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Shahin S, Medley EA, Naidu M, Trasande L, Ghassabian A. Exposure to organophosphate esters and maternal-child health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118955. [PMID: 38640988 PMCID: PMC11152993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of chemicals now widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers after the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, OPEs carry their own risk of developmental toxicity, which poses concern for recent birth cohorts as they have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this review, we summarize the literature evaluating the association between OPE exposure and maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes. We included original articles investigating associations of OPE exposure with any health outcome on pregnant women, newborns, children, and adolescents. We found 48 articles on this topic. Of these, five addressed maternal health and pregnancy outcomes, 24 evaluated prenatal OPE exposure and child health, 18 evaluated childhood OPE exposure and child/adolescent health, and one article evaluated both prenatal and childhood OPE exposure. These studies suggest that OPE exposure is possibly associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including pregnancy loss, altered gestational duration and smaller birthweight, maternal and neonatal thyroid dysfunction, child metabolic dysregulation and abnormal growth, impaired neurodevelopment, and changes in immune response. Many of the reported outcomes associated with OPE exposure varied by child sex. Findings also varied substantially by OPE metabolite and exposure time. The OPEs most frequently measured, detected, and found to be associated with health outcomes were triphenyl phosphate (TPHP, metabolized to DPHP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP, metabolized to BDCIPP). The extensive range of health outcomes associated with OPEs raises concern about their growing use in consumer products; however, these findings should be interpreted considering the limitations of these epidemiological studies, such as possible exposure misclassification, lack of generalizability, insufficient adjustment for covariates, and failure to consider chemical exposures as a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Shahin
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eleanor A Medley
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Karaboga S, Severac F, Collins EMS, Stab A, Davis A, Souchet M, Hervé G. Organophosphate toxicity patterns: A new approach for assessing organophosphate neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134236. [PMID: 38613959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds or organophosphates (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants and pesticides. This contributes to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and to the risk of human exposure. The persistence of OPs and their bioaccumulative characteristics raise serious concerns regarding environmental and human health impacts. To address the need for safer OPs, this study uses a New Approach Method (NAM) to analyze the neurotoxicity pattern of 42 OPs. The NAM consists of a 4-step process that combines computational modeling with in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. Using spherical harmonic-based cluster analysis, the OPs were grouped into four main clusters. Experimental data and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) analysis were used in conjunction to provide information on the neurotoxicity profile of each group. Results showed that one of the identified clusters had a favorable safety profile, which may help identify safer OPs for industrial applications. In addition, the 3D-computational analysis of each cluster was used to identify meta-molecules with specific 3D features. Toxicity was found to correspond to the level of phosphate surface accessibility. Substances with conformations that minimize phosphate surface accessibility caused less neurotoxic effect. This multi-assay NAM could be used as a guide for the classification of OP toxicity, helping to minimize the health and environmental impacts of OPs, and providing rapid support to the chemical regulators, whilst reducing reliance on animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Karaboga
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Florence Severac
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélien Stab
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Davis
- UniCaen, Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Souchet
- Harmonic Pharma, Campus Artem 92, rue du Sergent Blandan, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Hervé
- R&D Laboratory and Technical Department, NYCO, 75008 Paris, France.
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Luo W, Yao S, Huang J, Wu H, Zhou H, Du M, Jin L, Sun J. Distribution and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Agricultural Soils and Plants in the Coastal Areas of South China. TOXICS 2024; 12:286. [PMID: 38668509 PMCID: PMC11054690 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are frequently used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various commercial products. While initially considered as substitutes for brominated flame retardants, they have faced restrictions in some countries due to their toxic effects on organisms. We collected 37 soil and crop samples in 20 cities along the coast of South China, and OPEs were detected in all of them. Meanwhile, we studied the contamination and potential human health risks of OPEs. In soil samples, the combined concentrations of eight OPEs varied between 74.7 and 410 ng/g, averaging at 255 ng/g. Meanwhile, in plant samples, the collective concentrations of eight OPEs ranged from 202 to 751 ng/g, with an average concentration of 381 ng/g. TDCIPP, TCPP, TCEP, and ToCP were the main OPE compounds in both plant and soil samples. Within the study area, the contaminants showed different spatial distributions. Notably, higher OPEs were found in coastal agricultural soils in Guangdong Province and crops in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results of an ecological risk assessment show that the farmland soil along the southern coast of China is at high or medium ecological risk. The average non-carcinogenic risk and the carcinogenic risk of OPEs in soil through ingestion and dermal exposure routes are within acceptable levels. Meanwhile, this study found that the dietary intake of OPEs through food is relatively low, but twice as high as other studies, requiring serious attention. The research findings suggest that the human risk assessment indicates potential adverse effects on human health due to OPEs in the soil-plant system along the coast of South China. This study provides a crucial foundation for managing safety risks in agricultural operations involving OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxing Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.); (M.D.)
- Iron Man Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong; (S.Y.); (L.J.)
| | - Jiahui Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Haochuan Wu
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Haijun Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Mingjiang Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong; (S.Y.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianteng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (W.L.); (H.Z.); (M.D.)
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Sutha J, Gayathri M, Ramesh M. Chronic exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) induces brain structural and functional changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A comparative study on the environmental and LC50 concentrations of TCEP. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16770-16781. [PMID: 38321284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a crucial organophosphorus flame retardant widely used in many industrial and commercial products. Available reports reported that TCEP could cause various toxicological effects on organisms, including humans. Unfortunately, toxicity data for TCEP (particularly on neurotoxicity) on aquatic organisms are lacking. In the present study, Danio rerio were exposed to different concentrations of TCEP for 42 days (chronic exposure), and oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity, and histopathological changes were evaluated in the brain. The results showed that TCEP (100 and 1500 µg L-1) induced oxidative stress and significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GR) in the brain tissue of zebrafish. In contrast, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was increased compared to the control group. Exposure to TCEP inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+,K+-ATPase activities in the brain tissue. Brain histopathology after 42 days of exposure to TCEP showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration, degenerated neurons, degenerated purkinje cells and binucleate. Furthermore, TCEP exposure leads to significant changes in dopamine and 5-HT levels in the brain of zebrafish. The data in the present study suggest that high concentrations of TCEP might affect the fish by altering oxidative balance and inducing marked pathological changes in the brain of zebrafish. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to TCEP may cause a neurotoxic effect in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesudass Sutha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesh Gayathri
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ai S, Li J, Wang X, Zhao S, Ge G, Liu Z. Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration and ecological risk assessment for triphenyl phosphate and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169756. [PMID: 38171460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) are common organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are used as additives in various industries. These compounds have been widely detected in aquatic environment, raising concerns about their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In order to protect aquatic ecosystems, a total of 7 species were selected for acute and chronic toxicity tests in this study. The results indicated that TPhP and TDCIPP exhibited varying degrees of toxicity to aquatic organisms. The 96-h LC50 values ranged from 1.088 mg/L to 1.574 mg/L for TPhP and from 2.027 mg/L to 17.855 mg/L for TDCIPP. The 28-d LC10 values ranged from 0.023 mg/L to 0.177 mg/L for TPhP and from 0.300 mg/L to 1.102 mg/L for TDCIPP. The tested toxicity data, combined with collected toxicity data, were used to investigate the predicted no-effect concentration in water (PNECwater) of TPhP and TDCIPP by species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. The results revealed PNECwater values of 6.35 and 38.0 μg/L for TPhP and TDCIPP, respectively. Furthermore, the predicted no-effect concentrations in sediment (PNECsed) were derived as 110 μg/kg dry weight (dw) for TPhP and 424 μg/kg dw for TDCIPP using the equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach. Based on the toxicity data and PNECs, the ecological risk of these two chemicals in surface waters and sediments worldwide over the last decade were evaluated. The results indicated that TDCIPP posed negligible risk in aquatic ecosystems. However, TPhP showed potential risk in sediments, as indicated by the hazard quotients (HQs) exceeding 0.1. The results of joint probability curves (JPC) indicated that the probabilities of exceeding hazardous concentration for 1 % of species for TPhP in water and sediment were 0.33 % and 5.2 %, respectively. Overall, these findings highlight the need for continued monitoring and assessment of the presence and potential impacts of TPhP and TDCIPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Ai
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shiqing Zhao
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gang Ge
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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6
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Zhang Q, Luo C, Li Z, Huang W, Zheng S, Liu C, Shi X, Ma Y, Ni Q, Tan W, Peng J, Chen Y, Wu W, Li J, Wu K. Astaxanthin activates the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and ferroptosis, reducing triphenyl phosphate (TPhP)-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115960. [PMID: 38219622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) serves as a major organophosphorus flame retardant, and its induced neurodevelopmental toxicity has attracted widespread attention, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we involved zebrafish to explore the new mechanism of TPhP inducing oxidative stress and ferroptosis to promote neurodevelopmental toxicity. The results suggested that TPhP affected the embryonic development, reduced the number of new neurons, and led to abnormal neural behavior in zebrafish larvae. TPhP also induced ROS accumulation, activated the antioxidant defense signal Nrf2 and Keap1, and significantly changed the activities of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, TPhP induced ferroptosis in zebrafish, which was reflected in the increase of Fe2+ content, the abnormal expression of GPX4 protein and genes related to iron metabolism (gpx4a, slc7a11, acsl4b, tfa, slc40a1, fth1b, tfr2, tfr1a, tfr1b and ncoa4). Astaxanthin intervention specifically inhibited ROS levels, and reversed SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression levels and Fe2+ metabolism thus alleviating ferroptosis induced by TPhP. Astaxanthin also partially reversed the activity of AChE, GST and the expression of neurodevelopmental-related genes (gap43, gfap, neurog1 and syn2a), so as to partially rescue the embryonic developmental abnormalities and motor behavior disorders induced by TPhP. More interestingly, the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein BAX, anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, Caspase3 and Caspase9 was significantly altered in the TPhP exposed group, which could be also reversed by Astaxanthin intervention. In summary, our results suggested that TPhP exposure can induce oxidative stress and ferroptosis, thereby causing neurodevelopment toxicity to zebrafish, while Astaxanthin can partially reverse oxidative stress and reduce the neurodevelopmental toxicity of zebrafish larvae by activating Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yikai Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Ni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuequn Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenying Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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He W, Ding J, Gao N, Zhu L, Zhu L, Feng J. Elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of organophosphate esters by adverse outcome pathway network. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:233-250. [PMID: 37864630 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of organophosphate esters (OPEs), the accumulation and toxicity effect of OPEs in biota are attracting more and more concern. In order to clarify the mechanism of toxicity of OPEs to organisms, this study reviewed the OPEs toxicity and systematically identified the mechanism of OPEs toxicity under the framework of adverse outcome pathway (AOP). OPEs were divided into three groups (alkyl-OPEs, aryl-OPEs, and halogenated-OPEs) and biota was divided into aquatic organism and mammals. The results showed that tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) mainly caused neurotoxicity, reproductive, and hepatotoxicity in different mechanisms. According to the constructed AOP network, the toxicity mechanism of OPEs on aquatic organisms and mammals is different, which is mainly attributed to the different biological metabolic systems of aquatic organisms and mammals. Interestingly, our results indicate that the toxicity effect of the three kinds of OPEs on aquatic organisms is different, while there was no obvious difference in the mechanism of toxicity of OPEs on mammals. This study provides a theoretical basis for OPEs risk assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Chen R, Xing C, Shen G, Jones KC, Zhu Y. Indirect Emissions from Organophosphite Antioxidants Result in Significant Organophosphate Ester Contamination in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20304-20314. [PMID: 37978933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs) have been seriously neglected as potential sources of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in environments. This study utilizes a modeling approach to quantify for the first time national emissions and multimedia distributions of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)─a well-known flame retardant─and three novel OPEs: tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O), bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626═O2), and trisnonylphenol phosphate (TNPP). Emphasis is on the quantitative assessment of OPA source in China. TPHP has 1.1-9.7 times higher emission (300 Mg/year in 2019 with half from OPA sources) than AO168═O (278 Mg/year), AO626═O2 (53 Mg/year), and TNPP (32 Mg/year), but AO168═O is predominant in environments (63-79%) except freshwaters. About 72-99% of the studied OPEs are emitted via air, with 88-99% ultimately distributed into soils as the major sink. OPA-source emissions contribute 9.5-57% and 4.7-56% of TPHP masses and concentrations (except in sediments) in different media, respectively. Both AO168═O and AO626═O2 exhibit high overall persistence ranging between 2 and 11 years. Source emissions and environmental concentrations are elevated in economically developed areas, while persistence is higher in northern areas, where precipitation and temperature are lower. This study shows the significance of the sources of OPA to OPE contamination, which supports chemical management of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changyue Xing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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9
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Liu B, Ding L, Lv L, Yu Y, Dong W. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in indoor dust: A systematic review on concentration, spatial distribution, sources, and human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140560. [PMID: 37898464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the indoor exposure of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) has received widespread attention worldwide. Using published data on 6 OPEs in 23 countries (n = 1437) and 2 NBFRs in 18 countries (n = 826) in indoor dust, this study systematically reviewed the concentrations, spatial distribution, sources and exposure risk of 8 flame retardants (FRs) worldwide. Tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) is the predominant FR with a median concentration of 1050 ng g-1 ΣCl-OPEs are significantly higher than Σnon-Cl-OPEs (p < 0.05). ΣOPEs in indoor dust from industrially-developed countries are higher than those from the countries lacking industrial development. Household appliances, electronics and plastic products are the main sources of non-Cl-OPEs and NBFRs, while interior decorations and materials contribute abundant Cl-OPEs in indoor dust. The mean hazard index (HI) of TCIPP for children is greater than 1, possibly posing non-cancer risk for children in some countries. The median ILCRs for 3 carcinogenic OPEs are all less than 10-6, suggesting no cancer risk induced by these compounds for both adults and children. This review helps to understand the composition, spatial pattern and human exposure risk of OPEs and NBFRs in indoor dust worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Lingjie Ding
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Linyang Lv
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Weihua Dong
- College of Geographical Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
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10
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Hu F, Li W, Wang H, Peng H, He J, Ding J, Zhang W. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) induce hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): a whole life-cycle assessment. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1421-1433. [PMID: 37950834 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a typical organophosphate flame retardant, is of increasingly great concern considering their ubiquitous presence in aquatic environments and potential ecotoxicity. The present work was aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibition and hepatic stress induced by whole life-cycle exposure to TCEP (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) in zebrafish. The results revealed that the body length, body mass and hepatic-somatic index (HSI) of zebrafish were significantly declined after exposure to TCEP for 120 days. GPx activity and GSH content were increased in the liver of zebrafish treated with low concentrations (0.8 and 4 μg/L) of TCEP, while exposure to high concentrations (20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP reduced antioxidative capacity and elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Gene transcription analysis demonstrated that the mRNA levels of nrf2 were altered in a similar manner to the transcription of the downstream genes nqo1 and hmox1, suggesting that Nrf2-Keap1 pathway mediated TCEP-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish liver. In addition, TCEP exposure might alleviate inflammatory response through down-regulating transcription of inflammatory cytokines (il-1β, il-6 and inos), and induce apoptosis via activating the p53-Bax pathway. Moreover, whole life-cycle exposure to TCEP caused a series of histopathological anomalies in zebrafish liver. Overall, our results revealed that lifetime exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP could result in growth retardation and induce significant hepatotoxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hangke Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiabo He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jieyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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11
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Berger ML, Shaw SD, Rolsky CB, Chen D, Sun J, Rosing-Asvid A, Granquist SM, Simon M, Bäcklin BM, Roos AM. Alternative and legacy flame retardants in marine mammals from three northern ocean regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37517638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are globally distributed contaminants that have been linked to negative health effects in humans and wildlife. As top predators, marine mammals bioaccumulate flame retardants and other contaminants in their tissues which is one of many human-imposed factors threatening population health. While some flame retardants, such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), have been banned because of known toxicity and environmental persistence, limited data exist on the presence and distribution of current-use alternative flame retardants in marine mammals from many industrialized and remote regions of the world. Therefore, this study measured 44 legacy and alternative flame retardants in nine marine mammal species from three ocean regions: the Northwest Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Baltic allowing for regional, species, age, body condition, temporal, and tissue comparisons to help understand global patterns. PBDE concentrations were 100-1000 times higher than the alternative brominated flame retardants (altBFRs) and Dechloranes. 2,2',4,5,5'-pentabromobiphenyl (BB-101) and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ) were the predominant altBFRs, while Dechlorane-602 was the predominant Dechlorane. This manuscript also reports only the second detection of hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) in marine mammals. The NW Atlantic had the highest PBDE concentrations followed by the Baltic and Arctic which reflects greater historical use of PBDEs in North America compared to Europe and greater industrialization of North America and Baltic countries compared to the Arctic. Regional patterns for other compounds were more complicated, and there were significant interactions among species, regions, body condition and age class. Lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations in harbor seal liver and blubber were similar, but HBBZ and many Dechloranes had higher concentrations in liver, indicating factors other than lipid dynamics affect the distribution of these compounds. The health implications of contamination by this mixture of compounds are of concern and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Berger
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA.
| | - Susan D Shaw
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Charles B Rolsky
- Shaw Institute, PO Box 1652, 55 Main Street, Blue Hill, ME, 04614, USA
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, CN-266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Sandra Magdalena Granquist
- Seal Research Department, The Icelandic Seal Center, Höfðabraut 6, 530 Hvammstangi, Iceland; Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Fornubúðir 5, 220 Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Malene Simon
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Britt-Marie Bäcklin
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Roos
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Zhang X, Tang X, Yang Y, Tong X, Hu H, Zhang X. Tributyl phosphate can inhibit the feeding behavior of rotifers by altering the axoneme structure, neuronal coordination and energy supply required for motile cilia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132224. [PMID: 37557041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are frequently detected in aquatic environments and can potentially amplify the food chain, posing a potential risk to organisms. Marine invertebrates have primitive nervous systems to regulate behavior, but how they respond to OPFRs that are potentially neurotoxic substances is unclear. This study assessed changes in the feeding behavior of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis exposed to alkyl OPFRs tributyl phosphate (TnBP) (0.376 nM, 3.76 and 22.53 µM) to elucidate the mechanism of behavioral toxicity. TnBP at 22.53 μM reduced the ingestion and filtration rates of rotifers for Chlorella vulgaris and Phaeocystis globosa in a 24-h test and altered rotifer-P. globosa population dynamics in 15-d coculture. Ciliary beat frequency was also reduced, and the expression of genes encoding the cilia axoneme was downregulated. TnBP could inhibit rotifer acetylcholinesterase activity by binding this protein and reduce the expression of the exocytotic membrane protein syntaxin-4, suggesting a disorder in nervous regulation of cilia beat. Moreover, TnBP induced abnormal shape and dysfunction of mitochondria, which caused insufficient energy required for ciliary movement. This study revealed diverse neurotoxicity mechanisms of TnBP, particularly as a potentially competing acetylcholinesterase ligand for aquatic invertebrates. Our research also provides a meaningful reference for OPFR-induced behavioral toxicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hanwen Hu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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13
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Tang J, Qin J, Kuerban G, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Sun R, Yin L, Pu Y, Zhang J. Effects of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85578-85591. [PMID: 37389749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging flame retardant, organic phosphate flame retardants have been extensively used worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of TnBP on neurobehavior of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and its mechanisms. L1 larvae of wild-type nematodes (N2) were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours. Then, we observed that the body length and body width were inhibited, the head swings were increased, the pump contractions and chemical trend index were reduced, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, and the expression of mitochondrial oxidative stress related genes (mev-1 and gas-1) and P38 MAPK signal pathway-related genes (pmk-1, sek-1, and nsy-1) was altered. After reporter gene strains BZ555, DA1240, and EG1285 were exposed to TnBP of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L for 72 hours, the synthesis of dopamine, glutamate, and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) was increased. In addition, the pmk-1 mutants (KU25) led to the sensitivity of C. elegans to TnBP in terms of head swings. The results showed that TnBP had harmful effects on the neurobehavior of C. elegans, oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity, and P38 MAPK signal pathway might play an important regulatory role in this process. The results revealed the potential adverse effects of TnBP on the neurobehavior of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guzailinuer Kuerban
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Deepika D, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Development of a Rat Physiologically Based Kinetic Model (PBK) for three Organophosphate Flame Retardants (TDCIPP, TCIPP, TCEP). Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00206-0. [PMID: 37356742 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) are three widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) being frequently detected in human body fluids. Although OPFRs are being detected in human beings, the toxicological effects of their exposure are not clearly understood due to limited data. For this, a physiologically based kinetic model (PBK) was developed in MCSIM integrated with R studio and validated in rats to understand the toxicokinetics of OPFRs for the first time. The model required the enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) mechanism which was included to explain the non-linear data. Model parameters were optimized using the Bayesian framework (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) along with a visual fitting to explain toxicokinetic data. Goodness-of-fit was calculated to evaluate model predictability power in Rstudio. The model can appropriately predict the concentration of OPFRs in several organs like plasma, urine, kidney, etc. within 1-2-fold of experimental data. Slow elimination of OPFRs was observed from adipose tissue and brain at late time points, showing their potential to accumulate upon daily exposure. The use of PBK was demonstrated by reconstructing the oral exposure equivalent to the in-vitro toxic dose to support neurotoxic risk assessment. This version of PBK can be extrapolated to human for toxicological risk assessment. Nonetheless, further investigation is required to understand whether these chemicals follow similar kinetics in humans, which could lead to a greater risk to human health. CODE AVAILABILITY: The model will be available to access through Rshiny using GIThub soon, InSilicoVida/Flame-Retardant-PBPK-Model: It contains organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs) PBK for TDCIPP, TCIPP and TCEP (github.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d' Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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15
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Hall AM, Keil AP, Choi G, Ramos AM, Richardson DB, Olshan AF, Martin CL, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Øvergaard KR, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Prenatal organophosphate ester exposure and executive function in Norwegian preschoolers. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e251. [PMID: 37304339 PMCID: PMC10256412 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous chemicals, used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPE usage has increased over time as a substitute for other controlled compounds. This study investigates the impact of prenatal OPE exposure on executive function (EF) in preschoolers. Methods We selected 340 preschoolers from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Diphenyl-phosphate (DPhP), di-n-butyl-phosphate (DnBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) were measured in maternal urine. EF was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool (BRIEF-P) and the Stanford-Binet fifth edition (SB-5). EF scores were scaled so a higher score indicated worse performance. We estimated exposure-outcome associations and evaluated modification by child sex using linear regression. Results Higher DnBP was associated with lower EF scores across multiple rater-based domains. Higher DPhP and BDCIPP were associated with lower SB-5 verbal working memory (β = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.87; β = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.08, 1.02), and higher BBOEP was associated with lower teacher-rated inhibition (β = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.63). DPhP was associated with lower parent-reported BRIEF-P measures in boys but not girls [inhibition: boys: 0.37 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.93); girls: -0.48 (95% CI = -1.27, 0.19); emotional control: boys: 0.44 (95% CI = -0.13, 1.26); girls: -0.83 (95% CI = -1.73, -0.00); working memory: boys: 0.49 (95% CI = 0.03, 1.08); girls: -0.40 (95% CI = -1.11, 0.36)]. Fewer sex interactions were observed for DnBP, BBOEP, and BDCIPP, with irregular patterns observed across EF domains. Conclusions We found some evidence prenatal OPE exposure may impact EF in preschoolers and variation in associations by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexander P. Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B. Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chantel L. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R. Øvergaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K. Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Li Y, Hu L, Zhou B, Zheng Z, Xu Q, Liu J, Song L, Wang Y, Mei S. The association between organophosphate esters exposure and body mass index in children and adolescents: The mediating effect of sex hormones. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138305. [PMID: 36871798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been indicated to impair growth and development in toxicological studies, but current epidemiological data on their associations with body mass index (BMI) are limited and the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the association of OPE metabolites with BMI z-score, and assess whether sex hormones mediate the relationships between OPE exposure and BMI z-score. We measured weight and height, and determined OPE metabolites in spot urine samples and sex hormones in serum samples among 1156 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Liuzhou city, China. The results showed that di-o-cresyl phosphate and di-pcresyl phosphate (DoCP & DpCP) levels were associated with lower BMI z-score of all participants and a similar pattern of associations were presented in prepubertal boys stratified by sex-puberty groups and male children stratified by sex-age groups. In addition, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were related to reduced BMI z-score among all subgroups including prepubertal boys, prepubertal girls, pubertal boys, and pubertal girls (all Ptrend<0.05). We also found that DoCP & DpCP showed positive associations with SHBG among prepubertal boys. Mediation analysis further showed that SHBG mediated 35.0% of the association between DoCP & DpCP and reduced BMI z-score in prepubertal boys. Our results indicated that OPEs may impair growth and development by disrupting the sex hormones in prepubertal boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qitong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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18
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Zhang Q, Zheng S, Shi X, Luo C, Huang W, Lin H, Peng J, Tan W, Wu K. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107745. [PMID: 36657258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As a substitute for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is widely used in our daily products and diffusely exists in our living surroundings, but there is a paucity of information concerning its neurodevelopmental toxicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of TPhP exposure on developmental parameters, locomotor behavior, oxidative stress, apoptosis and transcriptional levels in zebrafish at different developmental stages, so as to explore the effects of TPhP exposure on zebrafish neural development and the underlying molecular mechanisms. TPhP concentration gradient exposure reduced the survival rate, hatchability, heart rate, body length and eye distance of zebrafish embryos/larvae, and caused malformations of zebrafish larvae. TPhP also leads to abnormal locomotor behaviors, such as reduced swimming distance and swimming speed, and impaired panic avoidance reflex to high light stimulation. TPhP caused ROS accumulation in 96 hpf larvae and induced Nrf2-antioxidant response in zebrafish. In addition, TPhP further activated mitochondrial signaling pathways, which affected apoptosis in the zebrafish eye region, resulting in visual impairment. Neurodevelopmental (mbpa, syn2a, foxo3a and pax6a), Retinoid acid metabolism (cyp26a1, raraa, rbp5, rdh1, crabp1a and rbp2a) and apoptosis-related genes (bcl2a, baxa and casp9) revealed the molecular mechanism of abnormal behavior and phenotypic symptoms, and also indicated that 96 hpf larvae are more sensitive than 7 dpf larvae. Thus, in the present study, we revealed the neurotoxic effects of TPhP at different early life stages in zebrafish, and zebrafish locomotor behavior impairments induced by TPhP exposure are attributed to co-regulation of visuomotor dysfunction and neuro-related genes. These results suggest that the safety of TPhP in organisms and even in humans needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Henghui Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Yang W, Braun JM, Vuong AM, Percy Z, Xu Y, Xie C, Deka R, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Burris HH, Yolton K, Cecil KM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Associations of gestational exposure to organophosphate esters with gestational age and neonatal anthropometric measures: The HOME study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120516. [PMID: 36341822 PMCID: PMC9884151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are developmental toxicants in experimental studies of animals, but limited evidence is available in humans. We included 340 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) for the analysis. We evaluated gestational exposure to OPEs with gestation age at birth and newborn anthropometric measures. We quantified four OPE urinary metabolites at 16 weeks and 26 weeks of gestation. We extracted gestational age at birth, newborn weight, length, and head circumference from the chart review. We calculated z-scores for these anthropometric measures and the ponderal index. We used multiple informant models to examine the associations between repeated OPE measurements and the outcomes. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate the association of gestational exposure to OPEs with preterm birth. We also explored effect modification by infant sex and the potential mediation effect by the highest maternal blood pressure and glucose levels. We found that bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) at 16 weeks and diphenyl phosphate at 26 weeks of pregnancy were positively associated with gestational age and inversely associated with preterm birth. In female newborns, BCEP at 16 weeks was inversely related to birth weight and length z-scores. In male newborns, we observed negative associations of 26-week di-n-butyl phosphate with the ponderal index at birth. No mediation by the highest maternal blood pressure or glucose levels during pregnancy was identified. In this cohort, gestational exposure to some OPEs was associated with gestational age, preterm birth, and neonatal anthropometric measures. Certain associations tended to be window- and infant sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Wang X, Li F, Teng Y, Ji C, Wu H. Potential adverse outcome pathways with hazard identification of organophosphate esters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158093. [PMID: 35985583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data-driven analysis and pathway-based approaches contribute to reasonable arrangements of limited resources and laboratory tests for continuously emerging commercial chemicals, which provides opportunities to save time and effort for toxicity research. With the widespread usage of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on a global scale, the concentrations generally reached up to micromolar range in environmental media and even in organisms. However, potential adverse effects and toxicity pathways of OPEs have not been systematically assessed. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current situation, formulate the future research priorities, and characterize toxicity mechanisms via data-driven analysis. Results showed that the early toxicity studies focused on neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. Then the main focus shifted to the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, endocrine disruption, hepatocytes, reproductive and developmental toxicity to vulnerable sub-populations, such as infants and embryos, affected by OPEs. In addition, several novel OPEs have been emerging, such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)-phenyl phosphate (HDEHP) and oxidation derivatives (OPAsO) generated from organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs), leading to multiple potential ecological and human health risks (neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, etc.). Notably, in-depth statistical analysis was promising in encapsulating toxicological information to develop adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) frameworks. Subsequently, network-centric analysis and quantitative weight-of-evidence (QWOE) approaches were utilized to construct and evaluate the putative AOPs frameworks of OPEs, showing the moderate confidences of the developed AOPs. In addition, frameworks demonstrated that several events, such as nuclear receptor activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, were involved in multiple different adverse outcome (AO), and these AOs had certain degree of connectivity. This study brought new insights into facilitating the complement of AOP efficiently, as well as establishing toxicity pathways framework to inform risk assessment of emerging OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuefa Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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21
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Ding GH, Wang ZY, Chen JY, Wu QQ, Zhou YN. Comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of exposure to triphenyl phosphate in a bioindicator tadpole. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136242. [PMID: 36055589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) to aquatic organisms in surface waters has been demonstrated; However, an understanding of toxicity profiles of TPhP in amphibians is limited. Therefore, the adverse effects and threshold concentrations of TPhP on metamorphosis, growth, locomotion, and hepatic antioxidants of Gosner stage 25 Polypedates megacephalus tadpoles under long-term (35 d) exposure to six TPhP concentrations until complete metamorphosis were assessed. Additionally, the overall effect of using integrated multiple biomarkers were determined to demonstrate the potential ecological risks of waterborne TPhP at environmentally relevant concentrations in amphibian tadpoles. With increasing TPhP concentrations, physical parameters (snout-vent length, body mass, condition factor, and hepatic somatic index), jumping distance, hepatic catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities decreased, whereas metamorphosis time and malondialdehyde content increased. The threshold concentration of TPhP that affected the tadpole biomarker, except for metamorphosis rate and jumping distance, was 50-400 μg/L. Furthermore, the standardized scores of the examined integrated biomarkers in the six TPhP concentrations were visualized using radar plots and calculated as the integrated biomarker responses (IBRs). The varying TPhP concentrations had different scores in the radar plots, and the threshold for affecting the IBR value was 10 μg/L, which was close to the TPhP concentration in surface waters. Additionally, IBR values were strongly positively correlated with the TPhP concentrations. These findings indicate that environmentally relevant exposure to waterborne TPhP can pose an ecological risk to amphibian tadpoles. This study can serve as a reference and assist in the formulation of relevant policies and strategies to control TPhP pollution in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Ding
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Wang H, Lin X, He Z, Qian B, Sun L. Effects of adrenergic α-antagonists on the early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1485-1491. [PMID: 36385212 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has stimulated considerable research efforts into their potential ecotoxicological consequences. There are a number of pharmaceuticals targeting adrenergic receptors; however, relatively few studies have explored the effects of adrenergic α-antagonists (or α-blockers) on fish. In this study, moxisylyte was selected as a representative α-blocker, and Japanese medaka embryos were exposed to moxisylyte (1-625 μg/L) for 44 days. Moxisylyte caused no significant or only marginal effects on the mortality, development, and growth; however, most genes involved in detoxification and antioxidant were transcriptionally upregulated, and antioxidant enzymes activities were induced as well. Moxisylyte exposure resulted in transcriptional downregulation of most of the steroidogenesis genes, and accordingly, the mRNA levels of steroid hormone receptors and vitellogenin decreased, particularly in males, indicating that moxisylyte disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in a gender-specific manner. Therefore, the risk of α-blockers on fish should not be overlooked and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Xia Lin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Zepeng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Baoliu Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
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23
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Xiong X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xie J, Bian Y, Yin Q, Tong R, Yu D, Pan L. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA)-mediated ER stress crosstalk with autophagy is involved in tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate stress-induced cardiac fibrosis. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111972. [PMID: 36087434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) use in consumer products has been reported to increase human disease susceptibility. However, the adverse effects of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (a chlorinated alkyl OPFR) on the heart remain unknown. In this study, we tested whether cardiac fibrosis occurred in animal models of TCEP (10 mg/kg b.w./day) administered continuously by gavage for 30 days and evaluated the specific role of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). First, we confirmed that TCEP could trigger cardiac fibrosis by histopathological observation and cardiac fibrosis markers. We further verified that cardiac fibrosis occurred in animal models of TCEP exposure accompanied by SERCA2a, SERCA2b and SERCA2c downregulation. Notably, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed that the cardiac concentrations of Ca2+ increased by 45.3% after TCEP exposure. Using 4-Isopropoxy-N-(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)benzamide (CDN1163, a small molecule SERCA activator), we observed that Ca2+ overload and subsequent cardiac fibrosis caused by TCEP were both alleviated. Simultaneously, the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α)) were upregulated by TCEP, which could be abrogated by CDN1163 pretreatment. Furthermore, we observed that CDN1163 supplementation prevented overactive autophagy induced by TCEP in the heart. Mechanistically, TCEP could lead to Ca2+ overload by inhibiting the expression of SERCA, thereby triggering ER stress and overactive autophagy, eventually resulting in cardiac fibrosis. Together, our results suggest that the Ca2+ overload/ER stress/autophagy axis can act as a driver of cardiotoxicity induced by TCEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Lingai Pan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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24
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Yan Z, Feng C, Jin X, Wang F, Liu C, Li N, Qiao Y, Bai Y, Wu F, Giesy JP. Organophosphate esters cause thyroid dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways in zebrafish brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 12:100198. [PMID: 36157343 PMCID: PMC9500371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widespread in various environmental media, and can disrupt thyroid endocrine signaling pathways. Mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) signal transduction are not fully understood. Here, we present in vivo-in vitro-in silico evidence establishing OPEs as environmental THs competitively entering the brain to inhibit growth of zebrafish via multiple signaling pathways. OPEs can bind to transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine-binding globulin, thereby affecting the transport of TH in the blood, and to the brain by TTR through the blood-brain barrier. When GH3 cells were exposed to OPEs, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited given that OPEs are competitive inhibitors of TH. Cresyl diphenyl phosphate was shown to be an effective antagonist of TH. Chronic exposure to OPEs significantly inhibited the growth of zebrafish by interfering with thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin to inhibit TH synthesis. Based on comparisons of modulations of gene expression with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, signaling pathways related to thyroid endocrine functions, such as receptor-ligand binding and regulation of hormone levels, were identified as being affected by exposure to OPEs. Effects were also associated with the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid pathways in zebrafish.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BCF, bioconcentration factor
- BFR, brominated flame retardant
- CD-FBS, charcoal-dextran-treated fetal bovine serum
- CDP, cresyl diphenyl phosphate
- Competitive inhibition assay
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DKA, β-diketone antibiotic
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EAS, estrogen
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HPLC-MS/MS, high-performance liquid chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer
- HPT, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid
- HS, horse serum
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Molecular docking simulation
- NIS, Na+/I− symporter
- OD490, optical density
- OPE, organophosphate ester
- OPFR, organophosphate flame retardant
- Organophosphate ester
- P/S, penicillin–streptomycin
- PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RIC20/50, concentration inhibiting 20%/50%
- T4, thyroxin
- TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin
- TCIPP, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate
- TDCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)
- TDCIPP-d15, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate-D15
- TG, thyroglobulin
- TH, thyroid hormone
- THR, thyroid hormone receptor
- TIPP, tris(isopropyl) phosphate
- TPHP, triphenyl phosphate
- TPO, thyroperoxidase
- TRβ, thyroid hormone receptor β
- TTR, transthyretin
- Thyroid endocrine function
- Transcriptome sequencing
- androgen, and steroidogenesis
- cga, glycoprotein hormone
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- tshβa, thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit a
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - John P. Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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25
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Lei M, Ge F, Wu T, Duan X, Shi Z, Zheng H. A stable Cd-MOF as a dual-responsive luminescent biosensor for the determination of urinary diphenyl phosphate and hippuric acid as biomarkers for human triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14924-14929. [PMID: 36106946 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate determination of biomarkers of human poisoning in real urine is of great significance for the assessment of health status. Herein, a luminescent urea-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF), {[Cd(L)0.5(bpbix)]·x(solv)}n (1) (H4L = 5,5'-(((naphthalene-1,5-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid; bpbix = 4,4'-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)biphenyl), has been successfully synthesized, and exhibits good stability in aqueous solutions in the normal urinary pH range and real urine. Complex 1 can serve as a dual-responsive luminescent biosensor for the detection of diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and hippuric acid (HA) as biomarkers of flame retardant triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning, and shows the advantages of high sensitivity, rapid response, good anti-interference capability, and reversibility. More significantly, complex 1 is successfully applied to the sensitive and accurate detection of DPP and HA in real urine with satisfactory recoveries. This work presents a dual-responsive luminescent MOF-based biosensor for simple, rapid, accurate, and reversible determination of urinary DPP and HA, which has promising application potential for the diagnosis of diseases related to triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Fayuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xinde Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Hegen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Atrazine Exposure Induces Hepatic Metabolism Disorder in Male Adult Zebrafish. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070400. [PMID: 35878305 PMCID: PMC9323832 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a herbicide used in agricultural production and has been detected in surface water due to its widespread use worldwide. This may pose a threat to the health of aquatic animals. To explore the ATZ−induced hepatic metabolism disorder, male zebrafish were exposed to 300 and 1000 μg/L ATZ for 21 days, respectively. The results revealed that ATZ exposure significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, while significantly (p < 0.05) increased pyruvate (PYR) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. In addition, the liver sample from the 1000 μg/L ATZ−treated group was used for GC/MS metabolomic analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) model showed significant separation of the 1000 μg/L ATZ group from the control group, indicating that ATZ exposure altered hepatic metabolism in male adult zebrafish. A total of 29 significantly (p < 0.05) different metabolites were observed and identified in the ATZ−treated group. Moreover, the most disturbed pathways by ATZ were the arginine and proline metabolic pathways, followed by the glutathione metabolic pathway. Three and two metabolites were significantly altered in the arginine and proline metabolic pathways and glutathione metabolic pathway, respectively. Based on these results, we suggested that ATZ was capable of altering liver metabolism in zebrafish and that its ecological risk to aquatic organisms cannot be ignored.
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Chen Z, An C, Elektorowicz M, Tian X. Sources, behaviors, transformations, and environmental risks of organophosphate esters in the coastal environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113779. [PMID: 35635887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the global production of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has resulted in their high environmental concentrations. The low removal rate of OPEs makes the effluents of wastewater treatment plants be one of the major sources of OPEs. Due to relatively high solubility and mobility, OPEs can be carried to the coastal environment through river discharge and atmospheric deposition. Therefore, the coastal environment can be an important OPE sink. Previous studies have shown that OPEs were widely detected in coastal atmospheres, water, sediments, and even aquatic organisms. OPEs can undergo various environmental processes in the coastal environment, including adsorption/desorption, air-water exchange, and degradation. In addition, bioaccumulation of OPEs was observed in coastal biota but current concentrations would not cause significant ecological risks. More efforts are required to understand the environmental behaviors of OPEs and address resultant environmental and health risks, especially in the complicated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Maria Elektorowicz
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Xuelin Tian
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
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Lv J, Guo C, Luo Y, Liu Y, Deng Y, Sun S, Xu J. Spatial distribution, receptor modelling and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water from the largest freshwater lake in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113618. [PMID: 35551044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has become a global concern in recent years. This study investigated the occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential sources of thirteen OPEs and their associated ecological and human health risks in water samples from the largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake, together with its five major inflow rivers and the water channel to Yangtze River. The total OPEs concentrations ranged from 38.44 ng/L to 428.94 ng/L, and the largest tributary Ganjiang River was much more polluted than other rivers. Chlorinated OPEs, such as tris (1-chloro‑2-propyl) phosphate and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate occupied the dominant composition of OPEs in the research area. Principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, positive matrix factorization, and correlation analysis were used to apportion the potential sources of OPEs in surface water. The combined contribution of polyvinyl chloride, polyester resins, and polyurethane foam (68.64%), antifoam agent and hydraulic fluids (21.50%), and the release of decorative materials and electric equipment from indoor (9.86%) were identified as the OPEs sources in the study region. The risk quotients (RQs) showed the ecological risk was negligible, but 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate exposures posed medium ecological risk to aquatic organisms. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the target OPEs were below the theoretical risk threshold values, however, toddlers were much more sensitive to the OPEs exposure in surface water than teenagers and adults. Oral ingestion was the principal exposure pathway, and the health risk via oral ingestion was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than dermal contact exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Hu F, Zhao Y, Dong F, Wang H, Zheng M, Zhang W, Chen X. Insights into the mechanisms of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate-induced growth inhibition in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 247:106170. [PMID: 35468409 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual elimination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the production and application of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), as a substitute of BFRs, has increased greatly. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively explore the potential adverse effects of TCEP on fish growth and the possible underlying mechanisms. To this end, juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP (0, 1, 10 and 100 µg/L) for 30 days. The results showed that exposure to high concentrations of TCEP (10 and 100 µg/L) significantly decreased body weight, body length and specific growth rate (SGR). Plasma IGF-I levels and hepatic mRNA levels of igf1 and igf1r were all reduced, while the transcriptional levels of IGFBPs (igfbp2, igfbp3, igfbp5) were significantly up-regulated in the liver of yellow catfish under exposure to 10 and 100 µg/L TCEP. TCEP-induced growth inhibition might be related to somatostatin (SS) signaling system, as evidenced by elevated mRNA transcriptions of ss in brain and its receptors (sstr2, sstr3, sstr5) in liver. In addition, fish exposed to high concentrations of TCEP displayed multiple histological alterations in liver. Taken together, these findings suggested that TCEP (>10 µg/L) might exert its inhibitory effect on fish growth through interfering with the GH/IGF axis and SS signaling system, and by impairing hepatic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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30
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Wan T, Au DWT, Mo J, Chen L, Cheung KM, Kong RYC, Seemann F. Assessment of parental benzo[a]pyrene exposure-induced cross-generational neurotoxicity and changes in offspring sperm DNA methylome in medaka fish. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac013. [PMID: 35769199 PMCID: PMC9233418 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that DNA methylation changes could serve as potential genomic markers for environmental benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and intergenerational inheritance of various physiological impairments (e.g. obesity and reproductive pathologies). As a typical aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant, direct BaP exposure has been shown to induce neurotoxicity. To unravel the inheritance mechanisms of the BaP-induced bone phenotype in freshwater medaka, we conducted whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of F1 sperm and identified 776 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that DMGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with neuronal development and function. Therefore, it was hypothesized that parental BaP exposure (1 μg/l, 21 days) causes offspring neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the possibility for sperm methylation as an indicator for a neurotoxic phenotype was investigated. The F0 adult brains and F1 larvae were analyzed for BaP-induced direct and inherited toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in the larvae, together with decreased swimming velocity. Molecular analysis revealed that the marker genes associated with neuron development and growth (alpha1-tubulin, mbp, syn2a, shh, and gap43) as well as brain development (dlx2, otx2, and krox-20) were universally downregulated in the F1 larvae (3 days post-hatching). While parental BaP exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration could induce neurotoxicity in the developing larvae, the brain function of the exposed F0 adults was unaffected. This indicates that developmental neurotoxicity in larvae may result from impaired neuronal development and differentiation, causing delayed brain growth. The present study demonstrates that the possible adverse health effects of BaP in the environment are more extensive than currently understood. Thus, the possibility of multigenerational BaP toxicity should be included in environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Doris Wai-Ting Au
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kwok-Ming Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Yuen-Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- South Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frauke Seemann
- *Correspondence address. Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA. Tel: +1-361-825-2683; Fax: +1 (361) 825-2742;
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31
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Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Hormetic dose responses induced by organic flame retardants in aquatic animals: Occurrence and quantification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153295. [PMID: 35065129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic flame retardants (OFRs) have attracted global concerns due to their potential toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. Hormesis refers to a biphasic dose response, characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study provided substantial evidence for the widespread occurrence of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals, including 202 hormetic dose response relationships. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly lower than 160% of the control response, with a combined value of 134%. Furthermore, the magnitude of MAX varied significantly among multiple factors and their interactions, such as chemical types and taxonomic groups. Moreover, the distance from the dose of MAX to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) (NOAEL: MAX) was typically below 10-fold (median = 6-fold), while the width of the hormetic zone (from the lowest dose inducing hormesis to the NOAEL) was approximately 20-fold. Collectively, the quantitative features of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals were in accordance with the broader hormetic literature. In addition, the implications of hormetic dose response model for the risk assessment of OFRs were discussed. This study offered a novel insight for understanding the biological effects of low-to-high doses of OFRs on aquatic animals and assessing the potential risks of OFRs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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32
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Meng Y, Xu X, Xie G, Zhang Y, Chen S, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Yin D. Alkyl organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) induce lung inflammation and aggravate OVA-simulated asthmatic response via the NF-кB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107209. [PMID: 35358787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), are ubiquitously detected in indoor and outdoor environments and their inhalation may result in lung damage. This study examined pulmonary toxicity after exposure to TnBP or TBOEP and investigated aggravation of inflammation and immunoreaction by TnBP in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice model. Transcriptomics were used to further reveal the underlying mechanism. Exposure to TnBP or TBOEP resulted in pathological damage, including edema and thickened alveolar septum. In comparison with the control, enhanced levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01 in TnBP (High) group and p < 0.05 in TBOEP (High) group), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01), and cytokines under a dose-dependent relationship were noted, and the expression of the Fkbp5/Nos3/MAPK/NF-кB signaling pathway (p < 0.01) was upregulated in the TnBP and TBOEP groups. Moreover, the combined exposure of TnBP and OVA exacerbated the allergic inflammatory response, including airway hyperresponsiveness, leukocytosis, cellular exudation and infiltration, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and higher expression of IgE (p < 0.01). Transcriptomics results demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt/NF-кB signal pathway was involved in TnBP-aggravated asthmatic mice. Exposure to TnBP or TBOEP resulted in oxidative damage and leukocyte-induced lung injury. TnBP can further facilitate OVA-induced asthma through an inflammatory response. This study is the first to reveal the pulmonary toxicity and potential mechanism induced by OPFRs through an in-vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangming Xie
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang YT, Chen R, Wang F, Huang Z, He S, Chen J, Mu J. Potential involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152945. [PMID: 35007605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a prevalent pollutant in the aquatic environment, has been reported to induce neurotoxicity (e.g., a suppression in locomotor activity) in fish larvae, posing a great threat to fish populations. However, the underlying mechanism was not fully revealed. In this study, the Oryzias melastigma larvae (21 dph) were exposed to waterborne TPhP (20 and 100 μg/L) for 7 days and a decreased locomotor activity was found. After exposure, the brain transcriptome and communities of gut microbiota were investigated to explore the potential mechanism underlying the suppressed locomotor activity by TPhP. The results showed that 1160 genes in the brain were dysregulated by TPhP, of which 24 genes were identified as being highly associated with the neural function and development (including nerve regeneration, neuronal growth and differentiation, brain ion homeostasis, production of neurotransmitters and etc), suggesting a general impairment in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, TPhP caused disorders in the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which can influence the brain functions of host via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, were significantly altered by TPhP. Furthermore, the Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed positive correlations between the intestinal genera Ruegeria, Roseivivax and Nautella and the dysregulated brain genes by TPhP. These results suggest that TPhP might impair the central nervous system of the O. melastigma larvae not only directly but also through the microbiota-gut-axis (indirectly), contributing to the suppressed locomotor activity. These findings enrich our mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of TPhP in fish larvae and shed preliminary light on the involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Zhang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruanni Chen
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Feipeng Wang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuiqing He
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Lin J, Zhang L, Guo C, Feng S, Gao T. Inter-annual variation and comprehensive evaluation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113440. [PMID: 35183022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the extensive production and continuous usage of organophosphate esters (OPEs) around the urbanized coasts in recent years, the inter-annual variation and the ecological risks of OPEs in the Yellow Sea (YS), China were systematically evaluated in summer 2015 and 2019. The major component of OPEs, halogenated-OPEs in 78 surface and bottom seawater samples collected from 39 locations in the YS in 2019 were compared with 62 samples at 31 sites conducted in the same periods and similar stations in 2015. The average concentration of halogenated-OPEs increased 1.57, 2.50 folds in the surface and bottom seawater, respectively, in recent 5 years. The proportion of TCPP to halogenated-OPEs exhibited an increasing trend from 56.49% in 2015 to 79.95% in 2019. The peak values of halogenated-OPEs changed from the nearshore regions (33°N-38°N) in 2015 to the nearshore and offshore regions (33°N-35°N) in 2019, implying the growing terrigenous emission sources, especially some large OPEs producers nearby the coastal zones in the northern area of Jiangsu province. The targeted halogenated-OPEs posed no significant or low ecological risks to the aquatic organisms in 2015 and 2019, however, the values of RQ showed an elevated trend in 2019. Therefore, the ecological risks of OPEs in this region still need continuous concern due to the gradually increasing OPEs usage and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lin
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Institute of Humanities and Social Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lutao Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Song Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Teng Gao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Institute of Humanities and Social Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Neuparth T, Alves N, Machado AM, Pinheiro M, Montes R, Rodil R, Barros S, Ruivo R, Castro LFC, Quintana JB, Santos MM. Neuroendocrine pathways at risk? Simvastatin induces inter and transgenerational disruption in the keystone amphipod Gammarus locusta. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 244:106095. [PMID: 35121565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary focus of environmental toxicological studies is to address the direct effects of chemicals on exposed organisms (parental generation - F0), mostly overlooking effects on subsequent non-exposed generations (F1 and F2 - intergenerational and F3 transgenerational, respectively). Here, we addressed the effects of simvastatin (SIM), one of the most widely prescribed human pharmaceuticals for the primary treatment of hypercholesterolemia, using the keystone crustacean Gammarus locusta. We demonstrate that SIM, at environmentally relevant concentrations, has significant inter and transgenerational (F1 and F3) effects in key signaling pathways involved in crustaceans' neuroendocrine regulation (Ecdysteroids, Catecholamines, NO/cGMP/PKG, GABAergic and Cholinergic signaling pathways), concomitantly with changes in apical endpoints, such as depressed reproduction and growth. These findings are an essential step to improve hazard and risk assessment of biological active compounds, such as SIM, and highlight the importance of studying the transgenerational effects of environmental chemicals in animals' neuroendocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - N Alves
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Machado
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pinheiro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Barros
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Quinta de Prados - Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais C1.10, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Ruivo
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R. Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Feng M, Zhou J, Yu X, Mao W, Guo Y, Wang H. Insights into biodegradation mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate by a novel fungal isolate and its potential in bioremediation of contaminated river sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127545. [PMID: 34879531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 isolated from soil was verified to be a novel triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) degrader. Biodegradation efficiency of TPhP by Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 exceeded 90% within 6 days under the optimal conditions (pH 4-9, 30 ℃, initial concentration less than 20 mg/L). Proteomics analysis uncovered the proteins perhaps involved in hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation and sulfonation of TPhP and the primary intracellular adaptive responses of Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 to TPhP stress. The expression of carboxylic ester hydrolase along with several thioredoxin- and glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases were induced to withstand the toxicity of TPhP. The presence of TPhP also caused obvious upregulation of proteins concerned with glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Data from toxicological tests confirmed that the cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of TPhP was effectively decreased after treatment with Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1. Additionally, bioaugmentation with Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 was available for promoting TPhP removal in real water and water-sediment system. Collectively, the present study offered a deeper insight into the biodegradation mechanism and pathway of TPhP by a newly screened fungal strain Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 and validated the feasibility of applying this novel degrader in the bioremediation of TPhP-polluted matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agroenvironmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yushuo Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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Liu Q, Tang X, Zhang X, Tong X, Sun Z, Zhang X. Mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Targeting chloroplast and mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118670. [PMID: 34902529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) has been widely detected in various environmental media, including seawater, threatening the survival of marine organisms, especially marine planktic algae that are directly exposed to contamination. However, the hazard potential of TPhP on marine algae has not been studied thoroughly and systematically. In this study, a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was treated with three concentrations of TPhP (0.08, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L), and after 24 h of exposure, population growth, ultrastructure, physiology and transcriptome changes were investigated. The results reflected that TPhP suppressed the population growth of algae in a concentration-dependent manner, and the 24-h EC50 value was 1.27 mg/L. At all test concentrations, P. tricornutum could absorb more than 70% of TPhP from seawater over 24 h. Ultrastructural observations suggested a distorted lamellar structure with higher TPhP treatments, and the contents of chlorophyll and its precursors were also altered, as were photosynthetic activities. Moreover, 0.8 mg/L TPhP decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, induced ROS overproduction and disrupted the cell membrane permeability of algal cells. At the transcriptomic level, some differentially expressed genes were enriched in photosynthetic electron transport, carbon fixation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, the TCA cycle and mitochondrial glycolysis. Additionally, 0.8 mg/L TPhP inhibited lipid de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that it may target organelle membranes, thereby contributing to functional defects. Chloroplasts and mitochondria were interpreted to be the subcellular targets of TPhP in P. tricornutum. These data promote the understanding of the toxic action mode of TPhP toward marine diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Qiu SQ, Huang GY, Fang GZ, Li XP, Lei DQ, Shi WJ, Xie L, Ying GG. Chemical characteristics and toxicological effects of leachates from plastics under simulated seawater and fish digest. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117892. [PMID: 34861434 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the ecological risks of plastics to marine environments and organisms have attracted increasing attention, especially the leachates from plastics. However, a comprehensive knowledge about the leaching characteristics and subsequent toxicological effects of leachates is still sparse. In this study, 15 different plastic products were immersed in simulated seawater and fish digest for 16 h. The leachates were analyzed through non-target and target analyses and their toxicological signatures were assessed by bioassays. In total, 240 additives were identified from the plastic leachates, among which plasticizers represented the most (16.7%), followed by antioxidants (8.7%) and flame retardants (7.1%). Approximately 40% of plastic leachates exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the bioluminescence using a recombinant luminescent assay. In addition, both the hyperactive and hypoactive behaviors were displayed in the larvae of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) exposed to some plastic leachates. In general, the number and amount of identified compounds under simulated fish digest were less than those under simulated seawater. However, the simulated fish digest leachates triggered higher toxicity. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that identified additives did not adequately explain the toxicological effects. Future research should focus on the identification of more additives in the plastic leachates and their potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Gui-Zhen Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Dietary Exposure to Flame Retardant Tris (2-Butoxyethyl) Phosphate Altered Neurobehavior and Neuroinflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020655. [PMID: 35054842 PMCID: PMC8775746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and used as a plasticizer in various household products such as plastics, floor polish, varnish, textiles, furniture, and electronic equipment. However, little is known about the effects of TBEP on the brain and behavior. We aimed to examine the effects of dietary exposure of TBEP on memory functions, their-related genes, and inflammatory molecular markers in the brain of allergic asthmatic mouse models. C3H/HeJSlc male mice were given diet containing TBEP (0.02 (TBEP-L), 0.2 (TBEP-M), or 2 (TBEP-H) μg/kg/day) and ovalbumin (OVA) intratracheally every other week from 5 to 11 weeks old. A novel object recognition test was conducted in each mouse at 11 weeks old. The hippocampi were collected to detect neurological, glia, and immunological molecular markers using the real-time RT-PCR method and immunohistochemical analyses. Mast cells and microglia were examined by toluidine blue staining and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)-1 immunoreactivity, respectively. Impaired discrimination ability was observed in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. The mRNA expression levels of N-methyl-D aspartate receptor subunits Nr1 and Nr2b, inflammatory molecular markers tumor necrosis factor-α oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase 1, microglia marker Iba1, and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly increased in TBEP-H-exposed mice with or without allergen. Microglia and mast cells activation were remarkable in TBEP-H-exposed allergic asthmatic mice. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to TBEP with or without allergen impaired object recognition ability accompanied with alteration of molecular expression of neuronal and glial markers and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of mice. Neuron-glia-mast cells interaction may play a role in TBEP-induced neurobehavioral toxicity.
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Fan B, Dai L, Liu C, Sun Q, Yu L. Nano-TiO 2 aggravates bioaccumulation and developmental neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132161. [PMID: 34562708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish larvae as well as the underlying mechanisms. With this regard, zebrafish embryos were exposed to nano-TiO2 of 100 μg·L-1, TPhP of 0, 8, 24, 72, and 144 μg·L-1, or their combinations until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results indicated 100 μg·L-1 nano-TiO2 alone to be nontoxic to zebrafish larvae. However, obvious developmental toxicity manifested as inhibition of surviving rate, heart rate and body length as well as increased malformation was observed in the higher concentrations of TPhP (72 and 144 μg·L-1) alone and the co-exposure groups. Additionally, results suggested that nano-TiO2 significantly enhanced the bioaccumulation of TPhP in zebtafish larvae, and thus aggravated the abnormities of spontaneous movement and swimming behavior in zebrafish larvae induced by TPhP. Nano-TiO2 also exacerbated the TPhP-induced inhibition of the axonal growth on the secondary motor neuron, and aggravated the TPhP-induced decrease on expressions of neuron-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) and neuronal marker genes (ngn1 and elavl3). Further, the content of neurotransmitter serotonin was not altered by TPhP alone exposure, but was decreased significantly in the co-exposure group of 144 μg·L-1 TPhP and nano-TiO2. Our data indicated that nano-TiO2 might aggravate the neuron abnormities and serotonin system dysfunction by enhancing the TPhP accumulation, leading to exacerbated abnormal locomotors in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Feng M, Zhou J, Yu X, Wang H, Guo Y, Mao W. Bioremediation of triphenyl phosphate by Pycnoporus sanguineus: Metabolic pathway, proteomic mechanism and biotoxicity assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125983. [PMID: 33975170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
So far, no information about the biodegradability of TPhP by white rot fungi has previously been made available, herein, Pycnoporus sanguineus was used as the representative to investigate the potential of white rot fungi in TPhP bioremediation. The results suggested that the biodegradation efficiency of 5 mg/L TPhP by P. sanguineus was 62.84% when pH was adjusted to 6 and initial glucose concentration was 5 g/L. Seven biodegradation products were identified, indicating that TPhP was biotransformed through oxidative cleavage, hydroxylation and methylation. The proteomic analysis revealed that cytochrome P450s, aromatic compound dioxygenase, oxidizing species-generating enzymes, methyltransferases and MFS general substrate transporters might occupy important roles in TPhP biotransformation. Carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase were induced to resist TPhP stress. The biotreatment by P. sanguineus contributed to a remarkable decrease of TPhP biotoxicity. Bioaugmentation with P. sanguineus could efficiently promote TPhP biodegradation in the water-sediment system due to the cooperation between P. sanguineus and some putative indigenous degraders, including Sphingobium, Burkholderia, Mycobacterium and Methylobacterium. Overall, this study provided the first insights into the degradation pathway, mechanism and security risk assessment of TPhP biodegradation by P. sanguineus and verified the feasibility of utilizing this fungus for TPhP bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yushuo Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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Li S, Zhu F, Zhang D, Li C, Xu Y, Qing D, Wang J. Seasonal concentration variation and potential influencing factors of organophosphorus flame retardants in a wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111318. [PMID: 34019897 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in both of water and sludge phase of influent and effluent of the STP were investigated in Beijing of China in five seasons. Total OPFRs concentrations in water phase of influent in five seasons were between 600 and 838 ng/L, where total OPFRs concentration was the lowest in summer of 2018. In water phase of influent and effluent, two chlorinated OPFRs (TCEP and TCPP) were major. Alkyl OPFRs decreased the most in water phase from influent to effluent. In sludge phase, the OPFRs amounts in winter were the lowest. The main OPFRs in sludge phase were TEHP and EHDP, which can be explained by the two OPFRs properties (log Kow and log Koc). Higher the values of the log Kow and log Koc of OPFRs, more amounts in sludge phase. The mass flow of OPFRs in influent were analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), indicating that the influent amounts of TCEP, TDCP, TCPP and DCP were main OPFRs in four seasons to influence the characteristics of influent. Compared to OPFRs reduction in some STPs in other countries, alkyl and aryl OPFRs reduction rates were higher than chlorinated OPFRs. TBEP, TEHP and TPHP can always be effectively removed in different seasons and different STPs. The analysis methods of Pearson correlation and linear correlation were processed to check the possible factors affecting OPFRs reduction in STP. OPFRs reduction was related to some STP working parameters. Significant correlation also was found between OPFRs properties and reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Li
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancundajie Road, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancundajie Road, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Dongrui Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancundajie Road, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancundajie Road, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dahan Qing
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Research Center, Beijing Drainage Group, Beijing, 100124, China
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Seralini GE, Jungers G. Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1538-1557. [PMID: 34430217 PMCID: PMC8365328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruption (ED) and endocrine disruptors (EDs) emerged as scientific concepts in 1995, after numerous chemical pollutants were found to be responsible for reproductive dysfunction. The World Health Organization established in the United Nations Environment Programme a list of materials, plasticizers, pesticides, and various pollutants synthesized from petrochemistry that impact not only reproduction, but also hormonal functions, directly or indirectly. Cells communicate via either chemical or electrical signals transmitted within the endocrine or nervous systems. To investigate whether hormone disruptors may also interfere directly or indirectly with the development or functioning of the nervous system through either a neuroendocrine or a more general mechanism, we examined the scientific literature to ascertain the effects of EDs on the nervous system, specifically in the categories of neurotoxicity, cognition, and behaviour. To date, we demonstrated that all of the 177 EDs identified internationally by WHO are known to have an impact on the nervous system. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying this neurodisruption have also been established. It was previously believed that EDs primarily function via the thyroid. However, this study presents substantial evidence that approximately 80 % of EDs operate via other mechanisms. It thus outlines a novel concept: EDs are also neurodisruptors (NDs) and can be collectively termed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs). Most of ENDs are derived from petroleum residues, and their various mechanisms of action are similar to those of "spam" in electronic communications technologies. Therefore, ENDs can be considered as an instance of spam in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles-Eric Seralini
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Gerald Jungers
- University of Caen Normandy, Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Sciences, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
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Shi Q, Guo W, Shen Q, Han J, Lei L, Chen L, Yang L, Feng C, Zhou B. In vitro biolayer interferometry analysis of acetylcholinesterase as a potential target of aryl-organophosphorus flame-retardants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124999. [PMID: 33454525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have been implicated as neurotoxicants, but their potential neurotoxicity and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the neurotoxicity of selected OPFRs using zebrafish as a model organism. Environmentally relevant concentrations (3-1500 nM) of three classes of OPFRs (aryl-OPFRs, chlorinated-OPFRs, and alkyl-OPFRs) were tested in zebrafish larvae (2-144 h post-fertilisation) alongside the neurotoxic chemical chlorpyrifos (CPF) that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Exposure to aryl-OPFRs and CPF inhibited AChE activities, while chlorinated- and alkyl-OPFRs did not inhibit these enzymes. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) was used to probe interactions between OPFRs and AChE. The association and dissociation response curves showed that, like CPF, all three selected aryl-OPFRs, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP), bound directly to AChE. The affinity constant (KD) for TPHP, TCP, CDP and CPF was 2.18 × 10-4, 5.47 × 10-5, 1.05 × 10-4 and 1.70 × 10-5 M, respectively. In addition, molecular docking revealed that TPHP, TCP, CDP and CPF bound to AChE with glide scores of - 7.8, - 8.3, - 8.1 and - 7.3, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated binding affinity between OPFRs and AChE correlated well with the KD values measured by BLI. The present study revealed that aryl-OPFRs can act as potent AChE inhibitors, and may therefore present a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qiancheng Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Zhang YT, Chen M, He S, Fang C, Chen M, Li D, Wu D, Chernick M, Hinton DE, Bo J, Xie L, Mu J. Microplastics decrease the toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143040. [PMID: 33129518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been recognized as a serious threat to the environment. Besides their own toxicity, microplastics can interact with other environmental pollutants, acting as carriers and potentially modulating their toxicity. In this study, the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastic fragments (plain PS; carboxylated PS, PS-COOH and aminated PS, PS-NH2) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) (an emerging organophosphate flame retardant) at the environmentally relevant concentrations to the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae was investigated. Larvae were exposed to 20 μg/L of microplastic fragments or 20 and 100 μg/L of TPhP or a combination of both for 7 days. The results showed that the three microplastics did not affect the larval locomotor activity. For TPhP, the larval moving duration and distance moved were significantly decreased by the TPhP exposure, with a maximum decrease of 43.5% and 59.4% respectively. Exposure to 100 μg/L TPhP respectively down-regulated the expression levels of sine oculis homeobox homologue 3 (six3) and short wavelength-sensitive type 2 (sws2) by 19.1% and 41.7%, suggesting that TPhP might disturb eye development and photoreception and consequently the low locomotor activity in the larvae. Interestingly, during the binary mixture exposure, the presence of PS, PS-COOH or PS-NH2 reversed the low locomotor activity induced by 100 μg/L TPhP to the normal level. Relative to the larvae from the 100 μg/L TPhP group, the movement duration and distance moved were increased by approximately 60% and 100%, respectively, in the larvae from the TPhP + PS, TPhP + PS-COOH and TPhP + PS-NH2 groups. However, the gene expression profiles were distinct among the fish from the TPhP + PS, TPhP + PS-COOH and TPhP + PS-NH2 groups, implying different mechanisms underlying the reversal of the locomotor activity. The findings in this study challenge the general view that microplastics aggravate the toxicity of the adsorbed pollutants, and help better understand the environmental risk of microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuiqing He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicant and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Yan Z, Feng C, Jin X, Liu D, Hong Y, Qiao Y, Bai Y, Moon HB, Qadeer A, Wu F. In vitro metabolic kinetics of cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) in liver microsomes of crucian carp (Carassius carassius). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116586. [PMID: 33529897 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP), as a kind of aryl substituted organophosphate esters (OPEs), is commonly used as emerging flame retardants and plasticizers detected in environmental media. Due to the accumulation of CDP in organisms, it is very important to discover the toxicological mechanism and metabolic process of CDP. Hence, liver microsomes of crucian carps (Carassius carassius) were prepared for in vitro metabolism kinetics assay to estimate metabolism rates of CDP. After 140 min incubation, the depletion of CDP accounted for 58.1%-77.1% (expect 0.5 and 2 μM) of the administrated concentrations. The depletion rates were best fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model (R2 = 0.995), where maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) were 12,700 ± 2120 pmol min-1·mg-1 protein and 1030 ± 212 μM, respectively. Moreover, the in vitro hepatic clearance (CLint) of CDP was 12.3 μL min-1·mg-1 protein. Log Kow and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of aryl-OPEs were both higher than those of alkyl- and chlorinated-OPEs, indicating that CDP may easily accumulate in aquatic organisms. The results made clear that the metabolism rate of CDP was greater than those of other OPEs detected in liver microsomes in previous research. This paper was first of its kind to comprehensively investigate the in vitro metabolic kinetics of CDP in fish liver microsomes. The present study might provide useful information to understand the environmental fate and metabolic processes of these kinds of substances, and also provide a theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Hu F, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Yin L, Dong F, Zhang W, Chen X. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103600. [PMID: 33508468 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) has been received great concerns because of its increasing presence in various environmental compartments and toxicity. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCEP (0.2, 2, 20, 200 μg/L) from 3 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that TCEP exposure (20, 200 μg/L) led to developmental toxicity including decreased body length and delay of hatching. Treatment with TCEP significantly decreased whole-body thyroxine (T4) levels and mRNA level of thyroglobulin (tg), and enhanced transcriptions of genes sodium/iodide symporter (nis), thyroid hormone receptor α (trα) and ugt1ab involved in thyroid synthesis and metabolism, respectively. Additionally, TCEP altered the transcription of α1-tubulin, gap43 and mbp related to nervous system development, even at relatively low concentrations. Overall, our results revealed that TCEP exposure can lead to developmental toxicity, thyroid endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity on early developmental stages of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feilong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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48
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Luo D, Liu W, Wu W, Tao Y, Hu L, Wang L, Yu M, Zhou A, Covaci A, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y, Mei S. Trimester-specific effects of maternal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants on offspring size at birth: A prospective cohort study in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124754. [PMID: 33310325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are substantially applied as flame retardants and plasticizers in consumer products. Although the embryonic developmental toxicity of OPFRs has been reported, human data are limited and the critical windows of susceptibility to OPFRs exposure urgently need to be identified. Here, we investigated the trimester-specific associations between prenatal OPFR exposure and birth size for the first time. The concentrations of 15 OPFR metabolites and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate were repeatedly determined in urine samples of 213 pregnant women collected in the first, second, and third trimesters in Wuhan, China, and anthropometric data were retrieved from medical records. In multiple informant models, urinary concentrations of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) in the third trimester, 4-hydroxyphenyl-diphenyl phosphate (4-HO-DPHP) in the second trimester, and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in the first trimester were negatively associated with birth weight, among which a significant difference in exposure-effect relationships across the three trimesters was observed for BDCIPP. BBOEP concentrations in the third trimester were negatively correlated to birth length with significant varying exposure effects. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to certain OPFRs may impair fetal growth, and the fetus is vulnerable to the developmental toxicity of BDCIPP and BBOEP in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Schmidt N, Castro-Jiménez J, Oursel B, Sempéré R. Phthalates and organophosphate esters in surface water, sediments and zooplankton of the NW Mediterranean Sea: Exploring links with microplastic abundance and accumulation in the marine food web. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115970. [PMID: 33168380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface seawater, sediment and zooplankton samples were collected from three different sampling stations in Marseille Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea) and were analyzed for both microplastics and organic plastic additives including seven phthalates (PAEs) and nine organophosphate esters (OPEs). PAE concentrations ranged from 100 to 527 ng L-1 (mean 191 ± 123 ng L-1) in seawater, 12-610 ng g-1 dw (mean 194 ± 193 ng g-1 dw) in sediment and 0.9-47 μg g-1 dw (mean 7.2 ± 10 μg g-1 dw) in zooplankton, whereas OPE concentrations varied between 9 and 1013 ng L-1 (mean 243 ± 327 ng L-1) in seawater, 13-49 ng g-1 dw (mean 25 ± 11 ng g-1 dw) in sediment and 0.4-4.6 μg g-1 dw (mean 1.6 ± 1.0 μg g-1 dw) in zooplankton. Microplastic counts in seawater ranged from 0 to 0.3 items m-3 (mean 0.05 ± 0.05 items m-3). We observed high fluctuations in contaminant concentrations in zooplankton between different sampling events. However, the smallest zooplankton size class generally exhibited the highest PAE and OPE concentrations. Field-derived bioconcentration factors (BCFs) showed that certain compounds are prone to bioaccumulate in zooplankton, including some of the most widely used chlorinated OPEs, but with different intensity depending on the zooplankton size-class. The concentration of plastic additives in surface waters and the abundance of microplastic particles were not correlated, implying that they are not necessarily good indicators for each other in this compartment. This is the first comprehensive study on the occurrence and temporal variability of PAEs and OPEs in the coastal Mediterranean based on the parallel collection of water, sediment and differently sized zooplankton samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schmidt
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France; IFREMER, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants (LBCO), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Benjamin Oursel
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Toulon Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, Marseille, France.
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50
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Yan Z, Jin X, Liu D, Hong Y, Liao W, Feng C, Bai Y. The potential connections of adverse outcome pathways with the hazard identifications of typical organophosphate esters based on toxicity mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128989. [PMID: 33228983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Following the world-wide ban of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), which could potentially affect human health and ecosystem safety, have been frequently detected in various environmental media. However, the knowledge regarding the underlying toxicity effects of OPEs remains limited. In order to address these issues, this study reviewed the related reports which have been published in recent years. This analysis process included 12 OPEs, 10 model organisms, and 15 cell lines, which were used to systematically examine the mechanisms of endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. Subsequently, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework of the toxicological effects of OPEs was built. The results demonstrated that multiple different pathways may lead to a single same adverse outcome (AO), and there was a certain degree of correlation among the different AOs. It was found that among all the 12 OPEs, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) may potentially be the most toxic. In addition, rather than the parent chemicals, the metabolites of OPEs may also have different degrees of toxicity effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Overall, the results of the present study also suggested that an AOP framework should be built via fully utilizing the existing toxicity data of OPEs based on in vivo-in vitro-in silico to completely and deeply understand the toxic mechanisms of OPEs. This improved knowledge could then provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessments and water quality criteria research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station, Nanchang, 330201, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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