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Alzahrani FA, Riza YM, Eid TM, Almotairi R, Scherschinski L, Contreras J, Nadeem M, Perez SE, Raikwar SP, Jha RM, Preul MC, Ducruet AF, Lawton MT, Bhatia K, Akhter N, Ahmad S. Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead. Cells 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 38667285 PMCID: PMC11049650 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir M. Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Contreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Muhammed Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F. Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
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2
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Lobos-González L, Oróstica L, Díaz-Valdivia N, Rojas-Celis V, Campos A, Duran-Jara E, Farfán N, Leyton L, Quest AFG. Prostaglandin E2 Exposure Disrupts E-Cadherin/Caveolin-1-Mediated Tumor Suppression to Favor Caveolin-1-Enhanced Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis in Melanoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16947. [PMID: 38069269 PMCID: PMC10707163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a membrane-bound protein that suppresses tumor development yet also promotes metastasis. E-cadherin is important in CAV1-dependent tumor suppression and prevents CAV1-enhanced lung metastasis. Here, we used murine B16F10 and human A375 melanoma cells with low levels of endogenous CAV1 and E-cadherin to unravel how co-expression of E-cadherin modulates CAV1 function in vitro and in vivo in WT C57BL/6 or Rag-/- immunodeficient mice and how a pro-inflammatory environment generated by treating cells with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alters CAV1 function in the presence of E-cadherin. CAV1 expression augmented migration, invasion, and metastasis of melanoma cells, and these effects were abolished via transient co-expression of E-cadherin. Importantly, exposure of cells to PGE2 reverted the effects of E-cadherin expression and increased CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 and metastasis. Moreover, PGE2 administration blocked the ability of the CAV1/E-cadherin complex to prevent tumor formation. Therefore, our results support the notion that PGE2 can override the tumor suppressor potential of the E-cadherin/CAV1 complex and that CAV1 released from the complex is phosphorylated on tyrosine-14 and promotes migration/invasion/metastasis. These observations provide direct evidence showing how a pro-inflammatory environment caused here via PGE2 administration can convert a potent tumor suppressor complex into a promoter of malignant cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Lo Plaza 680, Las Condes 7610658, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (E.D.-J.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
| | - Lorena Oróstica
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370007, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Victoria Rojas-Celis
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - America Campos
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eduardo Duran-Jara
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Lo Plaza 680, Las Condes 7610658, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (E.D.-J.)
- Subdepartamento Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago 7780050, Chile
| | - Nicole Farfán
- Cancer and ncRNAs Laboratory, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550611, Chile;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (N.D.-V.); (V.R.-C.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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D’Alessio A. Unraveling the Cave: A Seventy-Year Journey into the Caveolar Network, Cellular Signaling, and Human Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 38067108 PMCID: PMC10705299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1950s, a groundbreaking discovery revealed the fascinating presence of caveolae, referred to as flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, sparking renewed excitement in the field of cell biology. Caveolae are small, flask-shaped invaginations in the cell membrane that play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes, including endocytosis, lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. The structural stability and functionality of these specialized membrane microdomains are attributed to the coordinated activity of scaffolding proteins, including caveolins and cavins. While caveolae and caveolins have been long appreciated for their integral roles in cellular physiology, the accumulating scientific evidence throughout the years reaffirms their association with a broad spectrum of human disorders. This review article aims to offer a thorough account of the historical advancements in caveolae research, spanning from their initial discovery to the recognition of caveolin family proteins and their intricate contributions to cellular functions. Furthermore, it will examine the consequences of a dysfunctional caveolar network in the development of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D’Alessio
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Williams TM, Schneeweiss A, Jackisch C, Shen C, Weber KE, Fasching PA, Denkert C, Furlanetto J, Heinmöller E, Schmatloch S, Karn T, Szeto CW, van Mackelenbergh MT, Nekljudova V, Stickeler E, Soon-Shiong P, Schem C, Mairinger T, Müller V, Marmé F, Untch M, Loibl S. Caveolin Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcomes for Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in the GeparSepto Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3384-3394. [PMID: 37432976 PMCID: PMC10530448 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caveolin-1 and -2 (CAV1/2) dysregulation are implicated in driving cancer progression and may predict response to nab-paclitaxel. We explored the prognostic and predictive potential of CAV1/2 expression for patients with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant paclitaxel-based chemotherapy regimens, followed by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We correlated tumor CAV1/2 RNA expression with pathologic complete response (pCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in the GeparSepto trial, which randomized patients to neoadjuvant paclitaxel- versus nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. RESULTS RNA sequencing data were available for 279 patients, of which 74 (26.5%) were hormone receptor (HR)-negative, thus triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients treated with nab-paclitaxel with high CAV1/2 had higher probability of obtaining a pCR [CAV1 OR, 4.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-14.22; P = 0.003; CAV2 OR, 5.39; 95% CI, 1.76-16.47; P = 0.003] as compared with patients with high CAV1/2 treated with solvent-based paclitaxel (CAV1 OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.95; P = 0.040; CAV2 OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12-1.13; P = 0.082). High CAV1 expression was significantly associated with worse DFS and OS in paclitaxel-treated patients (DFS HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08-4.87; P = 0.030; OS HR, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.73-14.31; P = 0.003). High CAV2 was associated with worse DFS and OS in all patients (DFS HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.63; P = 0.006; OS HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22-5.17; P = 0.013), in paclitaxel-treated patients (DFS HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.12-5.43; P = 0.025; OS HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.48-12.09; P = 0.007) and in patients with TNBC (DFS HR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.48-14.85; P = 0.009; OS HR, 10.43; 95% CI, 1.22-89.28; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate high CAV1/2 expression is associated with worse DFS and OS in paclitaxel-treated patients. Conversely, in nab-paclitaxel-treated patients, high CAV1/2 expression is associated with increased pCR and no significant detriment to DFS or OS compared with low CAV1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | | | - Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institut für Pathologie Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
- Centre for Haematology and Oncology, Bethanien Frankfurt/M, Germany
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6
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Jiang X, Wu S, Hu C. A narrative review of the role of exosomes and caveolin-1 in liver diseases and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110284. [PMID: 37196562 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale (40-100 nm) vesicles secreted by different types of cells and have attracted extensive interest in recent years because of their unique role in disease development. It can carry related goods, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, to mediate intercellular communication. This review summarizes exosome biogenesis, release, uptake, and their role in mediating the development of liver diseases and cancer, such as viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other tumors. Meanwhile, a fossa structural protein, caveolin-1(CAV-1), has also been proposed to be involved in the development of various diseases, especially liver diseases and tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of CAV-1 in liver diseases and different tumor stages (inhibition of early growth and promotion of late metastasis) and the underlying mechanisms by which CAV-1 regulates the process. In addition, CAV-1 has also been found to be a secreted protein that can be released directly through the exosome pathway or change the cargo composition of the exosomes, thus contributing to enhancing the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells during the late stage of tumor development. In conclusion, the role of CAV-1 and exosomes in disease development and the association between them remains to be one challenging uncharted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui medical university, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui medical university, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui medical university, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Peruzzu D, Boussadia Z, Fratini F, Spadaro F, Bertuccini L, Sanchez M, Carollo M, Matarrese P, Falchi M, Iosi F, Raggi C, Parolini I, Carè A, Sargiacomo M, Gagliardi MC, Fecchi K. Inhibition of cholesterol transport impairs Cav-1 trafficking and small extracellular vesicles secretion, promoting amphisome formation in melanoma cells. Traffic 2023; 24:76-94. [PMID: 36519961 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a fundamental constituent of caveolae, whose functionality and structure are strictly dependent on cholesterol. In this work the U18666A inhibitor was used to study the role of cholesterol transport in the endosomal degradative-secretory system in a metastatic human melanoma cell line (WM266-4). We found that U18666A induces a shift of Cav-1 from the plasma membrane to the endolysosomal compartment, which is involved, through Multi Vesicular Bodies (MVBs), in the formation and release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Moreover, this inhibitor induces an increase in the production of sEVs with chemical-physical characteristics similar to control sEVs but with a different protein composition (lower expression of Cav-1 and increase of LC3II) and reduced transfer capacity on target cells. Furthermore, we determined that U18666A affects mitochondrial function and also cancer cell aggressive features, such as migration and invasion. Taken together, these results indicate that the blockage of cholesterol transport, determining the internalization of Cav-1, may modify sEVs secretory pathways through an increased fusion between autophagosomes and MVBs to form amphisome, which in turn fuses with the plasma membrane releasing a heterogeneous population of sEVs to maintain homeostasis and ensure correct cellular functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peruzzu
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Fratini
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Bertuccini
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carollo
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
| | - Francesca Iosi
- Core Facilities Technical Scientific Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- National Center for the control and evaluation of Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sargiacomo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Katia Fecchi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Protrusions in Developmental Signaling. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040039. [PMID: 36278544 PMCID: PMC9589955 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells communicate with each other to determine cell fate, guide migration, and shape morphogenesis. While the relevant secreted factors and their downstream target genes have been characterized extensively, how these signals travel between embryonic cells is still emerging. Evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are well defined in cell culture and cancer, offer a crucial means of communication in embryos. Moreover, the release and/or reception of EVs is often facilitated by fine cellular protrusions, which have a history of study in development. However, due in part to the complexities of identifying fragile nanometer-scale extracellular structures within the three-dimensional embryonic environment, the nomenclature of developmental EVs and protrusions can be ambiguous, confounding progress. In this review, we provide a robust guide to categorizing these structures in order to enable comparisons between developmental systems and stages. Then, we discuss existing evidence supporting a role for EVs and fine cellular protrusions throughout development.
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Gustafson CM, Roffers-Agarwal J, Gammill LS. Chick cranial neural crest cells release extracellular vesicles that are critical for their migration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260272. [PMID: 35635292 PMCID: PMC9270958 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The content and activity of extracellular vesicles purified from cell culture media or bodily fluids have been studied extensively; however, the physiological relevance of exosomes within normal biological systems is poorly characterized, particularly during development. Although exosomes released by invasive metastatic cells alter migration of neighboring cells in culture, it is unclear whether cancer cells misappropriate exosomes released by healthy differentiated cells or reactivate dormant developmental programs that include exosome cell-cell communication. Using chick cranial neural fold cultures, we show that migratory neural crest cells, a developmentally critical cell type and model for metastasis, release and deposit CD63-positive 30-100 nm particles into the extracellular environment. Neural crest cells contain ceramide-rich multivesicular bodies and produce larger vesicles positive for migrasome markers as well. We conclude that neural crest cells produce extracellular vesicles including exosomes and migrasomes. When Rab27a plasma membrane docking is inhibited, neural crest cells become less polarized and rounded, leading to a loss of directional migration and reduced speed. These results indicate that neural crest cell exosome release is critical for migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M. Gustafson
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julaine Roffers-Agarwal
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura S. Gammill
- Departmentof Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Madkhali Y, Rondon AMR, Featherby S, Maraveyas A, Greenman J, Ettelaie C. Factor VIIa Regulates the Level of Cell-Surface Tissue Factor through Separate but Cooperative Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153718. [PMID: 34359618 PMCID: PMC8345218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Under normal conditions, blood coagulation is suppressed to prevent thrombosis. However, during inflammatory conditions such as injury or disease conditions, the protein “tissue factor (TF)” is expressed on the surface of the cells and is also released into the bloodstream within cell-derived vesicles called “microvesicles”. TF appears first at the site of trauma which makes TF suitable for determining the extent of damage and instructing cells to proliferate and repair, or if severely damaged, to die. The relationship between cancer and thrombosis was reported in the early part of the 19th century. Cancer cells and particularly those with aggressive tendencies have the ability to produce, and then optimise the amount of TF on the cell, in order to maximise the pro-survival and proliferative properties of this protein. This study has demonstrated some of the mechanisms by which cells control excessive amounts of TF, to levels ideal for tumour survival and growth. Abstract Procoagulant activity of tissue factor (TF) in response to injury or inflammation is accompanied with cellular signals which determine the fate of cells. However, to prevent excessive signalling, TF is rapidly dissipated through release into microvesicles, and/or endocytosis. To elucidate the mechanism by which TF signalling may become moderated on the surface of cells, the associations of TF, fVII/fVIIa, PAR2 and caveolin-1 on MDA-MB-231, BxPC-3 and 786-O cells were examined and compared to that in cells lacking either fVII/fVIIa or TF. Furthermore, the localisation of labelled-recombinant TF with cholesterol-rich lipid rafts was explored on the surface of primary human blood dermal endothelial cells (HDBEC). Finally, by disrupting the caveolae on the surface of HDBEC, the outcome on TF-mediated signalling was examined. The association between TF and PAR2 was found to be dependent on the presence of fVIIa. Interestingly, the presence of TF was not pre-requisite for the association between fVII/fVIIa and PAR2 but was significantly enhanced by TF, which was also essential for the proliferative signal. Supplementation of HDBEC with exogenous TF resulted in early release of fVII/fVIIa from caveolae, followed by re-sequestration of TF-fVIIa. Addition of labelled-TF resulted in the accumulation within caveolin-1-containing cholesterol-rich regions and was also accompanied with the increased assimilation of cell-surface fVIIa. Disruption of the caveolae/rafts in HDBEC using MβCD enhanced the TF-mediated cellular signalling. Our data supports a hypothesis that cells respond to the exposure to TF by moderating the signalling activities as well as the procoagulant activity of TF, through incorporation into the caveolae/lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Madkhali
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (Y.M.); (S.F.); (J.G.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, P.O. Box 66, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Araci M. R. Rondon
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (Y.M.); (S.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (Y.M.); (S.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (Y.M.); (S.F.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1482-465-528; Fax: +44-(0)1482-465-458
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11
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Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:362-383. [PMID: 33649582 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Achieving sufficient delivery across the blood-brain barrier is a key challenge in the development of drugs to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This is particularly the case for biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies and enzyme replacement therapies, which are largely excluded from the brain following systemic administration. In recent years, increasing research efforts by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions and public-private consortia have resulted in the evaluation of various technologies developed to deliver therapeutics to the CNS, some of which have entered clinical testing. Here we review recent developments and challenges related to selected blood-brain barrier-crossing strategies - with a focus on non-invasive approaches such as receptor-mediated transcytosis and the use of neurotropic viruses, nanoparticles and exosomes - and analyse their potential in the treatment of CNS disorders.
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12
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is commonly considered to function as a cell surface protein, for instance in the genesis of caveolae. Nonetheless, it is also present in many intracellular organelles and compartments. The contributions of these intracellular pools to CAV1 function are generally less well understood, and this is also the case in the context of cancer. This review will summarize literature available on the role of CAV1 in cancer, highlighting particularly our understanding of the canonical (CAV1 in the plasma membrane) and non-canonical pathways (CAV1 in organelles and exosomes) linked to the dual role of the protein as a tumor suppressor and promoter of metastasis. With this in mind, we will focus on recently emerging concepts linking CAV1 function to the regulation of intracellular organelle communication within the same cell where CAV1 is expressed. However, we now know that CAV1 can be released from cells in exosomes and generate systemic effects. Thus, we will also elaborate on how CAV1 participates in intracellular communication between organelles as well as signaling between cells (non-canonical pathways) in cancer.
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13
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Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120475. [PMID: 33353043 PMCID: PMC7766072 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Whilst early detection of disease progression or metastasis can improve patient survival, this remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Importantly, these clinical challenges are not unique to humans, as melanoma affects many other species, including companion animals, such as the dog and horse. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny nanoparticles involved in cell-to-cell communication. Several protein and genomic EV markers have been described in the literature, as well as a wide variety of methods for isolating EVs from body fluids. As such, they may be valuable biomarkers in cancer and may address some clinical challenges in the management melanoma. This review aimed to explore the translational applications of EVs as biomarkers in melanoma, as well as their role in the clinical setting in humans and animals. A summary of melanoma-specific protein and genomic EV markers is presented, followed by a discussion of the role EVs in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Finally, herein, we reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of methods utilised to isolate EVs from bodily fluids in melanoma patients (human and animals) and describe some of the challenges that will need to be addressed before EVs can be introduced in the clinical setting.
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14
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Palacios-Ferrer JL, García-Ortega MB, Gallardo-Gómez M, García MÁ, Díaz C, Boulaiz H, Valdivia J, Jurado JM, Almazan-Fernandez FM, Arias-Santiago S, Amezcua V, Peinado H, Vicente F, Pérez Del Palacio J, Marchal JA. Metabolomic profile of cancer stem cell-derived exosomes from patients with malignant melanoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:407-428. [PMID: 33052601 PMCID: PMC7858120 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and life‐threatening form of skin cancer. It is characterized by an extraordinary metastasis capacity and chemotherapy resistance, mainly due to melanoma cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, there are no suitable clinical diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers for this neoplasia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new MM biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and effective disease monitoring. Exosomes represent a novel source of biomarkers since they can be easily isolated from different body fluids. In this work, a primary patient‐derived MM cell line enriched in CSCs was characterized by assessing the expression of specific markers and their stem‐like properties. Exosomes derived from CSCs and serums from patients with MM were characterized, and their metabolomic profile was analysed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) following an untargeted approach and applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this study was to search potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. Our results showed significant metabolomic differences in exosomes derived from MM CSCs compared with those from differentiated tumour cells and also in serum‐derived exosomes from patients with MM compared to those from healthy controls. Interestingly, we identified similarities between structural lipids differentially expressed in CSC‐derived exosomes and those derived from patients with MM such as the glycerophosphocholine PC 16:0/0:0. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomic‐based study aimed at characterizing exosomes derived from melanoma CSCs and patients' serum in order to identify potential biomarkers for MM diagnosis. We conclude that metabolomic characterization of CSC‐derived exosomes sets an open door to the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers in this neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Palacios-Ferrer
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - María Belén García-Ortega
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - María Gallardo-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Singular Research Centre of Galicia (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Spain
| | - María Ángel García
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry 3 and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Valdivia
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Miguel Jurado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Department of Oncology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M Almazan-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Department of Dermatology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Amezcua
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez Del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.,Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), University of Granada, Spain
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15
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 enhanced melanoma motility and growth requires a cysteine in the core protein transmembrane domain. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:365-375. [PMID: 31140988 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan that enhances malignant potential in melanoma and several other tumor types. CSPG4 functions as a transmembrane scaffold in melanoma cells to activate oncogenic signaling pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinases 1,2, that control motility, invasion and anchorage independent growth. Here, we demonstrate that CSPG4 promotes directional motility and anchorage independent growth of melanoma cells by organizing and positioning a signaling complex containing activated FAK to lipid rafts within the plasma membrane of migrating cells. This FAK-containing signal transduction platform, which consists of syntenin-1, active Src and caveolin-1 requires the cytoplasmic domain of CSPG4 for assembly. Enhanced directional motility promoted by this complex also requires a CSPG4 transmembrane cysteine residue C2230. Substituting C2230 with alanine (CSPG4) still permits assembly of the signaling complex, however Src remains in an inactive state. CSPG4 also fails to promote anchorage independent growth and activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1,2. Therapies that target the transmembrane domain of CSPG4 could be a novel strategy for limiting progression by disrupting its function as a compartmentalized motogenic and growth-promoting oncogenic signaling node.
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16
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Wang L, Yang C, Wang Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Tan Y, Kang C. Homotrimer cavin1 interacts with caveolin1 to facilitate tumor growth and activate microglia through extracellular vesicles in glioma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6674-6694. [PMID: 32550897 PMCID: PMC7295042 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays a critical role in glioma progression. However, little is known about the precise mechanism regulating EV secretion and function. Our previous study revealed that Cavin1 was positively correlated with malignancy grades of glioma patients, and that overexpressing Cavin1 in glioma cells enhanced the malignancy of nearby glioma cells via EVs. Methods: The current study used bioinformatics to design a variant Cavin1 (vCavin1) incapable of interacting with Caveolin1, and compared the effects of overexpressing Cavin1 and vCavin1 in glioma cells on EV production and function. Results: Remarkably, our results indicated that Cavin1 expression enhanced the secretion, uptake, and homing ability of glioma-derived EVs. EVs expressing Cavin1 promoted glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Cavin1 expressing murine glioma cells recruited and activated microglia via EVs. However, vCavin1 neither was loaded onto EVs nor altered EV secretion and function. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that Cavin1-Caveolin1 interaction played a significant role in regulating production and function of glioma-EVs, and may act as a promising therapeutic target in gliomas that express high levels of Cavin1.
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17
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Src-family kinase inhibitors block early steps of caveolin-1-enhanced lung metastasis by melanoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113941. [PMID: 32240650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In advanced stages of cancer disease, caveolin-1 (CAV1) expression increases and correlates with increased migratory and invasive capacity of the respective tumor cells. Previous findings from our laboratory revealed that specific ECM-integrin interactions and tyrosine-14 phosphorylation of CAV1 are required for CAV1-enhanced melanoma cell migration, invasion and metastasis in vivo. In this context, CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 mediated by non-receptor Src-family tyrosine kinases seems to be important; however, the effect of Src-family kinase inhibitors on CAV1-enhanced metastasis in vivo has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the effect of CAV1 and c-Abl overexpression, as well as the use of the Src-family kinase inhibitors, PP2 and dasatinib (more specific for Src/Abl) in lung metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells. Overexpression of CAV1 and c-Abl enhanced CAV1 phosphorylation and the metastatic potential of the B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Alternatively, treatment with PP2 or dasatinib for 2 h reduced CAV1 tyrosine-14 phosphorylation and levels recovered fully within 12 h of removing the inhibitors. Nonetheless, pre-treatment of cells with these inhibitors for 2 h sufficed to prevent migration, invasion and trans-endothelial migration in vitro. Importantly, the transient decrease in CAV1 phosphorylation by these kinase inhibitors prevented early steps of CAV1-enhanced lung metastasis by B16F10 melanoma cells injected into the tail vein of mice. In conclusion, this study underscores the relevance of CAV1 tyrosine-14 phosphorylation by Src-family kinases during the first steps of the metastatic sequence promoted by CAV1. These findings open up potential options for treatment of metastatic tumors in patients in which Src-family kinase activation and CAV1 overexpression favor dissemination of cancer cells to secondary sites.
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18
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Abstract
The glycolytic phenotype of the Warburg effect is associated with acidification of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we describe how acidification of the tumor microenvironment may increase the invasive and degradative phenotype of cancer cells. As a template of an extracellular acidic microenvironment that is linked to proteolysis, we use the resorptive pit formed between osteoclasts and bone. We describe similar changes that have been observed in cancer cells in response to an acidic microenvironment and that are associated with proteolysis and invasive and metastatic phenotypes. This includes consideration of changes observed in the intracellular trafficking of vesicles, i.e., lysosomes and exosomes, and in specialized regions of the membrane, i.e., invadopodia and caveolae. Cancer-associated cells are known to affect what is generally referred to as tumor proteolysis but little direct evidence for this being regulated by acidosis; we describe potential links that should be verified.
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19
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Mannavola F, D’Oronzo S, Cives M, Stucci LS, Ranieri G, Silvestris F, Tucci M. Extracellular Vesicles and Epigenetic Modifications Are Hallmarks of Melanoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E52. [PMID: 31861757 PMCID: PMC6981648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma shows a high metastatic potential based on its ability to overcome the immune system's control. The mechanisms activated for these functions vary extremely and are also represented by the production of a number of extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Other vesicles showing a potential role in the melanoma progression include oncosomes and melanosomes and the majority of them mediate tumor processes including angiogenesis, immune regulation, and modifications of the micro-environment. Moreover, a number of epigenetic modifications have been described in melanoma and abundant production of altered microRNAs (mi-RNAs), non-coding RNAs, histones, and abnormal DNA methylation have been associated with different phases of melanoma progression. In addition, exosomes, miRNAs, and other molecular factors have been used as potential biomarkers reflecting disease evolution while others have been suggested to be potential druggable molecules for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Stella D’Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (S.D.); (M.C.); (L.S.S.); (F.S.)
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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20
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Hood JL. Natural melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:251-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194813. [PMID: 31569731 PMCID: PMC6801704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that takes place during embryonic development, wound healing, and under some pathological processes, including fibrosis and tumor progression. The molecular changes occurring within epithelial cells during transformation to a mesenchymal phenotype have been well studied. However, to date, the mechanism of EMT induction remains to be fully elucidated. Recent findings in the field of intercellular communication have shed new light on this process and indicate the need for further studies into this important mechanism. New evidence supports the hypothesis that intercellular communication between mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs) and resident epithelial cells plays an important role in EMT induction. Besides direct interactions between cells, indirect paracrine interactions by soluble factors and extracellular vesicles also occur. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication, through the transfer of biologically active molecules, genetic material (mRNA, microRNA, siRNA, DNA), and EMT inducers to the target cells, which are capable of reprogramming recipient cells. In this review, we discuss the role of intercellular communication by EVs to induce EMT and the acquisition of stemness properties by normal and tumor epithelial cells.
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22
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Gonzalez-Molina J, Gramolelli S, Liao Z, Carlson JW, Ojala PM, Lehti K. MMP14 in Sarcoma: A Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Communication in Connective Tissues. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090991. [PMID: 31466240 PMCID: PMC6770050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are deadly malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin occurring at all ages. The expression and function of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase MMP14 is closely related to the mesenchymal cell phenotype, and it is highly expressed in most sarcomas. MMP14 regulates the activity of multiple extracellular and plasma membrane proteins, influencing cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) communication. This regulation mediates processes such as ECM degradation and remodeling, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of MMP14 in sarcomas will shed light on the mechanisms controlling the key processes in these diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the function and regulation of MMP14 and we discuss their relationship with clinical and pre-clinical MMP14 data in both adult and childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gonzalez-Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Gramolelli
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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23
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Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Caveolin-1-Enhanced Metastasis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080314. [PMID: 31362353 PMCID: PMC6723107 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein with a controversial role in cancer. This review will initially discuss earlier studies focused on the role as a tumor suppressor before elaborating subsequently on those relating to function of the protein as a promoter of metastasis. Different mechanisms are summarized illustrating how CAV1 promotes such traits upon expression in cancer cells (intrinsic mechanisms). More recently, it has become apparent that CAV1 is also a secreted protein that can be included into exosomes where it plays a significant role in determining cargo composition. Thus, we will also discuss how CAV1 containing exosomes from metastatic cells promote malignant traits in more benign recipient cells (extrinsic mechanisms). This ability appears, at least in part, attributable to the transfer of specific cargos present due to CAV1 rather than the transfer of CAV1 itself. The evolution of how our perception of CAV1 function has changed since its discovery is summarized graphically in a time line figure.
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de Queiroz RM, Oliveira IA, Piva B, Bouchuid Catão F, da Costa Rodrigues B, da Costa Pascoal A, Diaz BL, Todeschini AR, Caarls MB, Dias WB. Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway and Glycosylation Regulate Cell Migration in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:116. [PMID: 30891426 PMCID: PMC6411693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) is a branch of glycolysis responsible for the production of a key substrate for protein glycosylation, UDP-GlcNAc. Cancer cells present altered glucose metabolism and aberrant glycosylation, pointing to alterations on HBP. Recently it was demonstrated that HBP influences many aspects of tumor biology, including the development of metastasis. In this work we characterize HBP in melanoma cells and analyze its importance to cellular processes related to the metastatic phenotype. We demonstrate that an increase in HBP flux, as well as increased O-GlcNAcylation, leads to decreased cell motility and migration in melanoma cells. In addition, inhibition of N- and O-glycosylation glycosylation reduces cell migration. High HBP flux and inhibition of N-glycosylation decrease the activity of metalloproteases 2 and 9. Our data demonstrates that modulation of HBP and different types of glycosylation impact cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Muniz de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora Araújo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Piva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bouchuid Catão
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Matriz Extracelular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno da Costa Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Costa Pascoal
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lourenço Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Botelho Caarls
- Laboratório de Matriz Extracelular, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Automated phosphopeptide enrichment from minute quantities of frozen malignant melanoma tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208562. [PMID: 30532160 PMCID: PMC6287822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To acquire a deeper understanding of malignant melanoma (MM), it is essential to study the proteome of patient tissues. In particular, phosphoproteomics of MM has become of significant importance because of the central role that phosphorylation plays in the development of MM. Investigating clinical samples, however, is an extremely challenging task as there is usually only very limited quantities of material available to perform targeted enrichment approaches. Here, an automated phosphopeptide enrichment protocol using the AssayMap Bravo platform was applied to MM tissues and assessed for performance. The strategy proved to be highly-sensitive, less prone to variability, less laborious than existing techniques and adequate for starting quantities at the microgram level. An Fe(III)-NTA-IMAC-based enrichment workflow was applied to a dilution series of MM tissue lysates. The workflow was efficient in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and phosphosite localization; and from only 12.5 μg of sample, more than 1,000 phosphopeptides were identified. In addition, from 60 μg of protein material the number of identified phosphoproteins from individual MM samples was comparable to previous reports that used extensive fractionation methods. Our data set included key pathways that are involved in MM progression; such as MAPK, melanocyte development and integrin signaling. Moreover, tissue-specific immunological proteins were identified, that have not been previously observed in the proteome of MM-derived cell lines. In conclusion, this workflow is suitable to study large cohorts of clinical samples that demand automatic and careful handling.
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Campos A, Salomon C, Bustos R, Díaz J, Martínez S, Silva V, Reyes C, Díaz-Valdivia N, Varas-Godoy M, Lobos-González L, Quest AF. Caveolin-1-containing extracellular vesicles transport adhesion proteins and promote malignancy in breast cancer cell lines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2597-2609. [PMID: 30338706 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, whereby mortality is largely attributable to the development of distant metastasis. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a multifunctional membrane protein that is typically upregulated in the final stages of cancer and promotes migration and invasion of tumor cells. Elevated levels of CAV1 have been detected in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from advanced cancer patients. EVs are lipid enclosed vesicular structures that contain bioactive proteins, DNA and RNAs, which can be transferred to other cells and promote metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that CAV1 containing EVs released from breast cancer cells may enhance migration and invasion of recipient cells. EVs were purified from conditioned media of MDA-MB-231 wild-type (WT), MDA-MB-231 (shCAV1; possessing the plasmid pLKO.1 encoding a 'small hairpin' directed against CAV1) and MDA-MB-231 (shC) short hairpin control cells. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed an average particle size of 40-350 nm for all preparations. As anticipated, CAV1 was detected in MDA-MB-231 WT and shC EVs, but not in MDA-MB-231 (shCAV1) EVs. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of specific cell adhesion-related proteins, such as Cyr61, tenascin (TNC) and S100A9 only in WT and shC, but not in shCAV1 EVs. Importantly, EVs containing CAV1 promoted migration and invasion of cells lacking CAV1. We conclude that the presence of CAV1 in EVs from metastatic breast cancer cells is associated with enhanced migration and invasiveness of recipient cells in vitro, suggesting that intercellular communication promoted by EVs containing CAV1 will likely favor metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- America Campos
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism & Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Exosome Biology Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jorge Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism & Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Martínez
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism & Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism & Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Bío Bío Region, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, La Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Fg Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism & Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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Fu H, Yang H, Zhang X, Wang B, Mao J, Li X, Wang M, Zhang B, Sun Z, Qian H, Xu W. Exosomal TRIM3 is a novel marker and therapy target for gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:162. [PMID: 30031392 PMCID: PMC6054744 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Exosomes are critically involved in cancer development and progression. The exosomal contents have been suggested as ideal cancer biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the expression of exosomal proteins in the serum of gastric cancer patients and their roles in gastric cancer. Methods The proteomic profile of exosomes from the serum of gastric cancer patients was detected by using LC-MS/MS. The expression of TRIM3 in exosomes from the serum of gastric cancer patients and healthy controls was assessed by ELISA and western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TRIM3 expression in gastric cancer tissues and their matching adjacent tissues. The growth and migration abilities of gastric cancer cells with TRIM3 overexpression or knockdown in vitro were evaluated by colony formation assay and transwell migration assay. The effects of TRIM3 overexpression or knockdown on gastric cancer growth and metastasis in vivo were investigated by using subcutaneous xenograft tumor and peritoneal metastasis mouse model. The effects of TRIM3-overexpressing exosomes on gastric cancer growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo were also evaluated. Results We found that the expression levels of TRIM3 mRNA and protein were decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared to the matched control tissues. In addition, the levels of TRIM3 protein in the serum exosomes of gastric cancer patients were lower than that in healthy controls. We demonstrated that TRIM3 overexpression reduced while TRIM3 knockdown promoted the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo through the regulation of stem cell factors and EMT regulators. Moreover, exosomes-mediated delivery of TRIM3 protein could suppress gastric cancer growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that exosomal TRIM3 may serve as a biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis and the delivery of TRIM3 by exosomes may provide a new avenue for gastric cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0825-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Celus W, Di Conza G, Oliveira AI, Ehling M, Costa BM, Wenes M, Mazzone M. Loss of Caveolin-1 in Metastasis-Associated Macrophages Drives Lung Metastatic Growth through Increased Angiogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2842-2854. [PMID: 29212030 PMCID: PMC5732321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that tumor-associated macrophages take part in each step of cancer progression, less is known about the distinct role of the so-called metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs) at the metastatic site. Previous studies reported that Caveolin-1 (Cav1) has both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive functions. However, the role of Cav1 in bone-marrow-derived cells is unknown. Here, we describe Cav1 as an anti-metastatic regulator in mouse models of lung and breast cancer pulmonary metastasis. Among all the recruited inflammatory cell populations, we show that MAMs uniquely express abundant levels of Cav1. Using clodronate depletion of macrophages, we demonstrate that macrophage Cav1 signaling is critical for metastasis and not for primary tumor growth. In particular, Cav1 inhibition does not affect MAM recruitment to the metastatic site but, in turn, favors angiogenesis. We describe a mechanism by which Cav1 in MAMs specifically restrains vascular endothelial growth factor A/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-A/VEGFR1) signaling and its downstream effectors, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). Macrophage Cav1 signaling is critical for restraining lung metastatic growth Cav1 deletion in macrophages favors angiogenesis at the lung metastatic site Cav1 suppresses VEGF-A/VEGFR1 activity and its downstream effectors, MMP9 and CSF1
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Celus
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mathias Wenes
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Zanetti C, Gallina A, Fabbri A, Parisi S, Palermo A, Fecchi K, Boussadia Z, Carollo M, Falchi M, Pasquini L, Fiani ML, Sargiacomo M. Cell Propagation of Cholera Toxin CTA ADP-Ribosylating Factor by Exosome Mediated Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1521. [PMID: 29783743 PMCID: PMC5983816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report how the cholera toxin (CT) A subunit (CTA), the enzyme moiety responsible for signaling alteration in host cells, enters the exosomal pathway, secretes extracellularly, transmits itself to a cell population. The first evidence for long-term transmission of CT's toxic effect via extracellular vesicles was obtained in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. To follow the CT intracellular route towards exosome secretion, we used a novel strategy for generating metabolically-labeled fluorescent exosomes that can be counted by flow cytometry assay (FACS) and characterized. Our results clearly show the association of CT with exosomes, together with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) molecules, proteins required for translocation of CTA across the ER membrane into the cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy showed direct internalization of CT containing fluorescent exo into CHO cells coupled with morphological changes in the recipient cells that are characteristic of CT action. Moreover, Me665 cells treated with CT-containing exosomes showed an increase in Adenosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphate (cAMP) level, reaching levels comparable to those seen in cells exposed directly to CT. Our results prompt the idea that CT can exploit an exosome-mediated cell communication pathway to extend its pathophysiological action beyond an initial host cell, into a multitude of cells. This finding could have implications for cholera disease pathogenesis and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Zanetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Gallina
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Fabbri
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sofia Parisi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Palermo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Katia Fecchi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Carollo
- Core Facilities⁻Cytometry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Core Facilities⁻Cytometry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sargiacomo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Sato S, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles: important collaborators in cancer progression. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:149-163. [PMID: 29666212 PMCID: PMC6377252 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are released from cells and mediate cell-cell communication. EVs carry protein, lipid, and nucleic acid cargoes that interact with recipient cells to alter their phenotypes. Evidence is accumulating that tumor-derived EVs can play important roles in all steps of cancer progression. Here, we review recent studies reporting critical roles for EVs in four major areas of cancer progression: promotion of cancer invasiveness and motility, enhancement of angiogenesis and vessel permeability, conditioning premetastatic niches, and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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31
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Inhibition of neddylation facilitates cell migration through enhanced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in PC3 and U373MG cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:30. [PMID: 29301501 PMCID: PMC5755266 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein neddylation is a post-translational modification by a covalent conjugation with the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8). Although this process has been reported to participate in diverse cellular signaling, little is known about its role in cancer cell migration. Given a recent proteomics report showing that NEDD8 is downregulated in prostate cancer tissues versus normal prostate tissues, we tested the possibility that neddylation plays a role in cancer evolution, and then tried to identify target proteins of the neddylation. Methods The neddylation process was inhibited by transfecting cancer cells with NEDD8-targeting siRNAs or by treating the cells with a NAE1 inhibitor MLN4924. Cell migration was evaluated by an in vitro wound-healing assay and a Transwell migration assay. His/NEDD8-conjugated proteins were pulled down with nickel-affinity beads under a denaturing condition, and identified by Western blotting. All data were processed using the Microsoft Excel program and analyzed statistically by two-sided, unpaired Student’s t-test. Results Caveolin-1, which plays a critical role in cell migration, was identified to be conjugated with NEDD8. When the neddylation was inhibited, the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 at Tyr14 was augmented in PC3 and U373MG cells, thereby leading to increased cell migration. Such consequences by neddylation inhibition were abolished in the presence of a Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Conclusions NEDD8 seems to inhibit the Src-mediated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 by modifying the structure of caveolin-1 protein, which blocks the migration of cancer cells. Although the neddylation process is currently regarded as an emerging target for cancer therapy, our results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of neddylation could facilitate cancer invasion or metastasis at least in some types of cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3942-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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32
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Wang Z, Wang N, Liu P, Peng F, Tang H, Chen Q, Xu R, Dai Y, Lin Y, Xie X, Peng C, Situ H. Caveolin-1, a stress-related oncotarget, in drug resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37135-50. [PMID: 26431273 PMCID: PMC4741920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is both a tumor suppressor and an oncoprotein. Cav-1 overexpression was frequently confirmed in advanced cancer stages and positively associated with ABC transporters, cancer stem cell populations, aerobic glycolysis activity and autophagy. Cav-1 was tied to various stresses including radiotherapy, fluid shear and oxidative stresses and ultraviolet exposure, and interacted with stress signals such as AMP-activated protein kinase. Finally, a Cav-1 fluctuation model during cancer development is provided and Cav-1 is suggested to be a stress signal and cytoprotective. Loss of Cav-1 may increase susceptibility to oncogenic events. However, research to explore the underlying molecular network between Cav-1 and stress signals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxi Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianjun Chen
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Univeristy Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Situ
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Collage of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ortiz R, Díaz J, Díaz N, Lobos-Gonzalez L, Cárdenas A, Contreras P, Díaz MI, Otte E, Cooper-White J, Torres V, Leyton L, Quest AF. Extracellular matrix-specific Caveolin-1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 is linked to augmented melanoma metastasis but not tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40571-40593. [PMID: 27259249 PMCID: PMC5130029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a dual role in cancer. In advanced stages of this disease, CAV1 expression in tumor cells is associated with enhanced metastatic potential, while, at earlier stages, CAV1 functions as a tumor suppressor. We recently implicated CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 (Y14) in CAV1-enhanced cell migration. However, the contribution of this modification to the dual role of CAV1 in cancer remained unexplored. Here, we used in vitro [2D and transendothelial cell migration (TEM), invasion] and in vivo (metastasis) assays, as well as genetic and biochemical approaches to address this question in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. CAV1 promoted directional migration on fibronectin or laminin, two abundant lung extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which correlated with enhanced Y14 phosphorylation during spreading. Moreover, CAV1-driven migration, invasion, TEM and metastasis were ablated by expression of the phosphorylation null CAV1(Y14F), but not the phosphorylation mimicking CAV1(Y14E) mutation. Finally, CAV1-enhanced focal adhesion dynamics and surface expression of beta1 integrin were required for CAV1-driven TEM. Importantly, CAV1 function as a tumor suppressor in tumor formation assays was not altered by the Y14F mutation. In conclusion, our results provide critical insight to the mechanisms of CAV1 action during cancer development. Specific ECM-integrin interactions and Y14 phosphorylation are required for CAV1-enhanced melanoma cell migration, invasion and metastasis to the lung. Because Y14F mutation diminishes metastasis without inhibiting the tumor suppressor function of CAV1, Y14 phosphorylation emerges as an attractive therapeutic target to prevent metastasis without altering beneficial traits of CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Ortiz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Facultad de Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-Gonzalez
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SA, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Areli Cárdenas
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Díaz
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ellen Otte
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicente Torres
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F.G. Quest
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dorayappan KDP, Wallbillich JJ, Cohn DE, Selvendiran K. The biological significance and clinical applications of exosomes in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:199-205. [PMID: 27058839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized (20-100nm) vesicles released by a variety of cells and are generated within the endosomal system or at the plasma membrane. There is emerging evidence that exosomes play a key role in intercellular communication in ovarian and other cancers. The protein and microRNA content of exosomes has been implicated in various intracellular processes that mediate oncogenesis, tumor spread, and drug resistance. Exosomes may prime distant tissue sites for reception of future metastases and their release can be mediated by the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia). Ovarian cancer-derived exosomes have unique features that could be leveraged for use as biomarkers to facilitate improved detection and treatment of the disease. Further, exosomes have the potential to serve as targets and/or drug delivery vehicles in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review we discuss the biological and clinical significance of exosomes relevant to the progression, detection, and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Deepa Priya Dorayappan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John J Wallbillich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Popa IL, Milac AL, Sima LE, Alexandru PR, Pastrama F, Munteanu CVA, Negroiu G. Cross-talk between Dopachrome Tautomerase and Caveolin-1 Is Melanoma Cell Phenotype-specific and Potentially Involved in Tumor Progression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12481-12500. [PMID: 27053106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Dopachrome tautomerase (l-DCT), also called tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2), is a melanoma antigen overexpressed in most chemo-/radiotherapeutic stress-resistant tumor clones, and caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a main regulator of numerous signaling processes. A structural and functional relationship between DCT and CAV1 is first presented here in two human amelanotic melanoma cell lines, derived from vertical growth phase (MelJuSo) and metastatic (SKMel28) melanomas. DCT co-localizes at the plasma membrane with CAV1 and Cavin-1, another molecular marker for caveolae in both cell phenotypes. Our novel structural model proposed for the DCT-CAV1 complex, in addition to co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry data, indicates a possible direct interaction between DCT and CAV1. The CAV1 control on DCT gene expression, DCT post-translational processing, and subcellular distribution is cell phenotype-dependent. DCT is a modulator of CAV1 stability and supramolecular assembly in both cell phenotypes. During autocrine stimulation, the expressions of DCT and CAV1 are oppositely regulated; DCT increases while CAV1 decreases. Sub-confluent MelJuSo clones DCT(high)/CAV1(low) are proliferating and acquire fibroblast-like morphology, forming massive, confluent clusters as demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining and TissueFAXS quantitative image cytometry analysis. CAV1 down-regulation directly contributes to the expansion of MelJuSo DCT(high) subtype. CAV1 involved in the perpetuation of cell phenotype-overexpressing anti-stress DCT molecule supports the concept that CAV1 functions as a tumor suppressor in early stages of melanoma. DCT is a regulator of the CAV1-associated structures and is possibly a new molecular player in CAV1-mediated processes in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana L Popa
- Department of Protein Folding, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina L Milac
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia E Sima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petruta R Alexandru
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Pastrama
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian V A Munteanu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Negroiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania.
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Felicetti F, De Feo A, Coscia C, Puglisi R, Pedini F, Pasquini L, Bellenghi M, Errico MC, Pagani E, Carè A. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-222 is sufficient to increase tumor malignancy in melanoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:56. [PMID: 26912358 PMCID: PMC4765208 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence is showing that metastatic cell populations are able to transfer their characteristics to less malignant cells. Exosomes (EXOs) are membrane vesicles of endocytic origin able to convey their cargo of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRs), proteins and lipids from donors to proximal as well as distant acceptor cells. Our previous results indicated that miR-221&222 are key factors for melanoma development and dissemination. The aim of this study was to verify whether the tumorigenic properties associated with miR-222 overexpression can be also propagated by miR-222-containing EXOs. Methods EXOs were isolated by UltraCentrifugation or Exoquick-TC® methods. Preparations of melanoma-derived vesicles were characterized by using the Nanosight™ technology and the expression of exosome markers analyzed by western blot. The expression levels of endogenous and exosomal miRNAs were examined by real time PCR. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate transfer and uptake of microvesicles from donor to recipient cells. The functional significance of exosomal miR-222 was estimated by analyzing the vessel-like process formation, as well as cell cycle rates, invasive and chemotactic capabilities. Results Besides microvesicle marker characterization, we evidenced that miR-222 exosomal expression mostly reflected its abundance in the cells of origin, correctly paralleled by repression of its target genes, such as p27Kip1, and induction of the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus confirming its functional implication in cancer. The possible differential significance of PI3K/AKT blockade was assessed by using the BKM120 inhibitor in miR-222-transduced cell lines. In addition, in vitro cultures showed that vesicles released by miR-222-overexpressing cells were able to transfer miR-222-dependent malignancy when taken-up by recipient primary melanomas. Results were confirmed by antagomiR-221&222 treatments and by functional observations after internalization of EXOs devoid of these miRs. Conclusion All together these data, besides generally confirming the role of miR-222 in melanoma tumorigenesis, supported its responsibility in the exosome-associated melanoma properties, thus further indicating this miR as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and its abrogation as a future therapeutic option. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0811-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Felicetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Coscia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Errico
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Pagani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico DELL'IMMACOLATA-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Stenzel M, Tura A, Nassar K, Rohrbach JM, Grisanti S, Lüke M, Lüke J. Analysis of caveolin-1 and phosphoinositol-3 kinase expression in primary uveal melanomas. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 44:400-9. [PMID: 26590370 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the regulation of blood supply in primary uveal melanomas through caveolin-1 (Cav-1)/phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). METHODS The expression of Cav-1 and PI3K was analysed in 51 paraffin sections of metastatic (n = 30) and non-metastastic uveal melanomas (n = 21). Two trained observers quantified Cav-1 and PI3K immunofluorescensce expression by determining intensity of staining and percentage of positive cells. The expression was correlated with known prognostic factors. Besides angiogenesis by means of endoglin expression, the normal vasculature (von Willebrand Factor expression) was evaluated semi-quantitatively. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was analysed by CD31/PAS staining. RESULTS All examined specimens expressed Cav-1 with a mean of 90.34% Cav-1 positive cells (range, 3.23-100%). Metastatic disease was associated with a higher Cav-1 expression. The correlation of Cav-1 with well-established prognostic factors showed a significant association between Cav-1 expression and largest tumour diameter (P = 0.022), tumour node metastasis classification (P = 0.008) and invasion of optic nerve head (P = 0.048). PI3K was expressed by all uveal melanomas with a mean of 87.28% cells showing PI3K expression. A higher level of PI3K was significantly associated with larger height (P = 0.042) and progressed tumour node metastasis stage (P = 0.016). The percentage of PI3K and Cav-1 positive cells were significantly associated (P = 0.034). For PI3K and Cav-1 expression a non-significant association with VM was shown (P = 0.064 and P = 0.072, respectively). No correlation of PI3K or Cav-1 with angiogenesis or mature vasculature was seen (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cav-1 expression may be especially up-regulated in larger uveal melanomas. As it was correlated with PI3K expression and VM in this series of uveal melanoma, Cav-1 might induce the formation of VM via the PI3K-signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stenzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Khaled Nassar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Martin Rohrbach
- University Eye Hospital, Centre of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen,, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Lüke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Coscia C, Parolini I, Sanchez M, Biffoni M, Boussadia Z, Zanetti C, Fiani ML, Sargiacomo M. Generation, Quantification, and Tracing of Metabolically Labeled Fluorescent Exosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1448:217-35. [PMID: 27317184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3753-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the constant progression in exosome (Exo)-related studies highlighted the importance of these cell-derived nano-sized vesicles in cell biology and pathophysiology. Functional studies on Exo uptake and intracellular trafficking require accurate quantification to assess sufficient and/or necessary Exo particles quantum able to elicit measurable effects on target cells. We used commercially available BODIPY(®) fatty acid analogues to label a primary melanoma cell line (Me501) that highly and spontaneously secrete nanovesicles. Upon addition to cell culture, BODIPY fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into major phospholipid classes ultimately producing fluorescent Exo as direct result of biogenesis. Our metabolic labeling protocol produced bright fluorescent Exo that can be examined and quantified with conventional non-customized flow cytometry (FC) instruments by exploiting their fluorescent emission rather than light-scattering detection. Furthermore, our methodology permits the measurement of single Exo-associated fluorescence transfer to cells making quantitative the correlation between Exo uptake and activation of cellular processes. Thus the protocol presented here appears as an appropriate tool to who wants to investigate mechanisms of Exo functions in that it allows for direct and rapid characterization and quantification of fluorescent Exo number, intensity, size, and eventually evaluation of their kinetic of uptake/secretion in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Coscia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Zanetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sargiacomo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Alegre E, Zubiri L, Perez-Gracia JL, González-Cao M, Soria L, Martín-Algarra S, González A. Circulating melanoma exosomes as diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 454:28-32. [PMID: 26724367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is an aggressive cancer with an increasing incidence. Exosomes are actively secreted microvesicles, whose characteristics reflect those of the cell they are originated in. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the presence of the melanoma biomarkers MIA, S100B and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2) in exosomes and their potential clinical utility. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from stage IV melanoma patients, melanoma-free patients and healthy controls. Exosomes were precipitated and TYRP2, MIA and S100B concentrations were quantified in serum, exosomes, and exosome-free serum. RESULTS Both MIA and S100B were detected in exosomes and correlated significantly with serum concentrations (S100B: r=0.968; MIA: r=0.799; p<0.001). MIA and S100B concentrations in exosomes were significantly higher in melanoma patients than in healthy controls and disease-free patients. However, TYRP2 concentrations in exosomes did not differ between these three groups. ROC curves analysis rendered AUCs for MIA of 0.883 (p<0.01) and of 0.840 for S100B (p<0.01). Patients with exosome MIA concentration higher than 2.5 μg/L showed shorter median survival related to those with lower level (4 versus 11 months; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS MIA and S100B can be detected in exosomes from melanoma patients and their quantification presents diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyre Zubiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Spain
| | | | - María González-Cao
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro González
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Spain.
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Meehan K, Vella LJ. The contribution of tumour-derived exosomes to the hallmarks of cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:121-31. [PMID: 26479834 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small, biologically active extracellular vesicles and over the last decade, both stromal and tumour-derived exosomes (TDE) have been implicated in cancer onset, progression and metastases. Cancer is a complex disease that is underpinned by several "cancer hallmarks", originally described by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and then revised in 2011. The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities, along with two emerging hallmarks and two enabling characteristics that facilitate tumour growth and metastatic dissemination. Ample evidence supports a clear role for TDE in four of the original biological hallmarks (sustaining proliferative signalling, resisting cell death, inducing angiogenesis and activating invasion and metastases). A less-defined role exists for TDE in evading growth suppressors, and currently, there is no evidence to suggest a role for TDE in enabling replicative immortality. TDE are intimately involved in the newly defined hallmarks of cancer and enabling characteristics, most evidently in immune inhibition and tumour-promoting inflammation, which ultimately enable escape from immune destruction and tumour progression. Herein, we discuss the role of TDE in the context of the hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Meehan
- a School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia and
| | - Laura J Vella
- b Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Level 5 Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre , Heidelberg , Australia
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41
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Conde-Perez A, Gros G, Longvert C, Pedersen M, Petit V, Aktary Z, Viros A, Gesbert F, Delmas V, Rambow F, Bastian BC, Campbell AD, Colombo S, Puig I, Bellacosa A, Sansom O, Marais R, Van Kempen LCLT, Larue L. A caveolin-dependent and PI3K/AKT-independent role of PTEN in β-catenin transcriptional activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8093. [PMID: 26307673 PMCID: PMC4560817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN is frequent in human melanoma, results in MAPK activation, suppresses senescence and mediates metastatic behaviour. How PTEN loss mediates these effects is unknown. Here we show that loss of PTEN in epithelial and melanocytic cell lines induces the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of β-catenin independent of the PI3K-AKT-GSK3β axis. The absence of PTEN leads to caveolin-1 (CAV1)-dependent β-catenin transcriptional modulation in vitro, cooperates with NRAS(Q61K) to initiate melanomagenesis in vivo and induces efficient metastasis formation associated with E-cadherin internalization. The CAV1-β-catenin axis is mediated by a feedback loop in which β-catenin represses transcription of miR-199a-5p and miR-203, which suppress the levels of CAV1 mRNA in melanoma cells. These data reveal a mechanism by which loss of PTEN increases CAV1-mediated dissociation of β-catenin from membranous E-cadherin, which may promote senescence bypass and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Conde-Perez
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Gwendoline Gros
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Christine Longvert
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Valérie Petit
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Zackie Aktary
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Amaya Viros
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Florian Rambow
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | - Sophie Colombo
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - Isabel Puig
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | | | - Owen Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Leon C L T Van Kempen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lionel Larue
- Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Orsay 91405, France
- CNRS, UMR3347 Bat. 110, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- INSERM U1021, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
- Equipe labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
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42
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Kitowska A, Wesserling M, Seroczynska B, Szutowicz A, Ronowska A, Peksa R, Pawelczyk T. Differentiation of high-risk stage I and II colon tumors based on evaluation of CAV1 gene expression. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:408-14. [PMID: 26251082 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecular markers are currently being investigated for their prognostic or predictive value in colorectal cancer. One of the genes proposed, as a potential molecular marker in CRC is CAV1. METHODS The level of CAV1 expression was investigated in low-stage (I and II TNM) colon cancers using Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The level of CAV1 expression increased in tumors characterized by greater depths of invasiveness. The CAV1 expression level detected in tumors with a depth of invasion at stage T4 was significantly higher compared to that in T2 (P = 0.01) and T3 (P = 0.003) lesions. The length of a patient's survival depended on CAV1 expression level; the 10-year survival rate for patients with elevated expression of CAV1 was ∼59% compared with 91% for patients with reduced or unchanged expression of CAV1 (P = 0.007). The overall survival rate of patients with T3 + T4 lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.006) for patients with tumor displaying elevated CAV1 expression compared with patients with reduced or unchanged CAV1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of CAV1 expression offers valuable prognostic information for patients with colorectal cancer, and could be used to select patients with stage I or II disease, who are at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martyna Wesserling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Seroczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Central Bank of Tissue and Genetic Material, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Departemnt of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowska
- Departemnt of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Peksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pawelczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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43
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Tas F, Karabulut S, Tilgen Yasasever C, Duranyildiz D. Clinical significance of serum caveolin-1 levels in melanoma patients. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:558-62. [PMID: 26084616 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies, and its expression also strongly affects the outcomes of patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of caveolin-1 in patients with melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of melanoma were enrolled into this study. Serum caveolin-1 concentrations were determined by the solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the analysis. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 53.5 years, range 16-88 years. The baseline serum caveolin-1 levels of the patients with melanoma were significantly higher than in those in the control group (0.47 vs. 0.37 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.05). Known clinical variables, including age of patient, gender, site of lesion, histology, stage of disease, serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and response to chemotherapy, were not found correlated with serum caveolin-1 concentrations (P > 0.05). Moreover, serum caveolin-1 concentration was found to have no prognostic role on survival (P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of caveolin-1 may have a diagnostic marker in melanoma patients. However, its predictive and prognostic value was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Tas
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Karabulut
- Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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44
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Lazar I, Clement E, Ducoux-Petit M, Denat L, Soldan V, Dauvillier S, Balor S, Burlet-Schiltz O, Larue L, Muller C, Nieto L. Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:464-75. [PMID: 25950383 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important mediators in cell-to-cell communication and, recently, their role in melanoma progression has been brought to light. Here, we characterized exosomes secreted by seven melanoma cell lines with varying degrees of aggressivity. Extensive proteomic analysis of their exosomes confirmed the presence of characteristic exosomal markers as well as melanoma-specific antigens and oncogenic proteins. Importantly, the protein composition differed among exosomes from different lines. Exosomes from aggressive cells contained specific proteins involved in cell motility, angiogenesis, and immune response, while these proteins were less abundant or absent in exosomes from less aggressive cells. Interestingly, when exposed to exosomes from metastatic lines, less aggressive cells increased their migratory capacities, likely due to transfer of pro-migratory exosomal proteins to recipient cells. Hence, this study shows that the specific protein composition of melanoma exosomes depends on the cells' aggressivity and suggests that exosomes influence the behavior of other tumor cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Lazar
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emily Clement
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuelle Ducoux-Petit
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Denat
- UMR 3347 CNRS, U1021 INSERM, Institut Curie, Ligue nationale contre le cancer (Equipe labellisée), Orsay, France
| | - Vanessa Soldan
- Bat IBCG, Plateforme de Microscopie électronique intégrative (METi), FRBT CNRS FR3451, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Dauvillier
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Balor
- Bat IBCG, Plateforme de Microscopie électronique intégrative (METi), FRBT CNRS FR3451, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- UMR 3347 CNRS, U1021 INSERM, Institut Curie, Ligue nationale contre le cancer (Equipe labellisée), Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Nieto
- CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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45
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Abstract
It has been over 20 years since the discovery that caveolar lipid rafts function as signalling organelles. Lipid rafts create plasma membrane heterogeneity, and caveolae are the most extensively studied subset of lipid rafts. A newly emerging paradigm is that changes in caveolae also generate tumour metabolic heterogeneity. Altered caveolae create a catabolic tumour microenvironment, which supports oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells and which contributes to dismal survival rates for cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss the role of caveolae in tumour progression, with a special emphasis on their metabolic and cell signalling effects, and their capacity to transform the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Federica Sotgia
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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46
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Abstract
Melanomas are highly lethal skin tumours that are frequently treated by surgical resection. However, the efficacy of such procedures is often limited by tumour recurrence and metastasis. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been attributed roles as a tumour suppressor, although in late-stage tumours, its presence is associated with enhanced metastasis. The expression of this protein in human melanoma development and particularly how the presence of CAV1 affects metastasis after surgery has not been defined. CAV1 expression in human melanocytes and melanomas increases with disease progression and is highest in metastatic melanomas. The effect of increased CAV1 expression can then be evaluated using B16F10 murine melanoma cells injected into syngenic immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice or human A375 melanoma cells injected into immunodeficient B6Rag1−/− mice. Augmented CAV1 expression suppresses tumour formation upon a subcutaneous injection, but enhances lung metastasis of cells injected into the tail vein in both models. A procedure was initially developed using B16F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice to mimic better the situation in patients undergoing surgery. Subcutaneous tumours of a defined size were removed surgically and local tumour recurrence and lung metastasis were evaluated after another 14 days. In this postsurgery setting, CAV1 presence in B16F10 melanomas favoured metastasis to the lung, although tumour suppression at the initial site was still evident. Similar results were obtained when evaluating A375 cells in B6Rag1−/− mice. These results implicate CAV1 expression in melanomas as a marker of poor prognosis for patients undergoing surgery as CAV1 expression promotes experimental lung metastasis in two different preclinical models.
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47
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Smit MA, Maddalo G, Greig K, Raaijmakers LM, Possik PA, van Breukelen B, Cappadona S, Heck AJR, Altelaar AFM, Peeper DS. ROCK1 is a potential combinatorial drug target for BRAF mutant melanoma. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:772. [PMID: 25538140 PMCID: PMC4300494 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of BRAF mutant melanomas with specific BRAF inhibitors leads to tumor remission. However, most patients eventually relapse due to drug resistance. Therefore, we designed an integrated strategy using (phospho)proteomic and functional genomic platforms to identify drug targets whose inhibition sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition. We found many proteins to be induced upon PLX4720 (BRAF inhibitor) treatment that are known to be involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance, including FOXD3 and ErbB3. Several proteins were down-regulated, including Rnd3, a negative regulator of ROCK1 kinase. For our genomic approach, we performed two parallel shRNA screens using a kinome library to identify genes whose inhibition sensitizes to BRAF or ERK inhibitor treatment. By integrating our functional genomic and (phospho)proteomic data, we identified ROCK1 as a potential drug target for BRAF mutant melanoma. ROCK1 silencing increased melanoma cell elimination when combined with BRAF or ERK inhibitor treatment. Translating this to a preclinical setting, a ROCK inhibitor showed augmented melanoma cell death upon BRAF or ERK inhibition in vitro. These data merit exploration of ROCK1 as a target in combination with current BRAF mutant melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjon A Smit
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Maddalo
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kylie Greig
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linsey M Raaijmakers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Possik
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Breukelen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Cappadona
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Vella LJ. The emerging role of exosomes in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:361. [PMID: 25566500 PMCID: PMC4271613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis in cancer consists of multiple steps, including epithelial–mesenchymal-transition (EMT), which is characterized by the loss of epithelial-like characteristics and the gain of mesenchymal-like attributes including cell migration and invasion. It is clear that the tumor microenvironment can promote the metastatic cascade and that intercellular communication is necessary for this to occur. Exosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted by most cell types into the extracellular environment and they are important communicators in the tumor microenvironment. They promote angiogenesis, invasion, and proliferation in recipient cells to support tumor growth and a prometastatic phenotype. Although it is clear that exosomes contribute to cancer cell plasticity, experimental evidence to define exosome induced plasticity as EMT is only just coming to light. This review will discuss recent research on exosomal regulation of the EMT process in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jayne Vella
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre , Heidelberg, VIC , Australia ; The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health , Parkville, VIC , Australia
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49
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Aryani A, Denecke B. Exosomes as a Nanodelivery System: a Key to the Future of Neuromedicine? Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:818-834. [PMID: 25502465 PMCID: PMC4752585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the last decade, exosomes have been of increased interest in the science community. Exosomes represent a new kind of long distance transfer of biological molecules among cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the construction of exosomes, their targeting and their fusion mechanisms to the recipient cells. Complementarily, the current state of research regarding the cargo of exosomes is discussed. A particular focus was placed on the role of exosomes in the central nervous system. An increasing number of physiological processes in the brain could be associated with exosomes. In this context, it is becoming more apparent that exosomes are involved in several neurological and specifically neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment of these kinds of diseases is often difficult not least because of the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes are very stable, can pass the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, reveal bright perspectives towards diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. A prerequisite for clinical applications is a standardised approach. Features necessary for a standardised diagnosis using exosomes are discussed. In therapeutic terms, exosomes represent a promising drug delivery system able to pass the blood-brain barrier. One option to overcome the disadvantages potentially associated with the use of endogenous exosomes is the design of artificial exosomes. The artificial exosomes with a clearly defined therapeutic active cargo and surface marker ensuring the specific targeting to the recipient cells is proposed as a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Aryani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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50
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Malvi P, Chaube B, Pandey V, Vijayakumar MV, Boreddy PR, Mohammad N, Singh SV, Bhat MK. Obesity induced rapid melanoma progression is reversed by orlistat treatment and dietary intervention: role of adipokines. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:689-703. [PMID: 25499031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, owing to adiposity, is associated with increased risk and development of various cancers, and linked to their rapid growth as well as progression. Although a few studies have attempted to understand the relationship between obesity and melanoma, the consequences of controlling body weight by reducing adiposity on cancer progression is not well understood. By employing animal models of obesity, we report that controlling obesity either by orlistat treatment or by restricting caloric intake significantly slows down melanoma progression. The diminished tumor progression was correlated with decreased fat mass (adiposity) in obese mice. Obesity associated factors contributing to tumor progression were decreased in the experimental groups compared to respective controls. In tumors, protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), caveolin (Cav)-1 and pAkt, which are tumor promoting molecules implicated in melanoma growth under obese state, were decreased. In addition, increased necrosis and reduction in angiogenesis as well as proliferative markers PCNA and cyclin D1 were observed in tumors of the orlistat treated and/or calorically restricted obese mice. We observed that growth of melanoma cells cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from orlistat-treated adipocytes was reduced. Adipokines (leptin and resistin), via activating Akt and modulation of FASN as well as Cav-1 respectively, enhanced melanoma cell growth and proliferation. Together, we demonstrate that controlling body weight reduces adipose mass thereby diminishing melanoma progression. Therefore, strategic means of controlling obesity by reduced caloric diet or with antiobesity drugs treatment may render obesity-promoted tumor progression in check and prolong survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | | | - Purushotham Reddy Boreddy
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Naoshad Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Shivendra Vikram Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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