1
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Sage SE, Leeb T, Jagannathan V, Gerber V. Single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar cells reveals a Th17 signature in neutrophilic severe equine asthma. Immunology 2024; 171:549-565. [PMID: 38153159 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a complex respiratory condition characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It shares many clinical and pathological features with human neutrophilic asthma, making it a valuable model for studying this condition. However, the immune mechanisms driving SEA have remained elusive. Although SEA has been primarily associated with a Th2 response, there have also been reports of Th1, Th17, or mixed-mediated responses. To uncover the elusive immune mechanisms driving SEA, we performed single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cryopreserved bronchoalveolar cells from 11 Warmblood horses, 5 controls and 6 with SEA. We identified six major cell types, including B cells, T cells, monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. All cell types exhibited significant heterogeneity, with previously identified and novel cell subtypes. Notably, we observed monocyte-lymphocyte complexes and detected a robust Th17 signature in SEA, with CXCL13 upregulation in intermediate monocytes. Asthmatic horses exhibited expansion of the B-cell population, Th17 polarization of the T-cell populations, and dysregulation of genes associated with T-cell function. Neutrophils demonstrated enhanced migratory capacity and heightened aptitude for neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These findings provide compelling evidence for a predominant Th17 immune response in neutrophilic SEA, driven by dysregulation of monocyte and T-cell genes. The dysregulated genes identified through scRNA-seq have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SEA and provide insights into human neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Sage
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Pulvirenti N, Silvetri Y, Clemente F, Bosotti R, Carelli E, Moschetti G, Gruarin P, Vasco C, Crosti MC, Sarnicola ML, Valenti L, Prati D, Abrignani S, Geginat J. Characterization of human CD4 +EOMES +GzmK + T-cell subsets unveils an uncoupling of suppressive functions from IL-10-producing capacities. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350675. [PMID: 38396108 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Human CD4+EOMES+ T cells are heterogeneous and contain Th1-cells, Tr1-cells, and CD4+CTL. Tr1- cells and non-classical EOMES+ Th1-cells displayed, respectively, anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles, but both expressed granzyme-K, produced IFN-γ, and suppressed T-cell proliferation. Diffusion map suggested a progressive CD4+T-cell differentiation from naïve to cytotoxic cells and identified EOMES+Th1-cells as putative Tr1-cell precursors (pre-Tr1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pulvirenti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Silvetri
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bosotti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Carelli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moschetti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vasco
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Biological Resource Center Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
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3
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Cepika AM, Amaya L, Waichler C, Narula M, Mantilla MM, Thomas BC, Chen PP, Freeborn RA, Pavel-Dinu M, Nideffer J, Porteus M, Bacchetta R, Müller F, Greenleaf WJ, Chang HY, Roncarolo MG. Epigenetic signature and key transcriptional regulators of human antigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.582969. [PMID: 38559096 PMCID: PMC10979855 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.582969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human adaptive immunity is orchestrated by effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Natural Tregs arise in the thymus where they are shaped to recognize self-antigens, while type 1 Tregs or Tr1 cells are induced from conventional peripheral CD4 + T cells in response to peripheral antigens, such as alloantigens and allergens. Tr1 cells have been developed as a potential therapy for inducing antigen-specific tolerance, because they can be rapidly differentiated in vitro in response to a target antigen. However, the epigenetic landscape and the identity of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate differentiation, phenotype, and functions of human antigen-specific Tr1 cells is largely unknown, hindering Tr1 research and broader clinical development. Here, we reveal the unique epigenetic signature of antigen-specific Tr1 cells, and TFs that regulate their differentiation, phenotype and function. We showed that in vitro induced antigen-specific Tr1 cells are distinct both clonally and transcriptionally from natural Tregs and other conventional CD4 + T cells on a single-cell level. An integrative analysis of Tr1 cell epigenome and transcriptome identified a TF signature unique to antigen-specific Tr1 cells, and predicted that IRF4, BATF, and MAF act as their transcriptional regulators. Using functional genomics, we showed that each of these TFs play a non-redundant role in regulating Tr1 cell differentiation, suppressive function, and expression of co-inhibitory and cytotoxic proteins. By using the Tr1-specific TF signature as a molecular fingerprint, we tracked Tr1 cells in peripheral blood of recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated with adoptive Tr1 cell therapy. Furthermore, the same signature identified Tr1 cells in resident CD4 + T cells in solid tumors. Altogether, these results reveal the epigenetic signature and the key transcriptional regulators of human Tr1 cells. These data will guide mechanistic studies of human Tr1 cell biology and the development and optimization of adoptive Tr1 cell therapies.
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4
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Joulia E, Michieletto MF, Agesta A, Peillex C, Girault V, Le Dorze AL, Peroceschi R, Bucciarelli F, Szelechowski M, Chaubet A, Hakim N, Marrocco R, Lhuillier E, Lebeurrier M, Argüello RJ, Saoudi A, El Costa H, Adoue V, Walzer T, Sarry JE, Dejean AS. Eomes-dependent mitochondrial regulation promotes survival of pathogenic CD4+ T cells during inflammation. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230449. [PMID: 38189779 PMCID: PMC10772920 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby Eomes controls tissue accumulation of T cells and strengthens inflammation remain ill-defined. Here, we show that Eomes deletion in antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is sufficient to protect against central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. While Eomes is dispensable for the initial priming of CD4+ T cells, it is required for long-term maintenance of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. We reveal that the impact of Eomes on effector CD4+ T cell longevity is associated with sustained expression of multiple genes involved in mitochondrial organization and functions. Accordingly, epigenetic studies demonstrate that Eomes supports mitochondrial function by direct binding to either metabolism-associated genes or mitochondrial transcriptional modulators. Besides, the significance of these findings was confirmed in CD4+ T cells from healthy donors and multiple sclerosis patients. Together, our data reveal a new mechanism by which Eomes promotes severity and chronicity of inflammation via the enhancement of CD4+ T cell mitochondrial functions and resistance to stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Joulia
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Michaël F. Michieletto
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arantxa Agesta
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy Peillex
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Girault
- Suivi Immunologique des Thérapeutiques Innovantes, Pôle de Biologie, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
- UMR1236, University of Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Louise Le Dorze
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Peroceschi
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Bucciarelli
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Szelechowski
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Chaubet
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nawad Hakim
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Marrocco
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- GeT-Santé, Plateforme Génome et Transcriptome, GenoToul, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Lebeurrier
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael J. Argüello
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Adoue
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne S. Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1291, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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5
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Hoeks C, Puijfelik FV, Koetzier SC, Rip J, Corsten CEA, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Stinissen P, Smolders J, Hellings N, Broux B, van Luijn MM. Differential Runx3, Eomes, and T-bet expression subdivides MS-associated CD4 + T cells with brain-homing capacity. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350544. [PMID: 38009648 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common and devastating chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. CD4+ T cells are assumed to be the first to cross the blood-central nervous system (CNS) barrier and trigger local inflammation. Here, we explored how pathogenicity-associated effector programs define CD4+ T cell subsets with brain-homing ability in MS. Runx3- and Eomes-, but not T-bet-expressing CD4+ memory cells were diminished in the blood of MS patients. This decline reversed following natalizumab treatment and was supported by a Runx3+ Eomes+ T-bet- enrichment in cerebrospinal fluid samples of treatment-naïve MS patients. This transcription factor profile was associated with high granzyme K (GZMK) and CCR5 levels and was most prominent in Th17.1 cells (CCR6+ CXCR3+ CCR4-/dim ). Previously published CD28- CD4 T cells were characterized by a Runx3+ Eomes- T-bet+ phenotype that coincided with intermediate CCR5 and a higher granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin expression, indicating the presence of two separate subsets. Under steady-state conditions, granzyme Khigh Th17.1 cells spontaneously passed the blood-brain barrier in vitro. This was only found for other subsets including CD28- cells when using inflamed barriers. Altogether, CD4+ T cells contain small fractions with separate pathogenic features, of which Th17.1 seems to breach the blood-brain barrier as a possible early event in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hoeks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Fabiënne van Puijfelik
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven C Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cato E A Corsten
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Whiteside SK, Grant FM, Alvisi G, Clarke J, Tang L, Imianowski CJ, Zhang B, Evans AC, Wesolowski AJ, Conti AG, Yang J, Lauder SN, Clement M, Humphreys IR, Dooley J, Burton O, Liston A, Alloisio M, Voulaz E, Langhorne J, Okkenhaug K, Lugli E, Roychoudhuri R. Acquisition of suppressive function by conventional T cells limits antitumor immunity upon T reg depletion. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabo5558. [PMID: 38100544 PMCID: PMC7615475 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to immune homeostasis but suppress immune responses to cancer. Strategies to disrupt Treg cell-mediated cancer immunosuppression have been met with limited clinical success, but the underlying mechanisms for treatment failure are poorly understood. By modeling Treg cell-targeted immunotherapy in mice, we find that CD4+ Foxp3- conventional T (Tconv) cells acquire suppressive function upon depletion of Foxp3+ Treg cells, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Foxp3- Tconv cells within tumors adopt a Treg cell-like transcriptional profile upon ablation of Treg cells and acquire the ability to suppress T cell activation and proliferation ex vivo. Suppressive activity is enriched among CD4+ Tconv cells marked by expression of C-C motif receptor 8 (CCR8), which are found in mouse and human tumors. Upon Treg cell depletion, CCR8+ Tconv cells undergo systemic and intratumoral activation and expansion, and mediate IL-10-dependent suppression of antitumor immunity. Consequently, conditional deletion of Il10 within T cells augments antitumor immunity upon Treg cell depletion in mice, and antibody blockade of IL-10 signaling synergizes with Treg cell depletion to overcome treatment resistance. These findings reveal a secondary layer of immunosuppression by Tconv cells released upon therapeutic Treg cell depletion and suggest that broader consideration of suppressive function within the T cell lineage is required for development of effective Treg cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Francis M Grant
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Giorgia Alvisi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leqi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Charlotte J Imianowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Baojie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alexander C Evans
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alexander J Wesolowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alberto G Conti
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sarah N Lauder
- Division of Infection and Immunity/System Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity/System Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/System Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Oliver Burton
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Voulaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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7
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Venkatesh H, Tracy SI, Farrar MA. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the mucosa and in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233261. [PMID: 37654482 PMCID: PMC10466411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells were initially described as helper cells that promote either the cellular immune response (Th1 cells) or the humoral immune response (Th2 cells). Since then, a plethora of functionally distinct helper and regulatory CD4 T cell subsets have been described. CD4 T cells with cytotoxic function were first described in the setting of viral infections and autoimmunity, and more recently in cancer and gut dysbiosis. Regulatory CD4 T cell subsets such as Tregs and T-regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells have also been shown to have cytotoxic potential. Indeed, Tr1 cells have been shown to be important for maintenance of stem cell niches in the bone marrow and the gut. This review will provide an overview of cytotoxic CD4 T cell development, and discuss the role of inflammatory and Tr1-like cytotoxic CD4 T cells in maintenance of intestinal stem cells and in anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishi Venkatesh
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean I. Tracy
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael A. Farrar
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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8
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Zhu D, Zhou M, Zhang H, Gong L, Hu J, Luo H, Zhou X. Network analysis identifies a gene biomarker panel for sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37443002 PMCID: PMC10339646 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by inflammation, which can lead to serious respiratory complications. Due to the high mortality of ARDS caused by sepsis, biological markers that enable early diagnosis are urgently needed for clinical treatment. METHODS In the present study, we used the public microarray data of whole blood from patients with sepsis-induced ARDS, patients with sepsis-alone and healthy controls to perform an integrated analysis based on differential expressed genes (DEGs) and co-expression network to identify the key genes and pathways related to the development of sepsis into ARDS that may be key targets for diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS Compared with controls, we identified 180 DEGs in the sepsis-alone group and 152 DEGs in the sepsis-induced ARDS group. About 70% of these genes were unique to the two groups. Functional analysis of DEGs showed that neutrophil-mediated inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main features of ARDS induced by sepsis. Gene network analysis identified key modules and screened out key regulatory genes related to ARDS. The key genes and their upstream regulators comprised a gene panel, including EOMES, LTF, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, IRF8 and MPEG1. Compared with the healthy controls, the panel had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.900 and 0.914 for sepsis-alone group and sepsis-induced ARDS group, respectively. The AUC was 0.746 between the sepsis-alone group and sepsis-induced ARDS group. Moreover, the panel of another independent blood transcriptional expression profile dataset showed the AUC was 0.769 in diagnosing sepsis-alone group and sepsis-induced ARDS group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our method contributes to the diagnosis of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS. The biological pathway involved in this gene biomarker panel may also be a critical target in combating ARDS caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hu Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital), No.30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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9
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Vanni A, Mazzoni A, Semeraro R, Capone M, Maschmeyer P, Lamacchia G, Salvati L, Carnasciali A, Farahvachi P, Giani T, Simonini G, Filocamo G, Romano M, Liotta F, Mashreghi MF, Cosmi L, Cimaz R, Magi A, Maggi L, Annunziato F. Clonally expanded PD-1-expressing T cells are enriched in synovial fluid of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250162. [PMID: 37086046 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic condition in childhood. The disease etiology remains largely unknown; however, a key role in JIA pathogenesis is surely mediated by T cells. T-lymphocytes activity is controlled via signals, known as immune checkpoints. Delivering an inhibitory signal or blocking a stimulatory signal to achieve immune suppression is critical in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of immune checkpoints in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity must still be deciphered. In this study, we investigated at the single-cell level the feature of T cells in JIA chronic inflammation, both at the transcriptome level via single-cell RNA sequencing and at the protein level by flow cytometry. We found that despite the heterogeneity in the composition of synovial CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, those characterized by PD-1 expression were clonally expanded tissue-resident memory (Trm)-like cells and displayed the highest proinflammatory capacity, suggesting their active contribution in sustaining chronic inflammation in situ. Our data support the concept that novel therapeutic strategies targeting PD-1 may be effective in the treatment of JIA. With this approach, it may become possible to target overactive T cells regardless of their cytokine production profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vanni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Patrick Maschmeyer
- Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulia Lamacchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Alberto Carnasciali
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Parham Farahvachi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano IT and University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Micol Romano
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Tuscany, Italy
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10
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Singh SP, Parween F, Edara N, Zhang HH, Chen J, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Cheng D, Oppenheim NA, Ransier A, Zhu W, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Darko SW, Singh TP, Douek DC, Myers TG, Farber JM. Human CCR6+ Th Cells Show Both an Extended Stable Gradient of Th17 Activity and Imprinted Plasticity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1700-1716. [PMID: 37093875 PMCID: PMC10463241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells have been investigated in mice primarily for their contributions to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathways of differentiation of Th17 and related Th cells (type 17 cells) and the structure of the type 17 memory population in humans are not well understood; such understanding is critical for manipulating these cells in vivo. By exploiting differences in levels of surface CCR6, we found that human type 17 memory cells, including individual T cell clonotypes, form an elongated continuum of type 17 character along which cells can be driven by increasing RORγt. This continuum includes cells preserved within the memory pool with potentials that reflect the early preferential activation of multiple over single lineages. The phenotypes and epigenomes of CCR6+ cells are stable across cell divisions under noninflammatory conditions. Nonetheless, activation in polarizing and nonpolarizing conditions can yield additional functionalities, revealing, respectively, both environmentally induced and imprinted mechanisms that contribute differentially across the type 17 continuum to yield the unusual plasticity ascribed to type 17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Farhat Parween
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nithin Edara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Hongwei H. Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Debby Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Nicole A. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Amy Ransier
- Genome Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amirhossein Shamsaddini
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Paul J. Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Samuel W. Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
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11
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Erratum: Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1125497. [PMID: 36761160 PMCID: PMC9903213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1125497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article .].
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12
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Thelen B, Schipperges V, Knörlein P, Hummel JF, Arnold F, Kupferschmid L, Klose CSN, Arnold SJ, Boerries M, Tanriver Y. Eomes is sufficient to regulate IL-10 expression and cytotoxic effector molecules in murine CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1058267. [PMID: 36756120 PMCID: PMC9901365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1058267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-box transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin regulate type 1 immune responses in innate and adaptive lymphocytes. T-bet is widely expressed in the immune system but was initially identified as the lineage-specifying transcription factor of Th1 CD4+ T cells, where it governs expression of the signature cytokine IFN- γ and represses alternative cell fates like Th2 and Th17. T-bet's paralog Eomes is less abundantly expressed and Eomes+ CD4+ T cells are mostly found in the context of persistent antigen exposure, like bone marrow transplantation, chronic infection or inflammation as well as malignant disorders. However, it has remained unresolved whether Eomes executes similar transcriptional activities as T-bet in CD4+ T cells. Here we use a novel genetic approach to show that Eomes expression in CD4+ T cells drives a distinct transcriptional program that shows only partial overlap with T-bet. We found that Eomes is sufficient to induce the expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and, together with T-bet, promotes a cytotoxic effector profile, including Prf1, Gzmb, Gzmk, Nkg7 and Ccl5, while repressing alternative cell fates. Our results demonstrate that Eomes+ CD4+ T cells, which are often found in the context of chronic antigen stimulation, are likely to be a unique CD4+ T cell subset that limits inflammation and immunopathology as well as eliminates antigen-presenting and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Thelen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Schipperges
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Knörlein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas F. Hummel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Arnold
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laurence Kupferschmid
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian J. Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Yakup Tanriver,
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13
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Arteaga-Cruz S, Cortés-Hernández A, Alvarez-Salazar EK, Rosas-Cortina K, Aguilera-Sandoval C, Morales-Buenrostro LE, Alberú-Gómez JM, Soldevila G. Highly purified and functionally stable in vitro expanded allospecific Tr1 cells expressing immunosuppressive graft-homing receptors as new candidates for cell therapy in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1062456. [PMID: 36911743 PMCID: PMC9998667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1062456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategies based on the use of Tr1 cells has taken relevance to induce long-term tolerance, especially in the context of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although Tr1 cells are currently identified by the co-expression of CD49b and LAG-3 and high production of interleukin 10 (IL-10), recent studies have shown the need for a more exhaustive characterization, including co-inhibitory and chemokines receptors expression, to ensure bona fide Tr1 cells to be used as cell therapy in solid organ transplantation. Moreover, the proinflammatory environment induced by the allograft could affect the suppressive function of Treg cells, therefore stability of Tr1 cells needs to be further investigated. Here, we establish a new protocol that allows long-term in vitro expansion of highly purified expanded allospecific Tr1 (Exp-allo Tr1). Our expanded Tr1 cell population becomes highly enriched in IL-10 producers (> 90%) and maintains high expression of CD49b and LAG-3, as well as the co-inhibitory receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT and CD39. Most importantly, high dimensional analysis of Exp-allo Tr1 demonstrated a specific expression profile that distinguishes them from activated conventional T cells (T conv), showing overexpression of IL-10, CD39, CTLA-4 and LAG-3. On the other hand, Exp-allo Tr1 expressed a chemokine receptor profile relevant for allograft homing and tolerance induction including CCR2, CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR3, but lower levels of CCR7. Interestingly, Exp-allo Tr1 efficiently suppressed allospecific but not third-party T cell responses even after being expanded in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines for two extra weeks, supporting their functional stability. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that highly purified allospecific Tr1 (Allo Tr1) cells can be efficiently expanded maintaining a stable phenotype and suppressive function with homing potential to the allograft, so they may be considered as promising therapeutic tools for solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Arteaga-Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arimelek Cortés-Hernández
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.,The National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelyn Katy Alvarez-Salazar
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.,The National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katya Rosas-Cortina
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E Morales-Buenrostro
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Soldevila
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.,The National Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Moseki RM, Barber DL, Du Bruyn E, Shey M, Van der Plas H, Wilkinson RJ, Meintjes G, Riou C. Phenotypic Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4 T-Cell Responses in People With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Develop Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofac546. [PMID: 36726536 PMCID: PMC9879713 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a frequent complication of cotreatment for TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. We characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific CD4 T-cell phenotype and transcription factor profile associated with the development of TB-IRIS. Methods We examined the role of CD4 T-cell transcription factors in a murine model of mycobacterial IRIS. In humans, we used a longitudinal study design to compare the magnitude of antiretroviral therapy, activation, transcription factor profile, and cytotoxic potential of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells between TB-IRIS (n = 25) and appropriate non-IRIS control patients (n = 18) using flow cytometry. Results In the murine model, CD4 T-cell expression of Eomesodermin (Eomes), but not Tbet, was associated with experimentally induced IRIS. In patients, TB-IRIS onset was associated with the expansion of Mtb-specific IFNγ+CD4 T cells (P = .039). Patients with TB-IRIS had higher HLA-DR expression (P = .016), but no differences in the expression of T-bet or Eomes were observed. At TB-IRIS onset, Eomes+Tbet+Mtb-specific IFNγ+CD4+ T cells showed higher expression of granzyme B in patients with TB-IRIS (P = .026). Conclusions Although the murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex-IRIS suggests that Eomes+CD4 T cells underly IRIS, TB-IRIS was not associated with Eomes expression in patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFNγ+CD4 T-cell responses in TB-IRIS patients are differentiated, highly activated, and potentially cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Moseki
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elsa Du Bruyn
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Van der Plas
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Timasheva YR, Nasibullin TR, Tuktarova IA, Erdman VV, Galiullin TR, Lyutov OV, Bakhtiiarova KZ. [Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Bashkortostan: population-specific genetic predictors and the results of a 20-year clinical follow-up study]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:34-42. [PMID: 37560832 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312307234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of a complex of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on previously obtained results in genome-wide association studies of disease markers (GWAS markers) in a population of MS patients and healthy individuals of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation) using polygenic detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The total study group consisted of 2048 people (641 patients with MS and 1407 healthy individuals) who permanently resided in the Republic of Bashkortostan and belonged to the Bashkir (n=325), Russian (n=772) or Tatar (n=951) nationalities. The analysis of association between MS and polymorphisms previously associated with the disease according to GWAS data was performed. Of the 641 MS patients, 247 were the subject of a 20-year prospective clinical follow-up. RESULTS The C6orf10 rs3129934*T allele was most significantly associated with MS in Russians (OR=2.00, P=5.85·10-5) and Tatars (OR=2.38, P=8.61·10-7). An increased MS risk in Russians was also associated with the EOMES rs11129295*T (OR=1.56, P=0.007) and IL7R rs1494558*I (OR=1.61, P=0.003) alleles. Meta-analysis confirmed the association of the C6orf10 rs3129934*T, EOMES rs11129295*T and IL7R rs1494558*I alleles with MS in the total group, as well as revealed associations of the INAVA rs7522462*G, IL7R rs10624573*I, CD6 rs17824933*G, GPC5 rs9523762*A and GPR65 rs2119704*C alleles with the disease. Using polygenic analysis, we identified a complex predictor C6orf10 rs3129934*C + INAVA rs7522462*G + CD6 rs17824933*C with a pronounced protective effect against MS in the total group (OR=0.34, PFDR=2.65·10-7). CONCLUSION We reproduced the association of eight polymorphisms (C6orf10 rs3129934, INAVA rs7522462, IL7R rs10624573, EOMES rs11129295, GPR65 rs2119704, GPC5 rs9523762, CD6 rs17824933 and CD58 rs2300747) with MS, previously identified in GWAS in European populations. Whole exome or genome sequencing may help to reveal the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MS in populations of the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - T R Nasibullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre, Ufa, Russia
| | - I A Tuktarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre, Ufa, Russia
| | - V V Erdman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - O V Lyutov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
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16
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Jotereau F, Alameddine J, Teusan R, Pédron A, Jouand N, Altare F, Godefroy E. Human gut microbiota-reactive DP8α regulatory T cells, signature and related emerging functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026994. [PMID: 36479125 PMCID: PMC9720269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, microbiota-induced Tregs both maintain intestinal homeostasis and provide resistance to immuno-pathologies in the adult. Identifying their human functional counterpart therefore represents an important goal. We discovered, in the human colonic lamina propria and blood, a FoxP3-negative IL-10-secreting Treg subset, which co-expresses CD4 and CD8α (hence named DP8α) and displays a TCR-reactivity against Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a role for this symbiotic bacterium in their induction. Moreover, supporting their role in intestinal homeostasis, we previously reported both their drastic decrease in IBD patients and their protective role in vivo against intestinal inflammation, in mice. Here, we aimed at identifying the genomic, phenotypic and functional signatures of these microbiota-induced Tregs, towards delineating their physiological role(s) and clinical potential. Human F. prausnitzii-reactive DP8α Treg clones were derived from both the colonic lamina propria and blood. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry and functional assays were performed to characterize their response upon activation and compare them to donor- and tissue-matched FoxP3+ Treg clones. DP8α Tregs exhibited a unique mixed Tr1-like/cytotoxic CD4+ T cell-profile and shared the RORγt and MAF master genes with mouse gut microbiota-induced FoxP3+ Tregs. We revealed their potent cytotoxic, chemotactic and IgA-promoting abilities, which were confirmed using in vitro assays. Therefore, besides their induction by a Clostridium bacterium, DP8α Tregs also partake master genes with mouse microbiota-induced Tregs. The present identification of their complete signature and novel functional properties, should be key in delineating the in vivo roles and therapeutic applications of these unique human microbiota-induced Tregs through their study in pathological contexts, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Jotereau
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Joudy Alameddine
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Raluca Teusan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Pédron
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- Cytocell, BioCore, Nantes Université UMS 3556, Inserm US016, CNRS UAR 3556, CHU Nantes, SFR Santé François BONAMY, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Altare
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
| | - Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Godefroy, ; Francine Jotereau, ; Frédéric Altare,
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17
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T cell responses at diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis predict disease progression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6733. [PMID: 36347843 PMCID: PMC9643478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, involving neuroinflammation and T cell infiltration in the central nervous system. However, the contribution of T cell responses to the pathology of the disease is not fully understood. Here we show, by flow cytometric analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of a cohort of 89 newly diagnosed ALS patients in Stockholm, Sweden, that T cell phenotypes at the time of diagnosis are good predictors of disease outcome. High frequency of CD4+FOXP3- effector T cells in blood and CSF is associated with poor survival, whereas high frequency of activated regulatory T (Treg) cells and high ratio between activated and resting Treg cells in blood are associated with better survival. Besides survival, phenotypic profiling of T cells could also predict disease progression rate. Single cell transcriptomics analysis of CSF samples shows clonally expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CSF, with characteristic gene expression patterns. In summary, T cell responses associate with and likely contribute to disease progression in ALS, supporting modulation of adaptive immunity as a viable therapeutic option.
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18
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Freeborn RA, Strubbe S, Roncarolo MG. Type 1 regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance in health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032575. [PMID: 36389662 PMCID: PMC9650496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, in addition to other regulatory cells, contribute to immunological tolerance to prevent autoimmunity and excessive inflammation. Tr1 cells arise in the periphery upon antigen stimulation in the presence of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells and secrete large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. The protective role of Tr1 cells in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel disease has been well established, and this led to the exploration of this population as a potential cell therapy. On the other hand, the role of Tr1 cells in infectious disease is not well characterized, thus raising concern that these tolerogenic cells may cause general immune suppression which would prevent pathogen clearance. In this review, we summarize current literature surrounding Tr1-mediated tolerance and its role in health and disease settings including autoimmunity, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Freeborn
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven Strubbe
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (ISCBRM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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20
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Regulation of CD4 T Cell Responses by the Transcription Factor Eomesodermin. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111549. [PMID: 36358898 PMCID: PMC9687629 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to the impacts of CD4 T cells, both positive in settings of infectious disease and cancer and negative in the settings of autoimmunity and allergy, is their ability to differentiate into distinct effector subsets with specialized functions. The programming required to support such responses is largely dictated by lineage-specifying transcription factors, often called ‘master regulators’. However, it is increasingly clear that many aspects of CD4 T cell immunobiology that can determine the outcomes of disease states involve a broader transcriptional network. Eomesodermin (Eomes) is emerging as an important member of this class of transcription factors. While best studied in CD8 T cells and NK cells, an increasing body of work has focused on impacts of Eomes expression in CD4 T cell responses in an array of different settings. Here, we focus on the varied impacts reported in these studies that, together, indicate the potential of targeting Eomes expression in CD4 T cells as a strategy to improve a variety of clinical outcomes.
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21
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Pawlak M, DeTomaso D, Schnell A, Meyer Zu Horste G, Lee Y, Nyman J, Dionne D, Regan BML, Singh V, Delorey T, Schramm MA, Wang C, Wallrapp A, Burkett PR, Riesenfeld SJ, Anderson AC, Regev A, Xavier RJ, Yosef N, Kuchroo VK. Induction of a colitogenic phenotype in Th1-like cells depends on interleukin-23 receptor signaling. Immunity 2022; 55:1663-1679.e6. [PMID: 36070768 PMCID: PMC9808605 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 receptor plays a critical role in inducing inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we report that Th1-like cells differentiated in vitro with IL-12 + IL-21 showed similar IL-23R expression to that of pathogenic Th17 cells using eGFP reporter mice. Fate mapping established that these cells did not transition through a Th17 cell state prior to becoming Th1-like cells, and we observed their emergence in vivo in the T cell adoptive transfer colitis model. Using IL-23R-deficient Th1-like cells, we demonstrated that IL-23R was required for the development of a highly colitogenic phenotype. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intestinal T cells identified IL-23R-dependent genes in Th1-like cells that differed from those expressed in Th17 cells. The perturbation of one of these regulators (CD160) in Th1-like cells inhibited the induction of colitis. We thus uncouple IL-23R as a purely Th17 cell-specific factor and implicate IL-23R signaling as a pathogenic driver in Th1-like cells inducing tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pawlak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David DeTomaso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Center for Computational Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Horste
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jackson Nyman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brianna M L Regan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toni Delorey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Markus A Schramm
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, MGH, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Center for Computational Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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22
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Que W, Ma K, Hu X, Guo WZ, Li XK. Combinations of anti-GITR antibody and CD28 superagonist induce permanent allograft acceptance by generating type 1 regulatory T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4413. [PMID: 35921418 PMCID: PMC9348800 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells represent a subset of IL-10-producing CD4+Foxp3- T cells and play key roles in promoting transplant tolerance. However, no effective pharmacological approaches have been able to induce Tr1 cells in vivo. We herein report the combined use of a CD28 superagonist (D665) and anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein monoclonal antibody (G3c) to induce Tr1 cells in vivo. Large amounts of IL-10/interferon-γ-co-producing CD4+Foxp3- Tr1 cells were generated by D665-G3c sequential treatment in mice. Mechanistic studies suggested that D665-G3c induced Tr1 cells via transcription factors Prdm1 and Maf. G3c contributed to Tr1 cell generation via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Tr1 cells suppressed dendritic cell maturation and T cell responses and mediated permanent allograft acceptance in fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mice in an IL-10-dependent manner. In vivo Tr1 cell induction is a promising strategy for achieving transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Hoeks C, Duran G, Hellings N, Broux B. When Helpers Go Above and Beyond: Development and Characterization of Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951900. [PMID: 35903098 PMCID: PMC9320319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Once regarded as an experimental artefact, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 CTL) are presently recognized as a biologically relevant T cell subset with important functions in anti-viral, anti-tumor, and autoimmune responses. Despite the potentially large impact on their micro-environment, the absolute cell counts of CD4 CTL within the peripheral circulation are relatively low. With the rise of single cell analysis techniques, detection of these cells is greatly facilitated. This led to a renewed appraisal of CD4 CTL and an increased insight into their heterogeneous nature and ontogeny. In this review, we summarize the developmental path from naïve CD4+ T cells to terminally differentiated CD4 CTL, and present markers that can be used to detect or isolate CD4 CTL and their precursors. Subsets of CD4 CTL and their divergent functionalities are discussed. Finally, the importance of local cues as triggers for CD4 CTL differentiation is debated, posing the question whether CD4 CTL develop in the periphery and migrate to site of inflammation when called for, or that circulating CD4 CTL reflect cells that returned to the circulation following differentiation at the local inflammatory site they previously migrated to. Even though much remains to be learned about this intriguing T cell subset, it is clear that CD4 CTL represent interesting therapeutic targets for several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hoeks
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bieke Broux,
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24
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Ma K, Que W, Hu X, Guo WZ, Zhong L, Ueda D, Gu EL, Li XK. Combinations of anti-GITR antibody and CD28 superagonist ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:340-350. [PMID: 35511600 PMCID: PMC9226153 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa with an unclear etiology. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been reported to play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestinal environment. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are a subset of CD4+Foxp3- T cells able to secrete high amounts of IL-10 with potent immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we found that the combination of anti-GITR antibody (G3c) and CD28 superagonist (D665) treatment stimulated the generation of a large amount of Tr1 cells. Furthermore, G3c/D665 treatment not only significantly relieved severe mucosal damage but also reduced the incidence of colonic shortening, weight loss, and hematochezia. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) upregulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-C chemokine receptor type 5, and Bax in splenic lymphocytes (SPLs) and colon tissues, while G3c/D665 treatment conversely inhibited the increase in mRNA levels of these genes. In addition, G3c/D665 treatment altered the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in SPLs, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Thus, the combination of G3c and D665 treatment showed efficacy against DSS-induced UC in mice by inducing a large amount of Tr1 cell generation via the musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma pathways in vivo and relieving inflammatory responses both systematically and locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Jing'an Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weitao Que
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke Ueda
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Er-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Jing'an Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Moschetti G, Vasco C, Clemente F, Galeota E, Carbonara M, Pluderi M, Locatelli M, Stocchetti N, Abrignani S, Zanier ER, Ortolano F, Zoerle T, Geginat J. Deep Phenotyping of T-Cells Derived From the Aneurysm Wall in a Pediatric Case of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866558. [PMID: 35711453 PMCID: PMC9197186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are very rare in children, and the characteristics of the T-cells in the IA wall are largely unknown. A comatose 7-years-old child was admitted to our center because of a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured giant aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. Two days after the aneurysm clipping the patient was fully awake with left hemiparesis. T-cells from the IA wall and from peripheral blood of this patient were analyzed by multi-dimensional flow cytometry. Unbiased analysis, based on the use of FlowSOM clustering and dimensionality reduction technique UMAP, indicated that there was virtually no overlap between circulating and tissue-infiltrating T-cells. Thus, naïve T-cells and canonical memory T-cells were largely restricted to peripheral blood, while CD4-CD8-T-cells were strongly enriched in the IA wall. The unique CD4+, CD8+ and CD4-CD8-T-cell clusters from the IA wall expressed high levels of CCR5, Granzyme B and CD69, displaying thus characteristics of cytotoxic and tissue-resident effector cells. Low Ki67 expression indicated that they were nevertheless in a resting state. Among regulatory T-cell subsets, Eomes+Tr1-like cells were strongly enriched in the IA wall. Finally, analysis of cytokine producing capacities unveiled that the IA wall contained poly-functional T-cells, which expressed predominantly IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2. CD4+T-cells co-expressed also CD40L, and produced some IL-17, GM-CSF and IL-10. This report provides to our knowledge the first detailed characterization of the human T-cell compartment in the IA wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Vasco
- National Institute for Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eugenia Galeota
- National Institute for Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Carbonara
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Pluderi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- National Institute for Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ortolano
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zoerle
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- National Institute for Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Dhume K, Finn CM, Devarajan P, Singh A, Tejero JD, Prokop E, Strutt TM, Sell S, Swain SL, McKinstry KK. Bona Fide Th17 Cells without Th1 Functional Plasticity Protect against Influenza. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:1998-2007. [PMID: 35338093 PMCID: PMC9012674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimal transcriptional programming needed for CD4 T cells to protect against influenza A virus (IAV) is unclear. Most IAV-primed CD4 T cells fit Th1 criteria. However, cells deficient for the Th1 "master regulator," T-bet, although marked by reduced Th1 identity, retain robust protective capacity. In this study, we show that T-bet's paralog, Eomesodermin (Eomes), is largely redundant in the presence of T-bet but is essential for the residual Th1 attributes of T-bet-deficient cells. Cells lacking both T-bet and Eomes instead develop concurrent Th17 and Th2 responses driven by specific inflammatory signals in the infected lung. Furthermore, the transfer of T-bet- and Eomes-deficient Th17, but not Th2, effector cells protects mice from lethal IAV infection. Importantly, these polyfunctional Th17 effectors do not display functional plasticity in vivo promoting gain of Th1 attributes seen in wild-type Th17 cells, which has clouded evaluation of the protective nature of Th17 programming in many studies. Finally, we show that primary and heterosubtypic IAV challenge is efficiently cleared in T-bet- and Eomes double-deficient mice without enhanced morbidity despite a strongly Th17-biased inflammatory response. Our studies thus demonstrate unexpectedly potent antiviral capacity of unadulterated Th17 responses against IAV, with important implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dhume
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Caroline M Finn
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Ayushi Singh
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Joanne D Tejero
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Emily Prokop
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Stewart Sell
- Palisades Pathology Laboratory, Williamsburg, VA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Karl Kai McKinstry
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL;
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27
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Timasheva Y, Nasibullin TR, Tuktarova IA, Erdman VV, Galiullin TR, Zaplakhova OV, Bakhtiiarova KZ. Multilocus evaluation of genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis. Gene 2022; 809:146008. [PMID: 34656742 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies identified numerous susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis in populations of European ancestry, but the associations are not always reproducible in other populations due to admixture and different linkage disequilibrium patterns obscuring true association signals. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify genetic predictors of multiple sclerosis in three ethnically homogenous populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russian Federation. METHODS In the largest to date study of multiple sclerosis in Russian population, involving 2048 participants from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation (641 patients with multiple sclerosis and 1407 unaffected individuals), we performed replication analysis of previously identified genome-wide signals for multiple sclerosis. Associations were tested using logistic regression analysis under additive genetic model adjusted for sex. Meta-analysis of the study results in three populations was performed under fixed effects and random effects models. RESULTS We demonstrate the association with multiple sclerosis of the five variants (INAVA rs7522462, EOMES rs11129295, C6orf10 rs3129934, CD86 rs9282641, and GPR65 rs2119704). The strongest association (OR = 2.16, CI:1.85-2.74, P = 2.53x10-13) was detected for rs3129934 polymorphism in the major histocompatibility region. Multilocus analysis has revealed 322 and 27 allelic patterns associated with multiple sclerosis in women and men, respectively. In women, the highest risk of MS was conferred by C6orf10 rs3129934*T/T + STAT3 rs744166*T combination (OR = 11.87), in men - by C6orf10 rs3129934*T + EOMES rs11129295*C + RPS6KB1 rs180515*C combination (OR = 3.25). CONCLUSION We confirm five associations with multiple sclerosis previously reported in genome-wide scans in Europeans in three ethnic groups from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 October Avenue, 450054 Ufa, Russia; Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Timur R Nasibullin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 October Avenue, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar A Tuktarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 October Avenue, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vera V Erdman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 October Avenue, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Timur R Galiullin
- G.G. Kuvatov Republic Clinical Hospital, 132 Dostoevsky Street, 450005 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oksana V Zaplakhova
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia; G.G. Kuvatov Republic Clinical Hospital, 132 Dostoevsky Street, 450005 Ufa, Russia
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28
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Zhang J, Song C, Tian Y, Yang X. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Lung Cancer: Revealing Phenotype Shaping of Stromal Cells in the Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802080. [PMID: 35126365 PMCID: PMC8807562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung tumor microenvironment, which is composed of heterogeneous cell populations, plays an important role in the progression of lung cancer and is closely related to therapeutic efficacy. Increasing evidence has shown that stromal components play a key role in regulating tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of stromal components in the tumor microenvironment is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Rapid advances in technology have brought our understanding of disease into the genetic era, and single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled us to describe gene expression profiles with unprecedented resolution, enabling quantitative analysis of gene expression at the single-cell level to reveal the correlations among heterogeneity, signaling pathways, drug resistance and microenvironment molding in lung cancer, which is important for the treatment of this disease. In this paper, several common single-cell RNA sequencing methods and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly introduced to provide a reference for selection of suitable methods. Furthermore, we review the latest progress of single-cell RNA sequencing in the study of stromal cells in the lung tumor microenvironment.
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29
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Kane H, LaMarche NM, Ní Scannail Á, Garza AE, Koay HF, Azad AI, Kunkemoeller B, Stevens B, Brenner MB, Lynch L. Longitudinal analysis of invariant natural killer T cell activation reveals a cMAF-associated transcriptional state of NKT10 cells. eLife 2022; 11:76586. [PMID: 36458691 PMCID: PMC9831610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate T cells, including CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, are characterized by their rapid activation in response to non-peptide antigens, such as lipids. While the transcriptional profiles of naive, effector, and memory adaptive T cells have been well studied, less is known about the transcriptional regulation of different iNKT cell activation states. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we performed longitudinal profiling of activated murine iNKT cells, generating a transcriptomic atlas of iNKT cell activation states. We found that transcriptional signatures of activation are highly conserved among heterogeneous iNKT cell populations, including NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 subsets, and human iNKT cells. Strikingly, we found that regulatory iNKT cells, such as adipose iNKT cells, undergo blunted activation and display constitutive enrichment of memory-like cMAF+ and KLRG1+ populations. Moreover, we identify a conserved cMAF-associated transcriptional network among NKT10 cells, providing novel insights into the biology of regulatory and antigen-experienced iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Kane
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Nelson M LaMarche
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Áine Ní Scannail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Amanda E Garza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Adiba I Azad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Britta Kunkemoeller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Brenneth Stevens
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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30
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Ahlers J, Mantei A, Lozza L, Stäber M, Heinrich F, Bacher P, Hohnstein T, Menzel L, Yüz SG, Alvarez-Simon D, Bickenbach AR, Weidinger C, Mockel-Tenbrinck N, Kühl AA, Siegmund B, Maul J, Neumann C, Scheffold A. A Notch/STAT3-driven Blimp-1/c-Maf-dependent molecular switch induces IL-10 expression in human CD4 + T cells and is defective in Crohn´s disease patients. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:480-490. [PMID: 35169232 PMCID: PMC9038525 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive Interleukin (IL)-10 production by pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells is a central self-regulatory function to limit aberrant inflammation. Still, the molecular mediators controlling IL-10 expression in human CD4+ T cells are largely undefined. Here, we identify a Notch/STAT3 signaling-module as a universal molecular switch to induce IL-10 expression across human naïve and major effector CD4+ T cell subsets. IL-10 induction was transient, jointly controlled by the transcription factors Blimp-1/c-Maf and accompanied by upregulation of several co-inhibitory receptors, including LAG-3, CD49b, PD-1, TIM-3 and TIGIT. Consistent with a protective role of IL-10 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), effector CD4+ T cells from Crohn's disease patients were defective in Notch/STAT3-induced IL-10 production and skewed towards an inflammatory Th1/17 cell phenotype. Collectively, our data identify a Notch/STAT3-Blimp-1/c-Maf axis as a common anti-inflammatory pathway in human CD4+ T cells, which is defective in IBD and thus may represent an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlers
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.420214.1Present Address: Sanofi Pasteur, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Mantei
- Labor Berlin, Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Cell Biology, Precision for Medicine GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Stäber
- Central Lab Service, Max-Plack-Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- grid.413453.40000 0001 2224 3060German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Thordis Hohnstein
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Translational Tumor Immunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simge G. Yüz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Simon
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Anne Rieke Bickenbach
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Mockel-Tenbrinck
- grid.59409.310000 0004 0552 5033Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co.KG, Bergisch-Gladbach, Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662iPATH, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Maul
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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31
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Cellular heterogeneity of circulating CD4 +CD8 + double-positive T cells characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23607. [PMID: 34880348 PMCID: PMC8655006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells are associated with a variety of disease states. However, unlike conventional T cells, the composition of this population is poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the composition and characteristics of the DP T cell population circulating in the peripheral blood of cynomolgus monkeys. We found that circulating DP T cells not only contain a large number of naïve cells, but also comprise a heterogeneous population (CD4 CTL-, Eomes+ Tr1-, Th2-, Th17-, Tfh-, Treg-, CD8 CTL-, and innate-like cells) with multiple potential functions. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a substantial number of the naïve DP T cells expressed CD8αβ, as well as CD8αα, along with high expression of CD31. Moreover, the CD4hiCD8lo and CD4hiCD8hi populations, which express high levels of the CD4 coreceptor, comprised subsets characterized by helper and regulatory functions, some of which also exhibited cytotoxic functions. By contrast, the CD4loCD8hi population with high CD8 coreceptor expression comprised a subset characterized by CD8 CTL- and innate-like properties. Taken together, the data show that scRNA-seq analysis identified a more diverse subset of the circulating DP cells than is currently known, despite this population being very small.
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32
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Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Nuclear Factor κB Activation Markedly Reduce Expression of Interleukin-2, but Not Interferon-γ, Induced by Phorbol Esters and Calcium Ionophores. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313098. [PMID: 34884902 PMCID: PMC8658103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) promotes the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We recently reported that the small molecule inhibitors, TPCA-1 and IKK-16, which target nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, moderately reduced Eomes-dependent IFN-γ expression in mouse lymphoma BW5147 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (IM). In the present study, we investigated the direct effects of NF-κB on IFN-γ expression in mouse lymphoma EL4 cells and primary effector T cells. Eomes strongly promoted IFN-γ expression and the binding of RelA and NFATc2 to the IFN-γ promoter when EL4 cells were stimulated with PMA and IM. Neither TPCA-1 nor IKK-16 reduced IFN-γ expression; however, they markedly decreased interleukin (IL)-2 expression in Eomes-transfected EL4 cells. Moreover, TPCA-1 markedly inhibited the binding of RelA, but not that of Eomes or NFATc2 to the IFN-γ promoter. In effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IFN-γ expression induced by PMA and A23187 was not markedly decreased by TPCA-1 or IKK-16 under conditions where IL-2 expression was markedly reduced. Therefore, the present results revealed that NF-κB is dispensable for IFN-γ expression induced by PMA and calcium ionophores in EL4 cells expressing Eomes and primary effector T cells.
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33
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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34
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De Simone M, Chirichella M, Emming S, Mazzara S, Ranzani V, Gruarin P, Moschetti G, Pulvirenti N, Maglie S, Vasco C, Crosti MC, Rossetti G, Pagani M, Abrignani S, Monticelli S, Geginat J. Ex vivo microRNA and gene expression profiling of human Tr1-like cells suggests a role for miR-92a and -125a in the regulation of EOMES and IL-10R. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3243-3246. [PMID: 34528258 PMCID: PMC9293355 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo gene expression and miRNA profiling of Eomes+ Tr1-like cells suggested that they represent a differentiation stage that is intermediate between Th1-cells and cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells. Several microRNAs were downregulated in Eomes+ Tr1-like cells that might inhibit Tr1-cell differentiation. In particular, miR-92a targeted Eomes, while miR-125a inhibited IFN-g and IL-10R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Michele Chirichella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB)Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB)Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Saveria Mazzara
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Valeria Ranzani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Giorgia Moschetti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Stefano Maglie
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
| | | | - Grazisa Rossetti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM)MilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM)MilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversità degli StudiMilanoItaly
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli StudiMilanoItaly
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB)Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM ‘Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’MilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli StudiMilanoItaly
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35
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Roessner PM, Llaó Cid L, Lupar E, Roider T, Bordas M, Schifflers C, Arseni L, Gaupel AC, Kilpert F, Krötschel M, Arnold SJ, Sellner L, Colomer D, Stilgenbauer S, Dietrich S, Lichter P, Izcue A, Seiffert M. EOMES and IL-10 regulate antitumor activity of T regulatory type 1 CD4 + T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:2311-2324. [PMID: 33526861 PMCID: PMC8324479 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) promotes interleukin (IL)-10 expression in CD4+ T cells, which has been linked to immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities. We detected cytotoxic, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and EOMES co-expressing CD4+ T cells in lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses revealed that EOMES does not only drive IL-10 expression, but rather controls a unique transcriptional signature in CD4+ T cells, that is enriched in genes typical for T regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells. The TR1 cell identity of these CD4+ T cells was supported by their expression of interferon gamma and IL-10, as well as inhibitory receptors including PD-1. TR1 cells with cytotoxic capacity accumulate also in Eµ-TCL1 mice that develop CLL-like disease. Whereas wild-type CD4+ T cells control TCL1 leukemia development after adoptive transfer in leukopenic Rag2-/- mice, EOMES-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to do so. We further show that TR1 cell-mediated control of TCL1 leukemia requires IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) signaling, as Il10rb-deficient CD4+ T cells showed impaired antileukemia activity. Altogether, our data demonstrate that EOMES is indispensable for the development of IL-10-expressing, cytotoxic TR1 cells, which accumulate in LNs of CLL patients and control TCL1 leukemia in mice in an IL-10R-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Roessner
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Llaó Cid
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Lupar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Cellzome, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Roider
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Bordas
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schifflers
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology Research Unit (URBC)-Namur Research Institute of Life Science (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lavinia Arseni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gaupel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kilpert
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Essen University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Genome Informatics, Essen, Germany
| | - Marit Krötschel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- BioMed X Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clinic, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Izcue
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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36
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Fischer DS, Ansari M, Wagner KI, Jarosch S, Huang Y, Mayr CH, Strunz M, Lang NJ, D’Ippolito E, Hammel M, Mateyka L, Weber S, Wolff LS, Witter K, Fernandez IE, Leuschner G, Milger K, Frankenberger M, Nowak L, Heinig-Menhard K, Koch I, Stoleriu MG, Hilgendorff A, Behr J, Pichlmair A, Schubert B, Theis FJ, Busch DH, Schiller HB, Schober K. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals ex vivo signatures of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells through 'reverse phenotyping'. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4515. [PMID: 34312385 PMCID: PMC8313584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo phenotypic profile of T cells reactive to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 antigens remains poorly understood. Conventional methods to detect antigen-reactive T cells require in vitro antigenic re-stimulation or highly individualized peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) multimers. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify and profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. To do so, we induce transcriptional shifts by antigenic stimulation in vitro and take advantage of natural T cell receptor (TCR) sequences of clonally expanded T cells as barcodes for 'reverse phenotyping'. This allows identification of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs and reveals phenotypic effects introduced by antigen-specific stimulation. We characterize transcriptional signatures of currently and previously activated SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, and show correspondence with phenotypes of T cells from the respiratory tract of patients with severe disease in the presence or absence of virus in independent cohorts. Reverse phenotyping is a powerful tool to provide an integrated insight into cellular states of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells across tissues and activation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Fischer
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, München, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, München, Germany ,grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Karolin I. Wagner
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yiqi Huang
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Mayr
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas J. Lang
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira D’Ippolito
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Hammel
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Mateyka
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Weber
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa S. Wolff
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Witter
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLaboratory of Immunogenetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutic Agents and Hemostaseology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for lung research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Isis E. Fernandez
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for lung research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Leuschner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for lung research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for lung research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich and Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Nowak
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich and Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Heinig-Menhard
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich and Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,Asklepios Biobank for pulmonary diseases, Gauting, Germany ,grid.452624.3Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU), Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Mircea G. Stoleriu
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,Asklepios Biobank for pulmonary diseases, Gauting, Germany ,grid.452624.3Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care (CDeCLMU), Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for lung research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Thoracic Surgery Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich and Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schubert
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, München, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Focus Group ‘Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, München, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Focus Group ‘Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XGrosshadern, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany ,grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Present Address: Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, München, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Present Address: Microbiological Institute—Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Clonally expanded EOMES + Tr1-like cells in primary and metastatic tumors are associated with disease progression. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:735-745. [PMID: 34017124 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a barrier for tumor immunity and a target for immunotherapy. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we found that CD4+ T cells infiltrating primary and metastatic colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer are highly enriched for two subsets of comparable size and suppressor function comprising forkhead box protein P3+ Treg and eomesodermin homolog (EOMES)+ type 1 regulatory T (Tr1)-like cells also expressing granzyme K and chitinase-3-like protein 2. EOMES+ Tr1-like cells, but not Treg cells, were clonally related to effector T cells and were clonally expanded in primary and metastatic tumors, which is consistent with their proliferation and differentiation in situ. Using chitinase-3-like protein 2 as a subset signature, we found that the EOMES+ Tr1-like subset correlates with disease progression but is also associated with response to programmed cell death protein 1-targeted immunotherapy. Collectively, these findings highlight the heterogeneity of Treg cells that accumulate in primary tumors and metastases and identify a new prospective target for cancer immunotherapy.
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38
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Granai M, Lazzi S, Mancini V, Akarca A, Santi R, Vergoni F, Sorrentino E, Guazzo R, Mundo L, Cevenini G, Tripodo C, Di Stefano G, Puccini B, Ponzoni M, Sabattini E, Agostinelli C, Bassüllü N, Tecimer T, Demiroz AS, Mnango L, Dirnhofer S, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Marafioti T, Fend F, Leoncini L. Burkitt lymphoma with a granulomatous reaction: an M1/Th1-polarised microenvironment is associated with controlled growth and spontaneous regression. Histopathology 2021; 80:430-442. [PMID: 33948980 PMCID: PMC9291779 DOI: 10.1111/his.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that, in some instances, may show a granulomatous reaction associated with a favourable prognosis and occasional spontaneous regression. In the present study, we aimed to define the tumour microenvironment (TME) in four such cases, two of which regressed spontaneously. Methods and results All cases showed aggregates of tumour cells with the typical morphology, molecular cytogenetics and immunophenotype of BL surrounded by a florid epithelioid granulomatous reaction. All four cases were Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive with type I latency. Investigation of the TME showed similar features in all four cases. The analysis revealed a proinflammatory response triggered by Th1 lymphocytes and M1 polarised macrophages encircling the neoplastic cells with a peculiar topographic distribution. Conclusions Our data provide an in‐vivo picture of the role that specific immune cell subsets might play during the early phase of BL, which may be capable of maintaining the tumour in a self‐limited state or inducing its regression. These novel results may provide insights into new potential therapeutic avenues in EBV‐positive BL patients in the era of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Granai
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Mancini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ayse Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Vergoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ester Sorrentino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Guazzo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gabriele Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioia Di Stefano
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Department of Pathology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haemolymphopathology Unit - IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Haemolymphopathology Unit - IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nuray Bassüllü
- Department of Pathology, Bilim University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay Tecimer
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Senem Demiroz
- Department of Pathology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Leah Mnango
- Department of Pathology, Muhimbili National Hospital and University for Healthcare and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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39
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Song Y, Wang N, Chen L, Fang L. Tr1 Cells as a Key Regulator for Maintaining Immune Homeostasis in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671579. [PMID: 33981317 PMCID: PMC8109434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is composed of effectors and regulators. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are classified as a distinct subset of T cells, and they secret high levels of IL-10 but lack the expression of the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3). Tr1 cells act as key regulators in the immune network, and play a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The regulatory capacity of Tr1 cells depends on many mechanisms, including secretion of suppressive cytokines, cell-cell contacts, cytotoxicity and metabolic regulation. A breakdown of Tr1-cell-mediated tolerance is closely linked with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Based on this observation, Tr1-cell therapy has emerged as a successful treatment option for a number of human diseases. In this review, we describe an overview of Tr1 cell identification, functions and related molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the current protocols to induce/expand Tr1 cells in vitro for clinical application, and summarize the recent progress of Tr1 cells in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Immunology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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40
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Maschmeyer P, Heinz GA, Skopnik CM, Lutter L, Mazzoni A, Heinrich F, von Stuckrad SL, Wirth LE, Tran CL, Riedel R, Lehmann K, Sakwa I, Cimaz R, Giudici F, Mall MA, Enghard P, Vastert B, Chang HD, Durek P, Annunziato F, van Wijk F, Radbruch A, Kallinich T, Mashreghi MF. Antigen-driven PD-1 + TOX + BHLHE40 + and PD-1 + TOX + EOMES + T lymphocytes regulate juvenile idiopathic arthritis in situ. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:915-929. [PMID: 33296081 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes accumulate in inflamed tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and express pro-inflammatory cytokines upon re-stimulation in vitro. Further, a significant genetic linkage to MHC genes suggests that T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of CIDs including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the functions of T lymphocytes in established disease remain elusive. Here we dissect the transcriptional and the clonal heterogeneity of synovial T lymphocytes in JIA patients by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor profiling on the same cells. We identify clonally expanded subpopulations of T lymphocytes expressing genes reflecting recent activation by antigen in situ. A PD-1+ TOX+ EOMES+ population of CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed immune regulatory genes and chemoattractant genes for myeloid cells. A PD-1+ TOX+ BHLHE40+ population of CD4+ , and a mirror population of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed genes driving inflammation, and genes supporting B lymphocyte activation in situ. This analysis points out that multiple types of T lymphocytes have to be targeted for therapeutic regeneration of tolerance in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maschmeyer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Mark Skopnik
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sae Lim von Stuckrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Elias Wirth
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imme Sakwa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcus Alexander Mall
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bas Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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Interleukin-10 counteracts T-helper type 1 responses in B-cell lymphoma and is a target for tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:110-116. [PMID: 33524501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To establish strategies for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma, it is mandatory to gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of tumor immune escape. In a mouse model of endogenously arising lymphoma, we investigated the impact of IL-10 on the regulation of antitumor responses. Despite progressive functional impairment of NK cells and lack of IFN-γ in the tumor milieu, we found an augmented fraction of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, which continued to express IFN-γ but also upregulated IL-10 during disease development. Using a lymphoma microenvironment in vitro, we showed that Th1 cells were converted to Foxp3-negative T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, which coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-10 and upregulated PD-1. This differentiation required pre-existing IL-10, which was primarily provided by malignant B cells and dendritic cells. IFN-γ only declined in cells with the uppermost PD-1 levels. Importantly, antibody-mediated IL-10 ablation in vivo improved effector cell functions and significantly suppressed tumor development. While the contribution of IL-10 to cancer immune escape has been controversially discussed in the past, we show that IL-10 suppresses ongoing, potentially protective immune responses in lymphoma and might be a target for immunotherapy.
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42
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Eomesodermin promotes interaction of RelA and NFATc2 with the Ifng promoter and multiple conserved noncoding sequences across the Ifng locus in mouse lymphoma BW5147 cells. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Herrmann M, Schulte S, Wildner NH, Wittner M, Brehm TT, Ramharter M, Woost R, Lohse AW, Jacobs T, Schulze zur Wiesch J. Analysis of Co-inhibitory Receptor Expression in COVID-19 Infection Compared to Acute Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: LAG-3 and TIM-3 Correlate With T Cell Activation and Course of Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1870. [PMID: 32983106 PMCID: PMC7479337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is a severe flu-like illness which is associated with hyperinflammation and immune dysfunction. The virus induces a strong T and B cell response but little is known about the immune pathology of this viral infection. Acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria also causes acute clinical illness and is characterized by hyperinflammation due to the strong production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a massive activation of T cells. In malaria, T cells express a variety of co-inhibitory receptors which might be a consequence of their activation but also might limit their overwhelming function. Thus, T cells are implicated in protection as well as in pathology. The outcome of malaria is thought to be a consequence of the balance between co-activation and co-inhibition of T cells. Following the hypothesis that T cells in COVID-19 might have a similar, dual function, we comprehensively characterized the differentiation (CCR7, CD45RO) and activation status (HLA-DR, CD38, CD69, CD226), the co-expression of co-inhibitory molecules (PD1, TIM-3, LAG-3, BTLA, TIGIT), as well as the expression pattern of the transcription factors T-bet and eomes of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of PBMC of n = 20 SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to n = 10 P. falciparum infected patients and n = 13 healthy controls. Overall, acute COVID-19 and malaria infection resulted in a comparably elevated activation and altered differentiation status of the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell populations. T effector cells of COVID-19 and malaria patients showed higher frequencies of the inhibitory receptors T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) which was linked to increased activation levels and an upregulation of the transcription factors T-bet and eomes. COVID-19 patients with a more severe disease course showed higher levels of LAG-3 and TIM-3 than patients with a mild disease course. During recovery, a rapid normalization of these inhibitory receptors could be observed. In summary, comparing the expression of different co-inhibitory molecules in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in COVID-19 vs. malaria, there is a transient increase of the expression of certain inhibitory receptors like LAG-3 and TIM-3 in COVID-19 in the overall context of acute immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Herrmann
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schulte
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils H. Wildner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Wittner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Theo Brehm
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Woost
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Interplay between Cytokine Circuitry and Transcriptional Regulation Shaping Helper T Cell Pathogenicity and Plasticity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093379. [PMID: 32403220 PMCID: PMC7247009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder manifested as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by intestinal inflammation and involves a dysregulated immune response against commensal microbiota through the activation of CD4 T helper cells. T helper cell differentiation to effector or regulatory phenotypes is controlled by cytokine networks and transcriptional regulators. Distinct polarized T helper cells are able to alter their phenotypes to adapt to diverse and fluctuating physiological environments. T helper cells exhibit intrinsic instability and flexibility to express cytokines of other lineages or transdifferentiate from one T helper cell type to another in response to various perturbations from physiological cytokine milieu as a means of promoting local immunity in response to injury or ensure tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, functional plasticity and diversity of T helper cells are associated with pathogenicity and are critical for immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. In this review, we provide deeper insights into the combinatorial extrinsic and intrinsic signals that control plasticity and transdifferentiation of T helper cells and also highlight the potential of exploiting the genetic reprogramming plasticity of T helper cells in the treatment of IBD.
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Evidence for a pathogenic role of extrafollicular, IL-10-producing CCR6 +B helper T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7305-7316. [PMID: 32184325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917834117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokine, but also promotes B cell responses and plays a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CD4+CCR6+IL-7R+T cells from human tonsils produced IL-10 following stimulation by naïve B cells, which promoted B cell immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. These tonsillar CCR6+B helper T cells were phenotypically distinct from follicular helper T (TFH) cells and lacked BCL6 expression. In peripheral blood, a CCR6+T cell population with similar characteristics was identified, which lacked Th17- and TFH-associated gene signatures and differentiation-associated surface markers. CD4+CCR6+T cells expressing IL-10, but not IL-17, were also detectable in the spleens of cytokine reporter mice. They provided help for IgG production in vivo, and expanded systemically in pristane-induced lupus-like disease. In SLE patients, CD4+CCR6+IL-7R+T cells were associated with the presence of pathogenic anti-dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) antibodies, and provided spontaneous help for autoantibody production ex vivo. Strikingly, IL-10-producing CCR6+T cells were highly abundant in lymph nodes of SLE patients, and colocalized with B cells at the margins of follicles. In conclusion, we identified a previously uncharacterized population of extrafollicular B helper T cells, which produced IL-10 and could play a prominent pathogenic role in SLE.
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46
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Geginat J, Vasco M, Gerosa M, Tas SW, Pagani M, Grassi F, Flavell RA, Meroni P, Abrignani S. IL-10 producing regulatory and helper T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101330. [PMID: 31735515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterised by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies against nuclear self-antigens. The anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic cytokine Interleukin-10 appears to play a paradoxical pathogenic role in SLE and is therefore currently therapeutically targeted in clinical trials. It is generally assumed that the pathogenic effect of IL-10 in SLE is due to its growth and differentiation factor activity on autoreactive B-cells, but effects on other cells might also play a role. To date, a unique cellular source of pathogenic IL-10 in SLE has not been identified. In this review, we focus on the contribution of different CD4+T-cell subsets to IL-10 and autoantibody production in SLE. In particular, we discuss that IL-10 produced by different subsets of adaptive regulatory T-cells, follicular helper T-cells and extra-follicular B-helper T-cells is likely to have different effects on autoreactive B-cell responses. A better understanding of the role of IL-10 in B-cell responses and lupus would allow to identify the most promising therapies for individual SLE patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Geginat
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
| | - M Vasco
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - M Gerosa
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy; ASST Istituto G. Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - S W Tas
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Pagani
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - F Grassi
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Pl Meroni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Abrignani
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; DISCCO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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Bedke T, Muscate F, Soukou S, Gagliani N, Huber S. Title: IL-10-producing T cells and their dual functions. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101335. [PMID: 31734129 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is considered a prototypical anti-inflammatory cytokine, which significantly contributes to the maintenance and reestablishment of immune homeostasis. However, this classical view fails to fully describe the pleiotropic roles of IL-10. Indeed, IL-10 can also promote immune responses, e.g. by supporting B-cell and CD8+ T-cell activation. The reasons for these seemingly opposing functions are unclear to a large extent. Recent and previous studies suggest that the cellular source and the microenvironment impact the function of IL-10. However, studies addressing the mechanisms which determine whether IL-10 promotes inflammation or controls it have just begun. This review first summarizes the recent findings on the heterogeneity of IL-10 producing T cells and their impact on the target cells. Finally, we will propose two possible explanations for the dual functions of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shiwa Soukou
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine and functions as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. IL-10 is particularly important in maintaining the intestinal microbe-immune homeostasis. Loss of IL-10 promotes the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions more generally to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. Although IL-10 can be produced by virtually all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, T cells constitute a non-redundant source for IL-10 in many cases. The various roles of T cell-derived IL-10 will be discussed in this review. Given that IL-10 is at the center of maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is not surprising that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and tightly regulated. We summarize the environmental signals and molecular pathways that regulate IL-10 expression. While numerous studies have provided us with a deep understanding of IL-10 biology, the majority of findings have been made in murine models, prompting us to highlight gaps in our knowledge about T cell-derived IL-10 in the human system.
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Boonpiyathad T, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Il-10 producing T and B cells in allergy. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101326. [PMID: 31711770 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell tolerance, particularly mediated by the immune suppressor functions of IL-10 led to a major conceptual change in this area more than 20 years ago. Currently, the known essential components of allergen tolerance include the induction of allergen-specific regulatory of T and B cells, the immune suppressive function of secreted factors, such as IL-10, IL-35, IL-1 receptor antagonist and TGF-β, immune suppressive functions of surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, the production IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in inflamed tissues. In this review, we explain the importance of the role of IL-10 in allergen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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50
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Geginat J. Introduction to the Special Issue: Interleukin-10 "The surprising twists and turns of an anti-inflammatory cytokine on its way to the clinic". Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101343. [PMID: 31706854 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geginat
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Via F. Sforza 35, I-20122 Milano, Mi, Italy.
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