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Mobarak H, Javid F, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Sadeghsoltani F, Khanicheragh P, Narimani S, Mahdipour M, Sokullu E, Valioglu F, Rahbarghazi R. Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38291458 PMCID: PMC10826215 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes (Exos) are the main inter-cellular bioshuttles with the potential to carry different signaling molecules. Likewise, bacteria can produce and release Exo-like particles, namely microvesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix. Bacterial MVs function with diverse biological properties and are at the center of attention due to their inherent therapeutic properties. Here, in this review article, the comparable biological properties between the eukaryotic Exos and bacterial MVs were highlighted in terms of biomedical application. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Javid
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Narimani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferzane Valioglu
- Technology Development Zones Management CO, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by many gram-negative bacteria during their growth and constitute an important virulence factor for bacteria, helping them to survive through harsh environmental conditions. Native OMVs, naturally-released from bacteria, are produced at a level too low for vaccine manufacturing, requiring chemical treatment (detergent-extracted) or genetic manipulation, resulting in generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMAs). Over the years, the nature and properties of OMVs have made them a viable platform for vaccine development. There are a few licensed OMV vaccines mainly for the prevention of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). There are several candidates in clinical development against other gram-negative organisms from which the OMVs are derived, but also against heterologous targets in which the OMVs are used as carriers (e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The use of OMVs for targets other than those from which they are derived is a major advancement in OMV technology, improving its versatility by being able to deliver protein or polysaccharide antigens. Other advances include the range of genetic modifications that can be made to improve their safety, reduce reactogenicity, and increase immunogenicity and protective efficacy. However, significant challenges remain, such as identification of general tools for high-content surface expression of heterologous proteins on the OMV surface. Here, we outline the progress of OMV vaccines to date, particularly discussing licensed OMV-based vaccines and candidates in clinical development. Recent trends in preclinical research are described, mainly focused on genetic manipulation and chemical conjugation for the use of OMVs as carriers for heterologous protein and polysaccharide antigens. Remaining challenges with the use of OMVs and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Usman Nakakana
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy
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3
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Croia L, Boscato Sopetto G, Zanella I, Caproni E, Gagliardi A, Tamburini S, König E, Benedet M, Di Lascio G, Corbellari R, Grandi A, Tomasi M, Grandi G. Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles: Elucidation of Humoral Responses against OMV-Associated Antigens. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 37999368 PMCID: PMC10673343 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a novel and flexible vaccine platform. OMVs can be decorated with foreign antigens and carry potent immunostimulatory components. Therefore, after their purification from the culture supernatant, they are ready to be formulated for vaccine use. It has been extensively demonstrated that immunization with engineered OMVs can elicit excellent antibody responses against the heterologous antigens. However, the definition of the conditions necessary to reach the optimal antibody titers still needs to be investigated. Here, we defined the protein concentrations required to induce antigen-specific antibodies, and the amount of antigen and OMVs necessary and sufficient to elicit saturating levels of antigen-specific antibodies. Since not all antigens can be expressed in OMVs, we also investigated the effectiveness of vaccines in which OMVs and purified antigens are mixed together without using any procedure for their physical association. Our data show that in most of the cases OMV-antigen mixtures are very effective in eliciting antigen-specific antibodies. This is probably due to the capacity of OMVs to "absorb" antigens, establishing sufficiently stable interactions that allow antigen-OMV co-presentation to the same antigen presenting cell. In those cases when antigen-OMV interaction is not sufficiently stable, the addition of alum to the formulation guarantees the elicitation of high titers of antigen-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Boscato Sopetto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico König
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Gabriele Di Lascio
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (A.G.)
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.C.); (G.B.S.); (I.Z.); (E.K.); (R.C.); (M.T.)
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Ayesha A, Chow FWN, Leung PHM. Role of Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles in host-pathogen interaction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270123. [PMID: 37817751 PMCID: PMC10561282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that inhabits artificial water systems and can be transmitted to human hosts by contaminated aerosols. Upon inhalation, it colonizes and grows inside the alveolar macrophages and causes Legionnaires' disease. To effectively control and manage Legionnaires' disease, a deep understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is crucial. Bacterial extracellular vesicles, particularly outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as mediators of intercellular communication between bacteria and host cells. These OMVs carry a diverse cargo, including proteins, toxins, virulence factors, and nucleic acids. OMVs play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis by helping bacteria in colonization, delivering virulence factors into host cells, and modulating host immune responses. This review highlights the role of OMVs in the context of host-pathogen interaction shedding light on the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila. Understanding the functions of OMVs and their cargo provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and interventions for combating Legionnaires' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Polly Hang-Mei Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Khodak YA. Heterologous Expression of Recombinant Proteins and Their Derivatives Used as Carriers for Conjugate Vaccines. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1248-1266. [PMID: 37770392 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carrier proteins that provide an effective and long-term immune response to weak antigens has become a real breakthrough in the disease prevention, making it available to a wider range of patients and making it possible to obtain reliable vaccines against a variety of pathogens. Currently, research is continuing both to identify new peptides, proteins, and their complexes potentially suitable for use as carriers, and to develop new methods for isolation, purification, and conjugation of already known and well-established proteins. The use of recombinant proteins has a number of advantages over isolation from natural sources, such as simpler cultivation of the host organism, the possibility of modifying genetic constructs, use of numerous promoter variants, signal sequences, and other regulatory elements. This review is devoted to the methods of obtaining both traditional and new recombinant proteins and their derivatives already being used or potentially suitable for use as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A Khodak
- Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
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Zhou J, Cai Y, Liu Y, An H, Deng K, Ashraf MA, Zou L, Wang J. Breaking down the cell wall: Still an attractive antibacterial strategy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952633. [PMID: 36212892 PMCID: PMC9544107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of penicillin, humans have known about and explored the phenomenon of bacterial inhibition via antibiotics. However, with changes in the global environment and the abuse of antibiotics, resistance mechanisms have been selected in bacteria, presenting huge threats and challenges to the global medical and health system. Thus, the study and development of new antimicrobials is of unprecedented urgency and difficulty. Bacteria surround themselves with a cell wall to maintain cell rigidity and protect against environmental insults. Humans have taken advantage of antibiotics to target the bacterial cell wall, yielding some of the most widely used antibiotics to date. The cell wall is essential for bacterial growth and virulence but is absent from humans, remaining a high-priority target for antibiotic screening throughout the antibiotic era. Here, we review the extensively studied targets, i.e., MurA, MurB, MurC, MurD, MurE, MurF, Alr, Ddl, MurI, MurG, lipid A, and BamA in the cell wall, starting from the very beginning to the latest developments to elucidate antimicrobial screening. Furthermore, recent advances, including MraY and MsbA in peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, and tagO, LtaS, LspA, Lgt, Lnt, Tol-Pal, MntC, and OspA in teichoic acid and lipoprotein, have also been profoundly discussed. The review further highlights that the application of new methods such as macromolecular labeling, compound libraries construction, and structure-based drug design will inspire researchers to screen ideal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhou
- The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyue An
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Kaihong Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Awais Ashraf
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
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Wang S, Guo J, Bai Y, Sun C, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hao H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a candidate tumor vaccine platform. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987419. [PMID: 36159867 PMCID: PMC9505906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment methods beyond the traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a type of double-membrane vesicle secreted by Gram-negative bacteria in the process of growth and life, and play extremely important roles in the survival and invasion of those bacteria. In particular, OMVs contain a large number of immunogenic components associated with their parent bacterium, which can be used as vaccines, adjuvants, and vectors to treat diseases, especially in presenting tumor antigens or targeted therapy with small-molecule drugs. Some OMV-based vaccines are already on the market and have demonstrated good therapeutic effect on the corresponding diseases. OMV-based vaccines for cancer are also being studied, and some are already in clinical trials. This paper reviews bacterial outer membrane vesicles, their interaction with host cells, and their applications in tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Hao,
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Mat Rani NNI, Alzubaidi ZM, Butt AM, Mohammad Faizal NDF, Sekar M, Azhari H, Mohd Amin MCI. Outer membrane vesicles as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1784. [PMID: 35194964 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, nanoparticle-based therapeutic modalities have emerged as promising treatment options for cancer and infectious diseases. To improve prognosis, chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial drugs must be delivered selectively to the target sites. Researchers have increasingly focused their efforts on improving drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on cancer and infectious diseases. When drugs are administered systemically, they become diluted and can diffuse to all tissues but only until the immune system intervenes and quickly removes them from circulation. To enhance and prolong the systemic circulation of drugs, nanocarriers have been explored and used; however, nanocarriers have a major drawback in that they can trigger immune responses. Numerous nanocarriers for optimal drug delivery have been developed using innovative and effective biointerface technologies. Autologous cell-derived drug carriers, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have demonstrated improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. Thus, this study investigates the use of biomimetic OMVs as biomimetic vaccine carriers against infections and cancers to improve our understanding in the field of nanotechnology. In addition, discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects of OMVs will also be explored. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa M Alzubaidi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeel Masood Butt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nur Dini Fatini Mohammad Faizal
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chang CM, Awanye AM, Marsay L, Dold C, Pollard AJ, Rollier CS, Feavers IM, Maiden MC, Derrick JP. Application of a Neisseria meningitidis antigen microarray to identify candidate vaccine proteins from a human Phase I clinical trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:3835-3842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Micoli F, Nakakana UN, Berlanda Scorza F. Towards a Four-Component GMMA-Based Vaccine against Shigella. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:328. [PMID: 35214786 PMCID: PMC8880054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis remains a major public health problem around the world; it is one of the leading causes of diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in young children. The increasing reports of Shigella cases associated with anti-microbial resistance are an additional element of concern. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines widely available against Shigella, but several vaccine candidates are in development. It has been demonstrated that the incidence of disease decreases following a prior Shigella infection and that serum and mucosal antibody responses are predominantly directed against the serotype-specific Shigella O-antigen portion of lipopolysaccharide membrane molecules. Many Shigella vaccine candidates are indeed O-antigen-based. Here we present the journey towards the development of a potential low-cost four-component Shigella vaccine, eliciting broad protection against the most prevalent Shigella serotypes, that makes use of the GMMA (Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens) technology, a novel platform based on bacterial outer membranes for delivery of the O-antigen to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy; (U.N.N.); (F.B.S.)
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11
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Shigella Outer Membrane Vesicles as Promising Targets for Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020994. [PMID: 35055181 PMCID: PMC8781765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical symptoms of shigellosis, a gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella spp. range from watery diarrhea to fulminant dysentery. Endemic infections, particularly among children in developing countries, represent the majority of clinical cases. The situation is aggravated due to the high mortality rate of shigellosis, the rapid dissemination of multi-resistant Shigella strains and the induction of only serotype-specific immunity. Thus, infection prevention due to vaccination, encompassing as many of the circulating serotypes as possible, has become a topic of interest. However, vaccines have turned out to be ineffective so far. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising novel targets for vaccination. OMVs are constitutively secreted by Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella during growth. They are composed of soluble luminal portions and an insoluble membrane and can contain toxins, bioactive periplasmic and cytoplasmic (lipo-) proteins, (phospho-) lipids, nucleic acids and/or lipopolysaccharides. Thus, OMVs play an important role in bacterial cell–cell communication, growth, survival and pathogenesis. Furthermore, they modulate the secretion and transport of biomolecules, the stress response, antibiotic resistance and immune responses of the host. Thus, OMVs serve as novel secretion machinery. Here, we discuss the current literature and highlight the properties of OMVs as potent vaccine candidates because of their immunomodulatory, antigenic and adjuvant properties.
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Cable J, Rappuoli R, Klemm EJ, Kang G, Mutreja A, Wright GJ, Pizza M, Castro SA, Hoffmann JP, Alter G, Carfi A, Pollard AJ, Krammer F, Gupta RK, Wagner CE, Machado V, Modjarrad K, Corey L, B Gilbert P, Dougan G, Lurie N, Bjorkman PJ, Chiu C, Nemes E, Gordon SB, Steer AC, Rudel T, Blish CA, Sandberg JT, Brennan K, Klugman KP, Stuart LM, Madhi SA, Karp CL. Innovative vaccine approaches-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:59-86. [PMID: 35029310 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines was the result of decades of research to establish flexible vaccine platforms and understand pathogens with pandemic potential, as well as several novel changes to the vaccine discovery and development processes that partnered industry and governments. And while vaccines offer the potential to drastically improve global health, low-and-middle-income countries around the world often experience reduced access to vaccines and reduced vaccine efficacy. Addressing these issues will require novel vaccine approaches and platforms, deeper insight how vaccines mediate protection, and innovative trial designs and models. On June 28-30, 2021, experts in vaccine research, development, manufacturing, and deployment met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Innovative Vaccine Approaches" to discuss advances in vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sowmya Ajay Castro
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joseph P Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Florian Krammer
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viviane Machado
- Measles and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory, WHO/NIC, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Lurie
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Nemes
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - John Tyler Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kiva Brennan
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynda M Stuart
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington.,Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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13
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Piccioli D, Bartolini E, Micoli F. GMMA as a 'plug and play' technology to tackle infectious disease to improve global health: context and perspectives for the future. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:163-172. [PMID: 34913415 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generalized-Modules-for-Membrane-Antigens (GMMA) is a technology platform developed to design outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based vaccines. GMMA are basically OMVs derived from a bacterial strain specifically engineered to obtain a fit-for-purpose and affordable vaccine by potentiating, or deleting, expression of specific genes. OMVs can be used as a carrier for antigens by inducing their expression on them, with the aim to improve antigen immunogenicity and design multivalent combination vaccines. AREAS COVERED We expanded this finding to show that the chemical conjugation of different proteic and/or polysaccharidic antigens, to GMMA, is a methodology complementary to the genetic manipulation to obtain highly effective combination vaccines. Here we discuss our findings with a specific focus on the impact that GMMA technology can have on global health, as this technology platform is particularly suited to support the development of affordable vaccines for low-income countries. EXPERT OPINION We believe that it is critical to elucidate the mode of action of GMMA immunogenicity and have provided a summarized description of the immunological questions to be addressed in the near future. The improved knowledge of GMMA might lead to designing more effective and safer GMMA-based vaccines to tackle the most serious vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccine Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Preclinical Function, Siena, Italy
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14
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Haque S, Swami P, Khan A. S. Typhi derived vaccines and a proposal for outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as potential vaccine for typhoid fever. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105082. [PMID: 34265371 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a serious systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), spread by the feco-oral route and closely associated with poor food hygiene and inadequate sanitation. Nearly 93% of S. Typhi strains have acquired antibiotic resistance against most antibiotics. Vaccination is the only promising way to prevent typhoid fever. This review covers the nature and composition of S. Typhi, pathogenecity and mode of infection, epidemiology, and nature of drug resistance. Several components (Vi-polysaccharides, O-antigens, flagellar antigens, full length OMPs, and short peptides from OMPs) of S. Typhi have been utilized for vaccine design for protection against typhoid fever. Vaccine delivery systems also contribute to efficacy of the vaccines. In this study, we propose to develop S. Typhi derived OMVs as vaccine for protection against typhoid fevers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabirul Haque
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Pooja Swami
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Azhar Khan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal, Pradesh, India.
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15
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Neisseria meningitidis Factor H Binding Protein Surface Exposure on Salmonella Typhimurium GMMA Is Critical to Induce an Effective Immune Response against Both Diseases. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060726. [PMID: 34207575 PMCID: PMC8229706 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GMMA, outer membrane vesicles resulting from hyperblebbing mutated bacterial strains, are a versatile vaccine platform for displaying both homologous and heterologous antigens. Periplasmic expression is a popular technique for protein expression in the lumen of the blebs. However, the ability of internalized antigens to induce antibody responses has not been extensively investigated. Herein, the Neisseria meningitidis factor H binding protein (fHbp) was heterologously expressed in the lumen of O-antigen positive (OAg+) and O-antigen negative (OAg−) Salmonella Typhimurium GMMA. Only the OAg− GMMA induced an anti-fHbp IgG response in mice if formulated on Alum, although it was weak and much lower compared to the recombinant fHbp. The OAg− GMMA on Alum showed partial instability, with possible exposure of fHbp to the immune system. When we chemically conjugated fHbp to the surface of both OAg+ and OAg− GMMA, these constructs induced a stronger functional response compared to the fHbp immunization alone. Moreover, the OAg+ GMMA construct elicited a strong response against both the target antigens (fHbp and OAg), with no immune interference observed. This result suggests that antigen localization on GMMA surface can play a critical role in the induction of an effective immune response and can encourage the development of GMMA based vaccines delivering key protective antigens on their surface.
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16
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Balhuizen MD, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629090. [PMID: 33613498 PMCID: PMC7889600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Nakamura T, Shimizu T, Inagaki F, Okazaki S, Saha SS, Uda A, Watanabe K, Watarai M. Identification of Membrane-Bound Lytic Murein Transglycosylase A (MltA) as a Growth Factor for Francisella novicida in a Silkworm Infection Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:581864. [PMID: 33553001 PMCID: PMC7862118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is transmitted by arthropod vectors within mammalian hosts. The detailed mechanisms contributing to growth and survival of Francisella within arthropod remain poorly understood. To identify novel factors supporting growth and survival of Francisella within arthropods, a transposon mutant library of F. tularensis subsp. novicida (F. novicida) was screened using an F. novicida-silkworm infection model. Among 750 transposon mutants screened, the mltA-encoding membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase A (MltA) was identified as a novel growth factor of F. novicida in silkworms. Silkworms infection with an mltA deletion mutant (ΔmltA) resulted in a reduction in the number of bacteria and prolonged survival. The ΔmltA strain exhibited limited intracellular growth and cytotoxicity in BmN4 silkworm ovary cells. Moreover, the ΔmltA strain induced higher expression of the antimicrobial peptide in silkworms compared to the wild-type strain. These results suggest that F. novicida MltA contributes to the survival of F. novicida in silkworms via immune suppression-related mechanisms. Intracellular growth of the ΔmltA strain was also reduced in human monocyte THP-1 cells. These results also suggest the contribution of MltA to pathogenicity in humans and utility of the F. novicida-silkworm infection model to explore Francisella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Fumiya Inagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shoma Okazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shib Shankar Saha
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahisa Watarai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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18
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Micoli F, MacLennan CA. Outer membrane vesicle vaccines. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101433. [PMID: 33309166 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) have received increased attention in recent years as a vaccine platform against bacterial pathogens. OMV from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B have been extensively explored. Following the success of the MeNZB OMV vaccine in controlling an outbreak of N. meningitidis B in New Zealand, additional research and development resulted in the licensure of the OMV-containing four-component 4CMenB vaccine, Bexsero. This provided broader protection against multiple meningococcal B strains. Advances in the field of genetic engineering have permitted further improvements in the platform resulting in increased yields, reduced endotoxicity and decoration with homologous and heterologous antigens to enhance immuno genicity and provide broader protection. The OMV vaccine platform has been extended to many other pathogens. In this review, we discuss progress in the development of the OMV vaccine delivery platform, highlighting successful applications, together with potential challenges and gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Calman A MacLennan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 62 Buckingham Gate, London, United Kingdom; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Afrough P, Asadi Karam MR, Vaziri F, Behrouzi A, Siadat SD. Construction and assessment of the immunogenicity and bactericidal activity of fusion protein porin A from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and B admixed with OMV adjuvant as a novel vaccine candidate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:737-743. [PMID: 32695289 PMCID: PMC7351441 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40470.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The porins A and B and also outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Neisseria meningitidis are used for vaccine purposes. In the present study, we aimed to design a new vaccine candidate based on a fusion of PorA of serogroups A and B of N. meningitidis admixed with OMV and evaluate it in an animal model. Materials and Methods After bioinformatic studies, a fusion protein composed of porin A from both serogroups A and B of N. meningitidis was constructed, expressed, and purified by nickel resins. Extraction of OMV of N. meningitidis was performed using a chemical method. The mice were vaccinated subcutaneously in different groups with mixtures of PorA proteins, OMV, and Freund's adjuvants. Then, the immune responses were measured using the ELISA method. Finally, serum bactericidal activity (SBA) procedure was applied to assay the activity of the immune responses in mice. Results Mice received the PorA protein plus Freund's adjuvant. Mice vaccinated with PorA fusion of serogroups A+B plus Freund's adjuvant produced more IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a than combinations admixed with OMV. Furthermore, the vaccinated mice tended to direct the IgG responses toward IgG1. Sera of the mice that received PorA+Freund's and those that received PorA+OMV produced higher bactericidal activity than the controls. Conclusion Fusion protein porin A could be a valuable target for developing vaccines against N. meningitidis. Although, Freund's adjuvant induced the strongest IgG responses, given that Freund's adjuvant has no human use, and OMV is a human adjuvant, OMV could be considered in vaccine design against N. meningitidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Afrough
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Rossi O, Citiulo F, Mancini F. Outer membrane vesicles: moving within the intricate labyrinth of assays that can predict risks of reactogenicity in humans. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:601-613. [PMID: 32687736 PMCID: PMC7899674 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1780092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are exosomes naturally released from the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Since the ’80s, OMVs have been proposed as powerful vaccine platforms due to their intrinsic self-adjuvanticity and ability to present multiple antigens in natural conformation. However, the presence of several pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), especially lipid A, has raised concerns about potential systemic reactogenicity in humans. Recently, chemical and genetic approaches allowed to efficiently modulate the balance between reactogenicity and immunogenicity for the use of OMV in humans. Several assays (monocyte activation test, rabbit pyrogenicity test, limulus amebocyte lysate, human transfectant cells, and toxicology studies) were developed to test, with highly predictive potential, the risk of reactogenicity in humans before moving to clinical use. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on how different assays were and can be used to successfully evaluate systemic reactogenicity during clinical development and after licensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rossi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.r.l (GVGH) , Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Citiulo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.r.l (GVGH) , Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.r.l (GVGH) , Siena, Italy
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21
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Li S, Chen DQ, Ji L, Sun S, Jin Z, Jin ZL, Sun HW, Zeng H, Zhang WJ, Lu DS, Luo P, Zhao AN, Luo J, Zou QM, Li HB. Development of Different Methods for Preparing Acinetobacter baumannii Outer Membrane Vesicles Vaccine: Impact of Preparation Method on Protective Efficacy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1069. [PMID: 32655550 PMCID: PMC7324643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is becoming a common global concern due to the emergence of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains. Confronting the issue of antimicrobial resistance by developing vaccines against the resistant pathogen is becoming a common strategy. In this study, different methods for preparing A. baumannii outer membrane vesicles (AbOMVs) vaccines were developed. sOMV (spontaneously released AbOMV) was extracted from the culture supernatant, while SuOMV (sucrose-extracted AbOMV) and nOMV (native AbOMV) were prepared from the bacterial cells. Three AbOMVs exhibited significant differences in yield, particle size, protein composition, and LPS/DNA content. To compare the protective efficacy of the three AbOMVs, groups of mice were immunized either intramuscularly or intranasally with each AbOMV. Vaccination via both routes conferred significant protection against lethal and sub-lethal A. baumannii challenge. Moreover, intranasal vaccination provided more robust protection, which may be attributed to the induction of significant sIgA response in mucosal sites. Among the three AbOMVs, SuOMV elicited the highest level of protective immunity against A. baumannii infection, whether intramuscular or intranasal immunization, which was characterized by the expression of the most profound specific serum IgG or mucosal sIgA. Taken together, the preparation method had a significant effect on the yield, morphology, and composition of AbOMVs, that further influenced the protective effect against A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Qun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-Li Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Wu Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Shui Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - An-Ni Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Uddin MJ, Dawan J, Jeon G, Yu T, He X, Ahn J. The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance and as Promising Carriers for Therapeutic Agent Delivery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E670. [PMID: 32380740 PMCID: PMC7284617 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to be an issue difficult to deal with, especially in the clinical, animal husbandry, and food fields. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria renders treatment with antibiotics ineffective. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic methods is a worthwhile research endeavor in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently, bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have been investigated as a possible approach to drug delivery and vaccine development. The BMVs are released by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, containing various components originating from the cytoplasm and the cell envelope. The BMVs are able to transform bacteria with genes that encode enzymes such as proteases, glycosidases, and peptidases, resulting in the enhanced antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The BMVs can increase the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. However, the biogenesis and functions of BMVs are not fully understood in association with the bacterial pathogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to discuss BMV-associated antibiotic resistance and BMV-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (M.J.U.); (J.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Jirapat Dawan
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (M.J.U.); (J.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Gibeom Jeon
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (M.J.U.); (J.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272033, China;
| | - Xinlong He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea; (M.J.U.); (J.D.); (G.J.)
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Genetic Similarity of Gonococcal Homologs to Meningococcal Outer Membrane Proteins of Serogroup B Vaccine. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01668-19. [PMID: 31506309 PMCID: PMC6737241 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01668-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis share high genome identity. Retrospective analysis of surveillance data from New Zealand indicates the potential cross-protective effect of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (MeNZB) against N. gonorrhoeae A licensed OMV-based MenB vaccine, MenB-4C, consists of a recombinant FHbp, NhbA, NadA, and the MeNZB OMV. Previous work has identified several abundantly expressed outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as major components of the MenB-4C OMV with high sequence similarity between N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, suggesting a mechanism for cross-protection. To build off these findings, we performed comparative genomic analysis on 970 recent N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected through a U.S surveillance system against N. meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) reference sequences. We identified 1,525 proteins that were common to both Neisseria species, of which 57 proteins were predicted to be OMPs using in silico methods. Among the MenB-4C antigens, NhbA showed moderate sequence identity (73%) to the respective gonococcal homolog, was highly conserved within N. gonorrhoeae, and was predicted to be surface expressed. In contrast, the gonococcal FHbp was predicted not to be surface expressed, while NadA was absent in all N. gonorrhoeae isolates. Our work confirmed recent observations (E. A. Semchenko, A. Tan, R. Borrow, and K. L. Seib, Clin Infect Dis, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1061) and describes homologous OMPs from a large panel of epidemiologically relevant N. gonorrhoeae strains in the United States against NmB reference strains. Based on our results, we report a set of OMPs that may contribute to the previously observed cross-protection and provide potential antigen targets to guide the next steps in gonorrhea vaccine development.IMPORTANCE Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease, causes substantial global morbidity and economic burden. New prevention and control measures for this disease are urgently needed, as strains resistant to almost all classes of antibiotics available for treatment have emerged. Previous reports demonstrate that cross-protection from gonococcal infections may be conferred by meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-based vaccines. Among 1,525 common proteins shared across the genomes of both N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, 57 proteins were predicted to be surface expressed (outer membrane proteins [OMPs]) and thus preferred targets for vaccine development. The majority of these OMPs showed high sequence identity between the 2 bacterial species. Our results provide valuable insight into the meningococcal antigens present in the current OMV-containing MenB-4C vaccine that may contribute to cross-protection against gonorrhea and may inform next steps in gonorrhea vaccine development.
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Awanye AM, Chang CM, Wheeler JX, Chan H, Marsay L, Dold C, Rollier CS, Bird LE, Nettleship JE, Owens RJ, Pollard AJ, Derrick JP. Immunogenicity profiling of protein antigens from capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6843. [PMID: 31048732 PMCID: PMC6497663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicle (OMV)- based vaccines have been used to provide strain-specific protection against capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis infections, but the full breadth of the immune response against the components of the OMV has not been established. Sera from adults vaccinated with an OMV vaccine were used to screen 91 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) incorporated in an antigen microarray panel. Antigen-specific IgG levels were quantified pre-vaccination, and after 12 and 18 weeks. These results were compared with IgG levels from mice vaccinated with the same OMV vaccine. The repertoires of highly responding antigens in humans and mice overlapped, but were not identical. The highest responding antigens to human IgG comprised four integral OMPs (PorA, PorB, OpcA and PilQ), a protein which promotes the stability of PorA and PorB (RmpM) and two lipoproteins (BamC and GNA1162). These observations will assist in evaluating the role of minor antigen components within OMVs in providing protection against meningococcal infection. In addition, the relative dominance of responses to integral OMPs in humans emphasizes the importance of this subclass and points to the value of maintaining conformational epitopes from integral membrane proteins in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka M Awanye
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chun-Mien Chang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Hannah Chan
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Leanne Marsay
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Louise E Bird
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Joanne E Nettleship
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Oxford Protein Production Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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25
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Rodrigues CMC, Chan H, Vipond C, Jolley K, Harrison OB, Wheeler J, Whiting G, Feavers IM, Maiden MCJ. Typing complex meningococcal vaccines to understand diversity and population structure of key vaccine antigens. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:151. [PMID: 30687793 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14859.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein-conjugate capsular polysaccharide vaccines can potentially control invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by five (A, C, W, X, Y) of the six IMD-associated serogroups. Concerns raised by immunological similarity of the serogroup B capsule to human neural cell carbohydrates, meant that 'serogroup B substitute' vaccines target more variable subcapsular protein antigens. A successful approach using outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as major vaccine components had limited strain coverage. In 4CMenB (Bexsero ®), recombinant proteins have been added to ameliorate this problem. Methods: Scalable, portable, genomic techniques were used to investigate the Bexsero ® OMV protein diversity in meningococcal populations. Shotgun proteomics identified 461 proteins in the OMV, defining a complex proteome. Amino acid sequences for the 24 proteins most likely to be involved in cross-protective immune responses were catalogued within the PubMLST.org/neisseria database using a novel OMV peptide Typing (OMVT) scheme. Results: Among these proteins there was variation in the extent of diversity and association with meningococcal lineages, identified as clonal complexes (ccs), ranging from the most conserved peptides (FbpA, NEISp0578, and putative periplasmic protein, NEISp1063) to the most diverse (TbpA, NEISp1690). There were 1752 unique OMVTs identified amongst 2492/3506 isolates examined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). These OMVTs were grouped into clusters (sharing ≥18 identical OMVT peptides), with 45.3% of isolates assigned to one of 27 OMVT clusters. OMVTs and OMVT clusters were strongly associated with cc, genogroup, and Bexsero ® antigen variants, demonstrating that combinations of OMV proteins exist in discrete, non-overlapping combinations associated with genogroup and Bexsero ® Antigen Sequence Type. This highly structured population of IMD-associated meningococci is consistent with strain structure models invoking host immune and/or metabolic selection. Conclusions: The OMVT scheme facilitates region-specific WGS investigation of meningococcal diversity and is an open-access, portable tool with applications for vaccine development, especially in the choice of antigen combinations, assessment and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Chan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Keith Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Odile B Harrison
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Jun Wheeler
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Gail Whiting
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ian M Feavers
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
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26
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Rodrigues CMC, Chan H, Vipond C, Jolley K, Harrison OB, Wheeler J, Whiting G, Feavers IM, Maiden MCJ. Typing complex meningococcal vaccines to understand diversity and population structure of key vaccine antigens. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:151. [PMID: 30687793 PMCID: PMC6338130 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14859.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein-conjugate capsular polysaccharide vaccines can potentially control invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by five (A, C, W, X, Y) of the six IMD-associated serogroups. Concerns raised by immunological similarity of the serogroup B capsule to human neural cell carbohydrates, meant that ‘serogroup B substitute’ vaccines target more variable subcapsular protein antigens. A successful approach using outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as major vaccine components had limited strain coverage. In 4CMenB (Bexsero
®), recombinant proteins have been added to ameliorate this problem. Methods: Scalable, portable, genomic techniques were used to investigate the Bexsero
® OMV protein diversity in meningococcal populations. Shotgun proteomics identified 461 proteins in the OMV, defining a complex proteome. Amino acid sequences for the 24 proteins most likely to be involved in cross-protective immune responses were catalogued within the
PubMLST.org/neisseria database using a novel OMV peptide Typing (OMVT) scheme. Results: Among these proteins there was variation in the extent of diversity and association with meningococcal lineages, identified as clonal complexes (ccs), ranging from the most conserved peptides (FbpA, NEISp0578, and putative periplasmic protein, NEISp1063) to the most diverse (TbpA, NEISp1690). There were 1752 unique OMVTs identified amongst 2492/3506 isolates examined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). These OMVTs were grouped into clusters (sharing ≥18 identical OMVT peptides), with 45.3% of isolates assigned to one of 27 OMVT clusters. OMVTs and OMVT clusters were strongly associated with cc, genogroup, and Bexsero
® antigen variants, demonstrating that combinations of OMV proteins exist in discrete, non-overlapping combinations associated with genogroup and Bexsero
® Antigen Sequence Type. This highly structured population of IMD-associated meningococci is consistent with strain structure models invoking host immune and/or metabolic selection. Conclusions:The OMVT scheme facilitates region-specific WGS investigation of meningococcal diversity and is an open-access, portable tool with applications for vaccine development, especially in the choice of antigen combinations, assessment and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Chan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Keith Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Odile B Harrison
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Jun Wheeler
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Gail Whiting
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ian M Feavers
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
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27
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Vipond C, Sutherland J, Nordgren K, Kemp G, Heath A, Care R, Studholme L. Development and validation of a monocyte activation test for the control/safety testing of an OMV-based meningococcal B vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 37:3747-3753. [PMID: 31202503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is imperative to ensure biological products are free of contaminating pyrogenic material prior to administration to patients. Historically the rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) was used to screen for such contamination in medicines for intravenous delivery. This test was adapted for use to screen vaccines. However, some, including meningococcal vaccines containing outer membrane vesicles, are intrinsically pyrogenic. Indeed, this is the case for Bexsero which contains relatively high levels of endotoxin and other potential pyrogens such as lipoproteins and porins. The RPT proved a difficult method for measuring the pyrogenic content of Bexsero and differences between laboratories in different countries made repeat testing at the control laboratories problematic resulting in batches being wrongly identified as unsafe. At NIBSC a monocyte activation test (MAT) was adapted and validated as an alternative. This required setting of a specification in-house and deciding on a decisional procedure using multiple donors, allowing batches equally pyrogenic or less, than those batches shown to be safe in a clinical trial, to be certified as safe. The resulting format was a reference comparison method with an upper limit of 1.8 relative pyrogen units (RPU). The batch passed if an initial four donors had a response equal to or less than 1.8 RPU, if one donor is above this limit the batch was tested in a further four donors and seven of the eight must be equal to or below 1.8 RPU. If two donors have a response greater than 1.8 the batch failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vipond
- Department of Bacteriology, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Janet Sutherland
- Department of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Karin Nordgren
- Department of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - George Kemp
- Department of Bacteriology, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Alan Heath
- Department of Biostatistics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Rory Care
- Department of Bacteriology, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Lucy Studholme
- Department of Biotherapeutics, The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
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28
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Baarda BI, Martinez FG, Sikora AE. Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Structure-Function Antigen Mining For Gonorrhea Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2793. [PMID: 30564232 PMCID: PMC6288298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding efforts to develop preventive gonorrhea vaccines is critical because of the serious health consequences combined with the prevalence and the dire possibility of untreatable gonorrhea. Reverse vaccinology, which includes genome and proteome mining, has proven successful in the discovery of vaccine candidates against many pathogenic bacteria. Here, we describe proteomic applications including comprehensive, quantitative proteomic platforms and immunoproteomics coupled with broad-ranging bioinformatics that have been applied for antigen mining to develop gonorrhea vaccine(s). We further focus on outlining the vaccine candidate decision tree, describe the structure-function of novel proteome-derived antigens as well as ways to gain insights into their roles in the cell envelope, and underscore new lessons learned about the fascinating biology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I. Baarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Fabian G. Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Aleksandra E. Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
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29
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Christodoulides M, Heckels J. Novel approaches to Neisseria meningitidis vaccine design. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3078540. [PMID: 28369428 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of vaccines is available for preventing life-threatening diseases caused by infection with Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus, Men). Capsule polysaccharide (CPS)-conjugate vaccines are successful prophylactics for serogroup MenA, MenC, MenW and MenY infections, and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines have been used successfully for controlling clonal serogroup MenB infections. MenB vaccines based on recombinant proteins identified by reverse vaccinology (Bexsero™) and proteomics (Trumenba™) approaches have recently been licensed and Bexsero™ has been introduced into the UK infant immunisation programme. In this review, we chart the development of these licensed vaccines. In addition, we discuss the plethora of novel vaccinology approaches that have been applied to the meningococcus with varying success in pre-clinical studies, but which provide technological platforms for application to other pathogens. These strategies include modifying CPS, lipooligosaccharide and OMV; the use of recombinant proteins; structural vaccinology approaches of designing synthetic peptide/mimetope vaccines, DNA vaccines and engineered proteins; epitope presentation on biological and synthetic particles; through vaccination with live-attenuated pathogen(s), or with heterologous bacteria expressing vaccine antigens, or to competitive occupation of the nasopharyngeal niche by commensal bacterial spp. After close to a century of vaccine research, it is possible that meningococcal disease may be added, shortly, to the list of diseases to have been eradicated worldwide by rigorous vaccination campaigns.
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30
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Donnarumma D, Maestri C, Giammarinaro PI, Capriotti L, Bartolini E, Veggi D, Petracca R, Scarselli M, Norais N. Native State Organization of Outer Membrane Porins Unraveled by HDx-MS. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1794-1800. [PMID: 29619829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDx) associated with mass spectrometry (MS) is emerging as a powerful tool to provide conformational information about membrane proteins. Unfortunately, as for X-ray diffraction and NMR, HDx performed on reconstituted in vitro systems might not always reflect the in vivo environment. Outer-membrane vesicles naturally released by Escherichia coli were used to carry out analysis of native OmpF through HDx-MS. A new protocol compatible with HDx analysis that avoids hindrance from the lipid contents was setup. The extent of deuterium incorporation was in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction data of OmpF as the buried β-barrels incorporated a low amount of deuterium, whereas the internal loop L3 and the external loops incorporated a higher amount of deuterium. Moreover, the kinetics of incorporation clearly highlights that peptides segregate well in two distinct groups based exclusively on a trimeric organization of OmpF in the membrane: peptides presenting fast kinetics of labeling are facing the complex surrounding environment, whereas those presenting slow kinetics are located in the buried core of the trimer. The data show that HDx-MS applied to a complex biological system is able to reveal solvent accessibility and spatial arrangement of an integral outer-membrane protein complex.
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31
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Grandi A, Tomasi M, Zanella I, Ganfini L, Caproni E, Fantappiè L, Irene C, Frattini L, Isaac SJ, König E, Zerbini F, Tavarini S, Sammicheli C, Giusti F, Ferlenghi I, Parri M, Grandi G. Synergistic Protective Activity of Tumor-Specific Epitopes Engineered in Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Oncol 2017; 7:253. [PMID: 29164053 PMCID: PMC5681935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally produced by all Gram-negative bacteria and, thanks to their plasticity and unique adjuvanticity, are emerging as an attractive vaccine platform. To test the applicability of OMVs in cancer immunotherapy, we decorated them with either one or two protective epitopes present in the B16F10EGFRvIII cell line and tested the protective activity of OMV immunization in C57BL/6 mice challenged with B16F10EGFRvIII. Materials and methods The 14 amino acid B cell epitope of human epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) and the mutation-derived CD4+ T cell neo-epitope of kif18b gene (B16-M30) were used to decorate OMVs either alone or in combination. C57BL/6 were immunized with the OMVs and then challenged with B16F10EGFRvIII cells. Immunogenicity and protective activity was followed by measuring anti-EGFRvIII antibodies, M30-specific T cells, tumor-infiltrating cell population, and tumor growth. Results Immunization with engineered EGFRvIII-OMVs induced a strong inhibition of tumor growth after B16F10EGFRvIII challenge. Furthermore, mice immunized with engineered OMVs carrying both EGFRvIII and M30 epitopes were completely protected from tumor challenge. Immunization was accompanied by induction of high anti-EGFRvIII antibody titers, M30-specific T cells, and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at the tumor site. Conclusion OMVs can be decorated with tumor antigens and can elicit antigen-specific, protective antitumor responses in immunocompetent mice. The synergistic protective activity of multiple epitopes simultaneously administered with OMVs makes the OMV platform particularly attractive for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Ganfini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Caproni
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Fantappiè
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Carmela Irene
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Frattini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Samine J Isaac
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico König
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Zerbini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Parri
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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32
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Masforrol Y, Gil J, García D, Noda J, Ramos Y, Betancourt L, Guirola O, González S, Acevedo B, Besada V, Reyes O, González LJ. A deeper mining on the protein composition of VA-MENGOC-BC®: An OMV-based vaccine against N. meningitidis serogroup B and C. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2548-2560. [PMID: 29083947 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1356961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein composition of an Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) preparation that constitutes the active pharmaceutical ingredient of VA-MENGOC-BC®, an effective vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B, and C is presented. This preparation has a high lipid content and five abundant membrane proteins (FetA, PorA, PorB, RmpM, and Opc), constituting approximately 70% of the total protein mass. The protein composition was determined by combining the use of the Hexapeptide Ligand Library and an orthogonal tandem fractionation of tryptic peptides by reverse-phase chromatography at alkaline and acid pH. This approach equalizes the concentration of tryptic peptides derived from low- and high-abundance proteins as well as considerably simplifying the number of peptides analyzed by LC-MS/MS, enhancing the possibility of identifying low-abundance species. Fifty-one percent of the proteins originally annotated as membrane proteins in the genome of the MC58 strain were identified. One hundred and sixty-eight low-abundance cytosolic proteins presumably occluded within OMV were also identified. Four (NadA, NUbp, GNA2091, and fHbp), out of the five antigens constituting the Bexsero® vaccine, were detected in this OMV preparation. In particular, fHbp is also the active principle of the Trumenba® vaccine developed by Pfizer. The HpuA and HpuB gene products (not annotated in the MC58 genome) were identified in the CU385 strain, a clinical isolate that is used to produce this OMV. Considering the proteins identified here and previous work done by our group, the protein catalogue of this OMV preparation was extended to 266 different protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanka Masforrol
- a Peptide Synthesis Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Darien García
- d Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Jesús Noda
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Yassel Ramos
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Lázaro Betancourt
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Osmany Guirola
- c Bioinformatics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Sonia González
- d Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Boris Acevedo
- e Quality Assurance Departments, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana , Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- a Peptide Synthesis Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Luis Javier González
- b Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Proteomics , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
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33
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Gourlay L, Peri C, Bolognesi M, Colombo G. Structure and Computation in Immunoreagent Design: From Diagnostics to Vaccines. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1208-1220. [PMID: 28739221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel immunological tools for efficient diagnosis and treatment of emerging infections are urgently required. Advances in the diagnostic and vaccine development fields are continuously progressing, with reverse vaccinology and structural vaccinology (SV) methods for antigen identification and structure-based antigen (re)design playing increasingly relevant roles. SV, in particular, is predicted to be the front-runner in the future development of diagnostics and vaccines targeting challenging diseases such as AIDS and cancer. We review state-of-the-art methodologies for structure-based epitope identification and antigen design, with specific applicative examples. We highlight the implications of such methods for the engineering of biomolecules with improved immunological properties, potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic uses, and discuss the perspectives of structure-based rational design for the production of advanced immunoreagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gourlay
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Peri
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco, 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco, 9, 20131, Milan, Italy.
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Pastor Y, Camacho A, Gil AG, Ramos R, Ceráin ALD, Peñuelas I, Irache JM, Gamazo C. Effective protection of mice against Shigella flexneri with a new self-adjuvant multicomponent vaccine. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:946-958. [PMID: 28721849 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop an immunogenic protective product against Shigella flexneri by employing a simple and safe heat treatment-based strategy. METHODOLOGY The physicochemical characteristics of naturally produced (OMV) and heat-induced (HT) outer-membrane vesicles from S. flexneri were examined, including a comparison of the protein content of the products. Toxicological and biodistribution studies, and a preliminary experiment to examine the protective effectiveness of HT in a murine model of S. flexneri infection, were also included. RESULTS This method simultaneously achieves complete bacterial inactivation and the production of the HT vaccine product, leading to a safe working process. The obtained HT complex presented a similar morphology (electron microscopy) and chemical composition to the classical OMV, although it was enriched in some immunogens, such as lipoproteins, OmpA or OmpC, among others. The HT formulation was not toxic and biodistribution studies performed in mice demonstrated that the vaccine product remained in the small intestine after nasal administration. Finally, a single dose of HT administered nasally was able to protect mice against S. flexneri 2a. CONCLUSION The convenient and safe manufacturing process, and the preliminary biological evaluation, support the use of the self-adjuvanted HT complex as a new vaccine candidate to face shigellosis. Further development is required, such as additional immune analyses, to evaluate whether this new subunit vaccine can be useful in achieving full protection against Shigella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Pastor
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Gloria Gil
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Ramos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Ceráin
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species, production of OMVs into extracellular milieu seems essential for their survival. Enriched with bioactive proteins, toxins, and virulence factors, OMVs play a critical role in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. Emergence of OMVs as distinct cellular entities helps bacteria in adaptating to diverse niches, in competing with other bacteria to protect members of producer species and more importantly play a crucial role in host-pathogen interaction. Composition of OMV, their ability to modulate host immune response, along with coordinated secretion of bacterial effector proteins, endows them with the armory, which can withstand hostile environments. Study of the OMV production under natural and diverse stress conditions has broadened the horizons, and also opened new frontiers in delineating the molecular machinery involved in disease pathogenesis. Playing diverse biological and pathophysiological functions, OMVs hold a great promise in enabling resurgence of bacterial diseases, in concomitance with the steep decline in the efficiency of antibiotics. Having multifaceted role, their emergence as a causative agent for a series of infectious diseases increases the probability for their exploitation in the development of effective diagnostic tools and as vaccines against diverse pathogenic species of Gram-negative origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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Fantappiè L, Irene C, De Santis M, Armini A, Gagliardi A, Tomasi M, Parri M, Cafardi V, Bonomi S, Ganfini L, Zerbini F, Zanella I, Carnemolla C, Bini L, Grandi A, Grandi G. Some Gram-negative Lipoproteins Keep Their Surface Topology When Transplanted from One Species to Another and Deliver Foreign Polypeptides to the Bacterial Surface. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1348-1364. [PMID: 28483926 PMCID: PMC5500766 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Gram-negative bacteria, outer membrane-associated lipoproteins can either face the periplasm or protrude out of the bacterial surface. The mechanisms involved in lipoprotein transport through the outer membrane are not fully elucidated. Some lipoproteins reach the surface by using species-specific transport machinery. By contrast, a still poorly characterized group of lipoproteins appears to always cross the outer membrane, even when transplanted from one organism to another. To investigate such lipoproteins, we tested the expression and compartmentalization in E. coli of three surface-exposed lipoproteins, two from Neisseria meningitidis (Nm-fHbp and NHBA) and one from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa-fHbp). We found that all three lipoproteins were lipidated and compartmentalized in the E. coli outer membrane and in outer membrane vesicles. Furthermore, fluorescent antibody cell sorting analysis, proteolytic surface shaving, and confocal microscopy revealed that all three proteins were also exposed on the surface of the outer membrane. Removal or substitution of the first four amino acids following the lipidated cysteine residue and extensive deletions of the C-terminal regions in Nm-fHbp did not prevent the protein from reaching the surface of the outer membrane. Heterologous polypeptides, fused to the C termini of Nm-fHbp and NHBA, were efficiently transported to the E. coli cell surface and compartmentalized in outer membrane vesicles, demonstrating that these lipoproteins can be exploited in biotechnological applications requiring Gram-negative bacterial surface display of foreign polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fantappiè
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Carmela Irene
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Micaela De Santis
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armini
- §Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- §Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- ¶Toscana Life Sciences Scientific Park, Via Fiorentina, 1 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafardi
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Bonomi
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Ganfini
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Zerbini
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Carnemolla
- §Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- §Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Grandi
- ¶Toscana Life Sciences Scientific Park, Via Fiorentina, 1 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- From the ‡Synthetic and Structural Vaccinology Unit, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy;
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Lee J, Kim OY, Gho YS. Proteomic profiling of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles: Current perspectives. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:897-909. [PMID: 27480505 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria. Recent progress in the studies of Gram-negative bacterial extracellular vesicles implies that OMVs may function as intercellular communicasomes in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. Current MS-based high-throughput proteomic analyses of Gram-negative bacterial OMVs have identified thousands of vesicular proteins and provided clues to reveal the biogenesis and pathophysiological functions of Gram-negative bacterial OMVs. The future directions of proteomics of Gram-negative bacterial OMVs may include the isolation strategy of Gram-negative bacterial OMVs to thoroughly exclude nonvesicular contaminants and proteomics of Gram-negative bacterial OMVs derived from diverse conditions as well as body fluids of bacterium-infected hosts. We hope this review will shed light on future research in this emerging field of proteomics of extracellular vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contribute to the development of OMV-based diagnostic tools and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Vaccine Potential and Diversity of the Putative Cell Binding Factor (CBF, NMB0345/NEIS1825) Protein of Neisseria meningitidis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160403. [PMID: 27505005 PMCID: PMC4978444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cbf gene from Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 encoding the putative Cell Binding Factor (CBF, NMB0345/NEIS1825) protein was cloned into the pRSETA system and a ~36-kDa recombinant (r)CBF protein expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by metal affinity chromatography. High titres of rCBF antibodies were induced in mice following immunization with rCBF-saline, rCBF-Al(OH)3, rCBF-Liposomes or rCBF-Zwittergent (Zw) 3-14 micelles, both with and without incorporated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvant. Anti-rCBF sera reacted in western blots of meningococcal lysates with a single protein band of molecular mass ~29.5 kDa, indicative of mature CBF protein, but did not react with a lysate of a Δnmb0345 mutant (CBF-), demonstrating specificity of the murine immune responses. CBF protein was produced by all strains of meningococci studied thus far and the protein was present on the surface of MC58 (CBF+) bacteria, but absent on Δnmb0345 mutant (CBF-) bacteria, as judged by FACS reactivity of anti-rCBF sera. Analysis of the NEIS1825 amino acid sequences from 6644 N. meningitidis isolates with defined Alleles in the pubmlst.org/Neisseria database showed that there were 141 ST types represented and there were 136 different allelic loci encoding 49 non-redundant protein sequences. Only 6/6644 (<0.1%) of N. meningitidis isolates lacked the nmb0345 gene. Amongst serogroup B isolates worldwide, ~68% and ~20% expressed CBF encoded by Allele 1 and 18 respectively, with the proteins sharing >99% amino acid identity. Murine antisera to rCBF in Zw 3-14 micelles + MPLA induced significant serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against homologous Allele 1 and heterologous Allele 18 strains, using both baby rabbit serum complement and human serum complement (h)SBA assays, but did not kill strains expressing heterologous protein encoded by Alelle 2 or 3. Furthermore, variable bactericidal activity was induced by murine antisera against different meningococcal strains in the hSBA assay, which may correlate with variable surface exposure of CBF. Regardless, the attributes of amino acid sequence conservation and protein expression amongst different strains and the ability to induce cross-strain bactericidal antibodies indicates that rCBF could be a potential meningococcal vaccine antigen and merits further testing.
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Henderson JC, Zimmerman SM, Crofts AA, Boll JM, Kuhns LG, Herrera CM, Trent MS. The Power of Asymmetry: Architecture and Assembly of the Gram-Negative Outer Membrane Lipid Bilayer. Annu Rev Microbiol 2016; 70:255-78. [PMID: 27359214 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Determining the chemical composition of biological materials is paramount to the study of natural phenomena. Here, we describe the composition of model gram-negative outer membranes, focusing on the predominant assembly, an asymmetrical bilayer of lipid molecules. We also give an overview of lipid biosynthetic pathways and molecular mechanisms that organize this material into the outer membrane bilayer. An emphasis is placed on the potential of these pathways as targets for antibiotic development. We discuss deviations in composition, through bacterial cell surface remodeling, and alternative modalities to the asymmetric lipid bilayer. Outer membrane lipid alterations of current microbiological interest, such as lipid structures found in commensal bacteria, are emphasized. Additionally, outer membrane components could potentially be engineered to develop vaccine platforms. Observations related to composition and assembly of gram-negative outer membranes will continue to generate novel discoveries, broaden biotechnologies, and reveal profound mysteries to compel future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Henderson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Shawn M Zimmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602;
| | - Alexander A Crofts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Joseph M Boll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Lisa G Kuhns
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602;
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602;
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602;
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Proteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins and vesicles of a clinical isolate and a collection strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Proteomics 2016; 142:122-9. [PMID: 27185551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative pathogen with emerging nosocomial incidence that displays a high genomic diversity, complicating the study of its pathogenicity, virulence and resistance factors. The interaction of bacterial pathogens with host cells is largely mediated by outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Indeed, several OMPs of Gram-negative bacteria have been recognized as important virulence factors and targets for host immune recognition or to be involved in mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. OMPs are also present in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which bacteria constitutively secrete to the extracellular milieu and are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. Here, we report the characterization of the OMP and native OMV subproteomes of a clinical isolate (M30) and a collection strain (ATCC13637) of S. maltophilia. We had previously shown that the ATCC13637 strain has an attenuated phenotype in a zebrafish model of infection, as well as a distinct susceptibility profile against a panel of antimicrobials. The protein profiles of the OMP and OMV subproteomes of these two strains and their differences consequently point at pathogenesis, virulence or resistance proteins, such as two variants of the quorum-sensing factor Ax21 that are found to be highly abundant in the OMP fraction and exported to OMVs. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is rapidly climbing positions in the ranking of multidrug-resistant pathogens that are frequently isolated in hospital environments. Being an emerging human pathogen, the knowledge on the factors determining the pathogenicity, virulence and resistance traits of this microorganism is still scarce. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and vesicles (OMVs) are key elements for the interaction of Gram-negative bacteria with their environment -including the host-and have fundamental roles in both infection and resistance processes. The present study sets a first basis for a phenotype-dependent characterisation of the OMP subproteome of S. maltophilia and complements very recent work on the OMV subproteome of this species. The variability found among even two strains demonstrates once more that the analysis of genotypically and phenotypically distinct isolates under various conditions will be required before we can draw a significant picture of the OMP and OMV subproteomes of S. maltophilia.
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Connor DO, Zantow J, Hust M, Bier FF, von Nickisch-Rosenegk M. Identification of Novel Immunogenic Proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Phage Display. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148986. [PMID: 26859666 PMCID: PMC4747489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with more than 100 million new infections per year. A lack of intense research over the last decades and increasing resistances to the recommended antibiotics call for a better understanding of gonococcal infection, fast diagnostics and therapeutic measures against N. gonorrhoeae. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify novel immunogenic proteins as a first step to advance those unresolved problems. For the identification of immunogenic proteins, pHORF oligopeptide phage display libraries of the entire N. gonorrhoeae genome were constructed. Several immunogenic oligopeptides were identified using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against N. gonorrhoeae. Corresponding full-length proteins of the identified oligopeptides were expressed and their immunogenic character was verified by ELISA. The immunogenic character of six proteins was identified for the first time. Additional 13 proteins were verified as immunogenic proteins in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Connor
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jonas Zantow
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank F. Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biosystem Integration and Automation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk
- Department of Bioanalytics and Biosensorics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany
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Abstract
Historically vaccines were produced using whole attenuated or killed pathogens and still a large proportion of current vaccines utilizes such procedure. However, for safety and quality reasons the development of novel vaccines is preferentially based on the selection and use of specific pathogen components which alone are capable of eliciting protective immune responses against the pathogens they derived from. The big challenge for vaccinologists is how to select the right antigens and to combine them with proper immune stimulatory components (adjuvants) in order to induce protective immunity. This Commentary outlines the authors' view on the current and future strategies for the efficient and rapid identification of the most effective protective antigens and adjuvants. Since efficacious subunit-based vaccines against recalcitrant pathogens are likely to require more than one antigen and/or immune stimulator, this poses the problem of how to make such vaccines economically acceptable. In this regard, the authors also present their view of how bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) could become a promising platform for the development of future vaccines. The unique properties of OMVs might be exploited in the field of infectious diseases and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Tomasi
- b CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento ; Trento , Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- b CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento ; Trento , Italy
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) reveals highly pure preparations. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 306:99-108. [PMID: 26746581 PMCID: PMC4820968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane blebs are naturally shed by Gram-negative bacteria and are candidates of interest for vaccines development. Genetic modification of bacteria to induce hyperblebbing greatly increases the yield of blebs, called Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). The composition of the GMMA from hyperblebbing mutants of Shigella flexneri 2a and Shigella sonnei were quantitatively analyzed using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry with the label-free iBAQ procedure and compared to the composition of the solubilized cells of the GMMA-producing strains. There were 2306 proteins identified, 659 in GMMA and 2239 in bacteria, of which 290 (GMMA) and 1696 (bacteria) were common to both S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei. Predicted outer membrane and periplasmic proteins constituted 95.7% and 98.7% of the protein mass of S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei GMMA, respectively. Among the remaining proteins, small quantities of ribosomal proteins collectively accounted for more than half of the predicted cytoplasmic protein impurities in the GMMA. In GMMA, the outer membrane and periplasmic proteins were enriched 13.3-fold (S. flexneri 2a) and 8.3-fold (S. sonnei) compared to their abundance in the parent bacteria. Both periplasmic and outer membrane proteins were enriched similarly, suggesting that GMMA have a similar surface to volume ratio as the surface to periplasmic volume ratio in these mutant bacteria. Results in S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei showed high reproducibility indicating a robust GMMA-producing process and the low contamination by cytoplasmic proteins support the use of GMMA for vaccines. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002517.
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Sheikhi R, Amin M, Hamidinia M, Assarehzadegan MA, Rostami S, Mojtahedi Z. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Two Strains of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B and Neisseria lactamica. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e25228. [PMID: 26855742 PMCID: PMC4735836 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antigenic similarities between Neisseria lactamica as a commensal species and N. meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) as an important cause of meningitis infection have been considered for the development of an effective vaccine based on their common proteins to prevent life-threatening bacterial meningitis. Objectives: The main aims of this study were to determine whole proteome profiles of N. lactamica strains and to compare them with whole proteome profile of a reference strain of NmB for identification of some of common proteins between the two species. Materials and Methods: We compared the whole proteomic profiles of N. lactamica strains and a reference strain of NmB. Lysates from bacterial strains were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by Coomassie Brilliant blue staining. Some of the protein spots were excised from the gel and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) analysis. Results: The analysis of Coomassie-stained gels using ImageMaster 2D Platinum software identified approximately 800 reproducible protein spots in the range of pI 4.5 - 9.5 and Mr of 8 - 100 kDa for each 2-DE gel of the studied bacterial strains. By comparing proteome maps of 2-DE gels, more than 200 common protein spots were recognized between the two species. Forty-eight common protein spots between the studied bacterial strains were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. The results indicated that among the protein spots identified by MOLDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, the groups of proteins included cell surface, energy metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, coenzyme metabolism, defense, multifunctional cellular processes, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, ribosomal structure, regulatory functions, replication, transcription, translation, unknown and hypothetical proteins with unknown function. We found that N. lactamica strains have a proteome profile somewhat similar to each other and slightly different with NmB. Conclusions: These results show the usefulness of proteome analysis in successful identification of the common proteins between N. lactamica strains and NmB. This proteomics analysis is the starting point in the path of knowledge development about whole proteome profiles of N. lactamica strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Sheikhi
- Department of Microbiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Hamidinia
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Zahra Mojtahedi, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7134845794, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-7112303687, E-mail:
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Bittaye M, Cash P. Streptococcus pneumoniae proteomics: determinants of pathogenesis and vaccine development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:607-21. [PMID: 26524107 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen that is responsible for a variety of invasive diseases. The bacteria gain entry initially by establishing a carriage state in the nasopharynx from where they migrate to other sites in the body. The worldwide distribution of the bacteria and the severity of the diseases have led to a significant level of interest in the development of vaccines against the bacteria. Current vaccines, based on the bacterial polysaccharide, have a number of limitations including poor immunogenicity and limited effectiveness against all pneumococcal serotypes. There are many challenges in developing vaccines that will be effective against the diverse range of isolates and serotypes for this highly variable bacterial pathogen. This review considers how proteomic technologies have extended our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of nasopharyngeal colonization and disease development as well as the critical areas in developing protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Bittaye
- a Division of Applied Medicine , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
| | - Phil Cash
- a Division of Applied Medicine , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , Scotland
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van der Pol L, Stork M, van der Ley P. Outer membrane vesicles as platform vaccine technology. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1689-706. [PMID: 26912077 PMCID: PMC4768646 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram-negative bacteria. They present a range of surface antigens in a native conformation and have natural properties like immunogenicity, self-adjuvation and uptake by immune cells which make them attractive for application as vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. In particular with Neisseria meningitidis, they have been investigated extensively and an OMV-containing meningococcal vaccine has recently been approved by regulatory agencies. Genetic engineering of the OMV-producing bacteria can be used to improve and expand their usefulness as vaccines. Recent work on meningitis B vaccines shows that OMVs can be modified, such as for lipopolysaccharide reactogenicity, to yield an OMV product that is safe and effective. The overexpression of crucial antigens or simultaneous expression of multiple antigenic variants as well as the expression of heterologous antigens enable expansion of their range of applications. In addition, modifications may increase the yield of OMV production and can be combined with specific production processes to obtain high amounts of well-defined, stable and uniform OMV particle vaccine products. Further improvement can facilitate the development of OMVs as platform vaccine product for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiel Stork
- Product Development, Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Turner L, Praszkier J, Hutton ML, Steer D, Ramm G, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Ferrero RL. Increased Outer Membrane Vesicle Formation in a Helicobacter pylori tolB Mutant. Helicobacter 2015; 20:269-83. [PMID: 25669590 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have established the importance of the tol-pal gene cluster in bacterial cell membrane integrity and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the functions of Tol-Pal proteins in pathogenic organisms, including those of the Epsilonproteobacteria, remain poorly if at all defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the roles of two key components of the Tol-Pal system, TolB and Pal, in OMV formation in the pathogenic bacterium, Helicobacter pylori. METHODS H. pylori ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal mutants, as well as complemented strains, were generated and assessed for changes in morphology and OMV production by scanning electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. The protein content and pro-inflammatory properties of OMVs were determined by mass spectroscopy and interleukin-8 (IL-8) ELISA on culture supernatants from OMV-stimulated cells, respectively. RESULTS H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria exhibited aberrant cell morphology and/or flagella biosynthesis. Importantly, the disruption of H. pylori tolB but not pal resulted in a significant increase in OMV production. The OMVs from H. pylori ΔtolB and Δpal bacteria harbored many of the major outer membrane and virulence proteins observed in wild-type (WT) OMVs. Interestingly, ΔtolB, Δpal and ΔtolBpal OMVs induced significantly higher levels of IL-8 production by host cells, compared with WT OMVs. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that TolB and Pal are important for membrane integrity in H. pylori. Moreover, it shows how H. pylori tolB-pal genes may be manipulated to develop "hypervesiculating" strains for vaccine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda Turner
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Judyta Praszkier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie L Hutton
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - David Steer
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, (3800), Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, (3168), Victoria, Australia
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Application of “Omics” Technologies for Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Neurological Infections. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hung MC, Humbert MV, Laver JR, Phillips R, Heckels JE, Christodoulides M. A putative amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein, NMB1612, from Neisseria meningitidis, induces murine bactericidal antibodies against meningococci expressing heterologous NMB1612 proteins. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26207592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nmb1612 (NEIS1533) gene encoding the ~27-kDa putative amino acid ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, periplasmic substrate-binding protein from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) strain MC58 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant (r)NMB1612 was used for animal immunization studies. Immunization of mice with rNMB1612 adsorbed to Al(OH)3 and in liposomes with and without MPLA, induced antiserum with bactericidal activity in an assay using baby rabbit complement, against the homologous strain MC58 (encoding protein representative of Allele 62) and killed heterologous strains encoding proteins of three other alleles (representative of Alleles 1, 64 and 68), with similar SBA titres. However, strain MC58 was not killed (titre <4) in a human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) using anti-rNMB1612 sera, although another strain (MC168) expressing the same protein was killed (median titres of 16-64 in the hSBA). Analysis of the NMB1612 amino acid sequences from 4351 meningococcal strains in the pubmlst.org/Neisseria database and a collection of 13 isolates from colonized individuals and from patients, showed that antibodies raised against rNMB1612 could potentially kill at least 72% of the MenB strains in the complete sequence database. For MenB disease occurring specifically in the UK from 2013 to 2015, >91% of the isolates causing disease in this recent period expressed NMB1612 protein encoded by Allele 1 and could be potentially killed by sera raised to the recombinant antigen in the current study. The NMB1612 protein was surface-accessible and expressed by different meningococcal strains. In summary, the properties of (i) NMB1612 protein conservation and expression, (ii) limited amino acid sequence variation between proteins encoded by different alleles, and (iii) the ability of a recombinant protein to induce cross-strain bactericidal antibodies, would all suggest a promising antigen for consideration for inclusion in new meningococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Chiu Hung
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - María Victoria Humbert
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - Jay R Laver
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - Renee Phillips
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - John E Heckels
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom.
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Cahill BK, Seeley KW, Gutel D, Ellis TN. Klebsiella pneumoniae O antigen loss alters the outer membrane protein composition and the selective packaging of proteins into secreted outer membrane vesicles. Microbiol Res 2015; 180:1-10. [PMID: 26505306 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen which naturally secretes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cell envelope associated proteins into the environment through the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The loss of the LPS O antigen has been demonstrated in other bacterial species to significantly alter the composition of OMVs. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of O antigen loss on the sub-proteomes of both the outer membrane and secreted OMVs from K. pneumoniae. As determined by LC-MS/MS, OMVs were highly enriched with outer membrane proteins involved in cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis as compared to the source cellular outer membrane. Deletion of wbbO, the enzyme responsible for O antigen attachment to LPS, decreased but did not eliminate this enrichment effect. Additionally, loss of O antigen resulted in OMVs with increased numbers of proteins involved in post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones as compared to secreted vesicles from the wild type. This alteration of OMV composition may be a compensatory mechanism to deal with envelope stress. This comprehensive analysis confirms the highly distinct protein composition of OMVs as compared to their source membrane, and provides evidence for a selective sorting mechanism that involves LPS polysaccharides. These data support the hypothesis that modifications to LPS alters both the mechanics of protein sorting and the contents of secreted OMVs and significantly impacts the protein composition of the outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethaney K Cahill
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Kent W Seeley
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dedra Gutel
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Terri N Ellis
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
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