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Poulsen VV, Hadi A, Werge MP, Karstensen JG, Novovic S. Circulating Biomarkers Involved in the Development of and Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis-A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38397476 PMCID: PMC10887223 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is the end-stage of continuous inflammation and fibrosis in the pancreas evolving from acute- to recurrent acute-, early, and, finally, end-stage CP. Currently, prevention is the only way to reduce disease burden. In this setting, early detection is of great importance. Due to the anatomy and risks associated with direct sampling from pancreatic tissue, most of our information on the human pancreas arises from circulating biomarkers thought to be involved in pancreatic pathophysiology or injury. The present review provides the status of circulating biomarkers involved in the development of and progression to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valborg Vang Poulsen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Amer Hadi
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Mikkel Parsberg Werge
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srdan Novovic
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Asuka T, Kamada Y, Morishita K, Fukuoka T, Takamatsu S, Kondo J, Watanabe M, Sakai N, Hayakawa K, Miyoshi E. Twin research shows glycan changes are more susceptible to environmental factors than their carrier glycoproteins. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:191-198. [PMID: 36787035 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in protein glycosylation are clinically used as biomarkers. In the present study, we employed a twin cohort to investigate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to glycan modifications of glycoproteins. Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2 bp), haptoglobin (Hp), and their glycosylated forms are liver fibrosis and cancer biomarkers. Sera from 107 twin pairs without clinical information were used as a training cohort for the Mac-2 bp and Mac-2 bp glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) assay. As a validation cohort, 22 twin pairs were enrolled in the study. For each twin pair, one twin was diagnosed with liver or pancreatic disease. For the training cohort, the correlation ratios of serum Mac-2 bp and M2BPGi levels in twin sera with random sequences were 0.30 and 0.018, respectively. The correlation ratios between twin pairs in the validation cohort for serum Mac-2 bp and M2BPGi levels were 0.75 and 0.35, respectively. In contrast, correlation ratios of serum Hp and fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hp) levels between twin sera with liver and pancreatic disease were 0.49 and 0.16, respectively. Although serum protein levels of glycoproteins are susceptible to genetic factors, characteristic glycan changes of these glycoproteins are more susceptible to environmental factors, including liver and pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Morishita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Laboratory of Child Healthcare and Genetic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hayakawa
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Yuan R, Zhang Y, Deng L, Yu X, Zhuang K, Chen X, Cao Q, Ping H, Ke H, Gui X, Yang R. A novel plasma proteomic-based model for predicting liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co-infected adults. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28222. [PMID: 36237173 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To establish a plasma model to predict the risk of liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. Quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in plasma collected from HIV/HBV co-infected individuals with and without liver fibrosis. In total, 97 DEPs were identified, among which 11 were further validated as potential biomarkers, with immunoglobulin and complement components being the most common proteins. These markedly altered proteins were found to mediate pathophysiological pathways, including humoral immune response, complement and coagulation cascades, and complement activation. A visual logistic model, in which immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-20 (IGHV3-20), immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-24 (IGHV1-24), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) proteins were included, has been established to predict liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. The preliminary conclusion showed that the combination of IGHV3-20, IGFHV1-24, and CSF1R is expected to become a predictive model for liver fibrosis in the context of HIV/HBV co-infection and a further validation should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxia Yu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiqin Ping
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xien Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Iwasa M, Eguchi A, Tamai Y, Shigefuku R, Nakagawa R, Hasegawa H, Kondo J, Morikawa M, Miyoshi E, Nakagawa H. Elevation of enterococcus-specific antibodies associated with bacterial translocation is predictive of survival rate in chronic liver disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:982128. [PMID: 36035413 PMCID: PMC9403143 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.982128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/purposeThe gut-liver axis contributes to disease progression, a rise in infection rate, organ failure and a poor overall outcome in chronic liver diseases (CLD). Monitoring of the gut-liver axis is critical in understanding disease status, but biomarkers have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the level of serum antibodies against Enterococcus (E.) faecalis in evaluating patients with CLD, including those treated with rifaximin (a minimally absorbed antibiotic), and in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).Materials and methodsWe enrolled 109 CLD patients (cohort 1), 30 hepatic encephalopathy patients treated with rifaximin (cohort 2), 53 inpatients with ALD undergoing alcohol cessation (cohort 3) and 33 healthy subjects. To assess the consequences of E. faecalis translocation, we developed an assay for the detection of a serum antibody against E. faecalis capsular polysaccharide (E.CPS).ResultsSerum E.CPS antibody titer was elevated only in those patients with advanced CLD and ALD. The E.CPS antibody titer was an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.05), while Mac-2 binding protein and albumin-bilirubin score were not independent predictors of survival. The improvement of predictive model in integrated factors was significant [continuous net reclassification index (value 0.699, p < 0.05) and integrated discrimination improvement (value 0.164, p = 0.051)]. Furthermore, rifaximin treatment led to a decrease of serum E.CPS antibody titer resulting in a significantly longer overall rate of survival.ConclusionThe E.CPS antibody titer appears to be a strong predictor of survival in CLD patients. Serum E.CPS levels decrease in CLD patients receiving rifaximin, and may be associated with an overall improvement in rate of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akiko Eguchi,
| | - Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuta Shigefuku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Shear-Wave Elastography Using Commercially Available Ultrasound in a Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord4030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastography is currently used clinically to diagnose the degree of liver stiffness. We sought to develop a shear-wave elastography (SWE) measurement method using ultrasound in mice and to compare its results with those of other noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis. We divided male mice into three groups (normal (G1), liver fibrosis (G2), and fatty liver (G3)). We measured mouse liver SWE values and compared them with T1rho and T2 values from magnetic resonance imaging results. We also compared the SWE values with the expression levels of a serum liver fibrosis biomarker (Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP)) and hepatic genes. SWE values significantly increased over time in G2 but did not change in G3. T1rho values in G2 and G3 were significantly increased compared with those in G1. T2 values in G2 did not increase compared with those in group 1. T2 values in G3 significantly increased compared with those in groups 1 and 2. In G2, SWE values significantly and positively correlated with T1rho values. SWE values significantly correlated with serum M2BP levels in G2 but did not correlate with inflammatory gene expression. We could measure SWE values to assess the degree of liver fibrosis in mouse models of liver disease.
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Kamada Y, Nakahara T, Munekage K, Fujii H, Sawai Y, Doi Y, Ono M, Hyogo H, Sumida Y, Morishita K, Asuka T, Ouchida T, Imai Y, Miyoshi E. Serum Mac-2 binding protein level predicts the development of liver-related events and colorectal cancer in patients with NAFLD. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1527-1536. [PMID: 35478356 PMCID: PMC9234644 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP) is a useful biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly NAFLD fibrosis prediction. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of M2BP in patients with NAFLD. A total of 506 patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD from 2002 to 2013 were enrolled in this study in Japan. Three hundred fifty-three of these patients with NAFLD were available for follow-up for more than 100 days and showed no liver-related events at the time of entry. Liver-related events were defined as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation, and gastroesophageal varices with variceal treatment. The mean follow-up duration of all the subjects was 2716 ± 1621 days (102-7483 days). Eighteen patients developed new liver-related events (HCC, 8; decompensation, 11; varices, 8). Nine patients developed cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 24 patients developed new cancers in other organs. The median serum M2BP level was 1.603 μg/mL, and we divided our cohort into two groups according to the serum M2BP level: M2BP low group (M2BP Low) and M2BP high group (M2BP Hi). The incidence of HCC was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 8) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). The incidence of liver-related events was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 16) than in M2BP Low (n = 2). The incidences of death, CVD events, and cancer in other organs were not different between the groups. Interestingly, the incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 5) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). Conclusion: M2BP is a useful biomarker to predict liver-related events, particularly HCC. Additionally, M2BP is a potential predictive biomarker of colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic HepatologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismHiroshima University, HiroshimaHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKochi Medical SchoolNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of HepatologyOsaka Municipal University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sawai
- Department of GastroenterologyIkeda Municipal HospitalIkedaOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshinori Doi
- Department of GastroenterologyOtemae HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & PancreatologyKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Hyogo Life Care Clinic HiroshimaHiroshimaJapan.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJA Hiroshima General HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and PancreatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteJapan
| | - Koichi Morishita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuharu Imai
- Department of GastroenterologyIkeda Municipal HospitalIkedaOsakaJapan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsakaJapan
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An Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Xu X, Philips CA, Chen J, Méndez-Sánchez N, Guo X, Qi X. Role of Galectins in the Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:744518. [PMID: 34778306 PMCID: PMC8578830 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are related to the development and progression of various human diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. However, its role in liver diseases is unclear. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were pooled to evaluate the association of the galectins with the outcomes and risk of liver diseases by a random effects model. Results: Thirty three studies involving 43 cohorts and 4,168 patients with liver diseases were included. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high expression of galectin-1 and -3 in the tissues was significantly associated with worse overall survival (galectin-1: HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.61-2.34, p < 0.001; galectin-3: HR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.62-6.68, p < 0.001) and positive vascular invasion (galectin-1: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.18-2.58, p = 0.005; galectin-3: OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.58-5.60, p = 0.001); but, high expression of galectin-4 and -9 in the tissues was significantly associated with better overall survival (galectin-4: HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79, p = 0.002; galectin-9: HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.44-0.71, p < 0.001) and negative vascular invasion (galectin-4: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19-0.72, p = 0.003; galectin-9: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.97, p = 0.037). Serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.79-4.32, p < 0.001), liver failure (MD = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23-0.66, p < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (MD = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.15-2.51, p < 0.001), and chronic active hepatitis B (MD = 18.95, 95% CI = 10.91-27.00, p < 0.001); serum galectin-9 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.57-4.91, p < 0.001) and autoimmune hepatitis (MD = 8.80, 95% CI = 7.61-9.99, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High galectin-1 and -3 and low galectin-4 and -9 expression indicate worse outcomes of patients with HCC. Serum galectin-3 and -9 levels are positively associated with the risk of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Unit and Monarch Liver Laboratory, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, India
| | - Jiang Chen
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Nagaoka K, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y. Mac-2 binding protein and its glycan isomer: Where does it come from? Where is it going? Hepatol Res 2021; 51:1026-1028. [PMID: 34596313 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Public Health and Welfare Bureau, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Uekita H, Yamamoto H, Niinaga R, Yamane N, Yoshii M, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Kihara S. Reciprocal association of serum Mac-2 binding protein and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:142-148. [PMID: 33571485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) is used as a serum biomarker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, considered to be a liver phenotype of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we investigated the serum Mac-2BP concentrations-correlated MetS-related clinical parameters in vivo, and the underlying mechanism in vitro. MATERIALS & METHODS We enrolled 54 healthy Japanese men who underwent health examination at Osaka University Health Care Center in this study. Physical and serum biochemical parameters were obtained from all the subjects. In the cultured HepG2 cells, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on the expression of Mac-2BP, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were studied. RESULTS Serum Mac-2BP concentrations correlated negatively with HDL-C, and positively with body mass index and systolic blood pressure in univariate analysis. These results suggested the association between Mac-2BP and MetS, although none of these 3 parameters had significant correlation with serum Mac-2BP concentrations in multivariate analysis. In HepG2 cells, IFN-γ stimulation resulted in the increased Mac-2BP and the decreased ABCA1 and apo A-I mRNA concentrations, while Mac-2BP had no effects on ABCA1 and apo A-I concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The serum Mac-2BP concentrations are negatively correlated with HDL-C concentrations in healthy subjects, as a result of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Uekita
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryu Niinaga
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Yoshii
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kogachi S, Noureddin M. Noninvasive Evaluation for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Clin Ther 2021; 43:455-472. [PMID: 33581876 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and has the potential risk for progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with a greater risk for complications of chronic liver disease. Noninvasive testing has been evaluated for diagnosis, risk stratification, disease progression, and assessing response to therapy. The purpose of this narrative review was to outline the current noninvasive testing modalities for the diagnostic evaluation of NAFLD and NASH, while discussing possible markers that could be used for monitoring response to therapies. METHODS The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles that evaluated the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH with serum biomarkers and/or imaging. FINDINGS Serum biomarkers, imaging modalities, and combinations/serial algorithms involved in the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH are outlined. In addition, noninvasive modalities that have been used for assessing response to therapies in clinical trials are discussed. IMPLICATIONS Liver biopsy currently remains the gold standard for diagnosis and is often used in clinical trials to assess treatment response. However, developing safe and accessible noninvasive modalities for diagnosis and monitoring will have greater impact and relevance, as biopsy may not always be feasible in all clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kogachi
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Zhen S, Cai R, Yang X, Ma Y, Wen D. Association of Serum Galectin-3-Binding Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Adult Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:726154. [PMID: 34858323 PMCID: PMC8631730 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3-binding protein (GAL-3BP) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional secreted glycoprotein, which functions in innate immunity and has been highlighted as a potential mediator of adipose inflammation in obesity. In this study, we aimed to identify whether GAL-3BP is a novel biological marker for metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS The biochemical and anthropometric variables of the 570 participants in this study were evaluated using standard procedures. Their serum GAL-3BP levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the association between the glycoprotein and MetS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Moreover, an experimental MetS model was established. The expression of GAL-3BP in serum and adipose tissue was measured using ELISA and western blotting. Lipid accumulation was determined with the use of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The serum GAL-3BP level was found to be positively associated with MetS. The logistic regression analyses demonstrated that participants expressing the upper levels of GAL-3BP were more likely to develop MetS than those expressing less of the glycoprotein (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.49, 3.83). The association between the serum GAL-3BP level and MetS was found preferentially in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.31, 4.05). In addition, GAL-3BP was increased in the serum and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of high fat diet (HFD) mice. Moreover, GAL-3BP was highly expressed in VAT macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed serum GAL-3BP to be positively associated with MetS, highlighting it as a useful biological marker of MetS in Chinese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoxin Cai
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Deliang Wen,
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13
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Kamada Y, Yamamoto A, Fujiyoshi A, Koseki M, Morishita K, Asuka T, Takamatsu S, Sakata Y, Takehara T, Taniguchi N, Miyoshi E. Loss of core fucosylation reduces low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in hepatocytes by inducing PCSK9 production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:682-688. [PMID: 32423823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylation is a type of glycosylation, a form of post-transcriptional regulation of proteins, involved in cancer and inflammation. It involves the attachment of a fucose residue to N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycolipids, which is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called fucosyltransferases (Futs). Among the many Futs, α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is the only enzyme that produces α-1,6-fucosylated oligosaccharides (core fucose). In the human liver, the expression and activity of Fut8 are frequently elevated during progression of chronic liver diseases. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a well-known negative regulator of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Here, we found that loss of core fucose in immortalized hepatocytes led to LDLR downregulation through a dramatic induction of PCSK9. We used the immortalized hepatocytes derived from Fut8 knockout mice or a Fut8 knockdown AML12 hepatocyte cell line. Using these cells, we investigated the effects of Fut8 on hepatocyte cholesterol influx. Both cell lines had reduced LDLR protein levels, resulting from marked increases in PCSK9 expression. Intracellular cholesterol levels were significantly lower and LDL cholesterol uptake was suppressed in Fut8-KO cells. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α accumulated in nuclei of Fut8-KO hepatocytes, which mediated increases in PCSK9 mRNA expression. Our findings demonstrated that loss of core fucosylation promoted degradation of LDLR and impaired cholesterol uptake, which is a novel mechanism that regulates cholesterol influx, suggesting that Fut8 might be a novel causative gene for familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anna Fujiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Morishita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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14
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Kamada Y, Morishita K, Koseki M, Nishida M, Asuka T, Naito Y, Yamada M, Takamatsu S, Sakata Y, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. Serum Mac-2 Binding Protein Levels Associate with Metabolic Parameters and Predict Liver Fibrosis Progression in Subjects with Fatty Liver Disease: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061770. [PMID: 32545650 PMCID: PMC7353396 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP) is a highly glycosylated secreted glycoprotein that is involved in immune defense and regulation. Our cross-sectional studies indicated that serum M2BP was a useful liver fibrosis biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we conducted a 7-year longitudinal study to investigate the significance of serum M2BP levels (baseline and at 7-year follow-up) and their relationships with other metabolic parameters of fatty liver disease. Methods: We enrolled 715 study subjects (521 male and 194 female) during health examinations. Study subjects received blood sampling tests and abdominal ultrasound tests at baseline and follow-up. Results: Univariate analyses demonstrated that serum M2BP levels were significantly correlated with various parameters related to metabolic risk (body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol) and metabolic syndrome diseases (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver (FL)). Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that BMI and FL were independent determinants for serum M2BP levels. Baseline serum M2BP levels were significant independent determinants for changes in platelet count, Fibrosis-4 (FIB4) index, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Higher serum M2BP levels (>1.80 μg/mL) strongly correlated with changes in the FIB4-index. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that changes in serum M2BP levels reflect changes in specific metabolic disease-related parameters, and baseline serum M2BP levels could predict changes in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Koichi Morishita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mayu Nishida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Yukiko Naito
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.); (M.N.); (T.A.); (Y.N.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2590
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15
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Eguchi Y, Wong G, Akhtar O, Sumida Y. Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in Japan: A targeted literature review. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:645-655. [PMID: 32307859 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the invasive nature of liver biopsy, it remains the current standard for diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis staging. Given the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japan, there is a need for reliable non-invasive tests to accurately and efficiently identify NASH and advanced (F3/F4) fibrosis. A review of published works from English and Japanese sources was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and Ichushi Web to identify studies reporting diagnostic characteristics of NITs in biopsy-proven Japanese NAFLD/NASH patients including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance of non-invasive tests for two diagnostic questions were assessed, namely: (i) identifying NASH cases among NAFLD; and (ii) distinguishing advanced fibrosis (F3-4) from milder fibrosis (F0-2). Twenty-five studies reported outcomes for serum biomarkers, imaging, scoring systems, and novel complex techniques (based on multivariable regression models) for both diagnostic questions. Serum biomarkers were the most commonly assessed method for NASH identification, whereas scoring systems and imaging techniques were most commonly studied for fibrosis staging. In general, tests for NASH identification showed higher PPVs than NPVs, suggesting their usefulness in identifying probable NASH cases. The reverse was observed for fibrosis staging, with higher NPVs than PPVs, suggesting their use in excluding patients at low risk of F3/F4 disease rather than identifying definite F3/F4 fibrosis. In Japanese studies, simple scoring systems and imaging techniques showed particular usefulness in prediction of fibrosis staging, and combinations of serum biomarkers showed diagnostic potential for NASH screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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16
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Fujii H, Kawada N. The Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113863. [PMID: 32485838 PMCID: PMC7312931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in patients without significant alcohol consumption, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis, with NASH recently shown as an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a close relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD, with a five-fold higher prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to that in patients without T2DM. IR is involved in the progression of disease conditions such as steatosis and NASH, as well as hepatic fibrosis progression. The mechanisms underlying these processes involve genetic factors, hepatic fat accumulation, alterations in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types including immune cells. In NASH-associated fibrosis, the principal cell type responsible for extracellular matrix production is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC). HSC activation by IR involves “direct” and “indirect” pathways. This review will describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in IR, the relationship between T2DM and hepatic fibrosis, and the relationship between T2DM and HCC in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujii
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan;
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3897
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17
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Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Triglyceride and Its Ratio to LDL-Cholesterol as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:1206-1215. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease, but it is difficult to distinguish its pathogenic phenotype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) without a liver biopsy. We analyzed serum lipids, including low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG), to elucidate their usefulness for diagnosing NASH.
Patients and Methods
Serum samples obtained from 35 NASH and 9 NAFL biopsy-confirmed patients and 6 healthy volunteers (HLT) were studied for 13 lipid-related markers and compared between HLT, NAFL, and NASH groups. The relationship between histological findings and the lipid markers was also analyzed.
Results
There were significant differences in triglyceride, LDL-TG, the ratio of LDL-TG to the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-TG/LDL-C), small dense LDL-C, and apolipoprotein E between the three groups. Among the 5 lipid components, serum LDL-TG level and the ratio of LDL-TG to the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-TG/LDL-C) were significantly elevated in NASH. The median concentrations of LDL-TG in HLT, NAFL, and NASH were 9, 15, and 20 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and those of LDL-TG/LDL-C were 0.097, 0.102, and 0.173 (P < 0.001), respectively. Although the degree of steatosis was not correlated with the LDL-TG/LDL-C, the ratio was significantly higher in patients with lobular inflammation (P = 0.071), ballooning (P = 0.031), and fibrosis (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ratio for distinguishing NASH from NAFL was 0.857. The rest of studied markers showed no significant utility.
Conclusion
Serum LDL-TG levels and the LDL-TG/LDL-C ratio might serve as simple and noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for NASH.
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Mac-2 binding protein in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Is it a reliable diagnostic biomarker? A pilot study. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:28-34. [PMID: 32166121 PMCID: PMC7062116 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.93053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study This study aimed to assess the level of serum Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and methods Forty patients with NAFLD and 15 healthy sex- and age-matched subjects were included in this pilot study. Serum Mac-2BP level was measured using ELISA. Liver biopsy was taken from 20 patients. Results There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding the level of Mac-2BP (p = 0.209). Mac-2BP had a statistically significant correlation with the grade of lobular inflammation (r = 0.464, p = 0.039). The Mac-2BP cut-off value used for NASH prediction was 9.55 µg/ml, with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusions This study showed that Mac-2BP is not elevated in NAFLD patients compared to controls. It also demonstrated that the reliability of Mac-2BP as a biomarker for NAFLD diagnosis is still controversial and needs more investigation.
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Miyoshi E, Kamada Y, Suzuki T. Functional glycomics: Application to medical science and hepatology. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:153-164. [PMID: 31750967 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics refers to the comprehensive analysis of glycans. Recent progress in glycotechnology enables the determination of a variety of biological functions of glycans. Among different glycosylation patterns, certain types of aberrant glycosylation are linked to cancer and/or inflammation, and thus have biological importance. Glycotechnology has been applied to many fields of medical science, including hepatology. In particular, dramatic changes in glycosylation are observed in the progression of liver diseases. As the liver produces so many serum glycoproteins, changes in glycosylation of these proteins might provide useful disease biomarkers. Furthermore, many patients with genetic diseases of glycosylation who have liver dysfunction have been found as a result from whole genome sequencing, and various kinds of glycotherapy have been developed, especially in immunotherapy. In this review, we describe our basic knowledge of glycobiology and discuss the application of these data to medical science, especially hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Wako, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Veyel D, Wenger K, Broermann A, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Krawczyk B, Rist W, Simon E. Biomarker discovery for chronic liver diseases by multi-omics - a preclinical case study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1314. [PMID: 31992752 PMCID: PMC6987209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major cause of liver fibrosis with increasing prevalence worldwide. Currently there are no approved drugs available. The development of new therapies is difficult as diagnosis and staging requires biopsies. Consequently, predictive plasma biomarkers would be useful for drug development. Here we present a multi-omics approach to characterize the molecular pathophysiology and to identify new plasma biomarkers in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet rat NASH model. We analyzed liver samples by RNA-Seq and proteomics, revealing disease relevant signatures and a high correlation between mRNA and protein changes. Comparison to human data showed an overlap of inflammatory, metabolic, and developmental pathways. Using proteomics analysis of plasma we identified mainly secreted proteins that correlate with liver RNA and protein levels. We developed a multi-dimensional attribute ranking approach integrating multi-omics data with liver histology and prior knowledge uncovering known human markers, but also novel candidates. Using regression analysis, we show that the top-ranked markers were highly predictive for fibrosis in our model and hence can serve as preclinical plasma biomarkers. Our approach presented here illustrates the power of multi-omics analyses combined with plasma proteomics and is readily applicable to human biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veyel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wenger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Krawczyk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany.
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Computational Biology, Birkendorfer Str. 65, D-88397, Biberach Riss, Germany.
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Verhelst X, Dias AM, Colombel JF, Vermeire S, Van Vlierberghe H, Callewaert N, Pinho SS. Protein Glycosylation as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Chronic Inflammatory Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:95-110. [PMID: 31626754 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are sequences of carbohydrates that are added to proteins or lipids to modulate their structure and function. Glycans modify proteins required for regulation of immune cells, and alterations have been associated with inflammatory conditions. For example, specific glycans regulate T-cell activation, structures, and functions of immunoglobulins; interactions between microbes and immune and epithelial cells; and malignant transformation in the intestine and liver. We review the effects of protein glycosylation in regulation of gastrointestinal and liver functions, and how alterations in glycosylation serve as diagnostic or prognostic factors, or as targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana M Dias
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Severine Vermeire
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yamada N, Katano T, Hirata Y, Okada N, Sanada Y, Ihara Y, Urahashi T, Ushijima K, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Mizuta K. Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer predicts the activation of hepatic stellate cells after liver transplantation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:418-424. [PMID: 30101431 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel fibrosis marker for various chronic liver diseases. We investigated the ability of M2BPGi to predict liver fibrosis in liver transplant (LT) recipients. METHODS A total of 116 liver biopsies were performed in 113 LT recipients. The serum level of M2BPGi was also measured on the same day. The median age at LT and liver biopsy was 1.1 and 11.8 years, respectively. Serum M2BPGi levels and liver fibrosis status using METAVIR fibrosis score were compared. Immunohistological evaluation by anti-α-smooth-muscle actin (αSMA) was performed, and the relationship between αSMA positive rate and serum M2BPGi levels was investigated. RESULTS The median M2BPGi level was 0.78 (range, 0.22-9.50), and 65, 29, 16, 5, and 1 patient(s) had METAVIR fibrosis scores of F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. In patients with F0 fibrosis, median M2BPGi level was 0.69 and was significantly lower than in patients with F1 (median 0.99, P < 0.01), F2 (median 1.00, P = 0.01), and F3 fibrosis (median 1.53, P < 0.01). Area-under-the-curve analysis of the ability of M2BPGi level to predict liver fibrosis grade were > F1: 0.716, > F2: 0.720, and > F3: 0.900. Three patients with acute cellular rejection showed high levels of M2BPGi, which decreased after the treatment. A positive correlation existed between M2BPGi levels and αSMA positive rate (r2 = 0.715, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer is a novel liver fibrosis marker in LT recipients and is also increased in patients with acute liver injuries, especially acute cellular rejection, even when fibrosis is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamada
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takumi Katano
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuta Hirata
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriki Okada
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sanada
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ihara
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taizen Urahashi
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Mizuta
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Sayiner M, Lam B, Golabi P, Younossi ZM. Advances and challenges in the management of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818811508. [PMID: 30479664 PMCID: PMC6243399 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818811508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common type of chronic liver disease worldwide. From the spectrum of NAFLD, it is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that predominantly predisposes patients to higher risk for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is growing evidence that the risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is not uniform among all patients with NASH. In fact, NASH patients with increasing numbers of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, visceral obesity and dyslipidemia are at a higher risk of mortality. Additionally, patients with higher stage of liver fibrosis are also at increased risk of mortality. In this context, NASH patients with fibrosis are in the most urgent need of treatment. Also, the first line of treatment for NASH is lifestyle modification with diet and exercise. Nevertheless, the efficacy of lifestyle modification is quite limited. Additionally, vitamin E and pioglitazone may be considered for subset of patients with NASH. There are various medications targeting one or more steps in the pathogenesis of NASH being developed. These drug regimens either alone or in combination, may provide potential treatment option for patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sayiner
- Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Brian Lam
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Pegah Golabi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
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24
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Cai H, Lu S, Chen Y, Das MBBS MRCOG S, Niu Z, Zhuo G, Lai L, Zhang Z. Serum retinol binding protein 4 and galectin-3 binding protein as novel markers for postmenopausal nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Biochem 2018; 56:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Verhaegh P, Bavalia R, Winkens B, Masclee A, Jonkers D, Koek G. Noninvasive Tests Do Not Accurately Differentiate Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis From Simple Steatosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:837-861. [PMID: 28838784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a rapidly increasing health problem. Liver biopsy analysis is the most sensitive test to differentiate between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and simple steatosis (SS), but noninvasive methods are needed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of noninvasive tests for differentiating NASH from SS, focusing on blood markers. METHODS We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Medline and Embase (1990-2016) databases using defined keywords, limited to full-text papers in English and human adults, and identified 2608 articles. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and identified 122 eligible articles that used liver biopsy as reference standard. If at least 2 studies were available, pooled sensitivity (sensp) and specificity (specp) values were determined using the Meta-Analysis Package for R (metafor). RESULTS In the 122 studies analyzed, 219 different blood markers (107 single markers and 112 scoring systems) were identified to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis, and 22 other diagnostic tests were studied. Markers identified related to several pathophysiological mechanisms. The markers analyzed in the largest proportions of studies were alanine aminotransferase (sensp, 63.5% and specp, 74.4%) within routine biochemical tests, adiponectin (sensp, 72.0% and specp, 75.7%) within inflammatory markers, CK18-M30 (sensp, 68.4% and specp, 74.2%) within markers of cell death or proliferation and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (sensp, 69.0% and specp, 72.7%) within the metabolic markers. Two scoring systems could also be pooled: the NASH test (differentiated NASH from borderline NASH plus simple steatosis with 22.9% sensp and 95.3% specp) and the GlycoNASH test (67.1% sensp and 63.8% specp). CONCLUSION In the meta-analysis, we found no test to differentiate NASH from SS with a high level of pooled sensitivity and specificity (≥80%). However, some blood markers, when included in scoring systems in single studies, identified patients with NASH with ≥80% sensitivity and specificity. Replication studies and more standardized study designs are urgently needed. At present, no marker or scoring system can be recommended for use in clinical practice to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Verhaegh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roisin Bavalia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistic, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ger Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Qiu Y, Wang S, Wan T, Ye M, Jiang R, Pei L, Yang L. Blood-based novel biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomark Med 2018; 12:501-515. [PMID: 29712439 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become a social health challenge of global concern. The term nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe condition than simple steatosis and distinguishing NASH from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is particularly important. Liver biopsy remains a gold standard in diagnosing NASH. Meanwhile, radiological techniques such as ultrasonography and MRI are also applied widely. However, the invasive and expensive examination is not suitable for screening, and there is a great need for reliable and appropriate biomarkers to screen patients for NASH. Based on the current studies of blood-based novel biomarkers, we attempt to summarize the latest findings on biomarkers for NASH, including blood biomarkers encompassing proteins, lipids and miRNAs; the correlation between extracellular vesicles and NASH; and treatment strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Sufan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Mingtong Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
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27
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Atsukawa M, Tsubota A, Okubo T, Arai T, Nakagawa A, Itokawa N, Kondo C, Kato K, Hatori T, Hano H, Oikawa T, Emoto N, Abe M, Kage M, Iwakiri K. Serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein more reliably distinguishes liver fibrosis stages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than serum Mac-2 binding protein. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:424-432. [PMID: 29274190 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Serum Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP) and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA+ -M2BP) are used to estimate the liver fibrosis stage in chronic liver diseases. However, few head-to-head studies have been carried out to compare the two biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Serum M2BP and WFA+ -M2BP levels were compared against clinical characteristics and liver histological manifestations in the same samples collected from 213 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. RESULTS Median levels (range) of M2BP and WFA+ -M2BP were 1.58 (0.70-7.75) pg/mL and 0.85 (0.22-11.32) cut-off index (COI), respectively. Fibrosis stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined in 136, 37, 17, and 23 patients, respectively. Median levels of both biomarkers increased stepwise with fibrosis progression. The M2BP and WFA+ -M2BP levels showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.643, P = 2.91 × 10-26 ), but a marked discrepancy between both biomarkers was noted in five stage 4 and three stage 1 patients, who had high WFA+ -M2BP but relatively low M2BP levels. Most of these outliers had findings suggestive of more advanced fibrosis. For diagnosing any fibrosis severity, WFA+ -M2BP had greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and predictive accuracy than M2BP. Among eight fibrosis markers/indices, WFA+ -M2BP yielded the second highest AUC (0.832) and the highest predictive accuracy (82.2%) to diagnose cirrhosis. In addition, WFA+ -M2BP showed the second highest predictive accuracy to diagnose severe fibrosis (78.4%) and significant fibrosis (76.1%). CONCLUSION This head-to-head comparison suggests that WFA+ -M2BP is superior to M2BP for distinguishing liver fibrosis stages in NAFLD patients. A marked discrepancy between the two biomarkers may be indicative of advanced NAFLD (UMIN000023286).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Atsukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Okubo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taeang Arai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisa Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keizo Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatori
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hano
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Emoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Molecular Targeting Therapeutics Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Kamada Y, Ono M, Hyogo H, Fujii H, Sumida Y, Yamada M, Mori K, Tanaka S, Maekawa T, Ebisutani Y, Yamamoto A, Takamatsu S, Yoneda M, Kawada N, Chayama K, Saibara T, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. Use of Mac-2 binding protein as a biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:780-791. [PMID: 29404494 PMCID: PMC5678915 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to patients with viral hepatitis, patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma during the initial stages of liver fibrosis. Development and implementation of noninvasive methods for diagnosis and progression prediction are important for effective NAFLD surveillance. Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2bp) is a useful nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diagnosis biomarker and a powerful prediction biomarker for NAFLD fibrosis stage. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-positive Mac-2bp (WFA+-M2BP) is a novel serum fibrosis biomarker for chronic hepatitis C that has clinical validity. Mac-2bp and WFA+-M2BP are also clinical NAFLD biomarker candidates. We examined the efficacy of Mac-2bp and WFA+-M2BP for NAFLD assessment using patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 510; NAFLD cohort) and subjects who received a health check-up (n = 2,122; check-up cohort). In the NAFLD cohort, we set the fibrosis predicting cutoff values as 1.80 (F1), 2.21 (F2), and 2.24 μg/mL (F3). In the subjects with fatty liver from the check-up cohort (n = 1,291), the serum Mac-2bp levels were >1.80 μg/mL in 38.6% of the subjects (n = 498), and >2.24 μg/mL in 24.6% of the subjects (n = 318). The NAFLD cohort results indicated that Mac-2bp and WFA+-M2BP were equally useful for NASH diagnosis. During the early stages of fibrosis (F1, F2), the increase in Mac-2bp was statistically significant but WFA+-M2BP did not increase. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Mac-2bp was an independent determinant for the prediction of advanced fibrosis stage (≥F2), even when adjusted for WFA+-M2BP. Immunohistochemical staining of Mac-2bp revealed that hepatocytes strongly expressed Mac-2bp in patients with NAFLD. Conclusion: Our results indicated that hepatocyte-derived Mac-2bp would be a useful single biomarker for NASH diagnosis and fibrosis stage prediction in patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:780-791).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKochi Medical SchoolKochiJapan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJA Hiroshima General HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of HepatologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and PancreatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of MedicineAichiJapan
| | | | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver DiseasesNara City HospitalNaraJapan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver DiseasesNara City HospitalNaraJapan
| | - Tomohiro Maekawa
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yusuke Ebisutani
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Hepatology and PancreatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of MedicineAichiJapan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of HepatologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKochi Medical SchoolKochiJapan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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29
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Iwata A, Kamada Y, Ebisutani Y, Yamamoto A, Ueda Y, Arai H, Fujii H, Takamatsu S, Maruyama N, Maeda M, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. Establishment of mouse Mac-2 binding protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application for mouse chronic liver disease models. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:902-909. [PMID: 27615366 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We identified Mac-2 (galectin-3) binding protein (Mac-2bp) as a novel diagnostic and liver fibrosis predicting biomarker for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in humans. In mouse models, there are no serum biomarkers predicting liver disease severity. In this study, we developed a mouse Mac-2bp enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system and determined its efficacy for predicting the severity of liver disease in mouse models, especially in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models. METHODS We established several rat monoclonal antibodies against mouse Mac-2bp, selected two clones for the ELISA, and checked the accuracy and reproducibility of the ELISA, especially for NAFLD models and liver fibrosis models. We also investigated the relationships between serum levels and hepatic gene expression of Mac-2bp in mouse models. RESULTS Our ELISA system had high accuracy and reproducibility (R2 = 0.999). The intra-assay and inter-assay results for the coefficient of variation were 2.0-3.7% and 1.7-6.9%, respectively. The levels of bilirubin, hemoglobin, and chyle did not affect the Mac-2bp serum levels detected by our ELISA kit. In the mouse models, serum Mac-2bp levels increased with liver disease progression (F0/F1/F2/F3, 239.1 ± 36.7 / 259.1 ± 43.0 / 457.5 ± 162.0 / 643.7 ± 116.0 ng/mL; P < 0.0001), and were significantly correlated with hepatic gene expression of Mac-2bp (R = 0.42, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our mouse Mac-2bp ELISA system effectively predicts severity of NAFLD and liver fibrosis in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Iwata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ebisutani
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yui Ueda
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitomi Arai
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Maeda
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Fujioka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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30
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Lai LL, Chan WK, Sthaneshwar P, Nik Mustapha NR, Goh KL, Mahadeva S. Serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174982. [PMID: 28369100 PMCID: PMC5378406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA+-M2BP) has been suggested to be useful for the assessment of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Consecutive adult NAFLD patients who had a liver biopsy were included. Serum WFA+-M2BP level was measured using a lectin-antibody sandwich immunoassay using a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay machine (HISCL-5000, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). The measured levels were indexed using the following equation: Cut-off index (COI) = ([WFA+-M2BP]sample−[WFA+-M2BP]NC) / ([WFA+-M2BP]PC−[WFA+-M2BP]NC), where PC = positive control and NC = negative control. Histopathological examination of liver biopsy specimen was reported according to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Data for 220 cases were analyzed. The AUROC of the COI for the diagnosis of NASH was 0.65. The AUROC of the COI for the diagnosis of steatosis grade ≥2 and 3 was 0.64 and 0.53, respectively. The AUROC of the COI for the diagnosis of lobular inflammation grade ≥1, ≥2 and 3 was 0.57, 0.68 and 0.59, respectively. The AUROC of the COI for the diagnosis of hepatocyte ballooning grade ≥1 and 2 was 0.64 and 0.65, respectively. The AUROC of the COI for the diagnosis of fibrosis stage ≥1, ≥2, ≥3 and 4 was 0.61, 0.71, 0.74 and 0.84, respectively. Out of the 220 cases, 152 cases were the same 76 patients who had a repeat liver biopsy after 48 weeks of intervention. The AUROC of the change in the COI to detect improvement in steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis was 0.57, 0.54, 0.59 and 0.52, respectively. In conclusion, serum WFA+-M2BP was most useful for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in NAFLD patients. However, it was less useful for differentiating NASH from non-NASH, and for diagnosis and follow-up of the individual histopathological components of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Lee Lai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavai Sthaneshwar
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mizuno M, Shima T, Oya H, Mitsumoto Y, Mizuno C, Isoda S, Kuramoto M, Taniguchi M, Noda M, Sakai K, Koyama N, Okanoue T. Classification of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using rapid immunoassay of serum type IV collagen compared with liver histology and other fibrosis markers. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:216-225. [PMID: 26997642 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the association among serum type IV collagen level, liver histology, and other fibrosis markers in NAFLD progression. METHODS We evaluated 184 patients diagnosed with NAFLD following biopsy, including 89 males and 95 females with an average age of 52.6 and 62.6 years, respectively. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was classified as NAFL or NASH using Matteoni's classification, and the grade and stage of NASH were assessed using Brunt's classification. Serum type IV collagen was measured by a rapid and sensitive latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. RESULTS Forty-two patients with NAFL and 142 patients with NASH were included in this study. Compared with patients with NAFL, patients with NASH showed more significant liver function disorder and increased expression of fibrosis markers including type IV collagen, collagen 7S, Mac2-binding protein (M2BP), and hyaluronic acid (HA). Expression of type IV collagen and collagen 7S, but not M2BP and HA, was more significantly elevated in patients with stage 1 NASH than in patients with NAFL, indicating that type IV collagen and collagen 7S may be better discriminators of NASH and NAFL than M2BP and HA at an early stage of fibrosis. When patients were stratified by NAFLD activity score, type IV collagen and collagen 7S were significantly elevated as NAFLD activity score progressed, whereas M2BP and HA expression were not significantly elevated. CONCLUSION Type IV collagen may be a useful measure of NASH severity as latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay-based rapid type IV collagen assay can be carried out routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Oya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiemi Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Isoda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizue Kuramoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Noda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Sasaki R, Nakamura M, Takahashi K, Wu S, Yasui S, Arai M, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Serum Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Mac-2 Binding Protein Could Not Always Predict Early Cirrhosis in Non-Viral Liver Diseases. Diseases 2016; 4:diseases4040038. [PMID: 28933417 PMCID: PMC5456321 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2-binding protein (WFA(+)-M2BP) is a novel non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis. The goal of the study was to investigate whether the novel serum biomarker WFA(+)-M2BP or other non-invasive markers are useful for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Methods: We examined a significant correlation between serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels and histological staging of fibrosis in several chronic liver diseases, such as NASH, AIH, and PBC. Results: WFA(+)-M2BP could not predict hepatic fibrosis in these patients. We also showed that the level of platelet counts is a useful predictor of hepatic fibrosis progression in patients with NASH, AIH, and PBC. There was a significant correlation between staging of fibrosis and grading of activity in the liver in all groups except for AIH patients. Conclusion: Platelet counts can predict hepatic fibrosis in patients with NASH, AIH, or PBC. Clinicians should pay attention to the grading of liver activity in the use of WFA(+)-M2BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
- Japan Community Health care Organization Funabashi Central Hospital, 6-13-10 Kaijin, Funabashi, Chiba 273-8556, Japan.
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Abdel Wahab AHA, El-Halawany MS, Emam AA, Elfiky A, Abd Elmageed ZY. Identification of circulating protein biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma concomitantly infected with chronic hepatitis C virus. Biomarkers 2016; 22:621-628. [PMID: 27788588 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is higher in developing countries, and most cases are associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the circulating proteins as liver biomarkers for the identification of HCC associated with HCV infection in Egyptian patients using LC-MS/MS analysis. METHODS Blood sera were collected from 31 HCC patients and the fractionated proteins were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Protein candidates were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Thirty-three proteins were significantly identified in the sera of HCC patients with persistent HCV infection. These proteins are involved in several biological processes including acute phase response, complement activation, hemostasis process and lipid metabolism. The level of lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), Kininogen-1 (KNG1), serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and alpha-fetoprtoein (AFP) were elevated in serum. CONCLUSION In HCC patients with chronic HCV infection, we identified a group of differentially expressed circulating proteins involved in regulating different cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad A Emam
- a Department of Cancer Biology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ammar Elfiky
- a Department of Cancer Biology , National Cancer Institute, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Niinaga R, Yamamoto H, Yoshii M, Uekita H, Yamane N, Kochi I, Matsumoto A, Matsuoka T, Kihara S. Marked elevation of serum M2BP–adiponectin complex in men with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:70-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Golabi P, Sayiner M, Fazel Y, Koenig A, Henry L, Younossi ZM. Current complications and challenges in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis screening and diagnosis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:63-71. [PMID: 26469309 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1099433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to complications such as liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnostic gold standard for NASH is liver biopsy; however, other noninvasive methods have been developed. In this article, the authors evaluate current methods in NASH screening and diagnosis. Routine radiologic modalities were found to detect hepatic steatosis accurately, but were unable to establish the diagnosis of NASH or stage of fibrosis. Newly developed elastography based techniques seem promising to estimate liver fibrosis. Other noninvasive tests such as FibroTest, ELF, Hepascore, FIB-4, NFS, FLI and ION (biochemical panels) have AUROCs ranging between 0.80-0.98 for detecting advanced fibrosis but lack specificity for detecting mild fibrosis. Noninvasive tools, especially elastography, identify NASH associated advanced fibrosis potentially reducing liver biopsies. More research is needed to validate the clinical utility of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Golabi
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Mehmet Sayiner
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Yousef Fazel
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Aaron Koenig
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Linda Henry
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health System , Falls Church , VA , USA.,b Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine , Inova Fairfax Hospital , Falls Church , VA , USA
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Miyoshi E, Kamada Y. Application of glycoscience to the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1357-1362. [PMID: 27418030 PMCID: PMC5084674 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is extremely poor compared to other cancers. One of the reasons for this is the difficulty of early diagnosis. Surveillance using cancer biomarkers and image diagnosis can enable early detection and has improved the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. However, it is very difficult to detect pancreatic cancer at an early stage using cancer biomarkers and image diagnosis alone. Fucosylation is one of the most important types of glycosylation involved in cancer and inflammation. We have developed a novel glycocancer biomarker, fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt), and have investigated its usefulness for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer over approximately 10 years. Recently, we also found that most pancreatic tissues surrounding pancreatic cancer exhibit chronic pancreatitis with fibrosis and/or fatty degeneration. Certain forms of chronic pancreatitis might indicate high risk for the development of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we provide a historical summary of our research on Fuc-Hpt as a cancer biomarker, and discuss a potential early detection system for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Sugiura T, Dohi Y, Takase H, Yamashita S, Murai S, Tsuzuki Y, Ogawa S, Tanaka Y, Ohte N. Serum levels of Mac-2 binding protein increase with cardiovascular risk and reflect silent atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:192-196. [PMID: 27344370 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Maekawa T, Kamada Y, Ebisutani Y, Ueda M, Hata T, Kawamoto K, Takamatsu S, Mizutani K, Shimomura M, Sobajima T, Fujii H, Nakayama K, Nishino K, Yamada M, Kumada T, Ito T, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Miyoshi E. Serum Mac-2 binding protein is a novel biomarker for chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4403-4410. [PMID: 27158210 PMCID: PMC4853699 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i17.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the efficacy of Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2bp) for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
METHODS: Fifty-nine healthy volunteers (HV), 162 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 94 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were enrolled in this study. We measured serum Mac-2bp using our developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Additional biochemical variables were measured using an automated analyzer (including aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, and amylase levels) or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen). The ability of Mac-2bp to predict CP diagnosis accurately was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.
RESULTS: Serum Mac-2bp levels were significantly increased in CP patients compared to HV (P < 0.0001) and PDAC patients (P < 0.0001). Area under the ROC curve values of Mac-2bp for the discrimination of CP from HV and PDAC were 0.727 and 0.784, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that serum Mac-2bp levels were independent determinants for CP diagnosis from HV and PDAC patients. Immunohistological staining showed that Mac-2bp was expressed faintly in the pancreas tissues of both CP and PDAC patients. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with CP or PDAC. Serum Mac-2bp levels were highly correlated with protein levels of alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and C-reactive protein, but not amylase, suggesting that the damaged liver produces Mac-2bp.
CONCLUSION: Measurement of serum Mac-2bp may be a novel and useful biomarker for CP diagnosis as well as liver fibrosis in the general population.
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Tawara S, Tatsumi T, Iio S, Kobayashi I, Shigekawa M, Hikita H, Sakamori R, Hiramatsu N, Miyoshi E, Takehara T. Evaluation of Fucosylated Haptoglobin and Mac-2 Binding Protein as Serum Biomarkers to Estimate Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151828. [PMID: 27002630 PMCID: PMC4803196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt) and Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2 bp) are identified as cancer biomarkers, based on the results from a glyco-proteomic analysis. Recently, we reported that these glyco-biomarkers were associated with liver fibrosis and/or ballooning hepatocytes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the ability of these glycoproteins to estimate liver fibrosis in 317 patients with chronic hepatitis C. We measured the serum Fuc-Hpt and Mac-2 bp levels using a lectin-antibody ELISA and ELISA, respectively. The serum levels of both Fuc-Hpt and Mac-2 bp increased with the progression of liver fibrosis. The multivariate analysis revealed that Mac-2 bp was an independent factor associated with moderate liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2). In contrast, Fuc-Hpt was an independent factor associated with advanced liver fibrosis (F ≥ 3). In terms of evaluating liver fibrosis, the serum levels of these glycomarkers were correlated with well-known liver fibrosis indexes, such as the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB4) index. An assay that combined the APRI or FIB4 index and the Fuc-Hpt or Mac-2 bp levels increased the AUC value for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis. Interestingly, the cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was significantly higher in the patients with elevated serum levels of Fuc-Hpt and Mac-2 bp. In conclusion, both Fuc-Hpt and Mac-2 bp could be useful glyco-biomarkers of liver fibrosis and predictors of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Tawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (T. Tatsumi); (T. Takehara)
| | - Sadaharu Iio
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ichizou Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Higashiosaka City General Hospital, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (T. Tatsumi); (T. Takehara)
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Sasaki R, Nakamura M, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis: Comparison with viral hepatitis-associated steatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12989-12995. [PMID: 26675364 PMCID: PMC4674717 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is globally increasing and has become a world-wide health problem. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Viral hepatitis-associated hepatic steatosis is often caused by metabolic syndrome including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia. It has been reported that HCV genotype 3 exerts direct metabolic effects that lead to hepatic steatosis. In this review, the differences between NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis-associated steatosis are discussed.
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Kamada Y, Ono M, Hyogo H, Fujii H, Sumida Y, Mori K, Tanaka S, Yamada M, Akita M, Mizutani K, Fujii H, Yamamoto A, Takamatsu S, Yoshida Y, Itoh Y, Kawada N, Chayama K, Saibara T, Takehara T, Miyoshi E. A novel noninvasive diagnostic method for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using two glycobiomarkers. Hepatology 2015. [PMID: 26199205 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing medical problem; thus, discriminating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from NAFLD is of great clinical significance. For the diagnosis of NASH, liver biopsy-proven histological examination is the current gold standard, and noninvasive and reliable biomarkers are greatly needed. Recently, we found that two glycobiomarkers, fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt) and Mac-2 binding protein (Mac2bp), are useful independently for NASH diagnosis. In this study, we confirmed that serum Fuc-Hpt is suitable for the prediction of ballooning hepatocytes and that serum Mac2bp is suitable for the prediction of liver fibrosis severity in 124 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients (training cohort). In addition, we found that the combination of serum Fuc-Hpt and Mac2bp levels was an excellent tool for NASH diagnosis. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination of these two glycobiomarkers were 0.854, 81.1%, and 79.3%, respectively. We established a prediction model for NASH diagnosis using logistic regression analysis: logit (p)=-2.700+0.00242×Fuc-Hpt+1.225×Mac2bp. To validate the prediction model, another 382 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were enrolled (validation cohort). In the validation cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model for NASH diagnosis was 0.844, with 71.4% and 82.3% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In addition, we investigated the significance of our developed NASH diagnosis model in ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD subjects who received medical health checkups (n = 803). Our model also could predict NAFLD disease severity in this larger population. CONCLUSION The combination of serum Fuc-Hpt and Mac2bp can distinguish NASH from NAFLD patients. Our noninvasive model using two serum glycobiomarkers contributes to a novel NASH diagnostic methodology that could replace liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiroh Mori
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Maaya Akita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayo Mizutani
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Iio E, Ocho M, Togayachi A, Nojima M, Kuno A, Ikehara Y, Hasegawa I, Yatsuhashi H, Yamasaki K, Shimada N, Ide T, Shinkai N, Nojiri S, Fujiwara K, Joh T, Mizokami M, Narimatsu H, Tanaka Y. A novel glycobiomarker, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, for predicting carcinogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1462-71. [PMID: 26437001 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a novel liver fibrosis glycobiomarker, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-reactive colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (WFA(+) -CSF1R), using a glycoproteomics-based strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the value of measuring WFA(+) -CSF1R levels for the prognosis of carcinogenesis and outcome in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). WFA(+) -CSF1R and Total-CSF1R levels were measured in serum samples from 214 consecutive HCV-infected patients to evaluate their impact on carcinogenesis and the survival of LC patients. Serum WFA(+) -CSF1R levels were significantly higher in LC patients than chronic hepatitis (CH) patients (p < 0.001). The AUC of WFA(+) -CSF1R for predicting overall survival, calculated by time-dependent ROC analysis, was 0.691 and the HR (per 1-SD increase) was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.23-2.62, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the survival rate of LC patients with high WFA(+) -CSF1R levels (≥ 310 ng/ml) was significantly worse than those with lower levels (p < 0.01). The AUC of WFA(+) /total-CSF1R percentage (WFA(+) -CSF1R%) for predicting the cumulative carcinogenesis rate was 0.760, with an HR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.26-2.20, p < 0.001). In fact, the carcinogenesis rate was significantly higher in LC patients with a high WFA(+) -CSF1R% (≥ 35%, p = 0.006). Assessing serum levels of WFA(+) -CSF1R has diagnostic value for predicting carcinogenesis and the survival of LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Iio
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Makoto Ocho
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Izumi Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japan Community Health care Organization, Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuhashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Kazumi Yamasaki
- Clinical Research Center, National Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Noritomo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ide
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Noboru Shinkai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunske Nojiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center of Japan, Hepatitis and Immunology, Kohnodai Hospital, International Medical Center, Ichikawa, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,The Hepatitis Glyco-biomarker Study Group: https://unit.aist.go.jp/rcmg/hepatitis-pi/en/index_hptts_e.html
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Helicobacter pylori infection might have a potential role in hepatocyte ballooning in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:996-1004. [PMID: 25622927 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data regarding Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited. The aim was to evaluate H. pylori infection in patients with NAFLD and its association with disease severity. METHODS One hundred and thirty patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD [43 with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 87 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)] were recruited for blood samples for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) and standard biochemical tests were obtained after overnight fasting. Glucose tolerance was evaluated by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Liver biopsies were scored for NAFLD activity score (NAS), fibrosis and iron deposits. RESULTS H. pylori IgG seropositivity was found in 40 % of patients overall. The prevalence of NASH was significantly higher in the patients with H. pylori IgG seropositivity (81 %) than in those without (58 %, p = 0.008). Glucose intolerance was similar between the two groups. The total NAS and the grade of hepatocyte ballooning were higher in the patients with H. pylori IgG seropositivity than in those without, while the hepatic iron grade was lower in the patients with H. pylori IgG seropositivity than in those without. H. pylori infection (p = 0.030), female gender (p = 0.029), and NAFIC score ≥ 2 points (p < 0.001) could independently predict NASH in logistic regression analysis, independent of age, obesity and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION The association of H. pylori seropositivity with hepatocyte ballooning suggests that H. pylori infection may represent another contributing factor in the progression from NAFL to NASH. Eradicating H. pylori infection may have therapeutic prospects in NASH treatment.
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Abe M, Miyake T, Kuno A, Imai Y, Sawai Y, Hino K, Hara Y, Hige S, Sakamoto M, Yamada G, Kage M, Korenaga M, Hiasa Y, Mizokami M, Narimatsu H. Association between Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein and the fibrosis stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:776-84. [PMID: 25326152 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is important for identifying those who may develop complications. The aims of this study were (1) to measure serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA(+)-M2BP) using the glycan sugar chain-based immunoassay and (2) to compare the results with clinical assessments of fibrosis. METHODS Serum WFA(+)-M2BP values were retrospectively evaluated in 289 patients with NAFLD who had undergone liver biopsy. Histological findings were evaluated by three blinded, experienced liver-specific pathologists. RESULTS For stages 0 (n = 35), 1 (n = 113), 2 (n = 49), 3 (n = 41), and 4 (n = 51) of liver fibrosis, the serum WFA(+)-M2BP cutoff indexes were 0.57, 0.70, 1.02, 1.57, and 2.96, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that serum WFA(+)-M2BP values were associated with the stage of fibrosis (≥stage 2). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity of serum WFA(+)-M2BP were 0.876, 85.9, and 74.6%, respectively, for severe fibrosis (≥stage 3) and were 0.879, 74.6, and 87.0%, respectively, for cirrhosis. When compared with six non-invasive conventional markers, serum WFA(+)-M2BP had the greatest AUROC for diagnosing severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Serum WFA(+)-M2BP values are useful for assessing the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan,
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Yamasaki Y, Nouso K, Miyahara K, Wada N, Dohi C, Morimoto Y, Kinugasa H, Takeuchi Y, Yasunaka T, Kuwaki K, Onishi H, Ikeda F, Miyake Y, Nakamura S, Shiraha H, Takaki A, Iwasaki Y, Amano M, Nishimura SI, Yamamoto K. Use of non-invasive serum glycan markers to distinguish non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:528-34. [PMID: 25168691 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serum glycans have been reported to be promising diagnostic markers for many inflammatory diseases and cancers. The aims of this study were to investigate whole glycan expression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and to evaluate the potential use of glycan profiles as new clinical biomarkers to distinguish non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis (SS). METHODS We collected sera from 42 histologically proven NASH and 15 SS patients prior to treatment. Serum glycan profiles were measured by comprehensive, quantitative, high-throughput glycome analysis, and diagnostic values of serum glycans for NASH prediction were examined. RESULTS Among the 41 serum glycans examined, the expression levels of 8 glycans in NASH were significantly higher than those of SS. Out of these eight glycans, three glycans (m/z 1955, 2032, and 2584) showed high areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.833, 0.863, and 0.866, respectively) for distinguishing NASH from SS. In multivariate analyses with clinical parameters and serum glycans, these three glycans were significant predictive factors for distinguishing NASH from SS. The odds ratio of m/z 1955, 2032, and 2584 were 48.5, 6.46, and 11.8, respectively. These glycans also correlated significantly with lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis, but not with steatosis. CONCLUSION We clearly demonstrated whole-serum glycan profiles in NASH patients, and the feasibility of serum glycans (m/z 1955, 2032, and 2584) as new noninvasive biomarkers for distinguishing NASH from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama
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Oda K, Uto H, Mawatari S, Ido A. Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of human studies. Clin J Gastroenterol 2015; 8:1-9. [PMID: 25575848 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-014-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan develop in the background of chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Recently, however, HCV-associated HCC has been shown to be decreasing, while non-B and non-C HCC (NBNC-HCC), which is negative for HCV and hepatitis B virus infection, has increased. The main cause of NBNC-HCC is alcoholic liver disease, but the recent increase of NBNC-HCC is thought to be due to an increase in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 10% of NAFLD cases involve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH can progress to liver cirrhosis and its associated complications such as HCC. There are no accurate data on the percentage of NASH-related HCC among all-cause HCC in Japan, because no large-scale investigation has been performed. However, the rate is thought to be about 3% of overall HCC, which is lower than that in the United States. The incidence of HCC in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis is thought to be 2% per year, which is lower than that in HCV-related cirrhosis. Risks for NASH-related HCC include advanced hepatic fibrosis, older age, and being male. NAFLD that includes NASH is associated with metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity and diabetes, and metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for HCC. Genetic factors and dietary patterns may also be related to NASH-related HCC. Thus, regular HCC surveillance, as performed for patients with viral chronic liver disease, is required for patients with NAFLD, and diagnostic markers are required for simple, rapid and specific detection of NASH-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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Takahashi Y, Fukusato T. Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15539-15548. [PMID: 25400438 PMCID: PMC4229519 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is the most common chronic liver disease, and the prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe form of NAFLD, can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although noninvasive clinical scores and image-based diagnosis for NAFLD have improved, histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD/NASH. Steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning are all necessary components for the diagnosis of NASH; fibrosis is also typically observed. Other histopathological abnormalities commonly observed in NASH include hepatocellular glycogenated nuclei, lipogranulomas, and acidophil bodies. The characteristics of pediatric NAFLD/NASH differ from adult NAFLD/NASH. Specifically, steatosis and portal inflammation are more severe in pediatric NAFLD, while intralobular inflammation and perisinusoidal fibrosis are milder. Although interobserver agreement for evaluating the extent of steatosis and fibrosis is high, agreement is low for intralobular and portal inflammation. A recently reported histological variant of HCC, steatohepatitic HCC (SH-HCC), shows features that resemble non-neoplastic steatohepatitis, and is thought to be strongly associated with underlying NASH. In this report, we review the histopathological features of NAFLD/NASH.
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Miller MH, Walsh SV, Atrih A, Huang JTJ, Ferguson MAJ, Dillon JF. Serum proteome of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multimodal approach to discovery of biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1839-47. [PMID: 24750217 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition affecting up to 25% of the developed world. It is a progressive disease, leading in some to the development of liver cirrhosis. Currently, accurate diagnosis and staging of this condition is only possible with histological examination of a liver biopsy. This gold standard test is neither suitable nor practical for large-scale use as is necessary for a condition as common as NAFLD. The aim of this study is to describe the proteome of human NAFLD using two distinct shotgun proteomic methods, translating the findings into potential biomarkers of NAFLD. METHODS Two distinct shotgun proteomic techniques (iTRAQ and label free) were used to describe the proteome of NAFLD. Thereafter, candidate biomarkers were selected for validation by ELISA. RESULTS Over 550 protein identifications were made in the description of the NAFLD proteome. Several proteins were found to be significantly up/downregulated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with control, including apolipoprotein E (fold ratio of 1.67), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3, fold ratio of 1.642), Vitamin D-binding protein (fold ratio of 4.587), and lymphocyte cytosolic protein1 (LCP1, fold ratio of 4.356). ELISA validation of a subset of these proteins confirms the validity of the proteomic studies and suggests possible new biomarkers of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Serum markers are able to distinguish between the stages of disease in NAFLD as well as detect the grade of fibrosis. Ultimately, noninvasive serum markers may replace liver biopsy in the investigation of patients with suspected NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Miller
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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