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Dufourcq Sekatcheff E, Jeong J, Choi J. Bridging the Gap Between Human Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Under One Health Perspective by a Cross-Species Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Reproductive Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38980262 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Although ecotoxicological and toxicological risk assessments are performed separately from each other, recent efforts have been made in both disciplines to reduce animal testing and develop predictive approaches instead, for example, via conserved molecular markers, and in vitro and in silico approaches. Among them, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to facilitate the prediction of molecular toxic effects at larger biological scales. Thus, more toxicological data are used to inform on ecotoxicological risks and vice versa. An AOP has been previously developed to predict reproductive toxicity of silver nanoparticles via oxidative stress on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (AOPwiki ID 207). Following this previous study, our present study aims to extend the biologically plausible taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) of AOP 207. Various types of data, including in vitro human cells, in vivo, and molecular to individual, from previous studies have been collected and structured into a cross-species AOP network that can inform both human toxicology and ecotoxicology risk assessments. The first step was the collection and analysis of literature data to fit the AOP criteria and build a first AOP network. Then, key event relationships were assessed using a Bayesian network modeling approach, which gave more confidence in our overall AOP network. Finally, the biologically plausible tDOA was extended using in silico approaches (Genes-to-Pathways Species Conservation Analysis and Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility), which led to the extrapolation of our AOP network across over 100 taxonomic groups. Our approach shows that various types of data can be integrated into an AOP framework, and thus facilitates access to knowledge and prediction of toxic mechanisms without the need for further animal testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Liang R, Sinclair TM, Craig PS, Maltby L. Spatial variation in the sensitivity of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages to chemical stressors. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120854. [PMID: 37992635 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessing spatial variation in the chemical sensitivity of natural assemblages will enhance ecological relevance and reduce uncertainty in ecological risk assessments and the derivation of environmental quality standards (EQSs). However, the majority of species in natural communities have not undergone toxicity testing for any chemical, which poses a major challenge when assessing their sensitivity. We investigated spatial variation and patterns in the sensitivity of 4084 freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages across England to 5 general-acting chemicals (heavy metals) and 13 specifically acting chemicals (insecticides) using a novel hierarchical species sensitivity distribution method based on taxonomic relatedness. Furthermore, we explored how river typology relates to spatial variation in assemblage sensitivity to chemicals and the potential impacts of such variation on current EQSs. Our findings revealed that, whereas assemblages with similar taxonomic compositions exhibit comparable sensitivity distributions, assemblages with different taxonomic compositions could have very similar or very different sensitivity distributions. The variation in assemblage sensitivity was greater for specifically acting chemicals than for general-acting chemicals and exhibited spatial clustering patterns. These spatial clustering patterns varied depending on the chemical, and the regions where assemblages were most sensitive to metals were generally not the same as the regions where assemblages were most sensitive to insecticides. Spatial variation in assemblage sensitivity was related to river typology with sensitive assemblages being more common than expected in lowland calcareous (or mixed geology) rivers within very small to small catchments. Comparing spatial variation in assemblage-specific chemical sensitivity to EQSs, we found that the operational EQSs in England would protect most study assemblages (i.e., > 99.5 %), although a small proportion of assemblages may face potential risks associated with azinphos-methyl, copper, and malathion. In many cases the EQSs were very precautionary, potentially requiring expensive control measures or restricting beneficial chemical use with no additional environmental benefit. The development of spatially defined EQSs, possibly based on river types, could be developed to target areas that require the highest level of protection and thus strike a balance between the benefits of chemical use and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Liang
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas M Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Craig
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Maltby
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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3
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Morshead ML, Jensen KM, Ankley GT, Vliet S, LaLone CA, Aller AV, Watanabe KH, Villeneuve DL. Putative adverse outcome pathway development based on physiological responses of female fathead minnows to model estrogen versus androgen receptor agonists. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106607. [PMID: 37354817 PMCID: PMC10910347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Several adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have linked molecular initiating events like aromatase inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) agonism, and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonism to reproductive impairment in adult fish. Estrogen receptor agonists can also cause adverse reproductive effects, however, the early key events (KEs) in an AOP leading to this are mostly unknown. The primary aim of this study was to develop hypotheses regarding the potential mechanisms through which exposure to ER agonists might lead to reproductive impairment in female fish. Mature fathead minnows were exposed to 1 or 10 ng 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)/L or 10 or 100 µg bisphenol A (BPA)/L for 14 d. The response to EE2 and BPA was contrasted with the effects of 500 ng/L of 17β-trenbolone (TRB), an AR agonist, as well as TRB combined with the low and high concentrations of EE2 or BPA tested individually. Exposure to 10 ng EE2/L, 100 µg BPA/L, TRB, or the various mixtures with TRB caused significant decreases in plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol. Exposure to TRB alone caused a significant reduction in plasma vitellogenin (VTG), but VTG was unaffected or even increased in females exposed to EE2 or BPA alone or, in most cases, in mixtures with TRB. Over the course of the 14-d exposure, the only treatments that clearly did not affect egg production were 1 ng EE2/L and 10 µg BPA/L. Based on these results and knowledge of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function, we hypothesize an AOP whereby decreased production of maturation-inducing steroid leading to impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation, possibly due to negative feedback or direct inhibitory effects of membrane ER activation, could be responsible for causing adverse reproductive impacts in female fish exposed to ER agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Morshead
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Sara Vliet
- US EPA, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe
- Arizona State University, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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4
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Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Using Machine Learning to make nanomaterials sustainable. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160303. [PMID: 36410486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development is a key challenge for contemporary human societies; failure to achieve sustainability could threaten human survival. In this review article, we illustrate how Machine Learning (ML) could support more sustainable development, covering the basics of data gathering through each step of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). The literature provides several examples showing how ML can be employed in most steps of a typical ERA.A key observation is that there are currently no clear guidance for using such autonomous technologies in ERAs or which standards/checks are required. Steering thus seems to be the most important task for supporting the use of ML in the ERA of nano- and smart-materials. Resources should be devoted to developing a strategy for implementing ML in ERA with a strong emphasis on data foundations, methodologies, and the related sensitivities/uncertainties. We should recognise historical errors and biases (e.g., in data) to avoid embedding them during ML programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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5
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Barbosa J, Asselman J, Janssen CR. Synthesizing the impact of sea-dumped munition and related chemicals on humans and the environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114601. [PMID: 36652858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine environments are globally impacted by vast quantities of munition disposed following both World Wars. Dumped munitions contain conventional explosives, chemicals warfare agents as well as a variety of metals. Field monitoring studies around marine dumpsites report the presence of munition constituents in water and sediment samples. The growing interest and developments in the ocean as a new economic frontier underline the need to remediate existing dumpsites. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and potential risks associated with marine munition dumpsites. An overview of the global distribution of dumpsites identifying the most impacted areas is provided, followed by the currently available data on the detection of munition constituents in environmental samples and evidence of their toxic potential to human and environmental health. Finally, existing data gaps are identified and future research needs promoting better understanding of the impact of the dumped material on the marine environment suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
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6
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Singer A, Nickisch D, Gergs A. Joint survival modelling for multiple species exposed to toxicants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159266. [PMID: 36228790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessment (ERA), the multitude of compounds and taxa demands cross-species extrapolation to cover the variability in sensitivity to toxicants. However, only the impact of a single compound to a single species is addressed by the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS). The reduced GUTS is the recommended model to analyse lethal toxic effects in regulatory aquatic ERA. GUTS considers toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Two toxicodynamic approaches are considered: Stochastic death (SD) assumes that survival decreases with an increasing internalized amount of the toxicant. Individual tolerance (IT) assumes that individuals vary in their tolerance to toxic exposure. Existing theory suggests that the product of the threshold zw and killing rate bw (both SD toxicodynamic parameters) are constant across species or compounds if receptors and target sites are shared. We extend that theory and show that the shape parameter β of the loglogistic threshold distribution in IT is also constant. To verify the predicted relationships, we conducted three tests using toxicity studies for eight arthropods exposed to the insecticide flupyradifurone. We confirmed previous verifications of the relation- between SD parameters, and the newly established relation for the IT parameter β. We enhanced GUTS to jointly model survival for multiple species with shared receptors and pathways by incorporating the relations among toxicodynamic parameters described above. The joint GUTS exploits the shared parameter relations and therefore constrains parameter uncertainty for each of the separate species. Particularly for IT, the joint GUTS more precisely predicted risk to the separate species than the standard single species GUTS under environmentally realistic exposure. We suggest that joint GUTS modelling can improve cross-species extrapolation in regulatory ERA by increasing the reliability of risk estimates and reducing animal testing. Furthermore, the shared toxicodynamic response provides potential to reduce complexity of ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Nickisch
- RIFCON GmbH, Goldbeckstraße 13, 69493 Hirschberg, Germany.
| | - André Gergs
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel Straße 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
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7
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Bajard L, Adamovsky O, Audouze K, Baken K, Barouki R, Beltman JB, Beronius A, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Cano-Sancho G, de Baat ML, Di Tillio F, Fernández MF, FitzGerald RE, Gundacker C, Hernández AF, Hilscherova K, Karakitsios S, Kuchovska E, Long M, Luijten M, Majid S, Marx-Stoelting P, Mustieles V, Negi CK, Sarigiannis D, Scholz S, Sovadinova I, Stierum R, Tanabe S, Tollefsen KE, van den Brand AD, Vogs C, Wielsøe M, Wittwehr C, Blaha L. Application of AOPs to assist regulatory assessment of chemical risks - Case studies, needs and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114650. [PMID: 36309218 PMCID: PMC9850416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While human regulatory risk assessment (RA) still largely relies on animal studies, new approach methodologies (NAMs) based on in vitro, in silico or non-mammalian alternative models are increasingly used to evaluate chemical hazards. Moreover, human epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect (BoE) also play an invaluable role in identifying health effects associated with chemical exposures. To move towards the next generation risk assessment (NGRA), it is therefore crucial to establish bridges between NAMs and standard approaches, and to establish processes for increasing mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework constitutes an important tool to address these needs but, despite a significant increase in knowledge and awareness, the use of AOPs in chemical RA remains limited. The objective of this paper is to address issues related to using AOPs in a regulatory context from various perspectives as it was discussed in a workshop organized within the European Union partnerships HBM4EU and PARC in spring 2022. The paper presents examples where the AOP framework has been proven useful for the human RA process, particularly in hazard prioritization and characterization, in integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), and in the identification and validation of BoE in epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, several limitations were identified that hinder the optimal usability and acceptance of AOPs by the regulatory community including the lack of quantitative information on response-response relationships and of efficient ways to map chemical data (exposure and toxicity) onto AOPs. The paper summarizes suggestions, ongoing initiatives and third-party tools that may help to overcome these obstacles and thus assure better implementation of AOPs in the NGRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Bajard
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Kirsten Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Joost B Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Manutooq 1, 3905 Nuussuaq, Greenland
| | | | - Milo L de Baat
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Filippo Di Tillio
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) & School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rex E FitzGerald
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology SCAHT, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eliska Kuchovska
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sanah Majid
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) & School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chander K Negi
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norway
| | - Annick D van den Brand
- Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Brix KV, Blust R, Mertens J, Baken S, Middleton ET, Cooper C. Evaluation of effects-based methods as monitoring tools for assessing ecological impacts of metals in aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:24-31. [PMID: 35656908 PMCID: PMC10084288 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects-based methods (EBMs) are considered part of a more integrative strategy for regulating substances of concern under the European Union Water Framework Directive. In general, EBMs have been demonstrated as useful indicators of effects on biota, although links to population and community-level effects are sometimes uncertain. When EBMs are sufficiently specific and sensitive, and links between measured endpoints and apical or higher level effects are established, they can be a useful tool in assessing effects from a specific toxicant or class of toxicants. This is particularly valuable for toxicants that are difficult to measure and for assessing the effects of toxicant mixtures. This paper evaluates 12 EBMs that have been proposed for potential use in the assessment of metals. Each EBM was evaluated with respect to metal specificity and sensitivity, sensitivity to other classes of toxicants, and the strength of the relationship between EBM endpoints and effects observed at the whole organism or population levels of biological organization. The evaluation concluded that none of the EBMs evaluated meet all three criteria of being sensitive to metals, insensitive to other classes of toxicants, and a strong indicator of effects at the whole organism or population level. Given the lack of suitable EBMs for metals, we recommended that the continued development of mixture biotic ligand models (mBLMs) may be the most effective way to achieve the goal of a more holistic approach to regulating metals in aquatic ecosystems. Given the need to further develop and validate mBLMs, we suggest an interim weight-of-evidence approach that includes mBLMs, macroinvertebrate community bioassessment, and measurement of metals in key macroinvertebrate species. This approach provides a near-term solution and simultaneously generates data needed for the refinement and validation of mBLMs. Once validated, it should be possible to rely primarily on mBLMs as an alternative to EBMs for metals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:24-31. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V. Brix
- EcoTox LLCMiamiFloridaUSA
- University of Miami, RSMASMiamiFloridaUSA
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9
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Brix KV, De Boeck G, Baken S, Fort DJ. Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chronic Copper Toxicity to Fish and Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2911-2927. [PMID: 36148934 PMCID: PMC9828004 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, we synthesize information on the mechanisms of chronic copper (Cu) toxicity using an adverse outcome pathway framework and identify three primary pathways for chronic Cu toxicity: disruption of sodium homeostasis, effects on bioenergetics, and oxidative stress. Unlike acute Cu toxicity, disruption of sodium homeostasis is not a driving mechanism of chronic toxicity, but compensatory responses in this pathway contribute to effects on organism bioenergetics. Effects on bioenergetics clearly contribute to chronic Cu toxicity with impacts at multiple lower levels of biological organization. However, quantitatively translating these impacts into effects on apical endpoints such as growth, amphibian metamorphosis, and reproduction remains elusive and requires further study. Copper-induced oxidative stress occurs in most tissues of aquatic vertebrates and is clearly a significant driver of chronic Cu toxicity. Although antioxidant responses and capacities differ among tissues, there is no clear indication that specific tissues are more sensitive than others to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to increased apoptosis and cellular damage in multiple tissues, including some that contribute to bioenergetic effects. This also includes oxidative damage to tissues involved in neuroendocrine axes and this damage likely alters the normal function of these tissues. Importantly, Cu-induced changes in hormone concentrations and gene expression in endocrine-mediated pathways such as reproductive steroidogenesis and amphibian metamorphosis are likely the result of oxidative stress-induced tissue damage and not endocrine disruption. Overall, we conclude that oxidative stress is likely the primary driver of chronic Cu toxicity in aquatic vertebrates, with bioenergetic effects and compensatory response to disruption of sodium homeostasis contributing to some degree to observed effects on apical endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2911-2927. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V. Brix
- EcoToxMiamiFloridaUSA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Sciences, Department of Marine Biology and EcologyUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
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10
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Olker JH, Elonen CM, Pilli A, Anderson A, Kinziger B, Erickson S, Skopinski M, Pomplun A, LaLone CA, Russom CL, Hoff D. The ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase: A Curated Database of Ecologically Relevant Toxicity Tests to Support Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1520-1539. [PMID: 35262228 PMCID: PMC9408435 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The need for assembled existing and new toxicity data has accelerated as the amount of chemicals introduced into commerce continues to grow and regulatory mandates require safety assessments for a greater number of chemicals. To address this evolving need, the ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase (ECOTOX) was developed starting in the 1980s and is currently the world's largest compilation of curated ecotoxicity data, providing support for assessments of chemical safety and ecological research through systematic and transparent literature review procedures. The recently released version of ECOTOX (Ver 5, www.epa.gov/ecotox) provides single-chemical ecotoxicity data for over 12,000 chemicals and ecological species with over one million test results from over 50,000 references. Presented is an overview of ECOTOX, detailing the literature review and data curation processes within the context of current systematic review practices and discussing how recent updates improve the accessibility and reusability of data to support the assessment, management, and research of environmental chemicals. Relevant and acceptable toxicity results are identified from studies in the scientific literature, with pertinent methodological details and results extracted following well-established controlled vocabularies and newly extracted toxicity data added quarterly to the public website. Release of ECOTOX, Ver 5, included an entirely redesigned user interface with enhanced data queries and retrieval options, visualizations to aid in data exploration, customizable outputs for export and use in external applications, and interoperability with chemical and toxicity databases and tools. This is a reliable source of curated ecological toxicity data for chemical assessments and research and continues to evolve with accessible and transparent state-of-the-art practices in literature data curation and increased interoperability to other relevant resources. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1520-1539. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Olker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
- Corresponding author: USEPA, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA, . Tel: 218-529-5119
| | - Colleen M. Elonen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anne Pilli
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Arne Anderson
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Brian Kinziger
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Stephen Erickson
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Michael Skopinski
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anita Pomplun
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Christine L. Russom
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Dale Hoff
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
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Ramšak Ž, Modic V, Li RA, vom Berg C, Zupanic A. From Causal Networks to Adverse Outcome Pathways: A Developmental Neurotoxicity Case Study. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:815754. [PMID: 35295214 PMCID: PMC8915909 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.815754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen the adverse outcome pathways (AOP) framework become one of the most powerful tools in chemical risk assessment, but the development of new AOPs remains a slow and manually intensive process. Here, we present a faster approach for AOP generation, based on manually curated causal toxicological networks. As a case study, we took a recently published zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity network, which contains causally connected molecular events leading to neuropathologies, and developed two new adverse outcome pathways: Inhibition of Fyna (Src family tyrosine kinase A) leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (AOP 399 on AOP-Wiki) and GSK3beta (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner ear (AOP 410). The approach consists of an automatic separation of the toxicological network into candidate AOPs, filtering the AOPs according to available evidence and length as well as manual development of new AOPs and weight-of-evidence evaluation. The semiautomatic approach described here provides a new opportunity for fast and straightforward AOP development based on large network resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Modic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman A. Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Colette vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Anze Zupanic,
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Development of a putative adverse outcome pathway network for male rat reproductive tract abnormalities with specific considerations for the androgen sensitive window of development. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:254-271. [PMID: 34401750 PMCID: PMC8350458 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structured approaches like the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offer great potential for depicting complex toxicological processes in a manner that can facilitate informed integration of mechanistic information in regulatory decisions. While this concept provides a structure for organizing evidence and facilitates consistency in evidence integration; the process, inputs, and manner in which AOPs and AOP networks are developed is still evolving. Following the OECD guiding principles of AOP development, we propose three AOPs for male reproductive tract abnormalities and derive a putative AOP network. The AOPs were developed using a fundamental understanding of the developmental biology of the organs of interest, paying close attention to the gestational timing of key events (KEs) to very specifically inform the domain of life stage applicability for the key event relationships (KERs). Chemical stressor data primarily from studies on low molecular weight phthalates (LMWPs) served to 'bound' the pathways of focus in this dynamic period of development and were integrated with the developmental biology data through an iterative process to define KEs and conclude on the extent of evidence in support of the KERs. The AOPs developed describe the linkage between 1) a decrease in Insl3 gene expression and cryptorchidism, 2) the sustained expression of Coup-tfII and hypospadias and 3) the sustained expression of Coup-tfII and altered Wolffian duct development/ epididymal agenesis. A putative AOP network linking AOP2 and AOP3 through decreased steroidogenic biosynthetic protein expression and converging of all AOPS at the population level impaired fertility adverse outcome is proposed. The network depiction specifies and displays the KEs aligned with their occurrence in gestational time. The pathways and network described herein are intended to catalyze collaborative initiatives for expansion into a larger network to enable effective data collection and inform alternative approaches for identifying stressors impacting this sensitive period of male reproductive tract development.
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Key Words
- AGD, Anogenital distance
- AO, Adverse Outcome
- AOP, Adverse Outcome Pathway
- Adverse outcome pathway
- Adverse outcome pathway network
- DBP, Dibutyl phthalate
- DEHP, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
- DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone
- DPP, Dipentyl phthalate
- E, Embryonic day (ED1=GD1 gestational day 1)
- GD, Gestational day (GD1=ED1 embryonic day 1)
- KE, Key event
- KER, Key event relationship
- LMWP, low molecular weight phthalate straight chain length of the esterified alcohols between 3 and 6 carbon atoms
- MPW, male programming window
- Male programming window
- Phthalate
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Song Y, Kamstra JH, Cao Y, Asselman J, Anglès d'Auriac M, Friberg N. High-throughput analyses and Bayesian network modeling highlight novel epigenetic Adverse Outcome Pathway networks of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor mediated transgenerational effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124490. [PMID: 33199140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A number of epigenetic modulating chemicals are known to affect multiple generations of a population from a single ancestral exposure, thus posing transgenerational hazards. The present study aimed to establish a high-throughput (HT) analytical workflow for cost-efficient concentration-response analysis of epigenetic and phenotypic effects, and to support the development of novel Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) networks for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor-mediated transgenerational effects on aquatic organisms. The model DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5AC) and the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna were used to generate new experimental data and served as prototypes to construct AOPs for aquatic organisms. Targeted HT bioassays (DNMT ELISA, MS-HRM and qPCR) in combination with multigenerational ecotoxicity tests revealed concentration-dependent transgenerational (F0-F3) effects of 5AC on total DNMT activity, DNA promoter methylation, gene body methylation, gene transcription and reproduction. Top sensitive toxicity pathways related to 5AC exposure, such as apoptosis and DNA damage responses were identified in both F0 and F3 using Gaussian Bayesian network modeling. Two novel epigenetic AOP networks on DNMT inhibitor mediated one-generational and transgenerational effects were developed for aquatic organisms and assessed for the weight of evidence. The new HT analytical workflow and AOPs can facilitate future ecological hazard assessment of epigenetic modulating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Marc Anglès d'Auriac
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; University of Copenhagen, Freshwater Biological Section, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Leeds, water@leeds, School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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14
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Barbosa J, De Schamphelaere K, Janssen C, Asselman J. Prioritization of contaminants and biological process targets in the North Sea using toxicity data from ToxCast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:144157. [PMID: 33333300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of chemicals detected in the marine environment underlines the need for appropriate prioritization strategies prior to further testing and potential inclusion into monitoring programs. Here, a prioritization strategy is proposed for chemicals detected in the North Sea over the last decade, through the development of a Concern Index (CI) using exposure and toxicity data obtained from peer-review publications and the ToxCast database, respectively. A total of 158 chemicals were ranked and the most sensitive tested assay endpoints were identified. Additionally, similar analysis was performed for the classes of chemicals and Biological Process Targets (BPTs). By first ranking chemicals currently acknowledged for their high toxicity to the aquatic environment, i.e. naphthalene, salicylic acid and simazine, the obtained results not only reinforce the risk posed by these but also promote a confident extrapolation from mammalian in vitro toxicity data to fish. Furthermore, genes targeted by the most sensitive assays, related to basic cell maintenance processes and immune defense, are highly evolutionarily conserved across species. The identification of these assays further reinforces the importance of a shift from traditional toxicity endpoints to lower levels of biological organization, allowing the detection of adverse effects at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
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Robinson A, Lahive E, Short S, Carter H, Sleep D, Pereira G, Kille P, Spurgeon D. Chemicals with increasingly complex modes of action result in greater variation in sensitivity between earthworm species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115914. [PMID: 33243544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The scale of variation in species sensitivity to toxicants has been theoretically linked to mode of action. Specifically, it has been proposed there will be greater variations for chemicals with a putative specific biological target than for toxicants with a non-specific narcotic mechanism. Here we test the hypothesis that mode of action is related to variation in sensitivity in a specifically designed experiment for species from a single ecologically important terrestrial taxa, namely earthworms. Earthworm toxicity tests were conducted with five species for four chemicals, providing a series of increasingly complex modes of action: a putative narcotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, imidacloprid) with known neuronal receptor targets. Across all the chemicals, the standard epigeic test species Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus rubellus, were generally among the two least sensitive, while the endogenic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Megascolecidae Amynthas gracilis were generally more sensitive (never being among the two least sensitive species). This indicates a potential for bias in the earthworm ecotoxicology literature, which is dominated by studies in epigeic Lumbricidae, but contains few endogeic or Megascolecidae data. Results confirmed the lowest range of variation in sensitivities for effects on reproduction was for fluoranthene (2.5 fold). All insecticides showed greater variation for species sensitivity (cypermethrin: 7.5 fold, chlorpyrifos: 10.3 fold, imidacloprid: 31.5 fold) consistent with the specific mechanisms of the pesticides. Difference in toxicodynamics, based on mode of action specificity and receptor complexity was reflected in the magnitude of sensitivity variation. However, measurements of tissue concentrations also indicated the potential importance of toxicokinetics in explaining species sensitivity variations for chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Stephen Short
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Gloria Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - David Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
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16
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Khan B, Ho KT, Burgess RM. Application of Biomarker Tools Using Bivalve Models Toward the Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Contaminants of Emerging Concern. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1472-1484. [PMID: 32452040 PMCID: PMC7657996 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As contaminant exposures in aquatic ecosystems continue to increase, the need for streamlining research efforts in environmental toxicology using predictive frameworks also grows. One such framework is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP framework organizes and utilizes toxicological information to connect measurable molecular endpoints to an adverse outcome of regulatory relevance via a series of events at different levels of biological organization. Molecular endpoints or biomarkers are essential to develop AOPs and are valuable early warning signs of the toxicity of pollutants, including contaminants of emerging concern. Ecological risk-assessment approaches using tools such as biomarkers and AOPs benefit from identification of molecular targets conserved across species. Bivalve models are useful in such approaches and integral to our understanding of ecological and human health risks associated with contaminant exposures. We discuss the value of using biomarker approaches in bivalve models to meet the demands of twenty-first-century toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1472-1484. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Khan
- ORISE Research Participant at the US Environmental
Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27
Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic
Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882,
USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD-CEMM, Atlantic
Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882,
USA
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Planelló R, Herrero O, García P, Beltrán EM, Llorente L, Sánchez-Argüello P. Developmental/reproductive effects and gene expression variations in Chironomus riparius after exposure to reclaimed water and its fortification with carbamazepine and triclosan. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115790. [PMID: 32334179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of reclaimed water (RW) uses for environmental enhancement and restoration could become adverse impacts if RW does not meet the quality criteria that ensure wildlife preservation. RW can contain complex mixtures of micropollutants that may accumulate in sediment after environmental uses and affect benthic fauna. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the effects of RW on a sediment insect species used mainly in ecotoxicology (Chironomus riparius). Whole organism effects and gene expression were measured in a water sediment system after spiking RW as overlying water, which was renewed 3 times during the test. Development rate, emergence rate and fecundity were monitored after the 21-day exposure. Endocrine-related genes (EcR, ERR, E75, Vtg), cellular stress genes (hsp70, hsc70, hsp24, hsp10) and biotransformation genes (gp93, GSTd3, GPx, cyp4g) were assessed in larvae after the 10-day exposure. The experimental design also included single or binary fortifications of both test medium and RW, obtained by adding two emerging pollutants: carbamazepine (100 μg/L CBZ) and triclosan (20 μg/L TCS). The chemical characterisation of RW showed that 20 of the 23 screened emerging pollutants fell within the detection limit, 10 exceeded 0.01 μg/L (including CBZ) and three exceeded 0.1 μg/L (hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, ibuprofen). The analytical measures of sediment (day 21) and overlying water (days 7, 14 and 21) were taken to know the water-sediment distribution of CBZ and TCS added to fortifications. CBZ distributed mainly in overlying water (110-164 μg/L and 73-100 μg/kg), while TCS showed a higher affinity to sediment (2.8-5.1 μg/L and 36-55 μg/kg). RW had significant effects in molecular terms (Vtg, hsp70, hsc70), but had no significant effects on the whole organism. Nevertheless, the single RW fortifications impaired both the development rate and fecundity, while the binary RW fortification impaired only fecundity. The most marked increase in EcR expression was observed for the binary RW fortification. Hsps, GSTd3 and cyp4g showed a similar tendency to that observed for EcR and Vtg in the binary and single RW fortifications. The binary mixture (CBZ and TCS together) in RW was toxic, but not in the medium tests. Therefore, the major concern of RW uses is apparently related to the interactivity between this complex matrix and any other pollutants possibly present in the environment where RW is applied. Our results underscore the need for raising awareness about RW effects, which can be achieved by ecotoxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herrero
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Llorente
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Mellor C, Tollefsen K, LaLone C, Cronin M, Firman J. In Silico Identification of Chemicals Capable of Binding to the Ecdysone Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1438-1450. [PMID: 32335943 PMCID: PMC7781155 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of molting, known alternatively as ecdysis, is a feature integral in the life cycles of species across the arthropod phylum. Regulation occurs as a function of the interaction of ecdysteroid hormones with the arthropod nuclear ecdysone receptor-a process preceding the triggering of a series of downstream events constituting an endocrine signaling pathway highly conserved throughout environmentally prevalent insect, crustacean, and myriapod organisms. Inappropriate ecdysone receptor binding and activation forms the essential molecular initiating event within possible adverse outcome pathways relating abnormal molting to mortality in arthropods. Definition of the characteristics of chemicals liable to stimulate such activity has the potential to be of great utility in mitigation of hazards posed toward vulnerable species. Thus the aim of the present study was to develop a series of rule-sets, derived from the key structural and physicochemical features associated with identified ecdysone receptor ligands, enabling construction of Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME) workflows permitting the flagging of compounds predisposed to binding at the site. Data describing the activities of 555 distinct chemicals were recovered from a variety of assays across 10 insect species, allowing for formulation of KNIME screens for potential binding activity at the molecular initiating event and adverse outcome level of biological organization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1438-1450. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Mellor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancashire, England
| | - K.E. Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - C. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd. Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M.T.D. Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
| | - J.W. Firman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England
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Song Y, Xie L, Lee Y, Brede DA, Lyne F, Kassaye Y, Thaulow J, Caldwell G, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Integrative assessment of low-dose gamma radiation effects on Daphnia magna reproduction: Toxicity pathway assembly and AOP development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135912. [PMID: 31846819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High energy gamma radiation is potentially hazardous to organisms, including aquatic invertebrates. Although extensively studied in a number of invertebrate species, knowledge on effects induced by gamma radiation is to a large extent limited to the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage at the molecular/cellular level, or survival, growth and reproduction at the organismal level. As the knowledge of causal relationships between effects occurring at different levels of biological organization is scarce, the ability to provide mechanistic explanation for observed adverse effects is limited, and thus development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and larger scale implementation into next generation hazard and risk predictions is restricted. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the effects of high-energy gamma radiation from cobalt-60 across multiple levels of biological organization (i.e., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and individual) and characterize the major toxicity pathways leading to impaired reproduction in the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea). Following gamma exposure, a number of bioassays were integrated to measure relevant toxicological endpoints such as gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), neutral lipid storage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, apoptosis, ovary histology and reproduction. A non-monotonic pattern was consistently observed across the levels of biological organization, albeit with some variation at the lower end of the dose-rate scale, indicating a complex response to radiation doses. By integrating results from different bioassays, a novel pathway network describing the key toxicity pathways involved in the reproductive effects of gamma radiation were proposed, such as DNA damage-oocyte apoptosis pathway, LPO-ATP depletion pathway, calcium influx-endocrine disruption pathway and DNA hypermethylation pathway. Three novel AOPs were proposed for oxidative stressor-mediated excessive ROS formation leading to reproductive effect, and thus introducing the world's first AOPs for non-chemical stressors in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Biosciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Fern Lyne
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Thaulow
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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20
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Evenseth LM, Kristiansen K, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Sylte I. In silico site-directed mutagenesis of the Daphnia magna ecdysone receptor identifies critical amino acids for species-specific and inter-species differences in agonist binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Doering JA, Lee S, Kristiansen K, Evenseth L, Barron MG, Sylte I, LaLone CA. In Silico Site-Directed Mutagenesis Informs Species-Specific Predictions of Chemical Susceptibility Derived From the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) Tool. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:131-145. [PMID: 30060110 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical hazard assessment requires extrapolation of information from model organisms to all species of concern. The Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) tool was developed as a rapid, cost-effective method to aid cross-species extrapolation of susceptibility to chemicals acting on specific protein targets through evaluation of protein structural similarities and differences. The greatest resolution for extrapolation of chemical susceptibility across species involves comparisons of individual amino acid residues at key positions involved in protein-chemical interactions. However, a lack of understanding of whether specific amino acid substitutions among species at key positions in proteins affect interaction with chemicals made manual interpretation of alignments time consuming and potentially inconsistent. Therefore, this study used in silico site-directed mutagenesis coupled with docking simulations of computational models for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ecdysone receptor (EcR) to investigate how specific amino acid substitutions impact protein-chemical interaction. This study found that computationally derived substitutions in identities of key amino acids caused no change in protein-chemical interaction if residues share the same side chain functional properties and have comparable molecular dimensions, while differences in these characteristics can change protein-chemical interaction. These findings were considered in the development of capabilities for automatically generated species-specific predictions of chemical susceptibility in SeqAPASS. These predictions for AChE and EcR were shown to agree with SeqAPASS predictions comparing the primary sequence and functional domain sequence of proteins for more than 90% of the investigated species, but also identified dramatic species-specific differences in chemical susceptibility that align with results from standard toxicity tests. These results provide a compelling line of evidence for use of SeqAPASS in deriving screening level, species-specific, susceptibility predictions across broad taxonomic groups for application to human and ecological hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Doering
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division.,National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Sehan Lee
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561.,Molecular Design Team, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 41061 Daegu City, Korea
| | - Kurt Kristiansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Linn Evenseth
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mace G Barron
- Gulf Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromso, Norway
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22
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Salbu B, Teien HC, Lind OC, Tollefsen KE. Why is the multiple stressor concept of relevance to radioecology? Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1015-1024. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1605463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- CERAD Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - H. C. Teien
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- CERAD Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - O. C. Lind
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- CERAD Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - K. E. Tollefsen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- CERAD Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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23
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Brunner AM, Dingemans MML, Baken KA, van Wezel AP. Prioritizing anthropogenic chemicals in drinking water and sources through combined use of mass spectrometry and ToxCast toxicity data. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:332-338. [PMID: 30384243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in high-resolution mass spectrometry based methods have enabled a shift from pure target analysis to target, suspect and non-target screening analyses to detect chemicals in water samples. The multitude of suspect chemicals thereby detected needs to be prioritized for further identification, prior to health risk assessment and potential inclusion into monitoring programs. Here, we compare prioritization of chemicals in Dutch water samples based on relative intensities only to prioritization including hazard information based on high-throughput in vitro toxicity data. Over 1000 suspects detected in sewage treatment plant effluent, surface water, groundwater and drinking water samples were ranked based on their relative intensities. Toxicity data availability and density in the ToxCast database were determined and visualized for these suspects, also in regard to water relevant mechanisms of toxicity. More than 500 suspects could be ranked using occurrence/hazard ratios based on more than 1000 different assay endpoints. The comparison showed that different prioritization strategies resulted in significantly different ranking, with only 2 suspects prioritized based on occurrence among the top 20 in the hazard ranking. We therefore propose a novel scheme that integrates both exposure and hazard data, and efficiently prioritizes which features need to be confidently identified first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brunner
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Baken
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Clippinger AJ, Allen D, Behrsing H, BéruBé KA, Bolger MB, Casey W, DeLorme M, Gaça M, Gehen SC, Glover K, Hayden P, Hinderliter P, Hotchkiss JA, Iskandar A, Keyser B, Luettich K, Ma-Hock L, Maione AG, Makena P, Melbourne J, Milchak L, Ng SP, Paini A, Page K, Patlewicz G, Prieto P, Raabe H, Reinke EN, Roper C, Rose J, Sharma M, Spoo W, Thorne PS, Wilson DM, Jarabek AM. Pathway-based predictive approaches for non-animal assessment of acute inhalation toxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:131-145. [PMID: 29908304 PMCID: PMC6760245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New approaches are needed to assess the effects of inhaled substances on human health. These approaches will be based on mechanisms of toxicity, an understanding of dosimetry, and the use of in silico modeling and in vitro test methods. In order to accelerate wider implementation of such approaches, development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) can help identify and address gaps in our understanding of relevant parameters for model input and mechanisms, and optimize non-animal approaches that can be used to investigate key events of toxicity. This paper describes the AOPs and the toolbox of in vitro and in silico models that can be used to assess the key events leading to toxicity following inhalation exposure. Because the optimal testing strategy will vary depending on the substance of interest, here we present a decision tree approach to identify an appropriate non-animal integrated testing strategy that incorporates consideration of a substance's physicochemical properties, relevant mechanisms of toxicity, and available in silico models and in vitro test methods. This decision tree can facilitate standardization of the testing approaches. Case study examples are presented to provide a basis for proof-of-concept testing to illustrate the utility of non-animal approaches to inform hazard identification and risk assessment of humans exposed to inhaled substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Clippinger
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom.
| | - David Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Contractor Supporting the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Holger Behrsing
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Kelly A BéruBé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Bolger
- Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, CA 93534, United States
| | - Warren Casey
- NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Marianna Gaça
- British American Tobacco plc, Globe House, 4 Temple Place, London WC2R 2PG, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Gehen
- Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kyle Glover
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, MA 01721, United States
| | | | | | - Anita Iskandar
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Keyser
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris Products SA, Philip Morris International R&D, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Anna G Maione
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, MA 01721, United States
| | - Patrudu Makena
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Jodie Melbourne
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheung P Ng
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, DuPont Haskell Global Center for Health Sciences, P. O. Box 30, Newark, DE 19714, United States
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Kathryn Page
- The Clorox Company, 4900 Johnson Dr, Pleasanton, CA 94588, United States
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Computational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Pilar Prieto
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Hans Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, 30 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite 100, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Emily N Reinke
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd. Bldg. E-5158, ATTN: MCHB-PH-HEF Gunpowder, MD 21010-5403, United States
| | - Clive Roper
- Charles River Edinburgh Ltd., Edinburgh EH33 2NE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Rose
- Procter & Gamble Co, 11530 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH 45241, United States
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., Society Building, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Spoo
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Annie M Jarabek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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25
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Carusi A, Davies MR, De Grandis G, Escher BI, Hodges G, Leung KMY, Whelan M, Willett C, Ankley GT. Harvesting the promise of AOPs: An assessment and recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1542-1556. [PMID: 30045572 PMCID: PMC5888775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept is a knowledge assembly and communication tool to facilitate the transparent translation of mechanistic information into outcomes meaningful to the regulatory assessment of chemicals. The AOP framework and associated knowledgebases (KBs) have received significant attention and use in the regulatory toxicology community. However, it is increasingly apparent that the potential stakeholder community for the AOP concept and AOP KBs is broader than scientists and regulators directly involved in chemical safety assessment. In this paper we identify and describe those stakeholders who currently-or in the future-could benefit from the application of the AOP framework and knowledge to specific problems. We also summarize the challenges faced in implementing pathway-based approaches such as the AOP framework in biological sciences, and provide a series of recommendations to meet critical needs to ensure further progression of the framework as a useful, sustainable and dependable tool supporting assessments of both human health and the environment. Although the AOP concept has the potential to significantly impact the organization and interpretation of biological information in a variety of disciplines/applications, this promise can only be fully realized through the active engagement of, and input from multiple stakeholders, requiring multi-pronged substantive long-term planning and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Carusi
- Medical Humanities Sheffield, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | | | - Giovanni De Grandis
- Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP), Boston House, 36-37 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 6EY, UK.
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK.
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Catherine Willett
- The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA.
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
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26
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Fay KA, Villeneuve DL, Swintek J, Edwards SW, Nelms MD, Blackwell BR, Ankley GT. Differentiating Pathway-Specific From Nonspecific Effects in High-Throughput Toxicity Data: A Foundation for Prioritizing Adverse Outcome Pathway Development. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:500-515. [PMID: 29529260 PMCID: PMC6820004 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast program has screened thousands of chemicals for biological activity, primarily using high-throughput in vitro bioassays. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) offer a means to link pathway-specific biological activities with potential apical effects relevant to risk assessors. Thus, efforts are underway to develop AOPs relevant to pathway-specific perturbations detected in ToxCast assays. Previous work identified a "cytotoxic burst" (CTB) phenomenon wherein large numbers of the ToxCast assays begin to respond at or near test chemical concentrations that elicit cytotoxicity, and a statistical approach to defining the bounds of the CTB was developed. To focus AOP development on the molecular targets corresponding to ToxCast assays indicating pathway-specific effects, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify which assays most frequently respond at concentrations below the CTB. A preliminary list of potentially important, target-specific assays was determined by ranking assays by the fraction of chemical hits below the CTB compared with the number of chemicals tested. Additional priority assays were identified using a diagnostic-odds-ratio approach which gives greater ranking to assays with high specificity but low responsivity. Combined, the two prioritization methods identified several novel targets (e.g., peripheral benzodiazepine and progesterone receptors) to prioritize for AOP development, and affirmed the importance of a number of existing AOPs aligned with ToxCast targets (e.g., thyroperoxidase, estrogen receptor, aromatase). The prioritization approaches did not appear to be influenced by inter-assay differences in chemical bioavailability. Furthermore, the outcomes were robust based on a variety of different parameters used to define the CTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A. Fay
- University of Minnesota-Duluth, Biology Department; 1035 Kirby Drive, Swenson Science Building 207, Duluth, MN 55812
- CSRA Inc, Science and Engineering, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr. (MD B105-03), RTP, NC 27711
- RTI International, Research Computing Division, 3040 E Cornwallis Rd, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Mark D. Nelms
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr. (MD B105-03), RTP, NC 27711
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804
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Ankley GT, Edwards SW. The Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Multifaceted Framework Supporting 21 st Century Toxicology. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018; 9:1-7. [PMID: 29682628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework serves as a knowledge assembly, interpretation, and communication tool designed to support the translation of pathway-specific mechanistic data into responses relevant to assessing and managing risks of chemicals to human health and the environment. As such, AOPs facilitate the use of data streams often not employed by risk assessors, including information from in silico models, in vitro assays and short-term in vivo tests with molecular/biochemical endpoints. This translational capability can increase the capacity and efficiency of safety assessments both for single chemicals and chemical mixtures. Our mini-review describes the conceptual basis of the AOP framework and aspects of its current status relative to use by toxicologists and risk assessors, including four illustrative applications of the framework to diverse assessment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Stephen W Edwards
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, RTP, NC, USA
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28
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Ford AT, Hyett B, Cassidy D, Malyon G. The effects of fluoxetine on attachment and righting behaviours in marine (Gibbula unbilicalis) and freshwater (Lymnea stagnalis) gastropods. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018. [PMID: 29524054 PMCID: PMC5897494 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted that antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) entering aquatic systems through wastewater discharges might impact organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this study, two snail species (Gibbula unbilicalis and Lymnea stagnalis) representing the marine and freshwater environments were exposed to a large range of fluoxetine concentrations (1 ng L-1-1 mg L-1) and two distinct behaviours (foot detachment and righting time) were recorded. Fluoxetine significantly caused foot detachment only at the higher of the concentrations (1 mg L-1) in both species during the course of this short term 1.5 h and 4 h exposures. In this study, lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) for foot detachment fell repeatedly within the range for other gastropod snails exposed to fluoxetine. Fluoxetine effected righting times in a concentration dependant manner but only significantly within G. unbilicalis in the highest concentration. Reviewing existing data on the effects of antidepressants on a range of endpoints in gastropod molluscs reveals wide variability of results. The importance of publishing 'negative' and/or non-dramatic results to aid risk assessment are discussed along with the variability between antidepressants, model species, experimental designs and endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK.
| | - Bernice Hyett
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Daniel Cassidy
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Graham Malyon
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
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29
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Moore MM, Schoeny RS, Becker RA, White K, Pottenger LH. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma: case study of AFB1, a human carcinogen with a mutagenic mode of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:312-337. [PMID: 29431554 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1423462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are frameworks starting with a molecular initiating event (MIE), followed by key events (KEs) linked by KE relationships (KERs), ultimately resulting in a specific adverse outcome. Relevant data for the pathway and each KE/KER are evaluated to assess biological plausibility, weight-of-evidence, and confidence. We aimed to describe an AOP relevant to chemicals directly inducing mutation in cancer critical gene(s), via the formation of chemical-specific pro-mutagenic DNA adduct(s), as an early critical step in tumor etiology. Such chemicals have mutagenic modes-of-action (MOA) for tumor induction. To assist with developing this AOP, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was selected as a case study because it has a rich database and is considered to have a mutagenic MOA. AFB1 information was used to define specific KEs, KERs, and to inform development of a generic AOP for mutagen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In assessing the AFB1 information, it became clear that existing data are, in fact, not optimal and for some KEs/KERs, the definitive data are not available. In particular, while there is substantial information that AFB1 can induce mutations (based on a number of mutation assays), the definitive evidence - the ability to induce mutation in the cancer critical gene(s) in the tumor target tissue - is not available. Thus, it is necessary to consider the patterns of results in the weight-of-evidence for KEs and KERs. It was important to determine whether there was sufficient evidence that AFB1 can induce the necessary critical mutations early in the carcinogenic process, which was the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Moore
- a Ramboll Environ US Corporation , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Asselman J, Pfrender ME, Lopez JA, Shaw JR, De Schamphelaere KAC. Gene Coexpression Networks Drive and Predict Reproductive Effects in Daphnia in Response to Environmental Disturbances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:317-326. [PMID: 29211465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing effects of anthropogenic stressors and those of natural origin on aquatic ecosystems have intensified the need for predictive and functional models of their effects. Here, we use gene expression patterns in combination with weighted gene coexpression networks and generalized additive models to predict effects on reproduction in the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia. We developed models to predict effects on reproduction upon exposure to different cyanobacteria, different insecticides and binary mixtures of cyanobacteria and insecticides. Models developed specifically for groups of stressors (e.g., either cyanobacteria or insecticides) performed better than general models developed on all data. Furthermore, models developed using in silico generated mixture gene expression profiles from single stressor data were able to better predict effects on reproduction compared to models derived from the mixture exposures themselves. Our results highlight the potential of gene expression data to quantify effects of complex exposures at higher level organismal effects without prior mechanistic knowledge or complex exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Asselman
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Ghent University , Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - M E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame , Indiana 46556, United States
- Genomics & Bioinformatics Core, University of Notre Dame , Indiana 46556, United States
| | - J A Lopez
- Genomics & Bioinformatics Core, University of Notre Dame , Indiana 46556, United States
| | - J R Shaw
- The School of Public and Environmental Affairs and The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, U.K
| | - K A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Ghent University , Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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Legradi JB, Di Paolo C, Kraak MHS, van der Geest HG, Schymanski EL, Williams AJ, Dingemans MML, Massei R, Brack W, Cousin X, Begout ML, van der Oost R, Carion A, Suarez-Ulloa V, Silvestre F, Escher BI, Engwall M, Nilén G, Keiter SH, Pollet D, Waldmann P, Kienle C, Werner I, Haigis AC, Knapen D, Vergauwen L, Spehr M, Schulz W, Busch W, Leuthold D, Scholz S, vom Berg CM, Basu N, Murphy CA, Lampert A, Kuckelkorn J, Grummt T, Hollert H. An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:46. [PMID: 30595996 PMCID: PMC6292971 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk for humans and the environment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the efforts invested in the last years in developing novel in vitro or in silico test systems, in vivo tests with rodents are still the only accepted test for neurotoxicity risk assessment in Europe. Despite an increasing number of reports of species showing altered behaviour, neurotoxicity assessment for species in the environment is not required and therefore mostly not performed. Considering the increasing numbers of environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic potential, eco-neurotoxicity should be also considered in risk assessment. In order to do so novel test systems are needed that can cope with species differences within ecosystems. In the field, online-biomonitoring systems using behavioural information could be used to detect neurotoxic effects and effect-directed analyses could be applied to identify the neurotoxicants causing the effect. Additionally, toxic pressure calculations in combination with mixture modelling could use environmental chemical monitoring data to predict adverse effects and prioritize pollutants for laboratory testing. Cheminformatics based on computational toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies could help to identify potential neurotoxicants. An array of in vitro assays covering different modes of action could be applied to screen compounds for neurotoxicity. The selection of in vitro assays could be guided by AOPs relevant for eco-neurotoxicity. In order to be able to perform risk assessment for eco-neurotoxicity, methods need to focus on the most sensitive species in an ecosystem. A test battery using species from different trophic levels might be the best approach. To implement eco-neurotoxicity assessment into European risk assessment, cheminformatics and in vitro screening tests could be used as first approach to identify eco-neurotoxic pollutants. In a second step, a small species test battery could be applied to assess the risks of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Environment and Health, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Di Paolo
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. H. S. Kraak
- FAME-Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. G. van der Geest
- FAME-Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - A. J. Williams
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA
| | - M. M. L. Dingemans
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - R. Massei
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W. Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - X. Cousin
- Ifremer, UMR MARBEC, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
- INRA, UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Domaine de Vilvert, Batiment 231, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M.-L. Begout
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, 17137 L’Houmeau, France
| | - R. van der Oost
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Carion
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - V. Suarez-Ulloa
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - F. Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - B. I. Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Engwall
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - G. Nilén
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - S. H. Keiter
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - D. Pollet
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Waldmann
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C. Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - I. Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A.-C. Haigis
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L. Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M. Spehr
- Institute for Biology II, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - W. Schulz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Langenau, Germany
| | - W. Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D. Leuthold
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C. M. vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, 8600 Switzerland
| | - N. Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C. A. Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - A. Lampert
- Institute of Physiology (Neurophysiology), Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Kuckelkorn
- Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - T. Grummt
- Section Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - H. Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, ABBt–Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Brockmeier EK, Hodges G, Hutchinson TH, Butler E, Hecker M, Tollefsen KE, Garcia-Reyero N, Kille P, Becker D, Chipman K, Colbourne J, Collette TW, Cossins A, Cronin M, Graystock P, Gutsell S, Knapen D, Katsiadaki I, Lange A, Marshall S, Owen SF, Perkins EJ, Plaistow S, Schroeder A, Taylor D, Viant M, Ankley G, Falciani F. The Role of Omics in the Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chemical Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:252-262. [PMID: 28525648 PMCID: PMC5837273 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the second International Environmental Omics Symposium (iEOS) conference, held at the University of Liverpool (United Kingdom) in September 2014, a workshop was held to bring together experts in toxicology and regulatory science from academia, government and industry. The purpose of the workshop was to review the specific roles that high-content omics datasets (eg, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics) can hold within the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework for supporting ecological and human health risk assessments. In light of the growing number of examples of the application of omics data in the context of ecological risk assessment, we considered how omics datasets might continue to support the AOP framework. In particular, the role of omics in identifying potential AOP molecular initiating events and providing supportive evidence of key events at different levels of biological organization and across taxonomic groups was discussed. Areas with potential for short and medium-term breakthroughs were also discussed, such as providing mechanistic evidence to support chemical read-across, providing weight of evidence information for mode of action assignment, understanding biological networks, and developing robust extrapolations of species-sensitivity. Key challenges that need to be addressed were considered, including the need for a cohesive approach towards experimental design, the lack of a mutually agreed framework to quantitatively link genes and pathways to key events, and the need for better interpretation of chemically induced changes at the molecular level. This article was developed to provide an overview of ecological risk assessment process and a perspective on how high content molecular-level datasets can support the future of assessment procedures through the AOP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Brockmeier
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Thomas H. Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Emma Butler
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
- Mississippi State University, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Dörthe Becker
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605-2700
| | - Andrew Cossins
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Stuart Marshall
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Stewart F. Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Stewart Plaistow
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Anthony Schroeder
- Water Resources Center (Office: Mid-Continent Ecology Division), University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55108
| | - Daisy Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gerald Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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LaLone CA, Ankley GT, Belanger SE, Embry MR, Hodges G, Knapen D, Munn S, Perkins EJ, Rudd MA, Villeneuve DL, Whelann M, Willett C, Zhang X, Markus H. Advancing the adverse outcome pathway framework-An international horizon scanning approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1411-1421. [PMID: 28543973 PMCID: PMC6156781 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to conduct whole-organism toxicity tests to understand chemical safety has been outpaced by the synthesis of new chemicals for a wide variety of commercial applications. As a result, scientists and risk assessors are turning to mechanistically based studies to increase efficiencies in chemical risk assessment and making greater use of in vitro and in silico methods to evaluate potential environmental and human health hazards. In this context, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework has gained traction in regulatory science because it offers an efficient and effective means for capturing available knowledge describing the linkage between mechanistic data and the apical toxicity end points required for regulatory assessments. A number of international activities have focused on AOP development and various applications to regulatory decision-making. These initiatives have prompted dialogue between research scientists and regulatory communities to consider how best to use the AOP framework. Although expert-facilitated discussions and AOP development have been critical in moving the science of AOPs forward, it was recognized that a survey of the broader scientific and regulatory communities would aid in identifying current limitations while guiding future initiatives for the AOP framework. To that end, a global horizon scanning exercise was conducted to solicit questions concerning the challenges or limitations that must be addressed to realize the full potential of the AOP framework in research and regulatory decision-making. The questions received fell into several broad topical areas: AOP networks, quantitative AOPs, collaboration on and communication of AOP knowledge, AOP discovery and development, chemical and cross-species extrapolation, exposure/toxicokinetics considerations, and AOP applications. Expert ranking was then used to prioritize questions for each category, where 4 broad themes emerged that could help inform and guide future AOP research and regulatory initiatives. In addition, frequently asked questions were identified and addressed by experts in the field. Answers to frequently asked questions will aid in addressing common misperceptions and will allow for clarification of AOP topics. The need for this type of clarification was highlighted with surprising frequency by our question submitters, indicating that improvements are needed in communicating the AOP framework among the scientific and regulatory communities. Overall, horizon scanning engaged the global scientific community to help identify key questions surrounding the AOP framework and guide the direction of future initiatives. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1411-1421. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A. LaLone
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Scott E. Belanger
- Environmental Safety and Sustainability, Global Product Stewardship, Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
| | - Michelle R. Embry
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dries Knapen
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Sharon Munn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Murray A. Rudd
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College, E538 Math and Science Building, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Maurice Whelann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Catherine Willett
- The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hecker Markus
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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