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Li M, Freeman S, Franco-Barraza J, Cai KQ, Kim A, Jin S, Cukierman E, Ye K. A bioprinted sea-and-island multicellular model for dissecting human pancreatic tumor-stroma reciprocity and adaptive metabolism. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122631. [PMID: 38815457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a formidable clinical challenge due to its intricate microenvironment characterized by desmoplasia and complex tumor-stroma interactions. Conventional models hinder studying cellular crosstalk for therapeutic development. To recapitulate key features of PDAC masses, this study creates a novel sea-and-island PDAC tumor construct (s&i PTC). The s&i PTC consists of 3D-printed islands of human PDAC cells positioned within an interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) populated by human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This design closely mimics the in vivo desmoplastic architecture and nutrient-poor conditions. The model enables studying dynamic tumor-stroma crosstalk and signaling reciprocity, revealing both known and yet-to-be-discovered multicellular metabolic adaptations. Using the model, we discovered the orchestrated dynamic alterations of CAFs under nutrient stress, resembling critical in vivo human tumor niches, such as the secretion of pro-tumoral inflammatory factors. Additionally, nutrient scarcity induces dynamic alterations in the ECM composition and exacerbates poor cancer cell differentiation-features well-established in PDAC progression. Proteomic analysis unveiled the enrichment of proteins associated with aggressive tumor behavior and ECM remodeling in response to poor nutritional conditions, mimicking the metabolic stresses experienced by avascular pancreatic tumor cores. Importantly, the model's relevance to patient outcomes is evident through an inverse correlation between biomarker expression patterns in the s&i PTCs and PDAC patient survival rates. Key findings include upregulated MMPs and key ECM proteins (such as collagen 11 and TGFβ) under nutrient-avid conditions, known to be regulated by CAFs, alongside the concomitant reduction in E-cadherin expression associated with a poorly differentiated PDAC state under nutrient deprivation. Furthermore, elevated levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and integrins in response to nutrient deprivation underscore the model's fidelity to the PDAC microenvironment. We also observed increased IL-6 and reduced α-SMA expression under poor nutritional conditions, suggesting a transition of CAFs from myofibroblastic to inflammatory phenotypes under a nutrient stress akin to in vivo niches. In conclusion, the s&i PTC represents a significant advancement in engineering clinically relevant 3D models of PDAC masses. It offers a promising platform for elucidating tumor-stroma interactions and guiding future therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Lewis Katz Temple School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Lewis Katz Temple School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Lewis Katz Temple School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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2
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Mian Y, Wang L, Keikhosravi A, Guo K, Misteli T, Arda HE, Finn EH. Cell type- and transcription-independent spatial proximity between enhancers and promoters. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar96. [PMID: 38717453 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific enhancers are critically important for lineage specification. The mechanisms that determine cell-type specificity of enhancer activity, however, are not fully understood. Most current models for how enhancers function invoke physical proximity between enhancer elements and their target genes. Here, we use an imaging-based approach to examine the spatial relationship of cell type-specific enhancers and their target genes with single-cell resolution. Using high-throughput microscopy, we measure the spatial distance from target promoters to their cell type-specific active and inactive enhancers in individual pancreatic cells derived from distinct lineages. We find increased proximity of all promoter-enhancer pairs relative to non-enhancer pairs separated by similar genomic distances. Strikingly, spatial proximity between enhancers and target genes was unrelated to tissue-specific enhancer activity. Furthermore, promoter-enhancer proximity did not correlate with the expression status of target genes. Our results suggest that promoter-enhancer pairs exist in a distinctive chromatin environment but that genome folding is not a universal driver of cell-type specificity in enhancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Mian
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Li Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Konnie Guo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - H Efsun Arda
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elizabeth H Finn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104
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3
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Li J, Bode K, Lee YC, Morrow N, Ma A, Wei S, da Silva Pereira J, Stewart T, Lee-Papastavros A, Hollister-Lock J, Sullivan B, Bonner-Weir S, Yi P. Loss-of-function of ALDH3B2 transdifferentiates human pancreatic duct cells into beta-like cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593941. [PMID: 38798376 PMCID: PMC11118503 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Replenishment of pancreatic beta cells is a key to the cure for diabetes. Beta cells regeneration is achieved predominantly by self-replication especially in rodents, but it was also shown that pancreatic duct cells can transdifferentiate into beta cells. How pancreatic duct cells undergo transdifferentiated and whether we could manipulate the transdifferentiation to replenish beta cell mass is not well understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we discovered that loss-of-function of ALDH3B2 is sufficient to transdifferentiate human pancreatic duct cells into functional beta-like cells. The transdifferentiated cells have significant increase in beta cell marker genes expression, secrete insulin in response to glucose, and reduce blood glucose when transplanted into diabetic mice. Our study identifies a novel gene that could potentially be targeted in human pancreatic duct cells to replenish beta cell mass for diabetes therapy.
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4
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Bertonnier‐Brouty L, Andersson J, Kaprio T, Hagström J, Bsharat S, Asplund O, Hatem G, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Prasad RB, Artner I. E2F transcription factors promote tumorigenicity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7187. [PMID: 38686617 PMCID: PMC11058697 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with limited treatment options, illustrating an urgent need to identify new drugable targets in PDACs. OBJECTIVE Using the similarities between tumor development and normal embryonic development, which is accompanied by rapid cell expansion, we aimed to identify and characterize embryonic signaling pathways that were reinitiated during tumor formation and expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report that the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F8 are potential key regulators in PDAC. E2F1 and E2F8 RNA expression is mainly localized in proliferating cells in the developing pancreas and in malignant ductal cells in PDAC. Silencing of E2F1 and E2F8 in PANC-1 pancreatic tumor cells inhibited cell proliferation and impaired cell spreading and migration. Moreover, loss of E2F1 also affected cell viability and apoptosis with E2F expression in PDAC tissues correlating with expression of apoptosis and mitosis pathway genes, suggesting that E2F factors promote cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis in PDAC cells. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate that E2F1 and E2F8 transcription factors are expressed in pancreatic progenitor and PDAC cells, where they contribute to tumor cell expansion by regulation of cell proliferation, viability, and cell migration making these genes attractive therapeutic targets and potential prognostic markers for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bertonnier‐Brouty
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Tuomas Kaprio
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Oral Pathology and RadiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Olof Asplund
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Gad Hatem
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN, Digital Cancer Precision MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Isabella Artner
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund UniversityMalmöSweden
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5
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Tang H, Miao X, Yu C, Chai C, Su Y, Li L, Yi J, Ye Z, Miao L, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xu H, Zhou W. A novel multidrug-resistant cell line from a Chinese patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9259. [PMID: 38649719 PMCID: PMC11035558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance poses clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment. Developing cell lines resistant to chemotherapy is crucial for investigating drug resistance mechanisms and identifying alternative treatment pathways. The genetic and biological attributes of pancreatic cancer depend on its aetiology, racial demographics and anatomical origin, underscoring the need for models that comprehensively represent these characteristics. Here, we introduce PDAC-X2, a pancreatic cancer cell line derived from Chinese patients. We conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics and tumorigenicity of the cell line. PDAC-X2 cells displayed epithelial morphology and expressed cell markers (CK7 and CK19) alongside other markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA and CA19-9). The population doubling time averaged around 69 h. In vivo, PDAC-X2 cells consistently maintained their tumorigenicity, achieving a 100% tumour formation rate. Characterised by a predominantly tetraploid karyotype, this cell line exhibited a complex genetic markup. Notably, PDAC-X2 cells demonstrated resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, PDAC-X2 presents an invaluable preclinical model. Its utility lies in facilitating the study of drug resistance mechanisms and the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing the prognosis of this tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Miao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changpeng Chai
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanhui Su
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Long Miao
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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6
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Bergeman MH, Hernandez MQ, Diefenderfer J, Drewes JA, Velarde K, Tierney WM, Enow JA, Glenn HL, Rahman MM, Hogue IB. Individual herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) particles exit by exocytosis and accumulate at preferential egress sites. J Virol 2024; 98:e0178523. [PMID: 38193690 PMCID: PMC10883806 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01785-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) produces a lifelong infection in the majority of the world's population. While the generalities of alpha herpesvirus assembly and egress pathways are known, the precise molecular and spatiotemporal details remain unclear. In order to study this aspect of HSV-1 infection, we engineered a recombinant HSV-1 strain expressing a pH-sensitive reporter, gM-pHluorin. Using a variety of fluorescent microscopy modalities, we can detect individual virus particles undergoing intracellular transport and exocytosis at the plasma membrane. We show that particles exit from epithelial cells individually, not bulk release of many particles at once, as has been reported for other viruses. In multiple cell types, HSV-1 particles accumulate over time at the cell periphery and cell-cell contacts. We show that this accumulation effect is the result of individual particles undergoing exocytosis at preferential sites and that these egress sites can contribute to cell-cell spread. We also show that the viral membrane proteins gE, gI, and US9, which have important functions in intracellular transport in neurons, are not required for preferential egress and clustering in non-neuronal cells. Importantly, by comparing HSV-1 to a related alpha herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus, we show that this preferential exocytosis and clustering effect are cell type dependent, not virus dependent. This preferential egress and clustering appear to be the result of the arrangement of the microtubule cytoskeleton, as virus particles co-accumulate at the same cell protrusions as an exogenous plus end-directed kinesin motor.IMPORTANCEAlpha herpesviruses produce lifelong infections in their human and animal hosts. The majority of people in the world are infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which typically causes recurrent oral or genital lesions. However, HSV-1 can also spread to the central nervous system, causing severe encephalitis, and might also contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Many of the steps of how these viruses infect and replicate inside host cells are known in depth, but the final step, exiting from the infected cell, is not fully understood. In this study, we engineered a novel variant of HSV-1 that allows us to visualize how individual virus particles exit from infected cells. With this imaging assay, we investigated preferential egress site formation in certain cell types and their contribution to the cell-cell spread of HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Bergeman
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Michaella Q. Hernandez
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jake A. Drewes
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kimberly Velarde
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Wesley M. Tierney
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Junior A. Enow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Honor L. Glenn
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ian B. Hogue
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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7
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Salu P, Reindl KM. Advancements in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2024; 53:e205-e220. [PMID: 38206758 PMCID: PMC10842038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest of all cancer types with a 5-year overall survival rate of just 12%. Preclinical models available for understanding the disease pathophysiology have evolved significantly in recent years. Traditionally, commercially available 2-dimensional cell lines were developed to investigate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, these cells grow as monolayer cultures that lack heterogeneity and do not effectively represent tumor biology. Developing patient-derived xenografts and genetically engineered mouse models led to increased cellular heterogeneity, molecular diversity, and tissues that histologically represent the original patient tumors. However, these models are relatively expensive and very timing consuming. More recently, the advancement of fast and inexpensive in vitro models that better mimic disease conditions in vivo are on the rise. Three-dimensional cultures like organoids and spheroids have gained popularity and are considered to recapitulate complex disease characteristics. In addition, computational genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomic models are being developed to simulate pancreatic cancer progression and predict better treatment strategies. Herein, we review the challenges associated with pancreatic cancer research and available analytical models. We suggest that an integrated approach toward using these models may allow for developing new strategies for pancreatic cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Salu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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8
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Deng Z, Loyher PL, Lazarov T, Li L, Shen Z, Bhinder B, Yang H, Zhong Y, Alberdi A, Massague J, Sun JC, Benezra R, Glass CK, Elemento O, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Geissmann F. The nuclear factor ID3 endows macrophages with a potent anti-tumour activity. Nature 2024; 626:864-873. [PMID: 38326607 PMCID: PMC10881399 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage activation is controlled by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors1-7, which protect normal tissues from excessive damage during infection8,9 but promote tumour growth and metastasis in cancer7,10. Here we report that the Kupffer cell lineage-determining factor ID3 controls this balance and selectively endows Kupffer cells with the ability to phagocytose live tumour cells and orchestrate the recruitment, proliferation and activation of natural killer and CD8 T lymphoid effector cells in the liver to restrict the growth of a variety of tumours. ID3 shifts the macrophage inhibitory/activating receptor balance to promote the phagocytic and lymphoid response, at least in part by buffering the binding of the transcription factors ELK1 and E2A at the SIRPA locus. Furthermore, loss- and gain-of-function experiments demonstrate that ID3 is sufficient to confer this potent anti-tumour activity to mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages and human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived macrophages. Expression of ID3 is therefore necessary and sufficient to endow macrophages with the ability to form an efficient anti-tumour niche, which could be harnessed for cell therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihou Deng
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Loyher
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Li
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeyang Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hairu Yang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Araitz Alberdi
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Massague
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Kammerer S, Nowak E, Mantke R, Jung F, Küpper JH. In vitro simulation of the liver first-pass effect with biotransformation-competent HepG2 cells to study effects of MG-132 on liver and cancer cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 86:159-168. [PMID: 37638428 DOI: 10.3233/ch-238108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver biotransformation is the major route for drug metabolism in humans, often catalysed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. This first-pass effect can lead to hepatotoxicity and influences the bioavailability of drugs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish in vitro culture systems simulating the liver first-pass to study effects of the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 simultaneously on hepatocytes and cancer cells. METHODS The first-pass effect was simulated by conditioned medium transfer (CMT) from pre-treated HepG2 CYP3A4-overexpressing cells to either pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 or primary colon cancer cells, and by indirect co-culture (CC) of liver and cancer cells in a shared medium compartment. Experimental proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was used as test substance as it is detoxified by CYP3A4. RESULTS Cancer cells showed higher viabilities in the first-pass simulation by CMT and CC formats when compared to monocultures indicating effective detoxification of MG-132 by HepG2 CYP3A4-overexpressing cells. HepG2-CYP3A4 cells showed reduced viabilites after treatment with MG-132. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established two different culture systems to simulate the liver first-pass effect in vitro. Such systems easily allow to study drug effects simultaneously on liver and on target cancer cells. They are of great value in pre-clinical cancer research, pharmaceutical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kammerer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Nowak
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- MVZ Gemeinschaftslabor Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
| | - René Mantke
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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10
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Bugbee T, Gathoni M, Payne C, Blubaugh M, Matlock K, Wixson T, Lu A, Stancic S, Chung PA, Palinski R, Wallace N. Inhibition of p300 increases cytotoxicity of cisplatin in pancreatic cancer cells. Gene 2023; 888:147762. [PMID: 37666373 PMCID: PMC10563798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a notoriously deadly disease with a five-year survival rate around 10 percent. Since early detection of these tumors is difficult, pancreatic cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stages. At this point, genotoxic chemotherapeutics can be used to manage tumor growth. However, side effects of these drugs are severe, limiting the amount of treatment that can be given and resulting in sub-optimal dosing. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify chemo-sensitizing agents that can lower the effective dose of genotoxic agents and as a result reduce the side effects. Here, we use transformed and non-transformed pancreatic cell lines to evaluate DNA repair inhibitors as chemo-sensitizing agents. We used a novel next generation sequencing approach to demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cells have a reduced ability to faithfully repair DNA damage. We then determine the extent that two DNA repair inhibitors (CCS1477, a small molecule inhibitor of p300, and ART558, a small molecule inhibitor of polymerase theta) can exploit this repair deficiency to make pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to cisplatin, a commonly used genotoxic chemotherapeutic. Immunofluorescence microscopy and cell viability assays show that CCS1477 delayed repair and significantly sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin. The increased toxicity was not seen in a non-transformed pancreatic cell line. We also found that while ART558 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin, it also sensitized non-transformed pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bugbee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mary Gathoni
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Carlie Payne
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Morgan Blubaugh
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Kaydn Matlock
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Taylor Wixson
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Andrea Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Steven Stancic
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Peter A Chung
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Rachel Palinski
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nicholas Wallace
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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11
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Zhang T, Liu X, Rossio V, Dawson SL, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Enhancing Proteome Coverage by Using Strong Anion-Exchange in Tandem with Basic-pH Reversed-Phase Chromatography for Sample Multiplexing-Based Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2023:10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00492. [PMID: 37962907 PMCID: PMC11090996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sample multiplexing-based proteomic strategies rely on fractionation to improve proteome coverage. Tandem mass tag (TMT) experiments, for example, can currently accommodate up to 18 samples with proteins spanning several orders of magnitude, thus necessitating fractionation to achieve reasonable proteome coverage. Here, we present a simple yet effective peptide fractionation strategy that partitions a pooled TMT sample with a two-step elution using a strong anion-exchange (SAX) spin column prior to gradient-based basic pH reversed-phase (BPRP) fractionation. We highlight our strategy with a TMTpro18-plex experiment using nine diverse human cell lines in biological duplicate. We collected three data sets, one using only BPRP fractionation and two others of each SAX-partition followed by BPRP. The three data sets quantified a similar number of proteins and peptides, and the data highlight noticeable differences in the distribution of peptide charge and isoelectric point between the SAX partitions. The combined SAX partition data set contributed 10% more proteins and 20% more unique peptides that were not quantified by BPRP fractionation alone. In addition to this improved fractionation strategy, we provide an online resource of relative abundance profiles for over 11,000 proteins across the nine human cell lines, as well as two additional experiments using ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shane L Dawson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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12
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Kim JW, Choi J, Park MN, Kim B. Apoptotic Effect of Gallic Acid via Regulation of p-p38 and ER Stress in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Cells Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15236. [PMID: 37894916 PMCID: PMC10607041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is currently recognized as the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality among individuals of both genders. It is projected that a significant number of individuals will succumb to this disease in the forthcoming years. Extensive research and validation have been conducted on both gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil as viable therapeutic options for PC. Nevertheless, despite concerted attempts to enhance treatment outcomes, PC continues to pose significant challenges in terms of achieving effective treatment alone through chemotherapy. Gallic acid, an endogenous chemical present in various botanical preparations, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential as an anticancer agent. The results of the study demonstrated that gallic acid exerted a decline in cell viability that was dependent on its concentration. Furthermore, it efficiently suppressed cell proliferation in PC cells. This study observed a positive correlation between gallic acid and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it confirmed the upregulation of proteins associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, which is one of the pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the administration of gallic acid resulted in verified alterations in the transmission of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. Notably, an elevation in the levels of p-p38, which represents the phosphorylated state of p38 MAPK was detected. The scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), has shown inhibitory effects on phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In both instances, the levels of PARP have been successfully reinstated. In other words, the study discovered a correlation between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p38 signaling pathway. Consequently, gallic acid induces the activation of both the p38 pathway and the ER stress pathway through the generation of ROS, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. The outcomes of this study provide compelling evidence to support the notion that gallic acid possesses considerable promise as a viable therapeutic intervention for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea; (J.W.K.); (J.C.); (M.N.P.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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13
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Stefàno E, Cossa LG, De Castro F, De Luca E, Vergaro V, My G, Rovito G, Migoni D, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Evaluation of the Antitumor Effects of Platinum-Based [Pt( η1-C 2H 4-OR)(DMSO)(phen)] + (R = Me, Et) Cationic Organometallic Complexes on Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:5564624. [PMID: 37727647 PMCID: PMC10506884 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5564624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, due to its rapid progression, invasiveness, and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this work, we evaluated the antiproliferative and antimigratory activities of the two organometallic compounds, [Pt(η1-C2H4-OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (1) and [Pt(η1-C2H4-OEt)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (2), on three human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with different sensitivity to cisplatin (Mia PaCa-2, PANC-1, and YAPC). The two cationic analogues showed superimposable antiproliferative effects on the tested cells, without significant differences depending on alkyl chain length (Me or Et). On the other hand, they demonstrated to be more effective than cisplatin, especially on YAPC cancer cells. For the interesting cytotoxic activity observed on YAPC, further biological assays were performed, on this cancer cell line, to evaluate the apoptotic and antimetastatic properties of the considered platinum compounds (1 and 2). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 compounds appeared to be related to their intracellular accumulation, which was much faster than that of cisplatin. Both 1 and 2 compounds significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, with a high accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells, compared to cisplatin. Moreover, phenanthroline-containing complexes caused a rapid loss of mitochondria membrane potential, ΔΨM, if compared to cisplatin, probably due to their cationic and lipophilic properties. On 3D tumor spheroids, 1 and 2 significantly reduced migrated area more than cisplatin, confirming an antimetastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Erik De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia My
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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14
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Zhang C, Lei D, Zhou Y, Zhong T, Li X, Ai W, Zheng B, Liu J, Piao Y, Yan Z, Lai Z. Identifying a baicalein-related prognostic signature contributes to prognosis prediction and tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223650. [PMID: 37575248 PMCID: PMC10416623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant and lethal human cancers in the world due to its high metastatic potential, and patients with PDAC have a poor prognosis, yet quite little is understood regarding the underlying biological mechanisms of its high metastatic capacity. Baicalein has a dramatic anti-tumor function in the treatment of different types of cancer. However, the therapeutic effects of baicalein on human PDAC and its mechanisms of action have not been extensively understood. In order to explore the biological characteristic, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical value of baicalein in inhibiting the metastatic capacity of PDAC. We performed several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. We first examined the potential regulation of baicalein in the metastatic capacity of PDAC cells. We showed that baicalein could dramatically suppress liver metastasis of PDAC cells with highly metastatic potential in mice model. The high-throughput sequencing analysis was employed to explore the biological roles of baicalein in PDAC cells. We found that baicalein might be involved in the infiltration of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAF) in PDAC. Moreover, a baicalein-related risk model and a lncRNA-related model were built by Cox analysis according to the data set of PDAC from TCGA database which suggested a clinical value of baicalein. Finally, we revealed a potential downstream target of baicalein in PDAC, we proposed that baicalein might contribute to the infiltration of CAF via FGFBP1. Thus, we uncovered a novel role for baicalein in regulation of PDAC liver metastasis that may contribute to its anti-cancer effect. We proposed that baicalein might suppress PDAC liver metastasis via regulation of FGFBP1-mediated CAF infiltration. Our results provide a new perspective on clinical utility of baicalein and open new avenues for the inhibition of liver-metastasis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Defeng Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongning Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University. Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicui Piao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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15
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Karimzadeh M, Arlidge C, Rostami A, Lupien M, Bratman SV, Hoffman MM. Human papillomavirus integration transforms chromatin to drive oncogenesis. Genome Biol 2023; 24:142. [PMID: 37365652 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives almost all cervical cancers and up to 70% of head and neck cancers. Frequent integration into the host genome occurs predominantly in tumorigenic types of HPV. We hypothesize that changes in chromatin state at the location of integration can result in changes in gene expression that contribute to the tumorigenicity of HPV. RESULTS We find that viral integration events often occur along with changes in chromatin state and expression of genes near the integration site. We investigate whether introduction of new transcription factor binding sites due to HPV integration could invoke these changes. Some regions within the HPV genome, particularly the position of a conserved CTCF binding site, show enriched chromatin accessibility signal. ChIP-seq reveals that the conserved CTCF binding site within the HPV genome binds CTCF in 4 HPV+ cancer cell lines. Significant changes in CTCF binding pattern and increases in chromatin accessibility occur exclusively within 100 kbp of HPV integration sites. The chromatin changes co-occur with out-sized changes in transcription and alternative splicing of local genes. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HPV+ tumors indicates that HPV integration upregulates genes which have significantly higher essentiality scores compared to randomly selected upregulated genes from the same tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that introduction of a new CTCF binding site due to HPV integration reorganizes chromatin state and upregulates genes essential for tumor viability in some HPV+ tumors. These findings emphasize a newly recognized role of HPV integration in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Arlidge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariana Rostami
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael M Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Dinter J, Friedrich RP, Yang H, Pilarsky C, Mangge H, Pöttler M, Janko C, Alexiou C, Lyer S. Mitoxantrone and Mitoxantrone-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Spheroids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2906. [PMID: 37049199 PMCID: PMC10096321 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a hard-to-treat, deadly malignancy. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, unfortunately are still not able to significantly improve long-term survival. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures might be a platform to study new drug types in a highly reproducible, resource-saving model within a relevant pathophysiological cellular microenvironment. We used a 3D culture of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines to investigate a potential new treatment approach using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a drug delivery system for mitoxantrone (MTO), a chemotherapeutic agent. We established a PaCa DD183 cell line and generated PANC-1SMAD4 (-/-) cells by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, differing in a prognostically relevant mutation in the TGF-β pathway. Afterwards, we formed spheroids using PaCa DD183, PANC-1 and PANC-1SMAD4 (-/-) cells, and analyzed the uptake and cytotoxic effect of free MTO and MTO-loaded SPIONs by microscopy and flow cytometry. MTO and SPION-MTO-induced cell death in all tumor spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, spheroids with a SMAD4 mutation showed an increased uptake of MTO and SPION-MTO, while at the same time being more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents. MTO-loaded SPIONs, with their ability for magnetic drug targeting, could be a future approach for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Dinter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marina Pöttler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Professorship for AI-Controlled Nanomaterials, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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18
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Luong T, Cukierman E. Eribulin normalizes pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts by simulating selected features of TGFβ inhibition. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1255. [PMID: 36461015 PMCID: PMC9719234 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 11% of pancreatic cancer patients survive 5-years post-diagnosis. The unique biology of pancreatic cancer includes a significant expansion of its desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, wherein cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their self-produced extracellular matrix are key components. CAF functions are both tumor-supportive and tumor-suppressive, while normal fibroblastic cells are solely tumor-suppressive. Knowing that CAF-eliminating drugs are ineffective and can accelerate cancer progression, therapies that "normalize" CAF function are highly pursued. Eribulin is a well-tolerated anti-microtubule drug used to treat a plethora of neoplasias, including advanced/metastatic cancers. Importantly, eribulin can inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition via a mechanism akin to blocking pathways induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). Notably, canonical TGFβ signaling also plays a pivotal role in CAF activation, which is necessary for the development and maintenance of desmoplasia. Hence, we hypothesized that eribulin could modulate, and perhaps "normalize" CAF function. METHODS To test this premise, we used a well-established in vivo-mimetic fibroblastic cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) system and gauged the effects of eribulin on human pancreatic CAFs and cancer cells. This pathophysiologic fibroblast/matrix functional unit was also used to query eribulin effects on CDM-regulated pancreatic cancer cell survival and invasive spread. RESULTS Demonstrated that intact CAF CDMs modestly restricted eribulin from obstructing pancreatic cancer cell growth. Nonetheless, eribulin-treated CAFs generated CDMs that limited nutrient-deprived pancreatic cancer cell survival, similar to reported tumor-suppressive CDMs generated by TGFβ-deficient CAFs. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study support the central proposed premise suggesting that eribulin could be used as a CAF/matrix-normalizing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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19
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Sergi CM. Si-Liang 187 and Si-Liang 188, Two Recently Established Primary Pancreas Carcinoma Cell Lines, Are Crucial for Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Pancreas 2022; 51:e120-e121. [PMID: 37099797 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Mashima Y, Nohira H, Sugihara H, Dynlacht BD, Kobayashi T, Itoh H. KIF24 depletion induces clustering of supernumerary centrosomes in PDAC cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201470. [PMID: 35803737 PMCID: PMC9270500 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of the centrosomal kinesin KIF24, known to restrain the assembly of primary cilia, suppresses multipolar spindle formation by clustering centrosomes in centrosome-amplified PDAC cells. Clustering of supernumerary centrosomes, which potentially leads to cell survival and chromosomal instability, is frequently observed in cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that control centrosome clustering remain largely unknown. The centrosomal kinesin KIF24 was previously shown to restrain the assembly of primary cilia in mammalian cells. Here, we revealed that KIF24 depletion suppresses multipolar spindle formation by clustering centrosomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes. KIF24 depletion also induced hyper-proliferation and improved mitotic progression in PDAC cells. In contrast, disruption of primary cilia failed to affect the proliferation and spindle formation in KIF24-depleted cells. These results suggest a novel role for KIF24 in suppressing centrosome clustering independent of primary ciliation in centrosome-amplified PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mashima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hayato Nohira
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugihara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Brian David Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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21
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Taylor AI, Wan CJK, Donde MJ, Peak-Chew SY, Holliger P. A modular XNAzyme cleaves long, structured RNAs under physiological conditions and enables allele-specific gene silencing. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1295-1305. [PMID: 36064973 PMCID: PMC7613789 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid catalysts (ribozymes, DNA- and XNAzymes) cleave target (m)RNAs with high specificity but have shown limited efficacy in clinical applications. Here we report on the in vitro evolution and engineering of a highly specific modular RNA endonuclease XNAzyme, FR6_1, composed of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabino nucleic acid (FANA). FR6_1 overcomes the activity limitations of previous DNA- and XNAzymes and can be retargeted to cleave highly structured full-length (>5 kb) BRAF and KRAS mRNAs at physiological Mg2+ concentrations with allelic selectivity for tumour-associated (BRAF V600E and KRAS G12D) mutations. Phosphorothioate-FANA modification enhances FR6_1 biostability and enables rapid KRAS mRNA knockdown in cultured human adenocarcinoma cells with a G12D-allele-specific component provided by in vivo XNAzyme cleavage activity. These results provide a starting point for the development of improved gene-silencing agents based on FANA or other XNA chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Taylor
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Maria J Donde
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Yehya AH, Asif M, Abdul Majid AM, Oon CE. Polymolecular botanical drug of Orthosiphon stamineus extract (C5OSEW5050ESA) as a complementary therapy to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:39-50. [PMID: 36685076 PMCID: PMC9845648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gemcitabine remains the cornerstone of pancreatic cancer treatment, despite exhibiting a modest effect on patient survival due to the development of drug resistance. Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug Orthosiphon stamineus (O. stamineus) is a folklore Asian herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of a variety of ailments. However, little is known about the mechanism of actions of the Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug of O. stamineus as a complementary therapy in resistant pancreatic cancer. It is postulated that the proprietary O. stamineus extract formulation (ID: C5EOSEW5050ESA) in Nuvastatic™ may sensitise resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. This study was conducted to assess the cytotoxic activity and synergistic effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Experimental procedure The effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA treatment on cell viability, multidrug-resistant genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular senescence, cell death, and Notch signalling pathway were evaluated in gemcitabine-resistant Panc-1 cells. Results and conclusion C5EOSEW5050ESA sensitised gemcitabine resistant cells towards C5EOSEW5050ESA-gemcitabine combination treatment by reducing the expression of multidrug-resistant genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in gemcitabine-resistant cells compared to the control group, possibly through the inhibition of Notch signalling. This study provides valuable insight into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a potential complementary treatment for resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq H.S. Yehya
- Vatche and Tamar Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Unversiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Amin M.S. Abdul Majid
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 0200, Australia
| | - Chern E. Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Unversiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
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Kfoury S, Michl P, Roth L. Modeling Obesity-Driven Pancreatic Carcinogenesis-A Review of Current In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Obesity and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193170. [PMID: 36231132 PMCID: PMC9563584 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate below 10%, thereby exhibiting the worst prognosis of all solid tumors. Increasing incidence together with a continued lack of targeted treatment options will cause PDAC to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world by 2030. Obesity belongs to the predominant risk factors for pancreatic cancer. To improve our understanding of the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer development and progression, novel laboratory techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarize current in vitro and in vivo models of PDAC and obesity as well as an overview of a variety of models to investigate obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. We start by giving an overview on different methods to cultivate adipocytes in vitro as well as various in vivo mouse models of obesity. Moreover, established murine and human PDAC cell lines as well as organoids are summarized and the genetically engineered models of PCAC compared to xenograft models are introduced. Finally, we review published in vitro and in vivo models studying the impact of obesity on PDAC, enabling us to decipher the molecular basis of obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kfoury
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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24
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Pancreatic cancer cells spectral library by DIA-MS and the phenotype analysis of gemcitabine sensitivity. Sci Data 2022; 9:283. [PMID: 35680938 PMCID: PMC9184632 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome strategies are increasingly used for detecting and validating protein biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, based on an in-depth proteome analysis of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines, we built a pancreas-specific mass spectrum library containing 10633 protein groups and 184551 peptides. The proteome difference among the seven pancreatic cancer cells was significant, especially for the divergent expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The spectra library was applied to explore the proteome difference of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells upon gemcitabine (GEM) treatment, and potential GEM targets were identified. The cytotoxicity test and GEM target analysis found that HPAC, CFPAC-1, and BxPC-3 were sensitive to GEM treatment, whereas PANC-1 and AsPC-1 were resistant. Finally, we found EMT was significant for CFPAC-1, AsPC-1, and PANC-1 cells, whereas BxPC-3 and HPAC cells showed more typical epithelial features. This library provides a valuable resource for in-depth proteomic analysis on pancreatic cancer cell lines, meeting the urgent demands for cell line-dependent protein differences and targeted drug analysis. Measurement(s) | protein expression profiling | Technology Type(s) | Mass Spectrometry |
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25
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Guardado Rivas MO, Stuart SD, Thach D, Dahan M, Shorr R, Zachar Z, Bingham PM. Evidence for a novel, effective approach to targeting carcinoma catabolism exploiting the first-in-class, anti-cancer mitochondrial drug, CPI-613. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269620. [PMID: 35675354 PMCID: PMC9176802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical targeting of the altered metabolism of tumor cells has long been considered an attractive hypothetical approach. However, this strategy has yet to perform well clinically. Metabolic redundancy is among the limitations on effectiveness of many approaches, engendering intrinsic single-agent resistance or efficient evolution of such resistance. We describe new studies of the multi-target, tumor-preferential inhibition of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by the first-in-class drug CPI-613® (devimistat). By suppressing the TCA hub, indispensable to many metabolic pathways, CPI-613 substantially reduces the effective redundancy of tumor catabolism. This TCA cycle suppression also engenders an apparently homeostatic accelerated, inefficient consumption of nutrient stores in carcinoma cells, eroding some sources of drug resistance. Nonetheless, sufficiently abundant, cell line-specific lipid stores in carcinoma cells are among remaining sources of CPI-613 resistance in vitro and during the in vivo pharmacological drug pulse. Specifically, the fatty acid beta-oxidation step delivers electrons directly to the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETC), by-passing the TCA cycle CPI-613 target and producing drug resistance. Strikingly, tested carcinoma cell lines configure much of this fatty acid flow to initially traverse the peroxisome enroute to additional mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This feature facilitates targeting as clinically practical agents disrupting this flow are available. Two such agents significantly sensitize an otherwise fully CPI-613-resistant carcinoma xenograft in vivo. These and related results are strong empirical support for a potentially general class of strategies for enhanced clinical targeting of carcinoma catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises O. Guardado Rivas
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, NJ, United States of America
| | - Shawn D. Stuart
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel Thach
- Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michael Dahan
- Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert Shorr
- Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury, NJ, United States of America
| | - Zuzana Zachar
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Bingham
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Petry F, Salzig D. The cultivation conditions affect the aggregation and functionality of β-cell lines alone and in coculture with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:769-783. [PMID: 36514533 PMCID: PMC9731603 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of viable and functional β-cell spheroids is required for diabetes cell therapy and drug testing. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are known to improve β-cell viability and functionality. We therefore investigated the aggregation behavior of three different β-cell lines (rat insulinoma-1 cell line [INS-1], mouse insulinoma-6 cell line [MIN6], and a cell line formed by the electrofusion of primary human pancreatic islets and PANC-1 cells [1.1B4]), two MSC types, and mixtures of β-cells and MSCs under different conditions. We screened several static systems to produce uniform β-cell and MSC spheroids, finding cell-repellent plates the most suitable. The three different β-cell lines differed in their aggregation behavior, spheroid size, and growth in the same static environment. We found no major differences in spheroid formation between primary MSCs and an immortalized MSC line, although both differed with regard to the aggregation behavior of the β-cell lines. All spheroids showed a reduced viability due to mass transfer limitations under static conditions. We therefore investigated three dynamic systems (shaking multi-well plates, spinner flasks, and shaking flasks). In shaking flasks, there were no β-cell-line-dependent differences in aggregation behavior, resulting in uniform and highly viable spheroids. We found that the aggregation behavior of the β-cell lines changed in a static coculture with MSCs. The β-cell/MSC coculture conditions must be refined to avoid a rapid segregation into distinct populations under dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Petry
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
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27
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In vitro differentiation of human pancreatic duct-derived PANC-1 cells into β-cell phenotype using Tinospora cordifolia. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:376-383. [PMID: 35668153 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to loss of beta cells. There is a dire need to inhibit apoptosis and induce regeneration of new beta cells. There are plants in the Indian medicine system having the potential for rejuvenation. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate the capacity of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia to regenerate beta cells from PANC-1 ductal cells. After differentiation, the characterization of β-cell phenotype was carried out using dithizone and Gomori's staining and further confirmed by mRNA expression study of insulin, Pdx-1, and carbonic anhydrase-9. Insulin production was estimated with ELISA. Aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia at 15 μg/ml concentration can effectively induce differentiation of PANC-1 cells into beta cells. The morphological observations showed brownish-colored dithizone and purple-colored Gomori's staining. The β-cells demonstrated significant mRNA expression of insulin and Pdx-1 and downregulation of carbonic anhydrase-9. The functionality of beta cells was demonstrated by 1.5-fold increase in insulin secretion in response to high glucose. Tinospora cordifolia has potential to differentiate PANC-1 ductal cells into functional beta cells and can be a lead towards non-invasive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Petry SF, Kandula ND, Günther S, Helker C, Schagdarsurengin U, Linn T. Valproic Acid Initiates Transdifferentiation of the Human Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell-line Panc-1 Into α-Like Cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:638-651. [PMID: 35451037 DOI: 10.1055/a-1750-9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-mesenchymal pancreatic cells are a potential source for cell replacement. Their transdifferentiation can be achieved by triggering epigenetic remodeling through e. g. post-translational modification of histones. Valproic acid, a branched-chain saturated fatty acid with histone deacetylase inhibitor activity, was linked to the expression of key transcription factors of pancreatic lineage in epithelial cells and insulin transcription. However, the potential of valproic acid to cause cellular reprogramming is not fully understood. To shed further light on it we employed next-generation RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, and protein analyses by ELISA and western blot, to assess the impact of valproic acid on transcriptome and function of Panc-1-cells. Our results indicate that valproic acid has a significant impact on the cell cycle, cell adhesion, histone H3 acetylation, and metabolic pathways as well as the initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through acetylation of histone H3 resulting in α-cell-like characteristics. We conclude that human epithelial pancreatic cells can be transdifferentiated into cells with endocrine properties through epigenetic regulation by valproic acid favoring an α-cell-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Naga Deepa Kandula
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and deep sequencing platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Helker
- Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Undraga Schagdarsurengin
- Epigenetics of Urogenital System, Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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29
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Vaes RDW, van Dijk DPJ, Farshadi EA, Olde Damink SWM, Rensen SS, Langen RC. Human pancreatic tumour organoid-derived factors enhance myogenic differentiation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1302-1313. [PMID: 35146962 PMCID: PMC8977981 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with pancreatic cancer develop cachexia, which is characterized by progressive muscle loss. The mechanisms underlying muscle loss in cancer cachexia remain elusive. Pancreatic tumour organoids are 3D cell culture models that retain key characteristics of the parent tumour. We aimed to investigate the effect of pancreatic tumour organoid-derived factors on processes that determine skeletal muscle mass, including the regulation of muscle protein turnover and myogenesis. METHODS Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PK-45H, PANC-1, PK-1, and KLM-1), pancreatic tumour organoid cultures from a severely cachectic (PANCO-9a) and a non-cachectic patient (PANCO-12a), and a normal pancreas organoid culture. Differentiating C2C12 myoblasts and mature C2C12 myotubes were exposed to CM for 24 h or maintained in control medium. In myotubes, NF-kB activation was monitored using a NF-κB luciferase reporter construct, and mRNA expression of E3-ubiquitin ligases and REDD1 was analysed by RT-qPCR. C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation were monitored by live cell imaging and myogenic markers and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms were assessed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Whereas CM from PK-1 and KLM-1 cells significantly induced NF-κB activation in C2C12 myotubes (PK-1: 3.1-fold, P < 0.001; KLM-1: 2.1-fold, P = 0.01), Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 mRNA were only minimally and inconsistently upregulated by the CM of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Similarly, E3-ubiquitin ligases and REDD1 mRNA expression in myotubes were not altered by exposure to pancreatic tumour organoid CM. Compared with the control condition, CM from both PANCO-9a and PANCO-12a tumour organoids increased proliferation of myoblasts, which was accompanied by significant downregulation of the satellite cell marker paired-box 7 (PAX7) (PANCO-9a: -2.1-fold, P < 0.001; PANCO-12a: -2.0-fold, P < 0.001) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) (PANCO-9a: -2.1-fold, P < 0.001; PANCO-12a: -1.8-fold, P < 0.001) after 48 h of differentiation. Live cell imaging revealed accelerated alignment and fusion of myoblasts exposed to CM from PANCO-9a and PANCO-12a, which was in line with significantly increased Myomaker mRNA expression levels (PANCO-9a: 2.4-fold, P = 0.001; PANCO-12a: 2.2-fold, P = 0.004). These morphological and transcriptional alterations were accompanied by increased expression of muscle differentiation markers such as MyHC-IIB (PANCO-9a: 2.5-fold, P = 0.04; PANCO-12a: 3.1-fold, P = 0.006). Although the impact of organoid CM on myogenesis was not associated with the cachexia phenotype of the donor patients, it was specific for tumour organoids, as CM of control pancreas organoids did not modulate myogenic fusion. CONCLUSIONS These data show that pancreatic tumour organoid-derived factors alter the kinetics of myogenesis, which may eventually contribute to impaired muscle mass maintenance in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David P J van Dijk
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Aïda Farshadi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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Benitez-Amaro A, Martínez-Bosch N, Manero-Rupérez N, Claudi L, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Soler M, Ros-Blanco L, Navarro P, Llorente-Cortés V. Peptides against Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Aggregation Inhibit Intracellular Cholesteryl Ester Loading and Proliferation of Pancreatic Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040890. [PMID: 35205638 PMCID: PMC8869901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancers. A key component of dyslipidemia is a high level of small and dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). These LDLs have a high probability to be entrapped and modified (aggregated) in the extracellular matrix (ECM), becoming a source of cholesterol for tumor cells. However, the effect of aggregated LDLs on tumor progression has been unexplored. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of modified LDLs on intracellular cholesteryl ester/free cholesterol ratio (CE/FC) and cancer cell growth, and the efficacy of peptides designed to inhibit LDL aggregation on these processes. Our results show that aggregated LDL upregulates the intracellular CE/FC ratio and cell growth in pancreatic cancer and that these upregulatory effects were blocked by peptides against LDL aggregation. We propose that anti-LDL aggregation peptides deserve to be further investigated as anti-tumoral strategies. Abstract Dyslipidemia, metabolic disorders and/or obesity are postulated as risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The majority of patients with these metabolic alterations have low density lipoproteins (LDLs) with increased susceptibility to become aggregated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). LDL aggregation can be efficiently inhibited by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-based peptides. The objectives of this work were: (i) to determine if aggregated LDLs affect the intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratio and/or the tumor pancreatic cell proliferation, using sphingomyelinase-modified LDL particles (Aggregated LDL, AgLDL); and (ii) to test whether LRP1-based peptides, highly efficient against LDL aggregation, can interfere in these processes. For this, we exposed human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, RWP-1 and Capan-1) to native (nLDL) or AgLDLs in the absence or presence of LRP1-based peptides (DP3) or irrelevant peptides (IP321). Results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) following lipid extraction indicate that AgLDLs induce a higher intracellular CE/FC ratio than nLDL, and that DP3 but not IP321 counteracts this effect. AgLDLs also increase PANC-1 cell proliferation, which is inhibited by the DP3 peptide. Our results indicate that AgLDL-induced intracellular CE accumulation plays a crucial role in the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cell lines. Peptides with anti-LDL aggregation properties may thus exhibit anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Marta Soler
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Lia Ros-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
- August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
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Casari I, Emmanouilidi A, Domenichini A, Falasca M. Extracellular vesicles derived from pancreatic cancer cells are enriched in the growth factor Midkine. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 83:100857. [PMID: 34916167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth factor Midkine is a heparin-binding cytokine originally discovered during the differentiation process induced by the retinoic acid in embryonal carcinoma cells. Several studies pointed out the key role of this protein in tumour progression and its elevated expression in different malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. New diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently required to treat this highly aggressive and incurable disease capable of metastasising, evading diagnosis, and resisting therapy. Serum midkine promises to be a very functional tumour marker and a target for cancer treatment as an elevated concentration of serum midkine is consistently reported in patients with various tumours. Here, we identified high levels of midkine in extracellular vesicles isolated from pancreatic cancer cell lines and showed that it stimulates the growth of pancreatic cancer cells not expressing midkine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aikaterini Emmanouilidi
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alice Domenichini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Identification of 2 Chinese Primary Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cancer Cell Lines and Their Phenotypes. Pancreas 2021; 50:1400-1406. [PMID: 35041339 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Currently, the most commonly used PC cell lines were all derived from White individuals, and few models can be used to study in Asian populations. In China, the incidence of PC is increasing every year, highlighting the need to develop new Chinese PC cell lines for cancer research. METHODS A total of 203 patients diagnosed with PC, enrolled from January 2012 to December 2017 in our hospital (Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery), had received surgery. Primary PC patient tumor samples were harvested sterilely from surgery, minced, and digested in collagenase. Cells were cultured in plates precoated with l-polylysine. RESULTS Two primary PC cell lines, Si-Liang 187 and Si-Liang 188, were established, both of which grew as adherent monolayers and demonstrated distinguished phenotypes. Si-Liang 187 shows the typical mesenchymal pattern, whereas Si-Liang 188 shows epithelial phenotype. Moreover, they carry different genetic backgrounds according to whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Two new Chinese PC cell lines were established, both of which were characterized and confirmed with high tumorigenicity. They may serve as useful tools for pathogenesis research when evaluating new treatment strategies in Asian patients.
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The Diverse Applications of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194979. [PMID: 34638463 PMCID: PMC8508245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies. While immortalized cancer cell lines and genetically engineered murine models have increased our understanding of PDAC tumorigenesis, they do not recapitulate inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity. PDAC patient derived organoid (PDO) biobanks have overcome this hurdle, and provide an opportunity for the high throughput screening of potential new therapies. This review provides a summary of the PDAC PDO biobanks established to date, and discusses how they have advanced our understanding of PDAC biology. Looking forward, the development of coculturing techniques for specific immune or stromal cell populations will enable a better understanding of the crosstalk that occurs within the tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this crosstalk on treatment response.
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Stierschneider A, Grünstäudl P, Colleselli K, Atzler J, Klein CT, Hundsberger H, Wiesner C. Light-Inducible Spatio-Temporal Control of TLR4 and NF-κB-Gluc Reporter in Human Pancreatic Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179232. [PMID: 34502140 PMCID: PMC8431472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression was found in nearly 70% of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which is correlated with increased tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we engineered a new light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain-based optogenetic cell line (opto-TLR4 PANC-1) that enables time-resolved activation of the NF-κB and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 signalling pathway upon blue light-sensitive homodimerisation of the TLR4-LOV fusion protein. Continuous stimulation with light indicated strong p65 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation even after 24 h, whereas brief light exposure peaked at 8 h and reached the ground level 24 h post-illumination. The cell line further allows a voltage-dependent TLR4 activation, which can be continuously monitored, turned on by light or off in the dark. Using this cell line, we performed different phenotypic cell-based assays with 2D and 3D cultures, with the aim of controlling cellular activity with spatial and temporal precision. Light exposure enhanced cell attachment, the formation and extension of invadopodia, and cell migration in 3D spheroid cultures, but no significant changes in proliferation or viability could be detected. We conclude that the opto-TLR4 PANC-1 cell line is an ideal tool for investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of TLR4, thereby providing strategies for new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stierschneider
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Petra Grünstäudl
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Katrin Colleselli
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Josef Atzler
- Molecular Devices, LLC, 5071 Wals-Siezenheim, Austria;
| | - Christian T. Klein
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Christoph Wiesner
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.S.); (P.G.); (K.C.); (C.T.K.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Chen YH, Huang YC, Yang SF, Yen HH, Tsai HD, Hsieh MC, Hsiao YH. Pitavastatin and metformin synergistically activate apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1491-1503. [PMID: 33886150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Metformin is the standard first-line of treatment for hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes, whereas pitavastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug used to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Both these agents evidently exert anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer; however, it remains unclear whether cotreatment using them has additive or synergistic anticancer effects on pancreatic cancer. Thus, we herein used the ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells and treated them with metformin and/or pitavastatin. We performed the cell viability assay, transwell migration assay, and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine protein levels. We found that cotreatment with metformin (30 mM) and pitavastatin (10 μM) significantly reduced cell viability; caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest; upregulated the expression levels of Bax, PCNA, cleaved PARP-1, cleaved caspase-3, LC3 II, and p27 Kip1 /p21Cip1 ; and inhibited cell migration. The combination index value for cell viability indicated a synergistic interaction between metformin and pitavastatin. Moreover, cotreating the cells with metformin (30 mM) and pitavastatin (10 μM) could preserve mitochondrial function, activate AMPK, and inhibit PI3K/mTOR than treatment with metformin or pitavastatin alone. These findings clearly indicated that metformin plus pitavastatin had a synergistic anticancer effect on pancreatic cancer cells, potentially caused due to the activation of AMPK and inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling. Altogether, our results provide that use of metformin plus pitavastatin maybe serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Women's Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Huang
- Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Der Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Intelligent Diabetes Metabolism and Exercise Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Women's Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Fernández-Medarde A, Fuentes-Mateos R, García-Navas R, Juan AOS, Sánchez-López JM, Fernández-Medarde A, Santos E. Anthraquinones as Inhibitors of SOS RAS-GEF Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081128. [PMID: 34439794 PMCID: PMC8392861 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs have reignited interest in RAS GEFs as direct therapeutic targets. To search for new inhibitors of SOS GEF activity, a repository of known/approved compounds (NIH-NACTS) and a library of new marine compounds (Biomar Microbial Technologies) were screened by means of in vitro RAS-GEF assays using purified, bacterially expressed SOS and RAS constructs. Interestingly, all inhibitors identified in our screenings (two per library) shared related chemical structures belonging to the anthraquinone family of compounds. All our anthraquinone SOS inhibitors were active against the three canonical RAS isoforms when tested in our SOS GEF assays, inhibited RAS activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and were also able to inhibit the growth of different cancer cell lines harboring WT or mutant RAS genes. In contrast to the commercially available anthraquinone inhibitors, our new marine anthraquinone inhibitors did not show in vivo cardiotoxicity, thus providing a lead for future discovery of stronger, clinically useful anthraquinone SOS GEF blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (R.G.-N.); (A.O.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.-M.); (E.S.)
| | - Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (R.G.-N.); (A.O.-S.J.)
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (R.G.-N.); (A.O.-S.J.)
| | - Andrea Olarte-San Juan
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (R.G.-N.); (A.O.-S.J.)
| | - José María Sánchez-López
- Biomar Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Parcela M-10.4, Armunia, 24009 León, Spain; (J.M.S.-L.); (A.F.-M.)
| | - Antonio Fernández-Medarde
- Biomar Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Parcela M-10.4, Armunia, 24009 León, Spain; (J.M.S.-L.); (A.F.-M.)
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.F.-M.); (R.G.-N.); (A.O.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.-M.); (E.S.)
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37
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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da Silva Filho AF, Tavares LB, Pitta MGR, Beltrão EIC, Rêgo MJBM. Galectin-3 is modulated in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1153-1165. [PMID: 32755098 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive tumors with a microenvironment marked by hypoxia and starvation. Galectin-3 has been evaluated in solid tumors and seems to present both pro/anti-tumor effects. So, this study aims to characterize the expression of Galectin-3 from pancreatic tumor cells and analyze its influence for cell survive and motility in mimetic microenvironment. For this, cell cycle and cell death were accessed through flow cytometry. Characterization of inside and outside Galectin-3 was performed through Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, Western blot, and ELISA. Consequences of Galectin-3 extracellular inhibition were investigated using cell death and scratch assays. PANC-1 showed increased Galectin-3 mRNA expression when cultivated in hypoxia for 24 and 48 h. After 24 h in simultaneously hypoxic/deprived incubation, PANC-1 shows increased Galectin-3 protein and secreted levels. For Mia PaCa-2, cultivation in deprivation was determinant for the increasing in Galectin-3 mRNA expression. When cultivated in simultaneously hypoxic/deprived condition, Mia PaCa-2 also presented increasing for the Galectin-3 secreted levels. Treatment of PANC-1 cells with lactose increased the death rate when cells were incubated simultaneously hypoxic/deprived condition. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the microenvironmental conditions modulate the Galectin-3 expression on the transcriptional and translational levels for pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio F da Silva Filho
- Immunomodulation and New Therapy Approach Laboratory (LINAT), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.,Therapeutic Innovation Research Center- Suelly Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Biochemistry Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Tavares
- Immunomodulation and New Therapy Approach Laboratory (LINAT), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.,Therapeutic Innovation Research Center- Suelly Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Biochemistry Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maira G R Pitta
- Immunomodulation and New Therapy Approach Laboratory (LINAT), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.,Therapeutic Innovation Research Center- Suelly Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Biochemistry Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo I C Beltrão
- Laboratory of Biomarkers in Cancer (BmC), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Moacyr J B M Rêgo
- Immunomodulation and New Therapy Approach Laboratory (LINAT), Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.,Therapeutic Innovation Research Center- Suelly Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Biochemistry Departament, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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Tu J, Luo X, Liu H, Zhang J, He M. Cancer spheroids derived exosomes reveal more molecular features relevant to progressed cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101026. [PMID: 34095553 PMCID: PMC8167213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell spheroids have been shown to be more physiologically relevant to native tumor tissue than monolayer 2D culture cells. Due to enhanced intercellular communications among cells in spheroids, spheroid secreted exosomes which account for transcellular transportation should exceed those from 2D cell culture and may display a different expression pattern of miRNA or protein. To test this, we employed a widely used pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1, to create 3D spheroids and compared exosomes generated by both 2D cell culture and 3D PANC-1 spheroids. We further measured and compared exosomal miRNA and GPC-1 protein expression with qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. It showed that PANC-1 cells cultured in 3D spheroids can produce significantly more exosomes than PANC-1 2D cells and exosomal miRNA and GPC-1 expression derived from spheroids show more features relevant to the progression of pancreatic cancer. These findings point to the potential importance of using spheroids as in vitro model to study cancer development and progression.
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Odagiri T, Asano Y, Kagiya T, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Shimoda H, Hakamada K. The Cell Line-Dependent Diversity in Initial Morphological Dynamics of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Peritoneal Metastasis Visualized by an Artificial Human Peritoneal Model. J Surg Res 2021; 261:351-360. [PMID: 33493887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is considered as one of the most malignant types of cancer with rapid metastasis and invasion of the cancer cells, having peritoneal metastasis (PM) as a dominant factor of poor prognosis. Although the prevention of peritoneal dissemination would result in the inhibition of the initial metastatic process and contribute in improving the poor prognosis of the pancreatic cancer, the initial dynamics of PM are still unclear because of the lack of adequate models in studying the morphological and molecular details of pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The artificial human peritoneal tissue (AHPT) that can be applied in studying for the spatial dynamics of cancer PM in vitro has been established previously. In this study, the initial dynamics of the three pancreatic cell lines, undifferentiated carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma Panc-1, and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma BxPC3 on AHPT are examined. RESULTS In a morphological analysis using light and electron microscopy, MIA PaCa-2 cells spread on the mesothelial layer with disruption of the sheet structure and infiltrated into the stroma-like tissue in AHPT. On the other hand, BxPC3 cells changed shapes from round into flat ones with rapid proliferation and formed sheet structure at the surface of the tissue replacing the mesothelial layer without vertical invasion into the tissue. Panc-1 cells demonstrated the intermediate characteristics of MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC3 on AHPT. These diverse morphological characteristics were verified by the correspondence with the results in a mouse model and were reflected by the profile of secreted oncogenic proteins of the three pancreatic cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The initial dynamics in the peritoneal dissemination of these pancreatic cancer cell lines were demonstrated by AHPT, showing the morphological and molecular diversity depending on the degree of differentiation or the properties of oncogenic protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Odagiri
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Asano
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology and Histology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuji Kagiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Building Block Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Cell Biology and Histology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Anatomical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Jiang W, Chen C, Huang L, Shen J, Yang L. GATA4 Regulates Inflammation-Driven Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640391. [PMID: 33996796 PMCID: PMC8117218 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated inflammation is a key molecular feature in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). GATA4 is a transcription factor that participates in the regulation and normal development of several endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues such as the pancreas. However, it remains unclear whether GATA4 is involved in the inflammation-driven development of pancreatic cancer. Here, we employed quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunohistochemistry, and differential expression analysis to investigate the association between GATA4 and inflammation-driven PDAC. We found that overexpression of GATA4 in pancreatic tumor tissue was accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory macrophages. We used macrophage-conditioned medium to validate inflammation models following treatment with varying concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and determined whether GATA4-dependent inflammatory stimuli affected pancreatic cancer cell invasion and growth in vitro. Nude mouse models of dibutyltin dichloride-induced chronic pancreatitis with orthotopic tumor xenografts were used to evaluate the effect of the inflammatory microenvironment on GATA4 expression in vivo. Our findings indicate that overexpression of GATA4 dramatically aggravated inflammatory stimuli-induced pancreatic cancer cell invasion and growth via NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, whereas silencing of GATA4 attenuated invasion and growth. Overall, our findings suggest that inflammation-driven cancer progression is dependent on GATA4 expression and is mediated through the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shinzawa K, Kageta D, Nash RJ, Fleet GW, Imahori T, Kato A. Azobenzene derivatives show anti-cancer activity against pancreatic cancer cells only under nutrient starvation conditions via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Morphofunctional analysis of human pancreatic cancer cell lines in 2- and 3-dimensional cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6775. [PMID: 33762591 PMCID: PMC7990961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, transcriptional, and morphological differences have been reported in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. We recently found that epithelial or mesenchymal features were enhanced in three-dimensional (3D) cultures compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In this study, we examined the differences in the morphological and functional characteristics of eight PDAC cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures. Most PDAC cells showed similar pleomorphic morphologies in 2D culture. Under 3D culture, PDAC cells with high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression levels (epithelial) formed small round spheres encircled with flat lining cells, whereas those with high vimentin and low E-cadherin expression levels (mesenchymal) formed large grape-like spheres without lining cells and were highly proliferative. In 3D culture, gemcitabine was more effective for the spheres formed by PDAC cells with epithelial features, while abraxane was more effective on those with mesenchymal features. The expression levels of drug transporters were highest PDAC cells with high vimentin expression levels. These findings indicate that PDAC cells possess various levels of epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. The 3D-culture method is useful for investigating the diversity of PDAC cell lines and may play important roles in the development of personalized early diagnostic methods and anticancer drugs for PDAC.
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Edelman HE, McClymont SA, Tucker TR, Pineda S, Beer RL, McCallion AS, Parsons MJ. SOX9 modulates cancer biomarker and cilia genes in pancreatic cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:485-499. [PMID: 33693707 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive form of cancer with high mortality. The cellular origins of PDAC are largely unknown; however, ductal cells, especially centroacinar cells (CACs), have several characteristics in common with PDAC, such as expression of SOX9 and components of the Notch-signaling pathway. Mutations in KRAS and alterations to Notch signaling are common in PDAC, and both these pathways regulate the transcription factor SOX9. To identify genes regulated by SOX9, we performed siRNA knockdown of SOX9 followed by RNA-seq in PANC-1s, a human PDAC cell line. We report 93 differentially expressed (DE) genes, with convergence on alterations to Notch-signaling pathways and ciliogenesis. These results point to SOX9 and Notch activity being in a positive feedback loop and SOX9 regulating cilia production in PDAC. We additionally performed ChIP-seq in PANC-1s to identify direct targets of SOX9 binding and integrated these results with our DE gene list. Nine of the top 10 downregulated genes have evidence of direct SOX9 binding at their promoter regions. One of these targets was the cancer stem cell marker EpCAM. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization to detect epcam transcript in zebrafish larvae, we demonstrated that epcam is a CAC marker and that Sox9 regulation of epcam expression is conserved in zebrafish. Additionally, we generated an epcam null mutant and observed pronounced defects in ciliogenesis during development. Our results provide a link between SOX9, EpCAM and ciliary repression that can be exploited in improving our understanding of the cellular origins and mechanisms of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Edelman
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, 470 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah A McClymont
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, 470 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tori R Tucker
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences II, CA 92697, USA
| | - Santiago Pineda
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences II, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rebecca L Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, 470 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, 470 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Parsons
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, 470 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences II, CA 92697, USA
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Interactions of a Water-Soluble Glycofullerene with Glucose Transporter 1. Analysis of the Cellular Effects on a Pancreatic Tumor Model. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020513. [PMID: 33670509 PMCID: PMC7922475 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon nanomaterials have been intensively investigated for their possible applications in biomedical studies, especially as drug delivery vehicles. Several surface modifications can modulate the unique molecular structure of [60]fullerene derivatives, as well as their physicochemical properties. For this reason, covalent modifications that would enable a greater water solubilization of the fullerene buckyball have been rapidly investigated. The most exciting applications of fullerene nanomaterials are as drug delivery vectors, photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), astransfection or MRI contrast agents, antimicrobials and antioxidants. From these perspectives, the glucose derivatives of [60]fullerene seem to be an interesting carbon nanomaterial for biological studies. It is well-known that cancer cells are characterized by an increased glucose uptake and it has also been previously reported that the glucose transporters (GLUTs) are overexpressed in several types of cancers, which make them attractive molecular targets for many drugs. This study explored the use of a highly water-soluble glycofullerene (called Sweet-C60) in pancreatic cancer studies. Here, we describe the PANC-1 cell proliferation, migration, metabolic activity and glycolysis rate after incubations with different concentrations of Sweet-C60. The final results did not show any influence of the Sweet-C60 on various cancer cellular events and glycolysis, suggesting that synthesized glycofullerene is a promising drug delivery vehicle for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Unraveling the Molecular Tumor-Promoting Regulation of Cofilin-1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040725. [PMID: 33578795 PMCID: PMC7916621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unraveling the mechanistic regulations that influence tumor behavior is an important step towards treatment. However, in vitro studies capture only small parts of the complex signaling cascades leading to tumor development. Mechanistic modeling, instead, allows a more holistic view of complex signaling pathways and their crosstalk. These models are able to suggest mechanistic regulations that can be validated by targeted and thus more cost-effective experiments. This article presents a logical model of pancreatic cancer cells with high cofilin-1 expression. The model includes migratory, proliferative, and apoptotic pathways as well as their crosstalk. Based on this model, mechanistic regulations affecting tumor promotion could be unraveled. Moreover, it was applied to screen for new therapeutic targets. The development of resistance mechanisms is a common limitation of cancer therapies. Therefore, new approaches are needed to identify optimal treatments. One is suggested in this article, indicating the surface protein CD44 as a promising target. Abstract Cofilin-1 (CFL1) overexpression in pancreatic cancer correlates with high invasiveness and shorter survival. Besides a well-documented role in actin remodeling, additional cellular functions of CFL1 remain poorly understood. Here, we unraveled molecular tumor-promoting functions of CFL1 in pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, we first show that a knockdown of CFL1 results in reduced growth and proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo, while apoptosis is not induced. By mechanistic modeling we were able to predict the underlying regulation. Model simulations indicate that an imbalance in actin remodeling induces overexpression and activation of CFL1 by acting on transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and aurora kinase A (AURKA). Moreover, we could predict that CFL1 impacts proliferation and apoptosis via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These initial model-based regulations could be substantiated by studying protein levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human datasets. Finally, we identified the surface protein CD44 as a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients with high CFL1 expression.
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Barua R, Mizuno K, Tashima Y, Ogawa M, Takeuchi H, Taguchi A, Okajima T. Bioinformatics and Functional Analyses Implicate Potential Roles for EOGT and L-fringe in Pancreatic Cancers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040882. [PMID: 33562410 PMCID: PMC7915272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling receptors, ligands, and their downstream target genes are dysregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting a role of Notch signaling in pancreatic tumor development and progression. However, dysregulation of Notch signaling by post-translational modification of Notch receptors remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the Notch-modifying glycosyltransferase involved in the regulation of the ligand-dependent Notch signaling pathway. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) and Lunatic fringe (LFNG) positively correlates with a subset of Notch signaling genes in PDAC. The lack of EOGT or LFNG expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of Panc-1 cells, as observed by the inhibition of Notch activation. EOGT expression is significantly increased in the basal subtype, and low expression of both EOGT and LFNG predicts better overall survival in PDAC patients. These results imply potential roles for EOGT- and LFNG-dependent Notch signaling in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashu Barua
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuyuki Mizuno
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; (K.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; (K.M.); (A.T.)
- Division of Advanced Cancer Diagnostics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2068; Fax: +81-52-744-2069
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Kobayashi T, Tanaka K, Mashima Y, Shoda A, Tokuda M, Itoh H. CEP164 Deficiency Causes Hyperproliferation of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587691. [PMID: 33251215 PMCID: PMC7674857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like projections that protrude from most mammalian cells and mediate various extracellular signaling pathways. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are known to lose their primary cilia, but the relevance of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we generated PDAC-originated Panc1 cells devoid of primary cilia by mutating a centriolar protein, centrosomal protein 164 (CEP164), which is required for ciliogenesis. CEP164 depletion enhanced the clonogenicity of Panc1 cells, along with chemically induced elimination of primary cilia, suggesting that a lack of these organelles promotes PDAC cells proliferation. In addition, the loss of CEP164 altered the cell cycle progression irrespective of absence of primary cilia. We found that CEP164 was co-localized with the GLI2 transcription factor at the mother centriole and controlled its activation, thus inducing Cyclin D-CDK6 expression. Furthermore, CEP164-mutated Panc1 cells were significantly tolerant to KRAS depletion-dependent growth inhibition. This study suggests that CEP164 deficiency is advantageous for PDAC cells proliferation due to not only lack of ciliation but also cilia-independent GLI2-Cyclin D/CDK6 activation, and that CEP164 is a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yu Mashima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ayano Shoda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mio Tokuda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Choi SR, Yang Y, Huang KY, Kong HJ, Flick MJ, Han B. Engineering of biomaterials for tumor modeling. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2020; 8:100117. [PMID: 34541484 PMCID: PMC8448271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2020.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Development of biomaterials mimicking tumor and its microenvironment has recently emerged for the use of drug discovery, precision medicine, and cancer biology. These biomimetic models have developed by reconstituting tumor and stroma cells within the 3D extracellular matrix. The models are recently extended to recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment, including biological, chemical, and mechanical conditions tailored for specific cancer type and its microenvironment. In spite of the recent emergence of various innovative engineered tumor models, many of these models are still early stage to be adapted for cancer research. In this article, we review the current status of biomaterials engineering for tumor models considering three main aspects - cellular engineering, matrix engineering, and engineering for microenvironmental conditions. Considering cancer-specific variability in these aspects, our discussion is focused on pancreatic cancer, specifically pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In addition, we further discussed the current challenges and future opportunities to create reliable and relevant tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rome Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Joon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Suri R, Zimmerman JW, Burkhart RA. Modeling human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for translational research: current options, challenges, and prospective directions. ANNALS OF PANCREATIC CANCER 2020; 3:17. [PMID: 33889840 PMCID: PMC8059695 DOI: 10.21037/apc-20-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with one of the lowest survival rates. Early detection, an improved understanding of tumor biology, and novel therapeutic discoveries are needed in order to improve overall patient survival. Scientific progress towards meeting these goals relies upon accurate modeling of the human disease. From two-dimensional (2D) cell lines to the advanced modeling available today, we aim to characterize the critical tools in efforts to further understand PDAC biology. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's PubMed and the Elsevier's SCOPUS were used to perform a comprehensive literature review evaluating preclinical human-derived PDAC models. Keywords included pancreatic cancer, PDAC, preclinical models, KRAS mutations, xenograft, co-culturing fibroblasts, co-culturing lymphocytes and PDAC immunotherapy Initial search was limited to articles about PDAC and was then expanded to include other gastrointestinal malignancies where information may complement our effort. A supervised review of the key literature's references was utilized to augment the capture of relevant data. The discovery and refinement of techniques enabling immortalized 2D cell culture provided the cornerstone for modern cancer biology research. Cell lines have been widely used to represent PDAC in vitro but are limited in capacity to model three-dimensional (3D) tumor attributes and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Xenografts are an alternative method to model PDAC with improved capacity to understand certain aspects of 3D tumor biology in vivo while limited by the use of immunodeficient mice. Advances of in vitro modeling techniques have led to 3D organoid models for PDAC biology. Co-culturing models in the 3D environment have been proposed as an efficient modeling system for improving upon the limitations encountered in the standard 2D and xenograft tumor models. The integrated network of cells and stroma that comprise PDAC in vivo need to be accurately depicted ex vivo to continue to make progress in this disease. Recapitulating the complex tumor microenvironment in a preclinical model of human disease is an outstanding and urgent need in PDAC. Definitive characterization of available human models for PDAC serves to further the core mission of pancreatic cancer translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reecha Suri
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn W. Zimmerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Burkhart
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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