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Zhang L, Qiu M, Wang R, Li S, Liu X, Xu Q, Xiao L, Jiang ZX, Zhou X, Chen S. Monitoring ROS Responsive Fe 3O 4-based Nanoparticle Mediated Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy via 129Xe MRI. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403771. [PMID: 38551448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade strategy has improved the survival rate of late-stage lung cancer patients. However, the low immune response rate limits the immunotherapy efficiency. Here, we report a ROS-responsive Fe3O4-based nanoparticle that undergoes charge reversal and disassembly in the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the uptake of Fe3O4 by tumor cells and triggering a more severe ferroptosis. In the tumor microenvironment, the nanoparticle rapidly disassembles and releases the loaded GOx and the immune-activating peptide Tuftsin under overexpressed H2O2. GOx can consume the glucose of tumor cells and generate more H2O2, promoting the disassembly of the nanoparticle and drug release, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of ferroptosis. Combined with Tuftsin, it can more effectively reverse the immune-suppressive microenvironment and promote the recruitment of effector T cells in tumor tissues. Ultimately, in combination with α-PD-L1, there is significant inhibition of the growth of lung metastases. Additionally, the hyperpolarized 129Xe method has been used to evaluate the Fe3O4 nanoparticle-mediated immunotherapy, where the ventilation defects in lung metastases have been significantly improved with complete lung structure and function recovered. The ferroptosis-enhanced immunotherapy combined with non-radiation evaluation methodology paves a new way for designing novel theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Maosong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
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2
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Ariyasingha NM, Chowdhury MRH, Samoilenko A, Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Shi Z, Luo K, Tan S, Koptyug IV, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Toward Lung Ventilation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Diethyl Ether Gas Contrast Agent. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304071. [PMID: 38381807 PMCID: PMC11065616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas was FDA-approved as an inhalable contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of a wide range of pulmonary diseases in December 2022. Despite the remarkable success in clinical research settings, the widespread clinical translation of HP 129Xe gas faces two critical challenges: the high cost of the relatively low-throughput hyperpolarization equipment and the lack of 129Xe imaging capability on clinical MRI scanners, which have narrow-bandwidth electronics designed only for proton (1H) imaging. To solve this translational grand challenge of gaseous hyperpolarized MRI contrast agents, here we demonstrate the utility of batch-mode production of proton-hyperpolarized diethyl ether gas via heterogeneous pairwise addition of parahydrogen to ethyl vinyl ether. An approximately 0.1-liter bolus of hyperpolarized diethyl ether gas was produced in 1 second and injected in excised rabbit lungs. Lung ventilation imaging was performed using sub-second 2D MRI with up to 2×2 mm2 in-plane resolution using a clinical 0.35 T MRI scanner without any modifications. This feasibility demonstration paves the way for the use of inhalable diethyl ether as a gaseous contrast agent for pulmonary MRI applications using any clinical MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Anna Samoilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Kehuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
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3
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Nantogma S, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Abdurraheem A, Nelson C, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV, Lehmkuhl S, Schmidt AB, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation of the Hyperpolarized Ketone and Hemiketal Forms of Allyl [1- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:770-780. [PMID: 38198709 PMCID: PMC10922715 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
13C hyperpolarized pyruvate is an emerging MRI contrast agent for sensing molecular events in cancer and other diseases with aberrant metabolic pathways. This metabolic contrast agent can be produced via several hyperpolarization techniques. Despite remarkable success in research settings, widespread clinical adoption faces substantial roadblocks because the current sensing technology utilized to sense this contrast agent requires the excitation of 13C nuclear spins that also need to be synchronized with MRI field gradient pulses. Here, we demonstrate sensing of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate via the stimulated emission of radiation that mitigates the requirements currently blocking broader adoption. Specifically, 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (13C RASER) was obtained after pairwise addition of parahydrogen to a pyruvate precursor, detected in a commercial inductive detector with a quality factor (Q) of 32 for sample concentrations as low as 0.125 M with 13C polarization of 4%. Moreover, parahydrogen-induced polarization allowed for the preparation of a mixture of ketone and hemiketal forms of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate, which are separated by 10 ppm in 13C NMR spectra. This is a good model system to study the simultaneous 13C RASER signals of multiple 13C species. This system models the metabolic production of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, which has a similar chemical shift difference. Our results show that 13C RASER signals can be obtained from both species simultaneously when the emission threshold is exceeded for both species. On the other hand, when the emission threshold is exceeded only for one of the hyperpolarized species, 13C stimulated emission is confined to this species only, therefore enabling the background-free detection of individual hyperpolarized 13C signals. The reported results pave the way to novel sensing approaches of 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate, potentially unlocking hyperpolarized 13C MRI on virtually any MRI system─an attractive vision for the future molecular imaging and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Plummer JW, Hussain R, Bdaiwi AS, Costa ML, Willmering MM, Parra-Robles J, Cleveland ZI, Walkup LL. Analytical corrections for B 1 -inhomogeneity and signal decay in multi-slice 2D spiral hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI using keyhole reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38297511 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized xenon MRI suffers from heterogeneous coil bias and magnetization decay that obscure pulmonary abnormalities. Non-physiological signal variability can be mitigated by measuring and mapping the nominal flip angle, and by rescaling the images to correct for signal bias and decay. While flip angle maps can be calculated from sequentially acquired images, scan time and breath-hold duration are doubled. Here, we exploit the low-frequency oversampling of 2D-spiral and keyhole reconstruction to measure flip angle maps from a single acquisition. METHODS Flip angle maps were calculated from two images generated from a single dataset using keyhole reconstructions and a Bloch-equation-based model suitable for hyperpolarized substances. Artifacts resulting from acquisition and reconstruction schemes (e.g., keyhole reconstruction radius, slice-selection profile, spiral-ordering, and oversampling) were assessed using point-spread functions. Simulated flip angle maps generated using keyhole reconstruction were compared against the paired-image approach using RMS error (RMSE). Finally, feasibility was demonstrated for in vivo xenon ventilation imaging. RESULTS Simulations demonstrated accurate flip angle maps and B1 -inhomogeneity correction can be generated with only 1.25-fold central-oversampling and keyhole reconstruction radius = 5% (RMSE = 0.460°). These settings also generated accurate flip angle maps in a healthy control (RSME = 0.337°) and a person with cystic fibrosis (RMSE = 0.404°) in as little as 3.3 s. CONCLUSION Regional lung ventilation images with reduced impact of B1 -inhomogeneity can be acquired rapidly by combining 2D-spiral acquisition, Bloch-equation-based modeling, and keyhole reconstruction. This approach will be especially useful for breath-hold studies where short scan durations are necessary, such as dynamic imaging and applications in children or people with severely compromised respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Plummer
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Hussain
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A S Bdaiwi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M L Costa
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Parra-Robles
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Z I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - L L Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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5
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Amzajerdian F, Hamedani H, Baron R, Loza L, Duncan I, Ruppert K, Kadlecek S, Rizi R. Simultaneous quantification of hyperpolarized xenon-129 ventilation and gas exchange with multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MRI. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2334-2347. [PMID: 37533368 PMCID: PMC10543483 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MR imaging approach for simultaneously evaluating regional ventilation and gas exchange parameters. METHODS Imaging was performed in five healthy volunteers and six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The multi-breath XTC protocol consisted of three repeated schemes of six wash-in breaths of a xenon mixture and four normoxic wash-out breaths, with and without selective saturation of either the tissue membrane or red blood cell (RBC) resonances. Acquisitions were performed at end-exhalation while subjects maintained tidal breathing throughout the session. The no-saturation, membrane-saturation, and RBC-saturation images were fit to a per-breath gas replacement model for extracting voxelwise tidal volume (TV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and fractional ventilation (FV), as well as tissue- and RBC-gas exchange (fMem and fRBC , respectively). The sensitivity of the derived model was also evaluated via simulations. RESULTS With the exception of FRC, whole-lung averages for all metrics were decreased in the COPD subjects compared to the healthy cohort, significantly so for FV, fRBC , and fMem . Heterogeneity was higher overall in the COPD subjects, particularly for fRBC , fMem , and fRBC:Mem . The anterior-to-posterior gradient associated with the gravity-dependence of lung function in supine imaging was also evident for FV, fRBC , and fMem values in the healthy subjects, but noticeably absent in the COPD cohort. CONCLUSION Multi-breath XTC imaging generated high-resolution, co-registered maps of ventilation and gas exchange parameters acquired during tidal breathing and with low per-breath xenon doses. Clear differences between healthy and COPD subjects were apparent and consistent with spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Amzajerdian
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Baron
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luis Loza
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Duncan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, Bedoya DOG, McBride SJ, Abdulmojeed MB, Dedesma C, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Yen YF, TomHon P, Theis T. Facile hyperpolarization chemistry for molecular imaging and metabolic tracking of [1- 13C]pyruvate in vivo. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2023; 16-17:100129. [PMID: 38090022 PMCID: PMC10715622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization chemistry based on reversible exchange of parahydrogen, also known as Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is a particularly simple approach to attain high levels of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, which can enhance NMR and MRI signals by many orders of magnitude. SABRE has received significant attention in the scientific community since its inception because of its relative experimental simplicity and its broad applicability to a wide range of molecules, however in vivo detection of molecular probes hyperpolarized by SABRE has remained elusive. Here we describe a first demonstration of SABRE-hyperpolarized contrast detected in vivo, specifically using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Biocompatible formulations of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in, both, methanol-water mixtures, and ethanol-water mixtures followed by dilution with saline and catalyst filtration were prepared and injected into healthy Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Effective hyperpolarization-catalyst removal was performed with silica filters without major losses in hyperpolarization. Metabolic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate was detected in vivo. Pyruvate-hydrate was also observed as minor byproduct. Measurements were performed on the liver and kidney at 4.7 T via time-resolved spectroscopy and chemical-shift-resolved MRI. In addition, whole-body metabolic measurements were obtained using a cryogen-free 1.5 T MRI system, illustrating the utility of combining lower-cost MRI systems with simple, low-cost hyperpolarization chemistry to develop safe, and scalable molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - David O. Guarin Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | | | - Carlos Dedesma
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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7
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Ariyasingha NM, Samoilenko A, Birchall JR, Chowdhury MRH, Salnikov OG, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Zhu DC, Qian C, Bradley M, Gelovani JG, Koptyug IV, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Ultra-Low-Cost Disposable Hand-Held Clinical-Scale Propane Gas Hyperpolarizer for Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3845-3854. [PMID: 37772716 PMCID: PMC10902876 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are revolutionizing the field of biomedical imaging. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 was recently FDA approved as an inhalable MRI contrast agent for functional lung imaging sensing. Despite success in research settings, modern Xe-129 hyperpolarizers are expensive (up to $1M), large, and complex to site and operate. Moreover, Xe-129 sensing requires specialized MRI hardware that is not commonly available on clinical MRI scanners. Here, we demonstrate that proton-hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced on demand using a disposable, hand-held, clinical-scale hyperpolarizer via parahydrogen-induced polarization, which relies on parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. The device consists of a heterogeneous catalytic reactor connected to a gas mixture storage can containing pressurized hyperpolarization precursors: propylene and parahydrogen (10 bar total pressure). Once the built-in flow valve of the storage can is actuated, the precursors are ejected from the can into a reactor, and a stream of hyperpolarized propane gas is ejected from the reactor. Robust operation of the device is demonstrated for producing proton sensing polarization of 1.2% in a wide range of operational pressures and gas flow rates. We demonstrate that the propylene/parahydrogen gas mixture can retain potency for days in the storage can with a monoexponential decay time constant of 6.0 ± 0.5 days, which is limited by the lifetime of the parahydrogen singlet spin state in the storage container. The utility of the produced sensing agent is demonstrated for phantom imaging on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner located 100 miles from the agent/device preparation site and also for ventilation imaging of excised pig lungs using a 0.35 T clinical MRI scanner. The cost of the device components is less than $35, which we envision can be reduced to less than $5 for mass-scale production. The hyperpolarizer device can be reused, recycled, or disposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Anna Samoilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Michael Bradley
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences, Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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8
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Foo CT, Langton D, Thompson BR, Thien F. Functional lung imaging using novel and emerging MRI techniques. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1060940. [PMID: 37181360 PMCID: PMC10166823 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability in the world. While early diagnosis is key, this has proven difficult due to the lack of sensitive and non-invasive tools. Computed tomography is regarded as the gold standard for structural lung imaging but lacks functional information and involves significant radiation exposure. Lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has historically been challenging due to its short T2 and low proton density. Hyperpolarised gas MRI is an emerging technique that is able to overcome these difficulties, permitting the functional and microstructural evaluation of the lung. Other novel imaging techniques such as fluorinated gas MRI, oxygen-enhanced MRI, Fourier decomposition MRI and phase-resolved functional lung imaging can also be used to interrogate lung function though they are currently at varying stages of development. This article provides a clinically focused review of these contrast and non-contrast MR imaging techniques and their current applications in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan T. Foo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Langton
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce R. Thompson
- Melbourne School of Health Science, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Bdaiwi AS, Willmering MM, Wang H, Cleveland ZI. Diffusion weighted hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI of the lung with 2D and 3D (FLORET) spiral. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1342-1356. [PMID: 36352793 PMCID: PMC9892235 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable efficient hyperpolarized 129 Xe diffusion imaging using 2D and 3D (Fermat Looped, ORthogonally Encoded Trajectories, FLORET) spiral sequences and demonstrate that 129 Xe ADCs obtained using these sequences are comparable to those obtained using a conventional, 2D gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence. THEORY AND METHODS Diffusion-weighted 129 Xe MRI (b-values = 0, 7.5, 15 s/cm2 ) was performed in four healthy volunteers and one subject with lymphangioleiomyomatosis using slice-selective 2D-GRE (scan time = 15 s), slice-selective 2D-Spiral (4 s), and 3D-FLORET (16 s) sequences. Experimental SNRs from b-value = 0 images ( SNR 0 EX $$ SNR{0}_{EX} $$ ) and mean ADC values were compared across sequences. In two healthy subjects, a second b = 0 image was acquired using the 2D-Spiral sequence to map flip angle and correct RF-induced, hyperpolarized signal decay at the voxel level, thus improving regional ADC estimates. RESULTS Diffusion-weighted images from spiral sequences displayed image quality comparable to 2D-GRE and produced sufficient SNR 0 EX $$ SNR{0}_{EX} $$ (16.8 ± 3.8 for 2D-GRE, 21.2 ± 3.5 for 2D-Spiral, 20.4 ± 3.5 for FLORET) to accurately calculate ADC. Whole-lung means and SDs of ADC obtained via spiral were not significantly different (P > 0.54) from those obtained via 2D-GRE. Finally, 2D-Spiral images were corrected for signal decay, which resulted in a whole-lung mean ADC decrease of ˜15%, relative to uncorrected images. CONCLUSIONS Relative to GRE, efficient spiral sequences allow 129 Xe diffusion images to be acquired with isotropic lung coverage (3D), higher SNR $$ SNR $$ (2D and 3D), and three-fold faster (2D) within a single breath-hold. In turn, shortened breath-holds enable flip-angle mapping, and thus, allow RF-induced signal decay to be corrected, increasing ADC accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Bdaiwi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Matthew M. Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Hui Wang
- Philips Healthcare, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zackary I. Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221,Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Corresponding Author: Zackary I. Cleveland, Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC-2021, Cincinnati, OH 45229, Telephone: (513) 803-7186, Facsimile: (513) 803-4783,
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10
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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11
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Anikeeva M, Sangal M, Speck O, Norquay G, Zuhayra M, Lützen U, Peters J, Jansen O, Hövener JB. Nichtinvasive funktionelle Lungenbildgebung mit hyperpolarisiertem Xenon. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR PNEUMOLOGIE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9387426 DOI: 10.1007/s10405-022-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ist ein nichtinvasives Verfahren mit hervorragendem Weichteilkontrast. Aufgrund der geringen Protonendichte und vielen Luft-Gewebe-Übergängen ist die Anwendung in der Lunge jedoch eingeschränkt, so dass hier häufig röntgenbasierte Methoden eingesetzt werden (mit den bekannten Nachteilen ionisierender Strahlung). Fragestellung In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die Lungen-MRT mit hyperpolarisiertem Xenon-129 (Xe-MRT) dargestellt. Die Xe-MRT erlaubt einzigartige wertvolle Einblicke in die Mikrostruktur und Funktion der Lunge, einschließlich des Gasaustauschs mit roten Blutkörperchen – Parameter, die mit klinischen Standardmethoden nicht zugänglich sind. Material und Methoden Durch die magnetische Markierung, die Hyperpolarisierung, wird das Signal von Xenon-129 um bis zu 100.000-fach verstärkt. Hierbei werden die Elektronen von Rubidium mittels Laserlicht zunächst auf 100 % polarisiert und dann durch Stöße auf Xenon übertragen. Danach wird das hyperpolarisierte Gas in einem Beutel zum Patienten gebracht und eingeatmet, kurz bevor die MRT-Aufnahmen beginnen. Ergebnisse Durch spezielle Programmierungen (Sequenzen) in der MRT kann die Ventilation, Mikrostruktur oder der Gasaustausch der Lunge in 3‑D dargestellt werden. Dies ermöglicht z. B. die quantitative Darstellung von Belüftungsdefekten, der Größe der Alveolen, der Gasaufnahme im Gewebe und des Gastransfers ins Blut. Schlussfolgerung Die Xe-MRT liefert einzigartige Informationen über den Zustand der Lunge – nichtinvasiv, in vivo und in weniger als einer Minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Anikeeva
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Deutschland
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Maitreyi Sangal
- Abteilung Biomedizinische Magnetresonanz, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Speck
- Abteilung Biomedizinische Magnetresonanz, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Graham Norquay
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Großbritannien
| | - Maaz Zuhayra
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Ulf Lützen
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Josh Peters
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Deutschland
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Olav Jansen
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Deutschland
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
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12
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Anikeeva M, Sangal M, Speck O, Norquay G, Zuhayra M, Lützen U, Peters J, Jansen O, Hövener JB. Nichtinvasive funktionelle Lungenbildgebung mit hyperpolarisiertem Xenon. Radiologe 2022; 62:475-485. [PMID: 35403905 PMCID: PMC8996207 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-00993-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Anikeeva
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - Maitreyi Sangal
- Abteilung Biomedizinische Magnetresonanz, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Speck
- Abteilung Biomedizinische Magnetresonanz, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Graham Norquay
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, Großbritannien
| | - Maaz Zuhayra
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Ulf Lützen
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Josh Peters
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Deutschland
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Olav Jansen
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universtätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Deutschland.
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13
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Bdaiwi AS, Niedbalski PJ, Hossain MM, Willmering MM, Walkup LL, Wang H, Thomen RP, Ruppert K, Woods JC, Cleveland ZI. Improving hyperpolarized 129 Xe ADC mapping in pediatric and adult lungs with uncertainty propagation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4639. [PMID: 34729838 PMCID: PMC8828677 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperpolarized (HP) 129 Xe-MRI provides non-invasive methods to quantify lung function and structure, with the 129 Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) being a well validated measure of alveolar airspace size. However, the experimental factors that impact the precision and accuracy of HP 129 Xe ADC measurements have not been rigorously investigated. Here, we introduce an analytical model to predict the experimental uncertainty of 129 Xe ADC estimates. Additionally, we report ADC dependence on age in healthy pediatric volunteers. METHODS An analytical expression for ADC uncertainty was derived from the Stejskal-Tanner equation and simplified Bloch equations appropriate for HP media. Parameters in the model were maximum b-value (bmax ), number of b-values (Nb ), number of phase encoding lines (Nph ), flip angle and the ADC itself. This model was validated by simulations and phantom experiments, and five fitting methods for calculating ADC were investigated. To examine the lower range for 129 Xe ADC, 32 healthy subjects (age 6-40 years) underwent diffusion-weighted 129 Xe MRI. RESULTS The analytical model provides a lower bound on ADC uncertainty and predicts that decreased signal-to-noise ratio yields increases in relative uncertainty (ϵADC) . As such, experimental parameters that impact non-equilibrium 129 Xe magnetization necessarily impact the resulting ϵADC . The values of diffusion encoding parameters (Nb and bmax ) that minimize ϵADC strongly depend on the underlying ADC value, resulting in a global minimum for ϵADC . Bayesian fitting outperformed other methods (error < 5%) for estimating ADC. The whole-lung mean 129 Xe ADC of healthy subjects increased with age at a rate of 1.75 × 10-4 cm2 /s/yr (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HP 129 Xe diffusion MRI can be improved by minimizing the uncertainty of ADC measurements via uncertainty propagation. Doing so will improve experimental accuracy when measuring lung microstructure in vivo and should allow improved monitoring of regional disease progression and assessment of therapy response in a range of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Bdaiwi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Peter J. Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
| | - Md M. Hossain
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew M. Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
| | - Laura L. Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Hui Wang
- Philips Healthcare, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Zackary I. Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of
Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
45229
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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14
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Pilot Quality-Assurance Study of a Third-Generation Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Automated Xenon-129 Hyperpolarizer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041327. [PMID: 35209116 PMCID: PMC8879294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a pilot quality assurance (QA) study of a clinical-scale, automated, third-generation (GEN-3) 129Xe hyperpolarizer employing batch-mode spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with high-Xe densities (50% natural abundance Xe and 50% N2 in ~2.6 atm total pressure sourced from Nova Gas Technologies) and rapid temperature ramping enabled by an aluminum heating jacket surrounding the 0.5 L SEOP cell. 129Xe hyperpolarization was performed over the course of 700 gas loading cycles of the SEOP cell, simulating long-term hyperpolarized contrast agent production in a clinical lung imaging setting. High levels of 129Xe polarization (avg. %PXe = 51.0% with standard deviation σPXe = 3.0%) were recorded with fast 129Xe polarization build-up time constants (avg. Tb = 25.1 min with standard deviation σTb = 3.1 min) across the first 500 SEOP cell refills, using moderate temperatures of 75 °C. These results demonstrate a more than 2-fold increase in build-up rate relative to previously demonstrated results in a comparable QA study on a second-generation (GEN-2) 129Xe hyperpolarizer device, with only a minor reduction in maximum achievable %PXe and with greater consistency over a larger number of SEOP cell refill processes at a similar polarization lifetime duration (avg. T1 = 82.4 min, standard deviation σT1 = 10.8 min). Additionally, the effects of varying SEOP jacket temperatures, distribution of Rb metal, and preparation and operation of the fluid path are quantified in the context of device installation, performance optimization and maintenance to consistently produce high 129Xe polarization values, build-up rates (Tb as low as 6 min) and lifetimes over the course of a typical high-throughput 129Xe polarization SEOP cell life cycle. The results presented further demonstrate the significant potential for hyperpolarized 129Xe contrast agent in imaging and bio-sensing applications on a clinical scale.
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15
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Roach DJ, Willmering MM, Plummer JW, Walkup LL, Zhang Y, Hossain MM, Cleveland ZI, Woods JC. Hyperpolarized 129Xenon MRI Ventilation Defect Quantification via Thresholding and Linear Binning in Multiple Pulmonary Diseases. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 2:S145-S155. [PMID: 34393064 PMCID: PMC8837732 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is no agreed upon method for quantifying ventilation defect percentage (VDP) with high sensitivity and specificity from hyperpolarized (HP) gas ventilation MR images in multiple pulmonary diseases for both pediatrics and adults, yet identifying such methods will be necessary for future multi-site trials. Most HP gas MRI ventilation research focuses on a specific pulmonary disease and utilizes one quantification scheme for determining VDP. Here we sought to determine the potential of different methods for quantifying VDP from HP 129Xe images in multiple pulmonary diseases through comparison of the most utilized quantification schemes: linear binning and thresholding. MATERIALS AND METHODS HP 129Xe MRI was performed in a total of 176 subjects (125 pediatrics and 51 adults, age 20.98±16.48 years) who were either healthy controls (n = 23) or clinically diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 37), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) (n = 29), asthma (n = 22), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) (n = 11), interstitial lung disease (ILD) (n = 7), or were bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (n = 47). HP 129Xe ventilation images were acquired during a ≤16 second breath-hold using a 2D multi-slice gradient echo sequence on a 3T Philips scanner (TR/TE 8.0/4.0ms, FA 10-12°, FOV 300 × 300mm, voxel size≈3 × 3 × 15mm). Images were analyzed using 5 different methods to quantify VDPs: linear binning (histogram normalization with binning into 6 clusters) following either linear or a variant of a nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization algorithm (N4ITK) bias-field correction, thresholding ≤60% of the mean signal intensity with linear bias-field correction, and thresholding ≤60% and ≤75% of the mean signal intensity following N4ITK bias-field correction. Spirometry was successfully obtained in 84% of subjects. RESULTS All quantification schemes were able to label visually identifiable ventilation defects in similar regions within all subjects. The VDPs of control subjects were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to BMT, CF, LAM, and ILD subjects for most of the quantification methods. No one quantification scheme was better able to differentiate individual disease groups from the control group. Advanced statistical modeling of the VDP quantification schemes revealed that in comparing controls to the combined disease group, N4ITK bias-field corrected 60% thresholding had the highest predictive efficacy, sensitivity, and specificity at the VDP cut-point of 2.3%. However, compared to the thresholding quantification schemes, linear binning was able to capture and label subtle low-ventilation regions in subjects with milder obstruction, such as subjects with asthma. CONCLUSION The difference in VDP between healthy controls and patients varied between the different disease states for all quantification methods. Although N4ITK bias-field corrected 60% thresholding was superior in separating the combined diseased group from controls, linear binning is able to better label low-ventilation regions unlike the current, 60% thresholding scheme. For future clinical trials, a consensus will need to be reached on which VDP scheme to utilize, as there are subtle advantages for each for specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Roach
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph W Plummer
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laura L Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Md Monir Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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16
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New aspects of parahydrogen-induced polarization for C2—C3 hydrocarbons using metal complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Fliss JD, Zanette B, Friedlander Y, Sadanand S, Lindenmaier AA, Stirrat E, Li D, Post M, Jankov RP, Santyr G. Hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L507-L517. [PMID: 34189953 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00612.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants often require mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, which can result in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by developmental arrest and impaired lung function. Conventional clinical methods for assessing the prenatal lung are not adequate for the detection and assessment of long-term health risks in infants with BPD, highlighting the need for a noninvasive tool for the characterization of lung microstructure and function. Theoretical diffusion models, like the model of xenon exchange (MOXE), interrogate alveolar gas exchange by predicting the uptake of inert hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe gas measured with HP 129Xe magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). To investigate HP 129Xe MRS as a tool for noninvasive characterization of pulmonary microstructural and functional changes in vivo, HP 129Xe gas exchange data were acquired in an oxygen exposure rat model of BPD that recapitulates the fewer and larger distal airways and pulmonary vascular stunting characteristics of BPD. Gas exchange parameters from MOXE, including airspace mean chord length (Lm), apparent hematocrit in the pulmonary capillaries (HCT), and pulmonary capillary transit time (tx), were compared with airspace mean axis length and area density (MAL and ρA) and percentage area of tissue and air (PTA and PAA) from histology. Lm was significantly larger in the exposed rats (P = 0.003) and correlated with MAL, ρA, PTA, and PAA (0.59<|ρ|<0.66 and P < 0.05). Observed increase in HCT (P = 0.012) and changes in tx are also discussed. These findings support the use of HP 129Xe MRS for detecting fewer, enlarged distal airways in this rat model of BPD, and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Fliss
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Zanette
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonni Friedlander
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siddharth Sadanand
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andras A Lindenmaier
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Stirrat
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Li
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P Jankov
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giles Santyr
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Safavi S, Munidasa S, Zanette B, Dai R, Stirrat E, Li D, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Santyr G. Evaluating post-bronchodilator response in well-controlled paediatric severe asthma using hyperpolarised 129Xe-MRI: A pilot study. Respir Med 2021; 180:106368. [PMID: 33740737 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are the main objective measures used to assess asthma in children. However, PFTs provide a global measure of lung function. Hyperpolarised xenon-129 magnetic resonance imaging (129Xe-MRI) can assess lung function spatially. This cross-sectional cohort study aimed to evaluate the use of 129Xe-MRI in detecting ventilation abnormalities in children with well-controlled severe asthma pre- and post-bronchodilator (BD). METHOD Six healthy children (aged 11 ± 3) and six with well-controlled severe asthma (14 ± 1) underwent spirometry, multiple breath washout (MBW), and 129Xe-MRI. These tests were repeated post-BD in the asthma cohort. Image analysis was performed in MATLAB. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A significantly higher number of ventilation defects were found in the asthma cohort pre-BD compared to the healthy participants and post-BD within the asthma cohort (p = 0.02 and 0.01). A greater number of wedge-shaped defects were detected in the asthma cohort pre-BD compared to healthy participants and post-BD within the asthma cohort (p = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively). 129Xe ventilation defect percentage (VDP) and coefficient of variation (CoV) were significantly higher in the asthma cohort pre-BD compared to the healthy cohort (p = 0.006 for both). VDP and CoV were reduced significantly post-BD in the asthma cohort, to a level where there was no longer a significant difference between the two cohorts. CONCLUSION 129Xe-MRI is a sensitive marker of ventilation inhomogeneity in paediatric severe asthma and may potentially be used as a biomarker to assess disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham,Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Samal Munidasa
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Brandon Zanette
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ruixue Dai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Elaine Stirrat
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Daniel Li
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Theo J Moraes
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Giles Santyr
- The Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Chowdhury MRH, Nikolaou P, Goodson BM, Barlow MJ, Shcherbakov A, Chekmenev EY. Automated Low-Cost In Situ IR and NMR Spectroscopy Characterization of Clinical-Scale 129Xe Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3883-3888. [PMID: 33591160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present on the utility of in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic techniques for automated advanced analysis of the 129Xe hyperpolarization process during spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP). The developed software protocol, written in the MATLAB programming language, facilitates detailed characterization of hyperpolarized contrast agent production efficiency based on determination of key performance indicators, including the maximum achievable 129Xe polarization, steady-state Rb-129Xe spin-exchange and 129Xe polarization build-up rates, 129Xe spin-relaxation rates, and estimates of steady-state Rb electron polarization. Mapping the dynamics of 129Xe polarization and relaxation as a function of SEOP temperature enables systematic optimization of the batch-mode SEOP process. The automated analysis of a typical experimental data set, encompassing ∼300 raw NMR and NIR spectra combined across six different SEOP temperatures, can be performed in under 5 min on a laptop computer. The protocol is designed to be robust in operation on any batch-mode SEOP hyperpolarizer device. In particular, we demonstrate the implementation of a combination of low-cost NIR and low-frequency NMR spectrometers (∼$1,100 and ∼$300 respectively, ca. 2020) for use in the described protocols. The demonstrated methodology will aid in the characterization of NMR hyperpolarization hardware in the context of SEOP and other hyperpolarization techniques for more robust and less expensive clinical production of HP 129Xe and other contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | | | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Shcherbakov
- Smart-A, Perm, Perm Region 614000, Russia.,Custom Medical Systems (CMS) LTD, Nicosia 2312, Cyprus
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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20
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Joalland B, Ariyasingha NM, Younes HR, Nantogma S, Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Low-Flammable Parahydrogen-Polarized MRI Contrast Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:2774-2781. [PMID: 33112442 PMCID: PMC8030530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many MRI contrast agents formed with the parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) technique exhibit biocompatible profiles. In the context of respiratory imaging with inhalable molecular contrast agents, the development of nonflammable contrast agents would nonetheless be highly beneficial for the biomedical translation of this sensitive, high-throughput and affordable hyperpolarization technique. To this end, we assess the hydrogenation kinetics, the polarization levels and the lifetimes of PHIP hyperpolarized products (acids, ethers and esters) at various degrees of fluorine substitution. The results highlight important trends as a function of molecular structure that are instrumental for the design of new, safe contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications of the PHIP technique, with an emphasis on the highly volatile group of ethers used as inhalable anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Hassan R Younes
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospekt 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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21
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Plummer JW, Emami K, Dummer A, Woods JC, Walkup LL, Cleveland ZI. A semi-empirical model to optimize continuous-flow hyperpolarized 129Xe production under practical cryogenic-accumulation conditions. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 320:106845. [PMID: 33070086 PMCID: PMC7655637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with cryogenic accumulation is a powerful technique to generate multiple, large volumes of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe in rapid succession. It enables a range of studies, from dark matter tracking to preclinical and clinical MRI. Multiple analytical models based on first principles atomic physics and device-specific design features have been proposed for individual processes within HP 129Xe production. However, the modeling efforts have not yet integrated all the steps involved in practical, large volume HP 129Xe production process (e.g., alkali vapor generation, continuous-flow SEOP, and cryogenic accumulation). Here, we use a simplified analytical model that couples both SEOP and cryogenic accumulation, incorporating only two system-specific empirical parameters: the longitudinal relaxation time of the polycrystalline 129Xe "snow', T1snow, generated during cryogenic accumulation, and 2) the average Rb density during active, continuous-flow polarization. By fitting the model to polarization data collected from >140 L of 129Xe polarized across a range of flow and volume conditions, the estimates for Rb density and T1snow were 1.6 ± 0.1 × 1013 cm-3 and 84 ± 5 min, respectively - each notably less than expected based on previous literature. Together, these findings indicate that 1) earlier polarization predictions were hindered by miscalculated Rb densities, and 2) polarization is not optimized by maximizing SEOP efficiency with a low concentration 129Xe, but rather by using richer 129Xe-buffer gas blends that enable faster accumulation. Accordingly, modeling and experimentation revealed the optimal fraction of 129Xe, f, in the 129Xe-buffer gas blend was ~2%. Further, if coupled with modest increases in laser power, the model predicts liter volumes of HP 129Xe with polarizations exceeding 60% could be generated routinely in only tens of minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Plummer
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura L Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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22
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Ariyasingha NM, Joalland B, Younes HR, Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Diethyl Ether Anesthetic. Chemistry 2020; 26:13621-13626. [PMID: 32667687 PMCID: PMC7722203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing regional lung function relies on the use of nuclear spin hyperpolarized gas as a contrast agent. The long gas-phase lifetimes of hyperpolarized 129 Xe make this inhalable contrast agent acceptable for clinical research today despite limitations such as high cost, low throughput of production and challenges of 129 Xe imaging on clinical MRI scanners, which are normally equipped with proton detection only. We report on low-cost and high-throughput preparation of proton-hyperpolarized diethyl ether, which can be potentially employed for pulmonary imaging with a nontoxic, simple, and sensitive overall strategy using proton detection commonly available on all clinical MRI scanners. Diethyl ether is hyperpolarized by pairwise parahydrogen addition to vinyl ethyl ether and characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Proton polarization levels exceeding 8 % are achieved at near complete chemical conversion within seconds, causing the activation of radio amplification by stimulated emission radiation (RASER) throughout detection. Although gas-phase T1 relaxation of hyperpolarized diethyl ether (at partial pressure of 0.5 bar) is very efficient, with T1 of ca. 1.2 second, we demonstrate that, at low magnetic fields, the use of long-lived singlet states created via pairwise parahydrogen addition extends the relaxation decay by approximately threefold, paving the way to bioimaging applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Hassan R Younes
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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24
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Cyst Ventilation Heterogeneity and Alveolar Airspace Dilation as Early Disease Markers in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 16:1008-1016. [PMID: 31038987 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201812-880oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease associated with cystic destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma and chronic respiratory failure, and there are trials underway to determine if early intervention can prevent disease progression. An imaging technique that is sensitive to early regional disease would therefore be valuable for patient care and clinical trials.Objectives: We postulated that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI would be sensitive to ventilation abnormalities and alveolar airspace dilation in patients with mild LAM disease and normal pulmonary function and that 129Xe MRI would reveal important features of cyst ventilation.Methods: 129Xe ventilation and diffusion-weighted MR images were acquired in 22 patients with LAM during two breath-holds of hyperpolarized 129Xe. 129Xe ventilation defect percentage (VDP; percentage of voxels <60% of the mean whole-lung 129Xe MRI signal) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a measure of alveolar airspace size, were quantified and compared with pulmonary function test parameters with Spearman statistics. Sixteen patients with LAM had a recent, clinical chest computed tomography (CT) scan available, and cyst ventilation was assessed by thresholding cysts on the CT images and registration to the 129Xe ventilation images.Results: Ventilation deficits were observed in all patients with LAM, including those with normal pulmonary function and few cysts, and the mean VDP was 19.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.8-23.5%). 129Xe VDP was strongly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (r = -0.51, P = 0.02) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO) (r = -0.60, P = 0.009) but not with FEV1 (r = -0.33, P = 0.13), likely because of the sensitivity of 129Xe MRI to mild LAM disease in patients with normal FEV1. The mean ADC was 0.048 cm2/s (95% CI, 0.042-0.053 cm2/s). In many cases, ADC was elevated relative to previously reported values in adults, and ADC was correlated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and DlCO (P ≤ 0.02 for all). Co-registered 129Xe MRI and CT imaging revealed considerable ventilation heterogeneity within individual patients with LAM and across patients with similarly sized cysts.Conclusions: 129Xe MRI provides a means to assess the complex regional ventilation and alveolar airspace size changes of LAM with high sensitivity and may be a clinically useful future tool for screening, managing patients, and measuring treatment efficacy.
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25
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Birchall JR, Nikolaou P, Irwin RK, Barlow MJ, Ranta K, Coffey AM, Goodson BM, Pokochueva EV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Helium-rich mixtures for improved batch-mode clinical-scale spin-exchange optical pumping of Xenon-129. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 315:106739. [PMID: 32408239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present studies of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) using ternary xenon-nitrogen-helium gas mixtures at high xenon partial pressures (up to 1330 Torr partial pressure at loading, out of 2660 Torr total pressure) in a 500-mL volume SEOP cell, using two automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizers operating under continuous high-power (~170 W) pump laser irradiation. In this pilot study, we explore SEOP in gas mixtures with up to 45% 4He content under a wide range of experimental conditions. When an aluminum jacket cooling/heating design was employed (GEN-3 hyperpolarizer), 129Xe polarization (%PXe) of 55.9 ± 0.9% was observed with mono-exponential build-up rate γSEOP of 0.049 ± 0.001 min-1 for the 4He-rich mixture (1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr He, 100 Torr N2), compared to %PXe of 49.3 ± 3.3% at γSEOP of 0.035 ± 0.004 min-1 for the N2-rich gas mixture (1000 Torr Xe/100 Torr He, 900 Torr N2). When forced-air cooling/heating was used (GEN-2 hyperpolarizer), %PXe of 83.9 ± 2.7% was observed at γSEOP of 0.045 ± 0.005 min-1 for the 4He-rich mixture (1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr He, 100 Torr N2), compared to %PXe of 73.5 ± 1.3% at γSEOP of 0.028 ± 0.001 min-1 for the N2-rich gas mixture (1000 Torr Xe and 1000 Torr N2). Additionally, %PXe of 72.6 ± 1.4% was observed at a build-up rate γSEOP of 0.041 ± 0.003 min-1 for a super-high-density 4He-rich mixture (1330 Torr Xe/1200 Torr 4He/130 Torr N2), compared to %PXe = 56.6 ± 1.3% at a build-up rate of γSEOP of 0.034 ± 0.002 min-1 for an N2-rich mixture (1330 Torr Xe/1330 Torr N2) using forced air cooling/heating. The observed SEOP hyperpolarization performance under these conditions corresponds to %PXe improvement by a factor of 1.14 ± 0.04 at 1000 Torr Xe density and by up to a factor of 1.28 ± 0.04 at 1330 Torr Xe density at improved SEOP build-up rates by factors of 1.61 ± 0.18 and 1.21 ± 0.11 respectively. Record %PXe levels have been obtained here: 83.9 ± 2.7% at 1000 Torr Xe partial pressure and 72.6 ± 1.4% at 1330 Torr Xe partial pressure. In addition to improved thermal stability for SEOP, the use of 4He-rich gas mixtures also reduces the overall density of produced inhalable HP contrast agents; this property may be desirable for HP 129Xe inhalation by human subjects in clinical settings-especially in populations with heavily impaired lung function. The described approach should enjoy ready application in the production of inhalable 129Xe contrast agent with near-unity 129Xe nuclear spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | | | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Birchall JR, Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Kidd BE, Murphy M, Molway M, Bales LB, Goodson BM, Irwin RK, Barlow MJ, Chekmenev EY. Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Optical Hyperpolarization of Xenon-129 Using an Aluminum Jacket with Rapid Temperature Ramping. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4309-4316. [PMID: 32073251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) using a third-generation (GEN-3) automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizer utilizing continuous high-power (∼170 W) pump laser irradiation and a novel aluminum jacket design for rapid temperature ramping of xenon-rich gas mixtures (up to 2 atm partial pressure). The aluminum jacket design is capable of heating SEOP cells from ambient temperature (typically 25 °C) to 70 °C (temperature of the SEOP process) in 4 min, and perform cooling of the cell to the temperature at which the hyperpolarized gas mixture can be released from the hyperpolarizer (with negligible amounts of Rb metal leaving the cell) in approximately 4 min, substantially faster (by a factor of 6) than previous hyperpolarizer designs relying on air heat exchange. These reductions in temperature cycling time will likely be highly advantageous for the overall increase of production rates of batch-mode (i.e., stopped-flow) 129Xe hyperpolarizers, which is particularly beneficial for clinical applications. The additional advantage of the presented design is significantly improved thermal management of the SEOP cell. Accompanying the heating jacket design and performance, we also evaluate the repeatability of SEOP experiments conducted using this new architecture, and present typically achievable hyperpolarization levels exceeding 40% at exponential build-up rates on the order of 0.1 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Skinner JG, Ranta K, Whiting N, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Morris PG, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106686. [PMID: 32006793 PMCID: PMC7436892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can enhance the NMR sensitivity of noble gases by up to five orders of magnitude at Tesla-strength magnetic fields. SEOP-generated hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for lung imaging but an ongoing barrier to widespread clinical usage has been economical production of sufficient quantities with high 129Xe polarisation. Here, the 'standard model' of SEOP, which was previously used in the optimisation of continuous-flow 129Xe polarisers, is modified for validation against two Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP datasets. We use this model to examine ways to increase HP Xe production efficiency in stopped-flow 129Xe polarisers and provide further insight into the underlying physics of Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP at high laser fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents for 129Xe HyperCEST NMR and MRI Applications. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:9498173. [PMID: 31819739 PMCID: PMC6893250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9498173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin hyperpolarization techniques have enabled important advancements in preclinical and clinical MRI applications to overcome the intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance. Functionalized xenon biosensors represent one of these approaches. They combine two amplification strategies, namely, spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). The latter one requires host structures that reversibly bind the hyperpolarized noble gas. Different nanoparticle approaches have been implemented and have enabled molecular MRI with 129Xe at unprecedented sensitivity. This review gives an overview of the Xe biosensor concept, particularly how different nanoparticles address various critical aspects of gas binding and exchange, spectral dispersion for multiplexing, and targeted reporter delivery. As this concept is emerging into preclinical applications, comprehensive sensor design will be indispensable in translating the outstanding sensitivity potential into biomedical molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Neal MA, Pippard BJ, Simpson AJ, Thelwall PE. Dynamic susceptibility contrast 19 F-MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane: a novel approach to combined pulmonary ventilation and perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:452-461. [PMID: 31468589 PMCID: PMC6899496 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess alveolar perfusion by applying dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI to 19 F-MRI of inhaled perfluoropropane (PFP). We hypothesized that passage of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) through the pulmonary microvasculature would reduce magnetic susceptibility differences between water and gas components of the lung, elevating the T 2 ∗ of PFP. METHODS Lung-representative phantoms were constructed of aqueous PFP-filled foams to characterize the impact of aqueous/gas phase magnetic susceptibility differences on PFP T 2 ∗ . Aqueous phase magnetic susceptibility was modulated by addition of different concentrations of GBCA. In vivo studies were performed to measure the impact of intravenously administered GBCA on the T 2 ∗ of inhaled PFP in mice (7.0 Tesla) and in healthy volunteers (3.0 Tesla). RESULTS Perfluoropropane T 2 ∗ was sensitive to modulation of magnetic susceptibility difference between gas and water components of the lung, both in phantom models and in vivo. Negation of aqueous/gas phase magnetic susceptibility difference was achieved in lung-representative phantoms and in mice, resulting in a ~2 to 3× elevation in PFP T 2 ∗ (3.7 to 8.5 ms and 0.7 to 2.6 ms, respectively). Human studies demonstrated a transient elevation of inhaled PFP T 2 ∗ (1.50 to 1.64 ms) during passage of GBCA bolus through the lung circulation, demonstrating sensitivity to lung perfusion. CONCLUSION We demonstrate indirect detection of a GBCA in the pulmonary microvasculature via changes to the T 2 ∗ of gas phase PFP within directly adjacent alveoli. This approach holds potential for assessing alveolar perfusion by dynamic susceptibility contrast 19 F-MRI of inhaled PFP, with concurrent assessment of lung ventilation properties, relevant to lung physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Neal
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Pippard
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Thelwall
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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30
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Salnikov OG, Nikolaou P, Ariyasingha NM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Clinical-Scale Batch-Mode Production of Hyperpolarized Propane Gas for MRI. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4741-4746. [PMID: 30855132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) are two of the most important methods to study structure, function, and dynamics from atom to organism scale. NMR approaches often suffer from an insufficient sensitivity, which, however, can be transiently boosted using hyperpolarization techniques. One of these techniques is parahydrogen-induced polarization, which has been used to produce catalyst-free hyperpolarized propane gas with proton polarization that is 3 orders of magnitude greater than equilibrium thermal polarization at a 1.5 T field of a clinical MRI scanner. Here we show that more than 0.3 L of hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced in 2 s. This production rate is more than an order of magnitude greater than that demonstrated previously, and the reported production rate is comparable to that employed for in-human MRI using HP noble gas (e.g., 129Xe) produced via a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) hyperpolarization technique. We show that high polarization values can be retained despite the significant increase in the production rate of hyperpolarized propane. The enhanced signals of produced hyperpolarized propane gas were revealed by stopped-flow MRI visualization at 4.7 T. Achieving this high production rate enables the future use of this compound (already approved for unlimited use in foods by the corresponding regulating agencies, e.g., FDA in the USA, and more broadly as an E944 food additive) as a new inhalable contrast agent for diagnostic detection via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology , Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-2310 , United States
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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Niedbalski PJ, Willmering MM, Robertson SH, Freeman MS, Loew W, Giaquinto RO, Ireland C, Pratt RG, Dumoulin CL, Woods JC, Cleveland ZI. Mapping and correcting hyperpolarized magnetization decay with radial keyhole imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:367-376. [PMID: 30847967 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized (HP) media enable biomedical imaging applications that cannot be achieved with conventional MRI contrast agents. Unfortunately, quantifying HP images is challenging, because relaxation and radio-frequency pulsing generate spatially varying signal decay during acquisition. We demonstrate that, by combining center-out k-space sampling with postacquisition keyhole reconstruction, voxel-by-voxel maps of regional HP magnetization decay can be generated with no additional data collection. THEORY AND METHODS Digital phantom, HP 129 Xe phantom, and in vivo 129 Xe human (N = 4 healthy; N = 2 with cystic fibrosis) imaging was performed using radial sampling. Datasets were reconstructed using a postacquisition keyhole approach in which 2 temporally resolved images were created and used to generate maps of regional magnetization decay following a simple analytical model. RESULTS Mean, keyhole-derived decay terms showed excellent agreement with the decay used in simulations (R2 = 0.996) and with global attenuation terms in HP 129 Xe phantom imaging (R2 > 0.97). Mean regional decay from in vivo imaging agreed well with global decay values and displayed spatial heterogeneity that matched expected variations in flip angle and oxygen partial pressure. Moreover, these maps could be used to correct variable signal decay across the image volume. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that center-out trajectories combined with keyhole reconstruction can be used to map regional HP signal decay and to quantitatively correct images. This approach may be used to improve the accuracy of quantitative measures obtained from hyperpolarized media. Although validated with gaseous HP 129 Xe in this work, this technique can be generalized to any hyperpolarized agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott H Robertson
- Clinical Imaging Physics Group, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Freeman
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wolfgang Loew
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Randy O Giaquinto
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher Ireland
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ronald G Pratt
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles L Dumoulin
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kuethe DO, Hix JM, Fredenburgh LE. T 1 , T 1 contrast, and Ernst-angle images of four rat-lung pathologies. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2489-2500. [PMID: 30417929 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To initiate the archive of relaxation-weighted images that may help discriminate between pulmonary pathologies relevant to acute respiratory distress syndrome. MRI has the ability to distinguish pathologies by providing a variety of different contrast mechanisms. Lungs have historically been difficult to image with MRI but image quality is sufficient to begin cataloging the appearance of pathologies in T1 - and T2 -weighted images. This study documents T1 and the use of T1 contrast with four experimental rat lung pathologies. METHODS Inversion-recovery and spoiled steady state images were made at 1.89 T to measure T1 and document contrast in rats with atelectasis, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and injury from saline lavage. Higher-resolution Ernst-angle images were made to see patterns of lung infiltrations. RESULTS T1 -weighted images showed minimal contrast between pathologies, similar to T1 -weighted images of other soft tissues. Images taken shortly after magnetization inversion and displayed with inverted contrast highlight lung pathologies. Ernst-angle images distinguish the effects of T1 relaxation and spin density and display distinctive patterns. T1 for pathologies were: atelectasis, 1.25 ± 0.046 s; inflammation from instillation of lipopolysaccharide, 1.24 ± 0.015 s; VILI, 1.55 ± 0.064 s (p = 0.0022 vs. normal lung); and injury from saline lavage, 1.90±0.080 s (p = 0.0022 vs. normal lung; p = 0.0079 vs. VILI). T1 of normal lung and erector spinae muscle were 1.25 ± 0.028 s and 1.02 ± 0.027 s, respectively (p = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS Traditional T1 -weighting is subtle. However, images made with inverted magnetization and inverted contrast highlight the pathologies and Ernst-angle images aid in distinguishing pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean O Kuethe
- ABQMR, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jeremy M Hix
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Nikolaou P, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous Parahydrogen Pairwise Addition to Cyclopropane. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2621-2626. [PMID: 30039565 PMCID: PMC6197887 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized gases revolutionize functional pulmonary imaging. Hyperpolarized propane is a promising emerging contrast agent for pulmonary MRI. Unlike hyperpolarized noble gases, proton-hyperpolarized propane gas can be imaged using conventional MRI scanners with proton imaging capability. Moreover, it is non-toxic odorless anesthetic. Furthermore, propane hyperpolarization can be accomplished by pairwise addition of parahydrogen to propylene. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of propane hyperpolarization via hydrogenation of cyclopropane with parahydrogen. 1 H propane polarization up to 2.4 % is demonstrated here using 82 % parahydrogen enrichment and heterogeneous Rh/TiO2 hydrogenation catalyst. This level of polarization is several times greater than that obtained with propylene as a precursor under the same conditions despite the fact that direct pairwise addition of parahydrogen to cyclopropane may also lead to formation of propane with NMR-invisible hyperpolarization due to magnetic equivalence of nascent parahydrogen protons in two CH3 groups. NMR-visible hyperpolarized propane demonstrated here can be formed only via a reaction pathway involving cleavage of at least one C-H bond in the reactant molecule. The resulting NMR signal enhancement of hyperpolarized propane was sufficient for 2D gradient echo MRI of ∼5.5 mL phantom with 1×1 mm2 spatial resolution and 64×64 imaging matrix despite relatively low chemical conversion of cyclopropane substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States,
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Pennati F, Roach DJ, Clancy JP, Brody AS, Fleck RJ, Aliverti A, Woods JC. Assessment of pulmonary structure-function relationships in young children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis by multivolume proton-MRI and CT. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:531-542. [PMID: 29457316 PMCID: PMC6098984 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung disease is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and there is a shortage of sensitive biomarkers able to regionally monitor disease progression and to assess early responses to therapy. PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of noncontrast-enhanced multivolume MRI, which assesses intensity changes between expiratory and inspiratory breath-hold images, to detect and quantify regional ventilation abnormalities in CF lung disease, with a focus on the structure-function relationship. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Twenty-nine subjects, including healthy young children (n = 9, 7-37 months), healthy adolescents (n = 4, 14-22 years), young children with CF lung disease (n = 10, 7-47 months), and adolescents with CF lung disease (n = 6, 8-18 years) were studied. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D spoiled gradient-recalled sequence at 1.5T. ASSESSMENT Subjects were scanned during breath-hold at functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) through noncontrast-enhanced MRI and CT. Expiratory-inspiratory differences in MR signal-intensity (Δ1 H-MRI) and CT-density (ΔHU) were computed to estimate regional ventilation. MR and CT images were also evaluated using a CF-specific scoring system. STATISTICAL TESTS Quadratic regression, Spearman's correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Δ1 H-MRI maps were sensitive to ventilation heterogeneity related to gravity dependence in healthy lung and to ventilation impairment in CF lung disease. A high correlation was found between MRI and CT ventilation maps (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001). Globally, Δ1 H-MRI and ΔHU decrease with increasing morphological score (respectively, R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.31, P < 0.001). Locally, Δ1 H-MRI was higher in healthy regions (median 15%) compared to regions with bronchiectasis, air trapping, consolidation, and to segments fed by airways with bronchial wall thickening (P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION Multivolume noncontrast-enhanced MRI, as a nonionizing imaging modality that can be used on nearly any MRI scanner without specialized equipment or gaseous tracers, may be particularly valuable in CF care, providing a new imaging biomarker to detect early alterations in regional lung structure-function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:531-542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pennati
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - David J Roach
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John P Clancy
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan S Brody
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Fleck
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Aliverti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Morgado F, Couch MJ, Stirrat E, Santyr G. Effect of T1relaxation on ventilation mapping using hyperpolarized129Xe multiple breath wash-out imaging. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2670-2680. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Morgado
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus J. Couch
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Stirrat
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Giles Santyr
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario, Canada
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Woods JC, Conradi MS. 3He diffusion MRI in human lungs. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 292:90-98. [PMID: 29705031 PMCID: PMC6386180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 3He gas allows the air spaces of the lungs to be imaged via MRI. Imaging of restricted diffusion is addressed here, which allows the microstructure of the lung to be characterized through the physical restrictions to gas diffusion presented by airway and alveolar walls in the lung. Measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 3He at time scales of milliseconds and seconds are compared; measurement of acinar airway sizes by determination of the microscopic anisotropy of diffusion is discussed. This is where Dr. JJH Ackerman's influence was greatest in aiding the formation of the Washington University 3He group, involving early a combination of physicists, radiologists, and surgeons, as the first applications of 3He ADC were to COPD and its destruction/modification of lung microstructure via emphysema. The sensitivity of the method to early COPD is demonstrated, as is its validation by direct comparison to histology. More recently the method has been used broadly in adult and pediatric obstructive lung diseases, from severe asthma to cystic fibrosis to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a result of premature birth. These applications of the technique are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics (Pulmonary Medicine), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, ML 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Mark S Conradi
- ABQMR, Inc., 2301 Yale Blvd. SE, Suite C2, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Trivedi A, Hall C, Hoffman EA, Woods JC, Gierada DS, Castro M. Using imaging as a biomarker for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1-10. [PMID: 28065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant advancements in the various imaging techniques being used for the evaluation of asthmatic patients, both from a clinical and research perspective. Imaging characteristics can be used to identify specific asthmatic phenotypes and provide a more detailed understanding of endotypes contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography can be used to assess pulmonary structure and function. It has been shown that specific airway and lung density measurements using computed tomography correlate with clinical parameters, including severity of disease and pathology, but also provide unique phenotypes. Hyperpolarized 129Xe and 3He are gases used as contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging that provide measurement of distal lung ventilation reflecting small-airway disease. Positron emission tomography can be useful to identify and target lung inflammation in asthmatic patients. Furthermore, imaging techniques can serve as a potential biomarker and be used to assess response to therapies, including newer biological treatments and bronchial thermoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Trivedi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Chase Hall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David S Gierada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
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38
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Shchepin RV, Goodson BM, Theis T, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Toward Hyperpolarized 19 F Molecular Imaging via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1961-1965. [PMID: 28557156 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 has high NMR detection sensitivity-similar to that of protons-owing to its large gyromagnetic ratio and high natural abundance (100 %). Unlike protons, however, fluorine-19 (19 F) has a negligible occurrence in biological objects, as well as a more sensitive chemical shift. As a result, in vivo 19 F NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging offer advantages of negligible background signal and sensitive reporting of the local molecular environment. Here we report on NMR hyperpolarization of 19 F nuclei using reversible exchange reactions with parahydrogen gas as the source of nuclear spin order. NMR signals of 3-fluoropyridine were enhanced by ≈100 fold, corresponding to 0.3 % 19 F nuclear spin polarization (at 9.4 T), using about 50 % parahydrogen. While future optimization efforts will likely significantly increase the hyperpolarization levels, we already demonstrate the utility of 19 F hyperpolarization for high-resolution hyperpolarized 19 F imaging and hyperpolarized 19 F pH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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39
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Walkup LL, Thomen RP, Akinyi T, Watters E, Ruppert K, Clancy JP, Woods JC, Cleveland ZI. Feasibility, tolerability and safety of pediatric hyperpolarized 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers and children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1651-1662. [PMID: 27492388 PMCID: PMC5083137 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpolarized 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for MRI of pediatric lung function, but its safety and tolerability in children have not been rigorously assessed. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility, safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas as an inhaled contrast agent for pediatric pulmonary MRI in healthy control subjects and in children with cystic fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen healthy control subjects (ages 6-15 years, 11 boys) and 11 children with cystic fibrosis (ages 8-16 years, 4 boys) underwent 129Xe MRI, receiving up to three doses of 129Xe gas prepared by either a commercially available or a homebuilt 129Xe polarizer. Subject heart rate and SpO2 were monitored for 2 min post inhalation and compared to resting baseline values. Adverse events were reported via follow-up phone call at days 1 and 30 (range ±7 days) post-MRI. RESULTS All children tolerated multiple doses of 129Xe, and no children withdrew from the study. Relative to baseline, most children who received a full dose of gas for imaging (10 of 12 controls and 8 of 11 children with cystic fibrosis) experienced a nadir in SpO2 (mean -6.0 ± standard deviation 7.2%, P≤0.001); however within 2 min post inhalation SpO2 values showed no significant difference from baseline (P=0.11). There was a slight elevation in heart rate (mean +6.6 ± 13.9 beats per minute [bpm], P=0.021), which returned from baseline within 2 min post inhalation (P=0.35). Brief side effects related to the anesthetic properties of xenon were mild and quickly resolved without intervention. No serious or severe adverse events were observed; in total, four minor adverse events (14.3%) were reported following 129Xe MRI, but all were deemed unrelated to the study. CONCLUSION The feasibility, safety and tolerability of 129Xe MRI has been assessed in a small group of children as young as 6 years. SpO2 changes were consistent with the expected physiological effects of a short anoxic breath-hold, and other mild side effects were consistent with the known anesthetic properties of xenon and with previous safety assessments of 129Xe MRI in adults. Hyperpolarized 129Xe is a safe and well-tolerated inhaled contrast agent for pulmonary MR imaging in healthy children and in children with cystic fibrosis who have mild to moderate lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Teckla Akinyi
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Erin Watters
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John P. Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zackary I. Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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41
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Pusterla O, Bauman G, Wielpütz MO, Nyilas S, Latzin P, Heussel CP, Bieri O. Rapid 3D in vivo 1H human lung respiratory imaging at 1.5 T using ultra-fast balanced steady-state free precession. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1059-1069. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orso Pusterla
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Grzegorz Bauman
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Mark O. Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sylvia Nyilas
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; University Children's Hospital of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology; University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB); Basel Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; University Children's Hospital of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology; University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB); Basel Switzerland
| | - Claus P. Heussel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine; Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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42
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Hodono S, Imai H, Yamauchi Y, Kawamura A, Matsumoto H, Okumura S, Fujiwara H, Kimura A. Hyperpolarized (129) Xe MRI using isobutene as a new quenching gas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1414-1419. [PMID: 27526627 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of a quenching gas, isobutene, with a low vapor pressure was investigated to enhance the utility of hyperpolarized (129) Xe (HP Xe) MRI. Xenon mixed with isobutene was hyperpolarized using a home-built apparatus for continuously producing HP Xe. The isobutene was then readily liquefied and separated almost totally by continuous condensation at about 173 K, because the vapor pressure of isobutene (0.247 kPa) is much lower than that of Xe (157 kPa). Finally, the neat Xe gas was continuously delivered to mice by spontaneous inhalation. The HP Xe MRI was enhanced twofold in polarization level and threefold in signal intensity when isobutene was adopted as the quenching gas instead of N2 . The usefulness of the HP Xe MRI was verified by application to pulmonary functional imaging of spontaneously breathing mice, where the parameters of fractional ventilation (ra ) and gas exchange (fD ) were evaluated, aiming at future extension to preclinical studies. This is the first application of isobutene as a quenching gas for HP Xe MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hodono
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Kawamura
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Okumura
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuomi Kimura
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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43
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Ebner L, Kammerman J, Driehuys B, Schiebler ML, Cadman RV, Fain SB. The role of hyperpolarized 129xenon in MR imaging of pulmonary function. Eur J Radiol 2016; 86:343-352. [PMID: 27707585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, functional imaging of the lungs using hyperpolarized noble gases has entered the clinical stage. Both helium (3He) and xenon (129Xe) gas have been thoroughly investigated for their ability to assess both the global and regional patterns of lung ventilation. With advances in polarizer technology and the current transition towards the widely available 129Xe gas, this method is ready for translation to the clinic. Currently, hyperpolarized (HP) noble gas lung MRI is limited to selected academic institutions; yet, the promising results from initial clinical trials have drawn the attention of the pulmonary medicine community. HP 129Xe MRI provides not only 3-dimensional ventilation imaging, but also unique capabilities for probing regional lung physiology. In this review article, we aim to (1) provide a brief overview of current ventilation MR imaging techniques, (2) emphasize the role of HP 129Xe MRI within the array of different imaging strategies, (3) discuss the unique imaging possibilities with HP 129Xe MRI, and (4) propose clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ebner
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Kammerman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Mark L Schiebler
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert V Cadman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Departments of Medical Physics, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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44
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Roach DJ, Crémillieux Y, Serai SD, Thomen RP, Wang H, Zou Y, Szczesniak RD, Benzaquen S, Woods JC. Morphological and quantitative evaluation of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A comparative study of MRI with CT. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1656-1663. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Roach
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Yannick Crémillieux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Suraj D. Serai
- Radiology Department Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Department of Physics; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Philips Healthcare; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Yuanshu Zou
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Rhonda D. Szczesniak
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Sadia Benzaquen
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Radiology Department Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized 83Kr and 129Xe MRI contrast agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3164-8. [PMID: 26961001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600379113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (hp) (83)Kr is a promising MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases affecting the surface of the respiratory zone. However, the distinct physical properties of (83)Kr that enable unique MRI contrast also complicate the production of hp (83)Kr. This work presents a previously unexplored approach in the generation of hp (83)Kr that can likewise be used for the production of hp (129)Xe. Molecular nitrogen, typically used as buffer gas in spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), was replaced by molecular hydrogen without penalty for the achievable hyperpolarization. In this particular study, the highest obtained nuclear spin polarizations were P =29% for(83)Kr and P= 63% for (129)Xe. The results were reproduced over many SEOP cycles despite the laser-induced on-resonance formation of rubidium hydride (RbH). Following SEOP, the H2 was reactively removed via catalytic combustion without measurable losses in hyperpolarized spin state of either (83)Kr or (129)Xe. Highly spin-polarized (83)Kr can now be purified for the first time, to our knowledge, to provide high signal intensity for the advancement of in vivo hp (83)Kr MRI. More generally, a chemical reaction appears as a viable alternative to the cryogenic separation process, the primary purification method of hp(129)Xe for the past 2 1/2 decades. The inherent simplicity of the combustion process will facilitate hp (129)Xe production and should allow for on-demand continuous flow of purified and highly spin-polarized (129)Xe.
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Thomen RP, Quirk JD, Roach D, Egan‐Rojas T, Ruppert K, Yusen RD, Altes TA, Yablonskiy DA, Woods JC. Direct comparison of
129
X
e diffusion measurements with quantitative histology in human lungs. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:265-272. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati OH USA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. Louis MO USA
| | - James D. Quirk
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis MO USA
| | - David Roach
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati OH USA
| | - Tiffany Egan‐Rojas
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati OH USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati OH USA
| | - Roger D. Yusen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis MO USA
| | | | - Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. Louis MO USA
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging ResearchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati OH USA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. Louis MO USA
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Korver A, Thrasher D, Bulatowicz M, Walker TG. Synchronous Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:253001. [PMID: 26722919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach to precision NMR with hyperpolarized gases designed to mitigate NMR shifts due to the alkali spin-exchange field. The NMR bias field is implemented as a sequence of alkali (Rb) 2π pulses, allowing the Rb polarization to be optically pumped transverse to the bias field. When the Rb polarization is modulated at the noble-gas (Xe) NMR resonance, spin-exchange collisions buildup a precessing transverse Xe polarization. We study and mitigate novel NMR broadening effects due to the oscillating spin-exchange field. Spin-exchange frequency shifts are suppressed 2500×, and Rb magnetometer gain measurements project photon shot-noise limited NMR frequency uncertainties below 10 nHz/sqrt[Hz].
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Affiliation(s)
- A Korver
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Thrasher
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Bulatowicz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T G Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Abstract
Imaging has played a vital role in the clinical assessment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) since its first recognition. In this review, how chest radiograph, computerized tomography (CT), nuclear medicine, and MRI have contributed to the understanding of BPD pathology and how emerging advancements in these methods, including low-dose and quantitative CT, sophisticated proton and hyperpolarized-gas MRI, influence the future of BPD imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Walkup
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 42229, USA
| | - Jason C Woods
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology, Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MC 5033, Cincinnati, OH 42229, USA.
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Walkup LL, Woods JC. Advances in Imaging Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2015; 28:220-229. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2015.0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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50
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Walkup LL, Tkach JA, Higano NS, Thomen RP, Fain SB, Merhar SL, Fleck RJ, Amin RS, Woods JC. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:1215-22. [PMID: 26186608 PMCID: PMC4731620 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0552oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent yet poorly characterized pulmonary complication of premature birth; the current definition is based solely on oxygen dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age without objective measurements of structural abnormalities across disease severity. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can spatially resolve and quantify the structural abnormalities of the neonatal lung parenchyma associated with premature birth. METHODS Using a unique, small-footprint, 1.5-T MRI scanner within our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), diagnostic-quality MRIs using commercially available sequences (gradient echo and spin echo) were acquired during quiet breathing in six patients with BPD, six premature patients without diagnosed BPD, and six full-term NICU patients (gestational ages, 23-39 wk) at near term-equivalent age, without administration of sedation or intravenous contrast. Images were scored by a radiologist using a modified Ochiai score, and volumes of high- and low-signal intensity lung parenchyma were quantified by segmentation and threshold analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Signal increases, putatively combinations of fibrosis, edema, and atelectasis, were present in all premature infants. Infants with diagnosed BPD had significantly greater volume of high-signal lung (mean ± SD, 26.1 ± 13.8%) compared with full-term infants (7.3 ± 8.2%; P = 0.020) and premature infants without BPD (8.2 ± 6.4%; P = 0.026). Signal decreases, presumably alveolar simplification, only appeared in the most severe BPD cases, although cystic appearance did increase with severity. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary MRI reveals quantifiable, significant differences between patients with BPD, premature patients without BPD, and full-term control subjects. These methods could be implemented to individually phenotype disease, which may impact clinical care and predict future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology
| | | | - Nara S. Higano
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Sean B. Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Raouf S. Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Radiology
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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