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Morais AF, Radhakrishnan S, Arbiv G, Dom D, Duerinckx K, Chandran CV, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Noncontact In Situ Multidiagnostic NMR/Dielectric Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5071-5077. [PMID: 38513052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction of a dielectric material in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe head modifies the frequency response of the probe circuit, a phenomenon revealed by detuning of the probe. For NMR spectroscopy, this detuning is corrected for by tuning and matching the probe head prior to the NMR measurement. The magnitude of the probe detuning, "the dielectric shift", provides direct access to the dielectric properties of the sample, enabling NMR spectrometers to simultaneously perform both dielectric and NMR spectroscopy. By measuring sample dielectric permittivity as a function of frequency, dielectric permittivity spectroscopy can be performed using the new methodology. As a proof of concept, this was evaluated on methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-octanol using a commercial cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR probe head. The results accurately match the literature data collected by standard dielectric spectroscopy techniques. Subsequently, the method was also applied to investigate the solvent-surface interactions of water confined in the micropores of an MFI-type, hydrophilic zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 11.5. In the micropores, water adsorbs to Bro̷nsted acid sites and defect sites, resulting in a drastically decreased dielectric permittivity of the nanoconfined water. Theoretical background for the new methodology is provided using an effective electric circuit model of a CPMAS probe head with a solenoid coil, describing the detuning resulting from the insertion of dielectric samples in the probe head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson F Morais
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gavriel Arbiv
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Dom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Radhakrishnan S, Smet S, Chandran CV, Sree SP, Duerinckx K, Vanbutsele G, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Prediction of Cu Zeolite NH 3-SCR Activity from Variable Temperature 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:6456. [PMID: 37764230 PMCID: PMC10537069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by ammonia is one of the dominant pollution abatement technologies for near-zero NOx emission diesel engines. A crucial step in the reduction of NOx to N2 with Cu zeolite NH3-SCR catalysts is the generation of a multi-electron donating active site, implying the permanent or transient dimerization of Cu ions. Cu atom mobility has been implicated by computational chemistry as a key factor in this process. This report demonstrates how variable temperature 1H NMR reveals the Cu induced generation of sharp 1H resonances associated with a low concentration of sites on the zeolite. The onset temperature of the appearance of these signals was found to strongly correlate with the NH3-SCR activity and was observed for a range of catalysts covering multiple frameworks (CHA, AEI, AFX, ERI, ERI-CHA, ERI-OFF, *BEA), with different Si/Al ratios and different Cu contents. The results point towards universal applicability of variable temperature NMR to predict the activity of a Cu-zeolite SCR catalyst. The unique relationship of a spectroscopic feature with catalytic behavior for zeolites with different structures and chemical compositions is exceptional in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sam Smet
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C. Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gina Vanbutsele
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Radhakrishnan S, Lejaegere C, Duerinckx K, Lo WS, Morais AF, Dom D, Chandran CV, Hermans I, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Hydrogen bonding to oxygen in siloxane bonds drives liquid phase adsorption of primary alcohols in high-silica zeolites. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:3702-3711. [PMID: 37401863 PMCID: PMC10463557 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon liquid phase adsorption of C1-C5 primary alcohols on high silica MFI zeolites (Si/Al = 11.5-140), the concentration of adsorbed molecules largely exceeds the concentration of traditional adsorption sites: Brønsted acid and defect sites. Combining quantitative in situ1H MAS NMR, qualitative multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, hydrogen bonding of the alcohol function to oxygen atoms of the zeolite siloxane bridges (Si-O-Si) was shown to drive the additional adsorption. This mechanism co-exists with chemi- and physi-sorption on Brønsted acid and defect sites and does not exclude cooperative effects from dispersive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Lejaegere
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wei-Shang Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alysson F Morais
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk Dom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ive Hermans
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Ave, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001-Heverlee, Belgium
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Reversible Parahydrogen Induced Hyperpolarization of 15 N in Unmodified Amino Acids Unraveled at High Magnetic Field. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207112. [PMID: 37211713 PMCID: PMC10427394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and ammonia are metabolic markers essential for nitrogen metabolism and cell regulation in both plants and humans. NMR provides interesting opportunities to investigate these metabolic pathways, yet lacks sensitivity, especially in case of 15 N. In this study, spin order embedded in p-H2 is used to produce on-demand reversible hyperpolarization in 15 N of pristine alanine and ammonia under ambient protic conditions directly in the NMR spectrometer. This is made possible by designing a mixed-ligand Ir-catalyst, selectively ligating the amino group of AA by exploiting ammonia as a strongly competitive co-ligand and preventing deactivation of Ir by bidentate ligation of AA. The stereoisomerism of the catalyst complexes is determined by hydride fingerprinting using 1 H/D scrambling of the associated N-functional groups on the catalyst (i.e., isotopological fingerprinting), and unravelled by 2D-ZQ-NMR. Monitoring the transfer of spin order from p-H2 to 15 N nuclei of ligated and free alanine and ammonia targets using SABRE-INEPT with variable exchange delays pinpoints the monodentate elucidated catalyst complexes to be most SABRE active. Also RF-spin locking (SABRE-SLIC) enables transfer of hyperpolarization to 15 N. The presented high-field approach can be a valuable alternative to SABRE-SHEATH techniques since the obtained catalytic insights (stereochemistry and kinetics) will remain valid at ultra-low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Univ LyonCNRS, ENS LyonUCBLUniversité de LyonCRMN UMR 5280Villeurbanne69100France
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002Wissembourg Cedex67166France
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY – Centre for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)Notkestraße 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK‐katCentre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application TeamKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- NMRCoReNMR/X‐Ray Platform for Convergence ResearchKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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Brito L, Payan F, Albrieux F, Guillon E, Martens JA, Pirngruber G. Hydrocracking of a Long Chain Alkyl‐Cycloalkane: Role of Porosity and Metal‐Acid Balance. ChemCatChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- IFPEN: IFP Energies nouvelles Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation FRANCE
| | - François Payan
- IFP Energies nouvelles Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation FRANCE
| | | | | | - Johan A Martens
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
| | - Gerhard Pirngruber
- IFP Energies nouvelles Solaize Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation Rond point échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize FRANCE
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Vanderschaeghe H, Houlleberghs M, Verheyden L, Dom D, Chandran CV, Radhakrishnan S, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Absolute Quantification of Residual Solvent in Mesoporous Silica Drug Formulations Using Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 95:1880-1887. [PMID: 36579853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porous silica is used as a drug delivery agent to improve the bioavailability of sparsely soluble compounds. In this approach, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is commonly loaded into the porous silica by incipient wetness impregnation using organic solvents. Subsequent solvent elimination is critical as the residual solvent concentration cannot exceed threshold values set by health and safety regulations (e.g., EMA/CHMP/ICH/82260/2006). For dichloromethane and methanol, for example, residual concentrations must be below 600 and 3000 ppm, respectively. Today, EU and USA Pharmacopoeias recommend tedious procedures for residual solvent quantification, requiring extraction of the solvent and subsequent quantification using capillary gas chromatography with static headspace sampling (sHS-GC). This work presents a new method based on the combination of standard addition and absolute quantification using magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS qNMR). The methodology was originally developed for absolute quantification of water in zeolites and has now been validated for quantification of residual solvent in drug formations using mesoporous silica loaded with ibuprofen dissolved in DCM and MeOH as test samples. Interestingly, formulations prepared using as-received or predried mesoporous silica contained 5465 versus 484.9 ppm DCM, respectively. This implies that the initial water content of the silica carrier can impact the residual solvent concentration in drug-loaded materials. This observation could provide new options to minimize the occurrence of these undesired solvents in the final formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Vanderschaeghe
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Loes Verheyden
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk Dom
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
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Thijs B, Hanssens L, Heremans G, Wangermez W, Rongé J, Martens JA. Demonstration of a three compartment solar electrolyser with gas phase cathode producing formic acid from CO2 and water using Earth abundant metals. Front Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A three compartment solar formic acid generator was built using a Sn on Cu foam cathode and NiFe anode. A bipolar combination of a Fumasep FAD-PET-75 and Nafion 117 membrane was mounted between anode and middle compartment, which was filled with Amberlyst 15H ion exchanger beads. A Fumasep FAD-PET-75 membrane separated the middle compartment from the cathode. The generator was powered with a photovoltaic panel and fed with gaseous CO2 and water. Diluted formic acid solution was produced by flowing water through the middle compartment. Common PV-EC devices are operated using aqueous electrolyte and produce aqueous formate. In our PV-EC device, formic acid is produced straight away, avoiding the need for downstream operations to convert formate to formic acid. The electrolyser was matched with solar photovoltaic cells achieving a coupling efficiency as high as 95%. Our device produces formic acid at a faradaic efficiency of ca. 31% and solar-to-formic acid efficiency of ca. 2%. By producing formic acid from CO2 and water without any need of additional chemicals this electrolyser concept is attractive for use at remote locations with abundant solar energy. Formic acid serves as a liquid renewable fuel or chemical building block.
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Houlleberghs M, Verheyden L, Voorspoels F, Chandran CV, Duerinckx K, Radhakrishnan S, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Magneto‐Hydrodynamic
Mixing: a New Technique for Preparing Carbomer Hydrogels. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Houlleberghs
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Loes Verheyden
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | | | - C. Vinod Chandran
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- NMR‐Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- NMR‐Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- NMR‐Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- NMR‐Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis ‐ Characterization and Application Team (COK‐kat) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
- NMR‐Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe) KU Leuven Heverlee Belgium
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De Man WL, Chandran CV, Wouters AGB, Radhakrishnan S, Martens JA, Breynaert E, Delcour JA. Hydration of Wheat Flour Water-Unextractable Cell Wall Material Enables Structural Analysis of Its Arabinoxylan by High-Resolution Solid-State 13C MAS NMR Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10604-10610. [PMID: 35977412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To enable its structural characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the native structure of cereal water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WU-AX) is typically disrupted by alkali or enzymatic treatments. Here, WU-AX in the wheat flour unextractable cell wall material (UCWM) containing 40.9% ± 1.5 arabinoxylan with an arabinose-to-xylose ratio of 0.62 ± 0.04 was characterized by high-resolution solid-state NMR without disrupting its native structure. Hydration of the UCWM (1.7 mg H2O/mg UCWM) in combination with specific optimizations in the NMR methodology enabled analysis by solid-state 13C NMR with magic angle spinning and 1H high-power decoupling (13C HPDEC MAS NMR) which provided sufficiently high resolution to allow for carbon atom assignments. Spectral resonances of C-1 from arabinose and xylose residues of WU-AX were here assigned to the solid state. The proportions of un-, mono-, and di-substituted xyloses were 59.2, 19.5, and 21.2%, respectively. 13C HPDEC MAS NMR showed the presence of solid-state fractions with different mobilities in the UCWM. This study presents the first solid-state NMR spectrum of wheat WU-AX with sufficient resolution to enable assignment without prior WU-AX solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes L De Man
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry (LFCB) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
- X-ray/NMR Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Arno G B Wouters
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry (LFCB) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
- X-ray/NMR Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
- X-ray/NMR Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
- X-ray/NMR Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F─box 2461, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry (LFCB) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001Heverlee, Belgium
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10
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Vanlommel S, Hoffman AE, Smet S, Radhakrishnan S, Asselman K, Chandran CV, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CE, Martens JA, Van Speybroeck V. How Water and Ion Mobility Affect the NMR Fingerprints of the Hydrated JBW Zeolite: a Combined Computational‐Experimental Investigation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202621. [PMID: 36005885 PMCID: PMC10092413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An important aspect within zeolite synthesis is to make fully tunable framework materials with controlled aluminium distribution. A major challenge in characterising these zeolites at operating conditions is the presence of water. In this work, we investigate the effect of hydration on the 27 Al NMR parameters of the ultracrystalline K,Na-compensated aluminosilicate JBW zeolite using experimental and computational techniques. The JBW framework, with Si/Al ratio of 1, is an ideal benchmark system as a stepping stone towards more complicated zeolites. The presence and mobility of water and extraframework species directly affect NMR fingerprints. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is obtained provided dynamic methods are employed with hydrated structural models. This work shows how NMR is instrumental in characterising aluminium distributions in zeolites at operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siebe Vanlommel
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent Center for Molecular Modeling BELGIUM
| | | | - Sam Smet
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysi BELGIUM
| | - Karel Asselman
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
| | - C. Vinod Chandran
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
| | - Eric Breynaert
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
| | | | - Johan A. Martens
- KU Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis BELGIUM
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11
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Pellens N, Doppelhammer N, Radhakrishnan S, Asselman K, Chandran CV, Vandenabeele D, Jakoby B, Martens JA, Taulelle F, Reichel EK, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CEA. Nucleation of Porous Crystals from Ion-Paired Prenucleation Clusters. Chem Mater 2022; 34:7139-7149. [PMID: 36032557 PMCID: PMC9404542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Current nucleation models propose manifold options for the formation of crystalline materials. Exploring and distinguishing between different crystallization pathways on the molecular level however remain a challenge, especially for complex porous materials. These usually consist of large unit cells with an ordered framework and pore components and often nucleate in complex, multiphasic synthesis media, restricting in-depth characterization. This work shows how aluminosilicate speciation during crystallization can be documented in detail in monophasic hydrated silicate ionic liquids (HSILs). The observations reveal that zeolites can form via supramolecular organization of ion-paired prenucleation clusters, consisting of aluminosilicate anions, ion-paired to alkali cations, and imply that zeolite crystallization from HSILs can be described within the spectrum of modern nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Pellens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolaus Doppelhammer
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems JKU Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR-Xray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Asselman
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Vinod Chandran
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR-Xray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandenabeele
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Jakoby
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems JKU Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR-Xray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francis Taulelle
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR-Xray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin K. Reichel
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems JKU Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR-Xray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine E. A. Kirschhock
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Asselman K, Radhakrishnan S, Pellens N, Chandran CV, Houlleberghs M, Xu Y, Martens JA, Sree SP, Kirschhock CE, Breynaert E. HSIL-Based Synthesis of Ultracrystalline K,Na-JBW, a Zeolite Exhibiting Exceptional Framework Ordering and Flexibility. Chem Mater 2022; 34:7159-7166. [PMID: 36032550 PMCID: PMC9404536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A reproducible synthesis strategy for ultracrystalline K,Na-aluminosilicate JBW zeolite is reported. The synthesis uses a Na-based hydrated silicate ionic liquid (HSIL) as a silicon source and gibbsite as the aluminum source. 27Al and 23Na NMR spectra exhibit crystalline second-order quadrupole patterns in the hydrated as well as dehydrated states and distinct resonances for different T-sites demonstrating an exceptional degree of order of the elements of the JBW framework, observed for the first time in a zeolite. Detailed structural analysis via NMR crystallography, combining powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR of all elements (27Al, 29Si, 23Na, 39K, and 1H), reveals remarkable de- and rehydration behavior of the JBW framework, transforming from its as-made hydrated structure via a modified anhydrous state into a different rehydrated symmetry while showing astonishing flexibility for a semicondensed aluminosilicate. Its crystallinity, exceptional degree of ordering of the T atoms and sodium cations, and the fully documented structure qualify this defect-free K,Na-aluminosilicate JBW zeolite as a suitable model system for developing NMR modeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Asselman
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Pellens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Vinod Chandran
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yijue Xu
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1860 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine E.A. Kirschhock
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis − Characterisation and
Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1860 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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13
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Asselman K, Pellens N, Thijs B, Doppelhammer N, Haouas M, Taulelle F, Martens JA, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CE. Ion-Pairs in Aluminosilicate-Alkali Synthesis Liquids Determine the Aluminum Content and Topology of Crystallizing Zeolites. Chem Mater 2022; 34:7150-7158. [PMID: 36032556 PMCID: PMC9404546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using hydrated silicate ionic liquids, phase selection and framework silicon-to-aluminum ratio during inorganic zeolite synthesis were studied as a function of batch composition. Consisting of homogeneous single phasic liquids, this synthesis concept allows careful control of crystallization parameters and evaluation of yield and sample homogeneity. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed for syntheses at 90 °C for 1 week. The results reveal a cation-dependent continuous relation between batch stoichiometry and framework aluminum content, valid across the phase boundaries of all different zeolites formed in the system. The framework aluminum content directly correlates to the type of alkali cation and gradually changes with batch alkalinity and dilution. This suggests that the observed zeolites form through a solution-mediated mechanism involving the concerted assembly of soluble cation-oligomer ion pairs. Phase selection is a consequence of the stability for a particular framework at the given aluminum content and alkali type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Asselman
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Nick Pellens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Barbara Thijs
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Nikolaus Doppelhammer
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems, JKU
Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Mohamed Haouas
- Institut
Lavoisier de Versailles, Université
de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles Cedex 78035, France
| | - Francis Taulelle
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray
Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Christine E.A. Kirschhock
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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14
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Lubbe F, Maritz J, Bosserez T, Rongé J, Martens JA. A multi-perspective analysis of microclimate dynamics for air-based solar hydrogen production. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09883. [PMID: 35832343 PMCID: PMC9272359 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigating the microclimatic environment for the optimal control of water-from-air devices could be a challenge. An example of such a device is an air-based solar hydrogen production device. Such a device promises the ability for off-grid, easily deployable and modular hydrogen production for on-site consumption. Novel analysis techniques, such as wavelet transform coherence analysis, could assist in better understanding the microclimate in which air-based hydrogen production devices might function. The analysis becomes complicated when a system is evaluated at the microclimatic level, especially when it is considered that the performance of air-based solar hydrogen devices are not only dependent on solar radiation, but also on humidity levels in the air. To get a grasp of the interactions that take place within a microclimatic system, a two-tiered approach is presented. It has been shown that relative humidity and temperature is stratified close to the ground, and that the stratification undergoes an inversion twice per day. A possible link between absolute humidity and wind direction is observed and humidity rallies are identified. Using microclimate monitoring and wavelet transform coherence analysis, an attempt is made to disentangle microclimatic variables by pointing out regions of high coherence and regions of low coherence between different variables. It is furthermore suggested that the propagation direction of a humidification process within the microclimate can be determined by considering the phase angle between relative humidity timeseries at different heights above the ground, using wavelet transform coherence analysis. It has been demonstrated that wavelet transform coherence analysis, in conjunction with a comprehensive microclimate monitoring process, could support the understanding of the complex processes that occur within the microclimatic environment and therefore support the management of water-from-air systems. In this regard a management framework is also presented. Decentralized hydrogen production. Temperature and humidity at different heights above the ground. Statistical characterization of a microclimate. Microclimate analysis. Wavelet Transform Coherence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foster Lubbe
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jacques Maritz
- Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Tom Bosserez
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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15
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Hoffmann A, De Prins M, Sree SP, Vanbutsele G, Smet S, Chandran CV, Radhakrishnan S, Breynaert E, Martens JA. Selective catalytic reduction of NO x with ammonia (NH 3-SCR) over copper loaded LEV type zeolites synthesized with different templates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15428-15438. [PMID: 35708199 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LEV type zeolites were synthesized with four different structure-directing agents and converted to copper loaded NH3-SCR catalysts. The synthesis recipe was found to impact the respective Al population in the two topologically different framework sites in double and single 6-rings, resolvable by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Hydrothermal stability was found to be related to the silanol concentration, Si/Al ratio, particle size, crystal morphology, crystal defects, external surface area, and microporosity. Catalytic activity in NH3-SCR was dependent on preferential Al siting in the double 6-rings. Levinite synthesized using adamantylamine showed the strongest preference for Al atoms sitting in double 6-ring sites, and showed the highest catalytic turnover frequency. Unfortunately, because of the large crystal size, copper loading of this sample was limited to 0.6 wt% while other samples could be loaded with copper up to 3.3 wt%. An optimum combination of hydrothermal stability and catalytic activity was obtained with N,N'-bis-dimethylpentanediyldiammonium dibromide as structure-directing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoffmann
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michiel De Prins
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gina Vanbutsele
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sam Smet
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan A Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Hollevoet L, Vervloessem E, Gorbanev Y, Nikiforov A, De Geyter N, Bogaerts A, Martens JA. Energy-Efficient Small-Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma-Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO x. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102526. [PMID: 35285575 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial ammonia production without CO2 emission and with low energy consumption is one of the technological grand challenges of this age. Current Haber-Bosch ammonia mass production processes work with a thermally activated iron catalyst needing high pressure. The need for large volumes of hydrogen gas and the continuous operation mode render electrification of Haber-Bosch plants difficult to achieve. Electrochemical solutions at low pressure and temperature are faced with the problematic inertness of the nitrogen molecule on electrodes. Direct reduction of N2 to ammonia is only possible with very reactive chemicals such as lithium metal, the regeneration of which is energy intensive. Here, the attractiveness of an oxidative route for N2 activation was presented. N2 conversion to NOx in a plasma reactor followed by reduction with H2 on a heterogeneous catalyst at low pressure could be an energy-efficient option for small-scale distributed ammonia production with renewable electricity and without intrinsic CO2 footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lander Hollevoet
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE-3001, Belgium
| | - Elise Vervloessem
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, BE-9000, Belgium
| | - Yury Gorbanev
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, BE-9000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, BE-9000, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE-3001, Belgium
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17
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Vaneeckhaute E, Tyburn JM, Kempf JG, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Isotopological Fingerprinting Using 1H/D Scrambling Identifies the Stereochemistry of Hyperpolarization Catalysts Transferring Spin Polarization from Parahydrogen to Substrates Using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3516-3522. [PMID: 35420032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) relies on target molecules and parahydrogen coordinating to a transition metal catalyst. Identification of this coordinated state becomes increasingly important, especially since bio-relevant targets such as pyruvate and amino acids exhibiting multiple binding sites are becoming compatible with SABRE. In this report, we present a fingerprinting method to discriminate and identify ligand binding sites without requiring the presence of a sensitive or isotope-labeled heteroatom. Adding a small concentration of protons to a deuterated medium, spontaneous 1H/D scrambling of exchangeable protons encodes the ligands each with an isotopological fingerprint. By use of rapid 2D zero quantum NMR, the binding sites are decoded from the hydrides in less than a minute. The new methodology is explained and demonstrated on Ir mixed complexes with pyridine, benzylamine, and ammonia as common N-functional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-KAT, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin, 34 Rue de l'Industrie BP 10002, 67166 Cedex, Wissembourg, France
| | - James G Kempf
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-KAT, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-KAT, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Pulinthanathu Sree S, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA. Hierarchical COK-X Materials for Applications in Catalysis and Adsorptive Separation and Controlled Release. Front Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.810443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, COK has developed a family of silicate materials and metal–organic framework hybrids with hierarchical porosity and functionality, coined zeogrids, zeotiles, and COK-x (stemming from the Flemish name of the laboratory “Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie en Katalyse”). Several of these materials have unique features relevant to heterogeneous catalysis, molecular separation, and controlled release and found applications in the field of green chemistry, environmental protection, and pharmaceutical formulation. Discovery of a new material typically occurs by serendipity, but the research was always guided by hypothesis. This review provides insight in the process of tuning initial research hypotheses to match material properties to specific applications. This review describes the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of 12 different materials. Some have simple synthesis protocols, facilitating upscaling and reproduction and rendering them attractive also in this respect.
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19
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Houlleberghs M, Verheyden L, Voorspoels F, Chandran CV, Duerinckx K, Radhakrishnan S, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Dispersing carbomers, mixing technology matters! RSC Adv 2022; 12:7830-7834. [PMID: 35424734 PMCID: PMC8982170 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixing dry carbomer powder with water using magneto-hydrodynamic mixing yielded carbomer dispersions with higher viscosity and increased storage modulus as compared to conventional high shear mixing. 1H NMR spectroscopy demonstrated this to be induced by a different water distribution, accompanied by lower ionization and higher degradation of the polymer in case of high shear mixing. This investigation reveals 1H MAS NMR to provide suitable sensitivity and resolution to detect structural changes induced in organic polymers during their hydration. Magnetohydrodynamic mixing yields carbomer dispersions with higher viscosity and higher storage modulus as compared to high shear mixing. 1H NMR reveals molecular level differences in water distribution, polymer degradation and charge stabilization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Houlleberghs
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Loes Verheyden
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Filip Voorspoels
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Catalytic Technology KU Leuven Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium .,NMR-Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium .,NMR-Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium .,NMR-Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium .,NMR-Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Characterization and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium .,NMR-Xray platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven 3001 Heverlee Belgium
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20
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Abstract
Capturing water vapor from atmospheric air is a possible solution to local water scarcity, but it is very energy demanding. Energy consumption estimates of water-from-air technologies involving adsorption processes, thermo-responsive hydrophilicity switching polymers, air cooling processes, and reverse osmosis of deliquescent salt solutions reveal that these technologies are not competitive when compared with seawater desalination, and the use of fresh water and wastewater sources. They only become a viable option in the absence of local liquid water sources and when long-distance transport for socio-economic reasons is not an option. Of interest, direct solar-driven technology for water-from-air production is an attractive means to disentangle the local water-energy nexus. It is expected that climate change will accelerate the introduction of water-from-air technologies in local water supply schemes. The optimal water-from-air technology depends on the climate, relative humidity, and temperature profiles. A world map is presented, indicating the optimal geographic location for each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Peeters
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vanderschaeghe
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - bus 2461, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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21
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Radhakrishnan S, Lauwers K, Chandran CV, Trébosc J, Pulinthanathu Sree S, Martens JA, Taulelle F, Kirschhock CEA, Breynaert E. NMR Crystallography Reveals Carbonate Induced Al-Ordering in ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide. Chemistry 2021; 27:15944-15953. [PMID: 34624150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) serve a score of applications in catalysis, drug delivery, and environmental remediation. Smarter crystallography, combining X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy revealed how interplay between carbonate and pH determines the LDH structure and Al ordering in ZnAl LDH. Carbonate intercalated ZnAl LDHs were synthesized at different pH (pH 8.5, pH 10.0, pH 12.5) with a Zn/Al ratio of 2, without subsequent hydrothermal treatment to avoid extensive recrystallisation. In ideal configuration, all Al cations should be part of the LDH and be coordinated with 6 Zn atoms, but NMR revealed two different Al local environments were present in all samples in a ratio dependent on synthesis pH. NMR-crystallography, integrating NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, succeeded to identify them as Al residing in the highly ordered crystalline phase, next to Al in disordered material. With increasing synthesis pH, crystallinity increased, and the side phase fraction decreased. Using 1 H-13 C, 13 C-27 Al HETCOR NMR in combination with 27 Al MQMAS, 27 Al-DQ-SQ measurements and Rietveld refinement on high-resolution PXRD data, the extreme anion exchange selectivity of these LDHs for CO3 2- over HCO3 - was linked to strict Al and CO3 2- ordering in the crystalline LDH. Even upon equilibration of the LDH in pure NaHCO3 solutions, only CO3 2- was adsorbed by the LDH. This reveals the structure directing role of bivalent cations such as CO3 2- during crystallization of [M2+ 4 M3+ 2 (OH)2 ]2+ [A2- ]1 ⋅yH2 O LDH phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium.,Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Karl Lauwers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium.,Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Francis Taulelle
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Christine E A Kirschhock
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium.,Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box, 2461, 3001, Belgium
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22
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Airi A, Signorile M, Bonino F, Quagliotto P, Bordiga S, Martens JA, Crocellà V. Insights on a Hierarchical MFI Zeolite: A Combined Spectroscopic and Catalytic Approach for Exploring the Multilevel Porous System Down to the Active Sites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:49114-49127. [PMID: 34542275 PMCID: PMC8532120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchization of zeolites to overcome the major drawbacks related to molecular diffusion limitation in micropores is a popular concept in heterogeneous catalysis. Despite the constant increase of new synthesis strategies to produce such hierarchical systems, the deep knowledge of their structural arrangement and how the zeolitic lattice is organized in a multilevel porous system is often missing. This information is essential to design a structure, tuning the porosity and the distribution of easily accessible active sites, and successively controlling the catalytic properties. In the present work, the synthesis of one of the most sophisticated forms of the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite has been reproduced, obtaining two multilevel porous materials with different crystallinity degrees, with the final aim of investigating and clarifying the finest features of their active sites. For this purpose, an extended characterization step by means of a unique multitechnique approach has been performed, thus revealing the active site nature, abundance, and distribution. IR spectroscopy with different molecular probes and a targeted catalytic test based on the hydroconversion reaction of n-decane were the toolbox for disclosing how the MFI lattice takes part in the hierarchical structure and how it, working in synergy with the mesoporous system, confers to this material a totally new shape-size selectivity. Merging the information obtained for the synthesized hierarchical zeolite with the characterization results of two reference materials (a mesoporous aluminum-containing MCM-41 and a microporous commercial ZSM-5), it was possible to define an internal and external map of the pore network of this complex and unique molecular sieve, where strong Brønsted acidic sites are located at the mouth of the MFI micropores and, at the same time, exposed at the surface of the mesoporous channels. Hence, the possibility of easily releasing bulky products is ensured and the application possibilities of the MFI lattice are expanded beyond cracking reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Airi
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Signorile
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonino
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU
Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Crocellà
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G.Quarello 15/A 10135 and Via P.Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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23
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Mileo PGM, Rogge SMJ, Houlleberghs M, Breynaert E, Martens JA, Van Speybroeck V. Interfacial study of clathrates confined in reversed silica pores. J Mater Chem A Mater 2021; 9:21835-21844. [PMID: 34707871 PMCID: PMC8491980 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta03105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Storing methane in clathrates is one of the most promising alternatives for transporting natural gas (NG) as it offers similar gas densities to liquefied and compressed NG while offering lower safety risks. However, the practical use of clathrates is limited given the extremely low temperatures and high pressures necessary to form these structures. Therefore, it has been suggested to confine clathrates in nanoporous materials, as this can facilitate clathrate's formation conditions while preserving its CH4 volumetric storage. Yet, the choice of nanoporous materials to be employed as the clathrate growing platform is still rather arbitrary. Herein, we tackle this challenge in a systematic way by computationally exploring the stability of clathrates confined in alkyl-grafted silica materials with different pore sizes, ligand densities and ligand types. Based on our findings, we are able to propose key design criteria for nanoporous materials favoring the stability of a neighbouring clathrate phase, namely large pore sizes, high ligand densities, and smooth pore walls. We hope that the atomistic insight provided in this work will guide and facilitate the development of new nanomaterials designed to promote the formation of clathrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo G M Mileo
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University Technologiepark 46 B-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Sven M J Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University Technologiepark 46 B-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University Technologiepark 46 B-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
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24
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Asselman K, Pellens N, Radhakrishnan S, Chandran CV, Martens JA, Taulelle F, Verstraelen T, Hellström M, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CEA. Super-ions of sodium cations with hydrated hydroxide anions: inorganic structure-directing agents in zeolite synthesis. Mater Horiz 2021; 8:2576-2583. [PMID: 34870303 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In inorganic zeolite formation, a direct correspondence between liquid state species in the synthesis and the supramolecular decoration of the pores in the as-made final zeolite has never been reported. In this paper, a direct link between the sodium speciation in the synthesis mixture and the pore structure and content of the final zeolite is demonstrated in the example of hydroxysodalite. Super-ions with 4 sodium cations bound by mono- and bihydrated hydroxide are identified as structure-directing agents for the formation of this zeolite. This documentation of inorganic solution species acting as a templating agent in zeolite formation opens new horizons for zeolite synthesis by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Asselman
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Nick Pellens
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modelling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matti Hellström
- Software for Chemistry and Materials B.V., 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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25
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Peeters R, Verbruggen V, Rongé J, Martens JA. Non-Isothermal Kinetic Model of Water Vapor Adsorption on a Desiccant Bed for Harvesting Water from Atmospheric Air. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Peeters
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f—bus 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Verbruggen
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f—bus 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f—bus 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f—bus 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Vaneeckhaute E, De Ridder S, Tyburn JM, Kempf JG, Taulelle F, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Long-Term Generation of Longitudinal Spin Order Controlled by Ammonia Ligation Enables Rapid SABRE Hyperpolarized 2D NMR. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1150. [PMID: 34139098 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The front cover artwork front cover artwork is provided by NMRCoRe, the Flemish NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research and was designed by Ir. Ewoud Vaneeckhaute and Dr. Eric Breynaert. The image shows the reciprocity between parahydrogen, deuterated ammonia and iridium allowing for hyperpolarized 2D NMR via long-term availability of longitudinal spin order. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie De Ridder
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'Industrie BP 10002, 67166, Wissembourg Cedex, France
| | - James G Kempf
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, 01821 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Vaneeckhaute E, De Ridder S, Tyburn J, Kempf JG, Taulelle F, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Front Cover: Long‐Term Generation of Longitudinal Spin Order Controlled by Ammonia Ligation Enables Rapid SABRE Hyperpolarized 2D NMR (12/2021). Chemphyschem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sophie De Ridder
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jean‐Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin 34 rue de l'Industrie BP 10002 67166 Wissembourg Cedex France
| | - James G. Kempf
- Bruker Biospin 15 Fortune Dr. Billerica 01821 Massachusetts United States
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461 3001 Leuven Belgium
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28
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Vaneeckhaute E, De Ridder S, Tyburn JM, Kempf JG, Taulelle F, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Long-Term Generation of Longitudinal Spin Order Controlled by Ammonia Ligation Enables Rapid SABRE Hyperpolarized 2D NMR. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1170-1177. [PMID: 33851495 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking of parahydrogen using iridium catalysts converts singlet spin order into observable hyperpolarization. In this contribution, iridium catalysts are designed to exhibit asymmetry in their hydrides, regulated by in situ generation of deuterated ammonia governed by ammonium buffers. The concentrations of ammonia (N) and pyridine (P) provide a handle to generate a variety of stereo-chemically asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene iridium complexes, ligating either [3xP], [2xP;N], [P;2xN] or [3xN] in an octahedral SABRE type configuration. The non-equivalent hydride positions, in correspondence with the ammonium buffer solutions, enables to extend singlet-triplet or S ⟩ → T 0 ⟩ mixing at high magnetic field and experimentally induce prolonged generation of non-equilibrium longitudinal two-spin order. This long-lasting magnetization can be exploited in hyperpolarized 2D-OPSY-COSY experiments providing direct structural information on the catalyst using a single contact with parahydrogen. Separately, field cycling revealed hyperpolarization properties in low-field conditions. Controlling catalyst stereochemistry by introducing small and deuterated ligands, such as deuterated ammonia, simplifies the spin-system. This is shown to unify experimental and theoretically derived field-sweep experiments for four-spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie De Ridder
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'Industrie BP 10002, 67166, Wissembourg Cedex, France
| | - James G Kempf
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, 01821, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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De Man WL, Vaneeckhaute E, De Brier N, Wouters AGB, Martens JA, Breynaert E, Delcour JA. 1H Diffusion-Ordered Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Water-Extractable Arabinoxylan in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Flour. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3912-3922. [PMID: 33780246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural heterogeneity of water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) impacts wheat flour functionality. 1H diffusion-ordered (DOSY) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed structural heterogeneity within WE-AX fractions obtained via graded ethanol precipitation. Combination with high-resolution 1H-1H correlation NMR spectroscopy (COSY) allowed identifying the relationship between the xylose substitution patterns and diffusion properties of the subpopulations. WE-AX fractions contained distinct subpopulations with different diffusion rates. WE-AX subpopulations with a high self-diffusivity contained high levels of monosubstituted xylose. In contrast, those with a low self-diffusivity were rich in disubstituted xylose, suggesting that disubstitution mainly occurs in WE-AX molecules with large hydrodynamic volumes. In general, WE-AX fractions precipitating at higher and lower ethanol concentrations had higher and lower self-diffusivity and more and less complex substitution patterns. Although 1H DOSY NMR, as performed in this study, was valuable for elucidating WE-AX structural heterogeneity, physical limitations arose when studying WE-AX populations with high molecular weight dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes L De Man
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Niels De Brier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Arno G B Wouters
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F-box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Wee LH, Vandenbrande S, Rogge SMJ, Wieme J, Asselman K, Jardim EO, Silvestre-Albero J, Navarro JAR, Van Speybroeck V, Martens JA, Kirschhock CEA. Chlorination of a Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework Tunes Packing and van der Waals Interaction of Carbon Dioxide for Optimized Adsorptive Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4962-4968. [PMID: 33593065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) is of growing interest for biogas upgrading, carbon capture and utilization, methane synthesis and for purification of natural gas. Here, we report a new zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF), coined COK-17, with exceptionally high affinity for the adsorption of CO2 by London dispersion forces, mediated by chlorine substituents of the imidazolate linkers. COK-17 is a new type of flexible zeolitic-imidazolate framework Zn(4,5-dichloroimidazolate)2 with the SOD framework topology. Below 200 K it displays a metastable closed-pore phase next to its stable open-pore phase. At temperatures above 200 K, COK-17 always adopts its open-pore structure, providing unique adsorption sites for selective CO2 adsorption and packing through van der Waals interactions with the chlorine groups, lining the walls of the micropores. Localization of the adsorbed CO2 molecules by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data and periodic density functional theory calculations revealed the presence and nature of different adsorption sites. In agreement with experimental data, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of adsorption isotherms of CO2 and CH4 in COK-17 confirmed the role of the chlorine functions of the linkers and demonstrated the superiority of COK-17 compared to other adsorbents such as ZIF-8 and ZIF-71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik H Wee
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B3001, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandenbrande
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Sven M J Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Jelle Wieme
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Karel Asselman
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B3001, Belgium
| | - Erika O Jardim
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig E-03690, Spain
| | - Joaquin Silvestre-Albero
- Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Química Inorgánica-Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig E-03690, Spain
| | - Jorge A R Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B3001, Belgium
| | - Christine E A Kirschhock
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B3001, Belgium
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Chu K, Ras MD, Rao D, Martens JA, Hofkens J, Lai F, Liu T. Tailoring the d-Band Center of Double-Perovskite LaCo xNi 1-xO 3 Nanorods for High Activity in Artificial N 2 Fixation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:13347-13353. [PMID: 33688719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The d-band center of a catalyst can be applied for the prediction of its catalytic activity, but the application of d-band theory for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has rarely been studied in perovskite materials. In this work, a series of double-perovskite LaCoxNi1-xO3 (LCNO) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized as models, where the d-band centers can be modulated by changing the stoichiometric ratios between Co and Ni elements. Experimentally, the LCNO-III NRs (x = 0.5) attained the highest faradic efficiency and NH3 yield rate among various LCNO NRs. This result matches well with the finding from theoretical calculations that LCNO-III has the most positive d-band center (εd = -0.96 eV vs Fermi level), thus confirming that LCNO-III shows the strongest adsorption ability for N2 molecules (adsorption energy value of -2.01 eV) for the subsequent N2 activation and reduction reactions. Therefore, this work proposes a general rule to adopt for developing novel catalysts (especially perovskite-based catalysts) for substantially increasing the eNRR activity by modulating the corresponding d-band centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Michiel De Ras
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Geerts L, Geerts-Claes H, Skorikov A, Vermeersch J, Vanbutsele G, Galvita V, Constales D, Chandran CV, Radhakrishnan S, Seo JW, Breynaert E, Bals S, Sree SP, Martens JA. Spherical core-shell alumina support particles for model platinum catalysts. Nanoscale 2021; 13:4221-4232. [PMID: 33586739 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08456e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
γ- and δ-alumina are popular catalyst support materials. Using a hydrothermal synthesis method starting from aluminum nitrate and urea in diluted solution, spherical core-shell particles with a uniform particle size of about 1 μm were synthesized. Upon calcination at 1000 °C, the particles adopted a core-shell structure with a γ-alumina core and δ-alumina shell as evidenced by 2D and 3D electron microscopy and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spherical alumina particles were loaded with Pt nanoparticles with an average size below 1 nm using the strong electrostatic adsorption method. Electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous platinum dispersion over the alumina surface. These platinum loaded alumina spheres were used as a model catalyst for bifunctional catalysis. Physical mixtures of Pt/alumina spheres and spherical zeolite particles are equivalent to catalysts with platinum deposited on the zeolite itself facilitating the investigation of the catalyst components individually. The spherical alumina particles are very convenient supports for obtaining a homogeneous distribution of highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles. Obtaining such a small Pt particle size is challenging on other support materials such as zeolites. The here reported and well-characterized Pt/alumina spheres can be combined with any zeolite and used as a bifunctional model catalyst. This is an interesting strategy for the examination of the acid catalytic function without the interference of the supported platinum metal on the investigated acid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Geerts
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hannelore Geerts-Claes
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Alexander Skorikov
- University of Antwerp, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Julie Vermeersch
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gina Vanbutsele
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vladimir Galvita
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Denis Constales
- Ghent University, Department of Electronics and information systems, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jin Won Seo
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, bus 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sara Bals
- University of Antwerp, Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Johan A Martens
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Mirena JI, Thybaut JW, Marin GB, Martens JA, Galvita VV. Impact of the Spatial Distribution of Active Material on Bifunctional Hydrocracking. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Mirena
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- KU Leuven, Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
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34
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Shahid S, Baron GV, Denayer JF, Martens JA, Wee LH, Vankelecom IF. Hierarchical ZIF-8 composite membranes: Enhancing gas separation performance by exploiting molecular dynamics in hierarchical hybrid materials. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Ostyn NR, Sree SP, Li J, Feng JY, Roeffaers MBJ, De Feyter S, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Martens JA. Covalent graphite modification by low-temperature photocatalytic oxidation using a titanium dioxide thin film prepared by atomic layer deposition. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Remote photocatalytic graphite oxidation proceeds efficiently via a transparent titania photocatalyst thin film coating activating the surface with oxygen functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels R. Ostyn
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jin Li
- Conformal Coating of Nanostructures (CoCooN), Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ji-Yu Feng
- Conformal Coating of Nanostructures (CoCooN), Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coating of Nanostructures (CoCooN), Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coating of Nanostructures (CoCooN), Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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36
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Sree SP, Radhakrishnan S, Geerts L, Van der Donck T, Vanbutsele G, Breynaert E, Seo JW, Martens JA. Hierarchical ISI-1 zeolite catalyst for hydroconversion of long-chain paraffins. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchization via desilication of ISI-1 zeolite, belonging to the TON type family and its impact on catalytic performance in hydroconversion of model long chain n-alkanes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- NMRCoRe
| | - Lisa Geerts
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Tom Van der Donck
- Department of Materials Engineering
- University of Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Gina Vanbutsele
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- NMRCoRe
| | - Jin Won Seo
- Department of Materials Engineering
- University of Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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Brito L, Pirngruber GD, Perez-Pellitero J, Guillon E, Albrieux F, Martens JA. Shape selectivity effects in the hydroconversion of perhydrophenanthrene over bifunctional catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The zeolite pore structure dictates the formation of isomers, which in turn influences the preferred ring opening products and the distribution of cracking products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Gerhard D. Pirngruber
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Javier Perez-Pellitero
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillon
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Rond Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, IFP Energies Nouvelles, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Vandamme K, Thevissen K, Mesquita MF, Coropciuc RG, Agbaje J, Thevissen P, da Silva WJ, Vleugels J, De Cremer K, Gerits E, Martens JA, Michiels J, Cammue BPA, Braem A. Implant functionalization with mesoporous silica: A promising antibacterial strategy, but does such an implant osseointegrate? Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:502-511. [PMID: 33382539 PMCID: PMC8404489 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives New strategies for implant surface functionalization in the prevention of peri‐implantitis while not compromising osseointegration are currently explored. The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the osseointegration of a titanium‐silica composite implant, previously shown to enable controlled release of therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine, in the Göttingen mini‐pig oral model. Material and Methods Three implant groups were designed: macroporous titanium implants (Ti‐Porous); macroporous titanium implants infiltrated with mesoporous silica (Ti‐Porous + SiO2); and conventional titanium implants (Ti‐control). Mandibular last premolar and first molar teeth were extracted bilaterally and implants were installed. After 1 month healing, the bone in contact with the implant and the bone regeneration in the peri‐implant gap was evaluated histomorphometrically. Results Bone‐to‐implant contact and peri‐implant bone volume for Ti‐Porous versus Ti‐Porous + SiO2 implants did not differ significantly, but were significantly higher in the Ti‐Control group compared with Ti‐Porous + SiO2 implants. Functionalization of titanium implants via infiltration of a SiO2 phase into the titanium macropores does not seem to inhibit implant osseointegration. Yet, the importance of the implant macro‐design, in particular the screw thread design in a marginal gap implant surgery set‐up, was emphasized by the outstanding results of the Ti‐Control implant. Conclusions Next‐generation implants made of macroporous Ti infiltrated with mesoporous SiO2 do not seem to compromise the osseointegration process. Such implant functionalization may be promising for the prevention and treatment of peri‐implantitis given the evidenced potential of mesoporous SiO2 for controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Vandamme
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials-BIOMAT, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcelo F Mesquita
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials-BIOMAT, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ruxandra-Gabriella Coropciuc
- Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Imaging & Pathology (OMFS-IMPATH), Department of Oral Health Sciences & Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jimoh Agbaje
- Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Imaging & Pathology (OMFS-IMPATH), Department of Oral Health Sciences & Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Thevissen
- Forensic Odontology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Restorative Dentistry, Biomaterials-BIOMAT, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jozef Vleugels
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat De Cremer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gerits
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Krishnaraj C, Sekhar Jena H, Bourda L, Laemont A, Pachfule P, Roeser J, Chandran CV, Borgmans S, Rogge SMJ, Leus K, Stevens CV, Martens JA, Van Speybroeck V, Breynaert E, Thomas A, Van Der Voort P. Strongly Reducing (Diarylamino)benzene-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Metal-Free Visible Light Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20107-20116. [PMID: 33185433 PMCID: PMC7705891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Photocatalytic
reduction of molecular oxygen is a promising route
toward sustainable production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This challenging process requires photoactive semiconductors
enabling solar energy driven generation and separation of electrons
and holes with high charge transfer kinetics. Covalent organic frameworks
(COFs) are an emerging class of photoactive semiconductors, tunable
at a molecular level for high charge carrier generation and transfer.
Herein, we report two newly designed two-dimensional COFs based on
a (diarylamino)benzene linker that form a Kagome (kgm) lattice and show strong visible light absorption. Their high crystallinity
and large surface areas (up to 1165 m2·g–1) allow efficient charge transfer and diffusion. The diarylamine
(donor) unit promotes strong reduction properties, enabling these
COFs to efficiently reduce oxygen to form H2O2. Overall, the use of a metal-free, recyclable photocatalytic system
allows efficient photocatalytic solar transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidharth Krishnaraj
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Jena
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Bourda
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,XStruct - Bio-Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas Laemont
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- NMRCoRe, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Borgmans
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sven M J Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Karen Leus
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group (SynBioC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- NMRCoRe, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- NMRCoRe, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis - Characterisation and Application Team (COK-kat), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- COMOC - Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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40
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Hollevoet L, Jardali F, Gorbanev Y, Creel J, Bogaerts A, Martens JA. Towards Green Ammonia Synthesis through Plasma‐Driven Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23825-23829. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lander Hollevoet
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200f—box 2461 Leuven BE-3001 Belgium
| | - Fatme Jardali
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Yury Gorbanev
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - James Creel
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200f—box 2461 Leuven BE-3001 Belgium
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41
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Hollevoet L, Jardali F, Gorbanev Y, Creel J, Bogaerts A, Martens JA. Towards Green Ammonia Synthesis through Plasma‐Driven Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lander Hollevoet
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200f—box 2461 Leuven BE-3001 Belgium
| | - Fatme Jardali
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Yury Gorbanev
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - James Creel
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk BE-2610 Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application Team KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200f—box 2461 Leuven BE-3001 Belgium
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42
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Meng L, Vanbutsele G, Pestman R, Godin A, Romero DE, van Hoof AJ, Gao L, Kimpel TF, Chai J, Martens JA, Hensen EJ. Mechanistic aspects of n-paraffins hydrocracking: Influence of zeolite morphology and acidity of Pd(Pt)/ZSM-5 catalysts. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Brito L, Pirngruber GD, Guillon E, Albrieux F, Martens JA. Hydroconversion of Perhydrophenanthrene over Bifunctional Pt/H‐USY Zeolite Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Gerhard D. Pirngruber
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillon
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
- Analysis DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUniversity of Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven
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44
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Brito L, Pirngruber GD, Guillon E, Albrieux F, Martens JA. Front Cover: Hydroconversion of Perhydrophenanthrene over Bifunctional Pt/H‐USY Zeolite Catalyst (ChemCatChem 13/2020). ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Brito
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Gerhard D. Pirngruber
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillon
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Catalysis, Biocatalysis and Separation DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
- Analysis DivisionIFP Energies Nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and CatalysisUniversity of Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven
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45
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Lai F, Zong W, He G, Xu Y, Huang H, Weng B, Rao D, Martens JA, Hofkens J, Parkin IP, Liu T. N
2
Electroreduction to NH
3
by Selenium Vacancy‐Rich ReSe
2
Catalysis at an Abrupt Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feili Lai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wei Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Guanjie He
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Haowei Huang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Bo Weng
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application team KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Tianxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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46
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Lai F, Zong W, He G, Xu Y, Huang H, Weng B, Rao D, Martens JA, Hofkens J, Parkin IP, Liu T. N
2
Electroreduction to NH
3
by Selenium Vacancy‐Rich ReSe
2
Catalysis at an Abrupt Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13320-13327. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feili Lai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wei Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Guanjie He
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Haowei Huang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Bo Weng
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis: Characterisation and Application team KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Tianxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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47
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Vaneeckhaute E, De Man WL, Duerinckx K, Delcour JA, Martens JA, Taulelle F, Breynaert E. 13C-DOSY-TOSY NMR Correlation for In Situ Analysis of Structure, Size Distribution, and Dynamics of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3250-3259. [PMID: 32045528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) are a complex mixture of cereal derived, water-soluble prebiotics, obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan, a group of dietary fibers exerting numerous nutritional and health-beneficial effects. Such complex biomolecular mixtures are notoriously difficult to characterize without initial physical fractionation. Here we present the in situ analysis of AXOS using a variety of state-of-the-art sensitivity-enhanced 13C-DOSY methods, enabling virtual separation and identification of the components. Three dimensional correlation plots displaying 13C diffusivity (DOSY: Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY), relaxation parameters (TOSY: raTe of relaxation Ordered SpectrscopY), and chemical shift offer a unique way to elucidate the composition of mixtures. We have demonstrated this multifaceted 13C probed correlation strategy in standard mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, before implementing it on AXOS. These 3D-DOSY-TOSY plots in combination with 2D-NMR correlation experiments offer unprecedented clarity for assigning chemical functions, molecular size distribution, and dynamics of oligosaccharide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wannes L De Man
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-KAT, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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48
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Kertik A, Wee LH, Sentosun K, Navarro JAR, Bals S, Martens JA, Vankelecom IFJ. High-Performance CO 2-Selective Hybrid Membranes by Exploiting MOF-Breathing Effects. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:2952-2961. [PMID: 31860256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional CO2 separation in the petrochemical industry via cryogenic distillation or amine-based absorber-stripper units is energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly. Membrane-based gas separation technology, in contrast, has contributed significantly to the development of energy-efficient systems for processes such as natural gas purification. The implementation of commercial polymeric membranes in gas separation processes is restricted by their permeability-selectivity trade-off and by their insufficient thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we present the fabrication of a Matrimid-based membrane loaded with a breathing metal-organic framework (MOF) (NH2-MIL-53(Al)) which is capable of separating binary CO2/CH4 gas mixtures with high selectivities without sacrificing much of its CO2 permeabilities. NH2-MIL-53(Al) crystals were embedded in a polyimide (PI) matrix, and the mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) were treated at elevated temperatures (up to 350 °C) in air to trigger PI cross-linking and to create PI-MOF bonds at the interface to effectively seal the grain boundary. Most importantly, the MOF transitions from its narrow-pore form to its large-pore form during this treatment, which allows the PI chains to partly penetrate the pores and cross-link with the amino functions at the pore mouth of the NH2-MIL-53(Al) and stabilizes the open-pore form of NH2-MIL-53(Al). This cross-linked MMM, with MOF pore entrances was made more selective by the anchored PI-chains and achieves outstanding CO2/CH4 selectivities. This approach provides significant advancement toward the design of selective MMMs with enhanced thermal and chemical stabilities which could also be applicable for other potential applications, such as separation of hydrocarbons (olefin/paraffin or isomers), pervaporation, and solvent-resistant nanofiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Kertik
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Post Box 2461, B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lik H Wee
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Post Box 2461, B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Kadir Sentosun
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Jorge A R Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Granada , Av. Fuentenueva S/N , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Post Box 2461, B3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Post Box 2461, B3001 Leuven , Belgium
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49
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Abstract
Water is the most sustainable solvent, but its polarity limits the solubility of non-polar solutes. Confining water in hydrophobic nanopores could be a way to modulate water solvent properties and enable using water as tuneable solvent (WaTuSo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
| | - Francis Taulelle
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- KU Leuven, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis – Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT)
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
- Center for Molecular Water Science (CMWS)
- 22607 Hamburg
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50
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Rongé J, Dobbelaere T, Henderick L, Minjauw MM, Sree SP, Dendooven J, Martens JA, Detavernier C. Bifunctional earth-abundant phosphate/phosphide catalysts prepared via atomic layer deposition for electrocatalytic water splitting. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:4166-4172. [PMID: 36132102 PMCID: PMC9419003 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of active and stable earth-abundant catalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution is one of the requirements for successful production of solar fuels. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a proven technique for conformal coating of structured (photo)electrode surfaces with such electrocatalyst materials. Here, we show that ALD can be used for the deposition of iron and cobalt phosphate electrocatalysts. A PE-ALD process was developed to obtain cobalt phosphate films without the need for a phosphidation step. The cobalt phosphate material acts as a bifunctional catalyst, able to also perform hydrogen evolution after either a thermal or electrochemical reduction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Thomas Dobbelaere
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Lowie Henderick
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Matthias M Minjauw
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | | | - Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S1 9000 Gent Belgium
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