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Pagliari S, Domínguez‐Rodríguez G, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Labra M, Campone L. Pressurized liquid extraction of glucosinolates from Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz by-products: Process optimization and biological activities of green extract. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101324. [PMID: 38590634 PMCID: PMC10999800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is rapidly increasing due to oil production resulting in a substantial volume of by-products, which still have an interesting composition in secondary metabolites, especially glucosinolates. Therefore, a green extraction procedure of glucosinolates by Pressurised Liquid Extraction was developed and optimized using a chemometric approach. Furthermore, the glucosinolates were purified by solid phase extraction, and a preliminary study on bioaccessibility and bioavailability study was carried out to evaluate the resistance of the glucosinolates to the digestive process. The application of pressurised liquid extraction to the recovery of glucosinolates from camelina sativa by-product, is a green, automatic, and rapid method, representing a valid alternative to conventional extraction method to obtain ingredients for food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Domínguez‐Rodríguez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Polozsányi Z, Galádová H, Kaliňák M, Jopčík M, Kaliňáková B, Breier A, Šimkovič M. The Antimicrobial Effects of Myrosinase Hydrolysis Products Derived from Glucosinolates Isolated from Lepidium draba. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:995. [PMID: 38611524 PMCID: PMC11013450 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lepidium draba (hoary cress) is a perennial plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family that produces two dominant glucosinolates (GLSs): glucoraphanin (GRN) and sinalbin (SBN). They represent the stored form, which is converted upon the myrosinase (Myr) hydrolysis activity to active compounds, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) or p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (pHBITC). Research on ITCs that have proven anticancer, antimicrobial, and chemoprotective properties is usually conducted with pure commercially available compounds. However, these are chemically reactive, making it difficult to use them directly for preventive purposes in dietary supplements. Efforts are currently being made to prepare dietary supplements enriched with GLS and/or Myr. In this study, we report a simple but efficient chromatographic procedure for the isolation and purification of GLSs from MeOH extract from hoary cress based on a combination of ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex LH-20. To obtain the Myr required for efficient hydrolysis of GLSs into antibacterial ITCs, we developed a rapid method for its extraction from the seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress). The yields of GLSs were 22.9 ± 1.2 mg GRN (purity 96%) and 10.4 ± 1.1 mg SBN (purity 92%) from 1 g of dry plant material. Both purified GLSs were used as substrates for the Myr. Analysis of the composition of hydrolysis products (HPs) revealed differences in their hydrolysis rates and in the degree of conversion from GLSs to individual ITCs catalyzed by Myr. When GRNs were cleaved, SFNs were formed in an equimolar ratio, but the formation of pHBITCs was only half that of cleaved SBNs. The decrease in pHBITC content is due to its instability compared to SFN. While SFN is stable in aqueous media during the measurement, pHBITC undergoes non-enzymatic hydrolysis to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and thiocyanate ions. Testing of the antimicrobial effects of the HPs formed from GRN by Myr under premix or in situ conditions showed inhibition of the growth of model prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. This observation could serve as the jumping-off point for the design of a two-component mixture, based on purified GLSs and Myr that is, usable in food or the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Polozsányi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Galádová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kaliňák
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Jopčík
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 969, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kaliňáková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šimkovič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zheng S, Szymański J, Shahaf N, Malitsky S, Meir S, Wang X, Aharoni A, Rogachev I. Metabolic diversity in a collection of wild and cultivated Brassica rapa subspecies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953189. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and its subspecies contain many bioactive metabolites that are important for plant defense and human health. This study aimed at investigating the metabolite composition and variation among a large collection of B. rapa genotypes, including subspecies and their accessions. Metabolite profiling of leaves of 102 B. rapa genotypes was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS). In total, 346 metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified; 36 out of them were assigned with high confidence using authentic standards and 184 were those reported in B. rapa leaves for the first time. The accumulation and variation of metabolites among genotypes were characterized and compared to their phylogenetic distance. We found 47 metabolites, mostly representing anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives that displayed a significant correlation to the phylogenetic relatedness and determined four major phylometabolic branches; 1) Chinese cabbage, 2) yellow sarson and rapid cycling, 3) the mizuna-komatsuna-turnip-caitai; and 4) a mixed cluster. These metabolites denote the selective pressure on the metabolic network during B. rapa breeding. We present a unique study that combines metabolite profiling data with phylogenetic analysis in a large collection of B. rapa subspecies. We showed how selective breeding utilizes the biochemical potential of wild B. rapa leading to highly diverse metabolic phenotypes. Our work provides the basis for further studies on B. rapa metabolism and nutritional traits improvement.
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yu X. Influence of roasting on the thermal degradation pathway in the glucosinolates of fragrant rapeseed oil: Implications to flavour profiles. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Zhang M, Chen P, Harnly JM, Sun J. Mass Spectrometry-Based Nontargeted and Targeted Analytical Approaches in Fingerprinting and Metabolomics of Food and Agricultural Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11138-11153. [PMID: 35998657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have been extensively applied in food and agricultural research. This review aims to address the advances and applications of MS-based analytical strategies in nontargeted and targeted analysis and summarizes the recent publications of MS-based techniques, including flow injection MS fingerprinting, chromatography-tandem MS metabolomics, direct analysis using ambient mass spectrometry, as well as development in MS data deconvolution software packages and databases for metabolomic studies. Various nontargeted and targeted approaches are employed in marker compounds identification, material adulteration detection, and the analysis of specific classes of secondary metabolites. In the newly emerged applications, the recent advances in computer tools for the fast deconvolution of MS data in targeted secondary metabolite analysis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - James M Harnly
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- United States Department of Agriculture, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Morya S, Menaa F, Jiménez-López C, Lourenço-Lopes C, BinMowyna MN, Alqahtani A. Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Behavior of Bioactive Compounds of Miracle Oilseeds: An Overview. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131824. [PMID: 35804639 PMCID: PMC9265468 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
India plays an important role in the production of oilseeds, which are mainly cultivated for future extraction of their oil. In addition to the energic and nutritional contribution of these seeds, oilseeds are rich sources of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, proteins, minerals). A regular and moderate dietary supplementation of oilseeds promotes health, prevents the appearance of certain diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers) and delays the aging process. Due to their relevant content in nutraceutical molecules, oilseeds and some of their associated processing wastes have raised interest in food and pharmaceutical industries searching for innovative products whose application provides health benefits to consumers. Furthermore, a circular economy approach could be considered regarding the re-use of oilseeds’ processing waste. The present article highlights the different oilseed types, the oilseeds-derived bioactive compounds as well as the health benefits associated with their consumption. In addition, the different types of extractive techniques that can be used to obtain vegetable oils rich from oilseeds, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), are reported. We conclude that the development and improvement of oilseed markets and their byproducts could offer even more health benefits in the future, when added to other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Morya
- Department of Food Technology & Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Punjab 144001, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation (Fluorotronics-CIC), San Diego 92037, CA, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain;
| | | | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
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Loizzo MR, Napolitano A, Bruno M, Geraci A, Schicchi R, Leporini M, Tundis R, Piacente S. LC-ESI/HRMS analysis of glucosinolates, oxylipins and phenols in Italian rocket salad (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (L.) DC.) and evaluation of its healthy potential. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5872-5879. [PMID: 33788976 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the chemical profile and biological activity of Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) collected in Sicily (Italy). RESULTS Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/HRMS) analysis of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of 42 compounds - glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and oxylipins. The extract was tested for its antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests. Promising protection from lipid peroxidation was observed after 30 min of incubation in a β-carotene bleaching test (IC50 of 3.32 μg mL-1 ). The inhibition of carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes resulted in IC50 values of 85.18 and 92.36 μg mL-1 for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Significant inhibition against lipase enzyme was observed (IC50 of 61.27 μg mL-1 ). CONCLUSION Diplotaxis erucoides can be considered a potential source of antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Geraci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Schicchi
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences (SAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Lenzi RM, Campestrini LH, Semprebon SC, Paschoal JAR, Silva MAG, Zawadzki-Baggio SF, Mantovani MS, Petkowicz CLO, Maurer JBB. Glucosinolate-Enriched Fractions from Maca ( Lepidium meyenii) Exert Myrosinase-Dependent Cytotoxic Effects against HepG2/C3A and HT29 Tumor Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1322-1337. [PMID: 34282687 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of glucosinolate (GL)-rich foods, including Brassica vegetables, such as mustard, broccoli, and maca, is associated with decreased risk of developing cancer. The GL content in maca, which is recognized as a "superfood", is approximately 100-times higher than that in other brassicas. Although maca is a potential dietary source of GLs, limited studies have examined the bioactivity of maca GLs using the combination of chemical characterization and bioassays. In this study, the fractions (Lm-II and Lm-III) rich in intact GLs (glucotropaeolin and glucolimnanthin) were isolated and characterized from maca ethanolic extracts using chromatography and mass spectrometry. Additionally, the growth-inhibitory effects of Lm-II and Lm-II fractions against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines were examined in the absence or presence of myrosinase (MYR). Fractions lacking low molecular weight sugars dose-dependently exerted cytotoxic effects in the presence of MYR. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of Lm-II and Lm-III against HepG2/C3A were 118.8 and 69.9 µg/mL, respectively, while those against HT29 were 102.6 and 71.5 µg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the anticancer properties of maca can be attributed to GLs and corroborate the categorization of maca as a "superfood."Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1952444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquely M Lenzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano H Campestrini
- Edible Mushroom Cultivation Laboratory, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Simone C Semprebon
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Jonas A R Paschoal
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique A G Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Selma F Zawadzki-Baggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário S Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carmen L O Petkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana B B Maurer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Analytical Methods for Quantification and Identification of Intact Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis Roots Using LC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010047. [PMID: 33440694 PMCID: PMC7826904 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are biologically active secondary metabolites in Brassicaceae plants that play a critical role in positive and negative interactions between plants and root-associated microbial communities. The aim of this study was to develop a reversed-phase liquid chromatography method to quantify and identify intact glucosinolates in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) grown in non-sterile natural soil by using liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadruple-linear ion trap (LC-QqQ(LIT)) mass spectrometry. The Synergi Fusion C18-based column was found to be effective for sufficient retention and separation of nine intact glucosinolates without the need for time-consuming desulfation or ion-pairing steps. Method validation results showed satisfactory inter-day and intra-day precision for all glucosinolates except for 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Good inter-day and intra-day accuracy and recovery results were observed for glucoiberin, gluconapin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin. However, for 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucoraphanin and glucoerucin corrections to quantification results might be necessary since the recovery and accuracy results were not optimal. Matrix effects were shown to have a negligible effect on the ionization of all target analytes. The established liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was applied to quantify target intact glucosinolates in Arabidopsis root crude extract of four different wild-type accessions where differences in terms of concentration and composition of intact glucosinolates were observed. Employment of sensitive and selective precursor ion survey scan of m/z 97 in combination with the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) of the enhanced product ion (EPI) dependent scan (Prec97-IDA-EPI) using LC-QqQ(LIT) provided high confidence in structural characterization of diverse intact glucosinolate profiles in complex Arabidopsis root crude extract.
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Guo Q, Sun Y, Tang Q, Zhang H, Cheng Z. Isolation, identification, biological estimation, and profiling of glucosinolates in Isatis indigotica roots. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1780605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhi Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Shanghai Edible Fungi Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Román J, González D, Inostroza-Ponta M, Mahn A. Molecular Modeling of Epithiospecifier and Nitrile-Specifier Proteins of Broccoli and Their Interaction with Aglycones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040772. [PMID: 32054008 PMCID: PMC7071048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites of Brassicaceae. They exert their effect after enzymatic hydrolysis to yield aglycones, which become nitriles and epithionitriles through the action of epithiospecifier (ESP) and nitrile-specifier proteins (NSP). The mechanism of action of broccoli ESP and NSP is poorly understood mainly because ESP and NSP structures have not been completely characterized and because aglycones are unstable, thus hindering experimental measurements. The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of broccoli ESP and NSP with the aglycones derived from broccoli glucosinolates using molecular simulations. The three-dimensional structure of broccoli ESP was built based on its amino-acid sequence, and the NSP structure was constructed based on a consensus amino-acid sequence. The models obtained using Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) were refined with the OPLS-AA/L all atom force field of GROMACS 5.0.7 and were validated by Veryfy3D and ERRAT. The structures were selected based on molecular dynamics simulations. Interactions between the proteins and aglycones were simulated with Autodock Vina at different pH. It was concluded that pH determines the stability of the complexes and that the aglycone derived from glucoraphanin has the highest affinity to both ESP and NSP. This agrees with the fact that glucoraphanin is the most abundant glucosinolate in broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Román
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Dorian González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Mario Inostroza-Ponta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2718-1833
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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13
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Andini S, Dekker P, Gruppen H, Araya-Cloutier C, Vincken JP. Modulation of Glucosinolate Composition in Brassicaceae Seeds by Germination and Fungal Elicitation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12770-12779. [PMID: 31652052 PMCID: PMC6873265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are of interest for potential antimicrobial activity of their degradation products and exclusive presence in Brassicaceae. Compositional changes of aliphatic, benzenic, and indolic GSLs of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, and B. juncea seeds by germination and fungal elicitation were studied. Rhizopus oryzae (nonpathogenic), Fusarium graminearum (nonpathogenic), and F. oxysporum (pathogenic) were employed. Thirty-one GSLs were detected by reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array with in-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn). Aromatic-acylated derivatives of 3-butenyl GSL, p-hydroxybenzyl GSL, and indol-3-ylmethyl GSL were for the first time tentatively annotated and confirmed to be not artifacts. For S. alba, germination, Rhizopus elicitation, and F. graminearum elicitation increased total GSL content, mainly consisting of p-hydroxybenzyl GSL, by 2-3 fold. For B. napus and B. juncea, total GSL content was unaffected by germination or elicitation. In all treatments, aliphatic GSL content was decreased (≥50%) in B. napus and remained unchanged in B. juncea. Indolic GSLs were induced in all species by germination and nonpathogenic elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andini
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Pieter Dekker
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Phone: +31
317 482234. E-mail:
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14
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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15
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Lechtenberg M, Hensel A. Determination of glucosinolates in broccoli-based dietary supplements by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary zone electrophoresis. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Mitsiogianni M, Koutsidis G, Mavroudis N, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Amery T, Galanis A, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The Role of Isothiocyanates as Cancer Chemo-Preventive, Chemo-Therapeutic and Anti-Melanoma Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E106. [PMID: 31003534 PMCID: PMC6523696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown evidence in support of the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases, including cancer. Among such phytochemicals, sulphur-containing compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates (ITCs)) have raised scientific interest by exerting unique chemo-preventive properties against cancer pathogenesis. ITCs are the major biologically active compounds capable of mediating the anticancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Recently, many studies have shown that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of developing various forms of cancers primarily due to a plurality of effects, including (i) metabolic activation and detoxification, (ii) inflammation, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) metastasis and (v) regulation of the epigenetic machinery. In the context of human malignant melanoma, a number of studies suggest that ITCs can cause cell cycle growth arrest and also induce apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. On such basis, ITCs could serve as promising chemo-therapeutic agents that could be used in the clinical setting to potentiate the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Nikos Mavroudis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotiris Botaitis
- Second Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Vasilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watrercress Company / The Wasabi Company, Waddock, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8QY, UK.
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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17
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Arumugam A, Abdull Razis AF. Apoptosis as a Mechanism of the Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Glucosinolates: a Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1439-1448. [PMID: 29936713 PMCID: PMC6103590 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.6.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are a rich source of glucosinolates that have established anti-carcinogenic activity. Naturally-occurring glucosinolates and their derivative isothiocyanates (ITCs), generated as a result of their enzymatic degradation catalysed by myrosinase, have been linked to low cancer incidence in epidemiological studies, and in animal models isothiocyanates suppressed chemically-induced tumorigenesis. The prospective effect of isothiocyanates as anti-carcinogenic agent has been much explored as cytotoxic against wide array of cancer cell lines and being explored for the development of new anticancer drugs. However, the mechanisms of isothiocyanates in inducing apoptosis against tumor cell lines are still largely disregarded. A number of mechanisms are believed to be involved in the glucosinolate-induced suppression of carcinogenesis, including the induction of apoptosis, biotransformation of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, alteration of caspase activity, angiogenesis, histone deacytylation and cell cycle arrest. The molecular mechanisms through which isothiocyanates stimulate apoptosis in cancer cell lines have not so far been clearly defined. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms through which isothiocyanates modify the apoptotic pathway leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asvinidevi Arumugam
- Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Di Gioia F, Avato P, Serio F, Argentieri MP. Glucosinolate profile of Eruca sativa, Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Diplotaxis erucoides grown in soil and soilless systems. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Szűcs Z, Plaszkó T, Cziáky Z, Kiss-Szikszai A, Emri T, Bertóti R, Sinka LT, Vasas G, Gonda S. Endophytic fungi from the roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and their interactions with the defensive metabolites of the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:85. [PMID: 29743024 PMCID: PMC5944135 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of plants is heavily influenced by the intensively researched plant microbiome. The microbiome has to cope with the plant's defensive secondary metabolites to survive and develop, but studies that describe this interaction are rare. In the current study, we describe interactions of endophytic fungi with a widely researched chemical defense system, the glucosinolate - myrosinase - isothiocyanate system. The antifungal isothiocyanates are also of special interest because of their beneficial effects on human consumers. RESULTS Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana), from the genera Fusarium, Macrophomina, Setophoma, Paraphoma and Oidiodendron. LC-ESI-MS analysis of the horseradish extract incubated with these fungi showed that six of seven strains could decompose different classes of glucosinolates. Aliphatic, aromatic, thiomethylalkyl and indolic glucosinolates were decomposed by different strains at different rates. SPME-GC-MS measurements showed that two strains released significant amounts of allyl isothiocyanate into the surrounding air, but allyl nitrile was not detected. The LC-ESI-MS analysis of many strains' media showed the presence of allyl isothiocyanate - glutathione conjugate during the decomposition of sinigrin. Four endophytic strains also accepted sinigrin as the sole carbon source. Isothiocyanates inhibited the growth of fungi at various concentrations, phenylethyl isothiocyanate was more potent than allyl isothiocyanate (mean IC50 was 2.30-fold lower). As a control group, ten soil fungi from the same soil were used. They decomposed glucosinolates with lower overall efficiency: six of ten strains had insignificant or weak activities and only three could use sinigrin as a carbon source. The soil fungi also showed lower AITC tolerance in the growth inhibition assay: the median IC50 values were 0.1925 mM for endophytes and 0.0899 mM for soil fungi. CONCLUSIONS The host's glucosinolates can be used by the tested endophytic fungi as nutrients or to gain competitive advantage over less tolerant species. These activities were much less apparent among the soil fungi. This suggests that the endophytes show adaptation to the host plant's secondary metabolites and that host metabolite specific activities are enriched in the root microbiome. The results present background mechanisms enabling an understanding of how plants shape their microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szűcs
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
| | - Tamás Plaszkó
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/b, Nyíregyháza, H-4400 Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
| | - Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085 Hungary
| | - László Tamás Sinka
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói str. 31/b, Nyíregyháza, H-4400 Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4010 Hungary
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20
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Singh J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Rapid and Efficient Desulfonation Method for the Analysis of Glucosinolates by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11100-11108. [PMID: 29161816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our present research was to develop a simple and rapid method for the quantitation of desulfoglucosinolates (desulfoGLS) without using column chromatography. The proposed method involves extraction, concentration, incubation of glucosinolates with a sulfatase enzyme, and HPLC analysis. Identification of desulfoGLS in green kohlrabi was performed by LC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS in positive-ionization mode. A total of 11 desulfoGLS were identified with neoglucobrassicin (3.32 ± 0.05 μmol/g DW) as the predominant indolyl, whereas progoitrin and sinigrin were the major aliphatic desulfoGLS. The levels of the aliphatic desulfoGLS glucoiberin, progoitrin, and glucoerucin at 7 h were found to be 3.6-, 1.9-, and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, than those produced through the conventional method. This technique was successfully applied in the identification of desulfoGLS from cabbage. The developed method has fewer unit operations, has maximum recovery, and is reproducible in the determination of desulfoGLS in a large number of Brassicaceae samples in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University , 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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21
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Prasain JK, Wilson LS, Arabshahi A, Grubbs C, Barnes S. Mass spectrometric evidence for the modification of small molecules in a cobalt-60-irradiated rodent diet. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:507-516. [PMID: 28544323 PMCID: PMC5544575 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of radiation on the content of animal diet constituents using global metabolomics. Aqueous methanolic extracts of control and cobalt-60-irradiated Teklad 7001 diets were comprehensively analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography-MS/MS. Among the over 2000 ions revealed by XCMS followed by data preprocessing, 94 positive and 143 negative metabolite ions had greater than 1.5-fold changes and p-values <0.01. Use of MetaboAnalyst statistical software demonstrated complete separation of the irradiated and non-radiated diets in unsupervised principal components analysis and supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis. Irradiation led to an increase in the content of phytochemicals such as glucosinolates and oxidized lipids in the diet. Twenty-eight metabolites that were significantly changed in the irradiated samples were putatively identified at the level of molecular formulae by MS/MS. MS/MSALL analysis of chloroform-methanol extracts of the irradiated diet showed increased levels of a number of unique linoleic acid-derived branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids. These data imply that gamma irradiation of animal diets causes chemical changes to dietary components, which in turn may influence the risk of mammary cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan K. Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Alireza Arabshahi
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Clinton Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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22
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Maldini M, Foddai M, Natella F, Petretto GL, Rourke JP, Chessa M, Pintore G. Identification and quantification of glucosinolates in different tissues of Raphanus raphanistrum by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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24
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Sun J, Zhang M, Chen P. GLS-Finder: A Platform for Fast Profiling of Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4407-4415. [PMID: 27181885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry combined with related tandem techniques has become the most popular method for plant secondary metabolite characterization. We introduce a new strategy based on in-database searching, mass fragmentation behavior study, formula predicting for fast profiling of glucosinolates, a class of important compounds in brassica vegetables. A MATLAB script-based expert system computer program, "GLS-Finder", was developed. It is capable of qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of glucosinolates in samples using data generated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass with multi-stage mass fragmentation (UHPLC-HRAM/MS(n)). A suite of bioinformatic tools was integrated into the "GLS-Finder" to perform raw data deconvolution, peak alignment, glucosinolate putative assignments, semi-quantitation, and unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA). GLS-Finder was successfully applied to identify intact glucosinolates in 49 commonly consumed Brassica vegetable samples in the United States. It is believed that this work introduces a new way of fast data processing and interpretation for qualitative and quantitative analyses of glucosinolates, where great efficacy was improved in comparison to identification manually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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25
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Bulgakov VP, Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Rybin VG, Shkryl YN. The rolB gene activates secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis calli via selective activation of genes encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 102:70-79. [PMID: 26913794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes increases the production of secondary metabolites in transformed plant cells, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that rolB expression in Arabidopsis thaliana calli led to the activation of most genes encoding secondary metabolism-specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB11, MYB12, MYB28, MYB76, MYB34, MYB51, MYB122, TT2 and TT8. Accordingly, a higher transcript abundance of main biosynthetic genes related to these factors was detected. The rolB-transformed calli produced 3-fold higher levels of indolic glucosinolates (GSs) compared with normal calli but did not produce secondary metabolites from other groups. Enhanced accumulation of indolic GSs was caused by activation of MYB34, MYB51 and MYB122, and the absence of aliphatic GSs in transformed calli was caused by the inability of rolB to induce MYB29. The inability of rolB-calli to produce flavonoids was caused by the lack of MYB111 expression, induced by the rolB-mediated conversion of MYB expression from cotyledon-specific to root-specific patterns. The high specificity of rolB on secondary metabolism-specific TFs was demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - Galina N Veremeichik
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valeria P Grigorchuk
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Viacheslav G Rybin
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok 690059, Russia
| | - Yuri N Shkryl
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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26
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Hamed AI, Said RB, Kontek B, Al-Ayed AS, Kowalczyk M, Moldoch J, Stochmal A, Olas B. LC-ESI-MS/MS profile of phenolic and glucosinolate compounds in samh flour (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst. ex Boiss) and the inhibition of oxidative stress by these compounds in human plasma. Food Res Int 2016; 85:282-290. [PMID: 29544846 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Samh flour (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei) is a foodstuff with high protein content, which can be used as a replacement for wheat flour. It is often consumed by Bedouin tribes of northern Saudi Arabia. Very little is known about bioactive molecules present in samh flour, therefore we analyzed its extracts to evaluate the contents of secondary metabolites. A total of 43 secondary metabolites present in 60% MeOH extract of samh flour were tentatively identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS. These compounds represented five major categories: glucosinolates, sinapic acid and sinapoylglycosides, acylated flavonoids, flavonoids, and amide derivatives. Their effect on oxidative damage of proteins and lipids was determined in vitro by assessing levels of protein thiol groups and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in human plasma. Obtained results indicated that samh flour is a rich source of compounds with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafa I Hamed
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ridha Ben Said
- Unité Physico Chimie des Matériaux Condensés-UR11ES19, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université, Tunis El Manar Campus Universitaire, MANAR II, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bogdan Kontek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abdullah S Al-Ayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Moldoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Aphids Pick Their Poison: Selective Sequestration of Plant Chemicals Affects Host Plant Use in a Specialist Herbivore. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:956-64. [PMID: 26411571 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In some plant-insect interactions, specialist herbivores exploit the chemical defenses of their food plant to their own advantage. Brassica plants produce glucosinolates that are broken down into defensive toxins when tissue is damaged, but the specialist aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, uses these chemicals against its own natural enemies by becoming a "walking mustard-oil bomb". Analysis of glucosinolate concentrations in plant tissue and associated aphid colonies reveals that not only do aphids sequester glucosinolates, but they do so selectively. Aphids specifically accumulate sinigrin to high concentrations while preferentially excreting a structurally similar glucosinolate, progoitrin. Surveys of aphid infestation in wild populations of Brassica oleracea show that this pattern of sequestration and excretion maps onto host plant use. The probability of aphid infestation decreases with increasing concentrations of progoitrin in plants. Brassica brassicae, therefore, appear to select among food plants according to plant secondary metabolite profiles, and selectively store only some compounds that are used against their own enemies. The results demonstrate chemical and behavioral mechanisms that help to explain evidence of geographic patterns and evolutionary dynamics in Brassica-aphid interactions.
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28
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Agerbirk N, Olsen CE, Heimes C, Christensen S, Bak S, Hauser TP. Multiple hydroxyphenethyl glucosinolate isomers and their tandem mass spectrometric distinction in a geographically structured polymorphism in the crucifer Barbarea vulgaris. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 115:130-142. [PMID: 25277803 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct glucosinolate (GSL) chemotypes (P and G-types) of Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) were known from southern Scandinavia, but whether the types were consistent in a wider geographic area was not known. Populations (26) from Eastern and Central Europe were analyzed for GSLs in order to investigate whether the two types were consistent in this area. Most (21) could be attributed to one of the previously described GSL profile types, the P-type (13 populations) and the G-type (8 populations), based on differences in the stereochemistry of 2-hydroxylation, presence or absence of phenolic glucobarbarin derivatives, and qualitative differences in indole GSL decoration (tested for a subset of 8+6 populations only). The distinction agreed with previous molecular genetic analysis of the same individuals. Geographically, the P-type typically occurred in Eastern Europe while the G-type mainly occurred in Central Europe. Of the remaining five populations, minor deviations were observed in some individuals from two populations genetically assigned to the G-type, and a hybrid population from Finland contained an additional dihydroxyphenethyl GSL isomer attributed to a combinatorial effect of P-type and G-type genes. Major exceptions to the typical GSL profiles were observed in two populations: (1) A G-type population from Slovenia deviated by a high frequency of a known variant in glucobarbarin biosynthesis ('NAS form') co-occurring with usual G-type individuals. (2) A population from Caucasus exhibited a highly deviating GSL profile dominated by p-hydroxyphenethyl GSL that was insignificant in other accessions, as well as two GSLs investigated by NMR, m-hydroxyphenethylGSL and a partially identified m,p disubstituted hydroxy-methoxy derivative of phenethylGSL. Tandem HPLC-MS of seven NMR-identified desulfoGSLs was carried out and interpreted for increased certainty in peak identification and as a tool for partial structure elucidation. The distinct, geographically separated chemotypes and rare variants are discussed in relation to future taxonomic revision and the genetics and ecology of GSLs in B. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christine Heimes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stina Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thure P Hauser
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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29
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Dima O, Morreel K, Vanholme B, Kim H, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Small glycosylated lignin oligomers are stored in Arabidopsis leaf vacuoles. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:695-710. [PMID: 25700483 PMCID: PMC4558659 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic polymer derived from the combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals in the cell wall. Recently, various glycosylated lignin oligomers have been revealed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Given that monolignol oxidation and monolignol radical coupling are known to occur in the apoplast, and glycosylation in the cytoplasm, it raises questions about the subcellular localization of glycosylated lignin oligomer biosynthesis and their storage. By metabolite profiling of Arabidopsis leaf vacuoles, we show that the leaf vacuole stores a large number of these small glycosylated lignin oligomers. Their structural variety and the incorporation of alternative monomers, as observed in Arabidopsis mutants with altered monolignol biosynthesis, indicate that they are all formed by combinatorial radical coupling. In contrast to the common believe that combinatorial coupling is restricted to the apoplast, we hypothesized that the aglycones of these compounds are made within the cell. To investigate this, leaf protoplast cultures were cofed with 13C6-labeled coniferyl alcohol and a 13C4-labeled dimer of coniferyl alcohol. Metabolite profiling of the cofed protoplasts provided strong support for the occurrence of intracellular monolignol coupling. We therefore propose a metabolic pathway involving intracellular combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals, followed by oligomer glycosylation and vacuolar import, which shares characteristics with both lignin and lignan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Dima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biological Systems Engineering, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - John Ralph
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biological Systems Engineering, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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Sun J, Kou L, Geng P, Huang H, Yang T, Luo Y, Chen P. Metabolomic assessment reveals an elevated level of glucosinolate content in CaCl₂ treated broccoli microgreens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1863-8. [PMID: 25594226 DOI: 10.1021/jf504710r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest calcium application has been shown to increase broccoli microgreen yield and extend shelf life. In this study, we investigated the effect of calcium application on its metabolome using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The data collected were analyzed using principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structural discriminate analysis. Chemical composition comparison shows that glucosinolates, a very important group of phytochemicals, are the major compounds enhanced by preharvest treatment with 10 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2). Aliphatic glucosinolates (glucoerucin, glucoiberin, glucoiberverin, glucoraphanin, pentyl glucosinolate, and hexyl glucosinolate) and indolic glucosinolates (glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin) were increased significantly in the CaCl2 treated microgreens using metabolomic approaches. Targeted glucosinolate analysis using the ISO 9167-1 method was further employed to confirm the findings. Results indicate that glucosinolates can be considered as a class of compounds that are responsible for the difference between two groups and a higher glucosinolate level was found in CaCl2 treated groups at each time point after harvest in comparison with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Sun
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, and §Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Food Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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31
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Sinigrin and sinalbin quantification in mustard seed using high performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Prchalová J, Kovařík F, Ševčík R, Čížková H, Rajchl A. Characterization of mustard seeds and paste by DART ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:811-818. [PMID: 25230177 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) is a novel technique with great potential for rapid screening analysis. The DART ionization method coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has been used for characterization of mustard seeds and table mustard. The possibility to use DART to analyse glucosinolates was confirmed on determination of sinalbin (4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate). The DART-TOF-MS method was optimized and validated. A set of samples of mustard seeds and mustard products was analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography and DART-TOF-MS were used to determine glucosinolates in mustard seeds and compared. The correlation equation between these methods was DART = 0.797*HPLC + 6.987, R(2) = 0.972. The DART technique seems to be a suitable method for evaluation of the quality of mustard seeds and mustard products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Prchalová
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Department of Food Preservation, Prague
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33
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Lin LZ, Sun J, Chen P, Zhang RW, Fan XE, Li LW, Harnly JM. Profiling of glucosinolates and flavonoids in Rorippa indica (Linn.) Hiern. (Cruciferae) by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS(n). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6118-29. [PMID: 24893216 PMCID: PMC4082396 DOI: 10.1021/jf405538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS(n) profiling method was used to identify the glucosinolates and flavonoids of Rorippa indica (Cruciferae), a wild vegetable and Chinese herb used to treat cough, diarrhea, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty-three glucosinolates, more than 40 flavonol glycosides, and 18 other phenolic and common organic compounds were identified. The glucosinolates and polyphenols were separated by UHPLC. High-resolution deprotonated molecules provided high accuracy mass values that were used to determine formulas and provide putative identification of the glucosinolates and flavonoids. The fragments from multistage mass spectrometry were used to elucidate the structures. The concentrations of the main components were based on UV peak areas and molar relative response factors with a single calibration standard. This study found this plant to be a rich source for glucosinolates, containing 24 new glucosinolates, including 14 glucosylated glucosinolates that were previously unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United
States
- (L.-Z.L.) Phone: (301) 504-9136. Fax: (301) 504-8314. E-mail:
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United
States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United
States
| | - Ren-Wei Zhang
- Longjin Pharmaceutical
Company, Ltd., Wujiadui News Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, China
| | - Xiao-E Fan
- Longjin Pharmaceutical
Company, Ltd., Wujiadui News Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, China
| | - Lai-Wei Li
- Longjin Pharmaceutical
Company, Ltd., Wujiadui News Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650228, China
| | - James M. Harnly
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United
States
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34
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Bianco G, Agerbirk N, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Acylated glucosinolates with diverse acyl groups investigated by high resolution mass spectrometry and infrared multiphoton dissociation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 100:92-102. [PMID: 24512839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing a procedure for detecting and identifying intact acylated glucosinolates (a-GLSs) found in trace quantities in natural plant samples, extracts of Barbarea vulgaris seeds were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI FTICR MS). After a preliminary optimization of fragmentation conditions, based on a non-acylated parent glucosinolate (glucobarbarin) and three previously identified a-GLSs (the 6'-isoferuloyl esters of glucobarbarin, gluconasturtiin and glucobrassicin), infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) was employed for a tandem MS-based elucidation of the molecular structures of novel a-GLSs. As a result, three acylated derivatives of glucobarbarin, esterified at the thioglucose moiety with a coumaric acid isomer, sinapic acid or an isomer and a dimethoxycinnamic acid isomer, were identified. In addition, a further acylated glucosinolate was tentatively identified as the isoferuloyl ester of an unidentified hydroxylic derivative of glucobarbarin. This is the first demonstration of diversity in the acyl moieties of thioglucose-acylated glucosinolates, which may reflect the substrate specificity of the endogenous acyl transferase. As expected, 6'-isoferuloyl-glucobarbarin was detected as the main acylated GLS in extracts of B. vulgaris seeds. A quantitative estimate suggested that non-isoferuloyl substituted glucobarbarins correspond to ca. 0.026% of the level of 6'-isoferuloyl glucobarbarin. The formation of an uncommon distonic radical anion, most likely generated in the gas phase upon methyl radical (CH3·) loss from the isoferuloyl anion, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze & Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Attrezzature Scientifiche (CIGAS), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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35
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Morreel K, Saeys Y, Dima O, Lu F, Van de Peer Y, Vanholme R, Ralph J, Vanholme B, Boerjan W. Systematic structural characterization of metabolites in Arabidopsis via candidate substrate-product pair networks. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:929-45. [PMID: 24685999 PMCID: PMC4001402 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics is increasingly used for pathway discovery and to elucidate gene function. However, the main bottleneck is the identification of the detected compounds. This is more pronounced for secondary metabolites as many of their pathways are still underexplored. Here, an algorithm is presented in which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles are searched for pairs of peaks that have mass and retention time differences corresponding with those of substrates and products from well-known enzymatic reactions. Concatenating the latter peak pairs, called candidate substrate-product pairs (CSPP), into a network displays tentative (bio)synthetic routes. Starting from known peaks, propagating the network along these routes allows the characterization of adjacent peaks leading to their structure prediction. As a proof-of-principle, this high-throughput cheminformatics procedure was applied to the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf metabolome where it allowed the characterization of the structures of 60% of the profiled compounds. Moreover, based on searches in the Chemical Abstract Service database, the algorithm led to the characterization of 61 compounds that had never been described in plants before. The CSPP-based annotation was confirmed by independent MS(n) experiments. In addition to being high throughput, this method allows the annotation of low-abundance compounds that are otherwise not amenable to isolation and purification. This method will greatly advance the value of metabolomics in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address correspondence to
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oana Dima
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Bianco G, Lelario F, Battista FG, Bufo SA, Cataldi TRI. Identification of glucosinolates in capers by LC-ESI-hybrid linear ion trap with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-LTQ-FTICR MS) and infrared multiphoton dissociation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1160-1169. [PMID: 22972784 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization in negative ion mode coupled with a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer was applied to characterize of intact glucosinolates (GLSs) in crude sample extracts of wild bud flowers of Capparis spinosa (Capparis species, family Capparaceae). Structural information of GLSs was obtained upon precursor ions' isolation within the FTICR trapping cell and subsequent fragmentation induced by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). Such a fragmentation was found very useful in terms of chemical identification of all precursor ions [M-H](-) including sulfur-rich GLSs reported here for the first time. Along with most common GLSs already found in capers such as glucocapparin, isopropyl/n-propyl-GLS, mercapto-glucocapparin, and two indolic GLS, i.e., 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin, the occurrence of the uncommon glycinyl-glucocapparin as well as two sulfur-rich GLSs is reported. IRMPD showed an increased selectivity towards disulfide bond cleavages with thiol migration, suggesting the side chain structure of non-targeted compounds, i.e., disulfanyl-glucocapparin and trisulfanyl-glucocapparin. Glucocapparin [2.05 ± 0.25 mg/g, dry weight (dw)] was the most abundant GLS, followed by glucobrassicin (232 ± 18 µg/g, dw) and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (89 ± 12 µg/g, dw). All other compounds were present at very low content ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 µg/g dw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, n° 10-85100, Potenza, Italy
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Maldini M, Baima S, Morelli G, Scaccini C, Natella F. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach to study "glucosinoloma" in broccoli sprouts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1198-206. [PMID: 22972788 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are an important class of secondary plant metabolites, possessing health-promoting properties. Young broccoli plants are a very good source of glucosinolates with concentrations several times greater than in mature plants. The aim of our study was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry qualitative and quantitative method for the measure of glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts. The described method provides high sensitivity and specificity, allowing a rapid and simultaneous determination of 14 glucosinolates. The proposed method has been validated for eight glucosinolates: glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin, glucoiberin, glucoerucin, progoitrin, gluconapin, sinigrin and glucocheirolin. The linear range was 1-150 µg ml(-1), the intra-day and inter-day precision values are within 6% and 8% at the lower limit of quantification, while the overall recovery of the eight glucosinolates was 99 ± 9%. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of glucosinolates content of broccoli sprouts grown in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Maldini
- National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition-INRAN, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Roma, Italy.
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YANG Y, ZHANG X. Extraction, Identification and Comparison of Glucosinolates Profiles in the Seeds of Broccolini, Broccoli and Chinese Broccoli. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT-JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.15261/serdj.19.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing YANG
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology
| | - Xuewu ZHANG
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology
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Lelario F, Bianco G, Bufo SA, Cataldi TRI. Establishing the occurrence of major and minor glucosinolates in Brassicaceae by LC-ESI-hybrid linear ion-trap and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 73:74-83. [PMID: 22030302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur-rich plant secondary metabolites which occur in a variety of cruciferous vegetables and among various classes of them, genus Brassica exhibits a rich family of these phytochemicals at high, medium and low abundances. Liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode (ESI-) coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICRMS) was employed for the selective and sensitive determination of intact GLSs in crude sample extracts of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea L. Var. Botrytis) and rocket salad (Eruca sativa L.) with a wide range of contents. When LTQ and FTICR mass analyzers are compared, the magnitude of the limit of detection was ca. 5/6-fold lower with the FTICR MS. In addition, the separation and detection by LC-ESI-FTICR MS provides a highly selective assay platform for unambiguous identification of GLSs, which can be extended to lower abundance (minor) GLSs without significant interferences of other compounds in the sample extracts. The analysis of Brassicaceae species emphasized the presence of eight minor GLSs, viz. 1-methylpropyl-GLS, 2-methylpropyl-GLS, 2-methylbutyl-GLS, 3-methylbutyl-GLS, n-pentyl-GLS, 3-methylpentyl-GLS, 4-methylpentyl-GLS and n-hexyl-GLS. The occurrence of these GLSs belonging to the saturated aliphatic side chain families C(4), C(5) and C(6), presumably formed by chain elongation of leucine, homoleucine and dihomoleucine as primary amino acid precursors, is described. Based on their retention behavior and tandem MS spectra, all these minor compounds occurring in plant extracts of B. oleracea L. Var. italica, B. oleracea L. Var. Botrytis and E. sativa L. were tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Lelario
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Environment, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Velasco P, Francisco M, Moreno DA, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C, Cartea ME. Phytochemical fingerprinting of vegetable Brassica oleracea and Brassica napus by simultaneous identification of glucosinolates and phenolics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:144-52. [PMID: 21259374 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brassica vegetables have been related to the prevention of cancer and degenerative diseases, owing to their glucosinolate and phenolic content. OBJECTIVE Identification of glucosinolates, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in representative varieties of kale, cabbage and leaf rape. METHODOLOGY One local variety of each crop was evaluated in this study using a multi-purpose chromatographic method that simultaneously separates glucosinolates and phenolics. Chromatograms were recorded at 330 nm for flavonoid glycosides and acylated derivatives and 227 nm for glucosinolates. RESULTS Eight glucosinolates were identified in kale and cabbage, which exhibited the same glucosinolate profile, and 11 glucosinolates were identified in leaf rape. Furthermore, 20 flavonoids and 10 hydroxycinnamic acids were detected in kale and cabbage, while 17 flavonoids and eight hydroxycinnamic acids were found in leaf rape. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided a deeper and comprehensive identification of health-promoting compounds in kale, cabbage and leaf rape, thus showing that they are a good source of glucosinolates and phenolic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Velasco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), PO Box 28, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain.
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Truchado P, Tourn E, Gallez LM, Moreno DA, Ferreres F, Tomás-Barberán FA. Identification of botanical biomarkers in Argentinean Diplotaxis honeys: flavonoids and glucosinolates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12678-12685. [PMID: 21090564 DOI: 10.1021/jf103589c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To select and establish floral biomarkers of the botanical origin of Diplotaxis tenuifolia honeys, the flavonoids and glucosinolates present in bee-deposited nectar collected from hive combs (unripe honey) and mature honey from the same hives fron which the unripe honey samples were collected were analyzed by LC-UV-PAD-ESI-MS(n). Glycosidic conjugates of the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were detected and characterized in unripe honey. D. tenuifolia mature honeys contained the aglycones kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. The differences between the phenolic profiles of mature honey and freshly deposited honey could be due to hydrolytic enzymatic activities. Aliphatic and indole glucososinolates were analyzed in unripe and mature honeys, this being the first report of the detection and characterization of glucosinolates as honey constituents. Moreover, these honey samples contained different amounts of propolis-derived flavonoid aglycones (1765-3171 μg/100 g) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (29-1514 μg/100 g). Propolis flavonoids were already present in the freshly deposited nectar, showing that the incorporation of these compounds to honey occurs at the early steps of honey production. The flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin and the glucosinolates detected in the samples could be used as complementary biomarkers for the determination of the floral origin of Argentinean Diplotaxis honeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Truchado
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Cataldi TRI, Lelario F, Orlando D, Bufo SA. Collision-Induced Dissociation of the A + 2 Isotope Ion Facilitates Glucosinolates Structure Elucidation by Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5686-96. [PMID: 20521824 DOI: 10.1021/ac100703w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4-70126 Bari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4-70126 Bari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4-70126 Bari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4-70126 Bari, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
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Bialecki JB, Ruzicka J, Weisbecker CS, Haribal M, Attygalle AB. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of glucosinolate anions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:272-83. [PMID: 20033929 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of differently substituted glucosinolates were investigated under negative-ion mode. Data obtained from several glucosinolates and their isotopologues ((34)S and (2)H) revealed that many peaks observed are independent of the nature of the substituent group. For example, all investigated glucosinolate anions fragment to produce a product ion observed at m/z 195 for the thioglucose anion, which further dissociates via an ion/neutral complex to give two peaks at m/z 75 and 119. The other product ions observed at m/z 80, 96 and 97 are characteristic for the sulfate moiety. The peaks at m/z 259 and 275 have been attributed previously to glucose 1-sulfate anion and 1-thioglucose 2-sulfate anion, respectively. However, based on our tandem mass spectrometric experiments, we propose that the peak at m/z 275 represents the glucose 1-thiosulfate anion. In addition to the common peaks, the spectrum of phenyl glucosinolate (beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1-thio-, 1-[N-(sulfooxy)benzenecarboximidate] shows a substituent-group-specific peak at m/z 152 for C(6)H(5)-C(=NOH)S(-), the CID spectrum of which was indistinguishable from that of the anion of synthetic benzothiohydroxamic acid. Similarly, the m/z 201 peak in the spectrum of phenyl glucosinolate was attributed to C(6)H(5)-C(=S)OSO(2)(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Bialecki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Mass Spectrometry, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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Hoerger CC, Schenzel J, Strobel BW, Bucheli TD. Analysis of selected phytotoxins and mycotoxins in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1261-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Francisco M, Moreno DA, Cartea ME, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C, Velasco P. Simultaneous identification of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in a representative collection of vegetable Brassica rapa. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6611-9. [PMID: 19683241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brassica raparapa group is widely distributed and consumed in northwestern Spain. The consumption of Brassica vegetables has been related to human health due to their phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds that induce a variety of physiological functions including antioxidant activity, enzymes regulation and apoptosis control and the cell cycle. For first time in Brassica crops, intact glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were simultaneously identified and characterized. Twelve intact glucosinolates, belonging to the three chemical classes, and more than 30 phenolic compounds were found in B. rapa leaves and young shoots (turnip greens and turnip tops) by LC-UV photodiode array detection (PAD)-electrospray ionization (ESI). The main naturally occurring phenolic compounds identified were flavonoids and derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids. The majority of the flavonoids were kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosylated and acylated with different hydroxycinnamic acids. Quantification of the main compounds by HPLC-PAD showed significant differences for most of compounds between plant organs. Total glucosinolate content value was 26.84 micromol g(-1) dw for turnip greens and 29.11 micromol g(-1) dw for turnip tops; gluconapin being the predominant glucosinolate (23.2 micromol g(-1) dw). Phenolic compounds were higher in turnip greens 51.71 micromol g(-1) dw than in turnip tops 38.99 micromol g(-1) dw, in which flavonols were always the major compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Francisco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), PO Box 28, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain
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Millán S, Sampedro MC, Gallejones P, Castellón A, Ibargoitia ML, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Identification and quantification of glucosinolates in rapeseed using liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1661-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:91-98. [PMID: 18340659 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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