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Milanesi F, Roelens S, Francesconi O. Towards Biomimetic Recognition of Glycans by Synthetic Receptors. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300598. [PMID: 37942862 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundant in Nature, where they are mostly assembled within glycans as free polysaccharides or conjugated to a variety of biological molecules such as proteins and lipids. Glycans exert several functions, including protein folding, stability, solubility, resistance to proteolysis, intracellular traffic, antigenicity, and recognition by carbohydrate-binding proteins. Interestingly, misregulation of their biosynthesis that leads to changes in glycan structures is frequently recognized as a mark of a disease state. Because of glycan ubiquity, carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) targeting glycans can lead to a deeper understanding of their function and to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic strategies. Synthetic receptors selectively recognizing specific carbohydrates of biological interest have been developed over the past three decades. In addition to the success obtained in the effective recognition of monosaccharides, synthetic receptors recognizing more complex guests have also been developed, including di- and oligosaccharide fragments of glycans, shedding light on the structural and functional requirements necessary for an effective receptor. In this review, the most relevant achievements in molecular recognition of glycans and their fragments will be summarized, highlighting potentials and future perspectives of glycan-targeting synthetic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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2
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Lalhmangaihzuala S, Vanlaldinpuia K, Khiangte V, Laldinpuii Z, Liana T, Lalhriatpuia C, Pachuau Z. Therapeutic applications of carbohydrate-based compounds: a sweet solution for medical advancement. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10810-2. [PMID: 38554170 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, one of the most abundant biomolecules found in nature, have been seen traditionally as a dietary component of foods. Recent findings, however, have unveiled their medicinal potential in the form of carbohydrates-derived drugs. Their remarkable structural diversity, high optical purity, bioavailability, low toxicity and the presence of multiple functional groups have positioned them as a valuable scaffold and an exciting frontier in contemporary therapeutics. At present, more than 170 carbohydrates-based therapeutics have been granted approval by varying regulatory agencies such as United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Chinese National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article explores an overview of the fascinating potential and impact of carbohydrate-derived compounds as pharmacological agents and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Lalhmangaihzuala
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Khiangte Vanlaldinpuia
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India.
| | - Vanlalngaihawma Khiangte
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Zathang Laldinpuii
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Thanhming Liana
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Chhakchhuak Lalhriatpuia
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Zodinpuia Pachuau
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
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3
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Budhadev D, Hooper J, Rocha C, Nehlmeier I, Kempf AM, Hoffmann M, Krüger N, Zhou D, Pöhlmann S, Guo Y. Polyvalent Nano-Lectin Potently Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Glycans on the Viral Spike Protein. JACS AU 2023; 3:1755-1766. [PMID: 37388683 PMCID: PMC10302749 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in spike (S) protein epitopes allow SARS-CoV-2 variants to evade antibody responses induced by infection and/or vaccination. In contrast, mutations in glycosylation sites across SARS-CoV-2 variants are very rare, making glycans a potential robust target for developing antivirals. However, this target has not been adequately exploited for SARS-CoV-2, mostly due to intrinsically weak monovalent protein-glycan interactions. We hypothesize that polyvalent nano-lectins with flexibly linked carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) can adjust their relative positions and bind multivalently to S protein glycans, potentially exerting potent antiviral activity. Herein, we displayed the CRDs of DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell lectin known to bind to diverse viruses, polyvalently onto 13 nm gold nanoparticles (named G13-CRD). G13-CRD bound strongly and specifically to target glycan-coated quantum dots with sub-nM Kd. Moreover, G13-CRD neutralized particles pseudotyped with the S proteins of Wuhan Hu-1, B.1, Delta variant and Omicron subvariant BA.1 with low nM EC50. In contrast, natural tetrameric DC-SIGN and its G13 conjugate were ineffective. Further, G13-CRD potently inhibited authentic SARS-CoV-2 B.1 and BA.1, with <10 pM and <10 nM EC50, respectively. These results identify G13-CRD as the 1st polyvalent nano-lectin with broad activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants that merits further exploration as a novel approach to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshita Budhadev
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - James Hooper
- School
of Food Science & Nutrition and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheila Rocha
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University
Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Madeleine Kempf
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University
Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University
Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dejian Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center −
Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University
Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuan Guo
- School
of Food Science & Nutrition and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Simplicien M, Pério P, Sudor J, Barre A, Benoist H, Van Damme EJ, Rougé P. Plant lectins as versatile tools to fight coronavirus outbreaks. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:109-118. [PMID: 36418811 PMCID: PMC9684959 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The S protein forming the homotrimeric spikes of pathogenic beta-coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, is a highly glycosylated protein containing mainly N-glycans of the complex and high-mannose type, as well as O-glycans. Similarly, the host cell receptors DPP4 for MERS-CoV and ACE2 for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, also represent N- and O-glycosylated proteins. All these glycoproteins share common glycosylation patterns, suggesting that plant lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities could be used as carbohydrate-binding agents for the spikes and their receptors, to combat COVID19 pandemics. The binding of plant lectins to the spikes and their receptors could mask the non-glycosylated receptor binding domain of the virus and the corresponding region of the receptor, thus preventing a proper interaction of the spike proteins with their receptors. In this review, we analyze (1) the ability of plant lectins to interact with the N- and O-glycans present on the spike proteins and their receptors, (2) the in vitro and in vivo anti-COVID19 activity already reported for plant lectins and, (3) the possible ways for delivery of lectins to block the spikes and/or their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Simplicien
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Pério
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Sudor
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Annick Barre
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Benoist
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Vanhulle E, D’huys T, Provinciael B, Stroobants J, Camps A, Noppen S, Schols D, Van Damme EJM, Maes P, Stevaert A, Vermeire K. Carbohydrate-binding protein from stinging nettle as fusion inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:989534. [PMID: 36111239 PMCID: PMC9468479 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA) is a carbohydrate-binding small monomeric protein isolated from stinging nettle rhizomes. It inhibits replication of a broad range of viruses, including coronaviruses, in multiple cell types, with appealing selectivity. In this work, we investigated the potential of UDA as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. UDA potently blocks transduction of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in A549.ACE2+-TMPRSS2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 1.22 µM. Furthermore, UDA prevents viral replication of the early Wuhan-Hu-1 strain in Vero E6 cells (IC50 = 225 nM), but also the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta and Gamma (IC50 ranging from 115 to 171 nM). In addition, UDA exerts antiviral activity against the latest circulating Delta and Omicron variant in U87.ACE2+ cells (IC50 values are 1.6 and 0.9 µM, respectively). Importantly, when tested in Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) primary lung epithelial cell cultures, UDA preserves antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (20A.EU2 variant) in the nanomolar range. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies demonstrated a concentration-dependent binding of UDA to the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting interference of UDA with cell attachment or subsequent virus entry. Moreover, in additional mechanistic studies with cell-cell fusion assays, UDA inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Finally, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 mutants with N-glycosylation deletions in the S2 subunit of the spike protein remained sensitive to the antiviral activity of UDA. In conclusion, our data establish UDA as a potent fusion inhibitor for the current variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Vanhulle
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas D’huys
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Becky Provinciael
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joren Stroobants
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita Camps
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kurt Vermeire,
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Armario-Najera V, Blanco-Perera A, Shenoy SR, Sun Y, Marfil S, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, Blanco J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Capell T, O'Keefe BR, Christou P. Physicochemical characterization of the recombinant lectin scytovirin and microbicidal activity of the SD1 domain produced in rice against HIV-1. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1013-1023. [PMID: 35178612 PMCID: PMC9034974 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rice-produced SD1 retains its physicochemical properties and provides efficient pre-exposure HIV-1 prophylaxis against infection in vitro. Scytovirin (SVN) is an HIV-neutralizing lectin that features two structural domains (SD1 and SD2) that bind to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. We expressed SD1 in rice seeds as a potential large-scale production platform and confirmed that rice-derived SD1 binds the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 in vitro. We analyzed the thermodynamic properties of SD1 compared to full-size SVN (produced in E. coli) by isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry to characterize the specific interactions between SVN/SD1 and gp120 as well as to high-mannose oligosaccharides. SVN bound with moderate affinity (Kd = 1.5 µM) to recombinant gp120, with 2.5-fold weaker affinity to nonamannoside (Kd of 3.9 µM), and with tenfold weaker affinity to tetramannoside (13.8 µM). The melting temperature (Tm) of full-size SVN was 59.1 °C and the enthalpy of unfolding (ΔHunf) was 16.4 kcal/mol, but the Tm fell when SVN bound to nonamannoside (56.5 °C) and twice as much energy was required for unfolding (ΔHunf = 33.5 kcal/mol). Interestingly, binding to tetramannoside destabilized the structure of SD1 (ΔTm ~ 11.5 °C) and doubled the enthalpy of unfolding, suggesting a dimerization event. The similar melting phenomenon shared by SVN and SD1 in the presence of oligomannose confirmed their conserved oligosaccharide-binding mechanisms. SD1 expressed in transgenic rice was able to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro. SD1 expressed in rice, therefore, is suitable as a microbicide component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Armario-Najera
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Amaya Blanco-Perera
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Shilpa R Shenoy
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Chair of AIDS and Related Diseases, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Saad AA. Targeting cancer-associated glycans as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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8
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Narayanan V, Bobbili KB, Sivaji N, Jayaprakash NG, Suguna K, Surolia A, Sekhar A. Structure and Carbohydrate Recognition by the Nonmitogenic Lectin Horcolin. Biochemistry 2022; 61:464-478. [PMID: 35225598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that have shown considerable promise as antiviral agents because of their ability to interact with envelope glycoproteins present on the surface of viruses such as HIV-1. However, their therapeutic potential has been compromised by their mitogenicity that stimulates uncontrolled division of T-lymphocytes. Horcolin, a member of the jacalin family of lectins, tightly binds the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and neutralizes HIV-1 particles but is nonmitogenic. In this report, we combine X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy to obtain atomic-resolution insights into the structure of horcolin and the molecular basis for its carbohydrate recognition. Each protomer of the horcolin dimer adopts a canonical β-prism I fold with three Greek key motifs and carries two carbohydrate-binding sites. The carbohydrate molecule binds in a negatively charged pocket and is stabilized by backbone and side chain hydrogen bonds to conserved residues in the ligand-binding loop. NMR titrations reveal a two-site binding mode and equilibrium dissociation constants for the two binding sites determined from two-dimensional (2D) lineshape modeling are 4-fold different. Single-binding-site variants of horcolin confirm the dichotomy in binding sites and suggest that there is allosteric communication between the two sites. An analysis of the horcolin structure shows a network of hydrogen bonds linking the two carbohydrate-binding sites directly and through a secondary binding site, and this coupling between the two sites is expected to assume importance in the interaction of horcolin with high-mannose glycans found on viral envelope glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Narayanan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kishore Babu Bobbili
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nukathoti Sivaji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nisha G Jayaprakash
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kaza Suguna
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ashok Sekhar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Barre A, Van Damme EJM, Klonjkowski B, Simplicien M, Sudor J, Benoist H, Rougé P. Legume Lectins with Different Specificities as Potential Glycan Probes for Pathogenic Enveloped Viruses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030339. [PMID: 35159151 PMCID: PMC8834014 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enveloped viruses are covered with a glycan shield that provides a dual function: the glycan structures contribute to virus protection as well as host cell recognition. The three classical types of N-glycans, in particular complex glycans, high-mannose glycans, and hybrid glycans, together with some O-glycans, participate in the glycan shield of the Ebola virus, influenza virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Lassa virus, and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which are responsible for respiratory syndromes. The glycans are linked to glycoproteins that occur as metastable prefusion glycoproteins on the surface of infectious virions such as gp120 of HIV, hemagglutinin of influenza, or spike proteins of beta-coronaviruses. Plant lectins with different carbohydrate-binding specificities and, especially, mannose-specific lectins from the Vicieae tribe, such as pea lectin and lentil lectin, can be used as glycan probes for targeting the glycan shield because of their specific interaction with the α1,6-fucosylated core Man3GlcNAc2, which predominantly occurs in complex and hybrid glycans. Other plant lectins with Neu5Ac specificity or GalNAc/T/Tn specificity can also serve as potential glycan probes for the often sialylated complex glycans and truncated O-glycans, respectively, which are abundantly distributed in the glycan shield of enveloped viruses. The biomedical and therapeutical potential of plant lectins as antiviral drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Mathias Simplicien
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Jan Sudor
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hervé Benoist
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-069-552-0851
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Nakagawa Y, Kakihara S, Tsuzuki K, Ojika M, Igarashi Y, Ito Y. A Pradimicin-Based Staining Dye for Glycoprotein Detection. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2496-2501. [PMID: 34524799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pradimicin A (PRM-A) and related compounds constitute an exceptional family of natural pigments that show Ca2+-dependent recognition of d-mannose (Man). Although these compounds hold great promise as research tools in glycobiology, their practical application has been severely limited by their inherent tendency to form water-insoluble aggregates. Here, we demonstrate that the 2-hydroxyethylamide derivative (PRM-EA) of PRM-A shows little aggregation in neutral aqueous media and retains binding specificity for Man. We also show that PRM-EA stains glycoproteins in dot blot assays, whereas PRM-A fails to do so, owing to severe aggregation. Significantly, PRM-EA is sensitive to glycoproteins carrying high mannose-type and hybrid-type N-linked glycans, but not to those carrying complex-type N-linked glycans. Such staining selectivity has never been observed in conventional dyes, suggesting that PRM-EA could serve as a unique staining agent for the selective detection of glycoproteins with terminal Man residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kakihara
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsuzuki
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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11
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Mosleh G, Badr P, Zaeri M, Mohagheghzadeh A. Potentials of Antitussive Traditional Persian Functional Foods for COVID-19 Therapy †. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624006. [PMID: 34335237 PMCID: PMC8322585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a worldwide pandemic resulting in a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Remdesivir is the only FDA-approved drug for hospitalized patients older than age 12. It shows the necessity of finding new therapeutic strategies. Functional foods (FFs) could have co-therapeutic and protective effects against COVID-19 infection. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM), one of the safest and most popular schools of medicine for hundreds of years, has recommended potential FF candidates to manage such a global pandemic. To reveal the potential of TPM in terms of antitussive FFs, traditional Persian pharmacopoeia "Qarabadin-e-Salehi" was searched using the keywords "Soaal" and "Sorfeh." Also, a search of MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Science Direct was performed for the relevant literature published from the inception up to March 2021. A combination of search terms including "cough, antitussive, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antiviral, COVID-19, mucoactive, mucolytic, expectorant, and mucoregulatory" was also applied. The potential mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection was discussed. Twelve TPM FFs were found including Laooqs, Morabbas, a Saviq, a soup, and a syrup. They are combinations of two to seven ingredients. Natural compounds of mentioned formulations have the main pharmacological mechanisms including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihistamine, bronchodilator, immunomodulatory, and mucoactive effects as well as central or peripheral antitussive activities. FFs are cost-effective, easily accessible, and safe options for both treatment and prevention of COVID-19. They might have positive psychological effects along with their pharmacological effects and nutritional virtues. They could also manage persistent respiratory discomforts after recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Mosleh
- Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parmis Badr
- Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Meysam Zaeri
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Matoba Y, Sato Y, Oda K, Hatori Y, Morimoto K. Lectins engineered to favor a glycan-binding conformation have enhanced antiviral activity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100698. [PMID: 33895142 PMCID: PMC8166773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologues of the Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAA) lectins contain a sequence repeat of ∼66 amino acids, with the number of tandem repeats varying across family members. OAA homologues bind high-mannose glycans on viral surface proteins, thereby interfering with viral entry into host cells. As such, OAA homologues have potential utility as antiviral agents, but a more detailed understanding of their structure–function relationships would enable us to develop improved constructs. Here, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of free and glycan-bound forms of Pseudomonas taiwanensis lectin (PTL), an OAA-family lectin consisting of two tandem repeats. Like other OAA-family lectins, PTL exhibited a β-barrel-like structure with two symmetrically positioned glycan-binding sites at the opposite ends of the barrel. Upon glycan binding, the conformation of PTL undergoes a more significant change than expected from previous OAA structural analysis. Moreover, the electron density of the bound glycans suggested that the binding affinities are different at the two binding sites. Next, based on analysis of these structures, we used site-specific mutagenesis to create PTL constructs expected to increase the population with a conformation suitable for glycan binding. The engineered PTLs were examined for their antiviral activity against the influenza virus. Interestingly, some exhibited stronger activity compared with that of the parent PTL. We propose that our approach is effective for the generation of potential microbicides with enhanced antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matoba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kinjiro Morimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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13
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Covés-Datson EM, King SR, Legendre M, Swanson MD, Gupta A, Claes S, Meagher JL, Boonen A, Zhang L, Kalveram B, Raglow Z, Freiberg AN, Prichard M, Stuckey JA, Schols D, Markovitz DM. Targeted disruption of pi-pi stacking in Malaysian banana lectin reduces mitogenicity while preserving antiviral activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:656. [PMID: 33436903 PMCID: PMC7804308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, have been regarded as potential antiviral agents, as some can bind glycans on viral surface glycoproteins and inactivate their functions. However, clinical development of lectins has been stalled by the mitogenicity of many of these proteins, which is the ability to stimulate deleterious proliferation, especially of immune cells. We previously demonstrated that the mitogenic and antiviral activities of a lectin (banana lectin, BanLec) can be separated via a single amino acid mutation, histidine to threonine at position 84 (H84T), within the third Greek key. The resulting lectin, H84T BanLec, is virtually non-mitogenic but retains antiviral activity. Decreased mitogenicity was associated with disruption of pi-pi stacking between two aromatic amino acids. To examine whether we could provide further proof-of-principle of the ability to separate these two distinct lectin functions, we identified another lectin, Malaysian banana lectin (Malay BanLec), with similar structural features as BanLec, including pi-pi stacking, but with only 63% amino acid identity, and showed that it is both mitogenic and potently antiviral. We then engineered an F84T mutation expected to disrupt pi-pi stacking, analogous to H84T. As predicted, F84T Malay BanLec (F84T) was less mitogenic than wild type. However, F84T maintained strong antiviral activity and inhibited replication of HIV, Ebola, and other viruses. The F84T mutation disrupted pi-pi stacking without disrupting the overall lectin structure. These findings show that pi-pi stacking in the third Greek key is a conserved mitogenic motif in these two jacalin-related lectins BanLec and Malay BanLec, and further highlight the potential to rationally engineer antiviral lectins for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Covés-Datson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Steven R King
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael D Swanson
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Predictive and Clinical Immunogenicity, Merck and Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Auroni Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sandra Claes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer L Meagher
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arnaud Boonen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zoe Raglow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mark Prichard
- University of Alabama Health Services Foundation Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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14
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Artese A, Svicher V, Costa G, Salpini R, Di Maio VC, Alkhatib M, Ambrosio FA, Santoro MM, Assaraf YG, Alcaro S, Ceccherini-Silberstein F. Current status of antivirals and druggable targets of SARS CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100721. [PMID: 33132205 PMCID: PMC7448791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviridae is a peculiar viral family, with a very large RNA genome and characteristic appearance, endowed with remarkable tendency to transfer from animals to humans. Since the beginning of the 21st century, three highly transmissible and pathogenic coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and caused deadly pneumonia, inflicting severe outbreaks and causing human health emergencies of inconceivable magnitude. Indeed, in the past two decades, two human coronaviruses emerged causing serious respiratory illness: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), causing more than 10,000 cumulative cases, with mortality rates of 10 % for SARS-CoV-1 and 34.4 % for MERS-CoV. More recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in China and has been identified as the etiological agent of the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. It has rapidly spread throughout the world, causing nearly 22 million cases and ∼ 770,000 deaths worldwide, with an estimated mortality rate of ∼3.6 %, hence posing serious challenges for adequate and effective prevention and treatment. Currently, with the exception of the nucleotide analogue prodrug remdesivir, and despite several efforts, there is no known specific, proven, pharmacological treatment capable of efficiently and rapidly inducing viral containment and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as no broad-spectrum drug for other human pathogenic coronaviruses. Another confounding factor is the paucity of molecular information regarding the tendency of coronaviruses to acquire drug resistance, a gap that should be filled in order to optimize the efficacy of antiviral drugs. In this light, the present review provides a systematic update on the current knowledge of the marked global efforts towards the development of antiviral strategies aimed at coping with the infection sustained by SARS-CoV-2 and other human pathogenic coronaviruses, displaying drug resistance profiles. The attention has been focused on antiviral drugs mainly targeting viral protease, RNA polymerase and spike glycoprotein, that have been tested in vitro and/or in clinical trials as well as on promising compounds proven to be active against coronaviruses by an in silico drug repurposing approach. In this respect, novel insights on compounds, identified by structure-based virtual screening on the DrugBank database endowed by multi-targeting profile, are also reported. We specifically identified 14 promising compounds characterized by a good in silico binding affinity towards, at least, two of the four studied targets (viral and host proteins). Among which, ceftolozane and NADH showed the best multi-targeting profile, thus potentially reducing the emergence of resistant virus strains. We also focused on potentially novel pharmacological targets for the development of compounds with anti-pan coronavirus activity. Through the analysis of a large set of viral genomic sequences, the current review provides a comprehensive and specific map of conserved regions across human coronavirus proteins which are essential for virus replication and thus with no or very limited tendency to mutate. Hence, these represent key druggable targets for novel compounds against this virus family. In this respect, the identification of highly effective and innovative pharmacological strategies is of paramount importance for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the current pandemic but potentially also for future and unavoidable outbreaks of human pathogenic coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Romina Salpini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Chiara Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
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15
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Tsaneva M, Van Damme EJM. 130 years of Plant Lectin Research. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:533-551. [PMID: 32860551 PMCID: PMC7455784 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with diverse molecular structures that share the ability to recognize and bind specifically and reversibly to carbohydrate structures without changing the carbohydrate moiety. The history of lectins started with the discovery of ricin about 130 years ago but since then our understanding of lectins has dramatically changed. Over the years the research focus was shifted from 'the characterization of carbohydrate-binding proteins' to 'understanding the biological function of lectins'. Nowadays plant lectins attract a lot of attention especially because of their potential for crop improvement and biomedical research, as well as their application as tools in glycobiology. The present review aims to give an overview of plant lectins and their applications, and how the field evolved in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Tsaneva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Nakagawa Y. Paving the Way for Practical Use of Sugar-Binding Natural Products as Lectin Mimics in Glycobiological Research. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1567-1572. [PMID: 32012428 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pradimicins (PRMs) constitute an exceptional class of natural products that show Ca2+ -dependent recognition of d-mannose (Man). In addition to therapeutic uses as antifungal drugs, the application of PRMs as lectin mimics for glycobiological research has been attracting considerable interest, since the emerging biological roles of Man-containing glycans have been highlighted. However, only a few attempts have been made to use PRMs for glycobiological purposes. The limited use of PRMs is primarily due to the early assumption that the readily modifiable carboxyl group of PRMs is involved in Ca2+ binding, and thus, not available to prepare research tools. Recently, this assumption has been disproved by structural elucidation of the Ca2+ complex of PRMs, which paves the way for designing carboxyl group modified derivatives of PRMs for research use. This article outlines studies related to Ca2+ -mediated Man binding of PRMs and discusses their application for glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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17
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18
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Covés-Datson EM, King SR, Legendre M, Gupta A, Chan SM, Gitlin E, Kulkarni VV, Pantaleón García J, Smee DF, Lipka E, Evans SE, Tarbet EB, Ono A, Markovitz DM. A molecularly engineered antiviral banana lectin inhibits fusion and is efficacious against influenza virus infection in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2122-2132. [PMID: 31932446 PMCID: PMC6995028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong need for a new broad-spectrum antiinfluenza therapeutic, as vaccination and existing treatments are only moderately effective. We previously engineered a lectin, H84T banana lectin (H84T), to retain broad-spectrum activity against multiple influenza strains, including pandemic and avian, while largely eliminating the potentially harmful mitogenicity of the parent compound. The amino acid mutation at position 84 from histidine to threonine minimizes the mitogenicity of the wild-type lectin while maintaining antiinfluenza activity in vitro. We now report that in a lethal mouse model H84T is indeed nonmitogenic, and both early and delayed therapeutic administration of H84T intraperitoneally are highly protective, as is H84T administered subcutaneously. Mechanistically, attachment, which we anticipated to be inhibited by H84T, was only somewhat decreased by the lectin. Instead, H84T is internalized into the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment and inhibits virus-endosome fusion. These studies reveal that H84T is efficacious against influenza virus in vivo, and that the loss of mitogenicity seen previously in tissue culture is also seen in vivo, underscoring the potential utility of H84T as a broad-spectrum antiinfluenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Covés-Datson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven R King
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48108
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Auroni Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Susana M Chan
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48108
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily Gitlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vikram V Kulkarni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jezreel Pantaleón García
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Donald F Smee
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Elke Lipka
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48108
| | - Scott E Evans
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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19
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Gattani S, Mishra A, Hoque MT. StackCBPred: A stacking based prediction of protein-carbohydrate binding sites from sequence. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Overview of the role of kinetoplastid surface carbohydrates in infection and host cell invasion: prospects for therapeutic intervention. Parasitology 2019; 146:1743-1754. [PMID: 31603063 PMCID: PMC6939169 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites are responsible for serious diseases in humans and livestock such as Chagas disease and sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively), and the different forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (produced by Leishmania spp). The limited number of antiparasitic drugs available together with the emergence of resistance underscores the need for new therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action. The use of agents binding to surface glycans has been recently suggested as a new approach to antitrypanosomal design and a series of peptidic and non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents have been identified as antiparasitics showing efficacy in animal models of sleeping sickness. Here we provide an overview of the nature of surface glycans in three kinetoplastid parasites, T. cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania. Their role in virulence and host cell invasion is highlighted with the aim of identifying specific glycan-lectin interactions and carbohydrate functions that may be the target of novel carbohydrate-binding agents with therapeutic applications.
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21
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An L-fucose specific lectin from Aspergillus niger isolated from mycotic keratitis patient and its interaction with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:487-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Nakagawa Y, Doi T, Takegoshi K, Sugahara T, Akase D, Aida M, Tsuzuki K, Watanabe Y, Tomura T, Ojika M, Igarashi Y, Hashizume D, Ito Y. Molecular Basis of Mannose Recognition by Pradimicins and their Application to Microbial Cell Surface Imaging. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:950-959.e8. [PMID: 31031141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring pradimicins (PRMs) show specific recognition of d-mannose (d-Man) in aqueous media, which has never been achieved by artificial small molecules. Although the Ca2+-mediated dimerization of PRMs is essential for their d-Man binding, the dimeric structure has yet to be elucidated, leaving the question open as to how PRMs recognize d-Man. Thus, we herein report the structural elucidation of the dimer by a combination of X-ray crystallography and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Coupled with our previous knowledge regarding the d-Man binding geometry of PRMs, elucidation of the dimer allowed reliable estimation of the mode of d-Man binding. Based on the binding model, we further developed an azide-functionalized PRM derivative (PRM-Azide) with d-Man binding specificity. Notably, PRM-Azide stained Candida rugosa cells having mannans on their cell surface through conjugation with the tetramethylrhodamine fluorophore. The present study provides the practical demonstration that PRMs can serve as lectin mimics for use in glycobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takashi Doi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - K Takegoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sugahara
- Center for Quantum Life Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dai Akase
- Center for Quantum Life Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Aida
- Center for Quantum Life Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsuzuki
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tomura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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23
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Palanichamy K, Joshi A, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Bravo MF, Shlain MA, Schiro F, Naeem Y, Garg H, Braunschweig AB. Anti-Zika Activity of a Library of Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4110-4119. [PMID: 30925051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a global health concern because of its association with severe neurological disorders. Currently, there are no antiviral therapies that have been specifically approved to treat ZIKV, and there is an urgent need to develop effective anti-ZIKV agents. Here, we report anti-ZIKV activity of 16 synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) that inhibit ZIKV infection in Vero and HeLa cells. Using a ZIKV reporter virus particle-based infection assay, our data demonstrates these SCRs are highly potent with IC50s as low as 0.16 μM and negligible toxicity at several-fold higher concentrations. Time-of-addition studies showed that these SCRs inhibit the early stages of the virus infection, which is consistent with the proposed mode of action, where the SCRs likely inhibit binding between the virus and cell-surface glycans, thereby preventing viral entry into the cells and, as such, this study demonstrates a potential new strategy against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - M Fernando Bravo
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Milan A Shlain
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Frank Schiro
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Yasir Naeem
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso , 5001 El Paso Drive , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 85 St. Nicholas Terrace , New York , New York 10031 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College , 695 Park Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
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24
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Francesconi O, Roelens S. Biomimetic Carbohydrate‐Binding Agents (CBAs): Binding Affinities and Biological Activities. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1329-1346. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTMUniversity of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry and INSTMUniversity of Florence Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
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25
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Barre A, Bourne Y, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Overview of the Structure⁻Function Relationships of Mannose-Specific Lectins from Plants, Algae and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E254. [PMID: 30634645 PMCID: PMC6359319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of mannose-binding lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants and fungi. These proteins are composed of different structural scaffold structures which harbor a single or multiple carbohydrate-binding sites involved in the specific recognition of mannose-containing glycans. Generally, the mannose-binding site consists of a small, central, carbohydrate-binding pocket responsible for the "broad sugar-binding specificity" toward a single mannose molecule, surrounded by a more extended binding area responsible for the specific recognition of larger mannose-containing N-glycan chains. Accordingly, the mannose-binding specificity of the so-called mannose-binding lectins towards complex mannose-containing N-glycans depends largely on the topography of their mannose-binding site(s). This structure⁻function relationship introduces a high degree of specificity in the apparently homogeneous group of mannose-binding lectins, with respect to the specific recognition of high-mannose and complex N-glycans. Because of the high specificity towards mannose these lectins are valuable tools for deciphering and characterizing the complex mannose-containing glycans that decorate both normal and transformed cells, e.g., the altered high-mannose N-glycans that often occur at the surface of various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Univ, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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26
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Ortega V, Stone JA, Contreras EM, Iorio RM, Aguilar HC. Addicted to sugar: roles of glycans in the order Mononegavirales. Glycobiology 2019; 29:2-21. [PMID: 29878112 PMCID: PMC6291800 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a biologically important protein modification process by which a carbohydrate chain is enzymatically added to a protein at a specific amino acid residue. This process plays roles in many cellular functions, including intracellular trafficking, cell-cell signaling, protein folding and receptor binding. While glycosylation is a common host cell process, it is utilized by many pathogens as well. Protein glycosylation is widely employed by viruses for both host invasion and evasion of host immune responses. Thus better understanding of viral glycosylation functions has potential applications for improved antiviral therapeutic and vaccine development. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the broad biological functions of glycans for the Mononegavirales, an order of enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses of high medical importance that includes Ebola, rabies, measles and Nipah viruses. We discuss glycobiological findings by genera in alphabetical order within each of eight Mononegavirales families, namely, the bornaviruses, filoviruses, mymonaviruses, nyamiviruses, paramyxoviruses, pneumoviruses, rhabdoviruses and sunviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ortega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Stone
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erik M Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald M Iorio
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Program in Immunology and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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27
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Palanichamy K, Bravo MF, Shlain MA, Schiro F, Naeem Y, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Binding Studies on a Library of Induced‐Fit Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors with Mannoside Selectivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:13971-13982. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - M. Fernando Bravo
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Milan A. Shlain
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Frank Schiro
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Yasir Naeem
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
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28
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Zhao H, Taherzadeh G, Zhou Y, Yang Y. Computational Prediction of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins and Binding Sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:e75. [PMID: 30106511 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interaction is essential for biological systems, and carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) are important targets when designing antiviral and anticancer drugs. Due to the high cost and difficulty associated with experimental approaches, many computational methods have been developed as complementary approaches to predict CBPs or carbohydrate-binding sites. However, most of these computational methods are not publicly available. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of related studies and demonstrate our two recently developed bioinformatics methods. The method SPOT-CBP is a template-based method for detecting CBPs based on structure through structural homology search combined with a knowledge-based scoring function. This method can yield model complex structure in addition to accurate prediction of CBPs. Furthermore, it has been observed that similarly accurate predictions can be made using structures from homology modeling, which has significantly expanded its applicability. The other method, SPRINT-CBH, is a de novo approach that predicts binding residues directly from protein sequences by using sequence information and predicted structural properties. This approach does not need structurally similar templates and thus is not limited by the current database of known protein-carbohydrate complex structures. These two complementary methods are available at https://sparks-lab.org. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ghazaleh Taherzadeh
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Petrova MI, van den Broek MFL, Spacova I, Verhoeven TLA, Balzarini J, Vanderleyden J, Schols D, Lebeer S. Engineering Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and GR-1 to express HIV-inhibiting griffithsin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:599-607. [PMID: 30040991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are being explored for the in situ delivery of various therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to express two HIV-inhibiting lectins, actinohivin (AH) and griffithsin (GRFT), in the probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus GR-1 for gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosal delivery, respectively. Constructs were generated for the intracellular and extracellular production of AH and GRFT under the control of the promoter of their Major Secreted Protein Msp1. Also, intracellular expression of GRFT was investigated under the control of the nisA promoter from the inducible nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. For the extracellular localization, the signal leader peptide of Msp1/p75 from L. rhamnosus GG was translationally fused with the genes encoding AH and GRFT. Construction of recombinant strains expressing the AH monomer and dimer was unsuccessful, probably due to the intracellular toxicity of AH for the lactobacilli. On the other hand, recombinant strains for intra- and extracellular production of GRFT by L. rhamnosus GG and GR-1 were successfully constructed. The highest expression levels of recombinant GRFT were observed for the constructs under the control of the inducible nisA promoter and we demonstrated anti-HIV activity against an M-tropic and a T-tropic HIV-1 strain. We can conclude that recombinant Lactobacillus expressing anti-HIV lectins could contribute to the development of enhanced probiotic strains that are able to inhibit HIV transmission and subsequent replication, although further research and development are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marianne F L van den Broek
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine L A Verhoeven
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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30
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Castillo-Acosta VM, Balzarini J, González-Pacanowska D. Surface Glycans: A Therapeutic Opportunity for Kinetoplastid Diseases. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:775-787. [PMID: 28760415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomal diseases are in need of innovative therapies that exploit novel mechanisms of action. The cell surface of trypanosomatid parasites is characterized by a dense coat of glycoconjugates with important functions in host cell recognition, immune evasion, infectivity, and cell function. The nature of parasite surface glycans is highly dynamic and changes during differentiation and in response to different stimuli through the action of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Here we propose a new approach to antiparasitic drug discovery that involves the use of carbohydrate-binding agents that bind specifically to cell-surface glycans, giving rise to cytotoxic events and parasite death. The potential and limitations of this strategy are addressed with a specific focus on the treatment of sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Castillo-Acosta
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n 18016-Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n 18016-Armilla (Granada), Spain.
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31
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Hopper JTS, Ambrose S, Grant OC, Krumm SA, Allison TM, Degiacomi MT, Tully MD, Pritchard LK, Ozorowski G, Ward AB, Crispin M, Doores KJ, Woods RJ, Benesch JLP, Robinson CV, Struwe WB. The Tetrameric Plant Lectin BanLec Neutralizes HIV through Bidentate Binding to Specific Viral Glycans. Structure 2017; 25:773-782.e5. [PMID: 28434916 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Select lectins have powerful anti-viral properties that effectively neutralize HIV-1 by targeting the dense glycan shield on the virus. Here, we reveal the mechanism by which one of the most potent lectins, BanLec, achieves its inhibition. We identify that BanLec recognizes a subset of high-mannose glycans via bidentate interactions spanning the two binding sites present on each BanLec monomer that were previously considered separate carbohydrate recognition domains. We show that both sites are required for high-affinity glycan binding and virus neutralization. Unexpectedly we find that BanLec adopts a tetrameric stoichiometry in solution whereby the glycan-binding sites are positioned to optimally target glycosylated viral spikes. The tetrameric architecture, together with bidentate binding to individual glycans, leads to layers of multivalency that drive viral neutralization through enhanced avidity effects. These structural insights will prove useful in engineering successful lectin therapeutics targeting the dense glycan shield of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T S Hopper
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Stephen Ambrose
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Department of Biochemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy M Allison
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Matteo T Degiacomi
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Mark D Tully
- Diamond Light Source B21, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Laura K Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center & Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, CHAVI-ID, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center & Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robert J Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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32
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Malik S, Petrova MI, Imholz NCE, Verhoeven TLA, Noppen S, Van Damme EJM, Liekens S, Balzarini J, Schols D, Vanderleyden J, Lebeer S. High mannose-specific lectin Msl mediates key interactions of the vaginal Lactobacillus plantarum isolate CMPG5300. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37339. [PMID: 27853317 PMCID: PMC5112522 DOI: 10.1038/srep37339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the interaction potential of the human vaginal isolate Lactobacillus plantarum CMPG5300, its genome was mined for genes encoding lectin-like proteins. cmpg5300.05_29 was identified as the gene encoding a putative mannose-binding lectin. Phenotypic analysis of a gene knock-out mutant of cmpg5300.05_29 showed that expression of this gene is important for auto-aggregation, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial cells, biofilm formation and binding to mannosylated glycans. Purification of the predicted lectin domain of Cmpg5300.05_29 and characterization of its sugar binding capacity confirmed the specificity of the lectin for high- mannose glycans. Therefore, we renamed Cmpg5300.05_29 as a mannose-specific lectin (Msl). The purified lectin domain of Msl could efficiently bind to HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 and Candida albicans, and showed an inhibitory activity against biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Thus, using a combination of molecular lectin characterization and functional assays, we could show that lectin-sugar interactions play a key role in host and pathogen interactions of a prototype isolate of the vaginal Lactobacillus microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Malik
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mariya I Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicole C E Imholz
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Sam Noppen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Antwerp, Belgium
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Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA. Griffithsin: An Antiviral Lectin with Outstanding Therapeutic Potential. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100296. [PMID: 27783038 PMCID: PMC5086628 DOI: 10.3390/v8100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. It is currently being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses. GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. The potential to inhibit other viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated. Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. Here, we review structural and biochemical studies that established mode of action and facilitated construction of GRFT analogs, mechanisms that may lead to resistance, and in vitro and pre-clinical results that support the therapeutic potential of this lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Taherzadeh G, Zhou Y, Liew AWC, Yang Y. Sequence-Based Prediction of Protein-Carbohydrate Binding Sites Using Support Vector Machines. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:2115-2122. [PMID: 27623166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding proteins play significant roles in many diseases including cancer. Here, we established a machine-learning-based method (called sequence-based prediction of residue-level interaction sites of carbohydrates, SPRINT-CBH) to predict carbohydrate-binding sites in proteins using support vector machines (SVMs). We found that integrating evolution-derived sequence profiles with additional information on sequence and predicted solvent accessible surface area leads to a reasonably accurate, robust, and predictive method, with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 and 0.77 and Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.34 and 0.29, respectively for 10-fold cross validation and independent test without balancing binding and nonbinding residues. The quality of the method is further demonstrated by having statistically significantly more binding residues predicted for carbohydrate-binding proteins than presumptive nonbinding proteins in the human proteome, and by the bias of rare alleles toward predicted carbohydrate-binding sites for nonsynonymous mutations from the 1000 genome project. SPRINT-CBH is available as an online server at http://sparks-lab.org/server/SPRINT-CBH .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Taherzadeh
- School of Information and Communication Technology and ‡Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- School of Information and Communication Technology and ‡Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Alan Wee-Chung Liew
- School of Information and Communication Technology and ‡Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Information and Communication Technology and ‡Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
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Petrova MI, Imholz NCE, Verhoeven TLA, Balzarini J, Van Damme EJM, Schols D, Vanderleyden J, Lebeer S. Lectin-Like Molecules of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibit Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Biofilm Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161337. [PMID: 27537843 PMCID: PMC4990349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increased antibiotic resistance has catalyzed the research on new antibacterial molecules and alternative strategies, such as the application of beneficial bacteria. Since lectin molecules have unique sugar-recognizing capacities, and pathogens are often decorated with sugars that affect their survival and infectivity, we explored whether lectins from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG have antipathogenic properties. Methods The genome sequence of L. rhamnosus GG was screened for the presence of lectin-like proteins. Two genes, LGG_RS02780 and LGG_RS02750, encoding for polypeptides with an N-terminal conserved L-type lectin domain were detected and designated Llp1 (lectin-like protein 1) and Llp2. The capacity of Llp1 and Llp2 to inhibit biofilm formation of various pathogens was investigated. Sugar specificity was determined by Sepharose beads assays and glycan array screening. Results The isolated lectin domains of Llp1 and Llp2 possess pronounced inhibitory activity against biofilm formation by various pathogens, including clinical Salmonella species and uropathogenic E. coli, with Llp2 being more active than Llp1. In addition, sugar binding assays with Llp1 and Llp2 indicate specificity for complex glycans. Both proteins are also involved in the adhesion capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to gastrointestinal and vaginal epithelial cells. Conclusions Lectins isolated from or expressed by beneficial lactobacilli could be considered promising bio-active ingredients for improved prophylaxis of urogenital and gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I. Petrova
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail: (SL); (MIP)
| | - Nicole C. E. Imholz
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine L. A. Verhoeven
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vanderleyden
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, box 2460, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail: (SL); (MIP)
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Anti-influenza virus activity of high-mannose binding lectins derived from genus Pseudomonas. Virus Res 2016; 223:64-72. [PMID: 27374061 PMCID: PMC7173227 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three Pseudomonas-derived lectins: PFL, PML, and PTL, have been examined for anti-influenza virus activity against several strains of influenza virus. These lectins would bind high-mannose glycan and blocked the entry of influenza virus into the host cells. It is expected that these lectins could have an antiviral activity against not only influenza virus but also other enveloped viruses including HIV as described by many other studies. These three lectins will be applicable to a novel microbicide.
Lectin PFL binding high-mannose glycan derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens and other homologous lectins: PML derived from Pseudomonas mandelii and PTL derived from Pseudomonas taiwanensis were examined for antiviral activity. The cDNA of these lectin genes were synthesized, cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed lectins were purified by gel filtrations, and supplied to cultures infected with several strains of influenza virus. These three lectins have inhibited propagation of influenza viruses with a similar extent, 50% of inhibition-dose was around ten nanomolar concentration. An immunofluorescent microscopy, a microarray analysis, and several infection experiments with different time periods of lectin addition or using the competitor substrates indicated that binding of these lectins with high-mannose glycan on HA protein of influenza virus could block the virus entry into the host cells, thereby resulting in inhibition of the virus propagation. These Pseudomonas-derived lectins would be protential and attractive antiviral agents targeting glycoproteins of enveloped viruses including influenza virus.
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Vamvaka E, Evans A, Ramessar K, Krumpe LRH, Shattock RJ, O'Keefe BR, Christou P, Capell T. Cyanovirin-N produced in rice endosperm offers effective pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV-1BaL infection in vitro. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1309-19. [PMID: 27007716 PMCID: PMC7815165 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyanovirin-N produced in rice endosperm provides efficient pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV-1 BaL infection in vitro. Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a lectin with potent antiviral activity that has been proposed as a component of microbicides for the prevention of infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The production of protein-based microbicide components requires a platform that is sufficiently economical and scalable to meet the demands of the large at-risk population, particularly in resource poor developing countries. We, therefore, expressed CV-N in rice endosperm, because the dried seed is ideal for storage and transport and crude extracts could be prepared locally and used as a microbicide component without further purification. We found that crude extracts from rice seeds expressing up to 10 µg CV-N per gram dry seed weight showed dose-dependent gp120 binding activity, confirming that the protein was soluble, correctly folded and active. The recombinant lectin ((OS)CV-N) reduced the infectivity of HIV-1BaL (an R5 virus strain representing the majority of transmitted infections) by ~90 % but showed only weak neutralization activity against HIV-1RF (representative of X4 virus, rarely associated with transmission), suggesting it would be highly effective for pre-exposure prophylaxis against the vast majority of transmitted strains. Crude extracts expressing (OS)CV-N showed no toxicity towards human cells at working dilutions indicating that microbicide components produced in rice endosperm are safe for direct application as topical microbicides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vamvaka
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - A Evans
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - K Ramessar
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - L R H Krumpe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R J Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - B R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - P Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
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Sensitivity of transmitted and founder human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelopes to carbohydrate-binding agents griffithsin, cyanovirin-N and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3660-3666. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission often results from infection by a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of T/F HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) to microbicide candidate carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) griffithsin (GRFT), cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), showing that T/F Envs demonstrated different sensitivity to CBAs, with IC50 values ranging from 0.006 ± 0.0003 to >10 nM for GRFT, from 0.6 ± 0.2 to 28.9 ± 2.9 nM for CV-N and from 1.3 ± 0.2 to >500 nM for GNA. We further revealed that deglycosylation at position 295 or 448 decreased the sensitivity of T/F Env to GRFT, and at 339 to both CV-N and GNA. Mutation of all the three glcyans rendered a CBA-sensitive T/F Env largely resistant to GRFT, indicating that the sensitivity of T/F Env to GRFT is mainly determined by glycans at 295, 339 and 448. Our study identified specific T/F Env residues associated with CBA sensitivity.
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Boyer C, Corrigan NA, Jung K, Nguyen D, Nguyen TK, Adnan NNM, Oliver S, Shanmugam S, Yeow J. Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copper(0) Mediated Polymerization): From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1803-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Alan Corrigan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diep Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Thuy-Khanh Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, and ‡Centre for Advanced
Macromolecular
Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Toxic proteins in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:51-64. [PMID: 26057229 PMCID: PMC7111729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to synthesize a variety of noxious compounds to cope with unfavorable circumstances, among which a large group of toxic proteins that play a critical role in plant defense against predators and microbes. Up to now, a wide range of harmful proteins have been discovered in different plants, including lectins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, protease inhibitors, ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides and pore-forming toxins. To fulfill their role in plant defense, these proteins exhibit various degrees of toxicity towards animals, insects, bacteria or fungi. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the toxic effects and mode of action of these plant proteins in order to explore their possible applications. Indeed, because of their biological activities, toxic plant proteins are also considered as potentially useful tools in crop protection and in biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment. Genes encoding toxic plant proteins have been introduced into crop genomes using genetic engineering technology in order to increase the plant's resistance against pathogens and diseases. Despite the availability of ample information on toxic plant proteins, very few publications have attempted to summarize the research progress made during the last decades. This review focuses on the diversity of toxic plant proteins in view of their toxicity as well as their mode of action. Furthermore, an outlook towards the biological role(s) of these proteins and their potential applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Dang
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Nakagawa Y, Watanabe Y, Igarashi Y, Ito Y, Ojika M. Pradimicin A, a D-mannose-binding antibiotic, binds pyranosides of L-fucose and L-galactose in a calcium-sensitive manner. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2963-6. [PMID: 26045034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pradimicin A (PRM-A) is a unique antibiotic with a lectin-like ability to bind D-mannose (D-Man) in the presence of Ca(2+) ion. Although accumulated evidences suggest that PRM-A recognizes the 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyl groups of D-Man, BMY-28864, an artificial PRM-A derivative, was shown not to bind L-fucose (L-Fuc) and L-galactose (lLGal), both of which share the characteristic array of the three hydroxyl groups with D-Man. To obtain a plausible explanation for this inconsistency, we performed co-precipitation experiments of PRM-A with L-Fuc, L-Gal, and their methyl pyranosides (L-Fuc-OMe, L-Gal-OMe) by taking advantage of aggregate-forming propensity of the binary [PRM-A/Ca(2+)] complex. While L-Fuc and L-Gal were hardly incorporated into the aggregate, L-Fuc-OMe and L-Gal-OMe were found to exhibit significant binding to PRM-A. However, increased Ca(2+) concentration abolished this binding, raising the possibility that poor binding of L-Fuc and L-Gal to PRM-A is attributed to their chelation with Ca(2+) ion. This possibility was partly supported by (1)H NMR analysis that detected interaction of L-Fuc and L-Gal with Ca(2+) ion in aqueous solution. These results collectively indicate that PRM-A binds pyranosides of L-Fuc and L-Gal when Ca(2+) concentration is not excessive to trap these sugars by chelation but sufficient to form the [PRM-A/Ca(2+)] complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Francesconi O, Nativi C, Gabrielli G, De Simone I, Noppen S, Balzarini J, Liekens S, Roelens S. Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Aminopyrrolic Carbohydrate Binding Agents: Targeting the Glycans of Viral gp120 to Inhibit HIV Entry. Chemistry 2015; 21:10089-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Acharya P, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Kwong PD. HIV-1 gp120 as a therapeutic target: navigating a moving labyrinth. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:765-83. [PMID: 25724219 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The HIV-1 gp120 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates attachment of virus to human target cells that display requisite receptors, CD4 and co-receptor, generally CCR5. Despite high-affinity interactions with host receptors and proof-of-principle by the drug maraviroc that interference with CCR5 provides therapeutic benefit, no licensed drug currently targets gp120. AREAS COVERED An overview of the role of gp120 in HIV-1 entry and of sites of potential gp120 vulnerability to therapeutic inhibition is presented. Viral defenses that protect these sites and turn gp120 into a moving labyrinth are discussed together with strategies for circumventing these defenses to allow therapeutic targeting of gp120 sites of vulnerability. EXPERT OPINION The gp120 envelope glycoprotein interacts with host proteins through multiple interfaces and has conserved structural features at these interaction sites. In spite of this, targeting gp120 for therapeutic purposes is challenging. Env mechanisms that have evolved to evade the humoral immune response also shield it from potential therapeutics. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in understanding HIV-1 gp120 structure and its interactions with host receptors, and in developing therapeutic leads that potently neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains. Synergies between advances in understanding, needs for therapeutics against novel viral targets and characteristics of breadth and potency for a number of gp120-targetting lead molecules bodes well for gp120 as a HIV-1 therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Acharya
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Structural Biology Section , Room 4609B, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 , USA
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The evolution of HIV-1 interactions with coreceptors and mannose C-type lectin receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 129:109-40. [PMID: 25595802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) commonly evolves between and within infected individuals, at virus transmission, and during disease progression. This evolution includes altered interactions between the virus and its coreceptors, i.e., chemokine receptors, as well as mannose C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Transmitted/founder viruses are predominantly restricted to CCR5, whereas the subsequent intrapatient evolution of HIV-1 coreceptor use during progressive disease can be subdivided into two distinct pathways. Accordingly, the CCR5-restricted virus population is either gradually replaced by virus variants able to use CXCR4 or evolves toward an altered, more flexible use of CCR5. Despite a strong dependency on these coreceptors for host cell entry, HIV-1 also interacts with other cell surface molecules during target cell attachment, including the CLRs. The virus interaction with the CLRs may result either in the efficient transfer of virus to CD4(+) T cells or in the degradation of the virus in endosomal compartments. The determinants of the diverse outcomes depend on which CLR is engaged and also on the glycan makeup of the envelope glycoproteins, which may evolve with the strength of the immune pressure during the disease course. With the current clinical introduction of CCR5 antagonists and the development of additional entry inhibitors, knowledge on the evolution and baseline characteristics of HIV-1 interactions with coreceptor and CLR interactions may play important roles for individualized and optimized treatment strategies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the evolution of HIV-1 interactions with these receptors.
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Zhao H, Yang Y, von Itzstein M, Zhou Y. Carbohydrate-binding protein identification by coupling structural similarity searching with binding affinity prediction. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:2177-83. [PMID: 25220682 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) are potential biomarkers and drug targets. However, the interactions between carbohydrates and proteins are challenging to study experimentally and computationally because of their low binding affinity, high flexibility, and the lack of a linear sequence in carbohydrates as exists in RNA, DNA, and proteins. Here, we describe a structure-based function-prediction technique called SPOT-Struc that identifies carbohydrate-recognizing proteins and their binding amino acid residues by structural alignment program SPalign and binding affinity scoring according to a knowledge-based statistical potential based on the distance-scaled finite-ideal gas reference state (DFIRE). The leave-one-out cross-validation of the method on 113 carbohydrate-binding domains and 3442 noncarbohydrate binding proteins yields a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.56 for SPalign alone and 0.63 for SPOT-Struc (SPalign + binding affinity scoring) for CBP prediction. SPOT-Struc is a technique with high positive predictive value (79% correct predictions in all positive CBP predictions) with a reasonable sensitivity (52% positive predictions in all CBPs). The sensitivity of the method was changed slightly when applied to 31 APO (unbound) structures found in the protein databank (14/31 for APO versus 15/31 for HOLO). The result of SPOT-Struc will not change significantly if highly homologous templates were used. SPOT-Struc predicted 19 out of 2076 structural genome targets as CBPs. In particular, one uncharacterized protein in Bacillus subtilis (1oq1A) was matched to galectin-9 from Mus musculus. Thus, SPOT-Struc is useful for uncovering novel carbohydrate-binding proteins. SPOT-Struc is available at http://sparks-lab.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhao
- Indiana University School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, 719 Indiana Ave, Suite 319, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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Claes D, Memmel E, Holzapfel M, Seibel J, Maison W. High-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding by Trimeric Benzoboroxoles Measured on Carbohydrate Arrays. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2450-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses are highly contagious respiratory pathogens with a considerable medical and socioeconomical burden and known pandemic potential. Current influenza vaccines require annual updating and provide only partial protection in some risk groups. Due to the global spread of viruses with resistance to the M2 proton channel inhibitor amantadine or the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, novel antiviral agents with an original mode of action are urgently needed. We here focus on emerging options to interfere with the influenza virus entry process, which consists of the following steps: attachment of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated host cell receptors, endocytosis, M2-mediated uncoating, low pH-induced membrane fusion, and, finally, import of the viral ribonucleoprotein into the nucleus. We review the current functional and structural insights in the viral and cellular components of this entry process, and the diverse antiviral strategies that are being explored. This encompasses small molecule inhibitors as well as macromolecules such as therapeutic antibodies. There is optimism that at least some of these innovative concepts to block influenza virus entry will proceed from the proof of concept to a more advanced stage. Special attention is therefore given to the challenging issues of influenza virus (sub)type-dependent activity or potential drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Helfer M, Koppensteiner H, Schneider M, Rebensburg S, Forcisi S, Müller C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Schindler M, Brack-Werner R. The root extract of the medicinal plant Pelargonium sidoides is a potent HIV-1 attachment inhibitor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87487. [PMID: 24489923 PMCID: PMC3906173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global HIV-1 treatment would benefit greatly from safe herbal medicines with scientifically validated novel anti-HIV-1 activities. The root extract from the medicinal plant Pelargonium sidoides (PS) is licensed in Germany as the herbal medicine EPs®7630, with numerous clinical trials supporting its safety in humans. Here we provide evidence from multiple cell culture experiments that PS extract displays potent anti-HIV-1 activity. We show that PS extract protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages from infection with various X4 and R5 tropic HIV-1 strains, including clinical isolates. Functional studies revealed that the extract from PS has a novel mode-of-action. It interferes directly with viral infectivity and blocks the attachment of HIV-1 particles to target cells, protecting them from virus entry. Analysis of the chemical footprint of anti-HIV activity indicates that HIV-1 inhibition is mediated by multiple polyphenolic compounds with low cytotoxicity and can be separated from other extract components with higher cytotoxicity. Based on our data and its excellent safety profile, we propose that PS extract represents a lead candidate for the development of a scientifically validated herbal medicine for anti-HIV-1 therapy with a mode-of-action different from and complementary to current single-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Helfer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herwig Koppensteiner
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martha Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Rebensburg
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Forcisi
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Müller
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Brack-Werner
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chen C, Zuckerman DM, Brantley S, Sharpe M, Childress K, Hoiczyk E, Pendleton AR. Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:24. [PMID: 24433341 PMCID: PMC3899428 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic chicken coronavirus. Currently, vaccination against IBV is only partially protective; therefore, better preventions and treatments are needed. Plants produce antimicrobial secondary compounds, which may be a source for novel anti-viral drugs. Non-cytotoxic, crude ethanol extracts of Rhodiola rosea roots, Nigella sativa seeds, and Sambucus nigra fruit were tested for anti-IBV activity, since these safe, widely used plant tissues contain polyphenol derivatives that inhibit other viruses. Results Dose–response cytotoxicity curves on Vero cells using trypan blue staining determined the highest non-cytotoxic concentrations of each plant extract. To screen for IBV inhibition, cells and virus were pretreated with extracts, followed by infection in the presence of extract. Viral cytopathic effect was assessed visually following an additional 24 h incubation with extract. Cells and supernatants were harvested separately and virus titers were quantified by plaque assay. Variations of this screening protocol determined the effects of a number of shortened S. nigra extract treatments. Finally, S. nigra extract-treated virions were visualized by transmission electron microscopy with negative staining. Virus titers from infected cells treated with R. rosea and N. sativa extracts were not substantially different from infected cells treated with solvent alone. However, treatment with S. nigra extracts reduced virus titers by four orders of magnitude at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 in a dose-responsive manner. Infection at a low MOI reduced viral titers by six orders of magnitude and pretreatment of virus was necessary, but not sufficient, for full virus inhibition. Electron microscopy of virions treated with S. nigra extract showed compromised envelopes and the presence of membrane vesicles, which suggested a mechanism of action. Conclusions These results demonstrate that S. nigra extract can inhibit IBV at an early point in infection, probably by rendering the virus non-infectious. They also suggest that future studies using S. nigra extract to treat or prevent IBV or other coronaviruses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda R Pendleton
- Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, GA 30054, USA.
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Van Breedam W, Pöhlmann S, Favoreel HW, de Groot RJ, Nauwynck HJ. Bitter-sweet symphony: glycan-lectin interactions in virus biology. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 38:598-632. [PMID: 24188132 PMCID: PMC7190080 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are carbohydrate modifications typically found on proteins or lipids, and can act as ligands for glycan-binding proteins called lectins. Glycans and lectins play crucial roles in the function of cells and organs, and in the immune system of animals and humans. Viral pathogens use glycans and lectins that are encoded by their own or the host genome for their replication and spread. Recent advances in glycobiological research indicate that glycans and lectins mediate key interactions at the virus-host interface, controlling viral spread and/or activation of the immune system. This review reflects on glycan–lectin interactions in the context of viral infection and antiviral immunity. A short introduction illustrates the nature of glycans and lectins, and conveys the basic principles of their interactions. Subsequently, examples are discussed highlighting specific glycan–lectin interactions and how they affect the progress of viral infections, either benefiting the host or the virus. Moreover, glycan and lectin variability and their potential biological consequences are discussed. Finally, the review outlines how recent advances in the glycan–lectin field might be transformed into promising new approaches to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wander Van Breedam
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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