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Navaridas R, Vidal‐Sabanés M, Ruiz‐Mitjana A, Altés G, Perramon‐Güell A, Yeramian A, Egea J, Encinas M, Gatius S, Matias‐Guiu X, Dolcet X. In Vivo Intra-Uterine Delivery of TAT-Fused Cre Recombinase and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing System in Mice Unveil Histopathology of Pten/p53-Deficient Endometrial Cancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303134. [PMID: 37749866 PMCID: PMC10646277 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (Pten) and p53 are two of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in endometrial cancer. However, the functional consequences and histopathological manifestation of concomitant p53 and Pten loss of function alterations in the development of endometrial cancer is still controversial. Here, it is demonstrated that simultaneous Pten and p53 deletion is sufficient to cause epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype in endometrial organoids. By a novel intravaginal delivery method using HIV1 trans-activator of transcription cell penetrating peptide fused with a Cre recombinase protein (TAT-Cre), local ablation of both p53 and Pten is achieved specifically in the uterus. These mice developed high-grade endometrial carcinomas and a high percentage of uterine carcinosarcomas resembling those found in humans. To further demonstrate that carcinosarcomas arise from epithelium, double Pten/p53 deficient epithelial cells are mixed with wild type stromal and myometrial cells and subcutaneously transplanted to Scid mice. All xenotransplants resulted in the development of uterine carcinosarcomas displaying high nuclear pleomorphism and metastatic potential. Accordingly, in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of Pten and p53 also triggered the development of metastatic carcinosarcomas. The results unfadingly demonstrate that simultaneous deletion of p53 and Pten in endometrial epithelial cells is enough to trigger epithelial to mesenchymal transition that is consistently translated to the formation of uterine carcinosarcomas in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Navaridas
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Maria Vidal‐Sabanés
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz‐Mitjana
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Gisela Altés
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Aida Perramon‐Güell
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Sonia Gatius
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department of Basic Medical SciencesBiomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), CIBERONC.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Xavier Matias‐Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Department of Basic Medical SciencesBiomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), CIBERONC.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signalling Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Experimental MedicineInstitut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, IRBLleida. University of Lleida, UdL.Av. Rovira Roure 80LleidaCatalonia25198Spain
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Brown M, Leon A, Kedzierska K, Moore C, Belnoue‐Davis HL, Flach S, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Lewis A, Bosse T, Tomlinson I, Church DN. Functional analysis reveals driver cooperativity and novel mechanisms in endometrial carcinogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17094. [PMID: 37589076 PMCID: PMC10565641 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk endometrial cancer has poor prognosis and is increasing in incidence. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms which drive this disease is limited. We used genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) to determine the functional consequences of missense and loss of function mutations in Fbxw7, Pten and Tp53, which collectively occur in nearly 90% of high-risk endometrial cancers. We show that Trp53 deletion and missense mutation cause different phenotypes, with the latter a substantially stronger driver of endometrial carcinogenesis. We also show that Fbxw7 missense mutation does not cause endometrial neoplasia on its own, but potently accelerates carcinogenesis caused by Pten loss or Trp53 missense mutation. By transcriptomic analysis, we identify LEF1 signalling as upregulated in Fbxw7/FBXW7-mutant mouse and human endometrial cancers, and in human isogenic cell lines carrying FBXW7 mutation, and validate LEF1 and the additional Wnt pathway effector TCF7L2 as novel FBXW7 substrates. Our study provides new insights into the biology of high-risk endometrial cancer and suggests that targeting LEF1 may be worthy of investigation in this treatment-resistant cancer subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brown
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Alicia Leon
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kedzierska
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Charlotte Moore
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hayley L Belnoue‐Davis
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Susanne Flach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryLMU KlinikumMunichGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner SiteMunichGermany
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Annabelle Lewis
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Genetics and CancerThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David N Church
- Cancer Genomics and Immunology Group, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill HospitalOxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS TrustOxfordUK
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3
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Koll FJ, Metzger E, Hamann J, Ramos-Triguero A, Bankov K, Köllermann J, Döring C, Chun FKH, Schüle R, Wild PJ, Reis H. Overexpression of KMT9α Is Associated with Aggressive Basal-like Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040589. [PMID: 36831256 PMCID: PMC9954512 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with limited response rates to systemic therapy leading to a significant risk of recurrence and death. A recently discovered histone methyltransferase KMT9, acts as an epigenetic regulator of carcinogenesis in different tumor entities. In this study, we investigated the presence and association of histological and molecular subtypes and their impact on the survival of KMT9α in MIBC. We performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of KMT9α in 135 MIBC patients undergoing radical cystectomy. KMT9α was significantly overexpressed in the nucleus in MIBC compared to normal urothelium and low-grade urothelial cancer. Using the HTG transcriptome panel, we assessed mRNA expression profiles to determine molecular subtypes and identify differentially expressed genes. Patients with higher nuclear and nucleolar KMT9α expression showed basal/squamous urothelial cancer characteristics confirmed by IHC and differentially upregulated KRT14 expression. We identified a subset of patients with nucleolar expression of KMT9α, which was associated with an increased risk of death in uni- and multivariate analyses (HR 2.28, 95%CI 1.28-4.03, p = 0.005). In conclusion, basal-like MIBC and the squamous histological subtype are associated with high nuclear KMT9α expression. The association with poor survival makes it a potential target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florestan J. Koll
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-86496
| | - Eric Metzger
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Hamann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Ramos-Triguero
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Köllermann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix K. H. Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lei TX, He DJ, Cao J, Lv WG. CircWDR26 regulates endometrial carcinoma progression via miR-212-3p-mediated typing genes MSH2. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:135. [PMID: 35897048 PMCID: PMC9327368 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNA) are important in mediating tumor progression, but their roles in endometrial carcinoma (EC) are not fully understood yet. Many circRNAs are dysregulated and may contribute to EC progression. The functions of circWDR26 in EC remain unknown. Methods The expression of circWDR26 in EC and adjacent normal tissues, and cell lines was determined by qPCR. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of EC cells was examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The interaction between circWDR26, MSH2 and miR-212-3p was determined by luciferase assay. EC cells were inoculated into nude mice and tumor burden was determined by measuring tumor dimensions, size, and weight. The proliferative marker Ki67 in EC tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of circWDR26 in EC tissues or cell lines was higher than in the normal tissue or endometrial epithelial cells. Downregulation of circWDR26 resulted in attenuated proliferation, increased apoptosis, reduced migration and invasion of EC cells. Mechanistically, circWDR26 targeted and suppressed the expression of miR-212-3p. We further found that MSH2 was the novel target of miR-212-3p and was upregulated by circWDR26 via inhibiting miR-212-3p. In vivo experiment demonstrated that circWDR26 was essential for EC tumor growth. Conclusion circWDR26 promoted EC progression by regulating miR-212-3p/MSH2 axis and provided novel insights into anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Xiang Lei
- Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University), No.849 Youth Avenue, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Jian He
- Department of Emergency, Chenzhou First People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University), Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, Chenzhou Fourth People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wang-Gui Lv
- Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University), No.849 Youth Avenue, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan Province, China.
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Ferrer AI, Einstein E, Morelli SS. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Endometrial Cancer Pathogenesis: Insights from Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040714. [PMID: 35203363 PMCID: PMC8869947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, representing 3.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States. Abnormal stem cell-like cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), reside in the endometrium and possess the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into cancer progenitors, leading to tumor progression. Herein we review the role of the endometrial microenvironment and sex hormone signaling in sustaining EC progenitors and potentially promoting dormancy, a cellular state characterized by cell cycle quiescence and resistance to conventional treatments. We offer perspective on mechanisms by which bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) within the endometrial microenvironment could promote endometrial CSC (eCSC) survival and/or dormancy. Our perspective relies on the well-established example of another sex hormone-driven cancer, breast cancer, in which the BM microenvironment plays a crucial role in acquisition of CSC phenotype and dormancy. Our previous studies demonstrate that BMDCs migrate to the endometrium and express sex hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors. Whether the BM is a source of eCSCs is unknown; alternatively, crosstalk between BMDCs and CSCs within the endometrial microenvironment could be an additional mechanism supporting eCSCs and tumorigenesis. Elucidating these mechanisms will provide avenues to develop novel therapeutic interventions for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I. Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
- School of Graduate Studies Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ella Einstein
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence:
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Maru Y, Hippo Y. Two-Way Development of the Genetic Model for Endometrial Tumorigenesis in Mice: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 12:798628. [PMID: 34956336 PMCID: PMC8696168 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract worldwide. Although comprehensive genomic analyses of EC have already uncovered many recurrent genetic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways, its disease model has been limited in quantity and quality. Here, we review the current status of genetic models for EC in mice, which have been developed in two distinct ways at the level of organisms and cells. Accordingly, we first describe the in vivo model using genetic engineering. This approach has been applied to only a subset of genes, with a primary focus on Pten inactivation, given that PTEN is the most frequently altered gene in human EC. In these models, the tissue specificity in genetic engineering determined by the Cre transgenic line has been insufficient. Consequently, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC development remain poorly understood, and preclinical models are still limited in number. Recently, refined Cre transgenic mice have been created to address this issue. With highly specific gene recombination in the endometrial cell lineage, acceptable in vivo modeling of EC development is warranted using these Cre lines. Second, we illustrate an emerging cell-based model. This hybrid approach comprises ex vivo genetic engineering of organoids and in vivo tumor development in immunocompromised mice. Although only a few successful cases have been reported as proof of concept, this approach allows quick and comprehensive analysis, ensuring a high potential for reconstituting carcinogenesis. Hence, ex vivo/in vivo hybrid modeling of EC development and its comparison with corresponding in vivo models may dramatically accelerate EC research. Finally, we provide perspectives on future directions of EC modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations promote aggressive endometrial tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009986. [PMID: 34941867 PMCID: PMC8741038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 and ARID1A are frequently mutated across cancer but rarely in the same primary tumor. Endometrial cancer has the highest TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity rate. However, the functional relationship between TP53 and ARID1A mutations in the endometrium has not been elucidated. We used genetically engineered mice and in vivo genomic approaches to discern both unique and overlapping roles of TP53 and ARID1A in the endometrium. TP53 loss with oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R in the endometrial epithelium results in features of endometrial hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and intraepithelial carcinoma. Mutant endometrial epithelial cells were transcriptome profiled and compared to control cells and ARID1A/PIK3CA mutant endometrium. In the context of either TP53 or ARID1A loss, PIK3CA mutant endometrium exhibited inflammatory pathway activation, but other gene expression programs differed based on TP53 or ARID1A status, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene expression patterns observed in the genetic mouse models are reflective of human tumors with each respective genetic alteration. Consistent with TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity, the p53 pathway is activated following ARID1A loss in the endometrial epithelium, where ARID1A normally directly represses p53 pathway genes in vivo, including the stress-inducible transcription factor, ATF3. However, co-existing TP53-ARID1A mutations led to invasive adenocarcinoma associated with mutant ARID1A-driven ATF3 induction, reduced apoptosis, TP63+ squamous differentiation and invasion. These data suggest TP53 and ARID1A mutations drive shared and distinct tumorigenic programs in the endometrium and promote invasive endometrial cancer when existing simultaneously. Hence, TP53 and ARID1A mutations may co-occur in a subset of aggressive or metastatic endometrial cancers, with ARID1A loss promoting squamous differentiation and the acquisition of invasive properties. Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with annual incidence continuing to rise. Although the majority of endometrial cancer patients have an excellent overall prognosis if the disease is confined to the endometrium, myometrial invasion and metastasis to other sites correlate with poor survival. Here, we used genetically engineered mice, in vivo genomics, and public cancer patient data to understand the relationship between TP53 and ARID1A, two of the most commonly mutated genes in endometrial cancer, in the context of mutant PIK3CA. Mutations in TP53 and ARID1A change different aspects of endometrial cell health but also share some similarities. ARID1A mutations specifically promote cancer cells to invade nearby tissue, a hallmark of metastasis, associated with squamous differentiation. Mice with co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations developed more invasive disease. Our studies suggest that co-existing TP53 and ARID1A tumor mutations may promote invasion and metastasis.
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8
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Ayakannu T, Taylor AH, Konje JC. Expression of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 is increased in endometrial carcinoma. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:449-460. [PMID: 34324032 PMCID: PMC8604869 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the expression of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 has been shown to be involved in the growth of various tumours and is increased in a number of cancers, its expression has not been examined in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Quantitative RT-PCR (for mRNA levels) and immunohistochemistry (for protein levels) were used to measure GPR55 expression in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 EC and correlated against cannabinoid receptor (CB1 and CB2) protein levels using non-cancerous endometrium as the control tissue. The data indicated that GPR55 transcript and GPR55 protein levels were significantly (p < 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively) higher in EC tissues than in control tissues. The levels of immunoreactive GPR55 protein were correlated with GPR55 transcript levels, but not with the expression of CB1 receptor protein, and were inversely correlated with CB2 protein expression, which was significantly decreased. It can be concluded that GPR55 expression is elevated in women with EC, and thus could provide a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Oncology Centre, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre for Medicine, University Road, Leicester, LE2 7RH, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Maru Y, Tanaka N, Tatsumi Y, Nakamura Y, Itami M, Hippo Y. Kras activation in endometrial organoids drives cellular transformation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:46. [PMID: 34172714 PMCID: PMC8233399 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS, an oncogene, is frequently activated by mutations in many cancers. Kras-driven adenocarcinoma development in the lung, pancreas, and biliary tract has been extensively studied using gene targeting in mice. By taking the organoid- and allograft-based genetic approach to these organs, essentially the same results as in vivo models were obtained in terms of tumor development. To verify the applicability of this approach to other organs, we investigated whether the combination of Kras activation and Pten inactivation, which gives rise to endometrial tumors in mice, could transform murine endometrial organoids in the subcutis of immunodeficient mice. We found that in KrasG12D-expressing endometrial organoids, Pten knockdown did not confer tumorigenicity, but Cdkn2a knockdown or Trp53 deletion led to the development of carcinosarcoma (CS), a rare, aggressive tumor comprising both carcinoma and sarcoma. Although they originated from epithelial cells, some CS cells expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Upon inoculation in immunodeficient mice, tumor-derived round organoids developed carcinoma or CS, whereas spindle-shaped organoids formed monophasic sarcoma only, suggesting an irreversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the transformation of endometrial cells and progression. As commonly observed in mutant Kras-driven tumors, the deletion of the wild-type Kras allele was identified in most induced tumors, whereas some epithelial cells in CS-derived organoids were unexpectedly negative for KrasG12D. Collectively, we showed that the oncogenic potential of KrasG12D and the histological features of derived tumors are context-dependent and varies according to the organ type and experimental settings. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tissue-specific Kras-driven tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naotake Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Tatsumi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
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Targeting Wnt Signaling in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102351. [PMID: 34068065 PMCID: PMC8152465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wnt has diverse regulatory roles at multiple cellular levels and numerous targeting points, and aberrant Wnt signaling has crucial roles in carcinogenesis, metastasis, cancer recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance; based on these facts, Wnt represents an appealing therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Although preclinical data supports a role for the Wnt signaling pathway in uterine carcinogenesis, this area remains understudied. In this review, we identify the functions of several oncogenes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and address the translation approach with potent Wnt inhibitors that have already been established or are being investigated to target key components of the pathway. Further research is likely to expand the potential for both biomarker and cancer drug development. There is a scarcity of treatment choices for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer; investigating the sophisticated connections of Wnt signaling networks in endometrial cancer could address the unmet need for new therapeutic targets. Abstract This review presents new findings on Wnt signaling in endometrial carcinoma and implications for possible future treatments. The Wnt proteins are essential mediators in cell signaling during vertebrate embryo development. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have provided significant insight into Wnt signaling, in particular in cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. The role of Wnt signaling is well established in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its function in gynecologic cancers, especially in endometrial cancers, has not been well elucidated. Development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas has been attributed to activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway (due to β-catenin mutations) and downregulation of Wnt antagonists by epigenetic silencing. The Wnt pathway also appears to be linked to estrogen and progesterone, and new findings implicate it in mTOR and Hedgehog signaling. Therapeutic interference of Wnt signaling remains a significant challenge. Herein, we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in endometrial cancer and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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11
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Tailored Therapy Based on Molecular Characteristics in Endometrial Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2068023. [PMID: 34036097 PMCID: PMC8118729 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2068023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Management of endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the endometrium which occupies most uterine corpus neoplasms, including uterine sarcomas, has been more relevant due to its increasing incidence. Extensive research on tumorigenesis molecular mechanisms and molecular characterization across cancers has brought paradigm shifts in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Endometrial cancer treatment has been traditionally guided according to the disease extent or histology types, while recent studies on molecular features have led to the introduction of targeted agents into clinical use, along with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. Considering the proven efficacy and relatively tolerable toxicities of targeted therapies across malignant tumors, improvement of treatment outcomes is also expected in endometrial cancer by adopting an individualized therapy depending on the specific molecular features. Efficacy assessment of new biological agents is still ongoing based on previous preclinical data on endometrial cancer molecular features. Here, endometrial cancer molecular characterization will be reviewed, and then, we will introduce preclinical data, directing the adoption of new biological agents.
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12
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Liu J, Jiang P, Chen X, Shen Y, Cui G, Ma Z, Zhao S, Zhang Y. Construction of a nine DNA repair-related gene prognostic classifier to predict prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:29. [PMID: 33407221 PMCID: PMC7789410 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and the prognostic prediction for EC patients remain unclear. Methods In the current study, we performed an in-depth analysis of over 500 patients which were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The bioinformatics analysis included gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Cox and lasso regression analyses to ensure overall survival (OS)-related genes, moreover, to construct a prognostic model and a nomogram for EC patients. Results GSEA identified 4 gene sets significantly associated with EC, which are DNA repair, unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species pathway and UV response up. Twenty-five OS-related DNA repair genes were screened out, after that, a 9-mRNA signature was constructed to measure the risk scores of patients with different outcomes. In addition, a nomogram contained the 9-mRNA model and clinical parameters was also presented to assess the prognosis. Patients with low risk were more likely to have sensitivity to paclitaxel, vinblastine, rapamycin, metformin, imatinib, Akt inhibitor and lapatinib. Conclusions The identified highly enriched gene sets may offer a novel insight into the tumorigenesis and treatment of EC. Additionally, the constructed 9-mRNA model and the nomogram have prominent clinical implications for prognosis evaluation and specific therapy guidance for EC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07712-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinping Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xucheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Ma
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shaojie Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 48, Huaishu Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 48, Huaishu Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Bianco B, Barbosa CP, Trevisan CM, Laganà AS, Montagna E. Endometrial cancer: a genetic point of view. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7706-7715. [PMID: 35117373 PMCID: PMC8797944 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the fourth most frequent gynecological cancer and the most frequent type of uterine cancer. There is an increase in the incidence and mortality of uterine cancers in the past few decades, and there are no well-established screening programs for endometrial cancer currently. Most endometrial cancers arise through the interplay of familial, genetic, and lifestyle factors. Although a number of genetic factors modify endometrial cancer susceptibility, they are not of standard use in the clinical assessment of prognosis. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review to provide an overview of the relationship between genetic factors and risk for endometrial cancer. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies between January 2010 to March 2020 reporting the genes associated with endometrial cancer. RESULTS Through the selection process, we retrieved 186 studies comprising 329 genes identified using several molecular methodologies in all human chromosomes and in mitochondrial DNA. Endometrial cancer exhibits a molecular complexity and heterogeneity coherent with its clinical and histologic variability. Improved characterization of molecular alterations of each histological type provides relevant information about the prognosis and potential response to new therapies. CONCLUSIONS The current challenge is the integration of clinicopathologic and molecular factors to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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14
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Fu DJ, De Micheli AJ, Bidarimath M, Ellenson LH, Cosgrove BD, Flesken-Nikitin A, Nikitin AY. Cells expressing PAX8 are the main source of homeostatic regeneration of adult mouse endometrial epithelium and give rise to serous endometrial carcinoma. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm047035. [PMID: 32998907 PMCID: PMC7648606 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and mice have cyclical regeneration of the endometrial epithelium. It is expected that such regeneration is ensured by tissue stem cells, but their location and hierarchy remain debatable. A number of recent studies have suggested the presence of stem cells in the mouse endometrial epithelium. At the same time, it has been reported that this tissue can be regenerated by stem cells of stromal/mesenchymal or bone marrow cell origin. Here, we describe a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the main cell types of the mouse uterus and epithelial subset transcriptome and evaluate the contribution of epithelial cells expressing the transcription factor PAX8 to the homeostatic regeneration and malignant transformation of adult endometrial epithelium. According to lineage tracing, PAX8+ epithelial cells are responsible for long-term maintenance of both luminal and glandular epithelium. Furthermore, multicolor tracing shows that individual glands and contiguous areas of luminal epithelium are formed by clonal cell expansion. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes Trp53 and Rb1 in PAX8+ cells, but not in FOXJ1+ cells, leads to the formation of neoplasms with features of serous endometrial carcinoma, one of the most aggressive types of human endometrial malignancies. Taken together, our results show that the progeny of single PAX8+ cells represents the main source of regeneration of the adult endometrial epithelium. They also provide direct experimental genetic evidence for the key roles of the P53 and RB pathways in the pathogenesis of serous endometrial carcinoma and suggest that PAX8+ cells represent the cell of origin of this neoplasm.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/pathology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Homeostasis
- Immunophenotyping
- Integrases/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- PAX8 Transcription Factor/genetics
- PAX8 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Regeneration
- Uterus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Jiun Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrea J De Micheli
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mallikarjun Bidarimath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Stem Cell Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrea Flesken-Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Morotti M, Soleymani Majd H, Casarin J, Alazzam M, Damato S. Histomolecular features of high-grade endometrial cancers. Minerva Med 2020; 112:20-30. [PMID: 33104303 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-grade endometrial cancers (ECs) are an aggressive subset of ECs accounting for 70-80% of EC-related deaths. Currently, staging surgery, together with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is the primary treatment strategy for these cancers. The widespread use of next-generation sequencing has led to a refined understanding of EC's genomics with important information for diagnosis and therapy for individual patients (precision medicine). However, advances in the genomics assessment of high-grade tumors have been slower due to their lower incidence than low-grade EC. This article will briefly introduce the current state of knowledge of the genomics of G3 endometrioid EC, serous uterine cancer, clear cell uterine carcinoma and uterine carcinosarcoma and discuss its implications for diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Morotti
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK -
| | - Hooman Soleymani Majd
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jvan Casarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Moiad Alazzam
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Damato
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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16
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Abstract
Endometrial cancer accounts for ~76,000 deaths among women each year worldwide. Disease mortality and the increasing number of new diagnoses make endometrial cancer an important consideration in women's health, particularly in industrialized countries, where the incidence of this tumour type is highest. Most endometrial cancers are carcinomas, with the remainder being sarcomas. Endometrial carcinomas can be classified into several histological subtypes, including endometrioid, serous and clear cell carcinomas. Histological subtyping is currently used routinely to guide prognosis and treatment decisions for endometrial cancer patients, while ongoing studies are evaluating the potential clinical utility of molecular subtyping. In this Review, we summarize the overarching molecular features of endometrial cancers and highlight recent studies assessing the potential clinical utility of specific molecular features for early detection, disease risk stratification and directing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Terakawa J, Serna VA, Taketo MM, Daikoku T, Suarez AA, Kurita T. Ovarian insufficiency and CTNNB1 mutations drive malignant transformation of endometrial hyperplasia with altered PTEN/PI3K activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4528-4537. [PMID: 30782821 PMCID: PMC6410785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814506116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) carry multiple driver mutations even when they are low grade. However, the biological significance of these concurrent mutations is unknown. We explored the interactions among three signature EEC mutations: loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PTEN, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations, utilizing in vivo mutagenesis of the mouse uterine epithelium. While epithelial cells with a monoallelic mutation in any one of three genes failed to propagate in the endometrium, any combination of two or more mutant alleles promoted the growth of epithelium, causing simple hyperplasia, in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, Ctnnb1 exon 3 deletion significantly increased the size of hyperplastic lesions by promoting the growth of PTEN LOF and/or PI3K GOF mutant cells through the activation of neoadenogenesis pathways. Although these three mutations were insufficient to cause EEC in intact female mice, castration triggered malignant transformation, leading to myometrial invasion and serosal metastasis. Treatment of castrated mice with progesterone or estradiol attenuated the neoplastic transformation. This study demonstrates that multiple driver mutations are required for premalignant cells to break the growth-repressing field effect of normal endometrium maintained by ovarian steroids and that CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations play critical roles in the growth of preneoplastic cells within the endometrium of premenopausal women and in the myometrial invasion of EECs in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Terakawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Vanida Ann Serna
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8506 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 920-8640 Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Adrian A Suarez
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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18
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Morand GB, Ikenberg K, Vital DG, Cardona I, Moch H, Stoeckli SJ, Huber GF. Preoperative assessment of CD44‐mediated depth of invasion as predictor of occult metastases in early oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 41:950-958. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire B. Morand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Domenic G. Vital
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Isabel Cardona
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University Montreal Québec Canada
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sandro J. Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryKantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Gerhard F. Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Cummings M, Massey KA, Mappa G, Wilkinson N, Hutson R, Munot S, Saidi S, Nugent D, Broadhead T, Wright AI, Barber S, Nicolaou A, Orsi NM. Integrated eicosanoid lipidomics and gene expression reveal decreased prostaglandin catabolism and increased 5-lipoxygenase expression in aggressive subtypes of endometrial cancer. J Pathol 2018; 247:21-34. [PMID: 30168128 DOI: 10.1002/path.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids comprise a diverse group of bioactive lipids which orchestrate inflammation, immunity, and tissue homeostasis, and whose dysregulation has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Among the various eicosanoid metabolic pathways, studies of their role in endometrial cancer (EC) have very much been confined to the COX-2 pathway. This study aimed to determine changes in epithelial eicosanoid metabolic gene expression in endometrial carcinogenesis; to integrate these with eicosanoid profiles in matched clinical specimens; and, finally, to investigate the prognostic value of candidate eicosanoid metabolic enzymes. Eicosanoids and related mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in fresh frozen normal, hyperplastic, and cancerous (types I and II) endometrial specimens (n = 192). Sample-matched epithelia were isolated by laser capture microdissection and whole genome expression analysis was performed using microarrays. Integration of eicosanoid and gene expression data showed that the accepted paradigm of increased COX-2-mediated prostaglandin production does not apply in EC carcinogenesis. Instead, there was evidence for decreased PGE2 /PGF2α inactivation via 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) in type II ECs. Increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) mRNA was also identified in type II ECs, together with proportional increases in its product, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). Decreased HPGD and elevated ALOX5 mRNA expression were associated with adverse outcome, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tissue microarray analysis of an independent series of EC specimens (n = 419). While neither COX-1 nor COX-2 protein expression had prognostic value, low HPGD combined with high ALOX5 expression was associated with the worst overall and progression-free survival. These findings highlight HPGD and ALOX5 as potential therapeutic targets in aggressive EC subtypes. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cummings
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen A Massey
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, Bradford School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Georgia Mappa
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Nafisa Wilkinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Hutson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarika Munot
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sam Saidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David Nugent
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy Broadhead
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander I Wright
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stuart Barber
- Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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20
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Bell DW, Ellenson LH. Molecular Genetics of Endometrial Carcinoma. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:339-367. [PMID: 30332563 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas constitute approximately 85% of newly diagnosed cases; serous carcinomas represent approximately 3-10% of diagnoses; clear cell carcinoma accounts for <5% of diagnoses; and uterine carcinosarcomas are rare, biphasic tumors. Longstanding molecular observations implicate PTEN inactivation as a major driver of endometrioid carcinomas; TP53 inactivation as a major driver of most serous carcinomas, some high-grade endometrioid carcinomas, and many uterine carcinosarcomas; and inactivation of either gene as drivers of some clear cell carcinomas. In the past decade, targeted gene and exome sequencing have uncovered additional pathogenic aberrations in each histotype. Moreover, an integrated genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) resulted in the molecular classification of endometrioid and serous carcinomas into four distinct subgroups, POLE (ultramutated), microsatellite instability (hypermutated), copy number low (endometrioid), and copy number high (serous-like). In this review, we provide an overview of the major molecular features of the aforementioned histopathological subtypes and TCGA subgroups and discuss potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Lora Hedrick Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065, USA;
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21
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Rosenfeld CS, Javurek AB, Johnson SA, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Hess RA. Seminal fluid metabolome and epididymal changes after antibiotic treatment in mice. Reproduction 2018; 156:1-10. [PMID: 29692359 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Paternal environment can induce detrimental developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) effects in resulting offspring and even future descendants. Such paternal-induced DOHaD effects might originate from alterations in a possible seminal fluid microbiome (SFM) and composite metabolome. Seminal vesicles secrete a slightly basic product enriched with fructose and other carbohydrates, providing an ideal habitat for microorganisms. Past studies confirm the existence of a SFM that is influenced by genetic and nutritional status. Herein, we sought to determine whether treatment of male mice with a combination of antibiotics designed to target SFM induces metabolic alterations in seminal vesicle gland secretions (seminal fluid) and histopathological changes in testes and epididymides. Adult (10- to 12-week-old) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Swiss males (n = 10 per group) were treated with Clindamycin 0.06 mg/kg day, Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) 40 mg/kg day and Baytril (enrofloxacin) 50 mg/kg day designed to target the primary bacteria within the SFM or saline vehicle alone. Fourteen-day antibiotic treatment of males induced metabolomic changes in seminal vesicles with inosine, xanthine and l-glutamic acid decreased but d-fructose increased in glandular secretions. While spermatogenesis was not affected in treated males, increased number of epididymal tubules showed cribriform growth in this group (7 antibiotic-treated males: 3 saline control males; P = 0.01). Antibiotic-treated males showed more severe cribriform cysts. Current findings suggest antibiotic treatment of male mice results in seminal fluid metabolome and epididymal histopathological alterations. It remains to be determined whether such changes compromise male reproductive function or lead to DOHaD effects in resulting offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA .,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral DisordersUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Genetics Area Program Faculty MemberUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela B Javurek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health SciencesWest Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of GastroenterologySchool of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Metabolomics CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Metabolomics CenterUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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22
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Fankhauser CD, Schüffler PJ, Gillessen S, Omlin A, Rupp NJ, Rueschoff JH, Hermanns T, Poyet C, Sulser T, Moch H, Wild PJ. Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 shows scarce expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10284-10293. [PMID: 29535806 PMCID: PMC5828186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the frequency and distribution of PD-L1 expression in specimens from prostate cancer (PC) patients using two different anti-PD-L1 antibodies (E1L3N, SP263). MATERIALS AND METHODS PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was performed in a tissue microarray consisting of 82 castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) specimens, 70 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) specimens, 96 localized PC cases, and 3 PC cell lines, using two different antibodies (clones E1L3N, and SP263). Staining images for CD4, CD8, PD-L1, and PanCK of a single PD-L1 positive case were compared, using a newly developed dot-wise correlation method for digital images to objectively test for co-expression. RESULTS Depending on the antibody used, in tumor cells (TC) only five (E1L3N: 6%) and three (SP263: 3.7%) samples were positive. In infiltrating immune cells (IC) 12 (SP263: 14.6%) and 8 (E1L3N: 9.9%) specimens showed PD-L1 expression. Two PC cell lines (PC3, LnCaP) also displayed membranous immunoreactivity. All localized PCs or BPH samples tested were negative. Dot-wise digital correlation of expression patterns revealed a moderate positive correlation between PD-L1 and PanCK expression, whereas both PanCK and PD-L1 showed a weak negative Pearson correlation coefficient between CD4 and CD8. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was not expressed in localized PC or BPH, and was only found in a minority of CRPC tumors and infiltrating immune cells. Protein expression maps and systematic dot-wise comparison could be a useful objective way to describe the relationship between immuno- and tumor-related proteins in the future, without the need to develop multiplex staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D. Fankhauser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Schüffler
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Aurelius Omlin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Niels J. Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan H. Rueschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Expression of CK19 is an independent predictor of negative outcome for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76151-76158. [PMID: 27764819 PMCID: PMC5342803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the prognostic role of CK19 expression in squamous cell carcinomas within a well-defined cohort of oral tongue cancer patients. Methods In our retrospective study, we investigated 129 patients with tongue cancer that had suitable material for inclusion in a tissue microarray (TMA). Where possible, samples were taken from central and peripheral regions of the tumor to generate a representative sample of the tumor. The expression level of CK19 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Expression of CK19 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was identified as a negative predictor for overall survival (OS; p<0.000) and disease specific survival (DSS; p=0.001). No significant difference could be shown for disease free survival (DFS) between patients with positive and negative CK19 staining (p=.094). Conclusion This is the first description of the highly significant role of CK19 in a selective, organ specific head and neck cancer cohort. Our results are of special importance against the background that CK19 positive carcinomas revealed a significantly poorer prognosis and therefore emphasize its prognostic and possible diagnostic role in tongue cancer.
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24
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Tu C, Wang F, Wan J. MicroRNA-381 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in endometrial carcinoma by targeting the IGF-1R. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:4090-4098. [PMID: 29257334 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most common type of malignant tumor occurring in females. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer and play important roles in tumorigenesis, and tumor development by regulating various processes. Thus, further investigation into miRNAs involved in EC formation and progression may aid in developing effective therapeutic strategies for patients with this disease. miRNA‑381 (miR‑381) is aberrantly expressed in multiple types of human cancer. However, the expression pattern, biological roles and underlying mechanisms of miR‑381 in EC are poorly understood. In the present study, the results showed that miR‑381 was downregulated in EC tissues and cell lines. Decreased miR‑381 expression correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, lymph nodes metastasis and myometrial invasion of EC. The ectopic expression of miR‑381 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. Through a series of experiments, the insulin‑like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF‑1R) was identified as a novel direct target of miR‑381 in EC. Furthermore, IGF‑1R was highly expressed in EC tissues and inversely correlated with miR‑381 levels. IGF‑1R overexpression partially abrogated the tumor‑suppressive effects of miR‑381 on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. miR‑381 targeted IGF‑1R to inactivate the protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in EC. These results suggest that miR‑381 acts as a tumor suppressor in EC by directly targeting IGF‑1R, and indirectly regulating the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Thus, miR‑381 should be investigated as a prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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25
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Brandt LP, Albers J, Hejhal T, Catalano A, Wild PJ, Frew IJ. Oncogenic HrasG12V expression plus knockdown of Cdkn2a using ecotropic lentiviral vectors induces high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186102. [PMID: 28982163 PMCID: PMC5628932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterine corpus represents the most common site for tumour development in the female genital system. Uterine neoplasms are categorised as epithelial, mesenchymal, mixed epithelial-mesenchymal or trophoblastic tumours. In this study we employed a mouse genetic approach using the MuLE lentiviral gene regulatory system to functionally test the ability of ecotropic lentiviruses to model epithelial and mesenchymal uterine malignancies ex vivo and in vivo. We discovered that MuLE lentiviruses efficiently infect uterine stromal cells but not endometrial epithelial cells when injected into the uterus of cycling, pseudopregnant or ovarectomized mice. Consistent with this cellular infection spectrum, we show that intra-uterine injection of ecotropic MuLE viruses expressing oncogenic HrasG12V together with knockdown of Cdkn2a induce high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. These findings establish this approach as an efficient method of generating autochthonous mouse models of uterine sarcomas and in general for performing genetic manipulations of uterine stromal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P. Brandt
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Albers
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Hejhal
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Catalano
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J. Frew
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Detection of CCNE1/URI (19q12) amplification by in situ hybridisation is common in high grade and type II endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14794-14805. [PMID: 27582547 PMCID: PMC5362444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One TCGA subgroup of endometrial cancer (EC) is characterised by extensive genomic DNA copy number alterations. CCNE1 located at 19q12 is frequently amplified in EC and a target for anti-cancer therapy. The relevance of URI, also located at 19q12, is unknown. To evaluate the prevalence of 19q12 (CCNE1/URI) in EC, we investigated different histologic types by in situ hybridisation (ISH) and copy number assay. We applied a previously established 19q12 ISH for the detection of CCNE1/URI copy numbers in EC (n = 270) using conventional bright field microscopy. In a subset (n = 21), 19q12 amplification status was validated by OncoScan assay. Manual ISH was controlled by a recently developed computational ISHProfiler algorithm. Associations of 19q12 status with Cyclin E1, URI and p53 expression, and clinico-pathological parameters were tested. Amplification of 19q12 (CCNE1/URI) was found in 10.4% (28/270) and was significantly associated with type II EC (high grade and non-endometrioid; p < 0.0001), advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.001), high Cyclin E1 expression (p = 0.008) and aberrant p53 expression (p = 0.04). 19q12 ISH data were confirmed by OncoScan and computational ISHProfiler techniques. The 19q12 in situ hybridisation is a feasible and robust biomarker assay in molecular pathology. Amplification of CCNE1/URI predominantly occurred in type II endometrial cancer. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to assess the utility of combined 19q12 amplification and Cyclin E1/URI protein expression analysis for the prediction of therapeutic response to chemotherapy and/or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in patients with endometrial cancer.
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27
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Janouskova H, El Tekle G, Bellini E, Udeshi ND, Rinaldi A, Ulbricht A, Bernasocchi T, Civenni G, Losa M, Svinkina T, Bielski CM, Kryukov GV, Cascione L, Napoli S, Enchev RI, Mutch DG, Carney ME, Berchuck A, Winterhoff BJN, Broaddus RR, Schraml P, Moch H, Bertoni F, Catapano CV, Peter M, Carr SA, Garraway LA, Wild PJ, Theurillat JPP. Opposing effects of cancer-type-specific SPOP mutants on BET protein degradation and sensitivity to BET inhibitors. Nat Med 2017; 23:1046-1054. [PMID: 28805821 PMCID: PMC5592092 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that recurrent mutations within a given cancer driver gene elicit similar drug responses. Cancer genome studies have identified recurrent but divergent missense mutations in the substrate recognition domain of the ubiquitin ligase adaptor SPOP in endometrial and prostate cancer. Their therapeutic implications remain incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by endometrial cancer-associated SPOP mutations and identified BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 proteins (BETs) as SPOP-CUL3 substrates that are preferentially degraded by endometrial SPOP mutants. The resulting reduction of BET protein levels sensitized cancer cells to BET inhibitors. Conversely, prostate cancer-specific SPOP mutants impaired degradation of BETs, promoting resistance against their pharmacologic inhibition. These results uncover an oncogenomics paradox, whereby mutations within the same domain evoke opposing drug susceptibilities. Specifically, we provide a molecular rationale for the use of BET inhibitors to treat endometrial but not prostate cancer patients with SPOP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Janouskova
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Geniver El Tekle
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bellini
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anna Ulbricht
- Department of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Bernasocchi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Civenni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tanya Svinkina
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig M Bielski
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Napoli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Radoslav I Enchev
- Department of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David G Mutch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael E Carney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Boris J N Winterhoff
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Schraml
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Carr
- Department of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe P Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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A self-sustained loop of inflammation-driven inhibition of beige adipogenesis in obesity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:654-664. [PMID: 28414311 PMCID: PMC5436941 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, white adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with reduced beige adipogenesis, a thermogenic and energy-dissipating function mediated by uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)-expressing beige adipocytes. Here, we dissected an inflammation-driven inhibitory mechanism of beige adipogenesis in obesity that required direct adhesive interactions between macrophages and adipocytes mediated, respectively, by α4 integrin and its counter-receptor VCAM-1, the expression of which was upregulated in obesity. This adhesive interaction reciprocally and concomitantly modulated inflammatory activation in macrophages and Erk–dependent downregulation of UCP1 in adipocytes. Genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of α4 integrin in mice resulted in elevated UCP1 expression and beige adipogenesis of the subcutaneous AT in obesity. Our findings, established in both mouse and human systems, reveal a self-sustained cycle of inflammation-driven impairment of beige adipogenesis in obesity.
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29
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Jiang FZ, He YY, Wang HH, Zhang HL, Zhang J, Yan XF, Wang XJ, Che Q, Ke JQ, Chen Z, Tong H, Zhang YL, Wang FY, Li YR, Wan XP. Mutant p53 induces EZH2 expression and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by disrupting p68-Drosha complex assembly and attenuating miR-26a processing. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44660-74. [PMID: 26587974 PMCID: PMC4792583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and the transcriptional repressor Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) have both been implicated in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis via their impacts on microRNA expression. Here, we report that mutant p53 (mutp53) promotes EMT in endometrial carcinoma (EC) by disrupting p68-Drosha complex assembly. Overexpression of mutp53 has the opposite effect of wild-type p53 (WTp53), repressing miR-26a expression by reducing pri-miR-26a-1 processing in p53-null EC cells. Re-expression of miR-26a in mutp53 EC cells decreases cell invasion and promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Rescuing miR-26a expression also inhibits EZH2, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail expression and induces E-cadherin expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, patients with higher serum miR-26a levels have a better survival rate. These results suggest that p53 gain-of-function mutations accelerate EC tumor progression and metastasis by interfering with Drosha and p68 binding and pri-miR-26a-1 processing, resulting in reduced miR-26a expression and EZH2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Yan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of The China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of The China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Qi Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Velizheva NP, Rechsteiner MP, Wong CE, Zhong Q, Rössle M, Bode B, Moch H, Soltermann A, Wild PJ, Tischler V. Cytology smears as excellent starting material for next-generation sequencing-based molecular testing of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 125:30-40. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine E. Wong
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rössle
- Cantonal Hospital Graubunden, Institute of Pathology; Chur Switzerland
| | - Beata Bode
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Verena Tischler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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31
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Wei L, Liu X, Zhang W, Wei Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Dong R, Kwon JS, Liu Z, Zheng W, Kong B. Overexpression and oncogenic function of HMGA2 in endometrial serous carcinogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:249-259. [PMID: 27186400 PMCID: PMC4859657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-mobility group A protein 2 (HMGA2) is a non-histone chromatin factor highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely detected within normal adult tissues. The clinical implications and biological functions of HMGA2 in endometrial carcinoma are largely unknown. Here we report that HMGA2 expression was barely detected in benign endometrium samples (2 of 28 samples). However, HMGA2 expression increased significantly from precancerous lesion endometrial glandular dysplasia (7 of 17, 41.2%), to serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (5 of 8, 62.5%) and to full blown endometrial serous carcinoma (39 of 59, 66.1%). Functional characterization of HMGA2 revealed that the gene has both tumor growth promotion and metastasis. In addition, HMGA2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation vimentin and β-catenin. Furthermore, HMGA2 overexpression started from endometrial serous precancers, non-invasive cancers, as well as in full blown carcinomas in a p53 knockout mouse model we recently established in our laboratory. Our findings suggest that HMGA2 may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial serous cancer and its precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruifen Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jungeun Sarah Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of ArizonaTucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of MedicineAZ, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
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McConechy MK, Talhouk A, Leung S, Chiu D, Yang W, Senz J, Reha-Krantz LJ, Lee CH, Huntsman DG, Gilks CB, McAlpine JN. Endometrial Carcinomas with POLE Exonuclease Domain Mutations Have a Favorable Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2865-73. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Activated mutant p110α causes endometrial carcinoma in the setting of biallelic Pten deletion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1104-13. [PMID: 25698082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PTEN and PIK3CA mutations occur with high frequency in uterine endometrioid carcinoma (UEC). Although PTEN mutations are present in complex atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma, PIK3CA mutations are restricted to carcinoma. We generated mouse models harboring Pten loss and/or activated Pik3ca in the endometrial epithelium to investigate their respective roles in the pathogenesis of UEC. Presence of an activated mutant Pik3ca on the background of Pten loss led to aggressive disease, with 100% of mice exhibiting carcinoma. Expression of Pik3ca with E545K mutation alone was unable to cause hyperplasia or cancer in the uterus and did not activate Akt as effectively as Pten deletion in short-term cultures of mouse endometrial epithelium, likely explaining the lack of phenotype in vivo. We also report that nuclear localization of FOXO1 correlated with PTEN mutational status irrespective of the PIK3CA status in endometrial cancer cell lines. Furthermore, gene expression profiles resulting from Pten loss or activation of Pik3ca in primary mouse endometrial epithelial cells exhibit minimal overlap. Thus, Pten and Pik3ca have distinct consequences on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in endometrial epithelium and are likely to affect other nonoverlapping cellular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the most common type of uterine cancer.
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Church DN, Stelloo E, Nout RA, Valtcheva N, Depreeuw J, ter Haar N, Noske A, Amant F, Tomlinson IPM, Wild PJ, Lambrechts D, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Smit VTHBM, Creutzberg CL, Bosse T. Prognostic significance of POLE proofreading mutations in endometrial cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:402. [PMID: 25505230 PMCID: PMC4301706 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current risk stratification in endometrial cancer (EC) results in frequent over- and underuse of adjuvant therapy, and may be improved by novel biomarkers. We examined whether POLE proofreading mutations, recently reported in about 7% of ECs, predict prognosis. METHODS We performed targeted POLE sequencing in ECs from the PORTEC-1 and -2 trials (n = 788), and analyzed clinical outcome according to POLE status. We combined these results with those from three additional series (n = 628) by meta-analysis to generate multivariable-adjusted, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of POLE-mutant ECs. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS POLE mutations were detected in 48 of 788 (6.1%) ECs from PORTEC-1 and-2 and were associated with high tumor grade (P < .001). Women with POLE-mutant ECs had fewer recurrences (6.2% vs 14.1%) and EC deaths (2.3% vs 9.7%), though, in the total PORTEC cohort, differences in RFS and CSS were not statistically significant (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.13 to 1.37, P = .15; HR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.44, P = .11 respectively). However, of 109 grade 3 tumors, 0 of 15 POLE-mutant ECs recurred, compared with 29 of 94 (30.9%) POLE wild-type cancers; reflected in statistically significantly greater RFS (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.84, P = .03). In the additional series, there were no EC-related events in any of 33 POLE-mutant ECs, resulting in a multivariable-adjusted, pooled HR of 0.33 for RFS (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.91, P = .03) and 0.26 for CSS (95% CI = 0.06 to 1.08, P = .06). CONCLUSION POLE proofreading mutations predict favorable EC prognosis, independently of other clinicopathological variables, with the greatest effect seen in high-grade tumors. This novel biomarker may help to reduce overtreatment in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Church
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Ellen Stelloo
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Remi A Nout
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Nadejda Valtcheva
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Natalja ter Haar
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Frederic Amant
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Ian P M Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ).
| | - Peter J Wild
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Ina M Jürgenliemk-Schulz
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Jan J Jobsen
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Carien L Creutzberg
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (DNC, IPMT); Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK (DNC); Department of Pathology (ES, NtH, VTHBMS, TB) and Department of Clinical Oncology (RAN, CLC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (NV, AN, PJW); Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (JD, DL); Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium (FA, DL); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (FA); Genomic Medicine Theme, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (IPMT); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centrum Utrecht, the Netherlands (IMJS); Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (JJJ)
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Fabi F, Asselin E. Expression, activation, and role of AKT isoforms in the uterus. Reproduction 2014; 148:R85-95. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The three isoforms of AKT: AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, are crucial regulators of both normal and pathological cellular processes. Each of these isoforms exhibits a high level of homology and functional redundancy with each other. However, while being highly similar and structurally homologous, a rising amount of evidence is showing that each isoform possesses specific targets as well as preferential subcellular localization. The role of AKT has been studied extensively in reproductive processes, but isoform-specific roles are yet to be fully understood. This review will focus on the role of AKT in the uterus and its function in processes related to cell death and proliferation such as embryo implantation, decidualization, endometriosis, and endometrial cancer in an isoform-centric manner. In this review, we will cover the activation of AKT in various settings, localization of isoforms in subcellular compartments, and the effect of isoform expression on cellular processes. To fully understand the dynamic molecular processes taking place in the uterus, it is crucial that we better understand the physiological role of AKT isoforms as well as their function in the emergence of diseases.
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Dong P, Konno Y, Watari H, Hosaka M, Noguchi M, Sakuragi N. The impact of microRNA-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness in endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:231. [PMID: 25141911 PMCID: PMC4145234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a common mechanism in all subtypes of endometrial cancers (endometrioid and non-endometrioid tumors), has important roles in contributing to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that concurrently affect multiple target genes, and regulate a wide range of genes involved in modulating EMT and CSC properties. Here we overview the recent advances revealing the impact of miRNAs on EMT and CSC phenotypes in tumors including endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNAs are crucial mediators of EMT and CSC through targeting PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis. In endometrial cancer cells, miRNAs can activate or attenuate EMT and CSC by targeting PTEN and other EMT-associated genes, such as Twist1, ZEB1 and BMI-1. More detailed studies of miRNAs will deepen our understanding of the molecular basis underlying PI3K/AKT-induced endometrial cancer initiation and progression. Targeting key signaling components of PI3K/AKT pathway by restoring or inhibiting miRNA function holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach to suppress EMT and CSC in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo 0608638, Japan.
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Ikenberg K, Valtcheva N, Brandt S, Zhong Q, Wong CE, Noske A, Rechsteiner M, Rueschoff JH, Caduff R, Dellas A, Obermann E, Fink D, Fuchs T, Krek W, Moch H, Frew IJ, Wild PJ. KPNA2 is overexpressed in human and mouse endometrial cancers and promotes cellular proliferation. J Pathol 2014; 234:239-52. [PMID: 24930886 DOI: 10.1002/path.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy of the female genital tract in Western countries. Although in many cases surgically curable, about 30% of the tumours represent an aggressive and untreatable disease. In an attempt to establish a reliable prognostic marker for endometrial carcinomas disregarding their histological diversity, we investigated the expression of KPNA2, a mediator of nucleocytoplasmic transport, and other cell proliferation-associated proteins and their correlation with cancer progression. We analysed patient tissue microarrays (TMAs) assembled from 527 endometrial cancer tissue specimens and uterus samples from a Trp53 knockout mouse model of endometrial cancer. Our data show that KPNA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in human endometrial carcinomas and associated with higher tumour grade (p = 0.026), higher FIGO stage (p = 0.027), p53 overexpression (p < 0.001), activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Increased nuclear KPNA2 immunoreactivity was identified as a novel predictor of overall survival, independent of well-established prognostic factors in Cox regression analyses (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.13-2.56, p = 0.01). No significant association between KPNA2 expression and endometrial cancer subtype was detected. In the mouse model, KPNA2 showed increased expression levels from precancerous (EmgD, EIC) to far-advanced invasive lesions. We further investigated the cell proliferation capacity after siRNA-mediated KPNA2 knockdown in the human endometrial cancer cell line MFE-296. KPNA2 silencing led to decreased proliferation of the cancer cells, suggesting interplay of the protein with the cell cycle. Taken together, increased expression of KPNA2 is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival. The mechanism of enhanced nucleocytoplasmic transport by KPNA2 overexpression seems a common event in aggressive cancers since we have shown a significant correlation of KPNA2 expression and tumour aggressiveness in a large variety of other solid tumour entities. Introducing KPNA2 immunohistochemistry in routine diagnostics may allow for the identification of patients who need more aggressive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ye W, Xue J, Zhang Q, Li F, Zhang W, Chen H, Huang Y, Zheng F. MiR-449a functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer by targeting CDC25A. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1193-9. [PMID: 24993091 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer initiation and development by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. The role of microRNA-449a (miR-449a) in endometrial cancer remains unclear. We examined the levels of miR-449a and miR-449b in benign endometrium, type I and type II endometrial cancer tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To further investigate the roles of miR-449a in regulating the behavior of endometrial cancer cells, we overexpressed miR-449a in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B, which had low endogenous miR-449a expression. We analyzed the effects of miR-449a overexpression on CDC25 expression, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of HEC-1B cells. We found that miR-449a and miR-449b levels were markedly reduced in type II endometrial cancer tissues but not in type I endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of miR-449a significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and clonogenic survival of HEC-1B cells. MiR-449a overexpression also induced apoptosis in HEC-1B cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that CDC25A expression was suppressed by miR-449a overexpression. Our results suggest that miR-449a may act as a tumor suppressor by targeting CDC25A in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ye
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jisen Xue
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Koppensteiner R, Samartzis EP, Noske A, von Teichman A, Dedes I, Gwerder M, Imesch P, Ikenberg K, Moch H, Fink D, Stucki M, Dedes KJ. Effect of MRE11 loss on PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in endometrial cancer in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100041. [PMID: 24927325 PMCID: PMC4057395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the frequency of MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN)-complex loss of protein expression in endometrial cancers (EC) and to determine whether loss of MRE11 renders the cancer cells sensitive to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitory treatment. METHODS MRN expression was examined in 521 samples of endometrial carcinomas and in 10 cancer cell lines. A putative mutation hotspot in the form of an intronic poly(T) allele in MRE11 was sequenced in selected cases (n = 26). Sensitivity to the PARP-inhibitor, BMN673 was tested in colony formation assays before and after MRE11 silencing using siRNA. Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair was evaluated by RAD51-foci formation assay upon irradiation and drug treatment. RESULTS Loss of MRE11 protein was found in 30.7% of EC tumours and significantly associated with loss of RAD50, NBS1 and mismatch repair protein expression. One endometrial cell line showed a markedly reduced MRE11 expression due to a homozygous poly(T) mutation of MRE11, thereby exhibiting an increased sensitivity to BMN673. MRE11 depletion sensitizes MRE11 expressing EC cell lines to the treatment with BMN673. The increased sensitivity to PARP-inhibition correlates with reduced RAD51 foci formation upon ionizing radiation in MRE11-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Loss of the MRE11 protein predicts sensitivity to PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in vitro, defining it as an additional synthetic lethal gene with PARP. The high incidence of MRE11 loss in ECs can be potentially exploited for PARP-inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, MRE11 protein expression using immunohistochemistry could be investigated as a predictive biomarker for PARP-inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriana von Teichman
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Dedes
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Gwerder
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Imesch
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin J. Dedes
- Division of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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[p53 suppresses type II endometrial carcinomas in mice and governs endometrial tumor aggressiveness in humans]. DER PATHOLOGE 2013; 34 Suppl 2:180-8. [PMID: 24196610 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-013-1859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Type II endometrial carcinomas are a highly aggressive group of tumor subtypes that are frequently associated with inactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. We show that mice with endometrium-specific deletion of the Trp53 gene initially exhibited histological changes that are identical to known precursor lesions of type II endometrial carcinomas in humans and later developed carcinomas representing all type II subtypes. The mTORC1 signalling pathway was frequently activated in these precursor lesions and tumors, suggesting a genetic cooperation between this pathway and Trp53 deficiency in tumor initiation. Consistent with this idea, analyses of 521 human endometrial carcinomas identified frequent mTORC1 pathway activation in type I as well as type II endometrial carcinoma subtypes. The mTORC1 pathway activation and p53 expression or mutation status each independently predicted poor patient survival. We suggest that molecular alterations in p53 and the mTORC1 pathway play different roles in the initiation of the different endometrial cancer subtypes but combined p53 inactivation and mTORC1 pathway activation are unifying pathogenic features among histologically diverse subtypes of late stage aggressive endometrial tumors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is responsible for approximately 74 000 deaths annually among women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease comprising multiple histologic subtypes. In the US, the majority of deaths from endometrial carcinoma are attributed to the serous and endometrioid subtypes. An understanding of the fundamental genomic alterations that drive serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas lays the foundation for the identification of molecular markers that could improve the clinical management of patients presenting with these tumors. CONTENT We review the current state of knowledge regarding somatic genomic alterations that occur in serous and endometrioid endometrial tumors. We present this knowledge in a historical context by reviewing the genomic alterations that studies of individual genes and proteins have identified over the past 2 decades or so. We then review very recent comprehensive and systematic surveys of genomic, exomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic alterations in serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. SUMMARY The recent mapping of the genomic landscape of serous and endometrioid endometrial carcinomas has produced the first comprehensive molecular classification of these tumors, which has distinguished 4 molecular subgroups: a POLE [polymerase (DNA directed), ε, catalytic subunit] ultramutated subgroup, a hypermutated/microsatellite-unstable subgroup, a copy number-low/microsatellite-stable subgroup, and a copy number-high subgroup. This molecular classification may ultimately serve to refine the diagnosis and treatment of women with endometrioid and serous endometrial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Gallo
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Zhang H, Guo Q, Wang C, Yan L, Fu Y, Fan M, Zhao X, Li M. Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6), a negative regulator of FGF2/ERK1/2 signaling, enhances 17β-estradiol-induced cell growth in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:60-9. [PMID: 23419500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6) is a negative feedback mechanism of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK1/2 signaling. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of Dusp6 in human endometrial adenocarcinomas and the role of Dusp6 expression in the growth regulation of endometrial adenocarcinoma cell. We found that Dusp6 was over-expressed in human endometrial adenocarcinomas. In Ishikawa cells, plasmid-driven Dusp6 expression efficiently blocked the activity of FGF2-induced MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling. Unexpectedly, Dusp6 expression significantly enhanced the growth of Ishikawa cells. In Dusp6 forced-expression cells, 17β-estradiol stimulation increased the cell growth by all most threefolds. In addition, progesterone treatment reduced the cell growth to about half both in Ishikawa cells with and without forced-Dusp6-expression. Dusp6 over-expression is involved in the pathogenesis and development of human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Dusp6 functions as a negative regulator of FGF2/ERK1/2 signaling but enhances the growth and 17β-estradiol-induced cell growth in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
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Rechsteiner M, Zimmermann AK, Wild PJ, Caduff R, von Teichman A, Fink D, Moch H, Noske A. TP53 mutations are common in all subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer and occur concomitantly with KRAS mutations in the mucinous type. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:235-41. [PMID: 23965232 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) can be classified into four major types (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous). The prevalence of driver gene mutations in the different subtypes is controversial. High-grade serous carcinomas show frequent TP53 mutations, whereas KRAS and BRAF mutations are less common. In non-serous EOC, the relevance of these gene mutations remains to be elucidated. METHODS We investigated 142 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded EOC, including serous (n=63), endometrioid (n=29), clear cell (n=25), mucinous (n=14), and others (n=11) for mutations in TP53 exons 5-8, KRAS exons 2 and 3, and BRAF exon 15 by pyro-sequencing using the GS Junior 454 platform. The mutational status was correlated with clinicopathological features and patient overall survival. RESULTS We identified mutations in the coding region of TP53 in 51.4% (73/142), and of KRAS in 9.9% (14/142) but not of BRAF. TP53 mutations occurred frequently not only in high-grade serous carcinomas (58.7%), but also in mucinous (57%) and clear cell EOC (52%). TP53 mutations were associated with high-grade carcinomas (p=0.014), advanced FIGO stage (p=0.001), intraoperative residual disease >1cm (p=0.004), as well as poor overall survival (p=0.002). KRAS mutations were mainly identified in mucinous EOC (57%) and were concomitantly with TP53 mutations in five mucinous carcinomas (36%). CONCLUSIONS TP53 gene driver mutations are a common feature of all advanced ovarian cancer subtypes, whereas BRAF mutations seem to be a rare event in EOC. KRAS mutations with synchronous TP53 mutations occur predominantly in low-grade mucinous carcinomas, suggesting a specific molecular background of this ovarian cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rechsteiner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen J, Tang H, Wu Z, Zhou C, Jiang T, Xue Y, Huang G, Yan D, Peng Z. Overexpression of RBBP6, alone or combined with mutant TP53, is predictive of poor prognosis in colon cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66524. [PMID: 23799110 PMCID: PMC3684577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and interacts with TP53 in carcinogenesis. However, the clinicopathologic significance of RBBP6 expression in colon cancer is unknown; in particular, the prognostic value of RBBP6 combined with TP53 expression has not been explored. Therefore, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect RBBP6 expression in colon cancer tissues. RBBP6 and TP53 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format, in which the primary colon cancer tissue was paired with noncancerous tissue. Tissue specimens were obtained from 203 patients. We found that RBBP6 was overexpressed in colon tumorous tissues and was significantly associated with clinical stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis, and histologic grade. Further studies revealed that a corresponding correlation between RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 was evident in colon cancer (r = 0.450; P<0.001). RBBP6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Interestingly, patients with tumors that had both RBBP6 overexpression and mutant TP53 protein accumulation relapsed and died within a significantly short period after surgery (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with LNM and patients with both RBBP6- and TP53-positive tumors had extremely poor OS (HR 6.75; 95% CI 2.63–17.35; P<0.001) and DFS (HR 8.08; 95% CI 2.80–23.30; P<0.001). These clinical findings indicate that the assessment of both RBBP6 and mutant TP53 expression will be helpful in predicting colon cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Rechsteiner M, von Teichman A, Rüschoff JH, Fankhauser N, Pestalozzi B, Schraml P, Weber A, Wild P, Zimmermann D, Moch H. KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 Deep Sequencing for Colorectal Carcinoma Patient Diagnostics. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:299-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Albers J, Rajski M, Schönenberger D, Harlander S, Schraml P, von Teichman A, Georgiev S, Wild PJ, Moch H, Krek W, Frew IJ. Combined mutation of Vhl and Trp53 causes renal cysts and tumours in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:949-64. [PMID: 23606570 PMCID: PMC3779454 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinations of genetic alterations that cooperate with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) mutation to cause clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood. We show that the TP53 tumour suppressor gene is mutated in approximately 9% of human ccRCCs. Combined deletion of Vhl and Trp53 in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts causes proliferative dysregulation and high rates of aneuploidy. Deletion of these genes in the epithelium of the kidney induces the formation of simple cysts, atypical cysts and neoplasms, and deletion in the epithelia of the genital urinary tract leads to dysplasia and tumour formation. Kidney cysts display a reduced frequency of primary cilia and atypical cysts and neoplasms exhibit a pro-proliferative signature including activation of mTORC1 and high expression of Myc, mimicking several cellular and molecular alterations seen in human ccRCC and its precursor lesions. As the majority of ccRCC is associated with functional inactivation of VHL, our findings suggest that for a subset of ccRCC, loss of p53 function represents a critical event in tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Albers
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Krakstad C, Birkeland E, Seidel D, Kusonmano K, Petersen K, Mjøs S, Hoivik EA, Wik E, Halle MK, Øyan AM, Kalland KH, Werner HMJ, Trovik J, Salvesen H. High-throughput mutation profiling of primary and metastatic endometrial cancers identifies KRAS, FGFR2 and PIK3CA to be frequently mutated. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52795. [PMID: 23300780 PMCID: PMC3531332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being the most common pelvic gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries, no targeted therapies are available for patients with metastatic endometrial carcinoma. In order to improve treatment, underlying molecular characteristics of primary and metastatic disease must be explored. Methodology/Principal Findings We utilized the mass spectrometric-based mutation detection technology OncoMap to define the types and frequency of point somatic mutations in endometrial cancer. 67 primary tumors, 15 metastases corresponding to 7 of the included primary tumors and 11 endometrial cancer cell lines were screened for point mutations in 28 known oncogenes. We found that 27 (40.3%) of 67 primary tumors harbored one or more mutations with no increase in metastatic lesions. FGFR2, KRAS and PIK3CA were consistently the most frequently mutated genes in primary tumors, metastatic lesions and cell lines. Conclusions/Significance Our results emphasize the potential for targeting FGFR2, KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in endometrial cancer for development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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