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Wang L, Li J. Morphogenesis of fungiform papillae in developing miniature pigs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24953. [PMID: 38314265 PMCID: PMC10837543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Fungiform papillae contain taste buds and play a critical role in mastication and the gustatory system. In this study, we report a series of sequential observations of organogenesis of fungiform papillae in miniature pigs, as well as changes in the expression of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1 signaling pathway components. Design In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression patterns of BMP, Wnt, Sox2 and Notch in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs at the bud stage (E40), cap stage (E50) and bell stage (E60). Pregnant miniature pigs were obtained, and the samples were processed for histological staining. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1. Results At E40, fungiform papillae were present on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue in a specific array and pattern. The fungiform papillae were enlarged and basically developed at E50 and were largest at the earlier stage (E60). Most of the BMP2 was concentrated in the epithelial layer and the connective tissue core of the fungal papilloma and gradually accumulated from E40-E60. BMP-4 was weakly expressed in the fungiform papillae epithelia, but BMP-4-positive cells were also observed in the developing tongue muscle at E50 and E60. Wnt5a-positive cells were observed in the fungiform papillae epithelia and developing tongue muscle at all three time points. Sox2-positive cells were observed only in fungiform papillae epithelial cells, and Notch1-positive cells could not be detected. Conclusions This study provides primary data regarding the morphogenesis and expression of developmental signals in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs, establishing a foundation for further research in both this model and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Beijing, 100050, China
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2
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Hermosilla Aguayo V, Martin P, Tian N, Zheng J, Aho R, Losa M, Selleri L. ESCRT-dependent control of craniofacial morphogenesis with concomitant perturbation of NOTCH signaling. Dev Biol 2023; 503:25-42. [PMID: 37573008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is orchestrated by transcription factor-driven regulatory networks, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. Signaling molecules and their receptors rely on endo-lysosomal trafficking to prevent accumulation on the plasma membrane. ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery is recruited to endosomal membranes enabling degradation of such endosomal cargoes. Studies in vitro and in invertebrate models established the requirements of the ESCRT machinery in membrane remodeling, endosomal trafficking, and lysosomal degradation of activated membrane receptors. However, investigations during vertebrate development have been scarce. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a mouse line, Vps25ENU/ENU, carrying a hypomorphic allele of the ESCRT-II component Vps25, with craniofacial anomalies resembling features of human congenital syndromes. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of Vps25 and additional ESCRT-encoding genes during murine development. We show that these genes are ubiquitously expressed although enriched in discrete domains of the craniofacial complex, heart, and limbs. ESCRT-encoding genes, including Vps25, are expressed in both cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme and epithelium. Unlike constitutive ESCRT mutants, Vps25ENU/ENU embryos display late lethality. They exhibit hypoplastic lower jaw, stunted snout, dysmorphic ear pinnae, and secondary palate clefting. Thus, we provide the first evidence for critical roles of ESCRT-II in craniofacial morphogenesis and report perturbation of NOTCH signaling in craniofacial domains of Vps25ENU/ENU embryos. Given the known roles of NOTCH signaling in the developing cranium, and notably the lower jaw, we propose that the NOTCH pathway partly mediates the craniofacial defects of Vps25ENU/ENU mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Hermosilla Aguayo
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nuo Tian
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James Zheng
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marta Losa
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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3
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Won HJ, Kim JW, Won HS, Shin JO. Gene Regulatory Networks and Signaling Pathways in Palatogenesis and Cleft Palate: A Comprehensive Review. Cells 2023; 12:1954. [PMID: 37566033 PMCID: PMC10416829 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient's quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. Recent investigations have revealed that palatal shelf growth, patterning, adhesion, and fusion are intricately regulated by numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), Wnt signaling, and others. These studies have also identified a significant number of genes that are essential for palate development. Integrated information from these studies offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, contact, and fusion, deepening our understanding of palatogenesis, and facilitating the development of more efficacious treatments for cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Won
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Won
- Department of Anatomy, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Shin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 33151, Republic of Korea
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4
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Sun J, Zhang J, Bian Q, Wang X. Effects of Dlx2 overexpression on the genes associated with the maxillary process in the early mouse embryo. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085263. [PMID: 36891149 PMCID: PMC9986417 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Dlx2 plays an important role in craniomaxillofacial development. Overexpression or null mutations of Dlx2 can lead to craniomaxillofacial malformation in mice. However, the transcriptional regulatory effects of Dlx2 during craniomaxillofacial development remain to be elucidated. Using a mouse model that stably overexpresses Dlx2 in neural crest cells, we comprehensively characterized the effects of Dlx2 overexpression on the early development of maxillary processes in mice by conducting bulk RNA-Seq, scRNA-Seq and CUT&Tag analyses. Bulk RNA-Seq results showed that the overexpression of Dlx2 resulted in substantial transcriptome changes in E10.5 maxillary prominences, with genes involved in RNA metabolism and neuronal development most significantly affected. The scRNA-Seq analysis suggests that overexpression of Dlx2 did not change the differentiation trajectory of mesenchymal cells during this development process. Rather, it restricted cell proliferation and caused precocious differentiation, which may contribute to the defects in craniomaxillofacial development. Moreover, the CUT&Tag analysis using DLX2 antibody revealed enrichment of MNT and Runx2 motifs at the putative DLX2 binding sites, suggesting they may play critical roles in mediating the transcriptional regulatory effects of Dlx2. Together, these results provide important insights for understanding the transcriptional regulatory network of Dlx2 during craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Mukhopadhyay P, Smolenkova I, Seelan RS, Pisano MM, Greene RM. Spatiotemporal Expression and Functional Analysis of miRNA-22 in the Developing Secondary Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023; 60:27-38. [PMID: 34730446 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211054004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normal development of the embryonic orofacial region requires precise spatiotemporal coordination between numerous genes. MicroRNAs represent small, single-stranded, non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. This study examines the role of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in murine orofacial ontogeny. METHODS Spatiotemporal and differential expression of miR-22 (mmu-miR-22-3p) within the developing secondary palate was determined by in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Bioinformatic approaches were used to predict potential mRNA targets of miR-22 and analyze their association with cellular functions indispensable for normal orofacial ontogeny. An in vitro palate organ culture system was used to assess the role of miR-22 in secondary palate development. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in miR-22 expression from GD12.5 to GD14.5 in palatal processes. On GD12.5 and GD13.5, miR-22 was expressed in the future oral, nasal, and medial edge epithelia. On GD14.5, miR-22 expression was observed in the residual midline epithelial seam (MES), the nasal epithelium and the mesenchyme, but not in the oral epithelium. Inhibition of miR-22 activity in palate organ cultures resulted in failure of MES removal. Bioinformatic analyses revealed potential mRNA targets of miR-22 that may play significant roles in regulating apoptosis, migration, and/or convergence/extrusion, developmental processes that modulate MES removal during palatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study suggest a key role for miR-22 in the removal of the MES during palatogenesis and that miR-22 may represent a potential contributor to the etiology of cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Irina Smolenkova
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Ratnam S Seelan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
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6
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Ye Q, Bhojwani A, Hu JK. Understanding the development of oral epithelial organs through single cell transcriptomic analysis. Development 2022; 149:dev200539. [PMID: 35831953 PMCID: PMC9481975 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, the oral epithelium begins as a morphologically homogeneous tissue that gives rise to locally complex structures, including the teeth, salivary glands and taste buds. How the epithelium is initially patterned and specified to generate diverse cell types remains largely unknown. To elucidate the genetic programs that direct the formation of distinct oral epithelial populations, we mapped the transcriptional landscape of embryonic day 12 mouse mandibular epithelia at single cell resolution. Our analysis identified key transcription factors and gene regulatory networks that define different epithelial cell types. By examining the spatiotemporal patterning process along the oral-aboral axis, our results propose a model in which the dental field is progressively confined to its position by the formation of the aboral epithelium anteriorly and the non-dental oral epithelium posteriorly. Using our data, we also identified Ntrk2 as a proliferation driver in the forming incisor, contributing to its invagination. Together, our results provide a detailed transcriptional atlas of the embryonic mandibular epithelium, and unveil new genetic markers and regulators that are present during the specification of various oral epithelial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Ye
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arshia Bhojwani
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jimmy K. Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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Dąbrowska J, Biedziak B, Szponar-Żurowska A, Budner M, Jagodziński PP, Płoski R, Mostowska A. Identification of novel susceptibility genes for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate using NGS-based multigene panel testing. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1315-1327. [PMID: 35778651 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (ns-CL/P), the proportion of heritability explained by the known risk loci is estimated to be about 30% and is captured mainly by common variants identified in genome-wide association studies. To contribute to the explanation of the "missing heritability" problem for orofacial clefts, a candidate gene approach was taken to investigate the potential role of rare and private variants in the ns-CL/P risk. Using the next-generation sequencing technology, the coding sequence of a set of 423 candidate genes was analysed in 135 patients from the Polish population. After stringent multistage filtering, 37 rare coding and splicing variants of 28 genes were identified. 35% of these genetic alternations that may play a role of genetic modifiers influencing an individual's risk were detected in genes not previously associated with the ns-CL/P susceptibility, including COL11A1, COL17A1, DLX1, EFTUD2, FGF4, FGF8, FLNB, JAG1, NOTCH2, SHH, WNT5A and WNT9A. Significant enrichment of rare alleles in ns-CL/P patients compared with controls was also demonstrated for ARHGAP29, CHD7, COL17A1, FGF12, GAD1 and SATB2. In addition, analysis of panoramic radiographs of patients with identified predisposing variants may support the hypothesis of a common genetic link between orofacial clefts and dental abnormalities. In conclusion, our study has confirmed that rare coding variants might contribute to the genetic architecture of ns-CL/P. Since only single predisposing variants were identified in novel cleft susceptibility genes, future research will be required to confirm and fully understand their role in the aetiology of ns-CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Dąbrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Szponar-Żurowska
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Margareta Budner
- Eastern Poland Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Center, Leczna, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
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8
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ZNF117 regulates glioblastoma stem cell differentiation towards oligodendroglial lineage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2196. [PMID: 35459228 PMCID: PMC9033827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly disease without effective treatment. Because glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor resistance and recurrence, improved treatment of GBM can be achieved by eliminating GSCs through inducing their differentiation. Prior efforts have been focused on studying GSC differentiation towards the astroglial lineage. However, regulation of GSC differentiation towards the neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages is largely unknown. To identify genes that control GSC differentiation to all three lineages, we performed an image-based genome-wide RNAi screen, in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, and identified ZNF117 as a major regulator of GSC differentiation. Using patient-derived GSC cultures, we show that ZNF117 controls GSC differentiation towards the oligodendroglial lineage via the Notch pathway. We demonstrate that ZNF117 is a promising target for GSC differentiation therapy through targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing nanoparticles. Our study suggests a direction to improve GBM treatment through differentiation of GSCs towards various lineages.
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9
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Munabi NCO, Mikhail S, Toubat O, Webb M, Auslander A, Sanchez-Lara PA, Manojlovic Z, Schmidt RJ, Craig D, Magee WP, Kumar SR. High prevalence of deleterious mutations in concomitant nonsyndromic cleft and outflow tract heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2082-2095. [PMID: 35385219 PMCID: PMC9197864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrating enrichment of outflow tract (OFT) congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) suggests derangements in common underlying developmental pathways. The current pilot study examines the underlying genetics of concomitant nonsyndromic CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype. Of 575 patients who underwent CL/P surgery at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, seven with OFT CHD, negative chromosomal microarray analysis, and no recognizable syndromic association were recruited with their parents (as available). Whole genome sequencing of blood samples paired with whole‐blood‐based RNA sequencing for probands was performed. A pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variant was identified in 6/7 (85.7%) probands. A total of seven candidate genes were mutated (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, APOB, RNF213, SETX, and JAG1). Gene ontology analysis of variants predicted involvement in binding (100%), regulation of transcription (42.9%), and helicase activity (42.9%). Four patients (57.1%) expressed gene variants (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, and RNF213) previously involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our pilot analysis of a small cohort of patients with combined CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype suggests a potentially significant prevalence of deleterious mutations. In our cohort, an overrepresentation of mutations in molecules associated with Wnt‐signaling was found. These variants may represent an expanded phenotypic heterogeneity within known monogenic disease genes or provide novel evidence of shared developmental pathways. The mechanistic implications of these mutations and subsequent developmental derangements resulting in the CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype require further analysis in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikhoba C O Munabi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Omar Toubat
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Webb
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Subramanyan Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Zhou H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wen X, Amador EH, Yuan L, Ran X, Xiong L, Ran Y, Chen W, Wen Y. Colorectal liver metastasis: molecular mechanism and interventional therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:70. [PMID: 35246503 PMCID: PMC8897452 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancy tumors with a high morbidity additionally, CRC patients may develop liver metastasis, which is the major cause of death. Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the survival rate of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients remains very low. CRLM, as a complex cascade reaction process involving multiple factors and procedures, has complex and diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment of CRLM. We also focus on an overview of the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of CRLM with a special emphasis on tumor microenvironment and promise of newer targeted therapies for CRLM, further improving the prognosis of CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhongtao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Eric H Amador
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liqin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA. .,Medical Technology Research Centre, Chelmsford Campus, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK.
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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11
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Jaruga A, Ksiazkiewicz J, Kuzniarz K, Tylzanowski P. Orofacial Cleft and Mandibular Prognathism-Human Genetics and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020953. [PMID: 35055138 PMCID: PMC8779325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex molecular interactions are involved in the process of craniofacial development. Consequently, the network is sensitive to genetic mutations that may result in congenital malformations of varying severity. The most common birth anomalies within the head and neck are orofacial clefts (OFCs) and prognathism. Orofacial clefts are disorders with a range of phenotypes such as the cleft of the lip with or without cleft palate and isolated form of cleft palate with unilateral and bilateral variations. They may occur as an isolated abnormality (nonsyndromic-NSCLP) or coexist with syndromic disorders. Another cause of malformations, prognathism or skeletal class III malocclusion, is characterized by the disproportionate overgrowth of the mandible with or without the hypoplasia of maxilla. Both syndromes may be caused by the presence of environmental factors, but the majority of them are hereditary. Several mutations are linked to those phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics of those phenotypes and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. We then present the animal models used to study these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaruga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Ksiazkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Krystian Kuzniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mouse models in palate development and orofacial cleft research: Understanding the crucial role and regulation of epithelial integrity in facial and palate morphogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:13-50. [PMID: 35461563 PMCID: PMC9060390 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip and cleft palate are common birth defects resulting from genetic and/or environmental perturbations of facial development in utero. Facial morphogenesis commences during early embryogenesis, with cranial neural crest cells interacting with the surface ectoderm to form initially partly separate facial primordia consisting of the medial and lateral nasal prominences, and paired maxillary and mandibular processes. As these facial primordia grow around the primitive oral cavity and merge toward the ventral midline, the surface ectoderm undergoes a critical differentiation step to form an outer layer of flattened and tightly connected periderm cells with a non-stick apical surface that prevents epithelial adhesion. Formation of the upper lip and palate requires spatiotemporally regulated inter-epithelial adhesions and subsequent dissolution of the intervening epithelial seam between the maxillary and medial/lateral nasal processes and between the palatal shelves. Proper regulation of epithelial integrity plays a paramount role during human facial development, as mutations in genes encoding epithelial adhesion molecules and their regulators have been associated with syndromic and non-syndromic orofacial clefts. In this chapter, we summarize mouse genetic studies that have been instrumental in unraveling the mechanisms regulating epithelial integrity and periderm differentiation during facial and palate development. Since proper epithelial integrity also plays crucial roles in wound healing and cancer, understanding the mechanisms regulating epithelial integrity during facial development have direct implications for improvement in clinical care of craniofacial patients.
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13
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Nigam K, Srivastav RK. Notch signaling in oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:139. [PMID: 34633549 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling involves cell to cell contact. It is an ancient signaling mechanism that is conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The basic function of Notch signaling is to decide cell fate and execute asymmetrical division. Notch signaling is indispensable for embryo growth. Aberrant Notch signaling involves in cancer progression by altering cell proliferation rate, tumor micro-environment, stem cell activities. The role of Notch signaling in cancer progression is context-dependent. In breast cancer and T cell lymphoma Notch signaling is highly active, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as oral and skin cancer, the signaling is suppressed. It is believed that in SCC, Notch-mediated tumor growth is due to the cell non-autonomous function. Oral cancer is the 6th most risky cancer worldwide. In many patients, oral cancer is preceded by pre-cancer conditions. In this review, we have summarized the research knowledge related to the role of Notch signaling in oral cancer and pre-cancer conditions and the therapeutic options available targeting different components of Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
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Han X, Xiong X, Shi X, Chen F, Li Y. Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes and association analysis of variants correlated with mandibular prognathism. Head Face Med 2021; 17:17. [PMID: 34039391 PMCID: PMC8152080 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to systematically identify variants in NOTCH signaling pathway genes that correlate with mandibular prognathism (MP) in the general Chinese population. Methods Targeted sequencing of NOTCH signaling pathway genes was conducted in 199 MP individuals and 197 class I malocclusion control individuals. The associations of common and rare variants with MP, cephalometric parameters, and continuous cephalometric phenotypes were analyzed by principal component (PC) analysis. The associations between rare variants and MP were tested for each gene. Results Six SNPs, including rs415929, rs520688, and rs423023 in an exonic region of NOTCH4; rs1044006 in an exonic region of NOTCH3; rs1051415 in an exonic region of JAG1; and rs75236173 in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of NUMB were associated with MP (P < 0.05). One common variant, rs1051415, in an exonic region of JAG1 was significantly related to PC1 (P = 3.608 × 10− 4), which explained 24.3% of the overall phenotypic variation observed and corresponded to the sagittal mandibular position towards the maxilla, ranging from a posterior positioned mandible to an anterior positioned mandible. Additionally, 41 other variants were associated with PC1–5 (P < 0.05). With respect to rare variant analysis, variants within the EP300, NCOR2, and PSEN2 gene showed an association with MP (t < 0 .05). Conclusions An association between NOTCH signaling pathway genes and MP has been identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13005-021-00268-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhuo Han
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Yongming Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Middle Yanchang Road, 399, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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15
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Zhang H, Xie J, So KKH, Tong KK, Sae-Pang JJ, Wang L, Tsang SL, Chan WY, Wong EYM, Sham MH. Hoxb3 Regulates Jag1 Expression in Pharyngeal Epithelium and Affects Interaction With Neural Crest Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612230. [PMID: 33505317 PMCID: PMC7830521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial morphogenesis depends on proper migration of neural crest cells and their interactions with placodes and other cell types. Hox genes provide positional information and are important in patterning the neural crest and pharyngeal arches (PAs) for coordinated formation of craniofacial structures. Hox genes are expressed in the surface ectoderm and epibranchial placodes, their roles in the pharyngeal epithelium and their downstream targets in regulating PA morphogenesis have not been established. We altered the Hox code in the pharyngeal region of the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, in which Hoxb3 is driven to ectopically expressed in Hoxb2 domain in the second pharyngeal arch (PA2). In the transgenic mutant, ectopic Hoxb3 expression was restricted to the surface ectoderm, including the proximal epibranchial placodal region and the distal pharyngeal epithelium. The Hoxb3Tg/+ mutants displayed hypoplasia of PA2, multiple neural crest-derived facial skeletal and nerve defects. Interestingly, we found that in the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, expression of the Notch ligand Jag1 was specifically up-regulated in the ectodermal pharyngeal epithelial cells of PA2. By molecular experiments, we demonstrated that Hoxb3 could bind to an upstream genomic site S2 and directly regulate Jag1 expression. In the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, elevated expression of Jag1 in the pharyngeal epithelium led to abnormal cellular interaction and deficiency of neural crest cells migrating into PA2. In summary, we showed that Hoxb3 regulates Jag1 expression and proposed a model of pharyngeal epithelium and neural crest interaction during pharyngeal arch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Junjie Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Kam Hei So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Kui Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jearn Jang Sae-Pang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Lan Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Yee Man Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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16
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Martinelli M, Palmieri A, Carinci F, Scapoli L. Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592271. [PMID: 33195260 PMCID: PMC7606870 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes could result in orofacial clefts that represent the most common craniofacial malformations in humans. The rarest and, probably for this reason, the least studied form of cleft involves only the secondary palate, which is posterior to the incisive foramen. The etiology of cleft palate only is multifactorial and involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. The intention of this review is to give the reader an overview of the efforts made by researchers to shed light on the underlying causes of this birth defect. Most of the scientific papers suggesting potential environmental and genetic causes of non-syndromic cleft palate are summarized in this review, including genome-wide association and gene–environment interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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18
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Hall EG, Wenger LW, Wilson NR, Undurty-Akella SS, Standley J, Augustine-Akpan EA, Kousa YA, Acevedo DS, Goering JP, Pitstick L, Natsume N, Paroya SM, Busch TD, Ito M, Mori A, Imura H, Schultz-Rogers LE, Klee EW, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Kroc SA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Bjork BC, Suzuki S, Murray JC, Schutte BC, Butali A, Saadi I. SPECC1L regulates palate development downstream of IRF6. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:845-858. [PMID: 31943082 PMCID: PMC7104672 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SPECC1L mutations have been identified in patients with rare atypical orofacial clefts and with syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). These mutations cluster in the second coiled-coil and calponin homology domains of SPECC1L and severely affect the ability of SPECC1L to associate with microtubules. We previously showed that gene-trap knockout of Specc1l in mouse results in early embryonic lethality. We now present a truncation mutant mouse allele, Specc1lΔC510, that results in perinatal lethality. Specc1lΔC510/ΔC510 homozygotes showed abnormal palate rugae but did not show cleft palate. However, when crossed with a gene-trap allele, Specc1lcGT/ΔC510 compound heterozygotes showed a palate elevation delay with incompletely penetrant cleft palate. Specc1lcGT/ΔC510 embryos exhibit transient oral epithelial adhesions at E13.5, which may delay shelf elevation. Consistent with oral adhesions, we show periderm layer abnormalities, including ectopic apical expression of adherens junction markers, similar to Irf6 hypomorphic mutants and Arhgap29 heterozygotes. Indeed, SPECC1L expression is drastically reduced in Irf6 mutant palatal shelves. Finally, we wanted to determine if SPECC1L deficiency also contributed to non-syndromic (ns) CL/P. We sequenced 62 Caucasian, 89 Filipino, 90 Ethiopian, 90 Nigerian and 95 Japanese patients with nsCL/P and identified three rare coding variants (p.Ala86Thr, p.Met91Iso and p.Arg546Gln) in six individuals. These variants reside outside of SPECC1L coiled-coil domains and result in milder functional defects than variants associated with syndromic clefting. Together, our data indicate that palate elevation is sensitive to deficiency of SPECC1L dosage and function and that SPECC1L cytoskeletal protein functions downstream of IRF6 in palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett G Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Luke W Wenger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nathan R Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sraavya S Undurty-Akella
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Standley
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eno-Abasi Augustine-Akpan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine/Dow Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Youssef A Kousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Diana S Acevedo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jeremy P Goering
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lenore Pitstick
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Nagato Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Shahnawaz M Paroya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tamara D Busch
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Hideto Imura
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | | | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Sarah A Kroc
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wasiu L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, PMB 12003, Nigeria
| | - Mekonen A Eshete
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Bryan C Bjork
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, Aichi Gakuin University Hospital, 2-11 Suemori-Dori, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian C Schutte
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine/Dow Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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19
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Gonçalves LS, Ferreira DDC, Heng NCK, Vidal F, Santos HF, Zanicotti DG, Vasconcellos M, Stambovsky M, Lawley B, Rubini NDPM, Santos KRN, Seymour GJ. Oral bacteriome of HIV‐1‐infected children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Next‐generation DNA sequencing analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1192-1204. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Vidal
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Katia Regina Netto Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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20
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Ke CY, Mei HH, Wong FH, Lo LJ. IRF6 and TAK1 coordinately promote the activation of HIPK2 to stimulate apoptosis during palate fusion. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/593/eaav7666. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common craniofacial defect caused by a failure in palate fusion. The palatal shelves migrate toward one another and meet at the embryonic midline, creating a seam. Transforming growth factor–β3 (TGF-β3)–induced apoptosis of the medial edge epithelium (MEE), the cells located along the seam, is required for completion of palate fusion. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) promotes TGF-β3–induced MEE cell apoptosis by stimulating the degradation of the transcription factor ΔNp63 and promoting the expression of the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Because homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) functions downstream of IRF6 in human cancer cells and is required for ΔNp63 protein degradation in keratinocytes, we investigated whether HIPK2 played a role in IRF6-induced ΔNp63 degradation in palate fusion. HIPK2 was present in the MEE cells of mouse palatal shelves during seam formation in vivo, and ectopic expression of IRF6 in palatal shelves cultured ex vivo stimulated the expression of Hipk2 and the accumulation of phosphorylated HIPK2. Knockdown and ectopic expression experiments in organ culture demonstrated that p21 was required for HIPK2- and IRF6-dependent activation of caspase 3, MEE apoptosis, and palate fusion. Contact between palatal shelves enhanced the phosphorylation of TGF-β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which promoted the phosphorylation of HIPK2 and palate fusion. Our findings demonstrate that HIPK2 promotes seam cell apoptosis and palate fusion downstream of IRF6 and that IRF6 and TAK1 appear to coordinately enhance the abundance and activation of HIPK2 during palate fusion.
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21
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Li H, Jones KL, Hooper JE, Williams T. The molecular anatomy of mammalian upper lip and primary palate fusion at single cell resolution. Development 2019; 146:dev.174888. [PMID: 31118233 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian lip and primary palate form when coordinated growth and morphogenesis bring the nasal and maxillary processes into contact, and the epithelia co-mingle, remodel and clear from the fusion site to allow mesenchyme continuity. Although several genes required for fusion have been identified, an integrated molecular and cellular description of the overall process is lacking. Here, we employ single cell RNA sequencing of the developing mouse face to identify ectodermal, mesenchymal and endothelial populations associated with patterning and fusion of the facial prominences. This analysis indicates that key cell populations at the fusion site exist within the periderm, basal epithelial cells and adjacent mesenchyme. We describe the expression profiles that make each population unique, and the signals that potentially integrate their behaviour. Overall, these data provide a comprehensive high-resolution description of the various cell populations participating in fusion of the lip and primary palate, as well as formation of the nasolacrimal groove, and they furnish a powerful resource for those investigating the molecular genetics of facial development and facial clefting that can be mined for crucial mechanistic information concerning this prevalent human birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joan E Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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22
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Grimes T, Potter SS, Datta S. Integrating gene regulatory pathways into differential network analysis of gene expression data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5479. [PMID: 30940863 PMCID: PMC6445151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing has introduced new opportunities in analyzing gene expression data. Research in systems biology has taken advantage of these opportunities by gleaning insights into gene regulatory networks through the analysis of gene association networks. Contrasting networks from different populations can reveal the many different roles genes fill, which can lead to new discoveries in gene function. Pathologies can also arise from aberrations in these gene-gene interactions. Exposing these network irregularities provides a new avenue for understanding and treating diseases. A general framework for integrating known gene regulatory pathways into a differential network analysis between two populations is proposed. The framework importantly allows for any gene-gene association measure to be used, and inference is carried out through permutation testing. A simulation study investigates the performance in identifying differentially connected genes when incorporating known pathways, even if the pathway knowledge is partially inaccurate. Another simulation study compares the general framework with four state-of-the-art methods. Two RNA-seq datasets are analyzed to illustrate the use of this framework in practice. In both examples, the analysis reveals genes and pathways that are known to be biologically significant along with potentially novel findings that may be used to motivate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Grimes
- University of Florida, Department of Biostatistics, Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, 45229, USA
| | - Somnath Datta
- University of Florida, Department of Biostatistics, Gainesville, 32611, USA.
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23
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Porcheri C, Meisel CT, Mitsiadis T. Multifactorial Contribution of Notch Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061520. [PMID: 30917608 PMCID: PMC6471940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) defines a group of solid tumors originating from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, pharynx, larynx, mouth, and nasal cavity. It has a metastatic evolution and poor prognosis and is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with 600,000 new cases reported every year. HNSCC heterogeneity and complexity is reflected in a multistep progression, involving crosstalk between several molecular pathways. The Notch pathway is associated with major events supporting cancerogenic evolution: cell proliferation, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and preservation of a pro-oncogenic microenvironment. Additionally, Notch is pivotal in tumor development and plays a dual role acting as both oncogene and tumor suppressor. In this review, we summarize the role of the Notch pathway in HNSCC, with a special focus on its compelling role in major events of tumor initiation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Porcheri
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Thomas Meisel
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Conditional deletion of Bmp2 in cranial neural crest cells recapitulates Pierre Robin sequence in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 376:199-210. [PMID: 30413887 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a crucial role in the development of craniofacial organs. Mutations in numerous members of the BMP signaling pathway lead to several severe human syndromes, including Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) caused by heterozygous loss of BMP2. In this study, we generate mice carrying Bmp2-specific deletion in cranial neural crest cells using floxed Bmp2 and Wnt1-Cre alleles to mimic PRS in humans. Mutant mice exhibit severe PRS with a significantly reduced size of craniofacial bones, cleft palate, malformed tongue and micrognathia. Palate clefting is caused by the undescended tongue that prevents palatal shelf elevation. However, the tongue in Wnt1-Cre;Bmp2f/f mice does not exhibit altered rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis, suggesting contribution of extrinsic defects to the failure of tongue descent. Further studies revealed obvious reduction in cell proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic progenitors in the mandible of the mutants, attributing to the micrognathia phenotype. Our study illustrates the pathogenesis of PRS caused by Bmp2 mutation, highlights the crucial role of BMP2 in the development of craniofacial bones and emphasizes precise coordination in the morphogenesis of palate, tongue and mandible during embryonic development.
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25
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Al Labban D, Jo SH, Ostano P, Saglietti C, Bongiovanni M, Panizzon R, Dotto GP. Notch-effector CSL promotes squamous cell carcinoma by repressing histone demethylase KDM6B. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2581-2599. [PMID: 29757189 DOI: 10.1172/jci96915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch 1/2 genes play tumor-suppressing functions in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a very common malignancy in skin and internal organs. In contrast with Notch, we show that the transcription factor CSL (also known as RBP-Jκ), a key effector of canonical Notch signaling endowed with intrinsic transcription-repressive functions, plays a tumor-promoting function in SCC development. Expression of this gene decreased in upper epidermal layers and human keratinocytes (HKCs) undergoing differentiation, while it increased in premalignant and malignant SCC lesions from skin, head/neck, and lung. Increased CSL levels enhanced the proliferative potential of HKCs and SCC cells, while silencing of CSL induced growth arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, SCC cells with increased CSL levels gave rise to rapidly expanding tumors, while cells with silenced CSL formed smaller and more differentiated tumors with enhanced inflammatory infiltrate. Global transcriptomic analysis of HKCs and SCC cells with silenced CSL revealed major modulation of apoptotic, cell-cycle, and proinflammatory genes. We also show that the histone demethylase KDM6B is a direct CSL-negative target, with inverse roles of CSL in HKC and SCC proliferative capacity, tumorigenesis, and tumor-associated inflammatory reaction. CSL/KDM6B protein expression could be used as a biomarker of SCC development and indicator of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al Labban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Hee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | | | | | - Renato Panizzon
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Jin JZ, Lei Z, Lan ZJ, Mukhopadhyay P, Ding J. Inactivation of Fgfr2 gene in mouse secondary palate mesenchymal cells leads to cleft palate. Reprod Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29526646 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling mammalian secondary palate development such as growth, reorientation and fusion. However, little is known about the signaling factors regulating palate initiation. Mouse fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 gene (Fgfr2) is expressed on E11.5 in the palate outgrowth within the maxillary process, in a region that is responsible for palate cell specification and shelf initiation. Fgfr2 continues to express in palate on E12.5 and E13.5 in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and inactivation of Fgfr2 expression in mesenchymal cells using floxed Fgfr2 allele and Osr2-Cre leads to cleft palate at various stages including reorientation, horizontal growth and fusion. Notably, some mutant embryos displayed no sign of palate shelf formation suggesting that FGF receptor 2 mediated FGF signaling may play an important role in palate initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Zhen Jin
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Lan
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jixiang Ding
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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27
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Paul BJ, Palmer K, Sharp JC, Pratt CH, Murray SA, Dunnwald M. ARHGAP29 Mutation Is Associated with Abnormal Oral Epithelial Adhesions. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1298-1305. [PMID: 28817352 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a prevalent birth defect of complex etiology. Previous studies identified mutations in ARHGAP29 associated with an increased risk for NSCL/P. To investigate the effects of ARHGAP29 in vivo, we generated a novel murine allele by inserting a point mutation identified in a patient with NSCL/P. This single-nucleotide variation of ARHGAP29 translates to an early nonsense mutation (K326X), presumably resulting in loss-of-function (LoF). Embryos from Arhgap29K326X/+ intercrosses were harvested at various time points. No homozygous Arhgap29K326X animals were found in the 45 analyzed litters, assessed as early as embryonic day 8.5 (e8.5). Coronal sectioning of e13.5 and e14.5 heads revealed that 59% of Arhgap29K326X/+ mice ( n = 37) exhibited improper epithelial contact between developing oral structures, while none were observed in wild types ( n = 10). In addition, Arhgap29K326X/+ embryos exhibited a significantly higher percentage of maxillary epithelium in contact with mandibular epithelium. Immunofluorescent analyses of the periderm and oral adhesions revealed the presence of Arhgap29 in periderm cells. These cells were p63 negative, keratin 17 positive, and keratin 6 positive and present at sites of adhesion, although occasionally disorganized. Oral adhesions did not appear to impair palatogenesis, as all analyzed Arhgap29K326X/+ embryos showed confluent palatal mesenchyme and epithelium at e18.5 ( n = 16), and no mice were found with a cleft at birth. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ARHGAP29 is required for embryonic survival and that heterozygosity for LoF variants of Arhgap29 increases the incidence and length of oral adhesions at a critical time point during orofacial development. In conclusion, we validate the LoF nature of the human K326X mutation in vivo and reveal a previously unknown effect of Arhgap29 in murine craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Paul
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K Palmer
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - J C Sharp
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - C H Pratt
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - S A Murray
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - M Dunnwald
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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28
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Zhang YD, Dong SY, Huang HZ. Inhibition of periderm removal in all-trans retinoic acid-induced cleft palate in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3393-3398. [PMID: 29042924 PMCID: PMC5639390 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common craniofacial birth defect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of excess all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on periderm removal and the disappearance of basal medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells during palatogenesis, particularly during the stage prior to contact. atRA (200 mg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6N mice at embryonic day (E) 12.0 by gavage. Fetal palates were processed and analyzed by histology and electron microscopy. Single palate shelf peridermal cells were removed and cultured in the presence of atRA (3 µM) only or in the presence of or the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD (100 µM) only, for 48 h. Once cultured, morphological changes were analyzed by histological staining and electron microscopy. A TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic neurons. Paired palatal shelves with periderm removal were cultured in the presence of atRA (3 µM) only or in the presence of Z-VAD (100 µM) only for 48 h and analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. At E14.5, medial edge epithelium periderm was retained in the atRA-treated palates but had been shed prior to contact in the control groups. In addition, atRA was revealed to disrupt the cell cycle in the periderm by downregulating p21. Furthermore, atRA inhibited apoptosis in the periderm and basal MEE cells; however, atRA exhibited no effect on basement membrane degradation in single palatal organ culture. Additionally, once paired palates were cultured for 48 h, all of the groups in which the periderm had been removed exhibited confluence of the embryonic palatal mesenchyme. The present results suggest that periderm removal is inhibited in atRA-induced cleft palate in mice and that removal of the periderm contributes to EPM confluence in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yi Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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29
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Hammond NL, Dixon J, Dixon MJ. Periderm: Life-cycle and function during orofacial and epidermal development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 91:75-83. [PMID: 28803895 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of the secondary palate involves a complex series of embryonic events which, if disrupted, result in the common congenital anomaly cleft palate. The secondary palate forms from paired palatal shelves which grow initially vertically before elevating to a horizontal position above the tongue and fusing together in the midline via the medial edge epithelia. As the epithelia of the vertical palatal shelves are in contact with the mandibular and lingual epithelia, pathological fusions between the palate and the mandible and/or the tongue must be prevented. This function is mediated by the single cell layered periderm which forms in a distinct and reproducible pattern early in embryogenesis, exhibits highly polarised expression of adhesion complexes, and is shed from the outer surface as the epidermis acquires its barrier function. Disruption of periderm formation and/or function underlies a series of birth defects that exhibit multiple inter-epithelial adhesions including the autosomal dominant popliteal pterygium syndrome and the autosomal recessive cocoon syndrome and Bartsocas Papas syndrome. Genetic analyses of these conditions have shown that IRF6, IKKA, SFN, RIPK4 and GRHL3, all of which are under the transcriptional control of p63, play a key role in periderm formation. Despite these observations, the medial edge epithelia must rapidly acquire the capability to fuse if the palatal shelves are not to remain cleft. This process is driven by TGFβ3-mediated, down-regulation of p63 in the medial edge epithelia which allows periderm migration out of the midline epithelial seam and reduces the proliferative potential of the midline epithelial seam thereby preventing cleft palate. Together, these findings indicate that periderm plays a transient but fundamental role during embryogenesis in preventing pathological adhesion between intimately apposed, adhesion-competent epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel L Hammond
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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30
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Abstract
Development of the mammalian secondary palate involves highly dynamic morphogenetic processes, including outgrowth of palatal shelves from the oral side of the embryonic maxillary prominences, elevation of the initially vertically oriented palatal shelves to the horizontal position above the embryonic tongue, and subsequently adhesion and fusion of the paired palatal shelves at the midline to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. Perturbation of any of these processes could cause cleft palate, a common birth defect that significantly affects patients' quality of life even after surgical treatment. In addition to identifying a large number of genes required for palate development, recent studies have begun to unravel the extensive cross-regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt signaling, and multiple transcription factors during palatal shelf growth and patterning. Multiple studies also provide new insights into the gene regulatory networks and/or dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, adhesion, and fusion. Here we summarize major recent advances and integrate the genes and molecular pathways with the cellular and morphogenetic processes of palatal shelf growth, patterning, elevation, adhesion, and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Y Lan
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Jiang
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Dong S, Wang J, Wang M, Chen M, Huang H. Involvement of Notch2 in all‑trans retinoic acid‑induced inhibition of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2538-2546. [PMID: 28713967 PMCID: PMC5547936 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is among the most common congenital disorders, and can be induced by exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) during mice and human embryogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the implication of atRA in the development of cleft palate has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, atRA administered by gavage resulted in formation of a cleft palate in 99% of treated C57BL/6 mice. Notch2 was revealed to be upregulated in mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells in the atRA-treated group compared with untreated control mice between embryonic day (E)12.5 and E14.5. In addition, atRA was demonstrated to mediate Notch2 expression via the activation of RA receptors (RARs). Since Notch2 activation has previously been reported to inhibit the proliferation of MEPM cells, the expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p21, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were assessed in samples from atRA-treated and control mouse embryos between E12.5 and E14.5. It was demonstrated that Notch2 silencing partially reversed the atRA-induced inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in MEPM cells. In addition, the atRA-induced cyclin D1 downregulation and p21 upregulation were partially reversed following Notch2 silencing, whereas the atRA-induced inhibition of cellular proliferation was also attenuated. Furthermore, it was revealed that Notch2 expression was upregulated, whereas Ki-67 expression was downregulated following atRA exposure, as assessed using resin bead-released atRA in MEPM cells. The present findings suggested that during embryonic development, atRA may enhance the expression of Notch2, which may inhibit cellular proliferation, possibly through ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Shiyi Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kiangwu Hospital, Macao, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanshan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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32
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Richardson R, Mitchell K, Hammond NL, Mollo MR, Kouwenhoven EN, Wyatt ND, Donaldson IJ, Zeef L, Burgis T, Blance R, van Heeringen SJ, Stunnenberg HG, Zhou H, Missero C, Romano RA, Sinha S, Dixon MJ, Dixon J. p63 exerts spatio-temporal control of palatal epithelial cell fate to prevent cleft palate. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006828. [PMID: 28604778 PMCID: PMC5484519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common congenital disorder that affects up to 1 in 2500 live births and results in considerable morbidity to affected individuals and their families. The aetiology of cleft palate is complex with both genetic and environmental factors implicated. Mutations in the transcription factor p63 are one of the major individual causes of cleft palate; however, the gene regulatory networks in which p63 functions remain only partially characterized. Our findings demonstrate that p63 functions as an essential regulatory molecule in the spatio-temporal control of palatal epithelial cell fate to ensure appropriate fusion of the palatal shelves. Initially, p63 induces periderm formation and controls its subsequent maintenance to prevent premature adhesion between adhesion-competent, intra-oral epithelia. Subsequently, TGFβ3-induced down-regulation of p63 in the medial edge epithelia of the palatal shelves is a pre-requisite for palatal fusion by facilitating periderm migration from, and reducing the proliferative potential of, the midline epithelial seam thereby preventing cleft palate. Cleft palate is a serious congenital condition which affects approximately 1 in every 2500 births. Cleft palate occurs when the palatal shelves fail to grow, adhere or fuse during development. Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor p63 result in cleft palate in humans and mice. However, the role of p63 and how it controls the network of genes to regulate palate development is not well understood.In this study, we demonstrate that p63 controls the spatio-temporal regulation of palatal epithelial cell fate to ensure appropriate palatal adhesion: p63 induces the formation of a flattened layer of epithelial (periderm) cells and controls its subsequent maintenance. We also demonstrate that TGFβ3-induced, down-regulation of p63 in the medial edge epithelial cells, through which the palatal shelves adhere and fuse, controls Jag2-induced periderm migration to the oral and nasal epithelial triangles. In addition, p63 plays a central role in maintaining the proliferative potential of the basal layer of the medial edge epithelia. Our study provides significant new insights into the mechanisms that regulate development of the palate by establishing the role of p63 in governing the fate of the midline epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Richardson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Mitchell
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel L. Hammond
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rosaria Mollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl (Center for Genetic Engineering), Napoli, Italy
| | - Evelyn N. Kouwenhoven
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niki D. Wyatt
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Donaldson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Zeef
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Burgis
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rognvald Blance
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl (Center for Genetic Engineering), Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rose Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JD); (MD)
| | - Jill Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JD); (MD)
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Huang B, Yang H, Cheng X, Wang D, Fu S, Shen W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Xue Z, Li Y, Da Y, Yang Q, Li Z, Liu L, Qiao L, Kong Y, Yao Z, Zhao P, Li M, Zhang R. tRF/miR-1280 Suppresses Stem Cell-like Cells and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3194-3206. [PMID: 28446464 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that tRNAs can be enzymatically cleaved to generate distinct classes of tRNA-derived fragments (tRF). Here, we report that tRF/miR-1280, a 17-bp fragment derived from tRNALeu and pre-miRNA, influences Notch signaling pathways that support the function of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in colorectal cancer progression. tRF/miR-1280 expression was decreased in human specimens of colorectal cancer. Ectopic expression of tRF/miR-1280 reduced cell proliferation and colony formation, whereas its suppression reversed these effects. Mechanistic investigations implicated the Notch ligand JAG2 as a direct target of tRF/miR-1280 binding through which it reduced tumor formation and metastasis. Notably, tRF/miR-1280-mediated inactivation of Notch signaling suppressed CSC phenotypes, including by direct transcriptional repression of the Gata1/3 and miR-200b genes. These results were consistent with findings of decreased levels of miR-200b and elevated levels of JAG2, Gata1, Gata3, Zeb1, and Suz12 in colorectal cancer tissue specimens. Taken together, our results established that tRF/miR-1280 suppresses colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by repressing Notch signaling pathways that support CSC phenotypes. Furthermore, they provide evidence that functionally active miRNA can be derived from tRNA, offering potential biomarker and therapeutic uses. Cancer Res; 77(12); 3194-206. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Huang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huipeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyu Fu
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencui Shen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Key Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengn, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hutson MS, Leung MCK, Baker NC, Spencer RM, Knudsen TB. Computational Model of Secondary Palate Fusion and Disruption. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:965-979. [PMID: 28045533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenetic events are driven by cell-generated physical forces and complex cellular dynamics. To improve our capacity to predict developmental effects from chemical-induced cellular alterations, we built a multicellular agent-based model in CompuCell3D that recapitulates the cellular networks and collective cell behavior underlying growth and fusion of the mammalian secondary palate. The model incorporated multiple signaling pathways (TGFβ, BMP, FGF, EGF, and SHH) in a biological framework to recapitulate morphogenetic events from palatal outgrowth through midline fusion. It effectively simulated higher-level phenotypes (e.g., midline contact, medial edge seam (MES) breakdown, mesenchymal confluence, and fusion defects) in response to genetic or environmental perturbations. Perturbation analysis of various control features revealed model functionality with respect to cell signaling systems and feedback loops for growth and fusion, diverse individual cell behaviors and collective cellular behavior leading to physical contact and midline fusion, and quantitative analysis of the TGF/EGF switch that controls MES breakdown-a key event in morphogenetic fusion. The virtual palate model was then executed with theoretical chemical perturbation scenarios to simulate switch behavior leading to a disruption of fusion following chronic (e.g., dioxin) and acute (e.g., retinoic acid) chemical exposures. This computer model adds to similar systems models toward an integrative "virtual embryo" for simulation and quantitative prediction of adverse developmental outcomes following genetic perturbation and/or environmental disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shane Hutson
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Biological Sciences and Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystem Research & Education, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37832, United States
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37832, United States
| | - Nancy C Baker
- Leidos , Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Richard M Spencer
- Leidos , Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States
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35
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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36
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Activation of Notch1 inhibits medial edge epithelium apoptosis in all-trans retinoic acid-induced cleft palate in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:322-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Oommen S, Blackburn J, Watanabe M, Nagai T, Kitamura A, Maeda T, Liu B, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Akiyama T, Inoue JI, Hammond NL, Sharpe PT, Ohazama A. Regional regulation of Filiform tongue papillae development by Ikkα/Irf6. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:937-46. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
- Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Shelly Oommen
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
| | - James Blackburn
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Momoko Watanabe
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Smithville Texas
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Nigel L. Hammond
- Faculty of Life Sciences and School of Dentistry, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy; Department of Oral Biological Science; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology; Dental Institute, Kings College London; London United Kingdom
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Byrd KM, Lough KJ, Patel JH, Descovich CP, Curtis TA, Williams SE. LGN plays distinct roles in oral epithelial stratification, filiform papilla morphogenesis and hair follicle development. Development 2016; 143:2803-17. [PMID: 27317810 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral epithelia protect against constant challenges by bacteria, viruses, toxins and injury while also contributing to the formation of ectodermal appendages such as teeth, salivary glands and lingual papillae. Despite increasing evidence that differentiation pathway genes are frequently mutated in oral cancers, comparatively little is known about the mechanisms that regulate normal oral epithelial development. Here, we characterize oral epithelial stratification and describe multiple distinct functions for the mitotic spindle orientation gene LGN (Gpsm2) in promoting differentiation and tissue patterning in the mouse oral cavity. Similar to its function in epidermis, apically localized LGN directs perpendicular divisions that promote stratification of the palatal, buccogingival and ventral tongue epithelia. Surprisingly, however, in dorsal tongue LGN is predominantly localized basally, circumferentially or bilaterally and promotes planar divisions. Loss of LGN disrupts the organization and morphogenesis of filiform papillae but appears to be dispensable for embryonic hair follicle development. Thus, LGN has crucial tissue-specific functions in patterning surface ectoderm and its appendages by controlling division orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Carlos Patiño Descovich
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - T Anthony Curtis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Yuan G, Singh G, Chen S, Perez KC, Wu Y, Liu B, Helms JA. Cleft Palate and Aglossia Result From Perturbations in Wnt and Hedgehog Signaling. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 54:269-280. [PMID: 27259005 DOI: 10.1597/15-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the molecular basis for cleft secondary palate and arrested tongue development caused by the loss of the intraflagellar transport protein, Kif3a. DESIGN Kif3a mutant embryos and their littermate controls were analyzed for defects in facial development at multiple stages of embryonic development. Histology was employed to understand the effects of Kif3a deletion on palate and tongue development. Various transgenic reporter strains were used to understand how deletion of Kif3a affected Hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Immunostaining for structural elements of the tongue and for components of the Wnt pathway were performed. BrdU activity analyses were carried out to examine how the loss of Kif3a affected cell proliferation and led to palate and tongue malformations. RESULTS Kif3a deletion causes cranial neural crest cells to become unresponsive to Hedgehog signals and hyper-responsive to Wnt signals. This aberrant molecular signaling causes abnormally high cell proliferation, but paradoxically outgrowths of the tongue and the palatal processes are reduced. The basis for this enigmatic effect can be traced back to a disruption in epithelial/mesenchymal signaling that governs facial development. CONCLUSION The primary cilium is a cell surface organelle that integrates Hh and Wnt signaling, and disruptions in the function of the primary cilium cause one of the most common-of the rarest-craniofacial birth defects observed in humans. The shared molecular basis for these dysmorphologies is an abnormally high Wnt signal simultaneous with an abnormally low Hedgehog signal. These pathways are integrated in the primary cilium.
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Xavier GM, Miletich I, Cobourne MT. Ephrin Ligands and Eph Receptors Show Regionally Restricted Expression in the Developing Palate and Tongue. Front Physiol 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 26941654 PMCID: PMC4763095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph family receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors constitute the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Ephrin ligands and their receptors form an important cell communication system with widespread roles in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. In order to investigate potential roles of the ephrin-Eph system during palatogenesis and tongue development, we have characterized the cellular mRNA expression of family members EphrinA1-A3, EphA1–A8, and EphrinB2, EphB1, EphB4 during murine embryogenesis between embryonic day 13.5–16.5 using radioactive in situ hybridization. With the exception of EphA6 and ephrinA3, all genes were regionally expressed during the process of palatogenesis, with restricted and often overlapping domains. Transcripts were identified in the palate epithelium, localized at the tip of the palatal shelves, in the mesenchyme and also confined to the medial epithelium seam. Numerous Eph transcripts were also identified during tongue development. In particular, EphA1 and EphA2 demonstrated a highly restricted and specific expression in the tongue epithelium at all stages examined, whereas EphA3 was strongly expressed in the lateral tongue mesenchyme. These results suggest regulatory roles for ephrin-EphA signaling in development of the murine palate and tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Xavier
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK
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Huang H, Yang X, Bao M, Cao H, Miao X, Zhang X, Gan L, Qiu M, Zhang Z. Ablation of the Sox11 Gene Results in Clefting of the Secondary Palate Resembling the Pierre Robin Sequence. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7107-18. [PMID: 26826126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse gene inactivation has shown that the transcription factor Sox11 is required for mouse palatogenesis. However, whether Sox11 is primarily involved in the regulation of palatogenesis still remains elusive. In this study, we explored the role ofSox11in palatogenesis by analyzing the developmental mechanism in cleft palate formation in mutants deficient in Sox11. Sox11 is expressed both in the developing palatal shelf and in the surrounding structures, including the mandible. We found that cleft palate occurs only in the mutant in which Sox11is directly deleted. As in the wild type, the palatal shelves in the Sox11 mutant undergo outgrowth in a downward direction and exhibit potential for fusion and elevation. However, mutant palatal shelves encounter clefting, which is associated with a malpositioned tongue that results in physical obstruction of palatal shelf elevation at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). We found that loss of Sox11led to reduced cell proliferation in the developing mandibular mesenchyme via Cyclin D1, leading to mandibular hypoplasia, which blocks tongue descent. Extensive analyses of gene expression inSox11 deficiency identified FGF9 as a potential candidate target of Sox11 in the modulation of cell proliferation both in the mandible and the palatal shelf between E12.5 and E13.5. Finally we show, using in vitro assays, that Sox11 directly regulates the expression of Fgf9 and that application of FGF9 protein to Sox11-deficient palatal shelves restores the rate of BrdU incorporation. Taken together, the palate defects presented in the Sox11 loss mutant mimic the clefting in the Pierre Robin sequence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Huang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Meiling Bao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Huanhuan Cao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Lin Gan
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- From the Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang 310036, China
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Abstract
Palatogenesis involves the initiation, growth, morphogenesis, and fusion of the primary and secondary palatal shelves from initially separate facial prominences during embryogenesis to form the intact palate separating the oral cavity from the nostrils. The palatal shelves consist mainly of cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells covered by a simple embryonic epithelium. The growth and patterning of the palatal shelves are controlled by reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulated by multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. During palatal shelf outgrowth, the embryonic epithelium develops a "teflon" coat consisting of a single, continuous layer of periderm cells that prevents the facial prominences and palatal shelves from forming aberrant interepithelial adhesions. Palatal fusion involves not only spatiotemporally regulated disruption of the periderm but also dynamic cellular and molecular processes that result in adhesion and intercalation of the palatal medial edge epithelia to form an intershelf epithelial seam, and subsequent dissolution of the epithelial seam to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. The complexity of regulation of these morphogenetic processes is reflected by the common occurrence of cleft palate in humans. This review will summarize major recent advances and discuss major remaining gaps in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Calenic B, Greabu M, Caruntu C, Tanase C, Battino M. Oral keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells: specific markers, molecular signaling pathways and potential uses. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:68-82. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Numerous genes including Irf6 have been revealed to contribute to cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). In this study, we performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis of Irf6-related gene regulatory network involved in palate and lip development by using GeneDecks, DAVID, STRING, and GeneMANIA database. Our results showed that many CL/P candidate genes have relation with Irf6, and 9 of these genes, including Msx1, Pvrl1, Pax9, Jag2, Irf6, Tgfb3, Rara, Gli2, and Tgfb2, were enriched into the CL/P gene group. Some of these 9 genes also were commonly involved in different signaling pathways and different biological processes, and they also have protein-protein interactions with Irf6. These findings make us analyze the intricate function of Irf6 in a CL/P gene regulatory network, followed by guiding us to perform further functional studies on these genes in the future. This method also offers us a simple, cheap, but useful method to analyze the relationship with a gene regulatory network of a certain disease such as CL/P.
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Ferreira DC, Gonçalves LS, Siqueira JF, Carmo FL, Santos HF, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Soares GM, Rosado AS, dos Santos KRN, Colombo APV. Subgingival bacterial community profiles in HIV-infected Brazilian adults with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:95-102. [PMID: 26040412 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To compare the subgingival microbial diversity between non-HIV-infected and HIV-infected individuals with chronic periodontitis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients were selected: 11 were HIV-infected and 21 were non-HIV-infected, and all had chronic periodontitis. Periodontal measurements included probing depth, clinical attachment level, visible supragingival biofilm and bleeding on probing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from periodontal sites (50% with probing depth ≤ 4 mm and 50% with probing depth ≥ 5 mm) and whole-genomic-amplified DNA was obtained. The DNA samples were subjected to amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment using universal bacterial primers, followed by DGGE analysis of the amplified gene sequences. RESULTS The non-HIV-infected group presented higher mean full-mouth visible supragingival biofilm (p = 0.004), bleeding on probing (p = 0.006), probing depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001) in comparison with the HIV-infected group. DGGE analysis revealed 81 distinct bands from all 33 individuals. Banding profiles revealed a higher diversity of the bacterial communities in the subgingival biofilm of HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, cluster and principal component analyses demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles differed between these two conditions. High interindividual and intra-individual variability in banding profiles were observed for both groups. CONCLUSION HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis present greater subgingival microbial diversity. In addition, the bacterial communities associated with HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals are different in structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S Gonçalves
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F L Carmo
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H F Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Feres
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - L C Figueiredo
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - G M Soares
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - A S Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K R N dos Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A P V Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu Y, Chen H, Sun Z, Chen X. Molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:164-73. [PMID: 25766659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a major etiological factor of oro-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OESCC). Both local and systemic effects of ethanol may promote carcinogenesis, especially among chronic alcoholics. However, molecular mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize current understandings and propose three mechanisms of ethanol-associated OESCC: (1) Disturbance of systemic metabolism of nutrients: during ethanol metabolism in the liver, systemic metabolism of retinoids, zinc, iron and methyl groups is altered. These nutrients are known to be associated with the development of OESCC. (2) Disturbance of redox metabolism in squamous epithelial cells: when ethanol is metabolized in oro-esophageal squamous epithelial cells, reactive oxygen species are generated and produce oxidative damage. Meanwhile, ethanol may also disturb fatty-acid metabolism in these cells. (3) Disturbance of signaling pathways in squamous epithelial cells: due to its physico-chemical properties, ethanol changes cell membrane fluidity and shape, and may thus impact multiple signaling pathways. Advanced molecular techniques in genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics will help us elucidate how ethanol promotes OESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Biggs LC, Goudy SL, Dunnwald M. Palatogenesis and cutaneous repair: A two-headed coin. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:289-310. [PMID: 25370680 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reparative mechanism that operates following post-natal cutaneous injury is a fundamental survival function that requires a well-orchestrated series of molecular and cellular events. At the end, the body will have closed the hole using processes like cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation and fusion. RESULTS These processes are similar to those occurring during embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. Palatogenesis, the formation of the palate from two independent palatal shelves growing towards each other and fusing, intuitively, shares many similarities with the closure of a cutaneous wound from the two migrating epithelial fronts. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the current information on cutaneous development, wound healing, palatogenesis and orofacial clefting and propose that orofacial clefting and wound healing are conserved processes that share common pathways and gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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48
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Deciphering TGF-β3 function in medial edge epithelium specification and fusion during mouse secondary palate development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1536-43. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Zhang Y, Chai J, Qiu Y, Zhang M, Zhang L, Yu J. Notch signaling in the differentiation of MEE cells from the developing mouse palate. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:338-41. [PMID: 24492535 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eugenic technology, Shandong Planned Parenthood Institute of Science and Technology, Jinan 250002, China
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Lane J, Kaartinen V. Signaling networks in palate development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 6:271-8. [PMID: 24644145 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Palatogenesis, the formation of the palate, is a dynamic process regulated by a complex series of context-dependent morphogenetic signaling events. Many genes involved in palatogenesis have been discovered through the use of genetically manipulated mouse models as well as from human genetic studies, but the roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks regulating palatogenesis are still poorly known. In this review, we give a brief overview on palatogenesis and introduce key signaling cascades leading to formation of the intact palate. Moreover, we review conceptual differences between pathway biology and network biology and discuss how some of the recent technological advances in conjunction with mouse genetic models have contributed to our understanding of signaling networks regulating palate growth and fusion. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lane
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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