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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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OUP accepted manuscript. Lab Med 2022; 53:405-411. [DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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3
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CD40-CD154: A perspective from type 2 immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101528. [PMID: 34810089 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between CD40 and CD154 (CD40 ligand) is central in immunology, participating in CD4+ T cell priming by dendritic cells (DC), CD4+ T cell help to B cells and classical macrophage activation by CD4+ T cells. However, its role in the Th2 side of immunology including helminth infection remains incompletely understood. Contrary to viral and bacterial stimuli, helminth products usually do not cause CD40 up-regulation in DC, and exogenous CD40 ligation drives Th2-biased systems towards Th1. On the other hand, CD40 and CD154 are necessary for induction of most Th2 responses. We attempt to reconcile these observations, mainly by proposing that (i) CD40 up-regulation in DC in Th2 systems is mostly induced by alarmins, (ii) the Th2 to Th1 shift induced by exogenous CD40 ligation is related to the capacity of such ligation to enhance IL-12 production by myeloid cells, and (iii) signals elicited by endogenous CD154 available in Th2 contexts and by exogenous CD40 ligation are probably different. We stress that CD40-CD154 is important beyond cognate cellular interactions. In such a context, we argue that the proliferation response of B-cells to IL-4 plus CD154 reflects a Th2-specific mechanism for polyclonal B-cell amplification and IgE production at infection sites. Finally, we argue that CD154 is a general immune activation signal across immune polarization including Th2, and propose that competition for CD154 at tissue sites may provide negative feedback on response induction at each site.
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B cell and monocyte phenotyping: A quick asset to investigate the immune status in patients with IgA nephropathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248056. [PMID: 33740017 PMCID: PMC7978284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) advances from multiple pathogenic “hits” resulting in poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 glycoforms (Gd-IgA1), production of antibodies and glomerular deposition of immune complexes. A sequence of immune responses arising from plasma cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), causes glomerular injury. This study was designed to phenotype subsets of B cells, monocytes and T cells in the peripheral circulation and their association with inflammatory cytokines and kidney function in patients with IgAN, healthy controls (HC) and disease controls with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Methods Patients with IgAN (n = 13), median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 57 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 42–84), patients with ADPKD (n = 13) matched for kidney function, gender and age and gender and age-matched HC (n = 13) were recruited. CD3+ and CD3- peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and profiled based on their specific surface markers for different subsets of monocytes, B and T cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Results We observed a significant decrease in the proportion of pre-switched B cells and plasmablasts, but an increase in long-lived plasma cells in the peripheral circulation of IgAN patients compared to HC. The proportion of non-classical monocytes was significantly higher in IgAN patients compared to both HC and ADPKD. We also report an association between sCD40L levels and the proportion of pre-switched B cells, as well as sCD40L and MCP-1 levels and albuminuria in IgAN patients. Conclusions We applied an easy-access method to analyze subsets of immune cells as well as relevant inflammatory mediators in IgAN patients. Our data demonstrate an altered B cell profile that indicates a pathophysiological role of the B cell lineage and an increased proportion of non-classical monocytes that suggests their role in the disease process.
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Feng Z, Wang J. Soluble CD40 ligand inhibits the growth of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells through the JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:56. [PMID: 33281967 PMCID: PMC7709545 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been increasing annually and has become a serious threat to human health. However, the pathogenesis of NHL remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) on NHL cells and its underlying mechanism. Cell Counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry apoptosis experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sCD40L on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression levels of BAX, Bcl-2, ERK, p-ERK, JNK, p-JNK, p38, p-p38 and c-JUN. The results of the present study demonstrated that exogenous sCD40L significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of Raji and CA46 cells. Additionally, exogenous sCD40L promoted the apoptosis of lymphoma cells by activating the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and PD1, both of which are members of the CD28 family. In autoimmunity, these same pathways can be targeted to opposite effect: to curb the over-exuberant immune response. The CTLA4 checkpoint serves as an exemplar, whereby CTLA4 activity is blocked by antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and augmented by the provision of soluble CTLA4 in autoimmunity. Here, we review the targeting of co-stimulatory molecules in autoimmune diseases, focusing in particular on agents directed at members of the CD28 or tumour necrosis factor receptor families. We present the state of the art in co-stimulatory blockade approaches, including rational combinations of immune inhibitory agents, and discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Tapia-Llanos R, Muñoz-Valle JF, Román-Fernández IV, Marín-Rosales M, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Orozco-Barocio G, Guareña-Casillas JA, Oregon-Romero E, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Association of soluble CD40 levels with -1 C > T CD40 polymorphism and chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e1014. [PMID: 31642196 PMCID: PMC6900383 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD40 is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the antigen‐presenting cells surface. CD40 plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin class switching and antibodies production. Genetic polymorphisms in the CD40 gene have been associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in several populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CD40 polymorphisms (−1 C > T, rs1883832 and 6,048 G > T, rs4810485) with SLE susceptibility, as well as with mRNA expression and soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels. Methods The study included 293 patients with SLE and 294 control subjects (CS). Genotyping was performed by PCR‐RFLP method. CD40 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and ELISA quantified sCD40 levels. Results The CD40 polymorphisms −1 C > T and 6,048 G > T were associated with SLE susceptibility. There was no difference between CD40 mRNA expression and CD40 polymorphisms. The sCD40 levels were lower in SLE patients with TT haplotype, whereas higher sCD40 levels were associated with damage and impaired renal function according to SLICC and KDIGO. The sCD40 levels were negatively correlated with eGFR. Conclusion The CD40 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of SLE in the western Mexican population. The sCD40 levels are associated with −1 C > T polymorphism and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziel Tapia-Llanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Doctorado en Biología Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ilce V Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Orozco-Barocio
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Guareña-Casillas
- Especialidad de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Assessment of CD40 and CD40L expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, association with clinical features and DAS28. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:427-437. [PMID: 31313080 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4 + T cells is a characteristic of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway contributes to these pathogenic mechanisms by promoting autoantibody production and inflammation. Aberrant expression of CD40 and CD40L in RA patients has been shown, the latter prevailing in females. However, contrasting results have emerged regarding the clinical associations of these findings. We determined the association of CD40 and CD40L expression with the clinical activity evaluated through DAS28 in RA patients. A total of 38 female RA patients and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included. CD40 and CD40L mRNA expression was quantified by real-time qPCR, cell surface proteins were determined by flow cytometry, and protein soluble forms were determined by ELISA. The expansion of a CD4 + T cell subpopulation expressing CD40 was identified in the RA group. In addition, high frequencies of CD4 + CD40L + T cells expressing high levels of CD40L, increased levels of sCD40L and overexpression of CD40L mRNA were observed in these patients. Moreover, there was a gradual increase in CD40L when data were stratified according to DAS28, except for very active patients. No correlation was observed between the levels of mRNA, cell surface protein and soluble protein of CD40 and CD40L with the clinical features of RA patients. There is an altered expression of CD40L in female RA patients in association with clinical activity assessed by DAS28, these findings support the evidence that suggests CD40L as a marker of clinical activity.
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Faour WH, Merimi M, Sokal EM, Lombard CA, Fahmi H. Immunological modulation following bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and Th17 lymphocyte co-cultures. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:203-213. [PMID: 30506263 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective of the study is to uncover the influence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes in co-cultures of both BM-MSCs and T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BM-MSCs, characterized according to the international society for cellular therapy (ISCT) criteria, were co-cultured with T cells isolated from peripheral blood. The expression levels of IL-17 receptor, RORγt and IL-23 receptor were evaluated using flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines involved in Th17 immunomodulation were measured using multiplex assay. TREATMENT Inflammatory primed and non-primed BM-MSCs were co-cultured with either activated or non-activated T cells either at (1/80) and (1/5) ratio respectively. RESULTS MSC/T-cell ratio and inflammation significantly influenced the effect of BM-MSCs on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes. Cocultures of either primed or non-primed BM-MSCs with activated T cells significantly induced IL-17A-expressing lymphocytes. Interestingly, the expression of the transcription factor RORγt was significantly increased when compared to levels in activated T cells. Finally, both cell ratio and priming of BM-MSCs with cytokines substantially influenced the cytokine profile of BM-MSCs and T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BM-MSCs significantly modulate the Th17 lymphocyte pathway in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Pharmacology, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
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The Costimulatory Pathways and T Regulatory Cells in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Strong Arm in the Inflammatory Response? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051283. [PMID: 29693595 PMCID: PMC5983665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules have been identified as crucial regulators in the inflammatory response in various immunologic disease models. These molecules are classified into four different families depending on their structure. Here, we will focus on various ischemia studies that use costimulatory molecules as a target to reduce the inherent inflammatory status. Furthermore, we will discuss the relevant role of T regulatory cells in these inflammatory mechanisms and the costimulatory pathways in which they are involved.
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Circulating CD40 and sCD40L Predict Changes in Renal Function in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7942. [PMID: 28801616 PMCID: PMC5554219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has been implicated in the development of renal injury. The CD40 receptor exists in a soluble form, sCD40R, and has been shown to function as a competitive antagonist against CD40 activation. We analyzed whether plasma levels of sCD40L and sCD40R predict changes in renal function in an all-cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort. Stratification of subjects based on sCD40L and sCD40R individually, as well as in combination, demonstrated that sCD40L was directly associated with declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). sCD40R was negatively associated with declines in eGFR. Baseline characteristics following stratification, including systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease, primary renal disease classification, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker usage were not significantly different. High sCD40L and low sCD40R were both found to be independent predictors of a decline in eGFR at 1-year follow-up (−7.57%, p = 0.014; −6.39%, p = 0.044). Our data suggest that circulating levels of sCD40L and sCD40R are associated with changes in renal function in patients with CKD. The CD40 decoy receptor, sCD40R, may serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate renal function decline.
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Haimakainen S, Kaukinen AP, Suttle MM, Pelkonen J, Harvima IT. CD40 Ligand Is Increased in Mast Cells in Psoriasis and Actinic Keratosis but Less So in Epithelial Skin Carcinomas. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:143-151. [PMID: 28267402 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1289216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) in mast cells was investigated in biopsies from lesional and non-lesional skin samples of patients with psoriasis, actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma using a sequential double-staining technique. The percentage of CD40L+ mast cells was higher in the lesional than in the non-lesional skin (p < .003). Interestingly, this percentage was lower in both carcinomas than in psoriasis and actinic keratosis (p < .025). Cells immunopositive for CD40 receptor were increased in all lesion types but especially so in carcinomas. The results suggest a dysregulated anti-tumoral immune response by mast cell CD40L in skin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Haimakainen
- a Department of Dermatology , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Antti P Kaukinen
- a Department of Dermatology , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mireille-Maria Suttle
- a Department of Dermatology , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jukka Pelkonen
- b Department of Clinical Microbiology , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Ilkka T Harvima
- a Department of Dermatology , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
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Chronic pancreatitis: Do serum biomarkers provide an association with an inflammageing phenotype? Pancreatology 2016; 16:708-14. [PMID: 27554641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is associated with accelerated mortality for patients suffering from this disease. The association between chronic inflammation and accelerated biological ageing has been well described and is often referred to as "inflammageing". In this review we seek to determine how systemic inflammation in chronic pancreatitis may contribute to an accelerated ageing phenotype. METHODS A systematic literature search with a predefined search protocol was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane libraries according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search identified 499 studies. After title, abstract and full text screen of the search results, 20 were included for further evaluation. In the 20 remaining articles 41 inflammatory mediators were identified - mainly involved in chronic inflammation, fibrosis and particularly cardinal features of inflammageing such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Chronic pancreatitis is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators many of which are associated with an accelerated ageing phenotype and may explain some of the clinical sequelae of this disease.
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Öckinger J, Hagemann-Jensen M, Kullberg S, Engvall B, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Piehl F, Olsson T, Wahlström J. T-cell activation and HLA-regulated response to smoking in the deep airways of patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:114-120. [PMID: 27339331 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and the risk is further multiplied for HLA-DRB1*15(+) smokers. To define the smoke-induced immune responses in the lung we performed bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on smokers and non-smokers, both MS-patients and healthy volunteers. In the BAL, non-smokers with MS showed an increased preformed CD40L expression in CD4(+) T-cells while smokers displayed an increase in proliferating (Ki-67(+)) T-cells. In addition, our results confirm that smoking induces an increase of alveolar macrophages in BAL, and further defined a significant attenuation of this response in carriers of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele, in both MS patients and healthy controls. This first systematic investigation of the immune response in the lungs of smokers and non-smokers diagnosed with MS, thus suggests an MS-associated lung T-cell phenotype, involvement of a specific T-cell response to smoke, and a genetic regulation of the macrophage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benita Engvall
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Delville M, Sigdel TK, Wei C, Li J, Hsieh SC, Fornoni A, Burke GW, Bruneval P, Naesens M, Jackson A, Alachkar N, Canaud G, Legendre C, Anglicheau D, Reiser J, Sarwal MM. A circulating antibody panel for pretransplant prediction of FSGS recurrence after kidney transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:256ra136. [PMID: 25273097 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (rFSGS) after kidney transplantation is a cause of accelerated graft loss. To evaluate pathogenic antibodies (Abs) in rFSGS, we processed 141 serum samples from 64 patients with and without primary rFSGS and 34 non-FSGS control patients transplanted at four hospitals. We screened about 9000 antigens in pretransplant sera and selected 10 Abs targeting glomerular antigens for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation. A panel of seven Abs (CD40, PTPRO, CGB5, FAS, P2RY11, SNRPB2, and APOL2) could predict posttransplant FSGS recurrence with 92% accuracy. Pretransplant elevation of anti-CD40 Ab alone had the best correlation (78% accuracy) with rFSGS risk after transplantation. Epitope mapping of CD40 with customized peptide arrays and rFSGS sera demonstrated altered immunogenicity of the extracellular CD40 domain in rFSGS. Immunohistochemistry of CD40 demonstrated a differential expression in FSGS compared to non-FSGS controls. Anti-CD40 Abs purified from rFSGS patients were particularly pathogenic in human podocyte cultures. Injection of anti-CD40/rFSGS Ab enhanced suPAR (soluble urokinase receptor)-mediated proteinuria in wild-type mice, yet no sensitizing effect was noted in mice deficient in CD40 or in wild-type mice that received blocking Ab to CD40. In conclusion, a panel of seven Abs can help identify primary FSGS patients at high risk of recurrence before transplantation. Intrarenal CD40 (and possibly other specific glomerular antigens) is an important contributor to FSGS disease pathogenesis. Human trials of anti-CD40 therapies are warranted to evaluate their efficacy for preventing rFSGS and improving graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Delville
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1171, Réseau Thématique de Recherche et de Soins Centaure, Labex Transplantex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tara K Sigdel
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Szu-Chuan Hsieh
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Jackson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nada Alachkar
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1171, Réseau Thématique de Recherche et de Soins Centaure, Labex Transplantex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1171, Réseau Thématique de Recherche et de Soins Centaure, Labex Transplantex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1171, Réseau Thématique de Recherche et de Soins Centaure, Labex Transplantex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Jasinska T, Wyszynska-Chlap M, Kasperski J, Kasperska-Zajac A. Plasma soluble CD40 concentration in patients with delayed pressure urticaria. EUR J INFLAMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x15582309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the immune-inflammatory cascade in delayed pressure urticaria (DPU). It has been suggested that increased activation/expression of CD40 may result in enhanced release of soluble CD40 (sCD40) in chronic urticaria. To investigate release of sCD40 in the course of DPU, plasma sCD40 concentration was measured using ELISA method in 18 adult patients with DPU and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma sCD40 concentration did not differ significantly in the DPU group as compared to healthy subjects. The present study as well as the earlier contributions, suggest that distinct CD40-signalling activity manifested by sCD40 release may be identified in different types of urticaria. Delayed pressure urticaria is not associated with increased circulating sCD40 concentration, contrary to chronic spontaneous urticaria with positive response to autologous serum skin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jasinska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Wyszynska-Chlap
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - J Kasperski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Kasperska-Zajac
- Department of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Tanaka S, Hayashi T, Tani Y, Hirayama F. Removal of biological response modifiers associated with platelet transfusion reactions by columns containing adsorption beads. Transfusion 2014; 54:1790-7. [PMID: 24417744 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological response modifiers (BRMs), such as soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L); regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES); and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), are released from platelets (PLTs) during storage and may trigger adverse effects after PLT transfusion. Although washing PLTs is effective at reducing the level of BRMs and the incidence of transfusion reactions, the washing procedure is time-consuming and may induce PLT activation. Furthermore, some BRMs continue to accumulate during the storage of washed PLTs. A method to remove BRMs using adsorbent columns has not yet been developed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the ability of columns packed with Selesorb and Liposorber beads, which are both clinically used, to remove BRMs from PLT concentrates (PCs) stored for 5 days. The levels of these BRMs were determined before and after adsorption. RESULTS The adsorption columns significantly reduced the levels of RANTES and sCD40L and partially reduced TGF-β1. There were no significant effects on PLT activation, aggregation, morphology, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (an indicator of PLT lysis) levels, or hypotonic shock response. Adsorption, however, reduced the PLT recovery to approximately 60% of the untreated value. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the levels of BRMs were substantially reduced using columns of clinically available adsorption beads. PLT functions and the quality of PCs were maintained after adsorption. The use of adsorption columns may be useful in reducing the incidence of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions.
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Abstract
CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in immunity against intracellular pathogens, with cytotoxicity being considered their major effector mechanism. However, we here demonstrate that a major part of central and effector memory CD8(+) T cells expresses CD40L, one key molecule for CD4(+) T-cell-mediated help. CD40L(+) CD8(+) T cells are detectable among human antigen-specific immune responses, including pathogens such as influenza and yellow fever virus. CD40L(+) CD8(+) T cells display potent helper functions in vitro and in vivo, such as activation of antigen-presenting cells, and exhibit a cytokine expression signature similar to CD4(+) T cells and unrelated to cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. The broad occurrence of CD40L(+) CD8(+) T cells in cellular immunity implicates that helper functions are not only executed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted CD4(+) helper T cells but are also a common feature of MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses. Due to their versatile functional capacities, human CD40L(+) CD8(+) T cells are promising candidate cells for immune therapies, particularly when CD4(+) T-cell help or pathogen-associated molecular pattern signals are limited.
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Jasinska T, Kasperska-Zajac A. Increased plasma-soluble CD40 concentration in patients with chronic urticaria with positive autologous serum skin test. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1356-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Esposito P, Rampino T, Dal Canton A. Soluble CD40 as a modulator of CD40 pathway. Immunol Lett 2012; 147:85-6. [PMID: 22819355 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Buszman PP, Wojakowski W, Milewski K, Dębiński M, Pająk J, Aboodi MS, Jackiewicz W, Kawka M, Bochenek A, Prats J, Granada JF, Kałuża GL, Buszman PE. Controlled Reperfusion with Intravenous Bivalirudin and Intracoronary Abciximab Combination Therapy in the Porcine Myocardial Infarction Model. Thromb Res 2012; 130:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Esposito P, Rampino T, Gregorini M, Gabanti E, Bianzina S, Dal Canton A. Mechanisms underlying sCD40 production in hemodialysis patients. Cell Immunol 2012; 278:10-5. [PMID: 23121970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD40 and its ligand (CD40L) regulate several cellular functions, including T and B-cell activation. The soluble form of CD40 (sCD40) antagonizes CD40/CD40L interaction. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present elevated sCD40 serum levels, which underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We studied sCD40 serum and urinary levels, CD40 membrane and gene expression and membrane shedding in HD, uremic not-HD patients (UR) and healthy subjects (N). We found that in HD sCD40 serum levels were higher than UR and N, being significantly elevated in anuric patients, and that sCD40 correlated to renal function in UR subjects, who presented also a reduced sCD40 urinary excretion rate. HD and UR presented reduced CD40 membrane and gene expression. The concentration of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), responsible for CD40 cleavage was not different between HD and N. Therefore the reduced renal clearance is the main cause of elevated sCD40 levels in HD. This finding could have relevant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Esposito P, Dal Canton A. CD40/CD40L and cardiovascular risk in patients on haemodialysis: a role for soluble CD40? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2414-5; author reply 2415-6. [PMID: 21565946 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Chevalier N, Jarrossay D, Ho E, Avery DT, Ma CS, Yu D, Sallusto F, Tangye SG, Mackay CR. CXCR5 expressing human central memory CD4 T cells and their relevance for humoral immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5556-68. [PMID: 21471443 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High expression of CXCR5 is one of the defining hallmarks of T follicular helper cells (T(FH)), a CD4 Th cell subset that promotes germinal center reactions and the selection and affinity maturation of B cells. CXCR5 is also expressed on 20-25% of peripheral blood human central memory CD4 T cells (T(CM)), although the definitive function of these cells is not fully understood. The constitutive expression of CXCR5 on T(FH) cells and a fraction of circulating T(CM) suggests that CXCR5(+) T(CM) may represent a specialized subset of memory-type T(FH) cells programmed for homing to follicles and providing B cell help. To verify this assumption, we analyzed this cell population and show its specialized function in supporting humoral immune responses. Compared with their CXCR5(-) T(CM) counterparts, CXCR5(+) T(CM) expressed high levels of the chemokine CXCL13 and efficiently induced plasma cell differentiation and Ig secretion. We found that the distinct B cell helper qualities of CXCR5(+) T(CM) were mainly due to high ICOS expression and pronounced responsiveness to ICOS ligand costimulation together with large IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, B cell helper attributes of CXCR5(+) T(CM) were almost exclusively acquired on cognate interaction with B cells, but not with dendritic cells. This implies that a preferential recruitment of circulating CXCR5(+) T(CM) to CXCL13-rich B cell follicles is required for the promotion of a quick and efficient protective secondary humoral immune response. Taken together, we propose that CXCR5(+) T(CM) represent a distinct memory cell subset specialized in supporting Ab-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Chevalier
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
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25
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Chatzigeorgiou A, Harokopos V, Mylona-Karagianni C, Tsouvalas E, Aidinis V, Kamper EF. The pattern of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in type 1 diabetic patients over time. Ann Med 2010; 42:426-38. [PMID: 20568978 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.495951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the way they are connected in co-regulated networks and determine whether disease duration influences their pattern. METHODS Plasma levels of 20 cytokines and soluble CD40 (sCD40) from 44 uncomplicated patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein array technology. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher levels of sCD40, IL-1a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and a trend to higher IL-6 than did HCs. RANTES and sCD40 discriminated significantly between diabetics and HCs. In patients with disease duration >6 months, cytokines were organized in two clusters mainly regulated by Th17 and Th1/Th2 cells respectively, while in those with disease duration <or=6 months a set of Th1-cytokines was separated apart from the second cluster. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was revealed as the most discriminant factor between patients with disease duration of more than and less than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A parallel elevation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed in patients compared with HCs. In T1DM patients with disease duration <or=6 months, Th1-cytokines were organized on a separate cluster, suggesting a possible role of Th1 cells in the progress of beta-cell destruction during the first period of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
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Human CD14hi monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells provide a cell contact-dependent costimulatory signal for early CD40 ligand expression. Blood 2010; 117:1585-94. [PMID: 20634374 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40L on CD4(+) T cells plays a vital role in the activation of antigen-presenting cells, thus catalyzing a positive feedback loop for T-cell activation. Despite the pivotal juxtaposition of CD40L between antigen-presenting cells and T-cell activation, only a T-cell receptor stimulus is thought to be required for early CD40L surface expression. We show, for the first time, that CD40L expression on peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells is highly dependent on a cell-cell interaction with CD14(hi)CD16(-) monocytes. Interactions with ICAM-1, LFA-3, and to a lesser extent CD80/CD86 contribute to this enhancement of CD40L expression but are not themselves sufficient. The contact-mediated increase in CD40L expression is dependent on new mRNA and protein synthesis. Circulating myeloid dendritic cells also possess this costimulatory activity. By contrast, CD14(lo)CD16(+) monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B-cell lymphoma lines, and resting, activated, and Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized primary B cells all lack the capacity to up-regulate early CD40L. The latter indicates that a human B cell cannot activate its cognate T cell to deliver CD40L-mediated help. This finding has functional implications for the role of biphasic CD40L expression, suggesting that the early phase is associated with antigen-presenting cell activation, whereas the late phase is related to B-cell activation.
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27
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Contin-Bordes C, Lacraz A, de Précigout V. Potential role of the soluble form of CD40 in deficient immunological function of dialysis patients: new findings of its amelioration using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane. NDT Plus 2010; 3:i20-i27. [PMID: 27045744 PMCID: PMC4813818 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfq033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though numerous studies have helped to better delineate abnormalities of either innate or adaptive immune system in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, understanding immune dysfunctions in ESRD patients remains a very complex puzzle with missing pieces. In this context, we showed that the soluble form of CD40 (sCD40) is elevated in ESRD patients and is associated with a lack of response to hepatitis B vaccination. Interestingly, although most dialysis membranes are unable to clear sCD40, we demonstrated that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) BK-F membranes (Toray Medical Company, Japan) allow a dramatic diminution of the molecule. We took advantage of this observation to address the question of the potential usefulness of PMMA membrane (BK-F series) in the improvement of humoral immune response of ESRD patients. We, thus, present our recent data highlighting the potential role of BK-F membrane in the improvement of hepatitis B vaccination of ESRD patients who failed to mount a protective immune response despite one or more well-conducted anterior vaccination. Taken as a whole, our findings reinforced the concept of seeing dialysis membranes not just as a simple diffusive device but as a tool to tailor dialysis procedure to improve the global quality of life of ESRD patients. This opens a wide area of investigation, notably for the management of immunological dysfunction of ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Contin-Bordes
- UMR-CNRS 5164 CIRID, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Department of Immunology, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Lacraz
- Department of Nephrology , Pellegrin Hospital , Bordeaux , France
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Tanaka S, Hayashi T, Tani Y, Hirayama F. Removal by adsorbent beads of biological response modifiers released from platelets, accumulated during storage, and potentially associated with platelet transfusion reactions. Transfusion 2009; 50:1096-105. [PMID: 20051054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that biological response modifiers (BRMs) released from platelets (PLTs) during storage may have a clinical significance in PLT transfusion reactions. Washing PLTs and partial substitution of plasma with artificial solutions reduce transfusion reactions, but the washing procedure is time-consuming, and partial plasma substitution is not sufficient to completely eliminate transfusion reactions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study determined the levels of three BRMs: soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L); regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES, CCL5); and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). These BRMs were released from PLTs during storage up to Day 10. To selectively remove these BRMs, four types of cellulose beads were investigated. The levels of these three BRMs in plasma derived from PLT concentrates (PCs) stored for 10 days or in PCs stored for 5 days were determined after treatment with or without each adsorbent bead for 3 hours. RESULTS These three BRMs accumulated in proportion to the storage duration. The 3-hour treatment with cellulose beads possessing sulfate ester groups (A) or phosphate ester groups (B) effectively removed sCD40L and RANTES and partly removed TGF-beta1. In addition, although PLT activation was minimally induced, PLT counts decreased by approximately 13% to 30%, after these treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that Cellulose Beads A or B are effective in removing the three BRMs that accumulate during PLT storage. Additional in vitro assays and in vivo studies are required to evaluate whether this method is effective in reducing transfusion reactions.
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Chatzigeorgiou A, Lyberi M, Chatzilymperis G, Nezos A, Kamper E. CD40/CD40L signaling and its implication in health and disease. Biofactors 2009; 35:474-83. [PMID: 19904719 DOI: 10.1002/biof.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor gene superfamily is expressed on a variety of cells, such as monocytes, B-cells, antigen presenting cells, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. The interaction between CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) enhances the expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, mainly through the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and cellular characteristics of CD40 and CD40L, the mechanisms that regulate their expression, the cellular responses they stimulate and finally their implication in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Abstract
The interaction between CD40 and CD154 regulates many aspects of cellular and humoral immunity. The CD40-CD154 pathway is important for resistance against a variety of parasites. Studies done with these pathogens have provided important insight into the various mechanisms by which this pathway enhances host protection, mechanisms by which pathogens subvert CD40 signaling, conditions in which the CD40-CD154 pathway promotes disease and on modulation of this pathway for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Subauste
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Selected Toll-like receptor ligands and viruses promote helper-independent cytotoxic T cell priming by upregulating CD40L on dendritic cells. Immunity 2009; 30:218-27. [PMID: 19200758 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD40L (CD154) on CD4(+) T cells has been shown to license dendritic cells (DCs) via CD40 to prime cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We found that the converse (CD40L on DCs) was also important. Anti-CD40L treatment decreased endogenous CTL responses to both ovalbumin and influenza infection even in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. DCs expressed CD40L upon stimulation with agonists to Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR9. Moreover, influenza infection, which stimulates CTLs without help, upregulated CD40L on DCs, but herpes simplex infection, which elicits CTLs through help, did not. CD40L-deficient (Cd40lg(-/-)) DCs are suboptimal both in vivo in bone marrow chimera experiments and in vitro in mixed lymphocyte reactions. In contrast, Cd40lg(-/-) CD8(+) T cells killed as effectively as wild-type cells. Thus, CD40L upregulation on DCs promoted optimal priming of CD8(+) T cells without CD4(+) T cells, providing a mechanism by which pathogens may elicit helper-independent CTL immunity.
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Skripchenko A, Kurtz J, Moroff G, Wagner SJ. Platelet products prepared by different methods of sedimentation undergo platelet activation differently during storage. Transfusion 2008; 48:1469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Modulation of neuronal differentiation by CD40 isoforms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:641-7. [PMID: 18312851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuron differentiation is a complex process involving various cell-cell interactions, and multiple signaling pathways. We showed previously that CD40 is expressed and functional on mouse and human neurons. In neurons, ligation of CD40 protects against serum withdrawal-induced injury and plays a role in survival and differentiation. CD40 deficient mice display neuron dysfunction, aberrant neuron morphologic changes, and associated gross brain abnormalities. Previous studies by Tone and colleagues suggested that five isoforms of CD40 exist with two predominant isoforms expressed in humans: signal-transducible CD40 type I and a C-terminal truncated, non-signal-transducible CD40 type II. We hypothesized that differential expression of CD40 isoform type I and type II in neurons may modulate neuron differentiation. Results show that adult wild-type, and CD40(-/-) deficient mice predominantly express CD40 type I and II isoforms. Whereas adult wild-type mice express mostly CD40 type I in cerebral tissues at relatively high levels, in age and gender-matched CD40(-/-) mice CD40 type I expression was almost completely absent; suggesting a predominance of the non-signal-transducible CD40 type II isoform. Younger, 1 day old wild-type mice displayed less CD40 type I, and more CD40 type II, as well as, greater expression of soluble CD40 (CD40L/CD40 signal inhibitor), compared with 1 month old mice. Neuron-like N2a cells express CD40 type I and type II isoforms while in an undifferentiated state, however once induced to differentiate, CD40 type I predominates. Further, differentiated N2a cells treated with CD40 ligand express high levels of neuron specific nuclear protein (NeuN); an effect reduced by anti-CD40 type I siRNA, but not by control (non-targeting) siRNA. Altogether these data suggest that CD40 isoforms may act in a temporal fashion to modulate neuron differentiation during brain development. Thus, modulation of neuronal CD40 isoforms and CD40 signaling may represent important therapeutic modalities for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as, for enhancement of neurogenesis.
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Abstract
CD40 and its ligand, CD154, are major costimulatory molecules whose interactions are important in humoral and cellular immunity. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 encoding the CD40 and CD154 proteins, respectively, influence lymphoma risk, particularly a functional TNFRSF5 SNP (-1C>T, rs1883832) associated with reduced B-cell CD40 expression. TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 SNPs were examined in a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (376 cases/801 controls with DNA), and compelling findings were followed up in 2 independent populations. Pooled analyses of all 3 case-control studies (total N = 1776 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, N = 2482 controls) revealed an increased risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) associated with the TNFRSF5 -1TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4). In addition, among women, an inverse association was found between the variant A allele for a TNFSF5 6809G>A SNP and FL risk (OR = .61; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98). In genotype-phenotype studies, significantly reduced circulating soluble CD40 was observed in TNFRSF5 -1TT compared with -1CC carriers. Further, dendritic cells from those with -1TT versus -1CC genotypes exhibited lower CD40 cell surface expression. These results suggest that the TNFRSF5 -1C>T polymorphism may increase FL susceptibility through mechanisms that hinder cellular immune responses. Further studies are needed to explore these findings.
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35
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Laughlin J, Oghlidos S, Porter JF, Matus-Nicodemos R, Sinquett FL, Marcelli V, Covey LR. Functional analysis of a tripartite stability element within the CD40 ligand 3' untranslated region. Immunology 2008; 124:368-79. [PMID: 18194270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a cis-acting element within the 3' untranslated region of CD40 ligand messenger RNA (mRNA) that is composed of three complex binding sites and acts to increase mRNA stability in both in vitro and in vivo systems. We now demonstrate the functional consequences of the three binding sites with respect to increasing both luciferase activity and mRNA stability in a heterologous transcript expressed in a T-cell line. The internal region B was shown to be a bona fide stability element because its presence increased luciferase activity fourfold over the unmodified transcript and its removal from the XbaI-HaeIII region resulted in rapid degradation of the transcript. Region A contained both a binding site for a polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein (PTB)-mediated complex (Complex I) and an upstream, adjacent sequence that was a negative regulator of mRNA stability. Region C bound Complex II, which contained both PTB and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinL (hnRNPL), and was less effective as a stability element on its own compared to region B. Our findings demonstrate differential levels of activity for the three binding sites relative to the turnover of CD40 ligand mRNA, suggesting that the lack of binding of Complex I/II during the early stages of T-cell activation contributes to the rapid degradation of the CD40 ligand mRNA transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laughlin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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36
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Vanichakarn P, Blair P, Wu C, Freedman JE, Chakrabarti S. Neutrophil CD40 enhances platelet-mediated inflammation. Thromb Res 2008; 122:346-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Kuchen S, Robbins R, Sims GP, Sheng C, Phillips TM, Lipsky PE, Ettinger R. Essential role of IL-21 in B cell activation, expansion, and plasma cell generation during CD4+ T cell-B cell collaboration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5886-96. [PMID: 17947662 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During T cell-B cell collaboration, plasma cell (PC) differentiation and Ig production are known to require T cell-derived soluble factors. However, the exact nature of the cytokines produced by activated T cells that costimulate PC differentiation is not clear. Previously, we reported that costimulation of purified human B cells with IL-21 and anti-CD40 resulted in efficient PC differentiation. In this study, we addressed whether de novo production of IL-21 was involved in direct T cell-induced B cell activation, proliferation, and PC differentiation. We found that activated human peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells expressed mRNA for a number of cytokines, including IL-21, which was confirmed at the protein level. Using a panel of reagents that specifically neutralize cytokine activity, we addressed which cytokines are essential for B cell activation and PC differentiation induced by anti-CD3-activated T cells. Strikingly, neutralization of IL-21 with an IL-21R fusion protein (IL-21R-Fc) significantly inhibited T cell-induced B cell activation, proliferation, PC differentiation, and Ig production. Inhibition of PC differentiation was observed even when the addition of IL-21R-Fc was delayed until after initial B cell activation and expansion had occurred. Importantly, IL-21 was found to be involved in PC differentiation from both naive and memory B cells. Finally, IL-21R-Fc did not inhibit anti-CD3-induced CD4(+) T cell activation, but rather directly blocked T cell-induced B cell activation and PC differentiation. These data are the first to document that B cell activation, expansion, and PC differentiation induced by direct interaction of B cells with activated T cells requires IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuchen
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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38
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Mysliwiec J, Oklota M, Nikolajuk A, Waligorski D, Gorska M. Serum CD40/CD40L system in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis related to soluble Fas, FasL and humoral markers of autoimmune response. Immunol Invest 2007; 36:247-57. [PMID: 17558708 DOI: 10.1080/08820130601069715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activated CD4 T cells' express CD40 ligand (CD154) interacting with CD40 on the B cells surface, protecting them from Fas-mediated apoptosis and in this study, influence humoral response. The aim of the study was to assess soluble CD40 and CD154 in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in relation to Fas and FasL and to the markers of humoral response: aTPO, aTG and aTSHR. The study was carried out in 5 groups of subjects: 1/14 patients with GD in euthyreosis on methimazol (euGD), 2/20 patients with hyperthyroid GD (hrGD), 3/15 patients with HT in euthyreosis on levothyroxine (euHT), 4/16 patients with hypothyroid Ht (hoHT), 5/12 healthy volunteers, age and sex-matched to groups 1-4. The serum levels of CD40, CD154, Fas and FasL, aTPO and aTG were determined by ELISA and aTSHR was determined by the RIA method. CD40 serum concentration was significantly higher in hoHT individuals: 55.8 (24.0-83.2) pg/ml (p<0.01) and euHT patients: 51.2 (20.0-80.1) (p<0.05) as compared to the controls. Also sCD40L values were significantly increased in euHT individuals: 5.1 (1.0-11.8) (p<0.05) and hoHT patients: 3.9 (0.7-11.2) ng/ml (p<0.05) as compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation between sCD40 and sCD154 in the patients studied (r=0.36, p<0.001). In HT patients we found positive correlations between sCD40 and aTPO (r=0.45, p<0.001) and sFas (r=0.36, p<0.05) as well as a negative correlation between sCD40 and FasL (r=-0.24, p<0.05). In GD patients there was a positive correlation between sCD40 and aTSHR (r=0.28, p<0.05). In summary, our results suggest that CD40/CD154 interaction plays an important role in the regulation of autoimmune humoral response, both in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Fas-mediated apoptosis seems to be involved in this process especially in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Soluble CD40 may serve as a marker of the active stage of autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Mysliwiec
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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39
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Koguchi Y, Thauland TJ, Slifka MK, Parker DC. Preformed CD40 ligand exists in secretory lysosomes in effector and memory CD4+ T cells and is quickly expressed on the cell surface in an antigen-specific manner. Blood 2007; 110:2520-7. [PMID: 17595332 PMCID: PMC1988919 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-081299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) is an essential effector cytokine for macrophage activation, dendritic cell licensing, and T-cell-dependent antibody responses. Although CD40L is known to be made de novo following antigen recognition, several reports have described surface mobilization of preformed, intracellular CD40L in certain CD4(+) effector T cells. Here we show that rapid surface expression of preformed CD40L following antigen recognition is a general property of both effector and memory CD4(+) T cells, including in vitro and in vivo activated T-cell-receptor transgenic T cells, memory phenotype CD4(+) T cells from pathogen-free naive mice, and polyclonal virus-specific effector and memory T cells. Intracellular CD40L is stored in secretory lysosomes, and colocalizes more strongly with Fas ligand than with CTLA-4, two other molecules that are delivered to the cell surface following antigen recognition. Stimulated surface expression of preformed CD40L is found in memory CD4(+) T cells from CD40-deficient mice, indicating that it does not depend on CD40-induced internalization for delivery to the secretory compartment. We suggest that delivery of preformed CD40L to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) could enable antigen-specific activation of APCs in transient interactions that are too brief to permit de novo synthesis of CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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40
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Subauste CS, Subauste A, Wessendarp M. Role of CD40-Dependent Down-Regulation of CD154 in Impaired Induction of CD154 in CD4+ T Cells from HIV-1-Infected Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:1645-53. [PMID: 17237414 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD40-CD154 interaction is pivotal for cell-mediated immunity. There are contradictory reports on whether HIV-1 infection impairs CD154 induction. The interaction between CD40 and CD154 is important not only because it results in activation of APCs but also because it controls CD154 by diminishing expression of this molecule. Compared with healthy controls, CD4(+) T cells from HIV-1(+) patients had impaired induction of CD154 when T cell activation was mediated by CD40(+) APCs. In contrast, T cell activation in the absence of these cells resulted in normal CD154 expression. CD154 induction in HIV-1(+) patients and controls were similar upon blockade of CD40-CD154 binding. Defective regulation of CD154 appeared to occur downstream of the control of mRNA levels because up-regulation of CD154 mRNA was not impaired by HIV-1 infection. This work identifies CD40 as a mediator of impaired CD154 induction in HIV-1 infection and explains why this defect was not detected by studies where T cell activation was triggered independently of CD40(+) APCs. In addition, dysregulation of CD154 in HIV-1 infection likely contributes to immunodeficiency because diminished expression of CD154 induced by CD40 is of functional relevance, resulting in decreased dendritic cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Subauste
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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41
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Flacher V, Bouschbacher M, Verronèse E, Massacrier C, Sisirak V, Berthier-Vergnes O, de Saint-Vis B, Caux C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Lebecque S, Valladeau J. Human Langerhans cells express a specific TLR profile and differentially respond to viruses and Gram-positive bacteria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:7959-67. [PMID: 17114468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are APCs essential for the development of primary immune responses. In pluristratified epithelia, Langerhans cells (LC) are a critical subset of DC which take up Ags and migrate toward lymph nodes upon inflammatory stimuli. TLR allow detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) by different DC subsets. The repertoire of TLR expressed by human LC is uncharacterized and their ability to directly respond to PAMP has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we show for the first time that freshly purified LC from human skin express mRNA encoding TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR6 and TLR10. In addition, keratinocytes ex vivo display TLR1-5, TLR7, and TLR10. Accordingly, highly enriched immature LC efficiently respond to TLR2 agonists peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria, and to dsRNA which engages TLR3. In contrast, LC do not directly sense TLR7/8 ligands and LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, which signals through TLR4. TLR engagement also results in cytokine production, with marked differences depending on the PAMP detected. TLR2 and TLR3 ligands increase IL-6 and IL-8 production, while dsRNA alone stimulates TNF-alpha release. Strikingly, only peptidoglycan triggers IL-10 secretion, thereby suggesting a specific function in tolerance to commensal Gram-positive bacteria. However, LC do not produce IL-12p70 or type I IFNs. In conclusion, human LC are equipped with TLR that enable direct detection of PAMP from viruses and Gram-positive bacteria, subsequent phenotypic maturation, and differential cytokine production. This implies a significant role for LC in the control of skin immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Flacher
- Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France
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42
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Lesley R, Kelly LM, Xu Y, Cyster JG. Naive CD4 T cells constitutively express CD40L and augment autoreactive B cell survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10717-22. [PMID: 16815973 PMCID: PMC1484418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601539103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic engagement of the B cell receptor by soluble autoantigen leads to reduced B cell survival. Using the Ig and hen egg lysozyme double transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that the survival of soluble autoantigen-engaged B cells is further reduced in mice lacking CD4 T cells or deficient in CD40. Mixed bone marrow chimera experiments reveal that, under homeostatic conditions, the CD40L-CD40 pathway can augment autoreactive B cell survival in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Naive CD4 T cells are shown to constitutively express CD40L mRNA and protein, although cell surface CD40L abundance is low because of engagement with CD40 on other cells. These observations indicate that the CD40L-CD40 pathway can augment the survival of autoantigen-engaged B cells in the absence of T cell activation. We propose that constitutive CD40L expression by naive CD4 T cells influences the composition of the B cell repertoire and may also affect the homeostasis of other cell types such as regulatory T cells in lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lesley
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-7242
| | - Lisa M. Kelly
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-7242
| | - Ying Xu
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414. E-mail:
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43
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Hock BD, McKenzie JL, Patton NW, Drayson M, Taylor K, Wakeman C, Kantarjian H, Giles F, Albitar M. Circulating levels and clinical significance of soluble CD40 in patients with hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2006; 106:2148-57. [PMID: 16598754 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40 plays a critical role in immunoregulation, and CD40 ligation is being investigated as a therapy for hematologic malignancies. Although soluble CD40 (sCD40) is a potential modulator of both antitumor responses and CD40-based therapies, the levels and significance of sCD40 in patients with hematologic malignancies are unknown. METHODS The authors evaluated serum/plasma sCD40 levels using an enzyme-linked immunoassay in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma (MM). RESULTS Levels of sCD40 were elevated in serum (>1.697 ng/mL) or plasma (>0.649 ng/mL) from 73% of patients with CLL, 80% of patients with MCL, 40% of patients with AML, 43% of patients with MDS, and 33% of patients with MM. Multivariate analysis of patients with MM demonstrated that elevated sCD40 was a significant, independent predictor of poor survival. In multivariate analysis of patients with AML, sCD40 was a significant prognostic factor when the interaction of age and sCD40 was included as a variable. Further analysis demonstrated that elevated sCD86 levels were associated with significantly shorter survival only in AML patients younger than age 64 years. Release of sCD40 by CLL cells was induced by cross-linking with CD40 monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS Many patients with hematologic malignancies have elevated circulating levels of sCD40, and these elevated levels are associated with a poor prognosis at least in patients with MM and AML, suggesting that sCD40 may have a role in modulating antitumor responses and also may be a useful prognostic marker. In addition, the findings suggested that further studies will be required to determine the effect of circulating sCD40 on the clinical effectiveness of CD40-ligating reagents used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- CD40 Ligand/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hematologic Neoplasms/blood
- Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Multivariate Analysis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Assessment
- Sampling Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Severity of Illness Index
- Solubility
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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44
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Bleesing JJ, Souto-Carneiro MM, Savage WJ, Brown MR, Martinez C, Yavuz S, Brenner S, Siegel RM, Horwitz ME, Lipsky PE, Malech HL, Fleisher TA. Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease Have a Reduced Peripheral Blood Memory B Cell Compartment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:7096-103. [PMID: 16709872 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have identified an altered B cell compartment in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a disorder of phagocyte function, characterized by pyogenic infections and granuloma formation caused by defects in NADPH activity. This is characterized by an expansion of CD5-expressing B cells, and profound reduction in B cells expressing the memory B cell marker, CD27. Both findings were independent of the age, genotype, and clinical status of the patients, and were not accompanied by altered CD5 and CD27 expression on T cells. Focusing on CD27-positive B cells, considered to be memory cells based on somatically mutated Ig genes, we found that the reduction was not caused by CD27 shedding or abnormal retention of CD27 protein inside the cell. Rather, it was determined that CD27-negative B cells were, appropriately, CD27 mRNA negative, consistent with a naive phenotype, whereas CD27-positive B cells contained abundant CD27 mRNA and displayed somatic mutations, consistent with a memory B cell phenotype. Thus, it appears that CGD is associated with a significant reduction in the peripheral blood memory B cell compartment, but that the basic processes of somatic mutation and expression of CD27 are intact. X-linked carriers of CGD revealed a significant correlation between the percentage of CD27-positive B cells and the percentage of neutrophils with normal NADPH activity, reflective of the degree of X chromosome lyonization. These results suggest a role for NADPH in the process of memory B cell formation, inviting further exploration of secondary Ab responses in CGD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Carrier Screening
- Genetic Linkage
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/enzymology
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/genetics
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/immunology
- Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/pathology
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lymphocytosis/genetics
- Lymphocytosis/immunology
- Lymphocytosis/pathology
- Middle Aged
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Bleesing
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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45
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Delmas Y, Viallard JF, Solanilla A, Villeneuve J, Pasquet JM, Belloc F, Dubus I, Déchanet-Merville J, Merville P, Blanco P, Pellegrin JL, Nurden AT, Combe C, Ripoche J. Activation of mesangial cells by platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus via a CD154-dependent induction of CD40. Kidney Int 2006; 68:2068-78. [PMID: 16221206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are potential contributors to glomerular injury via the release of chemotactic and/or mitogenic mediators upon activation or through direct CD154/CD40-dependent interaction with cell components of the glomerulus. We examined whether platelets could activate mesangial cells and the potential role of the platelet-associated CD154. METHODS Thrombin-activated platelets from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients or from disease or healthy controls were grown with human mesangial cells in the presence or not of a neutralizing anti-CD154 antibody either in contact or in a noncontact setting, the platelets and mesangial cells being separated by a pore size semipermeable membrane. The induction of mesangial cell surface antigens was assayed by flow cytometry. The quantification of mesangial cell proliferation was performed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and soluble CD40 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Activated platelets from patients with SLE could induce an up-regulation of the expression of CD40 on mesangial cells with a concomitant release of soluble CD40. This induction required a direct contact between platelets and mesangial cells and was dependent upon the platelet-associated CD154. Pathologic consequences of the up-regulation of CD40 were a CD40-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of mesangial cells and a CD40-dependent increased production of TGF-beta1 by these cells. CONCLUSION Platelets from patients with SLE can activate mesangial cells through CD40/CD154 interactions, leading to an induction of proliferation of the mesangial cells and an enhanced production of TGF-beta1, a profibrotic cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahsou Delmas
- Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
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46
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Tsuzuki M, Morishima I, Yoshida T, Hayashi Y, Miura M, Hirai T, Asai T, Numaguchi Y, Sone T, Matsui H, Okumura K, Murohara T. Inverse correlation between soluble CD40 ligand and soluble CD40 is absent in patients with unstable angina. Heart Vessels 2005; 20:245-50. [PMID: 16314905 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-005-0840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) system mediates inflammatory processes important in atherogenesis and plaque instability. The expression of CD40L on activated T cells was suppressed by soluble CD40 (sCD40) in vitro. However, the relationship between soluble CD40L (sCD40L) and sCD40 in unstable angina (UA) is still unknown. Thirty-seven consecutive patients with recent chest pain or discomfort were recruited. Patients with both Braunwald's class IB-IIIB and with coronary stenosis (or stenoses) of >75% were assigned to the UA group (n = 19, aged 67.2 +/- 8.2 years), and the rest to the control group (n = 18, aged 63.4 +/- 8.7 years). The serum levels of sCD40L and sCD40, and the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A significantly inverse correlation between sCD40L and sCD40 was shown in the controls (r = -0.72, P = 0.0007), but was absent in the UA group (r = -0.16, P not significant), although there was no statistical significance between these groups in terms of serum levels of sCD40L or sCD40. The difference of the regression slopes of these regression lines was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between sCD40 and plasma levels of MMP-9 in the patients with and without UA (r = 0.58, P = 0.0096), but no significant correlation between sCD40L and MMP-9 levels (r = 0.00, P not significant). The balance between CD40 and CD40L may be lost in patients with UA. Soluble CD40 expression may also be related to MMP-9 expression in atherosclerotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Tsuzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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47
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Chakrabarti S, Varghese S, Vitseva O, Tanriverdi K, Freedman JE. CD40 Ligand Influences Platelet Release of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:2428-34. [PMID: 16141403 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000184765.59207.f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of sCD40L in acute coronary syndrome patients suggests enhanced platelet function; however, the exact mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of sCD40L on platelet function and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet stimulation in the presence of recombinant sCD40L (rsCD40L) led to enhanced generation of RONS as measured by DCFHDA oxidation and confocal microscopy. Incubation with rsCD40L led to enhanced platelet P-selectin expression, aggregation, and platelet-leukocyte conjugation. Platelets isolated from CD40L-deficient mice had decreased agonist-induced NO release as compared with wild-type mice. Incubation of platelets with rsCD40L enhanced stimulation-induced p38 MAP kinase and Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Soluble CD40L enhances platelet activation, aggregation, and platelet-leukocyte conjugation, as well as increases stimulation-induced platelet release of RONS through activation of Akt and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways. These data suggest that sCD40L regulates platelet-dependent inflammatory and thrombotic responses that contribute to the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chakrabarti
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Piskurich JF, Gilbert CA, Ashley BD, Zhao M, Chen H, Wu J, Bolick SC, Wright KL. Expression of the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) type IV promoter in B lymphocytes and regulation by IFN-gamma. Mol Immunol 2005; 43:519-28. [PMID: 15950283 PMCID: PMC1482792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), the master regulator of MHC class II (MHC II) expression, is a co-activator that controls MHC II transcription. Human B lymphocytes express MHC II constitutively due to persistent activity of CIITA promoter III (pIII), one of the four potential promoters (pI-pIV) of this gene. Although increases in MHC II expression in B cells in response to cytokines have been observed and induction of MHC II and CIITA by IFN-gamma has been studied in a number of different cell types, the specific effects of IFN-gamma on CIITA expression in B cells have not been studied. To investigate the regulation of CIITA expression by IFN-gamma in B cells, RT-PCR, in vivo and in vitro protein/DNA binding studies, and functional promoter analyses were performed. Both MHC II and CIITA type IV-specific RNAs increased in human B lymphocytes in response to IFN-gamma treatment. CIITA promoter analysis confirmed that pIV is IFN-gamma inducible in B cells and that the GAS and IRF-E sites are necessary for full induction. DNA binding of IRF-1 and IRF-2, members of the IFN regulatory factor family, was up-regulated in B cells in response to IFN-gamma and increased the activity of CIITA pIV. In vivo genomic footprint analysis demonstrated proteins binding at the GAS, IRF-E and E box sites of CIITA pIV. Although CIITA pIII is considered to be the hematopoietic-specific promoter of CIITA, these findings demonstrate that pIV is active in B lymphocytes and potentially contributes to the expression of CIITA and MHC II in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet F Piskurich
- Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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Singh K, Laughlin J, Kosinski PA, Covey LR. Nucleolin is a second component of the CD154 mRNA stability complex that regulates mRNA turnover in activated T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2004; 173:976-85. [PMID: 15240685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD154 (CD40L) mRNA turnover is regulated in part at the posttranscriptional level by a protein complex (termed Complex I) that binds to a highly CU-rich region of the 3'UTR. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) has previously been identified as a major RNA-binding protein in Complex I. Nondenaturing gel filtration of total extract from Jurkat T cells demonstrated that the CD154 mRNA-binding activity migrates as a approximately 200-kDa complex, indicating the presence of multiple complex-associated proteins. We have currently undertaken a biochemical approach to further characterize Complex I and observed that it segregates over DEAE-Sepharose into two subcomplexes (termed I-L and I-U). Furthermore, nucleolin was identified as a component of both subcomplexes and was shown that it is the major RNA-binding protein in I-U. To directly demonstrate the biological significance of Complex I binding to the CD154 transcript, cytoplasm from human Jurkat cells was fractionated over a sucrose gradient and the different cellular fractions subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-PTB and anti-nucleolin Abs. RT-PCR of the immunoprecipitated products using CD154-specific primers clearly demonstrated that nucleolin and PTB are associated with CD154 mRNA in both the ribonucleoprotein and polysome fractions. These data strongly support a model whereby nucleolin and PTB are integral to the stability of CD154 mRNA and are components of the CD154 ribonucleoprotein particle associated with actively translating ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnail Singh
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Citores MJ, Rua-Figueroa I, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Durántez A, García-Laorden MI, Rodríguez-Lozano C, Rodríguez-Pérez JC, Vargas JA, Pérez-Aciego P. The dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3'UTR of the CD154 gene has a functional role on protein expression and is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:310-7. [PMID: 14962968 PMCID: PMC1754911 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the (CA)n dinucleotide repeat in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the CD154 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its functional role in protein expression. METHODS The allelic and genotypic distributions of the polymorphism were compared in 80 patients with SLE and 80 controls. A complete clinical and analytical database was recorded in each patient in order to correlate the clinical manifestations in SLE with different alleles. To investigate the functional role of the polymorphism, the CD154 protein expression on activated lymphocytes from healthy homozygous controls was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The 24 CA allele was the most represented in controls (p = 0.029), whereas the alleles containing >24 CA repeats were found in patients (p = 0.0043). Furthermore, when only homozygous women were considered, most controls carried two 24 CA alleles (p = 0.041), whereas most patients carried two alleles containing >24 CA repeats (p = 0.032). Also, patients carrying at least one 24 CA allele had less neurological involvement (p = 0.034), and carriers of at least one allele with fewer than 24 CA repeats presented more livedo reticularis (p = 0.006) and anti-Sm (p = 0.01) and anti-RNP (p = 0.038) autoantibodies. CD154 maximum expression in activated lymphocytes from all controls was reached after 54 hours, but it was more prolonged in controls carrying two alleles with >24 CA repeats (p = 0.0068). CONCLUSION The CD154 3'UTR microsatellite is associated with SLE, and the most represented alleles in patients were accompanied by a more prolonged protein expression in activated lymphocytes from controls.
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