1
|
Thomas NW, Hughes DS. A rod- and tessellation-based comparative analysis of polymorphic and structurally-invariant molecular crystals: application to sulfathiazole and 2-benzyl-5-benzylidenecyclopentanones. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2023; 79:3-23. [PMID: 36748894 DOI: 10.1107/s205252062201160x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rationalization of the alternative crystal structures adopted by a given molecular compound or by a set of substitutionally related molecular compounds is provided by reference to the five known polymorphs of sulfathiazole and 16 substituted 2-benzyl-5-benzylidene cyclopentanones (BBCPs), respectively. Two-dimensional (2D) packing fractions (ϕ2D) take space-group symmetry into account, with a clear demarcation of closed-packed zones (CPZ) and molecular junction zones (JZ) in all Z' = 1 structures. Representation of the molecules as two linked rods allows a concise treatment of conformation and rapid visualization of crystal packing. Combined with calculations of intermolecular potential energies, the rod method provides insight into the stabilization mechanisms of alternative polymorphs. In sulfathiazole, the primary factor is to obtain satisfactory hydrogen bonding, with close packing a secondary consideration. In BBCP derivatives, by comparison, close packing is the primary mechanism of stabilization. Whereas the 2D structures arising in CPZ can be analysed as tessellations of molecular-based cells, a method based on 2D Dirichlet cells is required for the JZ. These are calculated from the centroids of the molecular envelopes in high-symmetry planes. It is shown that these centroid coordinates, when combined with space-group symmetry and unit cell coordinates, provide a concise parameterization of all structures containing JZ. It is anticipated that this parameterization may be exploited to predict such crystal structures from powder diffraction data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel W Thomas
- Werkstofftechnik Glas & Keramik, Hochschule Koblenz, Rheinstrasse 56, 56203 Hoehr-Grenzhausen, Germany
| | - David S Hughes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Highly Thermally Resistant Bisamide Gelators as Pharmaceutical Crystallization Media. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010026. [PMID: 36661796 PMCID: PMC9858072 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three simple bisamide derivatives (G1, G2 and G3) with different structural modifications were synthesized with easy synthetic procedures in order to test their gel behaviour. The outcomes showed that hydrogen bonding was essential in gel formation; for this reason, only G1 provided satisfactory gels. The presence of methoxy groups in G2 and the alkyl chains in G3 hindered the hydrogen bonding between N-H and C=O that occurred G1. In addition, G1 provided thermally and mechanical stable gels, as confirmed with Tsol and rheology experiments. The gels of G1 were also responsive under pH stimuli and were employed as a vehicle for drug crystallization, causing a change in polymorphism in the presence of flufenamic acid and therefore providing the most thermodynamically stable form III compared with metastable form IV obtained from solution crystallization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fast Imaging-Based Single Particle Analysis Method for Solubility Determination. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Abstract
Multifunctionality is a desirable aspect in materials science. Indeed, the development of multifunctional compounds is crucial for sustainable chemistry by saving resources and time. In this sense, 2H-benzo[d]1,2,3-triazole (BTz) is an excellent candidate with promising characteristics, including its ability to self-assemble; its acceptor character, which enables the synthesis of donor-acceptor structures; and its facile modulation using standard chemical methods. Thus, due to its interesting properties, it is possible to produce different derivatives with applications in different fields, as summarized in this article, with the correct substitution at the BTz cores. Optoelectronic or biomedical applications, amongst others, are highlighted.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dawood Alalawy M, Patel UH, Padariya TJ, Chaudhary KP, Socha BN, Chavda BR, Bhatt BS, Patel NJ. Molecular structure investigation, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DNA interaction of cadmium complex of 4-amino-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide monohydrate in the presence of the secondary ligand β-picoline. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Zheng Z, Hou B, Cheng X, Liu W, Huang X, Bao Y, Wang T, Wang Z, Hao H. The mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation of lenvatinib mesylate from dimethyl sulfoxide solvate to form D. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:343-352. [PMID: 32831255 PMCID: PMC7278088 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation of lenvatinib mesylate (LM) was investigated. Two new solid forms of LM, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvate and an unsolvated form defined as form D, were discovered and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. To investigate the thermodynamic mechanism of solvent-mediated desolvation transformation (SMDT) from LM DMSO solvate to form D, solubilities of LM DMSO solvate and form D in binary solvent mixtures of DMSO and water at different water volume fractions and temperatures (293.15-323.15 K) were measured and correlated by non-random two liquids model. The solubility data were used to evaluate the thermodynamic driving force of the SMDT process from DMSO solvate to form D and the effect of the activities of water and DMSO on the transformation process. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor in situ the solid phase compositions during the SMDT process from LM DMSO solvate to form D while the solution concentration was measured by the gravimetric method. The overall desolvation transformation experiments demonstrated that the SMDT process was controlled by the nucleation and growth of form D. Moreover, effects of operating factors on the SMDT process were studied and the results illustrated that water activity in solution was the paramount parameter in the SMDT process. Finally, a new SMDT mechanism was suggested and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanying Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bora P, Saikia B, Sarma B. Oriented Crystallization on Organic Monolayers to Control Concomitant Polymorphism. Chemistry 2019; 26:699-710. [PMID: 31651064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation events and crystal growth can be guided by molecular recognition at interfaces through intermolecular interactions. The short-acting antimicrobial sulfa drug sulfathiazole is known for its concomitant crystallization, which has five known polymorphs, due to conformational flexibility and hydrogen-bond synthon variation. In its development stage of a drug the issue of concomitant crystallization needs to be addressed with respect to patent litigation, including legal actions to protect patents against infringement. A functional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of organic thiol on a gold surface has been employed as an efficient approach to control concomitant nucleation of such flexible drugs. The crystallization on a SAM surface is mostly kinetically driven and often leads to the nucleation of novel metastable forms. Spectroscopic, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies reveal that a previously unknown, sixth form of the drug nucleates on the designed SAM surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranita Bora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torres-Moya I, Saikia B, Prieto P, Carrillo JR, Steed JW. High thermal stability, pH responsive organogels of 2H-benzo[d]1,2,3-triazole derivatives as pharmaceutical crystallization media. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2H-Benzo[d]1,2,3-triazole derivatives give rise to a supergelator that results in the crystallization of kinetic form I sulfathiazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
- Department of Organic Chemistry
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - José R. Carrillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clout A, Buanz ABM, Prior TJ, Reinhard C, Wu Y, O’Hare D, Williams GR, Gaisford S. Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry-Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction: A Powerful Technique for Physical Form Characterization in Pharmaceutical Materials. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10111-10117. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Clout
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Asma B. M. Buanz
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Reinhard
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Wu
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recrystallization of phenacetin and sulfathiazole using the sonocrystallization process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Sovago I, Gutmann M, Hill JG, Senn HM, Thomas LH, Wilson CC, Farrugia LJ. Experimental Electron Density and Neutron Diffraction Studies on the Polymorphs of Sulfathiazole. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2014; 14:1227-1239. [PMID: 24672285 PMCID: PMC3963452 DOI: 10.1021/cg401757z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High resolution X-ray diffraction data on forms I-IV of sulfathiazole and neutron diffraction data on forms II-IV have been collected at 100 K and analyzed using the Atoms in Molecules topological approach. The molecular thermal motion as judged by the anisotropic displacement parameters (adp's) is very similar in all four forms. The adp of the thiazole sulfur atom had the greatest amplitude perpendicular to the five-membered ring, and analysis of the temperature dependence of the adps indicates that this is due to genuine thermal motion rather than a concealed disorder. A minor disorder (∼1-2%) is evident for forms I and II, but a statistical analysis reveals no deleterious effect on the derived multipole populations. The topological analysis reveals an intramolecular S-O···S interaction, which is consistently present in all experimental topologies. Analysis of the gas-phase conformation of the molecule indicates two low-energy theoretical conformers, one of which possesses the same intramolecular S-O···S interaction observed in the experimental studies and the other an S-O···H-N intermolecular interaction. These two interactions appear responsible for "locking" the molecular conformation. The lattice energies of the various polymorphs computed from the experimental multipole populations are highly dependent on the exact refinement model. They are similar in magnitude to theoretically derived lattice energies, but the relatively high estimated errors mean that this method is insufficiently accurate to allow a definitive stability order for the sulfathiazole polymorphs at 0 K to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Sovago
- WESTChem
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Matthias
J. Gutmann
- ISIS
Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton,
Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - J. Grant Hill
- WESTChem
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Hans Martin Senn
- WESTChem
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Lynne H. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Chick C. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Louis J. Farrugia
- WESTChem
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dempah KE, Barich DH, Kaushal AM, Zong Z, Desai SD, Suryanarayanan R, Kirsch L, Munson EJ. Investigating gabapentin polymorphism using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013. [PMID: 23180225 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR), coupled with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), was used to identify the physical forms of gabapentin in samples prepared by recrystallization, spray drying, dehydration, and milling. Four different crystalline forms of gabapentin were observed: form I, a monohydrate, form II, the most stable at ambient conditions, form III, produced by either recrystallization or milling, and an isomorphous desolvate produced from desolvating the monohydrate. As-received gabapentin (form II) was ball-milled for 45 min in both the presence and absence of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC). The samples were then stored for 2 days at 50°C under 0% relative humidity and analyzed by 13C SSNMR and PXRD. High-performance liquid chromatography was run on the samples to determine the amount of degradation product formed before and after storage. The 1HT1 values measured for the sample varied from 130 s for the as-received unstressed material without HPC to 11 s for the material that had been ball-milled in the presence of HPC. Samples with longer 1HT1 values were substantially more stable than samples that had shorter T1 values. Samples milled with HPC had detectable form III crystals as well. These results suggest that SSNMR can be used to predict gabapentin stability in formulated products.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Macfhionnghaile P, Caron V, Tajber L, Healy AM, Erxleben A, McArdle P. Formation, Physical Stability, and Quantification of Process-Induced Disorder in Cryomilled Samples of a Model Polymorphic Drug. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:93-103. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Kumar SS, Nangia A. A new conformational polymorph of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The role of S–H⋯O and C–H⋯O interactions. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40879e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Bianco S, Caron V, Tajber L, Corrigan OI, Nolan L, Hu Y, Healy AM. Modification of the solid-state nature of sulfathiazole and sulfathiazole sodium by spray drying. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:647-60. [PMID: 22549223 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state characterisation of a drug following pharmaceutical processing and upon storage is fundamental to successful dosage form development. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of using different solvents, feed concentrations and spray drier configuration on the solid-state nature of the highly polymorphic model drug, sulfathiazole (ST) and its sodium salt (STNa). The drugs were spray-dried from ethanol, acetone and mixtures of these organic solvents with water. Additionally, STNa was spray-dried from pure water. The physicochemical properties including the physical stability of the spray-dried powders were compared to the unprocessed materials. Spray drying of ST from either acetonic or ethanolic solutions with the spray drier operating in a closed cycle mode yielded crystalline powders. In contrast, the powders obtained from ethanolic solutions with the spray drier operating in an open cycle mode were amorphous. Amorphous ST crystallised to pure form I at ≤35 % relative humidity (RH) or to polymorphic mixtures at higher RH values. The usual crystal habit of form I is needle-like, but spherical particles of this polymorph were generated by spray drying. STNa solutions resulted in an amorphous material upon processing, regardless of the solvent and the spray drier configuration employed. Moisture induced crystallisation of amorphous STNa to a sesquihydrate, whilst crystallisation upon heating gave rise to a new anhydrous polymorph. This study indicated that control of processing and storage parameters can be exploited to produce drugs with a specific/desired solid-state nature.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abu Bakar MR, Nagy ZK, Rielly CD, Dann SE. Investigation of the riddle of sulfathiazole polymorphism. Int J Pharm 2011; 414:86-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Munroe A, Croker D, Rasmuson ÅC, Hodnett BK. Analysis of FII crystals of sulfathiazole: epitaxial growth of FII on FIV. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Quantitative analysis of sulfathiazole polymorphs in ternary mixtures by attenuated total reflectance infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Van Eerdenbrugh B, Vermant J, Martens JA, Froyen L, Humbeeck JV, Van den Mooter G, Augustijns P. Solubility Increases Associated with Crystalline Drug Nanoparticles: Methodologies and Significance. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1858-70. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Van Eerdenbrugh
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Ludo Froyen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, K.U. Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001, Leuven, Belgium, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium, and Metallurgy and Materials
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chakkittakandy R, Corver JA, Planken PC. Terahertz spectroscopy to identify the polymorphs in freeze-dried mannitol. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:932-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Gelbrich T, Hughes DS, Hursthouse MB, Threlfall TL. Packing similarity in polymorphs of sulfathiazole. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b807898j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Lee IS, Lee AY, Myerson AS. Concomitant Polymorphism in Confined Environment. Pharm Res 2007; 25:960-8. [PMID: 17896099 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that multiple crystal forms can be generated on patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) substrates in single experiments in a given solvent system. METHODS Functionalized metallic islands are fabricated and utilized as individual templates for crystal formation. Taking advantage of the different wetting properties that patterned surfaces offered, arrays of small solution droplets on the nano- and pico- liter scale were produced on the substrates. Different droplet dimensions were deposited on the substrate. As the solvent evaporates from the droplets, crystals were formed within the constrained volume. Crystal habits were examined with optical microscopy while the solid form was identified with Raman microscopy. RESULTS With mefenamic acid (MA) and sulfathiazole as model pharmaceutical compounds, two and four different polymorphs, respectively, were observed under identical conditions. Moreover, it is established that the polymorphic distribution is highly dependent on the solvent evaporation rate and the solution concentration. These results imply that multiple crystal forms competitively nucleate in solution, and the probability of each form nucleating is strongly dependent on the supersaturation of the solution. Additionally, solvent was observed to play a role in controlling the solid state outcome. CONCLUSIONS Multiple crystal forms can concomitantly nucleate on patterned substrates. This technique can particularly be attractive to screen for polymorphs as elusive, metastable solid forms are favored with the creation of high supersaturation and can be stabilized due to the minimal volumes generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Picker-Freyer KM, Liao X, Zhang G, Wiedmann TS. Evaluation of the compaction of sulfathiazole polymorphs. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2111-24. [PMID: 17565752 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to relate the tableting performance assessed by an instrumented tableting machine to the mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation. Three different polymorphic forms of sulfathiazole were prepared by recrystallization, and the density and X-ray powder diffraction patterns were measured and compared with theoretical density and simulated powder patterns, respectively. Tablets were prepared using a series of applied pressures, and the results were subjected to energy analysis, three dimensional (3D) modeling, and the traditional Heckel analysis. With these approaches, form I was found to be consistently the most brittle material, but the subtle differences between forms II and III were only revealed by 3D modeling. The rank order of the crushing force was found to be I is congruent to II < III. From nanoindentation, form III was found to be much harder than forms I and II, and III also had a much higher Young's modulus. The energy calculations of the nanoindentation curves showed that form III was distinct from forms I and II, which is consistent with the presence of slip planes that are only present in form III. However, in this system, there was little correspondence between the macroscopic and microscopic measurements, and thus particle-particle interactions may to be of paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maria Picker-Freyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Caputo G, Reverchon E. Use of Urea as Habit Modifier in the Supercritical Antisolvent Micronization of Sulfathiazole. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061629z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caputo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e Alimentare, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo 1, Fisciano (SA), I-84084, Italy
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e Alimentare, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo 1, Fisciano (SA), I-84084, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fioritto AF, Bhattachar SN, Wesley JA. Solubility measurement of polymorphic compounds via the pH-metric titration technique. Int J Pharm 2007; 330:105-13. [PMID: 17049191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In drug development, the thermodynamically most stable form of a compound is preferred because metastable forms are prone to transform to the stable form during processing, formulation, or storage [Guillory, J.K., 1999. Generation of polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, and amorphous solids. In: Brittain, H.G. (Ed.), Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 183-226]. It is therefore important to discover and characterize the stable form as early as possible. One of the most important properties to determine is thermodynamic solubility. However, due to compound and time constraints this solubility value is usually not determined until late in discovery. This report explores the ability of the pH-metric titration method to measure intrinsic solubility of the stable form of compounds that exist in one or more polymorphic forms. One metastable form and the stable form of eight compounds were examined. Intrinsic solubility was measured via pH-metric titration. The technique was performed on a larger scale in order to monitor polymorphic form changes by powder X-ray diffraction. Shake-flask solubility and corresponding X-ray diffraction data of each form was also determined. The results of this study indicate that, in general, when starting with a metastable polymorph, the pH-metric titration method is able to achieve the solubility of the stable form by the third titration, while the traditional shake-flask solubility method is unable to consistently determine the stable form solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Fioritto
- Research Formulations, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global R&D, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeitler JA, Newnham DA, Taday PF, Threlfall TL, Lancaster RW, Berg RW, Strachan CJ, Pepper M, Gordon KC, Rades T. Characterization of Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions in Five Polymorphic Forms of Sulfathiazole by Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:2486-98. [PMID: 16892211 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The far-infrared properties of all five known polymorphic forms of the drug sulfathiazole have been studied by terahertz pulsed spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. The observed spectra of the different polymorphs are distinctly different. Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy proves to be a rapid and complementary alternative to other physical characterization techniques reported in the literature for distinguishing between the five forms. Variable-temperature measurements (293-473 K) of all polymorphic forms have been performed. The phase transitions observed have been related to thermal analysis data. Form I is the form stable at high temperature of sulfathiazole with a melting point of about 475 K. Form II melts at around 470 K and recrystallizes at higher temperatures to form I. Forms III, IV, and V all convert to form I via a solid-solid phase transition at temperatures below 450 K. The phase transitions can be monitored by terahertz pulsed spectroscopy. Polymorphic impurities of the samples can be detected in the room temperature spectra and their effect on the phase transition behavior can be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Axel Zeitler
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee T, Hung ST, Kuo CS. Polymorph Farming of Acetaminophen and Sulfathiazole on a Chip. Pharm Res 2006; 23:2542-55. [PMID: 16969701 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to understand at a given temperature (1) the role of template films, the droplet volume of a saturated sulfathiazole aqueous solution and the solvent on polymorph screening of sulfathiazole on a silicon wafer, and (2) the effect of template films on the acetaminophen crystal face at the template-crystal interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Template Effect: Spun cast template films of non-annealed chitosan and annealed chitosan at 140 degrees C on silicon wafers were prepared. A 0.01-cm(3) saturated sulfathiazole aqueous solution droplets were deposited on both kinds of chitosan film. Sulfathiazole crystals were produced on those films by evaporation at 25 degrees C. Volume Effect: Different droplet volumes of a saturated sulfathiazole aqueous solution ranging from 0.01 to 0.14 to 2.7 cm(3) were deposited on non-annealed chitosan films. Sulfathiazole crystals were generated on those films by evaporation at 25 degrees C. Solvent Effect: 0.01 cm(3) saturated sulfathiazole methanol solution droplets were deposited on non-annealed chitosan films and sulfathiazole crystals were formed on those films by evaporation at 25 degrees C. The formation pathways of different sulfathiazole crystal polymorphs of the above mentioned effects were analyzed and verified by systematic studies. Template-crystal Interfacial Study: Millimeter-sized acetaminophen crystals were successfully grown on non-annealed chlorosulfonated poly(ethylene) (PE-Chl) and chitosan template films by cooling the saturated acetaminophen aqueous solution from 50 to 25 degrees C in which those template films were immersed. The bonding energies for specific carbons collected by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) at the acetaminophen crystal surface, together with the molecular interactions between acetaminophen and PE-Chl and between acetaminophen and chitosan in separately prepared solid dispersion film samples detected by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proved to be useful for identifying the crystal face of acetaminophen essential for its specific intermolecular interactions at the template-crystal interface. RESULTS Thermodynamically metastable sulfathiazole Form I crystals were reproducibly obtained on the non-annealed chitosan films whereas the stable sulfathiazole Form III crystals were repeatedly formed on the annealed chitosan films. Droplet volumes and solvents were also found responsible for the polymorphic outcome of sulfathiazole in the kinetically driven area of two overlapping metastable zones from two competing polymorphs of Form I and Form III. Thermodynamically stable sulfathiazole Form III crystals were formed on the non-annealed chitosan films instead when the droplet volumes of a saturated sulfathiazole aqueous solution were increased from 0.01 to 0.14 cm(3) and 2.7 cm(3). When the solvent was changed from water to methanol, the thermodynamically stable sulfathiazole Form III crystals were again observed on the non-annealed chitosan films even from the 0.01 cm(3) saturated sulfathiazole methanol solution droplets. CONCLUSIONS Template surfaces were thought to provide specific functional groups to either change the energy barrier for the nuclei formation of the thermodynamically metastable Form I or alter the droplet contact angle and the droplet surface area which was related to the droplet evaporation time. The evaporation time determines the amount of time available for the polymorphic transformation from Form I to Form III. Apparently, droplet volumes could also determine the amount of time needed to reach supersaturation and the amount of time available for a polymorphic transformation from Form I to Form III. In addition, the molecular conformation and viscosity of solvents such as methanol might alter the original nucleation kinetics in water and lead to a more rapid polymorphic transformation from Form I to Form III. Template films of PE-Chl and chitosan were found to be critical for determining the face of a millimeter-sized acetaminophen crystal at the template-crystal interface. The idea of performing polymorph screening on the template film deposited on a chip has opened up a new doorway to examine the roles of: (1) various kinds of drug carrier in the form of a template film, (2) the droplet volume of a saturated solution, and (3) the type of solvent used, in polymorphic control. Growing millimeter-sized crystals directly on the chip of template has also provided a convenient technology enabling platform for examining the crystal-template interface by solid-state characterization techniques such as ESCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd, Jhong-Li 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hooton JC, German CS, Davies MC, Roberts CJ. A comparison of morphology and surface energy characteristics of sulfathiazole polymorphs based upon single particle studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 28:315-24. [PMID: 16713199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The morphological, adhesion and surface energetic properties of three sulfathiazole polymorphs (III, IV and polymorph I prepared from both acetone and methanol, designated I-ace and I-met, respectively) produced using Nektar supercritical fluid (SCF) technology have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface roughness values for each polymorph were determined at different length scales. At sample sizes less than 1micromx1microm the polymorphs rank in terms of roughness as follows: I-met>I-ace approximately equal to IV>III. At the larger scales the polymorphs rank in terms of roughness as follows: I-met>III>I-ace approximately equal to IV. The surface energies for polymorphs determined against graphite (HOPG) and particles of the same polymorph were, respectively, I-met: 0.99mJm(-2) (S.D. 1.25mJm(-2)), 3.09mJm(-2) (S.D. 2.67mJm(-2)); I-ace: 309mJm(-2) (S.D. 329mJm(-2)), 16mJm(-2) (S.D. 11mJm(-2)); III: 1.17mJm(-2) (S.D. 1.5mJm(-2)), 5.4mJm(-2) (S.D. 3.6mJm(-2)); IV: 20.35mJm(-2) (S.D. 28.5mJm(-2)), 16.8mJm(-2) (S.D. 9.6mJm(-2)). In terms of surface energies the polymorphs hence rank I-ace>IV>III approximately equal to I-met (HOPG adhesion measurements) and IV approximately equal to I-ace>III>I-met (particle cohesion measurements). Consideration of contacting asperities and surface roughness was shown to have limited effect on the surface energies, and instead the differences were ascribed to variations in the surface chemistry as a result of changes in crystallization mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Hooton
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
This review article describes the applications of NMR to the study of polymorphs and related forms (solvates) of organic (especially pharmaceutical) compounds, for which it is of increasing academic and practical importance. The nature of the systems covered is briefly introduced, as are the techniques constituting solid-state NMR. The methodologies involved are then reviewed under a number of different headings, ranging from spectral editing through relaxation times to shielding tensors and NMR crystallography. In each case the relevant applications are described. Whilst most studies concentrate on structural matters, motional effects are not neglected. A special section discusses studies of solvates (especially hydrates), and another reviews quantitative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin K Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, UK DH1 3LE.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wong TW, Chan LW, Kho SB, Heng PWS. Aging and microwave effects on alginate/chitosan matrices. J Control Release 2005; 104:461-75. [PMID: 15911046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of microwave irradiation on the drug release properties of freshly prepared and aged alginate, alginate-chitosan and chitosan beads was investigated. The beads were prepared by extrusion method with sulphathiazole as a model drug. The dried beads were subjected to microwave irradiation at 80 W for 10 min, 20 min or three consecutive cycles of 10 and 20 min, respectively. The profiles of drug dissolution, drug content, drug stability, drug polymorphism, drug-polymer interaction, polymer crosslinkage and complexation were determined by dissolution testing, drug content assay, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The chemical stability of drug embedded in beads was unaffected by microwave conditions and length of storage time. The release property of drug was mainly governed by the extent of polymer interaction in beads. The aged alginate beads required intermittent cycles of microwave irradiation to induce drug release retarding effect in contrast to their freshly prepared samples. Unlike the alginate beads, the level of polymer interaction was higher in aged alginate-chitosan beads than the corresponding fresh beads. The drug release retarding property of aged alginate-chitosan beads could be significantly enhanced through subjecting the beads to microwave irradiation for 10 min. No further change in drug release from these beads was observed beyond 30 min of microwave irradiation. Unlike beads containing alginate, the rate and extent of drug released from the aged chitosan beads were higher upon treatment by microwave in spite of the higher degree of polymer interaction shown by the latter on prolonged storage. The observation suggested that the response of polymer matrix to microwave irradiation in induction of drug release retarding property was largely affected by the molecular arrangement of the polymer chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Wui Wong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aaltonen J, Rantanen J, Siiriä S, Karjalainen M, Jørgensen A, Laitinen N, Savolainen M, Seitavuopio P, Louhi-Kultanen M, Yliruusi J. Polymorph Screening Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac034205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Aaltonen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Simo Siiriä
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Milja Karjalainen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Anna Jørgensen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Niklas Laitinen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Marja Savolainen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Paulus Seitavuopio
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Division and Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center (DDTC) 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Chemical Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yeo SD, Kim MS, Lee JC. Recrystallization of sulfathiazole and chlorpropamide using the supercritical fluid antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8446(02)00094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Wong TW, Chan LW, Kho SB, Sia Heng PW. Design of controlled-release solid dosage forms of alginate and chitosan using microwave. J Control Release 2002; 84:99-114. [PMID: 12468214 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of microwave irradiation on the drug release properties of alginate, alginate-chitosan and chitosan beads was investigated. The beads were prepared with the highest possible concentration of polymer by an extrusion method. Sulphathiazole was selected as a model drug. The beads were subjected to microwave irradiation at various combinations of irradiation power and time. The profiles of drug dissolution, drug content, drug stability, drug polymorphism, drug-polymer interaction, polymer crosslinkage and complexation were determined by dissolution testing, drug content assay, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The chemical stability of the drug entrapped in the beads was unaffected by the microwave irradiation. However, the drug in the chitosan beads underwent polymorphic changes. Polymorphic changes were prevented by means of drug-alginate interaction in alginate and alginate-chitosan beads. Changes in the polymorphic state of drug were found to have insignificant effect on the drug release profiles of chitosan beads. The release-retarding property of alginate and alginate-chitosan beads was significantly enhanced by subjecting the beads to microwave irradiation. Positively charged calcium ions and chitosan are known to interact with negatively charged alginate. DSC and FTIR analyses indicated that the reduction in rate and extent of drug released from the treated beads was primarily due to additional formation of non-ionic bonds, involving alginate crosslinkage and alginate-chitosan complexation. The results showed that microwave technology can be employed in the design of solid dosage forms for controlled-release application without the use of noxious chemical agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Wui Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfathiazole was used to investigate polymorph control in liquid and supercritical CO2. Conventional techniques require a variety of solvents and techniques to produce different polymorphs. The present approach involves precipitation from an organic solution with liquid or supercritical CO2 using the SEDS process. METHODS Sulfathiazole was precipitated from methanol or acetone solutions. Experiments were carried out within a temperature range of 0-120 degrees C. Composition of the fluid phase was varied between x(CO2) = 0.27-0.99. Pressure was constant at 200 bar. Samples obtained were analyzed using SEM, DSC, and XRPD. RESULTS Pure polymorphs were obtained at different temperatures and flow rate ratios of CO2/solvent. With methanol Form I, III, and IV and their mixtures could be crystallized. With acetone Form I or a mixture of Form I and amorphous sulfathiazole was obtained. The fluid composition was used as a control parameter to define the process areas (T-x diagram) where the pure forms or mixtures of different forms could be obtained. CONCLUSIONS The experiments enabled the relationship between flow and temperature for each polymorph to be determined. The crystallization method developed proved to be a simple and efficient technique for reproducible and consistent isolation of sulfathiazole polymorphs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Patel AD, Luner PE, Kemper MS. Low-level determination of polymorph composition in physical mixtures by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:360-70. [PMID: 11170029 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200103)90:3<360::aid-jps11>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to quantify sulfathiazole (STZ) forms I and III in binary physical mixtures in which one form was the dominant component. Physical mixtures of the polymorph pair were made by weight, ranging from 0 to 5% STZ form I mixed with STZ form III, and near-infrared spectra of the powder samples contained in glass vials were obtained over the wavelength region of 1100 to 2500 nm. A calibration plot was constructed by plotting STZ form I weight percent against a ratio of second-derivative values of log (1/R') (where R' is the relative reflectance) versus wavelength. The coefficients of determination, R(2), were > 0.9983 and standard errors were low for these calibration models. The instrument reproducibility, method error, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the method were assessed. The LOD and LOQ were determined from the standard deviation of the response of the 0% analyte sample (0% STZ form I containing 100% STZ form III). The LOQ was subsequently validated with independently prepared samples. The results show that polymorphs can be quantified in binary physical mixtures in the 0.3% polymorph composition range. These studies indicate that NIRS is a precise and accurate quantitative tool for determination of polymorphs in the solid state, is comparable to other characterization techniques, and is more convenient to use than many other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Strohmeier M, Orendt AM, Alderman DW, Grant DM. Investigation of the polymorphs of dimethyl-3,6-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate by (13)C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1713-22. [PMID: 11456772 DOI: 10.1021/ja003599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two of the three conformational polymorphs of dimethyl-3,6-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate are studied by solid-state NMR techniques. The structural differences between the polymorphs have previously been studied by X-ray. In these two polymorphs named white and yellow due to their color, the major structural difference is the torsional angle between the ester group and the aromatic ring. The yellow form has a dihedral angle of 4 degrees between the plane of the aromatic ring and the plane of the ester group, while the white form has two different molecules per unit cell with dihedral angles of 70 degrees and 85 degrees. This change greatly affects the conjugation in the pi-electronic system. In addition, there are differences in the hydrogen-bonding patterns, with the white form having intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the yellow form having intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In this work, the carbon isotropic chemical shift values and the chlorine electric field gradient (EFG) tensor information are extracted from the (13)C MAS spectra, and the principal values of the chemical shift tensors of the carbons are obtained from 2D FIREMAT experiments. Quantum chemical calculations of the chemical shift tensor data as well as the EFG tensor are performed at the HF and DFT levels of theory on individual molecules and on stacks of three molecules to account for the important intermolecular interactions in the white form. The differences between the spectral data on the two polymorphs are discussed in terms of the known electronic and structural differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Strohmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chaimbault C, Bosc JJ, Leger JM, Negrier P, Capelle F, Jarry C. Physicochemical and crystallographic evidence for polymorphism of the racemic ethyl (2-chloromethyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-oxazolo [3, 2-a]pyrimidin-5-one)-6-carboxylate. J Pharm Sci 2000; 89:1496-504. [PMID: 11015694 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200011)89:11<1496::aid-jps12>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The various crystalline forms of an original bicyclic compound [ethyl (2-chloromethyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-oxazolo[3, 2-a]pyrimidin-5-one)-6-carboxylate); EOC] have been obtained and characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. At 4 degrees C in methanol, a monoclinic racemate (form II) crystallized from the racemic mixture, whereas at 20 degrees C, an orthorhombic racemate (form I) was isolated in trichloroethylene. By increasing the temperature, a solid-solid transition from the stable form II to the stable form I was observed with a Guinier-Simon camera. A I --> II transformation was observed at ambient temperature by DSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Minérale, Université Bordeaux II, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 - Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Luner PE, Majuru S, Seyer JJ, Kemper MS. Quantifying crystalline form composition in binary powder mixtures using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Pharm Dev Technol 2000; 5:231-46. [PMID: 10810753 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-100100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the utility of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in differentiating crystalline forms of pharmaceutical materials and determine the accuracy of this technique in quantifying crystalline forms of solids in binary mixtures. Various crystalline forms of sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, lactose, and ampicillin, independently characterized with other methods, were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The observed differences in near-infrared (NIR) spectra of crystalline form pairs were interpretable on the basis of the features of their crystalline and molecular structures and mid-infrared spectra. NIR spectra of binary physical mixtures of crystalline form pairs were obtained directly through glass vials over the wavelength range of 1100-2500 nm. The calibration lines were constructed using an inverted least-squares regression method. The ratio of the response of the second derivative of the reflectance spectra at two wavelengths was plotted versus crystal form composition. The correlation coefficients for plots of predicted versus theoretical composition were generally greater than 0.99 and standard errors were all low. Parallel studies comparing the NIRS method to a quantitative x-ray powder diffraction method using sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole confirmed the accuracy of the results. Additional NIRS studies were conducted in the 0-10% composition range with ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole. These results indicated that prediction down to the 1% level was possible. This study demonstrates that NIRS can be used as a quantitative physical characterization method, is comparable in accuracy to other techniques, and is capable of detecting low levels of one crystal form in the presence of another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Luner
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bettinetti G, Caira MR, Callegari A, Merli M, Sorrenti M, Tadini C. Structure and solid-state chemistry of anhydrous and hydrated crystal forms of the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxypyridazine 1:1 molecular complex. J Pharm Sci 2000; 89:478-89. [PMID: 10737909 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6017(200004)89:4<478::aid-jps5>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the equimolar trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPD) complex in the anhydrous form (TMP. SMPD) and that of the species with 1.5 molecules of water of crystallization (TMP.SMPD.W) are reported in this article. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (both computer generated and experimental) and thermal analytical data from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry useful for the characterization of TMP.SMPD and TMP.SMPD.W are provided. The stability of TMP.SMPD.W, which retains its crystallographic order under 0% relative humidity (RH) conditions at room temperature (22 degrees C) and 20 mmHg, is accounted for in terms of crystal structure and hydrogen bonding. Transformation of TMP.SMPD to the hydrate complex by exposure to approximately 100% RH, suspension in water, and wet granulation, and dehydration of TMP.SMPD.W by thermal treatment and by desiccation with methanol were investigated and tentatively interpreted in terms of crystal properties. Interactions in the physical mixture of TMP and SMPD by grinding, compression, heating, and contact with water were also studied. Water-mediated formation of TMP.SMPD.W by wetting and metastable eutectic melting-mediated formation of TMP.SMPD by heating was demonstrated. Mechanical activation by milling makes the physical mixture prone to solid-state transformation into dimorphic anhydrous cocrystals by supply of thermal energy during a DSC scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bettinetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Apperley DC, Fletton RA, Harris RK, Lancaster RW, Tavener S, Threlfall TL. Sulfathiazole polymorphism studied by magic-angle spinning NMR. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:1275-80. [PMID: 10585222 DOI: 10.1021/js990175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The literature on sulfathiazole polymorphs has many confusions and inconsistencies. These are largely resolved by the distinctive appearance of (13)C magic-angle spinning NMR spectra, which immediately show the number of molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The spectra presented include those of a newly-recognized form. The assignments of the spectra are established and discussed in relation to such factors as electronic structure of the aromatic ring, second-order quadrupolar effects originating from the nitrogen nuclei, and hydrogen bonding. The results are compared to literature information on the crystal structures. When the amino group acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor, there is a shielding effect on C-4 to the extent of ca. 8 ppm (which should be compared to a further shielding by ca. 10 ppm for sulfathiazole sulfate). The fact that the spectrum of form III is similar to the sum of those of forms IV and V is rationalized in relation to the crystal structures. Some surprising variability of spectra with temperature and with specific sample is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Apperley
- Industrial Research Laboratories, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lacan F, Varache-Lembège M, Vercauteren J, Léger JM, Masereel B, Dogné JM, Nuhrich A. Synthesis, structural characterization and thromboxane A2 receptor antagonistic activity of 3-substituted 2-[(arylsulfonyl)imino]-2,3-dihydrothiazolyl derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(99)80082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
45
|
Zell MT, Padden BE, Grant DJW, Chapeau MC, Prakash I, Munson EJ. Two-Dimensional High-Speed CP/MAS NMR Spectroscopy of Polymorphs. 1. Uniformly13C-Labeled Aspartame. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983180+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- H G Brittain
- Acute Therapeutics, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roberts R, Rowe R. Influence of polymorphism on the Young's modulus and yield stress of carbmazepine, sulfathiazole and sulfanilamide. Int J Pharm 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(95)04253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Caira MR, Griffith VJ, Nassimbeni LR, Oudtshoorn B. X-ray structure and thermal analysis of a 1?1 complex between sulfathiazole and?-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00711858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
|