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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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2
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Cutilli A, Jansen SA, Paolucci F, Mokry M, Mocholi E, Lindemans CA, Coffer PJ. IFNγ induces epithelial reprogramming driving CXCL11-mediated T cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578580. [PMID: 38370633 PMCID: PMC10871214 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) plays a multifaceted role in intestinal immune responses ranging from anti-to pro-inflammatory depending on the setting. Here, using a 3D co-culture system based on human intestinal epithelial organoids, we explore the capacity of IFNγ-exposure to reprogram intestinal epithelia and thereby directly modulate lymphocyte responses. IFNγ treatment of organoids led to transcriptional reprogramming, marked by a switch to a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, including transcriptional upregulation of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Proteomic analysis of organoid-conditioned medium post-treatment confirmed chemokine secretion. Furthermore, IFNγ-treatment of organoids led to enhanced T cell migration in a CXCL11-dependent manner without affecting T cell activation status. Taken together, our results suggest a specific role for CXCL11 in T cell recruitment that can be targeted to prevent T cell trafficking to the inflamed intestine.
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Naschberger E, Flierl C, Huang J, Erkert L, Gamez-Belmonte R, Gonzalez-Acera M, Bober M, Mehnert M, Becker C, Schellerer VS, Britzen-Laurent N, Stürzl M. Analysis of the interferon-γ-induced secretome of intestinal endothelial cells: putative impact on epithelial barrier dysfunction in IBD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213383. [PMID: 37645250 PMCID: PMC10460912 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the breakdown of two barriers: the epithelial barrier and the gut-vascular barrier (GVB). The destabilization of each barrier can promote initiation and progression of the disease. Interestingly, first evidence is available that both barriers are communicating through secreted factors that may accordingly serve as targets for therapeutic modulation of barrier functions. Interferon (IFN)-γ is among the major pathogenesis factors in IBD and can severely impair both barriers. In order to identify factors transmitting signals from the GVB to the epithelial cell barrier, we analyzed the secretome of IFN-γ-treated human intestinal endothelial cells (HIEC). To this goal, HIEC were isolated in high purity from normal colon tissues. HIEC were either untreated or stimulated with IFN-γ (10 U/mL). After 48 h, conditioned media (CM) were harvested and subjected to comparative hyper reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (HRM™ MS). In total, 1,084 human proteins were detected in the HIEC-CM. Among these, 43 proteins were present in significantly different concentrations between the CM of IFN-γ- and control-stimulated HIEC. Several of these proteins were also differentially expressed in various murine colitis models as compared to healthy animals supporting the relevance of these proteins secreted by inflammatory activated HIEC in the inter-barrier communication in IBD. The angiocrine pathogenic impact of these differentially secreted HIEC proteins on the epithelial cell barrier and their perspectives as targets to treat IBD by modulation of trans-barrier communication is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Flierl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jinghao Huang
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reyes Gamez-Belmonte
- Department of Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Acera
- Department of Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera S. Schellerer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Lu M, Chang Y, Wang Q, Tu J, Wu H, Wang C, Hong Z, Xiong M, Song L, Wei W. GRK2 Mediates Macrophage Polarization by Regulating EP4-cAMP-pCREB Signaling in Ulcerative Colitis and the Therapeutic Effect of Paroxetine on Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050664. [PMID: 37242446 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is one of the cytosolic enzymes, and GRK2 translocation induces prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) over-desensitization and reduces the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to regulate macrophage polarization. However, the role of GRK2 in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of GRK2 in macrophage polarization in UC, using biopsies from patients, a GRK2 heterozygous mouse model with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and THP-1 cells. The results showed that a high level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulated the receptor EP4 and enhanced the transmembrane activity of GRK2 in colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs), resulting in a down-regulation of membrane EP4 expression. Then, the suppression of cAMP-cyclic AMP responsive element-binding (CREB) signal inhibited M2 polarization in UC. Paroxetine is acknowledged as one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), which is also considered as a potent GRK2 inhibitor with a high selectivity for GRK2. We found that paroxetine could alleviate symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating GPCR signaling to affect macrophage polarization. Taken together, the current results show that GRK2 may act as a novel therapeutic target in UC by regulating macrophage polarization, and paroxetine as a GRK2 inhibitor may have therapeutic effect on mice with DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingdian Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongyang Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
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5
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Lu Y, Ruan Y, Hong P, Rui K, Liu Q, Wang S, Cui D. T-cell senescence: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109202. [PMID: 36470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to immunological disorders and disease progression. Senescent T cells lack costimulatory markers with the reduction of T cell receptor repertoire and the uptake of natural killer cell receptors. Senescent T cells exert cytotoxic effects through the expression of perforin, granzymes, tumor necrosis factor, and other molecules without the antigen-presenting process. DNA damage accumulation, telomere damage, and limited DNA repair capacity are important features of senescent T cells. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of reactive oxygen species contribute to T cell senescence. Alleviation of T-cell senescence could provide potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Sun X, Cao Y, Wang L, Chen H, Zhang F. CCL26 in primary biliary cholangitis - Is it a novel disease mediator? Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:648-656. [PMID: 36807869 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To verify the role of CX3C chemokine ligand 1 - CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CL1-CX3CR1) pathway in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). To explore whether CCL26, a novel functional ligand to CX3CR1, participates in the immunological mechanism of PBC. METHODS Fifty-nine PBC patients and 54 healthy controls were recruited. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry were used to measure CX3CL1 and CCL26 concentrations in plasma and CX3CR1 expression on peripheral lymphocytes, respectively. Chemotactic effects of CX3CL1 and CCL26 toward lymphocytes were detected by Transwell cell migration assays. CX3CL1 and CCL26 expressions in liver were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Effects of CX3CL1 and CCL26 on stimulating cytokine production from lymphocytes were evaluated using intracellular flow cytometry. RESULTS Significantly elevated CX3CL1 and CCL26 plasma concentration and CX3CR1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were noted in PBC patients. CX3CL1 exhibited chemotactic activity toward CD8+ T, natural killer (NK) and NKT cells in a dose-dependent manner while such chemotactic effects were not detected for CCL26. In PBC patients, CX3CL1 and CCL26 were both increasingly expressed in biliary tracts and a concentration gradient of CCL26 in hepatocytes around portal areas was observed. Immobilized CX3CL1 could enhance interferon-γ production from T and NK cells while such effect was not exhibited by soluble CX3CL1 or CCL26. CONCLUSIONS CCL26 expression is significantly elevated in plasma and biliary duct of PBC patients, yet does not appear to attract CX3CR1-expressing immune cells. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway promotes the infiltration of T, NK and NKT cells into bile ducts and forms a positive feedback loop with T-helper 1 type cytokines in PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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IFN-γ + cytotoxic CD4 + T lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of colitis induced by IL-23 and the food colorant Red 40. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:777-790. [PMID: 35468944 PMCID: PMC9243055 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The food colorant Red 40 is an environmental risk factor for colitis development in mice with increased expression of interleukin (IL)-23. This immune response is mediated by CD4+ T cells, but mechanistic insights into how these CD4+ T cells trigger and perpetuate colitis have remained elusive. Here, using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that several CD4+ T-cell subsets are present in the intestines of colitic mice, including an interferon (IFN)-γ-producing subset. In vivo challenge of primed mice with Red 40 promoted rapid activation of CD4+ T cells and caused marked intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis that was attenuated by depletion of CD4+ cells and blockade of IFN-γ. Ex vivo experiments showed that intestinal CD4+ T cells from colitic mice directly promoted apoptosis of IECs and intestinal enteroids. CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was contact-dependent and required FasL, which promoted caspase-dependent cell death in target IECs. Genetic ablation of IFN-γ constrained IL-23- and Red 40-induced colitis development, and blockade of IFN-γ inhibited epithelial cell death in vivo. These results advance the understanding of the mechanisms regulating colitis development caused by IL-23 and food colorants and identify IFN-γ+ cytotoxic CD4+ T cells as a new potential therapeutic target for colitis.
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8
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Preglej T, Ellmeier W. CD4 + Cytotoxic T cells - Phenotype, Function and Transcriptional Networks Controlling Their Differentiation Pathways. Immunol Lett 2022; 247:27-42. [PMID: 35568324 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The two major subsets of peripheral T cells are classically divided into the CD4+ T helper cells and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lineage. However, the appearance of some effector CD4+ T cell populations displaying cytotoxic activity, in particular during viral infections, has been observed, thus breaking the functional dichotomy of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The strong association of the appearance of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4 CTLs) with viral infections suggests an important role of this subset in antiviral immunity by controlling viral replication and infection. Moreover, CD4 CTLs have been linked with anti-tumor activity and might also cause immunopathology in autoimmune diseases. This raises interest into the molecular mechanisms regulating CD4 CTL differentiation, which are poorly understood in comparison to differentiation pathways of other Th subsets. In this review, we provide a brief overview about key features of CD4 CTLs, including their role in viral infections and cancer immunity, and about the link between CD4 CTLs and immune-mediated diseases. Subsequently, we will discuss the current knowledge about transcriptional and epigenetic networks controlling CD4 CTL differentiation and highlight recent data suggesting a role for histone deacetylases in the generation of CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Preglej
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna.
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Yang Z, Wei F, Zhang B, Luo Y, Xing X, Wang M, Chen R, Sun G, Sun X. Cellular Immune Signal Exchange From Ischemic Stroke to Intestinal Lesions Through Brain-Gut Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:688619. [PMID: 35432368 PMCID: PMC9010780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.688619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a vital pivot for the human circulatory system, the brain-gut axis is now being considered as an important channel for many of the small immune molecules’ transductions, including interleukins, interferons, neurotransmitters, peptides, and the chemokines penetrating the mesentery and blood brain barrier (BBB) during the development of an ischemic stroke (IS). Hypoxia-ischemia contributes to pituitary and neurofunctional disorders by interfering with the molecular signal release and communication then providing feedback to the gut. Suffering from such a disease on a long-term basis may cause the peripheral system’s homeostasis to become imbalanced, and it can also lead to multiple intestinal complications such as gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and even the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Correspondingly, these complications will deteriorate the cerebral infarctions and, in patients suffering with IS, it can even ruin the brain’s immune system. This review summarized recent studies on abnormal immunological signal exchange mediated polarization subtype changes, in both macrophages and microglial cells as well as T-lymphocytes. How gut complications modulate the immune signal transduction from the brain are also elucidated and analyzed. The conclusions drawn in this review could provide guidance and novel strategies to benefit remedies for both IS and relative gut lesions from immune-prophylaxis and immunotherapy aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Xiaobo Sun,
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Shi H, Sun S, Zhou X, He Y, Peng Q. GBP4 is an immune-related biomarker for patients with ileocolonic Crohn’s disease by comprehensive analysis. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive evidence has shown that immune cell infiltration is associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE179285 dataset in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients and healthy individuals were then identified. The infiltration pattern of 22 immune cell types was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The DEGs and 22 immune cell types were combined to find the key gene network using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A linear regression model for the relationship between the expression of the hub genes in CD patients and infiltration of immune cells was also developed. The utility and accuracy of the hub genes for CD diagnosis were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The accuracy of the model was validated using the GSE20881 dataset. Results: There were 1135 DEGs between the intestinal mucosal tissue of CD patients and healthy individuals. Of these DEGs, 711 genes were upregulated, whereas 424 of them were downregulated. There was also a significant difference in the infiltration of immune cells to the intestinal mucosal between the CD patients and healthy individuals. WGCNA revealed that the turquoise module genes were strongly correlated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages (cor =0.68, p = 10−16). Finally, the expression of GBP4, the identified hub gene, strongly correlated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages (adjusted r-squared =0.661, p < 2×10−16), and is a relatively good marker for CD diagnostic prediction (AUC =0.736). The relationship between GBP4 expression and infiltration of M1 macrophages (adjusted r-squared =0.435, p < 2×10−16) and diagnostic value of the gene (AUC =0.702) were verified using the GSE20881 validation dataset. Conclusion: The expression of GBP4 is associated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages to the intestinal mucosa of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengyun Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianling Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yushan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China
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Matsuoka K, Naganuma M, Hibi T, Tsubouchi H, Oketani K, Katsurabara T, Hojo S, Takenaka O, Kawano T, Imai T, Kanai T. Phase 1 study on the safety and efficacy of E6011, antifractalkine antibody, in patients with Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2180-2186. [PMID: 33599356 PMCID: PMC8451784 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM E6011 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting fractalkine (FKN), a CX3C chemokine, which regulates leukocyte trafficking during inflammation. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of E6011 in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and also performed preliminary pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy assessments. METHODS This study included a 12-week multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, n = 6, 8, 7, and 7, respectively) and a 40-week Extension phase (n = 12) at the same dose as the MAD phase. Serum E6011, serum total FKN (free soluble FKN and E6011-FKN complex) as a PD marker and CD activity index were evaluated. The primary outcome was safety assessment in the MAD phase. RESULTS Twenty-seven (96%) of 28 patients had previously been treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents. During the MAD phase, adverse events (AEs) occurred in 18 (64%). The most common AE was nasopharyngitis (five patients, 18%). No severe AEs occurred. Serious AEs occurred in three patients, progression of CD in two, and anemia in one. Serum E6011 concentrations increased dose-dependently after infusion and reached a plateau around 4-6 weeks. Serum total FKN rose simultaneously. Five (18%) patients developed anti-E6011 antibodies during the study. Overall, clinical response and clinical remission were observed at Week 12 in 40% (10/25) and 16% (4/25) of active CD patients, respectively. CONCLUSION E6011 was well-tolerated and might be effective in CD patients. These findings need to be clarified in a randomized controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and TreatmentKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Oketani
- Clinical Development DepartmentEA Pharma Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | | | - Seiichiro Hojo
- Clinical Data Science DepartmentMedicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Osamu Takenaka
- Clinical Pharmacology Science DepartmentMedicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Tetsu Kawano
- Research and DevelopmentKAN Research Institute, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Research and DevelopmentKAN Research Institute, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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12
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Cannon A, Clarke N, MacCarthy F, Dunne C, Kevans D, Mahmud N, Lysaght J, O'Sullivan J. Effect of cigarette smoke extract on the intestinal microenvironment of ulcerative colitis tissue. JGH OPEN 2020; 4:1191-1198. [PMID: 33319055 PMCID: PMC7731828 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The severity of UC is higher in nonsmokers than smokers; however, the biological mechanisms controlling this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on inflamed and noninflamed colonic tissue from UC patients and to determine if inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, and T cell phenotypes are altered by CSE. Methods Blood and colonic biopsies were obtained from UC patients undergoing endoscopy. Biopsies were cultured in the presence or absence of CSE. Multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured secreted levels of inflammatory mediators. Nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) expression were measured by DNA‐binding ELISA. T cell phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry in matched blood and biopsies. Results Secreted levels of interleukin 2 (IL‐2), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor ‐ alpha (TNF‐α), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) were significantly (all P < 0.05) decreased following treatment with CSE. This effect was specific to inflamed tissue and was not observed in noninflamed tissue. CSE did not alter the expression of NF‐κB or HIF‐1α. Assessment of T cell phenotypes in blood and tissue revealed that there were significantly more activated and exhausted T cells in the colonic tissue compared to matched blood. These profiles were not altered following CSE treatment. Conclusion These data suggest that observed effects of CSE in reducing inflammatory mediators ex vivo are specific to inflamed colonic tissue but are not due to the activation of NF‐κB or HIF‐1α and are not caused by alterations in subpopulations of T cells in these UC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Department of Surgery Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Finbar MacCarthy
- Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Department of Gastroenterology SACC Directorate, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Cara Dunne
- Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Department of Gastroenterology SACC Directorate, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - David Kevans
- Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Department of Gastroenterology SACC Directorate, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Nasir Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Department of Gastroenterology SACC Directorate, St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Vasilieva E, Gianella S, Freeman ML. Novel Strategies to Combat CMV-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Pathog Immun 2020; 5:240-274. [PMID: 33089035 PMCID: PMC7556413 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous human pathogen that is never cleared from the host, has long been thought to be relatively innocuous in immunocompetent adults, but causes severe complications including blindness, end-organ disease, and death in newborns and in immuno-compromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients and those suffering from AIDS. Yet even in persons with intact immunity, CMV infection is associated with profound stimulation of immune and inflammatory pathways. Carriers of CMV infection also have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular complications. In this review, we define the proposed mechanisms of how CMV contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), describe current approaches to target CMV, and discuss how these strategies may or may not alleviate cardiovascular complications in those with CMV infection. In addition, we discuss the special situation of CMV coinfection in people with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy, and describe how these 2 viral infections may interact to potentiate CVD in this especially vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine; Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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14
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Youssef SR, Elsalakawy WA. First report of expansion of CD4 +/CD28 null T-helper lymphocytes in adult patients with idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 43:396-401. [PMID: 32709527 PMCID: PMC8572999 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD28 null T helper (Th) cells are rare in healthy individuals, but they are increased in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this study, we determined the size of the CD4+/CD28 null T lymphocyte compartment in the peripheral blood of 40 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients (idiopathic and secondary) and 20 healthy control subjects, using tri-color flow cytometry. The frequency and absolute count of CD4+/CD28 null T helper (Th) cells was significantly higher in idiopathic AIHA patients, compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and to patients with secondary AIHA (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The percentage of CD4+/CD28 null Th cells was also negatively correlated to the hemoglobin (Hb) level (p = 0.03). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the expansion of this phenotypically-defined population of T lymphocytes in patients with idiopathic AIHA and indicate that it likely plays an etiological role in the development of this disease. However, establishing the use of this marker for diagnosis or monitoring treatment of such patients needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha R Youssef
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo; Egypt
| | - Walaa A Elsalakawy
- Internal Medicine department, Clinical Hematology and BMT unit (2), faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo; Egypt.
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David P, Drabczyk-Pluta M, Pastille E, Knuschke T, Werner T, Honke N, Megger DA, Akhmetzyanova I, Shaabani N, Eyking-Singer A, Cario E, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Tenbusch M, Dietze KK, Trilling M, Liu J, Schadendorf D, Streeck H, Lang KS, Xie Y, Zimmer L, Sitek B, Paschen A, Westendorf AM, Dittmer U, Zelinskyy G. Combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody and depletion of regulatory T cells during acute viral infections results in improved virus control but lethal immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008340. [PMID: 32226027 PMCID: PMC7105110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy (CIT) is currently applied as a treatment for different cancers and is proposed as a cure strategy for chronic viral infections. Whether such therapies are efficient during an acute infection remains elusive. To address this, inhibitory receptors were blocked and regulatory T cells depleted in acutely Friend retrovirus-infected mice. CIT resulted in a dramatic expansion of cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a subsequent reduction in viral loads. Despite limited viral replication, mice developed fatal immunopathology after CIT. The pathology was most severe in the gastrointestinal tract and was mediated by granzyme B producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. A similar post-CIT pathology during acute Influenza virus infection of mice was observed, which could be prevented by vaccination. Melanoma patients who developed immune-related adverse events under immune checkpoint CIT also presented with expanded granzyme-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. Our data suggest that acute infections may induce immunopathology in patients treated with CIT, and that effective measures for infection prevention should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul David
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Eva Pastille
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Torben Knuschke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Werner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Honke
- Department of Rheumatology, Hiller Research Center Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilseyar Akhmetzyanova
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Eyking-Singer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kirsten K. Dietze
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tonji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Lab of Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6401969. [PMID: 32148442 PMCID: PMC7049869 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6401969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated activation status, cytotoxic potential, and gut homing ability of the peripheral blood Natural Killer (NK) cells in Crohn disease (CD) patients. For this purpose, we compared the expression of different activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR and non-KIR) and integrins on NK cells as well as their recent degranulation history between the patients and age-matched healthy controls. The study was conducted using freshly obtained peripheral blood samples from the study participants. Multiple color flow cytometry was used for these determinations. Our results show that NK cells from treatment-naïve CD patients expressed higher levels of activating KIR as well as other non-KIR activating receptors vis-à-vis healthy controls. They also showed increased frequencies of the cells expressing these receptors. The expression of several KIR and non-KIR inhibitory receptors tended to decrease compared with the cells from healthy donors. NK cells from the patients also expressed increased levels of different gut-homing integrin molecules and showed a history of increased recent degranulation events both constitutively and in response to their in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the patients tended to reverse these NK cell changes. Our results demonstrate unequivocally, for the first time, that peripheral blood NK cells in treatment-naïve CD patients are more activated and are more poised to migrate to the gut compared to their counterpart cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, they show that treatment of the patients tends to normalize their NK cells. The results suggest that NK cells are very likely to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of Crohn disease.
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17
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Turan M, Turan G. Overexpression of fractalkine and its histopathological characteristics in primary pterygium. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2743-2750. [PMID: 31637486 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the expressions of fractalkine in normal bulbar conjunctiva and primary pterygium tissues. METHODS The study included 48 patients who had been operated on for primary pterygium. Histopathologically, the presence of epithelial atypia, epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial lymphocytic exocytosis, stromal inflammation, mast cell count, and stromal vascularity were evaluated in the primary pterygium tissues. An immunohistochemical fractalkine stain was applied to the primary pterygium tissue samples and normal bulbar conjunctival tissue samples. RESULTS Primary pterygium and normal bulbar conjunctival tissue samples were histopathologically analyzed. Epithelial atypia, epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial lymphocytic exocytosis, stromal inflammation, stromal vascularity, and mast cell count were found to be significantly higher in the primary pterygium (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.024, p = 0.007, p = 0.024, and p = 0.013, respectively). When evaluated in terms of fractalkine expression, the epithelial, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory cells were significantly higher in the primary pterygium (p ≤ 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, compared to the normal bulbar conjunctiva, Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in the primary pterygium tissue samples. CONCLUSION Fractalkine might play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of pterygium. Fractalkine may be important in developing new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meydan Turan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Balikesir Ataturk City Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Gulay Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
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18
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Hao W, Li M, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Du W. Increased levels of inflammatory biomarker CX3CL1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cytokine 2019; 126:154881. [PMID: 31629111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the concentration of CX3CL1 in serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to evaluate the associations between the CX3CL1 level and systemic inflammation, small airway obstruction, and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores in COPD patients. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were utilized to detect the CX3CL1 protein in serum separately from 64 patients with COPD and 53 healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD non-smokers, serum CX3CL1 protein levels were significantly elevated in COPD smokers (258.33 ± 56.27 pg/mL versus 177.32 ± 43.21 pg/mL, 185.64 ± 47.03 pg/mL, and 226.55 ± 51.79 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that serum CX3CL1 in COPD smokers was negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC (justified r = -0.319, P < 0.001), FEV1/Pre (justified r = -0.476, P < 0.001), FEV3/FVC (justified r = -0.354, P < 0.001), MMEF25-75/Pre (justified r = -0.428, P < 0.001), but positively correlated with CRP (justified r = 0.331, P < 0.001) and MMP-12 (justified r = 0.352, P < 0.001). However, our results showed no significant correlation between serum CX3CL1 of COPD smokers and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (justified r = 0.0397, P = 0.6025), but a positive correlation with COPD assessment test (CAT) scores (justified r = 0.367, P < 0.001). Finally, through multivariate linear analysis, statistical results demonstrated age (β = -0.2694, P = 0.005), FEV1/Pred (β = -0.2653, P = 0.003), CRP (β = 0.1427, P = 0.0478) and MMP-12 (β = 0.430, P < 0.001) are independent parameters associated with CX3CL1. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that elevated circulating CX3CL1 level is associated with the systemic inflammation, small airway obstruction, and CAT scores in COPD patients, suggesting that CX3CL1 may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. Blocking CX3CL1 might prevent the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716099, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716099, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716099, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Weiping Du
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716099, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Albarracin L, Komatsu R, Garcia-Castillo V, Aso H, Iwabuchi N, Xiao JZ, Abe F, Takahashi H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Deciphering the influence of paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria on the innate antiviral immune response of bovine intestinal epitheliocytes by transcriptomic analysis. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:199-209. [PMID: 30860402 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the non-viable immunomodulatory Bifidobacterium infantis MCC12 and Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 strains (paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria) were able to increase the protection against rotavirus infection in bovine intestinal epithelial (BIE) cells. In order to gain insight into the influence of paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria on the innate antiviral immune response of BIE cells, their effect on the transcriptomic response triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation was investigated. By using microarray technology and qPCR analysis, we obtained a global overview of the immune genes involved in the innate antiviral immune response in BIE cells. Activation of TLR3 by poly(I:C) in BIE cells significantly increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-β, several interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, and chemokines. It was also observed that both paraimmunobiotic bifidobacteria differently modulated immune genes expression in poly(I:C)-challenged BIE cells. Most notable changes were found in genes involved in antiviral defence (IFN-β, MX1, OAS1X, MDA5, TLR3, STAT2, STAT3), cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6), and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL6) that were significantly increased in bifidobacteria-treated BIE cells. B. infantis MCC12 and B. breve MCC1274 showed quantitative and qualitative differences in their capacities to modulate the innate antiviral immune response in BIE cells. B. breve MCC1274 was more efficient than the MCC12 strain to improve the production of type I IFNs and antiviral factors, an effect that could be related to its higher ability to protect against rotavirus replication in BIE cells. Interestingly, B. infantis MCC12 showed a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. The MCC12 strain was more efficient to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-16, IL-20, CX3CL1) when compared with B. breve MCC1274. These results provided valuable information for the deeper understanding of the antiviral immune response of intestinal epithelial cells as well as the host-paraimmunobiotic interaction in the bovine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Albarracin
- 1 Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucuman 4000, Argentina.,2 Immunobiotics Research Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,3 Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,9 Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - R Komatsu
- 3 Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,4 Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan
| | - V Garcia-Castillo
- 2 Immunobiotics Research Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,3 Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,5 Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - H Aso
- 4 Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,6 Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan
| | - N Iwabuchi
- 7 Food Ingredients Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - J-Z Xiao
- 8 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - F Abe
- 7 Food Ingredients Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- 10 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,11 Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan
| | - J Villena
- 1 Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucuman 4000, Argentina.,2 Immunobiotics Research Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,3 Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- 3 Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan.,4 Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 984-0051, Japan
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Kuboi Y, Nishimura M, Ikeda W, Nakatani T, Seki Y, Yamaura Y, Ogawa K, Hamaguchi A, Muramoto K, Mizuno K, Ogasawara H, Yamauchi T, Yasuda N, Onodera H, Imai T. Blockade of the fractalkine–CX3CR1 axis ameliorates experimental colitis by dislodging venous crawling monocytes. Int Immunol 2019; 31:287-302. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kuboi
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Ikeda
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Yukie Seki
- Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Yamaura
- Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Ogawa
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Kenzo Muramoto
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Medical Communication Section, Medical Division, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Yamauchi
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yasuda
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onodera
- Photon Science Center of the University of Tokyo, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information System, Graduate School of Engineering, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- KAN Research Institute Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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22
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Tabuchi H, Katsurabara T, Mori M, Aoyama M, Obara T, Yasuda N, Kawano T, Imai T, Ieiri I, Kumagai Y. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of E6011, a Novel Humanized Antifractalkine (CX3CL1) Monoclonal Antibody: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Single-Ascending-Dose Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:688-701. [PMID: 30575978 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
E6011 is a novel humanized antifractalkine (FKN) monoclonal antibody being developed as a therapeutic target for Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary biliary cholangitis. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-ascending-dose study of intravenous administration of E6011 (0.0006-10 mg/kg) in healthy Japanese adult men (n = 64). The starting dose was the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL). MABEL was estimated by extrapolating results of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model relating E6011 exposure and suppression of free soluble FKN using data obtained from cynomolgus monkeys. Safety assessments consisted of monitoring and recording adverse events, laboratory tests, vital signs, intensive electrocardiograms, and chest x-rays. Blood samples to determine PK, PD (serum total FKN concentration), and serum anti-E6011 antibody were collected. Noncompartmental analysis was used to derive PK parameters. Single intravenous infusions of E6011 were safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. Serum E6011 concentrations showed triphasic elimination. An increase in serum total FKN concentration was observed, confirming target engagement. The dose strategy for patient studies is to select regimens that will attain a minimum serum E6011 exposure of 10 μg/mL, identified as the minimum concentration needed to saturate the target-mediated elimination pathway. Model-based drug development from preclinical stage was successful in identifying dose regimens for clinical testing.
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23
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Hillman M, Weström B, Aalaei K, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Wolinski J, Lozinska L, Sjöholm I, Rayner M, Landin-Olsson M. Skim milk powder with high content of Maillard reaction products affect weight gain, organ development and intestinal inflammation in early life in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:78-84. [PMID: 30553875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal tract is important for development of immune tolerance and disturbances are suggested to trigger autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Maillard products in skim milk powder obtained after long storage, compared to fresh skim milk powder. METHODS Young rats were weaned onto a diet based on skim milk powder with high concentration of Maillard products (HM-SM, n = 18) or low (C-SM, n = 18) for one week or four weeks. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were noted. At the end, organ weights, intestinal histology, permeability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with HM-SM had after one week, 15% less weight gain than controls, despite equal feed intake. After one week thymus and spleen were smaller, intestinal mucosa thickness was increased and acute inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, MCP-1) were elevated. After four weeks, cytokines associated with chronic intestinal inflammation (fractalkine, IP-10, leptin, LIX, MIP-2, RANTES and VEGF) were increased in rats fed with HM-SM compared to C-SM. CONCLUSION High content of Maillard products in stored milk powder caused an intestinal inflammation. Whether this is relevant for tolerance development and future autoimmune diseases remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hillman
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Weström
- Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - K Aalaei
- Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Sweden
| | - C Erlanson-Albertsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Wolinski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Kielanowski Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Endocrinology, Jablonna, Poland
| | - L Lozinska
- Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - I Sjöholm
- Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Sweden
| | - M Rayner
- Lund University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Sweden
| | - M Landin-Olsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden; Skane University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Lund, Sweden.
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24
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Lee M, Lee Y, Song J, Lee J, Chang SY. Tissue-specific Role of CX 3CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e5. [PMID: 29503738 PMCID: PMC5833124 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX3CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX3CR1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX3CR1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX3CR1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungsoo Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yongsung Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jihye Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Junhyung Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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25
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IL-10 control of CD11c+ myeloid cells is essential to maintain immune homeostasis in the small and large intestine. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32015-30. [PMID: 27027442 PMCID: PMC5077993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IL-10 promotes a regulatory phenotype of CD11c+ dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro, the role of IL-10 signaling in CD11c+ cells to maintain intestinal tolerance in vivo remains elusive. To this aim, we generated mice with a CD11c-specific deletion of the IL-10 receptor alpha (Cd11ccreIl10rafl/fl). In contrast to the colon, the small intestine of Cd11ccreIl10rafl/fl mice exhibited spontaneous crypt hyperplasia, increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria T cells, associated with elevated levels of T cell-derived IFNγ and IL-17A. Whereas naive mucosal T-cell priming was not affected and oral tolerance to ovalbumin was intact, augmented T-cell function in the lamina propria was associated with elevated numbers of locally dividing T cells, expression of T-cell attracting chemokines and reduced T-cell apoptosis. Upon stimulation, intestinal IL-10Rα deficient CD11c+ cells exhibited increased activation associated with enhanced IL-6 and TNFα production. Following colonization with Helicobacter hepaticus Cd11ccreIl10rafl/fl mice developed severe large intestinal inflammation characterized by infiltrating T cells and increased levels of Il17a, Ifng, and Il12p40. Altogether these findings demonstrate a critical role of IL-10 signaling in CD11c+ cells to control small intestinal immune homeostasis by limiting reactivation of local memory T cells and to protect against Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis.
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26
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Wakita H, Yanagawa T, Kuboi Y, Imai T. E6130, a Novel CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) Modulator, Attenuates Mucosal Inflammation and Reduces CX3CR1 + Leukocyte Trafficking in Mice with Colitis. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:502-509. [PMID: 28842393 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine (CX3C chemokine ligand 1; CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, myositis, multiple sclerosis, renal ischemia, and atherosclerosis. There are no orally available agents that modulate the fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis. [(3S,4R)-1-[2-Chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-{[1-(cyclohex-1-en-1-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]carbamoyl}-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]acetic acid (2S)-hydroxy(phenyl)acetate (E6130) is an orally available highly selective modulator of CX3CR1 that may be effective for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. We found that E6130 inhibited the fractalkine-induced chemotaxis of human peripheral blood natural killer cells (IC50 4.9 nM), most likely via E6130-induced down-regulation of CX3CR1 on the cell surface. E6130 had agonistic activity via CX3CR1 with respect to guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding in CX3CR1-expressing Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) membrane and had no antagonistic activity. Orally administered E6130 ameliorated several inflammatory bowel disease-related parameters in a murine CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cell-transfer colitis model and a murine oxazolone-induced colitis model. In the CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cell transfer model, E6130 inhibited the migration of CX3CR1+ immune cells and decreased the number of these cells in the gut mucosal membrane. These results suggest that E6130 is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Wakita
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki (H.W., T.Y., Y.K.) and KAN Research Institute Inc., Hyogo (T.I.), Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yanagawa
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki (H.W., T.Y., Y.K.) and KAN Research Institute Inc., Hyogo (T.I.), Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuboi
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki (H.W., T.Y., Y.K.) and KAN Research Institute Inc., Hyogo (T.I.), Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki (H.W., T.Y., Y.K.) and KAN Research Institute Inc., Hyogo (T.I.), Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Remarkable insights have been gleaned recently with regard to the pathophysiology of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). These findings have direct implications for the development of targeted strategies for the treatment of this condition. RECENT FINDINGS Oligoclonal expansions of cells of both the B and T lymphocyte lineages are present in the blood of patients with IgG4-RD. Oligoclonal expansions of plasmablasts are a good biomarker for disease activity. An oligoclonally expanded population of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes is found not only in the peripheral blood but also at tissue sites of active disease. This cell elaborates cytokines that may drive the fibrosis characteristic of IgG4-RD. T follicular helper cells (Tfhc), particularly the Tfhc2 subset, appear to play a major role in driving the class switch to IgG4 that typifies this disease. The relationship between malignancy and IgG4-RD remains an area of interest. SUMMARY Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD have proceeded swiftly, leading to the identification of a number of potential targeted treatment strategies. The completion of classification criteria for IgG4-RD, an effort supported jointly by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism, will further facilitate studies on this disease.
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Downregulation of CX 3CR1 ameliorates experimental colitis: evidence for CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1-mediated immune cell recruitment. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:315-324. [PMID: 27942903 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by increased immune cell infiltration. The chemokine ligand CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 have been shown to be involved in leukocyte adhesion, transendothelial recruitment, and chemotaxis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe CX3CL1-CX3CR1-mediated signaling in the induction of immune cell recruitment during experimental murine colitis. METHODS Acute colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and sepsis was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum concentrations of CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 were measured by ELISA. Wild-type and CX3CR1-/- mice were challenged with DSS, and on day 6, intravital microscopy was performed to monitor colonic leukocyte and platelet recruitment. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by disease activity, histopathology, and neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS CX3CR1 was upregulated in DSS colitis and LPS-induced sepsis. CX3CR1-/- mice were protected from disease severity and intestinal injury in DSS colitis, and CX3CR1 deficiency resulted in reduced rolling of leukocytes and platelets. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we provide evidence for a crucial role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in experimental colitis, in particular for intestinal leukocyte recruitment during murine colitis. Our findings suggest that CX3CR1 blockade represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of IBD.
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29
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Poniatowski ŁA, Wojdasiewicz P, Krawczyk M, Szukiewicz D, Gasik R, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Analysis of the Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury: Insight into Recent Advances in Actions of Neurochemokine Agents. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2167-2188. [PMID: 26927660 PMCID: PMC5355526 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is the only member of the CX3C (delta) subfamily of chemokines which is unique and combines the properties of both chemoattractant and adhesion molecules. The two-form ligand can exist either in a soluble form, like all other chemokines, and as a membrane-anchored molecule. CX3CL1 discloses its biological properties through interaction with one dedicated CX3CR1 receptor which belongs to a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis acts in many physiological phenomena including those occurring in the central nervous system (CNS), by regulating the interactions between neurons, microglia, and immune cells. Apart from the role under physiological conditions, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis was implied to have a role in different neuropathologies such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). CNS injuries represent a serious public health problem, despite improvements in therapeutic management. To date, no effective treatment has been determined, so they constitute a leading cause of death and severe disability. The course of TBI and SCI has two consecutive poorly demarcated phases: the initial, primary injury and secondary injury. Recent evidence has implicated the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in neuroinflammatory processes occurring after CNS injuries. The importance of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathophysiology of TBI and SCI in the context of systemic and direct local immune response is still under investigation. This paper, based on a review of the literature, updates and summarizes the current knowledge about CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involvement in TBI and SCI pathogenesis, indicating possible molecular and cellular mechanisms with a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatric and Neurological Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gasik
- Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Wiktor Dega Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznań, Poland
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Riaz T, Sollid LM, Olsen I, de Souza GA. Quantitative Proteomics of Gut-Derived Th1 and Th1/Th17 Clones Reveal the Presence of CD28+ NKG2D- Th1 Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1007-16. [PMID: 26637539 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper cells are differentiated from CD4+ T cells and are traditionally characterized by inflammatory or immunosuppressive responses in contrast to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Mass-spectrometry studies on T-helper cells are rare. In this study, we aimed to identify the proteomes of human Th1 and Th1/Th17 clones derived from intestinal biopsies of Crohn's disease patients and to identify differentially expressed proteins between the two phenotypes. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, with predominantly Th1- and Th17-mediated response where cells of the "mixed" phenotype Th1/Th17 have also been commonly found. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for protein identification and quantitation. In total, we identified 7401 proteins from Th1 and Th1/Th17 clones, where 334 proteins were differentially expressed. Major differences were observed in cytotoxic proteins that were overrepresented in the Th1 clones. The findings were validated by flow cytometry analyses using staining with anti-granzyme B and anti-perforin and by a degranulation assay, confirming higher cytotoxic features of Th1 compared with Th1/Th17 clones. By testing a larger panel of T-helper cell clones from seven different Crohn's disease patients, we concluded that only a subgroup of the Th1 cell clones had cytotoxic features, and these expressed the surface markers T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 and were negative for expression of natural killer group 2 member D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Riaz
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ludvig Magne Sollid
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Olsen
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Section for Immunology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevaalsveien 68, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustavo Antonio de Souza
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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31
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Fornara O, Odeberg J, Wolmer Solberg N, Tammik C, Skarman P, Peredo I, Stragliotto G, Rahbar A, Söderberg-Nauclér C. Poor survival in glioblastoma patients is associated with early signs of immunosenescence in the CD4 T-cell compartment after surgery. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1036211. [PMID: 26405601 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1036211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are immunosuppressed and have a broad range of immunological defects in both innate and adaptive immune responses. GBMs are frequently infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a virus capable of causing immunosuppression. In 42 HCMV-positive GBM patients in a clinical trial (VIGAS), we investigated T-cell phenotypes in the blood and assessed their relation to survival. Blood was collected before and 3, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, and the frequency of T-cell subsets was compared with that in 26 age-matched healthy controls. GBM patients had lower levels of CD3 cells than the controls, but had significantly higher levels of CD4+CD28- T cells before and 3 and 12 weeks after surgery and increased levels of CD4+CD57+ and CD4+CD57+CD28+ T cells at all-time points. These T-cell subsets were associated with both immunosenescence and HCMV infection. GBM patients also had higher levels of γδ T cells at all-times after surgery and lower levels of CD4+CD25+ cells before and 3 weeks after surgery than healthy controls. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with higher levels of CD4+CD28- T cells (p = 0.025), CD4+CD57+ T (p = 0.025) cells, and CD4+CD28-CD57+CD28- T cells (p < 0.0004) at 3 weeks after surgery. Our findings indicate that signs of immunosenescence in the CD4+ compartment are associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCMV-positive GBMs and may reflect the HCMV activity in their tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Fornara
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Odeberg
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Wolmer Solberg
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Tammik
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Skarman
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inti Peredo
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Neurosurgery; Karolinska University Hospital ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Stragliotto
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Neuropathology; Karolinska University Hospital ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine; Solna; Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institute ; Stockholm, Sweden
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Gokcan H, Yurtcu E, Selcuk H, Sahin FI. Fractalkine receptor polymorphism may not be associated with the development and clinical course of ulcerative colitis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:73-7. [PMID: 26042517 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3C), a chemokine expressed by epithelial cells within normal and inflamed colorectal mucosa, induces leukocyte adhesion and migration via fractalkine receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the fractalkine receptor gene as a risk factor both for the development and clinical findings of ulcerative colitis. In this study, 51 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 80 controls were recruited. Genotypes of fractalkine receptorc.745G>A (V249I) and c.839C>T (T280M) polymorphisms were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses after polymerase chain reaction.Genotype distribution and allele frequencies of V249I and T280M were not statistically significantly different between UC and control groups (p>0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between fractalkine receptor polymorphisms and clinical findings of UC. We observed no significant difference in fractalkine receptor polymorphism between patients and control group and no genotype-phenotype relation. Therefore, we concluded that fractalkine receptor polymorphisms may not contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Gokcan
- Ankara Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, Department of gastroenterology.
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Zhang X, Feng X, Cai W, Liu T, Liang Z, Sun Y, Yan C, Han Y. Chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are associated with human atherosclerotic lesion volnerability. Thromb Res 2015; 135:1147-53. [PMID: 25845619 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 have been emphasized in atherosclerosis recently. In this study we investigated the role of the chemokines CX3CL1 and their receptor CX3CR1 in atherogenesis and identified whether the genetic variations in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 impacted the atherosclerosis process in coronary artery disease (CAD) or not. METHODS CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in coronary and carotid artery specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry. CX3CR1 expression on CD4(+) CD28(-) T cells was analysed by flow cytometry. We also screened for CX3CL1/CX3CR1 sequence variations selected from the hapmap database and examined the association between CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CAD in the Chinese Han population. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining of tissue from CAD patients showed increased CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in atherosclerotic coronary and carotid artery plaques compared with normal arteries. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression was correlated with the severity of the atherosclerosis lesion. Patients with CAD also showed an increased number of CX3CR1(+) CD4(+) CD28(-) T cells. Compared with their corresponding wild-type genotypes, CX3CL1 rs170364 and CX3CR1 rs17793056 were associated with increased susceptibility to CAD. CONCLUSIONS CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may contribute to the formation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in CAD.CX3CL1 rs170364 and CX3CR1 rs17793056 polymorphisms may be independent genetic risk factors for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Xueyao Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Zhenyang Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, ShenYang Military General Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110840, China
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Magnusson MK, Strid H, Isaksson S, Bajor A, Lasson A, Ung KA, Öhman L. Response to infliximab therapy in ulcerative colitis is associated with decreased monocyte activation, reduced CCL2 expression and downregulation of Tenascin C. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:56-65. [PMID: 25518051 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cellular mechanisms leading to infliximab therapy response in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are incompletely known. We therefore investigated early effects of infliximab therapy on monocytes and associated chemokines linked to clinical therapy response in UC patients. METHODS Blood and biopsies were obtained from anti-TNF therapy-naïve UC patients (n = 43) before (baseline) and during induction therapy with infliximab. Therapy response was evaluated at Week 14. Expression of monocyte activation markers and levels of chemokines in serum and biopsies were determined. Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed in cultured mucosal biopsies, and obtained data was validated in serum. RESULTS In therapy responders, but not in non-responders, infliximab reduced blood monocyte expression of CD14 and CD86, 2 weeks after therapy commenced, relative to baseline. Serum CCL2 levels were decreased only among therapy responders at Week 2 and Week 14, relative to baseline. These data corresponded with lower levels of CD14, CD86 and CCL2 in intestinal tissue in responders as compared with non-responders at Week 14. Proteomic analysis of cultured biopsies showed that infliximab induced a reduction in Tenascin C that predicted downregulation of CCL2. Therapy responders, but not non-responders, had decreased serum Tenascin C levels at Week 2 and Week 14, relative to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Infliximab therapy response in UC patients is associated with reduced monocyte activation and serum levels of CCL2 2 weeks after therapy commencement. In therapy responders, infliximab influenced Tenascin C, which might be a regulator of CCL2 expression and important for induction of the clinical therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Magnusson
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gothenburg, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Strid
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Isaksson
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gothenburg, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antal Bajor
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lasson
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Borås, Sweden
| | - Kjell-Arne Ung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skaraborgs Hospital Skovde, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- University of Gothenburg, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Gothenburg, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lee JH, Kwok SK, Jung SM, Lee J, Lee JS, Baek SY, Kim EK, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY. Role of fractalkine in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome: increased serum levels of fractalkine, its expression in labial salivary glands, and the association with clinical manifestations. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:2425-38. [PMID: 25320221 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of fractalkine and identify the clinical effects of fractalkine and its receptor (CX3CR1) in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). METHODS Serum fractalkine levels were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was done to compare the expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 between salivary glands (SG) of patients with SS and controls. The cells to be merged with fractalkine were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Type of CX3CR1-expressing cells among infiltrating lymphocytes in SG was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Further, associations among fractalkine, proinflammatory cytokines, and clinical profiles were investigated. RESULTS Serum fractalkine levels in patients with pSS were higher than those in the control group (p = 0.026). SG expression of fractalkine and its receptor was upregulated in patients with pSS compared to that in the controls by immunohistochemistry. Higher histological grade was associated with more fractalkine-positive cells per total epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were the main fractalkine-expressing cell type in the SG. Serum fractalkine levels were significantly correlated with proinflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin 17: r = 0.685, p = 0.029; tumor necrosis factor-α: r = 0.444, p = 0.003), antinuclear antibody (r = 0.349, p = 0.022), and immunoglobulin G levels (r = 0.325, p = 0.044). Serum fractalkine levels in patients with extraglandular manifestations of pSS were significantly higher than in those without extraglandular manifestations (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Fractalkine and CX3CR1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS, including extraglandular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea.
| | - Seung Min Jung
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Seung Ye Baek
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.J.H. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; S-K. Kwok, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S.M. Jung, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J. Lee, MD, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Fellow; J.H. Ju, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Associate Professor; S-H. Park, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor; H-Y. Kim, MD, PhD, Appointment Physician, Rheumatology Specialist, Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine; J-S. Lee, Master's degree, Appointment Researcher; S.Y. Baek, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher; E-K. Kim, Bachelor's degree, Appointment Researcher, Rheumatism Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea
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Role of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its receptor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases with emphasis on B cell malignancies. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:480941. [PMID: 24799766 PMCID: PMC3985314 DOI: 10.1155/2014/480941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine/CX3CL1, the only member of the CX3C chemokine family, exists as a membrane-anchored molecule as well as in soluble form, each mediating different biological activities. It is constitutively expressed in many hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues such as endothelial and epithelial cells, lymphocytes, neurons, microglial osteoblasts. The biological activities of CX3CL1 are mediated by CX3CR1, that is expressed on different cell types such as NK cells, CD14+ monocytes, cytotoxic effector T cells, B cells, neurons, microglia, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory cancer including various B cell malignancies. In tumors the interaction between cancer cells and cellular microenvironment creates a context that may promote tumor growth, increase tumor survival, and facilitate metastasis. Therefore the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 has attracted interest as to the development of potential therapeutic approaches. Here we review the different effects of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and in cancer, with emphasis on human B cell lymphomas.
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Karlsson M, Linton L, Lampinen M, Karlén P, Glise H, Befrits R, Janczewska I, Carlson M, Winqvist O, Eberhardson M. Naïve T cells correlate with mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:66-74. [PMID: 24188321 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.853829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, adaptive immune responses involving T-helper cells have been shown to play an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate any correlation between the degree of mucosal inflammation and the phenotype of gut-infiltrating T-helper cells. Biopsies from intestinal mucosa were obtained and intestinal T cells were analyzed with regard to activity and maturation markers. Patients with active colitis (39 with Crohn's disease and 47 with ulcerative colitis) were included and treated with corticosteroids, biologicals or leukocytapheresis. Flow cytometry was used to analyze activation marker expression on gut-infiltrating T-helper cells. RESULTS Mucosal healing was reflected by almost 100% increase of CD62L expression in mucosal T cells in patients in remission compared to those with active inflammation (p < 0.01). The frequency of mucosal-naïve CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T cells was reduced by 50% in mucosa displaying remission (5.3% compared to 12% of the total amount and CD4(+) T cells, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, the proportion of early activated T-helper cells (CD4(+)CD69(+)) did not differ between mucosa in remission and non-remission (43% and 42%, respectively). Moreover, no change in memory T-helper cells (CD4(+)CD45RO(+)) was observed (64% compared to 66%). The findings were independent of diagnosis (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) or mode of treatment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a reduced recruitment of naïve T-helper cells and increased frequency of T-helper cells with lymph node homing marker expression reflect mucosal healing in IBD. Surprisingly, the degree of activation of mucosal T-helper cells did not correlate with disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet , Södersjukhuset, Stockholm , Sweden
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Abstract
During thymic development, thymocytes expressing a T cell receptor consisting of an alpha and beta chain (TCRαβ), commit to either the cytotoxic- or T helper-lineage fate. This lineage dichotomy is controlled by key transcription factors, including the T helper (Th) lineage master regulator, the Th-inducing BTB/POZ domain-containing Kruppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor, ThPOK, (formally cKrox or Zfp67; encoded by Zbtb7b), which suppresses the cytolytic program in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted CD4(+) thymocytes and the Runt related transcription factor 3 (Runx3), which counteracts ThPOK in MHC class I restricted precursor cells and promotes the lineage commitment of CD8αβ(+) cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). ThPOK continues to repress the CTL gene program in mature CD4(+) T cells, even as they differentiate into effector Th cell subsets. The Th cell fate however is not fixed and two recent studies showed that mature, antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells have the flexibility to terminate the expression of ThPOK and functionally reprogram to cytotoxic effector cells. This unexpected plasticity of CD4(+) T cells results in the post-thymic termination of the Th lineage fate and the functional differentiation of distinct MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) CTL. The recognition of CD4 CTL as a defined separate subset of effector cells and the identification of the mechanisms and factors that drive their reprogramming finally create new opportunities to explore the physiological relevance of these effector cells in vivo and to determine their pivotal roles in both, protective immunity as well as in immune-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Cheroutre
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Pollheimer MJ, Fickert P, Stieger B. Chronic cholestatic liver diseases: clues from histopathology for pathogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 37:35-56. [PMID: 24141039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cholestatic liver diseases include fibrosing cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. These and related cholangiopathies clearly display pathologies associated with (auto)immunologic processes. As the cholangiocyte's apical membrane is exposed to the toxic actions of the bile fluid, the interaction of bile with cholangiocytes and the biliary tree in general must be considered to completely understand the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies. While the molecular processes involved in the hepatocellular formation of bile are well understood in both normal and pathophysiologic conditions, those in the bile ducts of normal liver and in livers with cholangiopathies lag behind. This survey highlights key mechanisms known to date that are important for the formation of bile by hepatocytes and its modification by the biliary tree. It also delineates the clinical pathophysiologic findings for cholangiopathies and puts them in perspective with current experimental models to reveal the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Pollheimer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Fickert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Betjes MGH, Weimar W, Litjens NHR. Circulating CD4(+)CD28null T Cells May Increase the Risk of an Atherosclerotic Vascular Event Shortly after Kidney Transplantation. J Transplant 2013; 2013:841430. [PMID: 24288592 PMCID: PMC3830856 DOI: 10.1155/2013/841430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory CD4(+) T cells without the costimulatory molecule CD28 (CD4(+)CD28null T cells) are expanded in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and associated with atherosclerotic vascular events (AVE). In a prospective study, the number of circulating CD4(+)CD28null T cells was established in 295 ESRD patients prior to receiving a kidney allograft. Within the first year after transplantation, an AVE occurred in 20 patients. Univariate analysis showed that besides a history of cardiovascular disease (CVDpos, HR 8.1, P < 0.001), age (HR 1.04, P = 0.02), dyslipidaemia (HR 8.8, P = 0.004), and the % of CD4(+)CD28null T cells (HR 1.04 per % increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.09, P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the occurrence of a posttransplantation AVE. In a multivariate analysis, only CVDpos remained a significant risk factor with a significant and positive interaction between the terms CVDpos and the % of CD4(+)CD28null T cells (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.11, P < 0.001). Within the CVDpos group, the incidence of an AVE was 13% in the lowest tertile compared to 25% in the highest tertile of % of CD4(+)CD28null T cells. In conclusion, the presence of circulating CD4(+)CD28null T cells is associated with an increased risk for a cardiovascular event shortly after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Transplantation, D414, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Weimar
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Transplantation, D414, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H. R. Litjens
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Transplantation, D414, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu ZQ, Wu Y, Song JP, Liu X, Liu Z, Zheng PY, Yang PC. Tolerogenic CX3CR1+ B cells suppress food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Allergy 2013; 68:1241-8. [PMID: 24033604 DOI: 10.1111/all.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocytes are an important cell population of the immune regulation; their role in the regulation of food allergy has not been fully understood yet. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the role of a subpopulation of tolerogenic B cells (TolBC) in the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and in the suppression of food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. METHODS The intestinal mucosa-derived CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs were characterized by flow cytometry; a mouse model of intestinal T helper (Th)2 inflammation was established to assess the immune regulatory role of this subpopulation of TolBCs. RESULTS A subpopulation of CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ B cells was detected in the mouse intestinal mucosa. The cells also expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and carried integrin alpha v beta 6 (αvβ6). Exposure to recombinant αvβ6 and anti-IgM antibody induced naive B cells to differentiate into the TGF-β-producing TolBCs. Coculturing this subpopulation of TolBCs with Th0 cells generated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs. Adoptive transfer with the TolBCs markedly suppressed the food allergy-induced intestinal Th2 pattern inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs are capable of inducing Tregs in the intestine and suppress food allergy-related Th2 pattern inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.-Q. Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Hospital; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou; China
| | - Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - J.-P. Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; China
| | - X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - Z. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
| | - P.-Y. Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Hospital; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou; China
| | - P.-C. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University and Institute of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Shenzhen; China
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42
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Dai SX, Wu G, Zou Y, Feng YL, Liu HB, Feng JS, Chi HG, Lv RX, Zheng XB. Balance of CD8+ CD28+ / CD8+ CD28- T lymphocytes is vital for patients with ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:88-96. [PMID: 22851040 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune balances are important for many diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to explore the role of the balance between CD8+ CD28+ and CD8+ CD28- T lymphocytes for the immunological pathogenesis of UC. METHODS Sixteen patients with UC, 16 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 15 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The frequencies of CD8+ CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and colon tissue were tested using flow cytometry and immunofluorescent, respectively. The cytokines of the two lymphocytes were detected by protein chips and ELISA. The expression of the signal transducers, the JAK3 and STAT6, as well the transcription factors, the NFATc2 and GATA3, was all detected by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS For UC patients, the frequencies of CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocytes, together with the ratios of CD8+ CD28+ / CD8+ CD28- T lymphocytes in blood and colon tissue, were significantly lower than those in both IBS patients and healthy volunteers. But the frequencies of CD8+ CD28- T lymphocytes in blood and colon tissue of the UC patients were significantly higher than the other two groups. The concentration of IL-7 and -13, and the expression of JAK3 and STAT6 in UC patients, were significantly lower when compared with the other two groups. Conversely, the concentration of IL-12p40 and -15, and the expression of GATA3 and NFATc2 in UC patients, were significantly higher than both IBS and control group. CONCLUSIONS The balance of CD8+ CD28+ / CD8+ CD28- T lymphocytes plays a vital role in UC, while the balance tilt towards CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocytes is beneficial for patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xue Dai
- Emergency Department of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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43
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Innate immunity modulation by the IL-33/ST2 system in intestinal mucosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:142492. [PMID: 23484079 PMCID: PMC3591220 DOI: 10.1155/2013/142492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity prevents pathogens from entering and spreading within the body. This function is especially important in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, as these organs have a large surface contact area with the outside environment. In the intestine, luminal commensal bacteria are necessary for adequate food digestion and play a crucial role in tolerance to benign antigens. Immune system damage can create an intestinal inflammatory response, leading to chronic disease including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD of unknown etiology with increasing worldwide prevalence. In the intestinal mucosa of UC patients, there is an imbalance in the IL-33/ST2 axis, an important modulator of the innate immune response. This paper reviews the role of the IL-33/ST2 system in innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa and its importance in inflammatory bowel diseases, especially ulcerative colitis.
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44
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Regulation and gene expression profiling of NKG2D positive human cytomegalovirus-primed CD4+ T-cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41577. [PMID: 22870231 PMCID: PMC3409864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is a stimulatory receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T-cells, and γδ T-cells. NKG2D expression is normally absent from CD4+ T-cells, however recently a subset of NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells has been found, which is specific for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This particular subset of HCMV-specific NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells possesses effector-like functions, thus resembling the subsets of NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells found in other chronic inflammations. However, the precise mechanism leading to NKG2D expression on HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cells is currently not known. In this study we used genome-wide analysis of individual genes and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to investigate the gene expression profile of NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells, generated from HCMV-primed CD4+ T-cells. We show that the HCMV-primed NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells possess a higher differentiated phenotype than the NKG2D– CD4+ T-cells, both at the gene expression profile and cytokine profile. The ability to express NKG2D at the cell surface was primarily determined by the activation or differentiation status of the CD4+ T-cells and not by the antigen presenting cells. We observed a correlation between CD94 and NKG2D expression in the CD4+ T-cells following HCMV stimulation. However, knock-down of CD94 did not affect NKG2D cell surface expression or signaling. In addition, we show that NKG2D is recycled at the cell surface of activated CD4+ T-cells, whereas it is produced de novo in resting CD4+ T-cells. These findings provide novel information about the gene expression profile of HCMV-primed NKG2D+ CD4+ T-cells, as well as the mechanisms regulating NKG2D cell surface expression.
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45
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Nelson PJ, Teixeira MM. Dissection of inflammatory processes using chemokine biology: Lessons from clinical models. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Nakamura K, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Fukushima K, Nakajima M, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Increased expression of fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 in canine inflammatory bowel disease and their possible role in recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:226-35. [PMID: 22648046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 and its receptor CX(3)CR1 has been reported to play an important role in various human inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mediated by lymphocyte chemoattraction. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 in lymphocyte migration in canine IBD. IBD was diagnosed in 34 dogs, and 19 healthy beagles were used as normal controls. We quantified intestinal mRNA and protein expression of fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, and examined the localization of fractalkine in canine intestine by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CX(3)CR1 and surface antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Intestinal fractalkine and CX(3)CR1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in IBD dogs compared with the healthy control dogs. In addition, fractalkine expression on intestinal epithelial cells was significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa of IBD dogs compared with the healthy dogs. CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs were significantly elevated in IBD dogs and positively correlated with the histopathological severity of IELs infiltration. These CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs predominantly expressed markers for cytotoxic T cells. Almost all IELs expressed CD3, and the majority of cells expressed CD8 rather than CD4, which was analogous to the CX(3)CR1(+) PBMCs. These results suggest that the fractalkine-CX(3)CR1 interaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IBD through migration of IELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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47
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Pinto-Medel MJ, García-León JA, Oliver-Martos B, López-Gómez C, Luque G, Arnáiz-Urrutia C, Orpez T, Marín-Bañasco C, Fernández O, Leyva L. The CD4+ T-cell subset lacking expression of the CD28 costimulatory molecule is expanded and shows a higher activation state in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 243:1-11. [PMID: 22261542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease, in which T-cells are considered to play a pivotal role. CD28 is the quintessential costimulatory molecule on T-cells and its expression declines progressively with repeated stimulations, leading to the generation of CD28(-) T-cells. Our aim was to examine whether CD4(+)CD28(-) T-cells were enriched in MS patients, and characterize the phenotype of this subset in MS patients and healthy controls (HC). All these changes could provide these CD4(+)CD28(-) T-cell characteristics that might be involved in the pathogenesis of MS, turning this T-cell subset into a potential target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Pinto-Medel
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya and Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain
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48
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Molecular cloning and characterization of canine fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 145:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Broux B, Pannemans K, Zhang X, Markovic-Plese S, Broekmans T, Eijnde BO, Van Wijmeersch B, Somers V, Geusens P, van der Pol S, van Horssen J, Stinissen P, Hellings N. CX(3)CR1 drives cytotoxic CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells into the brain of multiple sclerosis patients. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:10-9. [PMID: 22123179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence, or ageing of the immune system, contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality seen in the elderly population. Premature immunosenescence is shown to occur in a subgroup of patients with autoimmune diseases. One of the main characteristics of immunosenescence is the expansion of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells in the blood. In this study, we investigate the potential contribution of these cells to disease processes in a subgroup of multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Characterization of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells in patients and healthy controls reveals that they have an inflammation-seeking effector-memory T cell phenotype with cytotoxic properties, as they expel cytotoxic granules in response to a polyclonal stimulus or MS-related autoantigens. We identify CX(3)CR1, the fractalkine receptor, as a selective marker to discriminate CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells from their CD4(+)CD28(+) counterparts. CX(3)CR1 expression enables CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells to migrate towards a fractalkine gradient in vitro. In addition, we find increased levels of fractalkine in the cerebrospinal fluid and inflammatory lesions of MS patients. We demonstrate for the first time that CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells accumulate in MS lesions of a subgroup of patients. Moreover, we have indications that these cells are cytotoxic in the target tissue. Overall, our findings suggest that CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells migrate in response to a chemotactic gradient of fractalkine to sites of inflammation, where they contribute to the inflammatory processes in a subgroup of patients with MS and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Broux
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Agoralaan, Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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50
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Candia E, Díaz-Jiménez D, Langjahr P, Núñez LE, de la Fuente M, Farfán N, López-Kostner F, Abedrapo M, Alvarez-Lobos M, Pinedo G, Beltrán CJ, González C, González MJ, Quera R, Hermoso MA. Increased production of soluble TLR2 by lamina propria mononuclear cells from ulcerative colitis patients. Immunobiology 2011; 217:634-42. [PMID: 22101184 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a type I pattern recognition receptor that has been shown to participate in intestinal homeostasis. Its increased expression in the lamina propria has been associated with the pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Recently, soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) variants have been shown to counteract inflammatory responses driven by the cognate receptor. Despite the evident roles of TLR2 in intestinal immunity, no study has elucidated the production and cellular source of sTLR2 in IBD. Furthermore, an increase in the population of activated macrophages expressing TLR2 that infiltrates the intestine in IBD has been reported. We aimed first to assess the production of the sTLR2 by UC and CD organ culture biopsies and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) as well as the levels of sTLR2 in serum, and then characterize the cell population from lamina propria producing the soluble protein. Mucosa explants, LPMCs and serum were obtained from UC, CD patients and control subjects. The level of sTLR2 was higher in conditioned media from organ culture biopsies and LPMCs from UC patients in comparison to CD and controls. Moreover, an inverse correlation between the content of intestinal and serum sTLR2 levels was observed in UC patients. Additionally, when characterizing the cellular source of the increased sTLR2 by LPMCs from UC patients, an increase in TLR2(+)/CD33(+) cell population was found. Also, these cells expressed CX3CR1, which was related to the increased levels of intestinal FKN in UC patients, suggesting that a higher proportion of TLR2(+) mononuclear cells infiltrate the lamina propria. The increased production of sTLR2 suggests that a differential regulating factor of the innate immune system is present in the intestinal mucosa of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Candia
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CL 8380453, Chile
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