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Urs AP, Goda C, Kulkarni R. Remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment during acute myeloid leukemia progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 39118939 PMCID: PMC11304419 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis requires a complex interplay between the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The BMM is heterogeneous, with different regions having distinct cellular, molecular, and metabolic composition and function. Studies have shown that this niche is disrupted in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the components of vascular and endosteal niches and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate normal hematopoiesis. We also discuss how these niches are modified in the context of AML, into a disease-promoting niche and how the modified niches in turn regulate AML blast survival and proliferation. We focus on mechanisms of modifications in structural and cellular components of the bone marrow (BM) niche by the AML cells and its impact on leukemic progression and patient outcome. Finally, we also discuss mechanisms by which the altered BM niche protects AML blasts from treatment agents, thereby causing therapy resistance in AML patients. We also summarize ongoing clinical trials that target various BM niche components in the treatment of AML patients. Hence, the BM niche represents a promising target to treat AML and promote normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amog P. Urs
- The Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chinmayee Goda
- The Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- The Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Mohamad SF, El Koussa R, Ghosh J, Blosser R, Gunawan A, Layer J, Zhang C, Karnik S, Davé U, Kacena MA, Srour EF. Osteomacs promote maintenance of murine hematopoiesis through megakaryocyte-induced upregulation of Embigin and CD166. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:486-500. [PMID: 38458190 PMCID: PMC11096441 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in the niche is an orchestrated event. Osteomacs (OM) are key cellular components of the niche. Previously, we documented that osteoblasts, OM, and megakaryocytes interact to promote hematopoiesis. Here, we further characterize OM and identify megakaryocyte-induced mediators that augment the role of OM in the niche. Single-cell mRNA-seq, mass spectrometry, and CyTOF examination of megakaryocyte-stimulated OM suggested that upregulation of CD166 and Embigin on OM augment their hematopoiesis maintenance function. CD166 knockout OM or shRNA-Embigin knockdown OM confirmed that the loss of these molecules significantly reduced the ability of OM to augment the osteoblast-mediated hematopoietic-enhancing activity. Recombinant CD166 and Embigin partially substituted for OM function, characterizing both proteins as critical mediators of OM hematopoietic function. Our data identify Embigin and CD166 as OM-regulated critical components of HSC function in the niche and potential participants in various in vitro manipulations of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy El Koussa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin Layer
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Utpal Davé
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Solorzano E, Alejo AL, Ball HC, Robinson GT, Solorzano AL, Safadi R, Douglas J, Kelly M, Safadi FF. The Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Secretome Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation. Cells 2023; 12:2482. [PMID: 37887326 PMCID: PMC10605748 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex lymphatic anomalies (CLAs) are a set of rare diseases with unique osteopathic profiles. Recent efforts have identified how lymphatic-specific somatic activating mutations can induce abnormal lymphatic formations that are capable of invading bone and inducing bone resorption. The abnormal bone resorption in CLA patients has been linked to overactive osteoclasts in areas with lymphatic invasions. Despite these findings, the mechanism associated with progressive bone loss in CLAs remains to be elucidated. In order to determine the role of osteoblasts in CLAs, we sought to assess osteoblast differentiation and bone formation when exposed to the lymphatic endothelial cell secretome. When treated with lymphatic endothelial cell conditioned medium (L-CM), osteoblasts exhibited a significant decrease in proliferation, differentiation, and function. Additionally, L-CM treatment also inhibited bone formation through a neonatal calvaria explant culture. These findings are the first to reveal how osteoblasts may be actively suppressed during bone lymphatic invasion in CLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Alejo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Hope C. Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Gabrielle T. Robinson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Andrea L. Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Rama Safadi
- College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA;
| | - Jacob Douglas
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Michael Kelly
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fayez F. Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (G.T.R.); (A.L.S.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Basic and Translational Biomedicine (BTB) Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
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Simulated microgravity affects stroma-dependent ex vivo myelopoiesis. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:101987. [PMID: 36481580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity is known negatively affect physiology of living beings, including hematopoiesis. Dysregulation of hematopoietic cells and supporting stroma relationships in bone marrow niche may be in charge. We compared the efficacy of ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in presence of native or osteocommitted MSCs under simulated microgravity (Smg) using Random Positioning Machine (RPM). In comparison with 1 g, a decrease of MSC-associated HSPCs and an increase of floating HSPCs was observed after 7 days of Smg exposure. Among floating HSPCs, primitive progenitors were presented by late CD34+/133-. Total CFUs as well as erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocytic (CFU-G) numbers were lower. MSC-associated primitive HSPCs demonstrated increased proportion of late CD34+/133- in expense of early CD34-/133+. Osteo-MSCs preferentially supported late primitive CD34+ and more committed HSPCs as followed from increase of CFUs, and CD235a+ erythroid progenitors. Under Smg, an increased VEGF, eotaxin, and GRO-a levels, and a decrease in RANTES were found in the osteo-MSC-HSPC co-cultures. IL-6,-8, -13, G-CSF, GRO-a, MCP-3, MIP-1b, VEGF increased in co-culture with osteo-MSCs vs intact MSCs. Based on the findings, the misbalance between primitive/committed HSPCs and a decrease in hematopoiesis-supportive activity of osteocommitted cells are supposed to underline hematopoietic disorders during space flights.
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Mohamad SF, Gunawan A, Blosser R, Childress P, Aguilar-Perez A, Ghosh J, Hong JM, Liu J, Kanagasabapathy D, Kacena MA, Srour EF, Bruzzaniti A. Neonatal Osteomacs and Bone Marrow Macrophages Differ in Phenotypic Marker Expression and Function. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1580-1593. [PMID: 33900648 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteomacs (OM) are specialized bone-resident macrophages that are a component of the hematopoietic niche and support bone formation. Also located in the niche are a second subset of macrophages, namely bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM Mφ). We previously reported that a subpopulation of OM co-express both CD166 and CSF1R, the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), and that OM form more bone-resorbing osteoclasts than BM Mφ. Reported here are single-cell quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), mass cytometry (CyTOF), and marker-specific functional studies that further identify differences between OM and BM Mφ from neonatal C57Bl/6 mice. Although OM express higher levels of CSF1R and MCSF, they do not respond to MCSF-induced proliferation, in contrast to BM Mφ. Moreover, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), without the addition of MCSF, was sufficient to induce osteoclast formation in OM but not BM Mφ cultures. OM express higher levels of CD166 than BM Mφ, and we found that osteoclast formation by CD166-/- OM was reduced compared with wild-type (WT) OM, whereas CD166-/- BM Mφ showed enhanced osteoclast formation. CD110/c-Mpl, the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), was also higher in OM, but TPO did not alter OM-derived osteoclast formation, whereas TPO stimulated BM Mφ osteoclast formation. CyTOF analyses demonstrated OM uniquely co-express CD86 and CD206, markers of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages, respectively. OM performed equivalent phagocytosis in response to LPS or IL-4/IL-10, which induce polarization to M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively, whereas BM Mφ were less competent at phagocytosis when polarized to the M2 subtype. Moreover, in contrast to BM Mφ, LPS treatment of OM led to the upregulation of CD80, an M1 marker, as well as IL-10 and IL-6, known anti-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these data reveal that OM and BM Mφ are distinct subgroups of macrophages, whose phenotypic and functional differences in proliferation, phagocytosis, and osteoclast formation may contribute physiological specificity during health and disease. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepa Kanagasabapathy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ghosh J, El Koussa R, Mohamad SF, Liu J, Kacena MA, Srour EF. Cellular components of the hematopoietic niche and their regulation of hematopoietic stem cell function. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:243-250. [PMID: 33966008 PMCID: PMC8169581 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Development and functions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are regulated by multiple cellular components of the hematopoietic niche. Here we review the recent advances in studying the role of three such components -- osteoblasts, osteomacs, and megakaryocytes and how they interact with each other in the hematopoietic niche to regulate HSC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in transgenic mice models, scRNA-seq, transcriptome profile, proteomics, and live animal imaging have revealed the location of HSC within the bone and signaling molecules required for the maintenance of the niche. Interaction between megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and osteomacs enhances hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) function. Studies also revealed the niche as a dynamic entity that undergoes cellular and molecular changes in response to stress. Aging, which results in reduced HSC function, is associated with a decrease in endosteal niches and osteomacs as well as reduced HSC--megakaryocyte interactions. SUMMARY Novel approaches to study the cellular components of the niche and their interactions to regulate HSC development and functions provided key insights about molecules involved in the maintenance of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, these studies began to build a more comprehensive model of cellular interactions and dynamics in the hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy El Koussa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Safa F. Mohamad
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Lee HR, Yang SJ, Choi HK, Kim JA, Oh IH. The Chromatin Remodeling Complex CHD1 Regulates the Primitive State of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Control Their Stem Cell Supporting Activity. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:363-373. [PMID: 33593142 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primitive state (stemness) of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is responsible for supporting the function of tissue-specific stem cells to regenerate damaged tissues. However, molecular mechanisms regulating the stemness of MSCs remain unknown. In this study, we found that the primitive state of MSCs is hierarchically regulated by the expression levels of the chromatin remodeling complex, CHD1, with CHD1 expression levels higher in the undifferentiated state, and decreasing upon MSC differentiation. Consistently, CHD1 expression levels decrease during progressive loss of clonogenic progenitors (CFU-F) induced by passage cultures. Moreover, knockdown (KD) of CHD1 decreased CFU-F frequency, whereas CHD1 overexpression increased it. In addition, the expression of stem cell-specific genes was down- or upregulated upon KD or overexpression of CHD1, respectively, accompanied by associated changes in chromatin condensation. Importantly, altering CHD1 expression levels affected the ability of MSCs to support the self-renewing expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Furthermore, CHD1 levels were significantly decreased in MSCs from acute myeloid leukemia or aplastic anemia patients, where CFU-F and HSC-supporting activities are lost. Altogether, these findings show that chromatin remodeling by CHD1 is a molecular parameter that influences the primitive state of MSCs and their stem cell-supporting activity, which controls tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ri Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jip Yang
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Choi
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) interact with the stem cell niche bone marrow in different ways. Understanding the potentially unique microenvironmental regulation of LSCs is key to understanding in-vivo leukemogenic mechanisms and developing novel antileukemic therapies. RECENT FINDINGS When leukemic cells are engrafted in the stem cell niche, the cellular nature of the niche - including mesenchymal stromal cells - is reprogramed. Altered mesenchymal cells selectively support leukemic cells and reinforce the pro-leukemic environment. As the niche plays an active role in leukemogenesis, its remodeling may significantly influence the leukemogenic pattern, and cause differences in clinical prognosis. Notably, niche cells could be stimulated to revert to a pronormal/antileukemic state, creating potential for niche-based antileukemic therapy. SUMMARY Bone marrow microenvironments are under dynamic regulation for normal and leukemic cells, and there is bi-directional control of leukemic cells in the niche. Leukemic cells are both protected by stroma and able to reprogram stromal cells to transform the niche to a state, which reinforces leukemogenesis. Because of its dynamic nature, the niche could be converted to an environment with antileukemic properties, making it an attractive target for therapy.
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Hovey O, Pasha R, Lehmann Z, Pineault N. Insights Into the Hematopoietic Regulatory Activities of Osteoblast by Secretomics. Proteomics 2020; 20:e2000036. [PMID: 32666692 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are a key component of the endosteal hematopoietic stem cell niche and are recognized with strong hematopoietic supporting activity. Similarly, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-derived osteoblast (M-OST) conditioned media (OCM) enhance the growth of hematopoietic progenitors in culture and modulate their engraftment activity. This article aims to characterize the hematopoietic supporting activity of OCM by comparing the secretome of M-OST to that of their precursor. Over 300 proteins are quantified by mass spectroscopy in media conditioned with MSC or M-OST, with 47 being differentially expressed. Growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and proteins from the complement pathways are included. The functional contribution of selected proteins on the growth and differentiation of cord blood (CB) progenitors is tested. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine and Galectin 3 (Gal3) have little impact on the growth of CB cells in serum-free medium (SFM). In contrast, inhibition of the complement 3A receptor (C3a-R) present on CB progenitors significantly reduces the growth of CD34+ cells in OCM cultures but not in SFM. These results provide new insights into changes in factors released by MSC undergoing osteoblast differentiation, and on paracrine factors that are partially responsible for the hematopoietic supporting activity of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Hovey
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, 1800 Alta Vista Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, 1800 Alta Vista Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zoe Lehmann
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, 1800 Alta Vista Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, 1800 Alta Vista Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1G 4J5, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ryk modulates the niche activity of mesenchymal stromal cells by fine-tuning canonical Wnt signaling. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1140-1151. [PMID: 32724069 PMCID: PMC8080773 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of modulating the intensity of Wnt signaling has been highlighted in various biological models, but their mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that Ryk—an atypical Wnt receptor with a pseudokinase domain—has a Wnt-modulating effect in bone marrow stromal cells to control hematopoiesis-supporting activities. We first found that Ryk is predominantly expressed in the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the bone marrow (BM) compared with hematopoietic cells. Downregulation of Ryk in MSCs decreased their clonogenic activity and ability to support self-renewing expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) in response to canonical Wnt ligands. In contrast, under high concentrations of Wnt, Ryk exerted suppressive effects on the transactivation of target genes and HPC-supporting effects in MSCs, thus fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt in BM stromal cells. This ability of Ryk to modulate the HPC-supporting niche activity of MSCs was abrogated by induction of deletion mutants of Ryk lacking the intracellular domain or extracellular domain, indicating that the pseudokinase-containing intracellular domain mediates the Wnt-modulating effects in response to extracellular Wnt ligands. These findings indicate that the ability of the BM microenvironment to respond to extracellular signals and support hematopoiesis may be fine-tuned by Ryk via modulation of Wnt signaling intensity to coordinate hematopoietic activity. Steady production of immune and blood cells depends on a signaling protein that helps maintain stable stem cell populations within the bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which give rise to blood cells, reside within a supportive “niche” surrounded by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with extensive communication between the two populations. Researchers led by Il-Hoan Oh at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have now identified a mechanism that MSCs employ to stabilize the niche environment through fine-tuning the signaling intensity of Wnt. Oh and colleagues focused on a signaling pathway that controls the undifferentiated state of HSCs, and showed that these signals are specifically modulated by an MSC protein known as Ryk. Without Ryk, MSCs can no longer promote HSC proliferation. However, when these signals are excessively strong, Ryk helps suppress proliferation to keep HSC numbers under control.
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Alvarez MB, Xu L, Childress PJ, Maupin KA, Mohamad SF, Chitteti BR, Himes E, Olivos DJ, Cheng YH, Conway SJ, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:671-682. [PMID: 29631496 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Alvarez
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - LinLin Xu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Evan Himes
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David J Olivos
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Simon J Conway
- 3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Zhang J, Ghosh J, Mohamad SF, Zhang C, Huang X, Capitano ML, Gunawan AM, Cooper S, Guo B, Cai Q, Broxmeyer HE, Srour EF. CD166 Engagement Augments Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Function via Activation of Stemness and Cell Cycle Pathways. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1319-1330. [PMID: 31260147 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells are regulated by interacting signals and cellular and noncellular elements of the hematopoietic niche. We previously showed that CD166 is a functional marker of murine and human HSC and of cellular components of the murine niche. Selection of murine CD166+ engrafting HSC enriched for marrow repopulating cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD166-CD166 homophilic interactions enhance generation of murine and human HPC in vitro and augment hematopoietic function of these cells. Interactions between cultured CD166+ Lineage- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and CD166+ osteoblasts (OBs) significantly enhanced the expansion of colony-forming units (CFUs). Interactions between CD166+ LSK cells and immobilized CD166 protein generated more CFU in short-term cultures than between these cells and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or in cultures initiated with CD166- LSK cells. Similar results were obtained when LSK cells from wildtype (WT) or CD166 knockout (KO) (CD166-/- ) mice were used with immobilized CD166. Human cord blood CD34+ cells expressing CD166 produced significantly higher numbers of CFUs following interaction with immobilized CD166 than their CD166- counterparts. These data demonstrate the positive effects of CD166 homophilic interactions involving CD166 on the surface of murine and human HPCs. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of CD150+ CD48- (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)) LSK cells from WT and CD166-/- mice incubated with immobilized CD166 protein revealed that engagement of CD166 on these cells activates cytokine, growth factor and hormone signaling, epigenetic pathways, and other genes implicated in maintenance of stem cell pluripotency-related and mitochondria-related signaling pathways. These studies provide tangible evidence implicating CD166 engagement in the maintenance of stem/progenitor cell function. Stem Cells 2019;37:1319-1330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea M Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qingchun Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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13
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Pearson HB, Mason DE, Kegelman CD, Zhao L, Dawahare JH, Kacena MA, Boerckel JD. Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Neovascularization During Large Bone Defect Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1623-1634. [PMID: 30973074 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient blood vessel supply is a primary limiting factor for regenerative approaches to large bone defect repair. Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery induces robust bone formation and has been observed to enhance neovascularization, but whether the angiogenic effects of BMP-2 are due to direct endothelial cell stimulation or due to indirect paracrine signaling remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP-2 delivery on vascularized bone regeneration and tested whether BMP-2 induces neovascularization directly or indirectly. We found that delivery of BMP-2 (5 μg) enhanced both bone formation and neovascularization in critically sized (8 mm) rat femoral bone defects; however, BMP-2 did not directly stimulate angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast, conditioned medium from both mesenchymal progenitor cells and osteoblasts induced endothelial cell migration in vitro, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMP-2 action. Consistent with this inference, codelivery of BMP-2 with endothelial colony forming cells to a heterotopic site, distant from the skeletal stem cell-rich bone marrow niche, induced ossification but had no effect on neovascularization. Taken together, these data suggest that paracrine activation of osteoprogenitor cells is an important contributor to neovascularization during BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. Impact Statement In this study, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) robustly induces neovascularization during tissue-engineered large bone defect regeneration, and we found that BMP-2 induced angiogenesis, in part, through paracrine signaling from osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope B Pearson
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Devon E Mason
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher D Kegelman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James H Dawahare
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Balla B, Sárvári M, Kósa JP, Kocsis-Deák B, Tobiás B, Árvai K, Takács I, Podani J, Liposits Z, Lakatos P. Long-term selective estrogen receptor-beta agonist treatment modulates gene expression in bone and bone marrow of ovariectomized rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:185-194. [PMID: 30685384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal hormones including 17β-estradiol exert important protective functions in skeletal homeostasis. However, numerous details of ovarian hormone deficiency in the common bone marrow microenvironment have not yet been revealed and little information is available on the tissue-specific acts either, especially those via estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the bone-related gene expression changes after ovariectomy (OVX) and long-term ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) administration. We found that OVX produced strong and widespread changes of gene expression in both femoral bone and bone marrow. In the bone out of 22 genes, 20 genes were up- and 2 were downregulated after OVX. It is noteworthy that DPN restored mRNA expression of 10 OVX-induced changes (Aldh2, Col1a1, Daam1, Fgf12, Igf1, Il6r, Nfkb1, Notch1, Notch2 and Psen1) suggesting a modulatory role of ERβ in bone physiology. In bone marrow, out of 37 categorized genes, transcription of 25 genes were up- and 12 were downregulated indicating that the marrow is highly responsive to gonadal hormones. DPN modestly affected transcription, only expression of two genes (Nfatc1 and Tgfb1) was restored by DPN action. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was the most affected gene cluster following the interventions in bone and bone marrow, as demonstrated by canonical variates analysis (CVA). We suggested that our results contribute to a deeper understanding of alterations in gene expression of bone and bone marrow niche elicited by ERβ and selective ERβ analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Balla
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sárvári
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János P Kósa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kocsis-Deák
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tobiás
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Árvai
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Podani
- Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Jeong SY, Kim JA, Oh IH. The Adaptive Remodeling of Stem Cell Niche in Stimulated Bone Marrow Counteracts the Leukemic Niche. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1617-1629. [PMID: 30004606 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have shown the cellular nature of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in bone marrow (BM) and their degenerative changes under leukemic conditions. However, the dynamic adaptation of niche cells to changes in physiological stimulatory signals remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we have established a niche stimulation model induced by 5-fluorouracil. This model reveals a rapid and reversible conversion of mesenchymal cells into niche-like stromal cells, which exhibit a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha+ /leptin receptor+ (PL) phenotype. These cells selectively induce the niche signaling molecule, Jagged-1, but not CXCL12, to initiate a stimulation-induced regeneration of HSCs in a Jagged-1 dependent manner. Conversion of mesenchymal cells into niche-like cells occurred independently of mitotic activation. The conversion was accompanied by the acquisition of primitive mesenchymal cell characteristics, including the rapid induction of stage specific embryonic antigen-3 and the acquisition of clonogenic potential. The stimulation-induced remodeling of the BM niche resulted in a positive stimulatory effect on the regeneration of normal HSC, but exerted inhibitory effects on leukemic cells, leading to a competitive advantage for normal HSCs in the BM niche and prolonged survival of mice engrafted with leukemic cells. Thus, the reactive conversion of mesenchymal stroma into niche-like cells reveals the adaptive changes of the BM microenvironment to stimuli, and provides insight on the remodeling of niche toward pronormal/antileukemic microenvironment, which can counteract the progressive proleukemic changes driven by the leukemic niche. Our study raises the potential for antileukemic niche targeting therapy. Stem Cells 2018;36:1617-1629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Jeong
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center and Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Comparison of Hematopoietic and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niches from the Regenerative Medicine Aspect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:15-40. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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The Differentiation Balance of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Crucial to Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1540148. [PMID: 29765406 PMCID: PMC5903338 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1540148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the important component and regulator of bone marrow microenvironment, give rise to hematopoietic-supporting stromal cells and form hematopoietic niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis is poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the role of BMSC differentiation in hematopoiesis. We discussed the role of BMSCs and their progeny in hematopoiesis. We also examine the mechanisms that cause differentiation bias of BMSCs in stress conditions including aging, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Moreover, the differentiation balance of BMSCs is crucial to hematopoiesis. We highlight the negative effects of differentiation bias of BMSCs on hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. Keeping the differentiation balance of BMSCs is critical for hematopoietic recovery. This review summarises current understanding about how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis and its potential application in improving hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation.
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18
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Alsheikh M, Abu-Khader A, Michalicka M, Pasha R, Pineault N. Impact of osteoblast maturation on their paracrine growth enhancing activity on cord blood progenitors. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:542-552. [PMID: 28160325 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblasts possess strong growth modulatory activity on haematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. We sought to characterise the growth and differentiation modulatory activities of human osteoblasts at distinct stages of maturation on cord blood (CB) progenitors in the context of osteoblast conditioned medium (OCM). METHODS OCM was produced from MSC-derived osteoblasts (M-OST) at distinct stages of maturation. The growth modulatory activities of the OCM were tested on CB CD34+ cells using different functional assays. RESULTS OCMs raised the growth of CB cells and expansion of CD34+ cells independently of the maturation status of M-OST. However, productions of immature CB cells including committed and multipotent progenitors were superior with OCM produced with immature osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by the upregulation of IGFBP-2, by several members of the Angpt-L family of growth factor, and by the Notch ligands Dll-1 and Dll-4. However, the growth activity of OCM and the in vivo engraftment properties of OCM-expanded CB cells were retained after IGFBP-2 neutralisation. Similarly, OCM-mediated expansion of CB myeloid progenitors was largely independent of Notch signalling. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that immature osteoblasts possess greater regulatory activity over haematopoietic progenitors, and that this activity is not entirely dependent on Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alsheikh
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Abu-Khader
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Michalicka
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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19
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Olivos DJ, Alvarez M, Cheng YH, Hooker RA, Ciovacco WA, Bethel M, McGough H, Yim C, Chitteti BR, Eleniste PP, Horowitz MC, Srour EF, Bruzzaniti A, Fuchs RK, Kacena MA. Lnk Deficiency Leads to TPO-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Increased Bone Mass Phenotype. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2231-2240. [PMID: 28067429 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Lnk adapter protein negatively regulates the signaling of thrombopoietin (TPO), the main megakaryocyte (MK) growth factor. Lnk-deficient (-/-) mice have increased TPO signaling and increased MK number. Interestingly, several mouse models exist in which increased MK number leads to a high bone mass phenotype. Here we report the bone phenotype of these mice. MicroCT and static histomorphometric analyses at 20 weeks showed the distal femur of Lnk-/- mice to have significantly higher bone volume fraction and trabecular number compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, despite a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts (OC), and decreased bone formation rate in Lnk-/- mice compared to WT mice, Lnk-/- mice demonstrated a 2.5-fold greater BV/TV suggesting impaired OC function in vivo. Additionally, Lnk-/- mouse femurs exhibited non-significant increases in mid-shaft cross-sectional area, yet increased periosteal BFR compared to WT femurs was observed. Lnk-/- femurs also had non-significant increases in polar moment of inertia and decreased cortical bone area and thickness, resulting in reduced bone stiffness, modulus, and strength compared to WT femurs. Of note, Lnk is expressed by OC lineage cells and when Lnk-/- OC progenitors are cultured in the presence of TPO, significantly more OC are observed than in WT cultures. Lnk is also expressed in osteoblast (OB) cells and in vitro reduced alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Lnk-/- cultures. These data suggest that both direct effects on OB and OC as well as indirect effects of MK in regulating OB contributes to the observed high bone mass. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2231-2240, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Olivos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marta Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard Adam Hooker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wendy A Ciovacco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Monique Bethel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Haley McGough
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christopher Yim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robyn K Fuchs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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20
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Costa D, Principi E, Lazzarini E, Descalzi F, Cancedda R, Castagnola P, Tavella S. LCN2 overexpression in bone enhances the hematopoietic compartment via modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3077-3087. [PMID: 28004388 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the lipocalin family whose expression is modulated in several conditions, including cell differentiation, innate immunity, stress, and cancer. Although it is known that it is expressed in bone, its function in this tissue remains poorly studied. To this end, we took advantage of transgenic mice lines that expressed LCN2 driven by a bone specific type I collagen (LCN2-Tg). In the bone marrow (BM) of LCN2-Tg mice we observed an increased number of phenotypically long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) that also displayed a higher proliferation rate compared to wild-type controls (Wt). Furthermore, hematopoietic progenitor cells, obtained from LCN2-Tg BM showed an increased clonogenic capacity compared to those obtained from LCN2-Tg spleen, a higher concentration of serum erythropoietin and a higher number of mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of old LCN2-Tg animals compared to aged-matched wt. The findings of a combined increase in the BM of the LCN2-Tg mice of SDF-1, SCF, and TIMP-1 levels along with the reduction of both MMP-9 activity and cathepsin K concentration may explain the observed effects on the HSC compartment. This study shows that LCN2 overexpression in bones modifies the BM microenvironment via modulation of the expression of key secreted factors and cytokines, which in turn regulate the HSC niche behavior enhancing both HSC homing in young mice and erythrocytes production in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Costa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Principi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Descalzi
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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21
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Runx Family Genes in Tissue Stem Cell Dynamics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:117-138. [PMID: 28299655 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Runx family genes play important roles in development and cancer, largely via their regulation of tissue stem cell behavior. Their involvement in two organs, blood and skin, is well documented. This review summarizes currently known Runx functions in the stem cells of these tissues. The fundamental core mechanism(s) mediated by Runx proteins has been sought; however, it appears that there does not exist one single common machinery that governs both tissue stem cells. Instead, Runx family genes employ multiple spatiotemporal mechanisms in regulating individual tissue stem cell populations. Such specific Runx requirements have been unveiled by a series of cell type-, developmental stage- or age-specific gene targeting studies in mice. Observations from these experiments revealed that the regulation of stem cells by Runx family genes turned out to be far more complex than previously thought. For instance, although it has been reported that Runx1 is required for the endothelial-to-hematopoietic cell transition (EHT) but not thereafter, recent studies clearly demonstrated that Runx1 is also needed during the period subsequent to EHT, namely at perinatal stage. In addition, Runx1 ablation in the embryonic skin mesenchyme eventually leads to complete loss of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the adult epithelium, suggesting that Runx1 facilitates the specification of skin epithelial stem cells in a cell extrinsic manner. Further in-depth investigation into how Runx family genes are involved in stem cell regulation is warranted.
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22
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Cordeiro-Spinetti E, Taichman RS, Balduino A. The bone marrow endosteal niche: how far from the surface? J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:6-11. [PMID: 25164953 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renewal takes place in the same microenvironment in which massive hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, commitment, and differentiation will occur. This is only made possible if the bone marrow microenvironment comprises different specific niches, composed by different stromal cells that work in harmony to regulate all the steps of the hematopoiesis cascade. Histological and functional assays indicated that HSC and multipotent progenitors preferentially colonize the endosteal and subendosteal regions, in close association with the bone surface. Conversely, committed progenitors and differentiated cells are distributed in the central and perisinusoidal regions, respectively. Over the last decade, many investigative teams sought to define which cell types regulate the HSC niche, how they are organized, and to what extent they interface with each other. System dynamics requires different stromal cells to operate distinct functions over similar HSC pools rather than a single stromal cell type controlling everything. Therefore, our focus herein is to depict the players in the endosteal and subendosteal regions, named the endosteal niche, a necessary step to better understand the interactions of the HSC within the niche and to identify potential targets to manipulate and/or modulate normal and malignant HSC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cordeiro-Spinetti
- Cell Technology and Biology Lab, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, 20270-150, RJ, Brazil
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23
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Kadekar D, Kale V, Limaye L. Differential ability of MSCs isolated from placenta and cord as feeders for supporting ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood derived CD34(+) cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 26481144 PMCID: PMC4617445 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) is attempted to increase cell numbers to overcome the limitation of cell dose. Presently, suspension cultures or feeder mediated co-cultures are performed for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be efficient feeders for the maintenance of HSCs. Here, we have established MSCs-HSCs co-culture system with MSCs isolated from less invasive and ethically acceptable sources like umbilical cord tissue (C-MSCs) and placenta (P-MSCs). MSCs derived from these tissues are often compared with bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) which are considered as a gold standard. However, so far none of the studies have directly compared C-MSCs with P-MSCs as feeders for ex vivo expansion of HSCs. Thus, we for the first time performed a systematic comparison of hematopoietic supportive capability of C and P-MSCs using paired samples. METHODS UCB-derived CD34(+) cells were isolated and co-cultured on irradiated C and P-MSCs for 10 days. C-MSCs and P-MSCs were isolated from the same donor. The cultures comprised of serum-free medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml each of SCF, TPO, Flt-3 L and IL-6. After 10 days cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality. RESULTS C-MSCs and P-MSCs were found to be morphologically and phenotypically similar but exhibited differential ability to support ex vivo hematopoiesis. Cells expanded on P-MSCs showed higher percentage of primitive cells (CD34(+)CD38(-)), CFU (Colony forming unit) content and LTC-IC (Long term culture initiating cells) ability. CD34(+) cells expanded on P-MSCs also exhibited better in vitro adhesion to fibronectin and migration towards SDF-1α and enhanced NOD/SCID repopulation ability, as compared to those grown on C-MSCs. P-MSCs were found to be closer to BM-MSCs in their ability to expand HSCs. P-MSCs supported expansion of functionally superior HSCs by virtue of reduction in apoptosis of primitive HSCs, higher Wnt and Notch activity, HGF secretion and cell-cell contact. On the other hand, C-MSCs facilitated expansion of progenitors (CD34(+)CD38(+)) and differentiated (CD34(-)CD38(+)) cells by secretion of IL1-α, β, MCP-2, 3 and MIP-3α. CONCLUSIONS P-MSCs were found to be better feeders for ex vivo maintenance of primitive HSCs with higher engraftment potential than the cells expanded with C-MSCs as feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kadekar
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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24
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Choi JS, Mahadik BP, Harley BAC. Engineering the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Frontiers in biomaterial science. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1529-45. [PMID: 26356030 PMCID: PMC4724421 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the generation of the body's blood and immune cells. This process takes place primarily in the bone marrow in specialized 'niche' microenvironments, which provide signals responsible for maintaining a balance between HSC quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage specification required for life-long hematopoiesis. While our understanding of these signaling mechanisms continues to improve, our ability to engineer them in vitro for the expansion of clinically relevant HSC populations is still lacking. In this review, we focus on development of biomaterials-based culture platforms for in vitro study of interactions between HSCs and their local microenvironment. The tools and techniques used for both examining HSC-niche interactions as well as applying these findings towards controlled HSC expansion or directed differentiation in 2D and 3D platforms are discussed. These novel techniques hold the potential to push the existing boundaries of HSC cultures towards high-throughput, real-time, and single-cell level biomimetic approaches that enable a more nuanced understanding of HSC regulation and function. Their application in conjunction with innovative biomaterial platforms can pave the way for engineering artificial bone marrow niches for clinical applications as well as elucidating the pathology of blood-related cancers and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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25
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Uchiyama T, Kawabata H, Miura Y, Yoshioka S, Iwasa M, Yao H, Sakamoto S, Fujimoto M, Haga H, Kadowaki N, Maekawa T, Takaori-Kondo A. The role of growth differentiation factor 15 in the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1558-72. [PMID: 26276681 PMCID: PMC4618626 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Elevated serum concentrations of this cytokine have been reported in patients with various malignancies. To assess the potential roles of GDF15 in hematologic malignancies, we measured its serum levels in patients with these diseases. We found that serum GDF15 levels were elevated in almost all these patients, particularly in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow (BM) specimens revealed that GDF15 was strongly expressed by megakaryocytes, which may be sources of increased serum GDF15 in PMF patients. Therefore, we further assessed the contribution of GDF15 to the pathogenesis of PMF. Recombinant human (rh) GDF15 enhanced the growth of human BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), and it enhanced the potential of these cells to support human hematopoietic progenitor cell growth in a co-culture system. rhGDF15 enhanced the growth of human primary fibroblasts, but it did not affect their expression of profibrotic genes. rhGDF15 induced osteoblastic differentiation of BM-MSCs in vitro, and pretreatment of BM-MSCs with rGDF15 enhanced the induction of bone formation in a xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that serum levels of GDF15 in PMF are elevated, that megakaryocytes are sources of this cytokine in BM, and that GDF15 may modulate the pathogenesis of PMF by enhancing proliferation and promoting osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Uchiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshioka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Yao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Chitteti BR, Kacena MA, Voytik-Harbin SL, Srour EF. Modulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell fate in vitro by varying collagen oligomer matrix stiffness in the presence or absence of osteoblasts. J Immunol Methods 2015; 425:108-113. [PMID: 26159389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To recreate the in vivo hematopoietic cell microenvironment or niche and to study the impact of extracellular matrix (ECM) biophysical properties on hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation and function, mouse bone-marrow derived HPC (Lin-Sca1+cKit+/(LSK) were cultured within three-dimensional (3D) type I collagen oligomer matrices. To generate a more physiologic milieu, 3D cultures were established in both the presence and absence of calvariae-derived osteoblasts (OB). Collagen oligomers were polymerized at varying concentration to give rise to matrices of different fibril densities and therefore matrix stiffness (shear storage modulus, 50-800 Pa). Decreased proliferation and increased clonogenicity of LSK cells was associated with increase of matrix stiffness regardless of whether OB were present or absent from the 3D culture system. Also, regardless of whether OB were or were not added to the 3D co-culture system, LSK within 800 Pa collagen oligomer matrices maintained the highest percentage of Lin-Sca1+ cells as well as higher percentage of cells in quiescent state (G0/G1) compared to 50 Pa or 200Pa matrices. Collectively, these data illustrate that biophysical features of collagen oligomer matrices, specifically fibril density-induced modulation of matrix stiffness, provide important guidance cues in terms of LSK expansion and differentiation and therefore maintenance of progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmananda Reddy Chitteti
- Medicine/Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Edward F Srour
- Medicine/Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Pediatrics/Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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27
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Wang L, Zhang H, Rodriguez S, Cao L, Parish J, Mumaw C, Zollman A, Kamoka MM, Mu J, Chen DZ, Srour EF, Chitteti BR, HogenEsch H, Tu X, Bellido TM, Boswell HS, Manshouri T, Verstovsek S, Yoder MC, Kapur R, Cardoso AA, Carlesso N. Notch-dependent repression of miR-155 in the bone marrow niche regulates hematopoiesis in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 15:51-65. [PMID: 24996169 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA miR-155 has been implicated in regulating inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis, but its precise role in linking inflammation and cancer has remained elusive. Here, we identify a connection between miR-155 and Notch signaling in this context. Loss of Notch signaling in the bone marrow (BM) niche alters hematopoietic homeostasis and leads to lethal myeloproliferative-like disease. Mechanistically, Notch signaling represses miR-155 expression by promoting binding of RBPJ to the miR-155 promoter. Loss of Notch/RBPJ signaling upregulates miR-155 in BM endothelial cells, leading to miR-155-mediated targeting of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor κB-Ras1, NF-κB activation, and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. Deletion of miR-155 in the stroma of RBPJ(-/-) mice prevented the development of myeloproliferative-like disease and cytokine induction. Analysis of BM from patients carrying myeloproliferative neoplasia also revealed elevated expression of miR-155. Thus, the Notch/miR-155/κB-Ras1/NF-κB axis regulates the inflammatory state of the BM niche and affects the development of myeloproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sonia Rodriguez
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liyun Cao
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan Parish
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christen Mumaw
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amy Zollman
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Malgorzata M Kamoka
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jian Mu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Danny Z Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brahmananda R Chitteti
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresita M Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - H Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taghi Manshouri
- Leukemia Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Leukemia Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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28
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Kim JA, Shim JS, Lee GY, Yim HW, Kim TM, Kim M, Leem SH, Lee JW, Min CK, Oh IH. Microenvironmental remodeling as a parameter and prognostic factor of heterogeneous leukemogenesis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2222-31. [PMID: 25791383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of stem cell-like blasts in bone marrow (BM); however, their unique cellular interaction within the BM microenvironment and its functional significance remain unclear. Here, we assessed the BM microenvironment of AML patients and demonstrate that the leukemia stem cells induce a change in the transcriptional programming of the normal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The modified leukemic niche alters the expressions of cross-talk molecules (i.e., CXCL12 and JAG1) in MSCs to provide a distinct cross-talk between normal and leukemia cells, selectively suppressing normal primitive hematopoietic cells while supporting leukemogenesis and chemoresistance. Of note, AML patients exhibited distinct heterogeneity in the alteration of mesenchymal stroma in BM. The distinct pattern of stromal changes in leukemic BM at initial diagnosis was associated with a heterogeneous posttreatment clinical course with respect to the maintenance of complete remission for 5 to 8 years and early or late relapse. Thus, remodeling of mesenchymal niche by leukemia cells is an intrinsic self-reinforcing process of leukemogenesis that can be a parameter for the heterogeneity in the clinical course of leukemia and hence serve as a potential prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Shim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Medical Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of KoreaSouth Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Lee
- Catholic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Catholic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Medical Lifescience, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Hooker R, Chitteti B, Egan P, Cheng YH, Himes E, Meijome T, Srour E, Fuchs R, Kacena M. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM or CD166) modulates bone phenotype and hematopoiesis. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2015; 15:83-94. [PMID: 25730656 PMCID: PMC4439374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM/CD166), is expressed on osteoblasts (OB) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) residing in the hematopoietic niche, and may have important regulatory roles in bone formation. Because HSC numbers are reduced 77% in CD166(-/-) mice, we hypothesized that changes in bone phenotype and consequently the endosteal niche may partially be responsible for this alteration. Therefore, we investigated bone phenotype and OB function in CD166(-/-) mice. Although osteoclastic measures were not affected by loss of CD166, CD166(-/-) mice exhibited a modest increase in trabecular bone fraction (42%), and increases in osteoid deposition (72%), OB number (60%), and bone formation rate (152%). Cortical bone geometry was altered in CD166(-/-) mice resulting in up to 81% and 49% increases in stiffness and ultimate force, respectively. CD166(-/-) OB displayed elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization, and increased mRNA expression of Fra 1, ALP, and osteocalcin. Overall, CD166(-/-) mice displayed modestly elevated trabecular bone volume fraction with increased OB numbers and deposition of osteoid, and increased OB differentiation in vitro, possibly suggesting more mature OB are secreting more osteoid. This may explain the decline in HSC number in vivo because immature OB are mainly responsible for hematopoiesis enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Hooker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - B.R. Chitteti
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - P.H. Egan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Y-H. Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - E.R. Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - T. Meijome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - E.F. Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - R.K. Fuchs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, United States,Robyn K. Fuchs, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, 1140 West Michigan St, Coleman Hall 326, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States E-mail:
| | - M.A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,Corresponding authors: Melissa Kacena, Ph.D., August M. Watanabe Translational Scholar, Showalter Scholar, Associate Professor, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States E-mail:
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30
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Hoffman CM, Calvi LM. Minireview: complexity of hematopoietic stem cell regulation in the bone marrow microenvironment. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1592-601. [PMID: 25083740 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrates is sustained over the duration of an organism's lifetime due to strict regulation of the highly hierarchical hematopoietic system, where a few immature hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) continuously regenerate the entire blood supply, which is constantly being replaced. Although HSCs self-regulate through cell-autonomous processes, they also receive a variety of signals from their microenvironment or niche. Within the microenvironment, HSCs are regulated through both cell-cell interactions and secreted signals, including hormones. HSCs at the apex of the blood supply integrate these signals to produce progeny to support hematopoiesis while simultaneously maintaining a stem cell pool. In the past 10 years, advances in genetic models and flow cytometry have provided the tools to test how the microenvironment regulates HSCs. This review is organized in 3 main parts and will focus on cellular components of the HSC niche that are potential targets for hormonal signals, then review critical regulatory signals in the HSC niche, and finally highlight the emerging role of hormonal and paracrine signals in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Hoffman
- Endocrine Division (C.M.H., L.M.C.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (C.M.H.), University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642
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31
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Fei C, Zhao Y, Gu S, Guo J, Zhang X, Li X, Chang C. Impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4307-16. [PMID: 24443267 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been completely understood, and insufficiency of the hematopoietic microenvironment can be an important factor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts are key components of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Here, we measured the expression of multiple osteogenic genes in 58 MSCs from MDS patients with different disease stages and subtypes by real-time PCR and compared the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from 20 MDS patients with those of MSCs from eight normal controls quantitatively and dynamically. The mRNA level of Osterix and RUNX2, two key factors involved in the early differentiation process toward osteoblasts, was significantly reduced in undifferentiated MSCs from lower-risk MDS. After osteogenic induction, lower-risk MDS showed lower alkaline phosphatase activity, less intense alizarin red S staining, and lower gene expression of osteogenic differentiation markers; however, higher-risk MDS was normal. Finally, in bone marrow biopsy, the number of osteoblasts was significantly decreased in lower-risk MDS. These results indicate that MSCs from lower-risk MDS have impaired osteogenic differentiation functions, suggesting their insufficient stromal support in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yi Shan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
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32
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Smith JNP, Calvi LM. Concise review: Current concepts in bone marrow microenvironmental regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1044-50. [PMID: 23509002 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior is governed in large part by interactions of the blood system with the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence demonstrates the profound role the local HSC microenvironment or niche plays in normal stem cell function, in therapeutic activation and in the setting of malignancy. A number of cellular and molecular components of the microenvironment have been identified thus far, several of which are likely to provide exciting therapeutic targets in the near future. Clinically effective strategies for niche manipulation, however, require careful study of the interaction of these niche components. Some of the key findings defining these regulatory interactions are explored in this concise review, with special emphasis on potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N P Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Abstract
We previously showed that immature CD166(+) osteoblasts (OB) promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Here, we demonstrate that CD166 is a functional HSC marker that identifies both murine and human long-term repopulating cells. Both murine LSKCD48(-)CD166(+)CD150(+) and LSKCD48(-)CD166(+)CD150(+)CD9(+) cells, as well as human Lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(-)CD49f(+)CD166(+) cells sustained significantly higher levels of chimerism in primary and secondary recipients than CD166(-) cells. CD166(-/-) knockout (KO) LSK cells engrafted poorly in wild-type (WT) recipients and KO bone marrow cells failed to radioprotect lethally irradiated WT recipients. CD166(-/-) hosts supported short-term, but not long-term WT HSC engraftment, confirming that loss of CD166 is detrimental to the competence of the hematopoietic niche. CD166(-/-) mice were significantly more sensitive to hematopoietic stress. Marrow-homed transplanted WT hematopoietic cells lodged closer to the recipient endosteum than CD166(-/-) cells, suggesting that HSC-OB homophilic CD166 interactions are critical for HSC engraftment. STAT3 has 3 binding sites on the CD166 promoter and STAT3 inhibition reduced CD166 expression, suggesting that both CD166 and STAT3 may be functionally coupled and involved in HSC competence. These studies illustrate the significance of CD166 in the identification and engraftment of HSC and in HSC-niche interactions, and suggest that CD166 expression can be modulated to enhance HSC function.
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34
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Battiston KG, Cheung JWC, Jain D, Santerre JP. Biomaterials in co-culture systems: towards optimizing tissue integration and cell signaling within scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4465-76. [PMID: 24602569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most natural tissues consist of multi-cellular systems made up of two or more cell types. However, some of these tissues may not regenerate themselves following tissue injury or disease without some form of intervention, such as from the use of tissue engineered constructs. Recent studies have increasingly used co-cultures in tissue engineering applications as these systems better model the natural tissues, both physically and biologically. This review aims to identify the challenges of using co-culture systems and to highlight different approaches with respect to the use of biomaterials in the use of such systems. The application of co-culture systems to stimulate a desired biological response and examples of studies within particular tissue engineering disciplines are summarized. A description of different analytical co-culture systems is also discussed and the role of biomaterials in the future of co-culture research are elaborated on. Understanding the complex cell-cell and cell-biomaterial interactions involved in co-culture systems will ultimately lead the field towards biomaterial concepts and designs with specific biochemical, electrical, and mechanical characteristics that are tailored towards the needs of distinct co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Battiston
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Jane W C Cheung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Devika Jain
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 461, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Room 464D, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6.
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35
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Calvi LM, Link DC. Cellular complexity of the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:112-24. [PMID: 24101231 PMCID: PMC3936515 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton serves as the principal site for hematopoiesis in adult terrestrial vertebrates. The function of the hematopoietic system is to maintain homeostatic levels of all circulating blood cells, including myeloid cells, lymphoid cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This action requires the daily production of more than 500 billion blood cells. The vast majority of these cells are synthesized in the bone marrow, where they arise from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are multipotent and capable of extensive self-renewal. These attributes of HSCs are best demonstrated by marrow transplantation, where even a single HSC can repopulate the entire hematopoietic system. HSCs are therefore adult stem cells capable of multilineage repopulation, poised between cell fate choices which include quiescence, self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. While HSC fate choices are in part determined by multiple stochastic fluctuations of cell autonomous processes, according to the niche hypothesis, signals from the microenvironment are also likely to determine stem cell fate. While it had long been postulated that signals within the bone marrow could provide regulation of hematopoietic cells, it is only in the past decade that advances in flow cytometry and genetic models have allowed for a deeper understanding of the microenvironmental regulation of HSCs. In this review, we will highlight the cellular regulatory components of the HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Calvi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA,
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Leatherman J. Stem cells supporting other stem cells. Front Genet 2013; 4:257. [PMID: 24348512 PMCID: PMC3847370 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cell therapies are increasingly prevalent for the treatment of damaged or diseased tissues, but most of the improvements observed to date are attributed to the ability of stem cells to produce paracrine factors that have a trophic effect on existing tissue cells, improving their functional capacity. It is now clear that this ability to produce trophic factors is a normal and necessary function for some stem cell populations. In vivo adult stem cells are thought to self-renew due to local signals from the microenvironment where they live, the niche. Several niches have now been identified which harbor multiple stem cell populations. In three of these niches - the Drosophila testis, the bulge of the mammalian hair follicle, and the mammalian bone marrow - one type of stem cell has been found to produce factors that contribute to the maintenance of a second stem cell population in the shared niche. In this review, I will examine the architecture of these three niches and discuss the molecular signals involved. Together, these examples establish a new paradigm for stem cell behavior, that stem cells can promote the maintenance of other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Leatherman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado Greeley, CO, USA
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37
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many surface antigens have been previously used to identify hematopoietic stem cells or cellular elements of the hematopoietic niche. However, to date, not a single surface marker has been identified as a common marker expressed on murine and human hematopoietic stem cells and on cells of the hematopoietic niche. Recently, a few laboratories, including ours, recognized the importance of CD166 as a functional marker on both stem cells and osteoblasts and have begun to characterize the role of CD166 in hematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS Expression of CD166 on hematopoietic cells and cells in the marrow microenvironment was first reported more than a decade ago. Lately, however, a more prominent role for CD166 in normal hematopoiesis and in cancer biology including metastasis began to emerge. This review will cover the significance of CD166 in identifying normal hematopoietic stem cells and cells of the hematopoietic niche and highlight how CD166-mediated homophilic interactions between both cell types may be critical for stem cell function. SUMMARY The conserved homology between murine and human CD166 and its involvement in metastasis provides an excellent bridge for translational investigations aimed at enhancing stem cell engraftment and clinical utility of stem cells and at using CD166 as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Costa D, Lazzarini E, Canciani B, Giuliani A, Spanò R, Marozzi K, Manescu A, Cancedda R, Tavella S. Altered bone development and turnover in transgenic mice over-expressing lipocalin-2 in bone. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2210-21. [PMID: 23606520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein largely expressed in many tissues, associated with different biological phenomena such as cellular differentiation, inflammation and cancer acting as a survival/apoptotic signal. We found that LCN2 was expressed during osteoblast differentiation and we generated transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing LCN2 in bone. Tg mice were smaller and presented bone microarchitectural changes in both endochondral and intramembranous bones. In particular, Tg bones displayed a thinner layer of cortical bone and a decreased trabecular number. Osteoblast bone matrix deposition was reduced and osteoblast differentiation was slowed-down. Differences were also observed in the growth plate of young transgenic mice where chondrocyte displayed a more immature phenotype and a lower proliferation rate. In bone marrow cell cultures from transgenic mice, the number of osteoclast progenitors was increased whereas in vivo it was increased the number of mature osteoclasts expressing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Finally, while osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels remained unchanged, the expression of the conventional receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and of the IL-6 was enhanced in Tg mice. In conclusion, we found that LCN2 plays a role in bone development and turnover having both a negative effect on bone formation, by affecting growth plate development and interfering with osteoblast differentiation, and a positive effect on bone resorption by enhancing osteoclast compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Costa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova & IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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39
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Engraftment Outcomes after HPC Co-Culture with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Osteoblasts. J Clin Med 2013; 2:115-35. [PMID: 26237066 PMCID: PMC4470232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm2030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an established cell-based therapy for a number of haematological diseases. To enhance this therapy, there is considerable interest in expanding HSCs in artificial niches prior to transplantation. This study compared murine HSC expansion supported through co-culture on monolayers of either undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or osteoblasts. Sorted Lineage(-) Sca-1(+) c-kit(+) (LSK) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HPC) demonstrated proliferative capacity on both stromal monolayers with the greatest expansion of LSK shown in cultures supported by osteoblast monolayers. After transplantation, both types of bulk-expanded cultures were capable of engrafting and repopulating lethally irradiated primary and secondary murine recipients. LSKs co-cultured on MSCs showed comparable, but not superior, reconstitution ability to that of freshly isolated LSKs. Surprisingly, however, osteoblast co-cultured LSKs showed significantly poorer haematopoietic reconstitution compared to LSKs co-cultured on MSCs, likely due to a delay in short-term reconstitution. We demonstrated that stromal monolayers can be used to maintain, but not expand, functional HSCs without a need for additional haematopoietic growth factors. We also demonstrated that despite apparently superior in vitro performance, co-injection of bulk cultures of osteoblasts and LSKs in vivo was detrimental to recipient survival and should be avoided in translation to clinical practice.
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40
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Yang C, Novack DV. Anti-cancer IAP antagonists promote bone metastasis: a cautionary tale. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:496-506. [PMID: 23740289 PMCID: PMC3962044 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is complex, containing bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bone-maintaining osteocytes, hematopoietic lineage cells, as well as blood vessels, nerves, and stromal cells. Release of embedded growth factors from the bone matrix via osteoclast resorption has been shown to participate in the alteration of bone microenvironment to facilitate tumor metastasis to this organ. Many types of malignancies including solid tumors and leukemias are associated with elevated levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and IAP antagonists represent an important emerging class of anti-cancer agents. IAPs exert anti-apoptotic roles by inhibiting caspases and upregulating pro-survival proteins, at least in part by activating classical NF-κB signaling. In addition, IAPs act as negative regulators in the alternative NF-κB pathway, so that IAP antagonists stimulate this pathway. The role of the classical NF-κB pathway in IAP antagonist-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied, whereas much less attention has been paid to the role of these agents in the alternative pathway. Thus far, several IAP antagonists have been tested in preclinical and early stage clinical trials, and have shown promise in sensitizing tumor cells to apoptosis without significant side effects. However, recent preclinical evidence suggests an increased risk of bone metastasis caused by IAP antagonists, along with potential for promoting osteoporosis. In this review, the connection between IAP antagonists, the alternative NF-κB pathway, osteoclasts, and bone metastasis are discussed. In light of these effects of IAP antagonists on the bone microenvironment, more attention should be paid to this and other host tissues as these drugs are developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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41
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Schepers K, Pietras EM, Reynaud D, Flach J, Binnewies M, Garg T, Wagers AJ, Hsiao EC, Passegué E. Myeloproliferative neoplasia remodels the endosteal bone marrow niche into a self-reinforcing leukemic niche. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:285-99. [PMID: 23850243 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and their osteoblastic lineage cell (OBC) derivatives are part of the bone marrow (BM) niche and contribute to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. Here, we show that myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) progressively remodels the endosteal BM niche into a self-reinforcing leukemic niche that impairs normal hematopoiesis, favors leukemic stem cell (LSC) function, and contributes to BM fibrosis. We show that leukemic myeloid cells stimulate MSCs to overproduce functionally altered OBCs, which accumulate in the BM cavity as inflammatory myelofibrotic cells. We identify roles for thrombopoietin, CCL3, and direct cell-cell interactions in driving OBC expansion, and for changes in TGF-β, Notch, and inflammatory signaling in OBC remodeling. MPN-expanded OBCs, in turn, exhibit decreased expression of many HSC retention factors and severely compromised ability to maintain normal HSCs, but effectively support LSCs. Targeting this pathological interplay could represent a novel avenue for treatment of MPN-affected patients and prevention of myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Schepers
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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42
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Bethel M, Chitteti BR, Srour EF, Kacena MA. The changing balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in aging and its impact on hematopoiesis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2013; 11:99-106. [PMID: 23423562 PMCID: PMC3643998 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-013-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts (OBs) and adipocytes (APs) share a common mesenchymal ancestor. It is now clear that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) maturation along the OB lineage comes at the expense of adipogenesis and vice versa. During aging, this balance increasingly favors the formation of APs. Hematopoiesis also slowly declines during the aging process. The role of OB lineage cells in hematopoiesis has been studied, but less is known about how APs regulate hematopoiesis. A few studies have demonstrated a negative relationship between APs and hematopoiesis; however, there is also evidence that brown adipose tissue (BAT) may promote hematopoiesis. This review will examine the current knowledge of how adipogenesis and osteogenesis change with aging and the implications of this changing environment on hematopoeisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bethel
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-278-2804 (phone), 317-278-9568 (fax),
| | - Brahmananda R. Chitteti
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Medicine. Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C356, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-274-0352 (phone), 317-274-0396 (fax),
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Robert J. and Annie S. Rohn Professor of Leukemia Research, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology. Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-274-0343 (phone), 317-274-0396 (fax),
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115H, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-2783482 (phone), 317-278-9568 (Fax),
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Chitteti BR, Cheng YH, Kacena MA, Srour EF. Hierarchical organization of osteoblasts reveals the significant role of CD166 in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and function. Bone 2013; 54:58-67. [PMID: 23369988 PMCID: PMC3611238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of osteoblasts (OB) in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in their niche is well elucidated, but the exact definition, both phenotypically and hierarchically of OB responsible for these functions is not clearly known. We previously demonstrated that OB maturational status influences HSC function whereby immature OB with high Runx2 expression promote hematopoietic expansion. Here, we show that Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 expression on OB is directly correlated with Runx2 expression and high hematopoiesis enhancing activity (HEA). Fractionation of OB with lineage markers: Sca1, osteopontin (OPN), CD166, CD44, and CD90 revealed that Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166+ cells (CD166+) and their subpopulations fractionated with CD44 and CD90 expressed high levels of Runx2 and low levels of osteocalcin (OC) demonstrating the relatively immature status of these cells. Conversely, the majority of the Lin-Sca1-OPN+CD166- cells (CD166-) expressed high OC levels suggesting that CD166- OB are more mature. In vitro hematopoietic potential of LSK cells co-cultured for 7days with fresh OB or OB pre-cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks declined precipitously with increasing culture duration concomitant with loss of CD166 expression. Importantly, LSK cells co-cultured with CD166+CD44+CD90+ OB maintained their in vivo repopulating potential through primary and secondary transplantation, suggesting that robust HEA activity is best mediated by immature CD166+ OB with high Runx2 and low OC expression. These studies begin to define the hierarchical organization of osteoblastic cells and provide a more refined definition of OB that can mediate HEA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Yoon KA, Cho HS, Shin HI, Cho JY. Differential regulation of CXCL5 by FGF2 in osteoblastic and endothelial niche cells supports hematopoietic stem cell migration. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3391-402. [PMID: 22827607 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell maintenance requires a specific microenvironment. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mainly maintained by the endosteal osteoblast (OB) niche, which provides a quiescent HSC microenvironment, and the vascular niche, which regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and mobilization of HSCs. The systemic administration of FGF2 failed to induce normal hematopoiesis in bone marrow (BM) by reducing SDF-1, an important factor for hematopoiesis. Interestingly, SDF-1 levels were decreased in the OBs, but increased in vascular endothelial C166 cells when FGF2 was administered. We hypothesized that FGF2 induces changes in HSC migration from BM; therefore, we investigated FGF2-induced factors of HSC migration by a microarray chip. We searched the genes that were decreased in primary OBs, but increased in C166 cells upon FGF2 treatment. We confirmed selected genes that function in the extracellular region and identified the CXCR2-related chemokine candidate LIX/Cxcl5. A chemotaxis assay showed that CXCL5 induced the migration of HSCs (CD34(-/low)LSK). Our data suggest that the differential regulation of the chemokine CXCL5 between OBs and endothelial cells upon FGF2 treatment is involved in HSC mobilization from the OB niche or BM to peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ae Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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45
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Activated Gs signaling in osteoblastic cells alters the hematopoietic stem cell niche in mice. Blood 2012; 120:3425-35. [PMID: 22859604 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-11-395418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the BM space where hematopoietic cells interact with stromal niche cells. Despite this close association, little is known about the specific roles of osteoblastic lineage cells (OBCs) in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and how conditions affecting bone formation influence HSC function. Here we use a transgenic mouse model with the ColI(2.3) promoter driving a ligand-independent, constitutively active 5HT4 serotonin receptor (Rs1) to address how the massive increase in trabecular bone formation resulting from increased G(s) signaling in OBCs impacts HSC function and blood production. Rs1 mice display fibrous dysplasia, BM aplasia, progressive loss of HSC numbers, and impaired megakaryocyte/erythrocyte development with defective recovery after hematopoietic injury. These hematopoietic defects develop without compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis, and the loss of HSCs occurs despite a paradoxical expansion of stromal niche cells with putative HSC-supportive activity (ie, endothelial, mesenchymal, and osteoblastic cells). However, Rs1-expressing OBCs show decreased expression of key HSC-supportive factors and impaired ability to maintain HSCs. Our findings indicate that long-term activation of G(s) signaling in OBCs leads to contextual changes in the BM niche that adversely affect HSC maintenance and blood homeostasis.
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46
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Osteoblastic expansion induced by parathyroid hormone receptor signaling in murine osteocytes is not sufficient to increase hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2012; 119:2489-99. [PMID: 22262765 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-360933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is induced by treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) or activation of the PTH receptor (PTH1R) in osteoblastic cells; however, the osteoblastic subset mediating this action of PTH is unknown. Osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts embedded in mineralized bone matrix but are connected with the BM. Activation of PTH1R in osteocytes increases osteoblastic number and bone mass. To establish whether osteocyte-mediated PTH1R signaling expands HSCs, we studied mice expressing a constitutively active PTH1R in osteocytes (TG mice). Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and trabecular bone were increased in TG mice without changes in BM phenotypic HSCs or HSC function. TG mice had progressively increased trabecular bone but decreased HSC function. In severely affected TG mice, phenotypic HSCs were decreased in the BM but increased in the spleen. TG osteocytes had no increase in signals associated with microenvironmental HSC support, and the spindle-shaped osteoblastic cells that increased with PTH treatment were not present in TG bones. These findings demonstrate that activation of PTH1R signaling in osteocytes does not expand BM HSCs, which are instead decreased in TG mice. Therefore, osteocytes do not mediate the HSC expansion induced by PTH1R signaling. Further, osteoblastic expansion is not sufficient to increase HSCs.
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Sharma MB, Limaye LS, Kale VP. Mimicking the functional hematopoietic stem cell niche in vitro: recapitulation of marrow physiology by hydrogel-based three-dimensional cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells. Haematologica 2011; 97:651-60. [PMID: 22058199 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A culture system that closely recapitulates marrow physiology is essential to study the niche-mediated regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate at a molecular level. We investigated the key features that play a crucial role in the formation of a functional niche in vitro. DESIGN AND METHODS Hydrogel-based cultures of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were established to recapitulate the fibrous three-dimensional architecture of the marrow. Plastic-adherent mesenchymal stromal cells were used as controls. Human bone marrow-derived CD34(+) cells were co-cultured with them. The output hematopoietic cells were characterized by various stem cell-specific phenotypic and functional parameters. RESULTS The hydrogel-cultures harbored a large pool of primitive hematopoietic stem cells with superior phenotypic and functional attributes. Most importantly, like the situation in vivo, a significant fraction of these cells remained quiescent in the face of a robust multi-lineage hematopoiesis. The retention of a high percentage of primitive stem cells by the hydrogel-cultures was attributed to the presence of CXCR4-SDF1α axis and integrin beta1-mediated adhesive interactions. The hydrogel-grown mesenchymal stromal cells expressed high levels of several molecules that are known to support the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Yet another physiologically relevant property exhibited by the hydrogel cultures was the formation of hypoxia-gradient. Destruction of hypoxia-gradient by incubating these cultures in a hypoxia chamber destroyed their specialized niche properties. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that hydrogel-based cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells form a functional in vitro niche by mimicking key features of marrow physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika B Sharma
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Patel SA, Rameshwar P. Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies: Prospects for Personalized Medicine and Co-therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:229-239. [PMID: 21892378 DOI: 10.2174/187569211796957548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is a form of cell therapy that has been in practice for decades for the treatment of hematological disorders and solid tumors. Immunosuppressive therapy has been a mainstay for treatment, but the severity of the adverse effects has made it an undesirable choice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which reside in the vascular regions of the bone marrow, have been shown to serve as cellular support for the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Furthermore, the immune suppressive properties of MSCs have been explored in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Thus, co-therapy with MSCs has been shown to facilitate engraftment of hematopoietic cells by suppressive graft versus host disease (GvHD). Although the mechanism by which MSCs suppress GvHD is unclear, the experimental evidence suggests that this partly occurs by modulation of immune response such as the induction of regulatory T cells. This paper discusses the role of MSCs as co-therapy for the future of stem cell transplantation, with the overarching theme of personalized medicine for cell-based health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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49
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Song K, Wang H, Wang H, Wang L, Qiao M, Wu S, Liu T. Investigation of the effective action distance between hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and human adipose-derived stem cells during their in vitro co-culture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:776-84. [PMID: 21647687 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro suitable action distance between umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and its feeder cell, human adipose-derived stem cells, during their co-culture, was investigated through a novel transwell co-culture protocol, in which the distance between the two culture chambers where each cell type is growing can be adjusted from 10 to 450 μm. The total cell number was determined with a hemacytometer, and the cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope each day. After 7 days of co-culture, the fold-expansion, surface antigen expression of CD34(+) and CFU-GM assay of the hematopoietic mononuclear cells (MNCs) were analyzed. The results showed that there was an optimal communication distance at around 350 μm between both types of stem cells during their in vitro co-culture. By using this distance, the UCB-MNCs and CD34(+) cells were expanded by 15.1 ± 0.2 and 5.0 ± 0.1-fold, respectively. It can therefore be concluded that the optimal action distance between stem cells and their supportive cells, when cultured together for 7 days, is of around 350 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Song
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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50
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Abstract
The last several decades have revealed numerous interactions between cells of the hematopoietic lineage and osteoblasts (OBs) of the mesenchymal lineage. For example, OBs are important players in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche and OBs are known to impact osteoclast (OC) development. Thus, although much is known regarding the impact OBs have on hematopoietic cells, less is known about the impact of hematopoietic cells on OBs. Here we will review this reciprocal relationship: the effects of hematopoietic cells on OBs. Specifically, we will examine the impact of hematopoietic cells such as HSCs, lymphocytes, and megakaryocytes, as well as the hematopoietic cell-derived OCs on OB proliferation, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bethel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, R3-C312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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