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Srivastava A, Pusuluri M, Balakrishnan D, Vattikuti JL, Neelamraju S, Sundaram RM, Mangrauthia SK, Ram T. Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Major Loci Associated with Resistance against Brown Planthoppers ( Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) Derived from Oryza nivara. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2066. [PMID: 38003009 PMCID: PMC10671472 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a highly destructive pest of rice, causing significant economic losses in various regions of South and Southeast Asia. Researchers have made promising strides in developing resistance against BPH in rice. Introgression line RPBio4918-230S, derived from Oryza nivara, has shown consistent resistance to BPH at both the seedling and adult stages of rice plants. Segregation analysis has revealed that this resistance is governed by two recessive loci, known as bph39(t) and bph40(t), contributing to 21% and 22% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. We later mapped the genes using a backcross population derived from a cross between Swarna and RPBio4918-230S. We identified specific marker loci, namely RM8213, RM5953, and R4M17, on chromosome 4, flanking the bph39(t) and bph40(t) loci. Furthermore, quantitative expression analysis of candidate genes situated between the RM8213 and R4M17 markers was conducted. It was observed that eight genes exhibited up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S and down-regulation in Swarna after BPH infestation. One gene of particular interest, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor (STPKR), showed significant up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S. In-depth sequencing of the susceptible and resistant alleles of STPKR from Swarna and RPBio4918-230S, respectively, revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (InDel) mutations, both in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. Notably, six of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions in the coding region of STPKR (R5K, I38L, S120N, T319A, T320S, and F348S) when compared to Swarna and the reference sequence of Nipponbare. Further validation of these mutations in a set of highly resistant and susceptible backcross inbred lines confirmed the candidacy of the STPKR gene with respect to BPH resistance controlled by bph39(t) and bph40(t). Functional markers specific for STPKR have been developed and validated and can be used for accelerated transfer of the resistant locus to elite rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Madhu Pusuluri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Jhansi Lakshmi Vattikuti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
| | | | - Tilathoo Ram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (R.M.S.)
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Aziz MA, Sabeem M, Kutty MS, Rahman S, Alneyadi MK, Alkaabi AB, Almeqbali ES, Brini F, Vijayan R, Masmoudi K. Enzyme stabilization and thermotolerance function of the intrinsically disordered LEA2 proteins from date palm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11878. [PMID: 37482543 PMCID: PMC10363547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In date palm, the LEA2 genes are of abundance with sixty-two members that are nearly all ubiquitous. However, their functions and interactions with potential target molecules are largely unexplored. In this study, five date palm LEA2 genes, PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.3, PdLEA2.4, PdLEA2.6, and PdLEA2.7 were cloned, sequenced, and three of them, PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.3, and PdLEA2.4 were functionally characterized for their effects on the thermostability of two distinct enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-glucosidase (bglG) in vitro. Overall, PdLEA2.3 and PdLEA2.4 were moderately hydrophilic, PdLEA2.7 was slightly hydrophobic, and PdLEA2.2 and PdLEA2.6 were neither. Sequence and structure prediction indicated the presence of a stretch of hydrophobic residues near the N-terminus that could potentially form a transmembrane helix in PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.4, PdLEA2.6 and PdLEA2.7. In addition to the transmembrane helix, secondary and tertiary structures prediction showed the presence of a disordered region followed by a stacked β-sheet region in all the PdLEA2 proteins. Moreover, three purified recombinant PdLEA2 proteins were produced in vitro, and their presence in the LDH enzymatic reaction enhanced the activity and reduced the aggregate formation of LDH under the heat stress. In the bglG enzymatic assays, PdLEA2 proteins further displayed their capacity to preserve and stabilize the bglG enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughair Abdul Aziz
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Miloofer Sabeem
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - M Sangeeta Kutty
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, India
| | - Shafeeq Rahman
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maitha Khalfan Alneyadi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alia Binghushoom Alkaabi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Eiman Saeed Almeqbali
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/ University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE.
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Kapoor P, Rakhra G, Kumar V, Joshi R, Gupta M, Rakhra G. Insights into the functional characterization of DIR proteins through genome-wide in silico and evolutionary studies: a systematic review. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:166. [PMID: 37202648 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dirigent proteins (DIRs) are a new class of proteins that were identified during the 8-8' lignan biosynthetic pathway and involves the formation of ( +) or ( -)-pinoresinol through stereoselective coupling from E-coniferyl alcohol. These proteins are known to play a vital role in the development and stress response in plants. Various studies have reported the functional and structural characterization of dirigent gene family in different plants using in silico approaches. Here, we have summarized the importance of dirigent proteins in plants and their role in plant stress tolerance by analyzing the genome-wide analysis including gene structure, mapping of chromosomes, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, gene structure, and gene duplications in important plants. Overall, this review would help to compare and clarify the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of dirigent gene family in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preedhi Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ridhi Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Gurmeen Rakhra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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Pratyusha DS, Sarada DVL. MYB transcription factors-master regulators of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and diverse developmental and stress responses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2245-2260. [PMID: 36171500 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids, the largest class of natural products including flavonoids, anthocyanins, monolignols and tannins perform multiple functions ranging from photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, regulating growth, cell division, maintenance of redox homeostasis and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Being sedentary life forms, plants possess several regulatory modules that increase their performance in varying environments by facilitating activation of several signaling cascades upon perception of developmental and stress signals. Of the various regulatory modules, those involving MYB transcription factors are one of the extensive groups involved in regulating the phenylpropanoid metabolic enzymes in addition to other genes. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are a class of plant-specific transcription factors that regulate the expression of structural genes involved in anthocyanin, flavonoid and monolignol biosynthesis which are indispensable to several developmental pathways and stress responses. The aim of this review is to present the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by MYB transcription factors via Phospholipase D/phosphatidic acid signaling, downstream activation of the structural genes, leading to developmental and/or stress responses. Specific MYB transcription factors inducing or repressing specific structural genes of anthocyanin, flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways are discussed. Further the roles of MYB in activating biotic and abiotic stress responses are delineated. While several articles have reported the role of MYB's in stress responses, they are restricted to two or three specific MYB factors. This review is a consolidation of the diverse roles of different MYB transcription factors involved both in induction and repression of anthocyanin, flavonoid, and lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durvasula Sumana Pratyusha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Dronamraju V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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FaesAP3_1 Regulates the FaesELF3 Gene Involved in Filament-Length Determination of Long-Homostyle Fagopyrum esculentum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214403. [PMID: 36430880 PMCID: PMC9694435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification downstream genes of floral organ identity regulators are critical to revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying floral morphogenesis. However, a general regulatory pathway between floral organ identity genes and their downstream targets is still unclear because of the lack of studies in nonmodel species. Here, we screened a direct downstream target gene, FaesELF3, of a stamen identity transcription factor, FaesAP3_1, in long-homostyle (LH) Fagopyrum esculentum moench by using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DR) assays. Furthermore, FaesAP3_1-silenced LH plants that produced flowers with part stamens or anthers homeotically converted into a tepaloid structure, and FaesELF3-silenced plants that had flowers with part stamens consisting of a short filament and empty anther (male sterile anther). All these suggested that transcription factor (TF) FaesAP3_1 directly activates FaesELF3 in order to regulate filament elongation and pollen grain development in LH buckwheat. Our data also suggested that other stamen development pathways independent of FaesAP3_1 remain in F. esculentum.
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Rajput R, Naik J, Stracke R, Pandey A. Interplay between R2R3 MYB-type activators and repressors regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in banana (Musa acuminata). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1108-1127. [PMID: 35842782 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are oligomeric flavonoids that promote plant disease resistance and benefit human health. Banana is one of the world's most extensively farmed crops and its fruit pulp contain proanthocyanidins. However, the transcriptional regulatory network that fine tunes proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in banana remains poorly understood. We characterised two proanthocyanidin-specific R2R3 MYB activators (MaMYBPA1-MaMYBPA2) and four repressors (MaMYBPR1-MaMYBPR4) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in banana. Heterologous expression of MaMYBPA1 and MaMYBPA2 partially complemented the Arabidopsis thaliana proanthocyanidin-deficient transparent testa2 mutant. MaMYBPA1 and MaMYBPA2 interacted physically with MaMYCs to transactivate anthocyanin synthase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and anthocyanidin reductase genes in vitro and form functional MYB-bHLH-WD Repeat (MBW) complexes with MaTTG1 to transactivate these promoters in vivo. Overexpression of MaMYBPAs alone or with MaMYC in banana fruits induced proanthocyanidin accumulation and transcription of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis-related genes. MaMYBPR repressors are also shown to interact with MaMYCs forming repressing MBW complexes, and diminished proanthocyanidin accumulation. Interestingly overexpression of MaMYBPA induces the expression of MaMYBPR, indicating an agile regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis through the formation of competitive MBW complexes. Our results reveal regulatory modules of R2R3 MYB- that fine tune proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and offer possible targets for genetic manipulation for nutritional improvement of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Rajput
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jogindra Naik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ralf Stracke
- Chair of Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Associated with Natural Variation in Autumn Leaf Coloration in Quercus aliena Accessions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012179. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercus aliena is an economically important tree species and one of the dominant native oak species in China. Although its leaves typically turn yellow in autumn, we observed natural variants with red leaves. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved in leaf color variation in this species. Therefore, we compared a Q. aliena tree with yellow leaves and three variants with red leaves at different stages of senescence in order to determine the causes of natural variation. We found that the accumulation of anthocyanins such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-sambubiglycoside had a significant effect on leaf coloration. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of almost all genes encoding enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in the red-leaved variants during the early and main discoloration stages of senescence. These findings are consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanin in red variants. Furthermore, the variants showed significantly higher expression of transcription factors associated with anthocyanin synthesis, such as those encoded by genes QaMYB1 and QaMYB3. Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in autumn leaf coloration in Q. aliena, as well as provide genetic resources for further development and cultivation of valuable ornamental variants of this species.
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Li JL, Weng Z, Li XY, Xu B, Gao YF, Rong LP. De novo transcriptome revealed genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport, and regulation in a mutant of Acer pseudosieboldianum. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:567. [PMID: 35941547 PMCID: PMC9361605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acer pseudosieboldianum is a kind of excellent color-leafed plants, and well known for its red leaves in autumn. At the same time, A. pseudosieboldianum is one of the native tree species in the northeast of China, and it plays an important role in improving the lack of color-leafed plants in the north. In previous study, we found a mutant of the A. pseudosieboldianum that leaves intersect red and green in spring and summer. However, it is unclear which genes cause the color change of mutant leaves. RESULTS In order to study the molecular mechanism of leaf color formation, we analyzed the leaves of the mutant group and the control group from A. pseudosieboldianum by RNA deep sequencing in this study. Using an Illumina sequencing platform, we obtained approximately 276,071,634 clean reads. After the sequences were filtered and assembled, the transcriptome data generated a total of 70,014 transcripts and 54,776 unigenes, of which 34,486 (62.96%) were successfully annotated in seven public databases. There were 8,609 significant DEGs identified between the control and mutant groups, including 4,897 upregulated and 3,712 downregulated genes. We identified 13 genes of DEGs for leaf color synthesis that was involved in the flavonoid pathway, 26 genes that encoded transcription factors, and eight genes associated with flavonoid transport. CONCLUSION Our results provided comprehensive gene expression information about A. pseudosieboldianum transcriptome, and directed the further study of accumulation of anthocyanin in A. pseudosieboldianum, aiming to provide insights into leaf coloring of it through transcriptome sequencing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhuo Weng
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Fu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Li-Ping Rong
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Flores PC, Yoon JS, Kim DY, Seo YW. Transcriptome Analysis of MYB Genes and Patterns of Anthocyanin Accumulation During Seed Development in Wheat. Evol Bioinform Online 2022; 18:11769343221093341. [PMID: 35444404 PMCID: PMC9014723 DOI: 10.1177/11769343221093341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants accumulate key metabolites as a response of biotic/abiotic stress conditions. In seed coats, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and chlorophylls can be found. They have been associated as important antioxidants that affect germination. In wheat, anthocyanins can impart the seed coat color which have been recognized as health-promoting nutrients. Transcription factors act as master regulators of cellular processes. Transcription complexes such as MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) regulate the expression of multiple target genes in various plant species. In this study, the spatiotemporal accumulation of seed coat pigments in different developmental stages (10, 20, 30, and 40 days after pollination) was analyzed using cryo-cuts. Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll contents was quantified, and the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes was evaluated. Finally, transcriptome analysis was performed to analyze putative MYB genes related to seed coat color, followed by further characterization of putative genes. TaTCL2, an MYB gene, was cloned and sequenced. It was determined that TaTCL2 contains a SANT domain, which is often present in proteins participating in the response to anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, TaTCL2 transcript levels were shown to be influenced by anthocyanin accumulation during grain development. Interaction network analysis showed interactions with GL2 (HD-ZIP IV), EGL3 (bHLH), and TTG1 (WD40). The findings of this study elucidate the mechanisms underlying color formation in Triticum aestivum L. seed coats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Seok Yoon
- Ojeong Plant Breeding Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Tanaka M, Fujiwara T. Three regions of the NIP5;1 promoter are required for expression in different cell types in Arabidopsis thaliana root. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1993654. [PMID: 34753382 PMCID: PMC9208793 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1993654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana NIP5;1, a boric acid diffusion facilitator, is involved in the acquisition of boron (B) from soil for growth under B limitation. AtNIP5;1 is expressed mainly in roots, where its expression is highest in the root cap and elongation zone. Here, we studied the role of the AtNIP5;1 promoter in the expression of this gene in roots. We fused a series of AtNIP5;1 promoter variants with deleted 5'-fragments to the GUS reporter gene and investigated the expression patterns by histochemical staining. We found that three regions of the AtNIP5;1 promoter are required for specific expression in the root cap and elongation zone (-880 to -863 bp from the translation start site), distal side of the differentiation zone (-747 to -722 bp), and basal side of the differentiation zone (-661 and -621 bp). The results suggest that at least three regions of the AtNIP5;1 promoter each confer different cell-type-specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cai F, Shao C, Zhang Y, Shi G, Bao Z, Bao M, Zhang J. Two FD homologs from London plane (Platanus acerifolia) are associated with floral initiation and flower morphology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110971. [PMID: 34315589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The flowering-time gene FD encodes a bZIP transcription factor that interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to induce flowering in Arabidopsis. Previous research has identified two FT homologs of Platanus acerifolia, PaFT and PaFTL, which each have different expression patterns and are involved in diverse developmental processes. However, it is not known whether such FT/FD complexes participate in the flowering processes in P. acerifolia. Therefore, we isolated two closely related FD homologs, PaFDL1 and PaFDL2, and investigated their functions through the analysis of expression profiles, transgenic phenotypes, their interactions with different FT proteins, and potential cis-regulatory elements in their promoters. The PaFDL genes were found to display their maximal expression levels during the stage of floral transition, and subsequent expression patterns were also seen to be related to inflorescence developmental stage. In addition, both PaFDL1 and PaFDL2 were found to be subject to post-transcriptional alternative splicing, each gene producing two transcript forms. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing each of the four resulting transcript types displayed accelerated floral initiation and produced abnormal flowers. The results suggested that the complete PaFDL proteins may interact with different PaFT/PaFTL proteins in order to fulfill both conservative and diverse functions in floral initiation and floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Gehui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiru Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Wang P, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Cai Z, Liao J, Tan Q, Xiang M, Chang L, Xu D, Tian Q, Wang D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of NPR family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida. Gene 2020; 769:145210. [PMID: 33069807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related (NPR) genes are bona fide transcription cofactors in the signal transduction pathway of salicylic acid (SA) and play critical regulatory roles in plant immunity. However, the NPR family genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida have not yet been comprehensively identified and analyzed as of yet. In the present study, NPR genes in B. juncea var. tumida seedlings were identified, and the tissue-specific expression patterns of NPR genes in the seedling were analyzed under salt stress (200 mM) treatment and infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. A total of 19 NPR family genes clustering into six separate groups were identified in the genome of B. juncea var. tumida. These BjuNPR family genes were located in 11 of 18 chromosomes of B. juncea var. tumida and each possessed 1-5 exons. The BjuNPR family members had similar protein structures and conserved motifs. The BjuNPR genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns in the root, stem, leaf, flower and pod. Some BjuNPR genes were sensitive to salt stress and showed up-regulated or down-regulated expression patterns and most BjuNPR genes were up-regulated upon infection by P. brassicae. This study provides a foundation for further research into BjuNPR genes regulation in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Control Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crops of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhaoming Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Jingjing Liao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Qin Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Meiqin Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Lijie Chang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Qin Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Diandong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China.
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Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080891. [PMID: 32764272 PMCID: PMC7464560 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines.
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14
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To A, Joubès J, Thueux J, Kazaz S, Lepiniec L, Baud S. AtMYB92 enhances fatty acid synthesis and suberin deposition in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:660-676. [PMID: 32246506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl lipids are important constituents of the plant cell. Depending on the cell type, requirements in acyl lipids vary greatly, implying a tight regulation of fatty acid and lipid metabolism. The discovery of the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factors, members of the AP2-EREBP (APETALA2-ethylene-responsive element binding protein) family, has emphasized the importance of transcriptional regulation for adapting the rate of acyl chain production to cell requirements. Here, we describe the identification of another activator of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, the Arabidopsis MYB92 transcription factor. This MYB and all the members of the subgroups S10 and S24 of MYB transcription factors can directly activate the promoter of BCCP2 that encodes a component of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Two adjacent MYB cis-regulatory elements are essential for the binding and activation of the BCCP2 promoter by MYB92. Overexpression of MYB92 or WRI1 in Nicotiana benthamiana induces the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes but results in the accumulation of different types of acyl lipids. In the presence of WRI1, triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes coded by constitutively expressed genes efficiently channel the excess fatty acids toward reserve lipid accumulation. By contrast, MYB92 activates both fatty acid and suberin biosynthetic genes; hence, the remarkable increase in suberin monomers measured in leaves expressing MYB92. These results provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms that control the biosynthesis of an important cell wall-associated acylglycerol polymer playing critical roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra To
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean Thueux
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sami Kazaz
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
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15
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Xu H, Zou Q, Yang G, Jiang S, Fang H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen X. MdMYB6 regulates anthocyanin formation in apple both through direct inhibition of the biosynthesis pathway and through substrate removal. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:72. [PMID: 32377362 PMCID: PMC7195469 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism are important processes during plant growth, but the molecular interactions underlying these pathways are still unclear. In this work, we analyzed the anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents, as well as the transcript levels of transcription factors that are known to be related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in 'Hongcui 1' apple flesh during fruit development. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in red-fleshed calli was found to reduce anthocyanin content and result in downregulated expression of the MdANS and MdGSTF12 proteins. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses showed that MdMYB6 could directly bind to the promoters of MdANS and MdGSTF12, indicating that MdMYB6 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdANS and MdGSTF12. Overexpression of MdTMT1 in the Arabidopsis tmt1 mutant restored the glucose and fructose contents to the wild-type levels, while overexpression of MdTMT1 in red-fleshed calli increased the contents of glucose and fructose but reduced the contents of UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and anthocyanin. Using a GUS reporter system, yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses, we found that MdMYB6 could bind to the promoter of MdTMT1, resulting in increased promoter activity. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in calli overexpressing MdTMT1 increased the expression of MdTMT1, which led to reduced contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose and decreased anthocyanin content compared to those of the calli that overexpressed MdTMT1. This finding suggested that MdMYB6 could also inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdTMT1 to decrease the contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. Taken together, these results showed that MdMYB6 and MdTMT1 play key roles in both anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Qi Zou
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Guanxian Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
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16
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Sarkar MAR, Watanabe S, Suzuki A, Hashimoto F, Anai T. Identification of novel MYB transcription factors involved in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway by using the combination screening system with agroinfiltration and hairy root transformation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:241-251. [PMID: 31983878 PMCID: PMC6978502 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones are functionally important secondary metabolites that are mainly accumulated in seeds. Their biosynthetic processes are regulated coordinately at the transcriptional level; however, screening systems for key transcription factors (TFs) are limited. Here we developed a combination screening system comprising a simple agroinfiltration assay and a robust hairy root transformation assay. First, we screened for candidate MYB TFs that could activate the promoters of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene GmCHS8 and the isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes GmIFS1 and GmIFS2 in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway. In the agroinfiltration assay, we co-transformed a LjUbi (Lotus japonicus polyubiquitin gene) promoter-fused MYB gene with target promoter-fused GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene constructs, and identified three genes (GmMYB102, GmMYB280, and GmMYB502) as candidate regulators of isoflavone biosynthesis. We then evaluated the functional regulatory role of identified three MYB genes in isoflavone biosynthesis using hairy roots transformation assay in soybean for the accumulation of isoflavones. Three candidate MYB genes showed an increased accumulation of total isoflavones in hairy root transgenic lines. Accumulation of total isoflavones in the three MYB-overexpressing lines was approximately 2-to 4-folds more than that in the vector control, confirming their possible role to regulate isoflavone biosynthesis. However, the significant accumulation of authentic GmCHS8, GmIFS1, and GmIFS2 transcripts could not be observed except for the GmMYB502-overexpressing line. Therefore, the analysis of isoflavone accumulation in transgenic hairy root was effective for evaluation of transactivation activity of MYB TFs for isoflavone biosynthetic genes. Our results demonstrate a simple and robust system that can potentially identify the function of orphan TFs in diverse plant metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdur Rauf Sarkar
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Fumio Hashimoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- E-mail: Tel & Fax: +81-952-28-8725
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17
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Freitas EO, Melo BP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Arraes FBM, Amorim RM, Lisei-de-Sá ME, Costa JA, Leite AGB, Faheem M, Ferreira MA, Morgante CV, Fontes EPB, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Identification and characterization of the GmRD26 soybean promoter in response to abiotic stresses: potential tool for biotechnological application. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 31747926 PMCID: PMC6865010 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the most harmful abiotic stresses for plants, leading to reduced productivity of several economically important crops and, consequently, considerable losses in the agricultural sector. When plants are exposed to stressful conditions, such as drought and high salinity, they modulate the expression of genes that lead to developmental, biochemical, and physiological changes, which help to overcome the deleterious effects of adverse circumstances. Thus, the search for new specific gene promoter sequences has proved to be a powerful biotechnological strategy to control the expression of key genes involved in water deprivation or multiple stress responses. RESULTS This study aimed to identify and characterize the GmRD26 promoter (pGmRD26), which is involved in the regulation of plant responses to drought stress. The expression profile of the GmRD26 gene was investigated by qRT-PCR under normal and stress conditions in Williams 82, BR16 and Embrapa48 soybean-cultivars. Our data confirm that GmRD26 is induced under water deficit with different induction folds between analyzed cultivars, which display different genetic background and physiological behaviour under drought. The characterization of the GmRD26 promoter was performed under simulated stress conditions with abscisic acid (ABA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and drought (air dry) on A. thaliana plants containing the complete construct of pGmRD26::GUS (2.054 bp) and two promoter modules, pGmRD26A::GUS (909 pb) and pGmRD26B::GUS (435 bp), controlling the expression of the β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene. Analysis of GUS activity has demonstrated that pGmRD26 and pGmRD26A induce strong reporter gene expression, as the pAtRD29 positive control promoter under ABA and PEG treatment. CONCLUSIONS The full-length promoter pGmRD26 and the pGmRD26A module provides an improved uidA transcription capacity when compared with the other promoter module, especially in response to polyethylene glycol and drought treatments. These data indicate that pGmRD26A may become a promising biotechnological asset with potential use in the development of modified drought-tolerant plants or other plants designed for stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinea O Freitas
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina M Amorim
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria E Lisei-de-Sá
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais State, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia A Costa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasilia - Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana G B Leite
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasilia - Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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18
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Liu T, Luo T, Guo X, Zou X, Zhou D, Afrin S, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Luo Z. PgMYB2, a MeJA-Responsive Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates the Dammarenediol Synthase Gene Expression in Panax Ginseng. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092219. [PMID: 31064108 PMCID: PMC6539309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor family members have been reported to play different roles in plant growth regulation, defense response, and secondary metabolism. However, MYB gene expression has not been reported in Panax ginseng. In this study, we isolated a gene from ginseng adventitious root, PgMYB2, which encodes an R2R3-MYB protein. Subcellular localization revealed that PgMYB2 protein was exclusively detected in the nucleus of Allium cepa epidermis. The highest expression level of PgMYB2 was found in ginseng root and it was significantly induced by plant hormones methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Furthermore, the binding interaction between PgMYB2 protein and the promoter of dammarenediol synthase (DDS) was found in the yeast strain Y1H Gold. Moreover, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) identified the binding site of the interaction and the results of transiently overexpressing PgMYB2 in plants also illustrated that it may positively regulate the expression of PgDDS. Based on the key role of PgDDS gene in ginsenoside synthesis, it is reasonable to believe that this report will be helpful for the future studies on the MYB family in P. ginseng and ultimately improving the ginsenoside production through genetic and metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Tiao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- School of Stomatology of Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410006, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xian Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Donghua Zhou
- School of Stomatology of Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410006, China.
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Gui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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19
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Chao J, Zhao Y, Jin J, Wu S, Deng X, Chen Y, Tian WM. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the JAZ Gene Family in Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis). Front Genet 2019; 10:372. [PMID: 31118943 PMCID: PMC6504806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonate signaling plays a vital role in the regulation of secondary laticifer differentiation and natural rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis. Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins are the master regulators of jasmonate signaling. Although several JAZs have been reported in the laticifer cells of H. brasiliensis, the genome-wide screening of HbJAZ members has not yet been explored. In the present study, 18 HbJAZs were identified based on the recent H. brasiliensis genome. Phylogenetic construction revealed that the HbJAZs were clustered into five subgroups and that members within the same subgroup shared highly conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Cis-element analysis of HbJAZ promoters suggested the presence of hormone, stress and development-related cis-elements. HbJAZ1.0, HbJAZ2.0, and HbJAZ5.0 interacted with CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) in the presence of coronatine (COR, a JA mimic). HbJAZ1.0, HbJAZ2.0, HbJAZ5.0, and HbJAZ12.0 could also interact with each other. Of the 18 HbJAZs, transcripts of 15 HbJAZs were present in the vascular cambium region except for that of HbJAZ7.0, HbJAZ8.0d, and HbJAZ13.0. Fourteen of the 15 HbJAZs were significantly up-regulated upon COR treatment. The transcripts of three genes that were absent from vascular cambium region were also absent from the latex. Among the 15 HbJAZs in the latex, the expression patterns of 13 HbJAZs were different between the tapping and ethrel treatments. Eight of the 14 COR-up-regulated HbJAZs in the vascular cambium region were also activated by tapping in latex. Of the eight tapping-activated HbJAZs, 5 HbJAZs were repressed by ethrel application. Based on the computational analyses and gene expression patterns described in this study, the HbJAZ5.0 and HbJAZ10.0b may be associated with laticifer differentiation while the HbJAZ8.0b is a negative regulator for natural rubber biosynthesis in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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20
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Cotton Late Embryogenesis Abundant ( LEA2) Genes Promote Root Growth and Confer Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2781-2803. [PMID: 29934376 PMCID: PMC6071604 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play key roles in plant drought tolerance. In this study, 157, 85 and 89 candidate LEA2 proteins were identified in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii respectively. LEA2 genes were classified into 6 groups, designated as group 1 to 6. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed orthologous gene pairs within the cotton genome. The cotton specific LEA2 motifs identified were E, R and D in addition to Y, K and S motifs. The genes were distributed on all chromosomes. LEA2s were found to be highly enriched in non-polar, aliphatic amino acid residues, with leucine being the highest, 9.1% in proportion. The miRNA, ghr-miR827a/b/c/d and ghr-miR164 targeted many genes are known to be drought stress responsive. Various stress-responsive regulatory elements, ABA-responsive element (ABRE), Drought-responsive Element (DRE/CRT), MYBS and low-temperature-responsive element (LTRE) were detected. Most genes were highly expressed in leaves and roots, being the primary organs greatly affected by water deficit. The expression levels were much higher in G. tomentosum as opposed to G. hirsutum. The tolerant genotype had higher capacity to induce more of LEA2 genes. Over expression of the transformed gene Cot_AD24498 showed that the LEA2 genes are involved in promoting root growth and in turn confers drought stress tolerance. We therefore infer that Cot_AD24498, CotAD_20020, CotAD_21924 and CotAD_59405 could be the candidate genes with profound functions under drought stress in upland cotton among the LEA2 genes. The transformed Arabidopsis plants showed higher tolerance levels to drought stress compared to the wild types. There was significant increase in antioxidants, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation, increased root length and significant reduction in oxidants, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the leaves of transformed lines under drought stress condition. This study provides comprehensive analysis of LEA2 proteins in cotton thus forms primary foundation for breeders to utilize these genes in developing drought tolerant genotypes.
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The Direct Involvement of Dark-Induced Tic55 Protein in Chlorophyll Catabolism and Its Indirect Role in the MYB108-NAC Signaling Pathway during Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071854. [PMID: 29937503 PMCID: PMC6073118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast relies on proteins encoded in the nucleus, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently transported into chloroplast through the protein complexes Toc and Tic (Translocon at the outer/inner membrane of chloroplasts). A Tic complex member, Tic55, contains a redox-related motif essential for protein import into chloroplasts in peas. However, Tic55 is not crucial for protein import in Arabidopsis. Here, a tic55-II-knockout mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was characterized for Tic55 localization, its relationship with other translocon proteins, and its association with plant leaf senescence when compared to the wild type. Individually darkened leaves (IDLs) obtained through dark-induced leaf senescence were used to demonstrate chlorophyll breakdown and its relationship with plant senescence in the tic55-II-knockout mutant. The IDLs of the tic55-II-knockout mutant contained higher chlorophyll concentrations than those of the wild type. Our microarray analysis of IDLs during leaf senescence identified seven senescence-associated genes (SAGs) that were downregulated in the tic55-II-knockout mutant: ASP3, APG7, DIN2, DIN11, SAG12, SAG13, and YLS9. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the reliability of microarray analysis by showing the same expression patterns with those of the microarray data. Thus, Tic55 functions in dark-induced aging in A. thaliana by indirectly regulating downstream SAGs expression. In addition, the expression of four NAC genes, including ANAC003, ANAC010, ANAC042, and ANAC075 of IDL treated tic55-II-knockout mutant appeared to be downregulated. Yeast one hybrid assay revealed that only ANAC003 promoter region can be bound by MYB108, suggesting that a MYB-NAC regulatory network is involved in dark-stressed senescence.
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Corbin C, Drouet S, Markulin L, Auguin D, Lainé É, Davin LB, Cort JR, Lewis NG, Hano C. A genome-wide analysis of the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) dirigent protein family: from gene identification and evolution to differential regulation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:73-101. [PMID: 29713868 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Identification of DIR encoding genes in flax genome. Analysis of phylogeny, gene/protein structures and evolution. Identification of new conserved motifs linked to biochemical functions. Investigation of spatio-temporal gene expression and response to stress. Dirigent proteins (DIRs) were discovered during 8-8' lignan biosynthesis studies, through identification of stereoselective coupling to afford either (+)- or (-)-pinoresinols from E-coniferyl alcohol. DIRs are also involved or potentially involved in terpenoid, allyl/propenyl phenol lignan, pterocarpan and lignin biosynthesis. DIRs have very large multigene families in different vascular plants including flax, with most still of unknown function. DIR studies typically focus on a small subset of genes and identification of biochemical/physiological functions. Herein, a genome-wide analysis and characterization of the predicted flax DIR 44-membered multigene family was performed, this species being a rich natural grain source of 8-8' linked secoisolariciresinol-derived lignan oligomers. All predicted DIR sequences, including their promoters, were analyzed together with their public gene expression datasets. Expression patterns of selected DIRs were examined using qPCR, as well as through clustering analysis of DIR gene expression. These analyses further implicated roles for specific DIRs in (-)-pinoresinol formation in seed-coats, as well as (+)-pinoresinol in vegetative organs and/or specific responses to stress. Phylogeny and gene expression analysis segregated flax DIRs into six distinct clusters with new cluster-specific motifs identified. We propose that these findings can serve as a foundation to further systematically determine functions of DIRs, i.e. other than those already known in lignan biosynthesis in flax and other species. Given the differential expression profiles and inducibility of the flax DIR family, we provisionally propose that some DIR genes of unknown function could be involved in different aspects of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Lucija Markulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France
| | - Laurence B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - John R Cort
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Norman G Lewis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 28000, Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, CNRS GDR3711, 28000, Chartres, France.
- Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 Rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France.
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Huang H, Xia EH, Zhang HB, Yao QY, Gao LZ. De novo transcriptome sequencing of Camellia sasanqua and the analysis of major candidate genes related to floral traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:103-111. [PMID: 28992542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sasanqua is one of the most famous horticultural plants in Camellia (Theaceae) due to its aesthetic appeal as landscape plant. Knowledge regarding the genetic basis of flowering time, floral aroma and color in C. sasanqua is limited, but is essential to breed new varieties with desired floral traits. Here, we described the de novo transcriptome of young leaves, flower buds and flowers of C. sasanqua. A total of 60,127 unigenes were functionally annotated based on the sequence similarity. After analysis, we found that two floral integrator genes, SOC1 and AP1, in flowering time pathway showed evidence of gene family expansion. Compared with 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway, some genes in the mevalonate pathway were most highly expressed, suggesting that this might represent the major pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis related to floral aroma in C. sasanqua. In flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, PAL, CHI, DFR and ANS showing significantly higher expression levels in flowers and flower buds might have important role in regulation of floral color. The top five most transcription factors (TFs) families in C. sasanqua transcriptome were MYB, MIKC, C3H, FAR1 and HD-ZIP, many of which have a direct relationship with floral traits. In addition, we also identified 33,540 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the C. sasanqua transcriptome. Collectively, the C. sasanqua transcriptome dataset generated from this study along with the SSR markers provide a new resource for the identification of novel regulatory transcripts and will accelerate the genetic improvement of C. sasanqua breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - En-Hua Xia
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiu-Yang Yao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li-Zhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Institution of Genomics and Bioinformatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang N, Zhang W, Qin M, Li S, Qiao M, Liu Z, Xiang F. Drought Tolerance Conferred in Soybean (Glycine max. L) by GmMYB84, a Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1764-1776. [PMID: 29016915 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MYB-type transcription factors (MYB TFs) play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of MYB TFs during stress response remain unclear. In this study we identified a R2R3-MYB TF in soybean (Glycine max), denoted GmMYB84, which contributes to drought resistance. Expression of GmMYB84 was induced by drought, salt stress, H2O2 and ABA. Compared with the wild type (WT), GmMYB84-overexpressing soybean mutants (OE lines) exhibited enhanced drought resistance with a higher survival rate, longer primary root length, greater proline and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, higher antioxidant enzyme activities [peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], a lower dehydration rate and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We also found that ROS could induce SOD/POD/CAT activity in OE lines. In particular, we found that the optimal level of ROS is required for GmMYB84 to modulate primary root elongation. Some ROS-related genes were up-regulated under abiotic stress in GmMYB84 transgenic plants compared with the WT. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter analysis demonstrated that GmMYB84 binds directly to the promoter of GmRBOHB-1 and GmRBOHB-2 genes. Based on this evidence, we propose a model for how GmMYB84, H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes work together to control root growth under both optimal and drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyin Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Shandong Province Administration of Work Safety, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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The wheat salinity-induced R2R3-MYB transcription factor TaSIM confers salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:642-648. [PMID: 28757414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are a large family of proteins involved in plant development and responses to stress. In this study, the wheat salinity-induced R2R3-MYB transcription factor TaSIM was functionally characterized, with a focus on its role in salt stress tolerance. TaSIM protein enters the nucleus and binds to the MYB-binding site II motif. Expression analysis revealed that TaSIM was induced by drought, high salinity, low temperature, and abscisic acid treatment. Overexpression of TaSIM improved salt stress tolerance in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the transcript levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent (RD22) and ABA-independent (RD29A) signaling were higher in TaSIM-overexpressing plants than in the wild type. These results suggest that TaSIM positively modulates salt stress tolerance and has potential applications in molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance in crops.
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Vulavala VKR, Fogelman E, Rozental L, Faigenboim A, Tanami Z, Shoseyov O, Ginzberg I. Identification of genes related to skin development in potato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:481-494. [PMID: 28536883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Newly identified genes that are preferentially expressed in potato skin include genes that are associated with the secondary cell wall and stress-related activities and contribute to the skin's protective function. Microarrays were used to compare the skin and tuber-flesh transcriptomes of potato, to identify genes that contribute to the unique characteristics of the skin as a protective tissue. Functional gene analysis indicated that genes involved in developmental processes such as cell division, cell differentiation, morphogenesis and secondary cell wall formation (lignification and suberization), and stress-related activities, are more highly expressed in the skin than in the tuber flesh. Several genes that were differentially expressed in the skin (as verified by qPCR) and had not been previously identified in potato were selected for further analysis. These included the StKCS20-like, StFAR3, StCYP86A22 and StPOD72-like genes, whose sequences suggest that they may be closely related to known suberin-related genes; the StHAP3 transcription factor that directs meristem-specific expression; and the StCASP1B2-like and StCASP1-like genes, which are two orthologs of a protein family that mediates the formation of Casparian strips in the suberized endodermis of Arabidopsis roots. An examination of microtubers induced from transgenic plants carrying GUS reporter constructs of these genes indicated that these genes were expressed in the skin, with little to no expression in the tuber flesh. Some of the reporter constructs were preferentially expressed in the inner layers of the skin, the root endodermis, the vascular cambium and the epidermis of the stem. Cis-regulatory elements within the respective promoter sequences support this gene-expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya K R Vulavala
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Lior Rozental
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Zachariah Tanami
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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27
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Wang N, Xu H, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Lu N, Qiu H, Qu C, Wang Y, Wu S, Chen X. MYB12 and MYB22 play essential roles in proanthocyanidin and flavonol synthesis in red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:276-292. [PMID: 28107780 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are major polyphenol compounds in plant secondary metabolism. Wild red-fleshed apples (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) are an excellent resource because of their much high flavonoid content than cultivated apples. In this work, R6R6, R6R1 and R1R1 genotypes were identified in an F1 segregating population of M. sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana. Significant differences in flavonoid composition and content were detected among the three genotypes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, two putative flavonoid-related genes encoding R2R3-MYB transcription factors, designated MYB12 and MYB22, were cloned and characterized. The expression patterns of MYB12 and MYB22 directly correlated with those of leucoanthocyanidin reductase and flavonol synthase, respectively. Their roles in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified by overexpression in apple callus and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. MYB12 expression in the Arabidopsis TT2 mutant complemented its proanthocyanidin-deficient phenotype. Likewise, MYB22 expression in an Arabidopsis triple mutant complemented its flavonol-deficient phenotype. MYB12 could interact with bHLH3 and bHLH33 and played an essential role in proanthocyanidin synthesis. MYB22 was found to activate flavonol pathways by combining directly with the flavonol synthase promoter. Our findings provide a valuable perspective on flavonoid synthesis and provide a basis for breeding elite functional apples with a high flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ninglin Lu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Longtan Road No. 66, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Huarong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Changzhi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
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Jin M, Zhang X, Zhao M, Deng M, Du Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Brotman Y, Yan J, Wen W. Integrated genomics-based mapping reveals the genetics underlying maize flavonoid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:17. [PMID: 28100172 PMCID: PMC5242060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids constitute a diverse class of secondary metabolites which exhibit potent bioactivities for human health and have been indicated to play an important role in plant development and defense. However, accumulation and variation of flavonoid content in diverse maize lines and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis in this important crop remain largely unknown. In this study, we combine genetic mapping, metabolite profiling and gene regulatory network analysis to further enhance understanding of the maize flavonoid pathway. RESULTS We repeatedly detected 25 QTL corresponding to 23 distinct flavonoids across different environments or populations. In addition, a total of 39 genes were revealed both by an expression based network analysis and genetic mapping. Finally, the function of three candidate genes, including two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) and an oxygenase which belongs to the flavone synthase super family, was revealed via preliminary molecular functional characterization. CONCLUSION We explored the genetic influences on the flavonoid biosynthesis based on integrating the genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic information which provided a rich source of potential candidate genes. The integrated genomics based genetic mapping strategy is highly efficient for defining the complexity of functional genetic variants and their respective regulatory networks as well as in helping to select candidate genes and allelic variance before embarking on laborious transgenic validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Min Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuanhao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Zong Y, Xi X, Li S, Chen W, Zhang B, Liu D, Liu B, Wang D, Zhang H. Allelic Variation and Transcriptional Isoforms of Wheat TaMYC1 Gene Regulating Anthocyanin Synthesis in Pericarp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1645. [PMID: 28983311 PMCID: PMC5613136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently the TaMYC1 gene encoding bHLH transcription factor has been isolated from the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome and shown to co-locate with the Pp3 gene conferring purple pericarp color. As a functional evidence of TaMYC1 and Pp3 being the same, higher transcriptional activity of the TaMYC1 gene in colored pericarp compared to uncolored one has been demonstrated. In the current study, we present additional strong evidences of TaMYC1 to be a synonym of Pp3. Furthermore, we have found differences between dominant and recessive Pp3(TaMyc1) alleles. Light enhancement of TaMYC1 transcription was paralleled with increased AP accumulation only in purple-grain wheat. Coexpression of TaMYC1 and the maize MYB TF gene ZmC1 induced AP accumulation in the coleoptile of white-grain wheat. Suppression of TaMYC1 significantly reduced AP content in purple grains. Two distinct TaMYC1 alleles (TaMYC1p and TaMYC1w) were isolated from purple- and white-grained wheat, respectively. A unique, compound cis-acting regulatory element had six copies in the promoter of TaMYC1p, but was present only once in TaMYC1w. Analysis of recombinant inbred lines showed that TaMYC1p was necessary but not sufficient for AP accumulation in the pericarp tissues. Examination of larger sets of germplasm lines indicated that the evolution of purple pericarp in tetraploid wheat was accompanied by the presence of TaMYC1p. Our findings may promote more systematic basic and applied studies of anthocyanins in common wheat and related Triticeae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai UniversityXining, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
| | - Xinyuan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
- *Correspondence: Baolong Liu
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Daowen Wang
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai UniversityXining, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesXining, China
- Huaigang Zhang
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Jiao Y, Xu W, Duan D, Wang Y, Nick P. A stilbene synthase allele from a Chinese wild grapevine confers resistance to powdery mildew by recruiting salicylic acid signalling for efficient defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5841-5856. [PMID: 27702992 PMCID: PMC5066501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are central phytoalexins in Vitis, and induction of the key enzyme stilbene synthase (STS) is pivotal for disease resistance. Here, we address the potential for breeding resistance using an STS allele isolated from Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata (VpSTS) by comparison with its homologue from Vitis vinifera cv. 'Carigane' (VvSTS). Although the coding regions of both alleles are very similar (>99% identity on the amino acid level), the promoter regions are significantly different. By expression in Arabidopsis as a heterologous system, we show that the allele from the wild Chinese grapevine can confer accumulation of stilbenes and resistance against the powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum, whereas the allele from the vinifera cultivar cannot. To dissect the upstream signalling driving the activation of this promoter, we used a dual-luciferase reporter system in a grapevine cell culture. We show elevated responsiveness of the promoter from the wild grape to salicylic acid (SA) and to the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22, equal induction of both alleles by jasmonic acid (JA), and a lack of response to the cell death-inducing elicitor Harpin. This elevated SA response of the VpSTS promoter depends on calcium influx, oxidative burst by RboH, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, and JA synthesis. We integrate the data in the context of a model where the resistance of V. pseudoreticulata is linked to a more efficient recruitment of SA signalling for phytoalexin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Duan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, D-78133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, D-78133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zhai R, Wang Z, Zhang S, Meng G, Song L, Wang Z, Li P, Ma F, Xu L. Two MYB transcription factors regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1275-84. [PMID: 26687179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds play important roles in the modern diet, and pear fruits are an excellent dietary source of these metabolites. However, information on the regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruits is rare. In this work, 18 putative flavonoid-related MYB transcription factors (TFs) were screened by phylogenetic analysis and four of them were correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis patterns in pear fruits. Among these MYB-like genes, the specific functions of two novel MYB TFs, designated as PbMYB10b and PbMYB9, were further verified by both overexpression and RNAi transient assays. PbMYB10b, a PAP-type MYB TF with atypical motifs in its conserved region, regulated the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways by inducing the expression of PbDFR, but its function could be complemented by other MYB TFs. PbMYB9, a TT2-type MYB, not only acted as the specific activator of the proanthocyanidin pathway by activating the PbANR promoter, but also induced the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols by binding the PbUFGT1 promoter in pear fruits. The MYBCORE-like element has been identified in both the PbUFGT1 promoter and ANR promoters in most species, but it was not found in UFGT promoters isolated from other species. This finding was also supported by a yeast one-hybrid assay and thus enhanced the likelihood of the interaction between PbMYB9 and the PbUFGT1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linyan Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Lambret-Frotté J, Artico S, Muniz Nardeli S, Fonseca F, Brilhante Oliveira-Neto O, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Alves-Ferreira M. Promoter isolation and characterization of GhAO-like1, a Gossypium hirsutum gene similar to multicopper oxidases that is highly expressed in reproductive organs. Genome 2015; 59:23-36. [PMID: 26692462 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the most economically important cultivated crops. It is the major source of natural fiber for the textile industry and an important target for genetic modification for both biotic stress and herbicide tolerance. Therefore, the characterization of genes and regulatory regions that might be useful for genetic transformation is indispensable. The isolation and characterization of new regulatory regions is of great importance to drive transgene expression in genetically modified crops. One of the major drawbacks in cotton production is pest damage; therefore, the most promising, cost-effective, and sustainable method for pest control is the development of genetically resistant cotton lines. Considering this scenario, our group isolated and characterized the promoter region of a MCO (multicopper oxidase) from Gossypium hirsutum, named GhAO-like1 (ascorbate oxidase-like1). The quantitative expression, together with the in vivo characterization of the promoter region reveals that GhAO-like1 has a flower- and fruit-specific expression pattern. The GUS activity is mainly observed in stamens, as expected considering that the GhAO-like1 regulatory sequence is enriched in cis elements, which have been characterized as a target of reproductive tissue specific transcription factors. Both histological and quantitative analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed flower (mainly in stamens) and fruit expression of GhAO-like1. In the present paper, we isolated and characterized both in silico and in vivo the promoter region of the GhAO-like1 gene. The regulatory region of GhAO-like1 might be useful to confer tissue-specific expression in genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lambret-Frotté
- a Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sinara Artico
- a Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah Muniz Nardeli
- a Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- b Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sá
- b Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,c Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- a Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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El-Sharkawy I, Liang D, Xu K. Transcriptome analysis of an apple (Malus × domestica) yellow fruit somatic mutation identifies a gene network module highly associated with anthocyanin and epigenetic regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7359-76. [PMID: 26417021 PMCID: PMC4765799 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using RNA-seq, this study analysed an apple (Malus×domestica) anthocyanin-deficient yellow-skin somatic mutant 'Blondee' (BLO) and its red-skin parent 'Kidd's D-8' (KID), the original name of 'Gala', to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the mutation. A total of 3299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between BLO and KID at four developmental stages and/or between two adjacent stages within BLO and/or KID. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the DEGs uncovered a network module of 34 genes highly correlated (r=0.95, P=9.0×10(-13)) with anthocyanin contents. Although 12 of the 34 genes in the WGCNA module were characterized and known of roles in anthocyanin, the remainder 22 appear to be novel. Examining the expression of ten representative genes in the module in 14 diverse apples revealed that at least eight were significantly correlated with anthocyanin variation. MdMYB10 (MDP0000259614) and MdGST (MDP0000252292) were among the most suppressed module member genes in BLO despite being undistinguishable in their corresponding sequences between BLO and KID. Methylation assay of MdMYB10 and MdGST in fruit skin revealed that two regions (MR3 and MR7) in the MdMYB10 promoter exhibited remarkable differences between BLO and KID. In particular, methylation was high and progressively increased alongside fruit development in BLO while was correspondingly low and constant in KID. The methylation levels in both MR3 and MR7 were negatively correlated with anthocyanin content as well as the expression of MdMYB10 and MdGST. Clearly, the collective repression of the 34 genes explains the loss-of-colour in BLO while the methylation in MdMYB10 promoter is likely causal for the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El-Sharkawy
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456, USA Present address: Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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Jiang W, Yin Q, Wu R, Zheng G, Liu J, Dixon RA, Pang Y. Role of a chalcone isomerase-like protein in flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7165-79. [PMID: 26347569 PMCID: PMC4765788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important natural products for plant defence and human health. Although almost all the flavonoid pathway genes have been well-documented by biochemical and/or genetic approaches, the role of the Arabidopsis chalcone isomerase-like (CHIL) gene remains unclear. Two chil mutants with a seed colour similar to that of wild-type Arabidopsis have been identified here, but in sharp contrast to the characteristic transparent testa seed phenotype associated with other known flavonoid pathway genes. CHIL loss-of-function mutations led to a strong reduction in the proanthocyanidin and flavonol levels in seeds, but not in the anthocyanin levels in leaves. CHIL over-expression could partially recover the mutant phenotype of the chil mutant and increased both proanthocyanidin and flavonol accumulation in wild-type Arabidopsis. However, the CHIL gene could not rescue the mutant phenotype of TT5 that encodes the intrinsic chalcone isomerase in Arabidopsis. Parallel phenotypical and metabolic analyses of the chil, tt5, chs, and f3h mutants revealed that, genetically, CHIL functions at the same step as TT5. Moreover, it is demonstrated that CHIL co-expresses, co-localizes, and interacts with TT5 in Arabidopsis for flavonoid production. Based on these genetic and metabolic studies, it is concluded that CHIL functions with TT5 to promote flavonoid production, which is a unique enhancer in the flavonoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangshun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Richard A Dixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305220 Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Analysis of the DNA-Binding Activities of the Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Family by One-Hybrid Experiments in Yeast. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141044. [PMID: 26484765 PMCID: PMC4613820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of growth and development of all living organisms is a complex and dynamic process that requires the harmonious expression of numerous genes. Gene expression is mainly controlled by the activity of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins called transcription factors (TFs). Amongst the various classes of eukaryotic TFs, the MYB superfamily is one of the largest and most diverse, and it has considerably expanded in the plant kingdom. R2R3-MYBs have been extensively studied over the last 15 years. However, DNA-binding specificity has been characterized for only a small subset of these proteins. Therefore, one of the remaining challenges is the exhaustive characterization of the DNA-binding specificity of all R2R3-MYB proteins. In this study, we have developed a library of Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB open reading frames, whose DNA-binding activities were assayed in vivo (yeast one-hybrid experiments) with a pool of selected cis-regulatory elements. Altogether 1904 interactions were assayed leading to the discovery of specific patterns of interactions between the various R2R3-MYB subgroups and their DNA target sequences and to the identification of key features that govern these interactions. The present work provides a comprehensive in vivo analysis of R2R3-MYB binding activities that should help in predicting new DNA motifs and identifying new putative target genes for each member of this very large family of TFs. In a broader perspective, the generated data will help to better understand how TF interact with their target DNA sequences.
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36
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Gene structure, phylogeny and expression profile of the sucrose synthase gene family in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). J Genet 2015; 94:461-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li Y, Liu X, Li J, Li S, Chen G, Zhou X, Yang W, Chen R. Isolation of a maize ZmCI-1B promoter and characterization of its activity in transgenic maize and tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1443-57. [PMID: 25941157 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The 2-kb ZmCI - 1B promoter is active in the root and embryo and induced by wounding in maize and the 220-bp 5'-deleted segment maybe the minimal promoter. The subtilisin-chymotrypsin inhibitor gene, CI-1B of Zea mays (ZmCI-1B), has been suggested to induce the maize defense system to resist insect attack. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ZmCI-1B gene exhibited especially high expression in roots and embryos. The 2-kb full-length promoter of ZmCI-1B gene was isolated from the maize genome and used to drive expression of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene for transient expression and stable expression analysis in maize. The results of GUS histochemical staining in transgenic maize plants revealed that the ZmCI-1B promoter induced GUS expression preferentially in roots and embryos and in response to wounding. A series of 5'-deleted segments of the ZmCI-1B promoter were cloned individually to drive GUS expression for further analysis. Deletion analysis combined with the histochemical staining of transgenic tobacco plants revealed 220-bp segment could drive GUS in a tissue-specific and wounding-induced expression in tobacco; thus, it maybe the minimally active promoter of ZmCI-1B gene. Furthermore, it revealed that the ZmCI-1B promoter contained tissue-specific and wounding-induced elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
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Yang K, Monfared SR, Wang H, Lundgren A, Brodelius PE. The activity of the artemisinic aldehyde Δ11(13) reductase promoter is important for artemisinin yield in different chemotypes of Artemisia annua L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:325-40. [PMID: 25616735 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The artemisinic aldehyde double bond reductase (DBR2) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial artemisinin in Artemisia annua. Artemisinic aldehyde is reduced into dihydroartemisinic aldehyde by DBR2. Artemisinic aldehyde can also be oxidized by amorpha-4,11-diene 12-hydroxylase and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 to artemisinic acid, a precursor of arteannuin B. In order to better understand the effects of DBR2 expression on the flow of artemisinic aldehyde into either artemisinin or arteannuin B, we determined the content of dihydroartemisinic aldehyde, artemisinin, artemisinic acid and arteannuin B content of A. annua varieties sorted into two chemotypes. The high artemisinin producers (HAPs), which includes the '2/39', 'Chongqing' and 'Anamed' varieties, produce more artemisinin than arteannuin B; the low artemisinin producers (LAPs), which include the 'Meise', 'Iran#8', 'Iran#14', 'Iran#24' and 'Iran#47' varieties, produce more arteannuin B than artemisinin. Quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression of DBR2 was significantly higher in the HAP varieties. We cloned and sequenced the promoter of the DBR2 gene from varieties of both the LAP and the HAP groups. There were deletions/insertions in the region just upstream of the ATG start codon in the LAP varities, which might be the reason for the different promoter activities of the HAP and LAP varieties. The relevance of promoter variation, DBR2 expression levels and artemisinin biosynthesis capabilities are discussed and a selection method for HAP varieties with a DNA marker is suggested. Furthermore, putative cis-acting regulatory elements differ between the HAP and LAP varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Khan ZA, Abdin MZ, Khan JA. Functional characterization of a strong bi-directional constitutive plant promoter isolated from cotton leaf curl Burewala virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121656. [PMID: 25799504 PMCID: PMC4370823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV), belonging to the genus Begomovirus, possesses single-stranded monopartite DNA genome. The bidirectional promoters representing Rep and coat protein (CP) genes of CLCuBuV were characterized and their efficacy was assayed. Rep and CP promoters of CLCuBuV and 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) were fused with β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. GUS activity in individual plant cells driven by Rep, CP and 35S promoters was estimated using real-time PCR and fluorometric GUS assay. Histochemical staining of GUS in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves showed highest expression driven by Rep promoter followed by 35S promoter and CP promoter. The expression level of GUS driven by Rep promoter in transformed tobacco plants was shown to be two to four-fold higher than that of 35S promoter, while the expression by CP promoter was slightly lower. Further, the expression of GFP was monitored in agroinfiltrated leaves of N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rep promoter showed strong consistent transient expression in tobacco and cotton leaves as compared to 35S promoter. The strong constitutive CLCuBuV Rep promoter developed in this study could be very useful for high level expression of transgenes in a wide variety of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul A. Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Z. Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jawaid A. Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
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Van Hove J, Stefanowicz K, De Schutter K, Eggermont L, Lannoo N, Al Atalah B, Van Damme EJM. Transcriptional profiling of the lectin ArathEULS3 from Arabidopsis thaliana toward abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1763-73. [PMID: 25238657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The family of EUL-related lectins groups all proteins with an Euonymus lectin (EUL) domain, a protein motif which is highly conserved throughout the plant kingdom and occurs as part of many chimeric proteins with different domain architectures. The S3 type EUL lectin from Arabidopsis thaliana (ArathEULS3) has become the model protein within this EUL family. Based on sequence homology to an ABA/NaCl inducible gene from rice and some publicly available high-throughput micro-array data, it was hypothesized that ArathEULS3 is transcriptionally regulated by osmotic stress responses. Here we present a detailed expression analysis of the ArathEULS3 lectin gene. Under normal growth conditions, ArathEULS3 is stably expressed throughout plant development. After ABA, NaCl and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments transcription is upregulated. Furthermore, in silico promoter and co-expression analyses suggested the A. thaliana Homeobox 7 (ATHB-7) as a candidate transcription factor that may regulate ArathEULS3 expression. Taken together, our data confirm that the ArathEULS3 lectin gene indeed shows a stress-inducible expression pattern. We speculate on a role for ArathEULS3 in the plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van Hove
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Stefanowicz
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K De Schutter
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Eggermont
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Lannoo
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Al Atalah
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Lab of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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41
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Barthole G, To A, Marchive C, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Berger N, Dubreucq B, Lepiniec L, Baud S. MYB118 represses endosperm maturation in seeds of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3519-37. [PMID: 25194028 PMCID: PMC4213162 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the exalbuminous species Arabidopsis thaliana, seed maturation is accompanied by the deposition of oil and storage proteins and the reduction of the endosperm to one cell layer. Here, we consider reserve partitioning between embryo and endosperm compartments. The pattern of deposition, final amount, and composition of these reserves differ between the two compartments, with the embryo representing the principal storage tissue in mature seeds. Complex regulatory mechanisms are known to prevent activation of maturation-related programs during embryo morphogenesis and, later, during vegetative growth. Here, we describe a regulator that represses the expression of maturation-related genes during maturation within the endosperm. MYB118 is transcriptionally induced in the maturing endosperm, and seeds of myb118 mutants exhibit an endosperm-specific derepression of maturation-related genes associated with a partial relocation of storage compounds from the embryo to the endosperm. Moreover, MYB118 activates endosperm-induced genes through the recognition of TAACGG elements. These results demonstrate that the differential partitioning of reserves between the embryo and endosperm in exalbuminous Arabidopsis seeds does not only result from developmental programs that establish the embryo as the preponderant tissue within seeds. This differential partitioning is also regulated by MYB118, which regulates the biosynthesis of reserves at the spatial level during maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Barthole
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Alexandra To
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Chloé Marchive
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- INRA, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Génomique Fonctionnelle d'Arabidopsis, Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR1165, INRA-Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL8196 CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91000 Evry, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- INRA, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Génomique Fonctionnelle d'Arabidopsis, Plateforme Transcriptome, UMR1165, INRA-Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL8196 CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91000 Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Bertrand Dubreucq
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Baud
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France
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42
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Moran Lauter AN, Peiffer GA, Yin T, Whitham SA, Cook D, Shoemaker RC, Graham MA. Identification of candidate genes involved in early iron deficiency chlorosis signaling in soybean (Glycine max) roots and leaves. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:702. [PMID: 25149281 PMCID: PMC4161901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an essential micronutrient for all living things, required in plants for photosynthesis, respiration and metabolism. A lack of bioavailable iron in soil leads to iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC), causing a reduction in photosynthesis and interveinal yellowing of leaves. Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in high pH soils often suffer from IDC, resulting in substantial yield losses. Iron efficient soybean cultivars maintain photosynthesis and have higher yields under IDC-promoting conditions than inefficient cultivars. RESULTS To capture signaling between roots and leaves and identify genes acting early in the iron efficient cultivar Clark, we conducted a RNA-Seq study at one and six hours after replacing iron sufficient hydroponic media (100 μM iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate) with iron deficient media (50 μM iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate). At one hour of iron stress, few genes were differentially expressed in leaves but many were already changing expression in roots. By six hours, more genes were differentially expressed in the leaves, and a massive shift was observed in the direction of gene expression in both roots and leaves. Further, there was little overlap in differentially expressed genes identified in each tissue and time point. CONCLUSIONS Genes involved in hormone signaling, regulation of DNA replication and iron uptake utilization are key aspects of the early iron-efficiency response. We observed dynamic gene expression differences between roots and leaves, suggesting the involvement of many transcription factors in eliciting rapid changes in gene expression. In roots, genes involved iron uptake and development of Casparian strips were induced one hour after iron stress. In leaves, genes involved in DNA replication and sugar signaling responded to iron deficiency. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling components identified here represent new targets for soybean improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne N Moran Lauter
- />USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, 1565 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Gregory A Peiffer
- />USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, 1565 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Tengfei Yin
- />Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Steven A Whitham
- />Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Dianne Cook
- />Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Randy C Shoemaker
- />USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, 1565 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- />Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Michelle A Graham
- />USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, 1565 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- />Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
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43
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Xu F, Ning Y, Zhang W, Liao Y, Li L, Cheng H, Cheng S. An R2R3-MYB transcription factor as a negative regulator of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Ginkgo biloba. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:177-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang H, Han J, Kanagarajan S, Lundgren A, Brodelius PE. Studies on the expression of sesquiterpene synthases using promoter-β-glucuronidase fusions in transgenic Artemisia annua L. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80643. [PMID: 24278301 PMCID: PMC3838408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the influence of sesquiterpene synthases on artemisinin yield in Artemisia annua, the expression of some sesquiterpene synthases has been studied using transgenic plants expressing promoter-GUS fusions. The cloned promoter sequences were 923, 1182 and 1510 bp for β-caryophyllene (CPS), epi-cedrol (ECS) and β-farnesene (FS) synthase, respectively. Prediction of cis-acting regulatory elements showed that the promoters are involved in complex regulation of expression. Transgenic A. annua plants carrying promoter-GUS fusions were studied to elucidate the expression pattern of the three sesquiterpene synthases and compared to the previously studied promoter of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS), a key enzyme of artemisinin biosynthesis. The CPS and ECS promoters were active in T-shaped trichomes of leaves and stems, basal bracts of flower buds and also in some florets cells but not in glandular secretory trichome while FS promoter activity was only observed in leaf cells and trichomes of transgenic shoots. ADS, CPS, ECS and FS transcripts were induced by wounding in a time depended manner. The four sesquiterpene synthases may be involved in responsiveness of A. annua to herbivory. Methyl jasmonate treatment triggered activation of the promoters of all four sesquiterpene synthases in a time depended manner. Southern blot result showed that the GUS gene was inserted into genomic DNA of transgenic lines as a single copy or two copies. The relative amounts of CPS and ECS as well as germacrene A synthase (GAS) transcripts are much lower than that of ADS transcript. Consequently, down-regulation of the expression of the CPS, ECS or GAS gene may not improve artemsinin yield. However, blocking the expression of FS may have effects on artemisinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Junli Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Anneli Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Peter E. Brodelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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45
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Payyavula RS, Singh RK, Navarre DA. Transcription factors, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes interact to regulate potato phenylpropanoid metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5115-31. [PMID: 24098049 PMCID: PMC3830490 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Much remains unknown about how transcription factors and sugars regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism in tuber crops like potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on phylogeny and protein similarity to known regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism, 15 transcription factors were selected and their expression was compared in white, yellow, red, and purple genotypes with contrasting phenolic and anthocyanin profiles. Red and purple genotypes had increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, markedly higher levels of phenylpropanoids, and elevated expression of most phenylpropanoid structural genes, including a novel anthocyanin O-methyltransferase. The transcription factors Anthocyanin1 (StAN1), basic Helix Loop Helix1 (StbHLH1), and StWD40 were more strongly expressed in red and purple potatoes. Expression of 12 other transcription factors was not associated with phenylpropanoid content, except for StMYB12B, which showed a negative relationship. Increased expression of AN1, bHLH1, and WD40 was also associated with environmentally mediated increases in tuber phenylpropanoids. Treatment of potato plantlets with sucrose induced hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, structural genes, AN1, bHLH1, WD40, and genes encoding the sucrose-hydrolysing enzymes SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV2. Transient expression of StAN1 in tobacco leaves induced bHLH1, structural genes, SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV1, and increased phenylpropanoid amounts. StAN1 infiltration into tobacco leaves decreased sucrose and glucose concentrations. In silico promoter analysis revealed the presence of MYB and bHLH regulatory elements on sucrolytic gene promoters and sucrose-responsive elements on the AN1 promoter. These findings reveal an interesting dynamic between AN1, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes in modulating potato phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja S. Payyavula
- Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- * Present address: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Duroy A. Navarre
- Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
- † To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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46
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhao D, Li R, Wang H, Zhang J, Wei J. X1-homologous genes family as central components in biotic and abiotic stresses response in maize (Zea mays L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:101-10. [PMID: 24676795 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X1-homologous genes (XHS) encode plant specific proteins containing three basic domains (XH, XS, zf-XS). In spite of their physiological importance, systematic analyses of ZmXHS genes have not yet been explored. In this study, we isolated and characterized ten ZmXHS genes in a whole-of-genome analysis of the maize genome. A total of ten members of this family were identified in maize genome. The ten ZmXHS genes were distributed on seven maize chromosomes. Multiple alignment and motif display results revealed that most ZmXHS proteins share all the three conserved domains. Putative cis-elements involved in abiotic stress responsive, phytohormone, pollen-specific and quantitative, seed development and germination, light and circadian rhythms regulation, Ca(2+)-responsive, root hair cell-specific, and CO(2)-responsive transcriptional activation were observed in the promoters of ZmXHS genes. Yeast hybrid assay revealed that the XH domain of ZmXHS5 was necessary for interaction with itself and ZmXHS2. Microarray data showed that the ZmXHS genes had tissue-specific expression patterns in the maize developmental steps and biotic stresses response. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results indicated that, except ZmXHS9, the other nine ZmXHS genes were induced in the seedling leaves by at least one of the four abiotic stresses applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Zhang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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47
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Lai Y, Li H, Yamagishi M. A review of target gene specificity of flavonoid R2R3-MYB transcription factors and a discussion of factors contributing to the target gene selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-013-1281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Philip A, Syamaladevi DP, Chakravarthi M, Gopinath K, Subramonian N. 5' Regulatory region of ubiquitin 2 gene from Porteresia coarctata makes efficient promoters for transgene expression in monocots and dicots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1199-210. [PMID: 23508257 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Porteresia ubiquitin 5' regulatory region drives transgene expression in monocots and dicots. Ubiquitin promoters are promising candidates for constitutive transgene expression in plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel 5' regulatory sequence of a ubiquitin gene from Porteresia coarctata, a stress-tolerant wild grass species. Through functional analysis in heterologous plant systems, we have demonstrated that full length (Port Ubi2.3) or truncated sequence (PD2) of the isolated regulatory fragment can drive constitutive expression of GUS in monocots and/or dicots. In silico analysis of Port Ubi2.3 has revealed the presence of a 640 bp core promoter region followed by two exons and two introns with numerous putative cis-acting sites scattered throughout the regulatory region. Transformation and expression studies of six different deletion constructs in rice, tobacco and sugarcane revealed that the proximal intron has an enhancing effect on the activity of the core promoter in both monocots and dicots, whereas, Port Ubi2.3 was able to render strong expression only in monocots. This regulatory sequence is quite distinct from the other reported ubiquitin promoters in structure and performs better in monocots compared to other commonly used promoters-maize Ubi1 and Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Philip
- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Coimbatore, 641 007, Tamilnadu, India
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49
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Pang Y, Cheng X, Huhman DV, Ma J, Peel GJ, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Saito K, Shen G, Sumner LW, Tang Y, Wen J, Yun J, Dixon RA. Medicago glucosyltransferase UGT72L1: potential roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. PLANTA 2013; 238:139-54. [PMID: 23592226 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the first reaction specific for proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) converts cyanidin to (-)-epicatechin. The glucosyltransferase UGT72L1 catalyzes formation of epicatechin 3'-O-glucoside (E3'OG), the preferred substrate for MATE transporters implicated in PA biosynthesis in both species. The mechanism of PA polymerization is still unclear, but may involve the laccase-like polyphenol oxidase TRANSPARENT TESTA 10 (TT10). We have employed a combination of cell biological, biochemical and genetic approaches to evaluate this PA pathway model. The promoter regions of UGT72L1 and MtANR share common cis-acting elements and direct overlapping, but partially distinct, expression patterns. UGT72L1 and MtANR are localized in the cytosol, whereas TT10 is localized to the vacuole. Over-expression of UGT72L1 in M. truncatula hairy roots results in increased accumulation of PA-like compounds, and loss of function of UGT72L1 partially reduces epicatechin, E3'OG and extractable PA levels in M. truncatula seeds. Expression of UGT72L1 in A. thaliana leads to a massive increase in E3'OG in immature seed, but reduced levels of extractable PAs. However, when UGT72L1 was expressed in the Arabidopsis tt10 mutant, extractable PA levels increased and seed coat browning was delayed. Our results suggest that glycosylation of epicatechin is important for both PA precursor transport and assembly, but that additional redundant pathways may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Pang
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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50
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Hickman R, Hill C, Penfold CA, Breeze E, Bowden L, Moore JD, Zhang P, Jackson A, Cooke E, Bewicke-Copley F, Mead A, Beynon J, Wild DL, Denby KJ, Ott S, Buchanan-Wollaston V. A local regulatory network around three NAC transcription factors in stress responses and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:26-39. [PMID: 23578292 PMCID: PMC3781708 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A model is presented describing the gene regulatory network surrounding three similar NAC transcription factors that have roles in Arabidopsis leaf senescence and stress responses. ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 belong to the same clade of NAC domain genes and have overlapping expression patterns. A combination of promoter DNA/protein interactions identified using yeast 1-hybrid analysis and modelling using gene expression time course data has been applied to predict the regulatory network upstream of these genes. Similarities and divergence in regulation during a variety of stress responses are predicted by different combinations of upstream transcription factors binding and also by the modelling. Mutant analysis with potential upstream genes was used to test and confirm some of the predicted interactions. Gene expression analysis in mutants of ANAC019 and ANAC055 at different times during leaf senescence has revealed a distinctly different role for each of these genes. Yeast 1-hybrid analysis is shown to be a valuable tool that can distinguish clades of binding proteins and be used to test and quantify protein binding to predicted promoter motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hickman
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Claire Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Emily Breeze
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - Laura Bowden
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
- Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peijun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - Alison Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - Emma Cooke
- Molecular Organisation and Assembly of Cells Doctoral
Training Centre, University of WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Andrew Mead
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - Jim Beynon
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - David L Wild
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Katherine J Denby
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
| | - Sascha Ott
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of
WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK, and
- For correspondence (e-mail
)
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