital role in elucidating their structural and functional impact in biology. This endeavor has determined 1198 unique MP structures as of early 2021. The value of these structures is expanded greatly by deposition of their three-dimensional (3D) coordinates into the Protein Data Bank (PDB) after the first atomic MP structure was elucidated in 1985. Since then, free access to MP structures facilitates broader and deeper understanding of MPs, which provides crucial new insights into their biological functions. Here we highlight the structural and functional biology of representative MPs and landmarks in the evolution of new technologies, with insights into key developments influenced by the PDB in magnifying their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pascal F Egea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex J Vecchio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Meghna Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joana Paulino
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruchika Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shelagh Ferguson-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian C Monk
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute and Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, North Dunedin, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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37
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Wong M, Xu G, Barboza M, Maezawa I, Jin LW, Zivkovic A, Lebrilla CB. Metabolic flux analysis of the neural cell glycocalyx reveals differential utilization of monosaccharides. Glycobiology 2020; 30:859-871. [PMID: 32337579 PMCID: PMC7581652 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharides in our diet are major sources of carbon for the formation of biomass such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans. Among the dietary monosaccharides, glucose occupies a central role in metabolism, but human blood contains regulated levels of other monosaccharides as well. Their influence on metabolism and how they are utilized have not been explored thoroughly. Applying metabolic flux analysis on glycan synthesis can reveal the pathways that supply glycosylation precursors and provide a snapshot of the metabolic state of the cell. In this study, we traced the incorporation of six 13C uniformly labeled monosaccharides in the N-glycans, O-glycans and glycosphingolipids of both pluripotent and neural NTERA-2 cells. We gathered detailed isotopologue data for hundreds of glycoconjugates using mass spectrometry methods. The contributions of de novo synthesis and direct incorporation pathways for glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose were determined based on their isotope incorporation. Co-feeding studies revealed that fructose incorporation is drastically decreased by the presence of glucose, while mannose and galactose were much less affected. Furthermore, increased sialylation slowed down the turnover of glycans, but fucosylation attenuated this effect. Our results demonstrated that exogenous monosaccharide utilization can vary markedly depending on the cell differentiation state and monosaccharide availability, and that the incorporation of carbons can also differ among different glycan structures. We contend that the analysis of metabolic isotope labeling of glycans can yield new insights about cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Angela Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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38
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Laussel C, Léon S. Cellular toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose and associated resistance mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114213. [PMID: 32890467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most malignant cells display increased glucose absorption and metabolism compared to surrounding tissues. This well-described phenomenon results from a metabolic reprogramming occurring during transformation, that provides the building blocks and supports the high energetic cost of proliferation by increasing glycolysis. These features led to the idea that drugs targeting glycolysis might prove efficient in the context of cancer treatment. One of these drugs, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), is a synthetic glucose analog that can be imported into cells and interfere with glycolysis and ATP generation. Its preferential targeting to sites of cell proliferation is supported by the observation that a derived molecule, 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) accumulates in tumors and is used for cancer imaging. Here, we review the toxicity mechanisms of this drug, from the early-described effects on glycolysis to its other cellular consequences, including inhibition of protein glycosylation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and its interference with signaling pathways. Then, we summarize the current data on the use of 2-DG as an anti-cancer agent, especially in the context of combination therapies, as novel 2-DG-derived drugs are being developed. We also show how the use of 2-DG helped to decipher glucose-signaling pathways in yeast and favored their engineering for biotechnologies. Finally, we discuss the resistance strategies to this inhibitor that have been identified in the course of these studies and which may have important implications regarding a medical use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Laussel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Léon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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39
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Holman GD. Structure, function and regulation of mammalian glucose transporters of the SLC2 family. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1155-1175. [PMID: 32591905 PMCID: PMC7462842 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SLC2 genes code for a family of GLUT proteins that are part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporters. Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately opening and closing a cleft to either the internal or the external side of the membrane. The physiological substrate for the GLUTs is usually a hexose but substrates for GLUTs can include urate, dehydro-ascorbate and myo-inositol. The GLUT proteins have varied physiological functions that are related to their principal substrates, the cell type in which the GLUTs are expressed and the extent to which the proteins are associated with subcellular compartments. Some of the GLUT proteins translocate between subcellular compartments and this facilitates the control of their function over long- and short-time scales. The control of GLUT function is necessary for a regulated supply of metabolites (mainly glucose) to tissues. Pathophysiological abnormalities in GLUT proteins are responsible for, or associated with, clinical problems including type 2 diabetes and cancer and a range of tissue disorders, related to tissue-specific GLUT protein profiles. The availability of GLUT crystal structures has facilitated the search for inhibitors and substrates and that are specific for each GLUT and that can be used therapeutically. Recent studies are starting to unravel the drug targetable properties of each of the GLUT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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40
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Cyclo(Phe-Pro) produced by Vibrio species passes through biological membranes by simple diffusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6791-6798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Transporters of glucose and other carbohydrates in bacteria. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1129-1153. [PMID: 32372286 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose arguably is the most important energy carrier, carbon source for metabolites and building block for biopolymers in all kingdoms of life. The proper function of animal organs and tissues depends on the continuous supply of glucose from the bloodstream. Most animals can resorb only a small number of monosaccharides, mostly glucose, galactose and fructose, while all other sugars oligosaccharides and dietary fibers are degraded and metabolized by the microbiota of the lower intestine. Bacteria, in contrast, are omnivorous. They can import and metabolize structurally different sugars and, as a consortium of different species, utilize almost any sugar, sugar derivative and oligosaccharide occurring in nature. Bacteria have membrane transport systems for the uptake of sugars against steep concentration gradients energized by ATP, the proton motive force and the high energy glycolytic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Different uptake mechanisms and the broad range of overlapping substrate specificities allow bacteria to quickly adapt to and colonize changing environments. Here, we review the structures and mechanisms of bacterial representatives of (i) ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, (ii) major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters, (iii) sodium solute symporters (SSS) and (iv) enzyme II integral membrane subunits of the bacterial PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). We give a short overview on the distribution of transporter genes and their phylogenetic relationship in different bacterial species. Some sugar transporters are hijacked for import of bacteriophage DNA and antibacterial toxins (bacteriocins) and they facilitate the penetration of polar antibiotics. Finally, we describe how the expression and activity of certain sugar transporters are controlled in response to the availability of sugars and how the presence and uptake of sugars may affect pathogenicity and host-microbiota interactions.
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42
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Carbohydrates in nutrition: friend or foe? Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 53:290-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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L-Glucose: Another Path to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040850. [PMID: 32244695 PMCID: PMC7225996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous tumors comprise cells showing metabolic heterogeneity. Among numerous efforts to understand this property, little attention has been paid to the possibility that cancer cells take up and utilize otherwise unusable substrates as fuel. Here we discuss this issue by focusing on l-glucose, the mirror image isomer of naturally occurring d-glucose; l-glucose is an unmetabolizable sugar except in some bacteria. By combining relatively small fluorophores with l-glucose, we generated fluorescence-emitting l-glucose tracers (fLGs). To our surprise, 2-NBDLG, one of these fLGs, which we thought to be merely a control substrate for the fluorescent d-glucose tracer 2-NBDG, was specifically taken up into tumor cell aggregates (spheroids) that exhibited nuclear heterogeneity, a major cytological feature of malignancy in cancer diagnosis. Changes in mitochondrial activity were also associated with the spheroids taking up fLG. To better understand these phenomena, we review here the Warburg effect as well as key studies regarding glucose uptake. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity involving aberrant uptake of glucose and mitochondrial changes based on the data obtained by fLG. We then consider the use of fLGs as novel markers for visualization and characterization of malignant tumor cells.
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44
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Leão LL, Tangen G, Barca ML, Engedal K, Santos SHS, Machado FSM, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. Does hyperglycemia downregulate glucose transporters in the brain? Med Hypotheses 2020; 139:109614. [PMID: 32087490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic condition associated with hyperglycemia manifested by the elevation of blood glucose levels occurring when the pancreas decreases or stops the production of insulin, in case of insulin resistance or both. The current literature supports that insulin resistance may be responsible for the memory decline associated with diabetes. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are a family of proteins involved in glucose transport across biological membranes. GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 are involved in glucose delivery to the brain. Evidence suggests that both transporters are downregulated in chronic peripheral hyperglycemia. Here we show the mechanisms of glucose transport and its influence on cognitive function, including a hypothesis of how peripheral hyperglycemia related genes network interactions may lead to glucose transporters downregulation and its possible consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lemos Leão
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gro Tangen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Maria Lage Barca
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Sérgio Henrique S Santos
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Sander M Machado
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício B de Paula
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neuroscience), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neuroscience of Exercise Institute, Aroldo Tourinho Hospital, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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45
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2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Its Analogs: From Diagnostic to Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010234. [PMID: 31905745 PMCID: PMC6982256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to interfere with d-glucose metabolism demonstrates that nutrient and energy deprivation is an efficient tool to suppress cancer cell growth and survival. Acting as a d-glucose mimic, 2-DG inhibits glycolysis due to formation and intracellular accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (2-DG6P), inhibiting the function of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and inducing cell death. In addition to glycolysis inhibition, other molecular processes are also affected by 2-DG. Attempts to improve 2-DG’s drug-like properties, its role as a potential adjuvant for other chemotherapeutics, and novel 2-DG analogs as promising new anticancer agents are discussed in this review.
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46
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Bauckneht M, Cossu V, Castellani P, Piccioli P, Orengo AM, Emionite L, Di Giulio F, Donegani MI, Miceli A, Raffa S, Borra A, Capitanio S, Morbelli S, Caviglia G, Bruno S, Ravera S, Maggi D, Sambuceti G, Marini C. FDG uptake tracks the oxidative damage in diabetic skeletal muscle: An experimental study. Mol Metab 2019; 31:98-108. [PMID: 31918925 PMCID: PMC6920267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to verify the relationship between glucose consumption and uptake of 18F-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) in the skeletal muscle (SM) of experimental models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM). METHODS The study included 36 Balb/c mice. Two weeks after intraperitoneal administration of saline (control group, n = 18) or 150 mg streptozotocin (STZ-DM group, n = 18), the two cohorts were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test and were further subdivided into three groups (n = 6 each): untreated and treated with metformin (MTF) at low or high doses (10 or 750 mg/kg daily, respectively). Two weeks thereafter, all mice were submitted to dynamic micro-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after prolonged fasting. After sacrifice, enzymatic pathways and response to oxidative stress were evaluated in harvested SM. RESULTS On PET imaging, the FDG uptake rate in hindlimb SM was significantly lower in nondiabetic mice as compared with STZ-DM-untreated mice. MTF had no significant effect on SM FDG uptake in untreated mice; however, its high dose induced a significant decrease in STZ-DM animals. Upon conventional analysis, the SM standard uptake value was higher in STZ-DM mice, while MTF was virtually ineffective in either control or STZ-DM models. This metabolic reprogramming was not explained by any change in cytosolic glucose metabolism. By contrast, it closely agreed with the catalytic function of hexose-6P-dehydrogenase (H6PD; i.e., the trigger of a specific pentose phosphate pathway selectively located within the endoplasmic reticulum). In agreement with this role, the H6PD enzymatic response to both STZ-DM and MTF matched the activation of the NADPH-dependent antioxidant responses to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Ex vivo analysis of tracer kinetics confirmed that the enhanced SM avidity for FDG occurred despite a significant reduction in glucose consumption, while it was associated with increased radioactivity transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS These data challenge the current dogma linking FDG uptake to the glycolytic rate. They instead introduce a new model considering a strict link between the uptake of this glucose analog, H6PD reticular activity, and oxidative damage in diabetes, at least under fasting condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Castellani
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Piccioli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giulio
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Miceli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Borra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Selene Capitanio
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Caviglia
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Len Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Maggi
- Diabetes Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Mathematics (DIMA), University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 35, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102432. [PMID: 31614762 PMCID: PMC6835691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
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48
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Hargrave KE, Woods S, Millington O, Chalmers S, Westrop GD, Roberts CW. Multi-Omics Studies Demonstrate Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming of Murine Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:309. [PMID: 31572687 PMCID: PMC6749083 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is capable of actively invading almost any mammalian cell type including phagocytes. Early events in phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells are not only key to establishing parasite infection, but conversely play a pivotal role in initiating host immunity. It is now recognized that in addition to changes in canonical immune markers and mediators, alteration in metabolism occurs upon activation of phagocytic cells. These metabolic changes are important for supporting the developing immune response, but can affect the availability of nutrients for intracellular pathogens including T. gondii. However, the interaction of T. gondii with these cells and particularly how infection changes their metabolism has not been extensively investigated. Herein, we use a multi-omics approach comprising transcriptomics and metabolomics validated with functional assays to better understand early events in these cells following infection. Analysis of the transcriptome of T. gondii infected bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) revealed significant alterations in transcripts associated with cellular metabolism, activation of T cells, inflammation mediated chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways. Multivariant analysis of metabolomic data sets acquired through non-targeted liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS) identified metabolites associated with glycolysis, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and arginine metabolism as major discriminants between control uninfected and T. gondii infected cells. Consistent with these observations, glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase activity were upregulated in T. gondii infected BMDC cultures compared with control BMDCs. Conversely, BMDC mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in T. gondii-infected cells relative to mitochondria of control BMDCs. These changes to energy metabolism, similar to what has been described following LPS stimulation of BMDCs and macrophages are often termed the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprogramming of cells has been suggested to be an important adaption that provides energy and precursors to facilitate phagocytosis, antigen processing and cytokine production. Other changes to BMDC metabolism are evident following T. gondii infection and include upregulation of arginine degradation concomitant with increased arginase-1 activity and ornithine and proline production. As T. gondii is an arginine auxotroph the resultant reduced cellular arginine levels are likely to curtail parasite multiplication. These results highlight the complex interplay of BMDCs and parasite metabolism within the developing immune response and the consequences for adaptive immunity and pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie E Hargrave
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owain Millington
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth D Westrop
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Yang B, Zhang X. Oral delivery of imatinib through galactosylated polymeric nanoparticles to explore the contribution of a saccharide ligand to absorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118508. [PMID: 31299337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically used for treating chronic myeloid leukemia and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, oral administration of IMT is challenged by its high oral dose, low intestinal solubility and adverse reactions. This work aimed to investigate the effect of galactose ligand on polymeric nanoparticles-facilitated oral absorption of IMT. N-oleoyl-D-galactosamine was synthesized for fabricating biomimetic galactose-modified nanoparticles (GNPs) in an attempt to improve the oral bioavailability of IMT. IMT-loaded GNPs (IMT-GNPs) were prepared using a solvent diffusion technique and characterized by particle size, morphology, and entrapment efficiency (EE). The in vitro release and in vivo oral bioavailability of IMT-GNPs were comparatively studied with bulk IMT and IMT-loaded nanoparticles (IMT-NPs), respectively. The resultant IMT-GNPs were 122.0 nm around in particle size with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.201. IMT-GNPs possessed a high EE (93.06%) and exhibited a sustained effect on drug release. After oral administration, IMT-GNPs significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of IMT, up to 152.3% relative to IMT suspensions, whereas IMT-NPs merely resulted in an increase to 115.2%. Cellular uptake and ex vivo intestinal transport imaging demonstrated that GNPs were armed with higher cellular affinity and intestinal epithelial permeability compared with galactose-free IMT-NPs. These results provide solid evidence that galactose modification has great potential to ulteriorly promote the oral absorption of IMT on the base of nanoparticles, which may be conducive to achieve the synergy and attenuation of IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baohui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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50
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Zwarts I, van Zutphen T, Kruit JK, Liu W, Oosterveer MH, Verkade HJ, Uhlenhaut NH, Jonker JW. Identification of the fructose transporter GLUT5 (SLC2A5) as a novel target of nuclear receptor LXR. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9299. [PMID: 31243309 PMCID: PMC6594926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose has become a major constituent of our modern diet and is implicated as an underlying cause in the development of metabolic diseases. The fructose transporter GLUT5 (SLC2A5) is required for intestinal fructose absorption. GLUT5 expression is induced in the intestine and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and in certain cancers that are dependent on fructose metabolism, indicating that modulation of GLUT5 levels could have potential in the treatment of these diseases. Using an unbiased screen for transcriptional control of the human GLUT5 promoter we identified a strong and specific regulation by liver X receptor α (LXRα, NR1H3). Using promoter truncations and site-directed mutagenesis we identified a functional LXR response element (LXRE) in the human GLUT5 promoter, located at −385 bp relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS). Finally, mice treated with LXR agonist T0901317 showed an increase in Glut5 mRNA and protein levels in duodenum and adipose tissue, underscoring the in vivo relevance of its regulation by LXR. Together, our findings show that LXRα regulates GLUT5 in mice and humans. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, LXRα might provide novel pharmacologic strategies for the selective modulation of GLUT5 activity in the treatment of metabolic disease as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Zwarts
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weilin Liu
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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