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Khaled SE, Hashem FAM, Shabana MH, Hammam AMM, Madboli ANA, Farag MA, Al-Mahdy DA. A metabolomics approach for the evaluation of Ficus benghalensis female in vivo reproductive effects relative to its metabolite fingerprint as determined via UPLC-MS and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117519. [PMID: 38043752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as Banyan Fig, is the national tree of India and its aerial roots are used traditionally to treat female reproductive disorders. However, despite this traditional use, no pharmacological evidence could be traced supporting this use. Additionally, no comprehensive metabolite profiling was reported for F. benghalensis aerial roots. AIM OF THE STUDY This study attempts to justify biochemically the traditional use of F. benghalensis aerial roots in treatment of female reproductive disorders and in relation to its secondary metabolite profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total ethanol extract (TEE) and subfractions [petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and n-butanol (BUF] were prepared from air-dried powdered aerial roots of F. benghalensis. Detailed in-vivo investigation of the hormonal activity and action mechanism of the total ethanol extract and subfractions was carried out through evaluation of estrogenic and gonadotropic activities. The estrogenic activity was evaluated on ovariectomized immature female rats through estimating uterine weight, vaginal cornification and serum estradiol level along with histological examination of uteri. The gonadotropic activity was measured by assay of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) like activities. Total follicular and corpora lutea counts in immature female rats were used to determine FSH and LH like activities, respectively in addition to histological picture of the genitalia. Comprehensive non-targeted metabolite profiling was carried out for the TEE and subfractions using UPLC-HRMS in negative and positive ionization modes. UPLC-MS fingerprint was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares analyses to correlate the bioactivities to specific chemical constituents in F. benghalensis different subfractions. GC-MS was further used for non-polar silylated fractions. RESULTS Results revealed that only the non-polar PEF and CHF displayed moderate estrogenic and FSH-like activities but with no LH-like activity. Metabolites profiling via (UPLC-HRMS) and multivariate PCA analysis enabled identification and comparison of various chemical classes in F. benghalensis extract and fractions. The active non-polar fractions revealed nearly similar metabolites profile being composed of isoflavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, fatty acids and cyclic peptides. In contrast, polar fractions were more abundant in apocarotenoids, fatty acyl amides, hydroxybenzoates and hydroxycinnamates in addition to two lignans. PLS analysis revealed strong correlation between hydroxylated fatty acids and pyranoisoflavones with estrogenic and FSH-like activities. GC-MS analysis was further employed for non-polar fractions profiling revealing for their enrichment in fatty acids/esters, terpenes, organic acids and phenolics. CONCLUSION This is the first study to rationalize the use of F. benghalensis aerial root traditionally in treatment of gynecological disorders, revealing that the petroleum ether and chloroform non-polar subfractions of F. benghalensis showed estrogenic and FSH-like activity with absence of LH-like activity. This biological activity could possibly be attributed to its metabolites profile of isoflavonoids, fatty acids, triterpenes, sterols and cyclic peptides identified via UPLC-MS and GC-MS techniques. Consequently, F. benghalensis aerial roots should be used with caution in traditional treatment of female infertility or other reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Fatma A-M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Manal H Shabana
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Mohsen M Hammam
- Department of Animal Reproduction & A.I., Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdel Nasser A Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction & A.I., Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Xia Y, Su Q, Li X, Yan S, Liu J, He C, Huang H, Jiang W, Pang Y. Two CYP93A enzymes play a dual role in isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Glycine max L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108073. [PMID: 37839274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max L. is rich in isoflavonoids with diverse biological activities. However, isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway is not fully elucidated in soybean. In the present study, we investigated characteristics of all the thirteen CYP93 subfamily members, and found GmCYP93A1, GmCYP93A2, and GmCYP93A3 are closely clustered, preferentially expressed in roots, and highly inducible by elicitor. When expressed in yeast, GmCYP93A1 was active towards liquiritigenin, naringenin, and 3,9-dihydroxyptercarpan, GmCYP93A2 towards 3,9-dihydroxyptercarpan with strict substrate specificity, whereas GmCYP93A3 did not show any activity towards all the tested substrates. Both GmCYP93A1 and GmCYP93A2 could catalyze 3,9-dihydroxyptercarpan into daidzein and glycinol, with both hydroxylation and aryl migration activity. Site-directed mutagenesis assays revealed that mutation in Thr446 to Ser446 in heme-binding domain increased the enzyme activity of GmCYP93A1 towards 3,9-dihydroxyptercarpan, which highlights its key amino acid residues as shown with its molecular docking with 3,9-dihydroxyptercarpan and HEM. Overexpression of GmCYP93A1 and GmCYP93A2 in the soybean hairy roots reduced the content of daidzein, whereas knockdown of these two genes increased genistein content, indicating changes in expression level of GmCYP93A1 and GmCYP93A2 altered isoflavonoid flux in soybean. Our studies on the activity of GmCYP93A1 and GmCYP93A2 enriched diverse functions of CYP93 subfamily in soybean isoflavonoid pathway, which is valuable for further understanding and bioengineering of isoflavonoid pathway in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Su
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Su Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Chunfeng He
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haijun Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Bing Q, Yongrui B, Shuai W, Tianjiao L, Xiansheng M. Rapid analysis of components in Qizhiweitong tablets and plasma after oral administration in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based on self-developed database. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5460. [PMID: 35903874 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Qizhiweitong is a famous traditional Chinese prescription medicine. It has been used to treat various stomach disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, and intestinal stress syndrome for a long time and gives favorable therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, its chemical composition and possible bioactive components are not completely known. In the present study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and qualitatively analyzed the chemical composition of Qizhiweitong tablet extract and the absorbed prototype constituents along with corresponding metabolites in rat plasma following oral administration of Qizhiweitong tablet on the basis of our self-developed component database that was established accurately and rapidly. We detected a total of 119 compounds and 61 xenobiotics in the Qizhiweitong tablet, which included 32 prototypes and 28 metabolites. The results of the present study laid a solid foundation for quality marker screening and integrative pharmacology-based study on the Qizhiweitong tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bing
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Bao Yongrui
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Shuai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Li Tianjiao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Xiansheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Multi-dimensional Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Technical Innovation Center, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Province Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian, China
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4
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de Keijzer MJ, de Klerk DJ, de Haan LR, van Kooten RT, Franchi LP, Dias LM, Kleijn TG, van Doorn DJ, Heger M. Inhibition of the HIF-1 Survival Pathway as a Strategy to Augment Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:285-403. [PMID: 35505024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-to-minimally invasive treatment modality that utilizes photoactivatable drugs called photosensitizers to disrupt tumors with locally photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Photosensitizer activation by light results in hyperoxidative stress and subsequent tumor cell death, vascular shutdown and hypoxia, and an antitumor immune response. However, sublethally afflicted tumor cells initiate several survival mechanisms that account for decreased PDT efficacy. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway is one of the most effective cell survival pathways that contributes to cell recovery from PDT-induced damage. Several hundred target genes of the HIF-1 heterodimeric complex collectively mediate processes that are involved in tumor cell survival directly and indirectly (e.g., vascularization, glucose metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis). The broad spectrum of biological ramifications culminating from the activation of HIF-1 target genes reflects the importance of HIF-1 in the context of therapeutic recalcitrance. This chapter elaborates on the involvement of HIF-1 in cancer biology, the hypoxic response mechanisms, and the role of HIF-1 in PDT. An overview of inhibitors that either directly or indirectly impede HIF-1-mediated survival signaling is provided. The inhibitors may be used as pharmacological adjuvants in combination with PDT to augment therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert T van Kooten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, epartment of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group,University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick J van Doorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Metabolites as Epigenetic Modulators with Impact on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121893. [PMID: 34942997 PMCID: PMC8750933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary phytoestrogens on human health has been a topic of continuous debate since their discovery. Nowadays, based on their presumptive beneficial effects, the amount of phytoestrogens consumed in the daily diet has increased considerably worldwide. Thus, there is a growing need for scientific data regarding their mode of action in the human body. Recently, new insights of phytoestrogens’ bioavailability and metabolism have demonstrated an inter-and intra-population heterogeneity of final metabolites’ production. In addition, the phytoestrogens may have the ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. This review highlights the complexity and particularity of the metabolism of each class of phytoestrogens, pointing out the diversity of their bioactive gut metabolites. Futhermore, it presents emerging scientific data which suggest that, among well-known genistein and resveratrol, other phytoestrogens and their gut metabolites can act as epigenetic modulators with a possible impact on human health. The interconnection of dietary phytoestrogens’ consumption with gut microbiota composition, epigenome and related preventive mechanisms is discussed. The current challenges and future perspectives in designing relevant research directions to explore the potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens are also explored.
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van Dinteren S, Araya-Cloutier C, de Bruijn WJC, Vincken JP. A targeted prenylation analysis by a combination of IT-MS and HR-MS: Identification of prenyl number, configuration, and position in different subclasses of (iso)flavonoids. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338874. [PMID: 34538332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated (iso)flavonoids are potent bioactive compounds found in the Fabaceae family. Analysis and quantification of this type of phytochemicals is challenging due to their large structural diversity. In this study, the fragmentation of prenylated (iso)flavonoids was investigated using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MSn) with fragmentation by collision induced dissociation (CID) in combination and Orbitrap-MS (ESI-FT-MS2) with fragmentation by higher energy C-trap dissociation (HCD). With this combination of IT-MSn and high resolution MS (FT-MSn), it was possible to determine the fragmentation pathways and characteristic spectral features of different subclasses of prenylated (iso)flavonoid standards, as well as characteristic fragmentations and neutral losses of different prenyl configurations. Based on our findings, a decision guideline was developed to (i) identify (iso)flavonoid backbones, (ii) annotate prenyl number, (iii) configuration, and (iv) position of unknown prenylated (iso)flavonoids, in complex plant extracts. In this guideline, structural characteristics were identified based on: (i) UV absorbance of the compound, (ii) mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of the parent compound; (iii) ratio of relative abundances between neutral losses 42 and 56 u in MSn; (iv) retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) fragments, neutral losses 54 and 68 u, and the ratio [M+H-C4H8]+/[M+H]+. Using this guideline, 196 prenylated (iso)flavonoids were annotated in a Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. In total, 75 skeletons were single prenylated, 104 were double prenylated, and for merely 17 skeletons prenyl number could not unambiguously be annotated. Our prenylation guideline allows rapid screening for identification of prenylated (iso)flavonoids, including prenyl number, configuration, and position, in complex plant extracts. This guideline supports research on these bioactive compounds in the areas of plant metabolomics and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah van Dinteren
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Yang S, Zhang X, Dong Y, Sun G, Jiang A, Li Y. Cleavage rules of mass spectrometry fragments and rapid identification of chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Alba using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:836-849. [PMID: 33503685 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) presents several pharmacological effects, including analgesia, liver protection, and toxicity reduction. RPA consists mostly of monoterpenes and their glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and organic acids, with monoterpenes being the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. OBJECTIVE To establish an effective method for rapid classification and identification of the main monoterpenes, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA. METHODS We used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and data post-processing technology to rapidly classify and identify the monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA. We also summarised the diagnostic product ions and neutral losses of monoterpenoids, flavonoids, and organic acids in RPA reported in the literature. RESULTS We identified 24 components, namely 18 monoterpenoids, one flavonoid, and five organic acids. CONCLUSION In this study, we analysed the chemically active pharmaceutical ingredients and assessed the quality of RPA. In addition, we demonstrated that UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS can be used to qualitatively classify and identify the variety of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to a certain extent. Moreover, we confirmed that mass spectrometry can be used to identify the components of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqian Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guijiang Sun
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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9
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Uchida K, Sawada Y, Ochiai K, Sato M, Inaba J, Hirai MY. Identification of a Unique Type of Isoflavone O-Methyltransferase, GmIOMT1, Based on Multi-Omics Analysis of Soybean under Biotic Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1974-1985. [PMID: 32894761 PMCID: PMC7758036 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are commonly found in leguminous plants. Glycitein is one of the isoflavones produced by soybean. The genes encoding the enzymes in the isoflavone biosynthetic pathway have mostly been identified and characterized. However, the gene(s) for isoflavone O-methyltransferase (IOMT), which catalyzes the last step of glycitein biosynthesis, has not yet been identified. In this study, we conducted multi-omics analyses of fungal-inoculated soybean and indicated that glycitein biosynthesis was induced in response to biotic stress. Moreover, we identified a unique type of IOMT, which participates in glycitein biosynthesis. Soybean seedlings were inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae or Rhizopus oligosporus and sampled daily for 8 d. Multi-omics analyses were conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing. Metabolome analysis revealed that glycitein derivatives increased following fungal inoculation. Transcriptome co-expression analysis identified two candidate IOMTs that were co-expressed with the gene encoding flavonoid 6-hydroxylase (F6H), the key enzyme in glycitein biosynthesis. The enzymatic assay of the two IOMTs using respective recombinant proteins showed that one IOMT, named as GmIOMT1, produced glycitein. Unlike other IOMTs, GmIOMT1 belongs to the cation-dependent OMT family and exhibited the highest activity with Zn2+ among cations tested. Moreover, we demonstrated that GmIOMT1 overexpression increased the levels of glycitein derivatives in soybean hairy roots when F6H was co-expressed. These results strongly suggest that GmIOMT1 participates in inducing glycitein biosynthesis in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | | | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Jun Inaba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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Kalli S, Araya-Cloutier C, de Bruijn WJC, Chapman J, Vincken JP. Induction of promising antibacterial prenylated isoflavonoids from different subclasses by sequential elicitation of soybean. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112496. [PMID: 33070076 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elicited soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill, Leguminosae) seedlings can produce prenylated isoflavonoids from different subclasses, namely pterocarpans (glyceollins), isoflavones and coumestans. These prenylated isoflavonoids serve as defence compounds and can possess antimicrobial activity. Recently, we showed that priming with reactive oxygen species (ROS) specifically stimulated the production of glyceollins in Rhizopus spp.-elicited soybean seedlings (ROS + R). In this study, we achieved diversification of the inducible subclasses of prenylated isoflavonoids in soybean, by additional stimulation of two prenylated isoflavones and one prenylated coumestan. This was achieved by using a combination of the relatively long-lived ROS representative, H2O2, with AgNO3 prior to microbial elicitation. Microbial elicitation was performed with a live preparation of either a phytopathogenic fungus, Rhizopus spp. or a symbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis induced 30% more prenylated isoflavones than Rhizopus spp. in (H2O2 + AgNO3)-treated seedlings, without significantly compromising the total levels of glyceollins, compared to (ROS + R)-treated seedlings. The most abundant prenylated isoflavone induced was 6-prenyl daidzein, which constituted 60% of the total isoflavones. The prenylated coumestan, phaseol, was also induced in the (H2O2 + AgNO3)-treated and microbially elicited seedlings. Based on previously developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, 6-prenyl daidzein and phaseol were predicted to be promising antibacterials. Overall, we show that treatment with H2O2 and AgNO3 prior to microbial elicitation leads to the production of promising antibacterial isoflavonoids from different subclasses. Extracts rich in prenylated isoflavonoids may potentially be applied as natural antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kalli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Chapman
- Unilever R&D, Bronland 14, 6708 WH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Palu DS, Paoli M, Casabianca H, Casanova J, Bighelli A. New Compounds from the Roots of Corsican Calicotome Villosa (Poir.) Link.: Two Pterocarpans and a Dihydrobenzofuran. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25153467. [PMID: 32751545 PMCID: PMC7435676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new compounds, a dihydrobenzofuran (coumaran) derivative (compound 1) and two pterocarpans (compounds 2 and 3) were isolated from a root extract of Calicotome villosa growing wild in Corsica. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS/MS as 2-(1-methylethenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-carbomethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 4,9-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-dimethylallylpterocarpan, and 4,9-dihydroxy-3′,3′-dimethyl-2,3-pyranopterocarpan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Stacy Palu
- Department of Chemistry, Equipe Chimie-Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, F- 20000 Ajaccio, France; (D.S.P.); (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- Department of Chemistry, Equipe Chimie-Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, F- 20000 Ajaccio, France; (D.S.P.); (J.C.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-420-202-169
| | - Hervé Casabianca
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Joseph Casanova
- Department of Chemistry, Equipe Chimie-Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, F- 20000 Ajaccio, France; (D.S.P.); (J.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Ange Bighelli
- Department of Chemistry, Equipe Chimie-Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, F- 20000 Ajaccio, France; (D.S.P.); (J.C.); (A.B.)
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12
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Kalli S, Araya-Cloutier C, Lin Y, de Bruijn WJC, Chapman J, Vincken JP. Enhanced biosynthesis of the natural antimicrobial glyceollins in soybean seedlings by priming and elicitation. Food Chem 2020; 317:126389. [PMID: 32097822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glyceollins are a class of antimicrobial prenylated pterocarpans produced in soybean seedlings upon fungus elicitation. Priming with reactive oxygen species (ROS) prior to elicitation with Rhizopus oligosporus/oryzae (R) was investigated for its potential to enhance glyceollin production. ROS-priming prior to R-elicitation (ROS + R) increased glyceollin production (8.6 ± 0.9 µmol/g dry weight (DW)) more than 4-fold compared to elicitation without priming (1.9 ± 0.4 µmol/g DW). Furthermore, ROS-priming was superior to two physical primers which were used as benchmark primers, namely slicing (5.0 ± 0.6 µmol glyceollins/g DW) and sonication (4.8 ± 1.0 µmol glyceollins/g DW). Subsequently, the robustness of ROS + R was assessed by applying it to another soybean cultivar, where it also resulted in a significantly higher glyceollin content than R-elicitation without priming. ROS-priming prior to elicitation provides opportunities for improving the yield in large-scale production of natural antimicrobials due to the ease of application and the robustness of the effect across cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kalli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yiran Lin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Chapman
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Silva E, da Graça JP, Porto C, Martin do Prado R, Hoffmann-Campo CB, Meyer MC, de Oliveira Nunes E, Pilau EJ. Unraveling Asian Soybean Rust metabolomics using mass spectrometry and Molecular Networking approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 31924833 PMCID: PMC6954191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease with an estimated crop yield loss of up to 90%. Yet, there is a nerf of information on the metabolic response of soybean plants to the pathogen Untargeted metabolomics and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform approach was used to explore soybean metabolome modulation to P. pachyrhizi infection. Soybean plants susceptible to ASR was inoculated with P. pachyrhizi spore suspension and non-inoculated plants were used as controls. Leaves from both groups were collected 14 days post-inoculation and extracted using different extractor solvent mixtures. The extracts were analyzed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to high-definition electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. There was a significant production of defense secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and flavonoids) when P. pachyrhizi infected soybean plants, such as putatively identified liquiritigenin, coumestrol, formononetin, pisatin, medicarpin, biochanin A, glyoceollidin I, glyoceollidin II, glyoceollin I, glyoceolidin II, glyoceolidin III, glyoceolidin IV, glyoceolidin VI. Primary metabolites (amino acids, peptides and lipids) also were putatively identified. This is the first report using untargeted metabolomics and GNPS-Molecular Networking approach to explore ASR in soybean plants. Our data provide insights into the potential role of some metabolites in the plant resistance to ASR, which could result in the development of resistant genotypes of soybean to P. pachyrhizi, and effective and specific products against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | - José Perez da Graça
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation - ICETI, University Center of Maringá - UNICESUMAR, 1610, Guedner Av, Maringá, PR, 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Martin do Prado
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Estela de Oliveira Nunes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Swine and Poultry, BR-153, Km 110 Distrito de Tamanduá, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
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14
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Characterization and Identification of Prenylated Flavonoids from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Roots by Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight and Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244591. [PMID: 31847475 PMCID: PMC6943520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a combination of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) and linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to investigate the fragmentation behaviors of prenylated flavonoids (PFs) from Artocarpus plants. Fifteen PFs were selected as the model molecules and divided into five types (groups A–E) according to their structural characteristics in terms of the position and existing form of prenyl substitution in the flavone skeleton. The LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra of the [M − H]− ions for these compounds provided a wealth of structural information on the five different types of compounds. The main fragmentation pathways of group A were the ortho effect and retro Diels–Alder (RDA), and common losses of C4H10, CO, and CO2. The compounds in group B easily lose C6H12, forming a stable structure of a 1,4-dienyl group, unlike those in group A. The fragmentation pathway for group C is characterized by obvious 1,4A−, 1,4B− cracking of the C ring. The diagnostic fragmentation for group D is obvious RDA cracking of the C ring and the successive loss of CH3 and H2O in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra. Fragmentation with successive loss of CO or CO2, ·CH3, and CH4 in the LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn spectra formed the characteristics of group E. The summarized fragmentation rules were successfully exploited to identify PFs from Artocarpusheterophyllus, a well-known Artocarpus plant, which led to the identification of a total of 47 PFs in this plant.
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15
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Zhang YZ, Xu F, Dong J, Liang J, Hashi Y, Liu GX, Li YL, Shang MY, Wang X, Cai SQ. Profiling the metabolites of astrapterocarpan in rat hepatic 9000g supernatant. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:842-857. [PMID: 31831131 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrapterocarpan (AP) is a bioactive constituent of Astragali Radix and was selected as a model compound for investigating the in vitro metabolism of pterocarpans in this study. Its in vitro metabolism was conducted by incubation with rat hepatic 9000g supernatant (S9) in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. At first, four compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as 6a-hydroxy-AP (M1), astrametabolin I [M2, 1a-hydroxy-9, 10-dimethoxy-pterocarp-1(2), 4-diene-3-one], 9-demethyl-AP (M3, nissolin) and 4-methoxy-astraisoflavan (M4, 7, 2'dihydroxy-4, 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavan) on the basis of NMR data, respectively. Among them, M1, M2 and M4 were new compounds. Next, the metabolite profile of AP in rat hepatic S9 was obtained via HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn, and 40 new metabolites were tentatively identified. These newly identified metabolites included 9 monohydroxylated metabolites, 1 demethylated metabolite, 7 demethylated and monohydroxylated metabolites, 4 dihydroxylated metabolites, 1 hydration metabolite, 1 didemethylated metabolite, 2 glucosylated metabolites, 1 monohydroxylated and dehydrogenated metabolite, 2 monohydroxylated and demethylated and dehydrogenated metabolites, 2 dimerized metabolites, 3 dimerized and monohydroxylated metabolites, 2 dimerized and didemethylated metabolites, and 5 dimerized and demethylated metabolites. Finally, the major metabolic reactions of AP in rat hepatic S9 were summarized and found to be hydroxylation, demethylation, dimerization, hydration, and dehydrogenation. More importantly, the biotransformation from AP to M2 and the dimerization of AP by incubation with hepatic S9 were reported for the first time. In conclusion, this is the first report on the metabolism of a pure pterocarpan in animal tissues, and these findings will provide a solid basis for further studies on the metabolism of other pterocarpans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu China MS Center, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Yuki Hashi
- Shimadzu China MS Center, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China.
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16
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Liu T, Li N, Yan YQ, Liu Y, Xiong K, Liu Y, Xia QM, Zhang H, Liu ZD. Recent advances in the anti-aging effects of phytoestrogens on collagen, water content, and oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2019; 34:435-447. [PMID: 31747092 PMCID: PMC7078862 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin undergoes degenerative changes as it ages, which include the loss of elasticity, reductions in the epidermal thickness and collagen content, elastic fiber degeneration, and increased wrinkling and dryness. Skin aging can be significantly delayed by the administration of estrogen. Estrogen deficiency following menopause results in atrophic skin changes and the acceleration of skin aging. Estrogen administration has positive effects on human skin by delaying or preventing skin aging manifestations, but the use of estrogen replacement is a risk factor for breast and uterine cancer. Phytoestrogens are a large family of plant‐derived molecules possessing various degrees of estrogen‐like activity; they exhibit agonist or antagonist estrogenic properties depending on the tissue. These molecules could be ideal candidates to combat skin aging and other detrimental effects of hypoestrogenism. In this paper, we review the effects of phytoestrogens on human skin and the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens can alleviate the changes due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Qi Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Information Center, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chinese Medical College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Mei Xia
- Chinese Medical College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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17
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Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Silanteva SA, Shkryl YN, Bulgakov DV, Brodovskaya EV, Bulgakov VP. Increase in isoflavonoid content in Glycine max cells transformed by the constitutively active Ca 2+ independent form of the AtCPK1 gene. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:111-120. [PMID: 30399493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) represent a class within a multigene family that plays an important role in biotic and abiotic plant stress responses and is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our previous study showed that overexpression of the mutant constitutively active Ca2+ independent form of the AtCPK1 gene (AtCPK1-Ca) significantly increased the biosynthesis of anthraquinones and stilbenes in Rubia cordifolia L. and Vitis amurensis Rupr. transgenic cell cultures, respectively. Here, we have established transgenic calli of soybean plants Glycine max (L.) Merr. that express the AtCPK1-Ca gene. Heterologous expression of the AtCPK1-Ca gene provoked a 5.2-fold increase in total isoflavone production up to 208.09 mg/L, along with an increase in isoflavone aglycones production up to 6.60 mg/L, which is 3-fold greater than that of the control culture. The production of prenylated isoflavones significantly increased, reaching 3.78 mg/L, 13-fold higher than in the control culture. The expression levels of 4-coumarate:CoA ligases, isoflavone synthases, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase, isoflavone dimethylallyltransferase, and coumestrol 4-dimethylallyltransferase genes in transgenic cell cultures significantly increased. Thus, heterologous expression of the AtCPK1-Ca gene can be used to bioengineer plant cell cultures that produce isoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Institute of Marine Biology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - S A Silanteva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - D V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - E V Brodovskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
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18
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Jang YJ, Son HJ, Ahn J, Jung CH, Ha T. Coumestrol modulates Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the attenuation of adipogenesis. Food Funct 2018; 7:4984-4991. [PMID: 27868125 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coumestrol is a natural phytochemical present in plants such as red clover and soy, and has been reported to stimulate the estrogen receptor as a major phytoestrogen. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-adipogenic effects of phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein have been previously investigated, the effects of coumestrol on adipogenesis remain to be elucidated. We observed that coumestrol dose-dependently attenuates MDI (mixture of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-induced lipid accumulation, consistent with an earlier study, while significantly inhibiting MDI-induced adipogenesis in the first 48 hours of differentiation, a critical time window for anti-adipogenic effects. Coumestrol treatment suppressed MDI-induced protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in adipocytes, leading to the subsequent downregulation of FAS and aP2 expression. Akt and GSK3β were phosphorylated shortly after MDI stimulation, and these responses were inhibited by coumestrol treatment. Coumestrol also increased LRP6 protein expression, resulting in the recovery of β-catenin downregulation by MDI, while attenuating MDI-induced downregulation of Wnt10b. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, target genes of β-catenin, were both recovered by coumestrol treatment. These results suggest that coumestrol inhibits adipocyte differentiation via regulation of Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may have potential for development as an agent to prevent adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoul Ha
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Ferrone V, Genovese S, Carlucci M, Tiecco M, Germani R, Preziuso F, Epifano F, Carlucci G, Taddeo VA. A green deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DES-DLLME) for the UHPLC-PDA determination of oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids in olive, soy, peanuts, corn, and sunflower oil. Food Chem 2017; 245:578-585. [PMID: 29287412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A green dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the extracting solvent has been developed and applied for the simultaneous quantification of ferulic acid, umbelliferone, boropinic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA), and auraptene in some vegetable oils using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with photodiode array detection (PDA). All parameters in the extraction step, including selection and loading of both extracting and dispersing solvents, amount of both extractant and disperser solvent were investigated and optimized. PhAA/TMG DES achieved higher recovery and enrichment factor compared to other DESs. The validated method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients, r2>0.9990 for all the analytes. Furthermore, this is the first time that eco-friendly solvents are used for the extraction of oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids and the corresponding extract analyzed with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ferrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maura Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologia, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8-I, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologia, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8-I, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Preziuso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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20
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Coumestrol Epigenetically Suppresses Cancer Cell Proliferation: Coumestrol Is a Natural Haspin Kinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102228. [PMID: 29064398 PMCID: PMC5666907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic changes in gene expression in cancer cells may offer new strategies for the development of selective cancer therapies. In the present study, we investigated coumestrol, a natural compound exhibiting broad anti-cancer effects against skin melanoma, lung cancer and colon cancer cell growth. Haspin kinase was identified as a direct target protein of coumestrol using kinase profiling analysis. Histone H3 is a direct substrate of haspin kinase. We observed haspin kinase overexpression as well as greater phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 3 (Thr-3) in the cancer cells compared to normal cells. Computer modeling using the Schrödinger Suite program identified the binding interface within the ATP binding site. These findings suggest that the anti-cancer effect of coumestrol is due to the direct targeting of haspin kinase. Coumestrol has considerable potential for further development as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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21
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Du LY, Zhao M, Tao JH, Qian DW, Jiang S, Shang EX, Guo JM, Liu P, Su SL, Duan JA. The Metabolic Profiling of Isorhamnetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside Produced by Human Intestinal Flora Employing UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:243-250. [PMID: 27881493 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside is the major active substance of Puhuang, a traditional herb medicine widely used in clinical practice to tackle many chronic diseases. However, little is known about the interactions between this ingredient and intestinal flora. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry together with automated data analysis software (Metabolynx™) was used for analysis of the metabolic profile of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside by the isolated human intestinal bacteria. The parent and three metabolites isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin and quercetin were detected and identified based on the characteristics of their deprotonated molecules. These metabolites indicated that isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside was firstly deglycosylated to isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and subsequently to the aglycone isorhamnetin, and the latter was demethylated to quercetin. The majority of bacteria such as Escherichia sp. 23 were capable of converting isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside to considerable amounts of aglycone isorhamnetin and further to minor amounts of quercetin, while minor amounts of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside were detected in minority of bacterial samples such as Enterococcus sp. 30. The metabolic pathway and metabolites of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside by the different human intestinal bacteria were firstly investigated. Furthermore, the metabolites of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside might influence the effects of traditional herb medicines. Thus, our study is helpful to further unravel how isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside and Puhuang work in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Shu-Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing210023, PR China
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22
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Farrell K, Jahan MA, Kovinich N. Distinct Mechanisms of Biotic and Chemical Elicitors Enable Additive Elicitation of the Anticancer Phytoalexin Glyceollin I. Molecules 2017; 22:E1261. [PMID: 28749423 PMCID: PMC6152012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoalexins are metabolites biosynthesized in plants in response to pathogen, environmental, and chemical stresses that often have potent bioactivities, rendering them promising for use as therapeutics or scaffolds for pharmaceutical development. Glyceollin I is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin from soybean that exhibits potent anticancer activities and is not economical to synthesize. Here, we tested a range of source tissues from soybean, in addition to chemical and biotic elicitors, to understand how to enhance the bioproduction of glyceollin I. Combining the inorganic chemical silver nitrate (AgNO₃) with the wall glucan elicitor (WGE) from the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae had an additive effect on the elicitation of soybean seeds, resulting in a yield of up to 745.1 µg gt-1 glyceollin I. The additive elicitation suggested that the biotic and chemical elicitors acted largely by separate mechanisms. WGE caused a major accumulation of phytoalexin gene transcripts, whereas AgNO₃ inhibited and enhanced the degradation of glyceollin I and 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Farrell
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Md Asraful Jahan
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Nik Kovinich
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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23
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Yoneyama K, Akashi T, Aoki T. Molecular Characterization of Soybean Pterocarpan 2-Dimethylallyltransferase in Glyceollin Biosynthesis: Local Gene and Whole-Genome Duplications of Prenyltransferase Genes Led to the Structural Diversity of Soybean Prenylated Isoflavonoids. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2497-2509. [PMID: 27986914 PMCID: PMC5159607 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) accumulates several prenylated isoflavonoid phytoalexins, collectively referred to as glyceollins. Glyceollins (I, II, III, IV and V) possess modified pterocarpan skeletons with C5 moieties from dimethylallyl diphosphate, and they are commonly produced from (6aS, 11aS)-3,9,6a-trihydroxypterocarpan [(-)-glycinol]. The metabolic fate of (-)-glycinol is determined by the enzymatic introduction of a dimethylallyl group into C-4 or C-2, which is reportedly catalyzed by regiospecific prenyltransferases (PTs). 4-Dimethylallyl (-)-glycinol and 2-dimethylallyl (-)-glycinol are precursors of glyceollin I and other glyceollins, respectively. Although multiple genes encoding (-)-glycinol biosynthetic enzymes have been identified, those involved in the later steps of glyceollin formation mostly remain unidentified, except for (-)-glycinol 4-dimethylallyltransferase (G4DT), which is involved in glyceollin I biosynthesis. In this study, we identified four genes that encode isoflavonoid PTs, including (-)-glycinol 2-dimethylallyltransferase (G2DT), using homology-based in silico screening and biochemical characterization in yeast expression systems. Transcript analyses illustrated that changes in G2DT gene expression were correlated with the induction of glyceollins II, III, IV and V in elicitor-treated soybean cells and leaves, suggesting its involvement in glyceollin biosynthesis. Moreover, the genomic signatures of these PT genes revealed that G4DT and G2DT are paralogs derived from whole-genome duplications of the soybean genome, whereas other PT genes [isoflavone dimethylallyltransferase 1 (IDT1) and IDT2] were derived via local gene duplication on soybean chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoneyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Akashi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan
| | - Toshio Aoki
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan
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24
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de Bruijn WJC, Vincken JP, Duran K, Gruppen H. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Benzoxazinoid Glycosides from Rhizopus-Elicited Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6267-76. [PMID: 27431363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids function as defense compounds and have been suggested to possess health-promoting effects. In this work, the mass spectrometric behavior of benzoxazinoids from the classes benzoxazin-3-ones (with subclasses lactams, hydroxamic acids, and methyl derivatives) and benzoxazolinones was studied. Wheat seeds were germinated with simultaneous elicitation by Rhizopus. The seedling extract was screened for the presence of benzoxazinoid (glycosides) using reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection coupled in line to multiple-stage mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-PDA-MS(n)). Benzoxazin-3-ones from the different subclasses showed distinctly different ionization and fragmentation behaviors. These features were incorporated into a newly proposed decision guideline to aid the classification of benzoxazinoids. Glycosides of the methyl derivative 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one were tentatively identified for the first time in wheat. We conclude that wheat seedlings germinated with simultaneous fungal elicitation contain a diverse array of benzoxazinoids, mainly constituted by benzoxazin-3-one glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Duran
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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25
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Bianchi SE, Teixeira HF, Kaiser S, Ortega GG, Schneider PH, Bassani VL. A bioanalytical HPLC method for coumestrol quantification in skin permeation tests followed by UPLC-QTOF/HDMS stability-indicating method for identification of degradation products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1020:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Aisyah S, Vincken JP, Andini S, Mardiah Z, Gruppen H. Compositional changes in (iso)flavonoids and estrogenic activity of three edible Lupinus species by germination and Rhizopus-elicitation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:65-75. [PMID: 26749476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of germination and elicitation on (iso)flavonoid composition of extracts from three edible lupine species (Lupinus luteus, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius) were determined by RP-UHPLC-MS(n). The total (iso)flavonoid content of lupine increased over 10-fold upon germination, with the total content and composition of isoflavonoids more affected than those of flavonoids. Glycosylated isoflavones were the most predominant compounds found in lupine seedlings. Lesser amounts of isoflavone aglycones, including prenylated ones, were also accumulated. Elicitation with Rhizopus oryzae, in addition to germination, raised the content of isoflavonoids further: the total content of 2'-hydroxygenistein derivatives was increased considerably, without increasing that of genistein derivatives. Elicitation by fungus triggered prenylation of isoflavonoids, especially of the 2'-hydroxygenistein derivatives. The preferred positions of prenylation differed among the three lupine species. The change in isoflavone composition increased the agonistic activity of the extracts towards the human estrogen receptors, whereas no antagonistic activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry Education, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Andini
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50211, Indonesia
| | - Zahara Mardiah
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, Ragunan 29, Jakarta Selatan 12540, Indonesia
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Demarque DP, Crotti AEM, Vessecchi R, Lopes JLC, Lopes NP. Fragmentation reactions using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: an important tool for the structural elucidation and characterization of synthetic and natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:432-55. [PMID: 26673733 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the number of studies reporting the use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in combination with collision cells (or other activation methods) to promote fragmentation of synthetic and natural products for structural elucidation purposes has considerably increased. However, the lack of a systematic compilation of the gas-phase fragmentation reactions subjected to ESI-MS/MS conditions still represents a challenge and has led to many misunderstood results in the literature. This review article exploits the most common fragmentation reactions for ions generated by ESI in positive and negative modes using collision cells in an effort to stimulate the use of this technique by non-specialists, undergraduate students and researchers in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Demarque
- Departamento de Física e Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Batista D, Falé PL, Serralheiro ML, Araújo ME, Madeira PJA, Borges C, Torgal I, Goulart M, Justino J, Martins A, Rauter AP. New In Vitro Studies on the Bioprofile of Genista tenera Antihyperglycemic Extract. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:10.1007/s13659-015-0077-z. [PMID: 26493049 PMCID: PMC4681709 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera (Fabaceae). This extract decreased α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25 %, respectively, being more effective than acarbose, and phlorizin, the positive controls, which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06 %. Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated, through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme (47.5 % inhibition). Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation, the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher (67.82 %) than that promoted by ascorbic acid, the positive control (45.05 %). In addition, the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Flavonoid diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract, and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro L Falé
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria L Serralheiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria E Araújo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J A Madeira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Borges
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Torgal
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Margarida Goulart
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Jorge Justino
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Amélia P Rauter
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Aisyah S, Gruppen H, Andini S, Bettonvil M, Severing E, Vincken JP. Variation in accumulation of isoflavonoids in Phaseoleae seedlings elicited by Rhizopus. Food Chem 2015; 196:694-701. [PMID: 26593543 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds from seven species of tribe Phaseoleae, i.e. Phaseolus, Vigna, Lablab and Psophocarpus, were investigated for inducibility of isoflavonoids by germination with or without subsequent elicitation with Rhizopus oryzae. Germination alone poorly induced isoflavonoid production (in the range of 0.2-0.7 mg representative compound equivalents (RCE)/g DW), whereas application of Rhizopus onto the seedlings increased the isoflavonoid content considerably (in the range of 0.5-3.3 mg RCE/g DW). The inducibility of different isoflavonoid subclasses in seedlings with Rhizopus varied per species. Isoflavones and isoflavanones were mainly found in elicited seedlings of Phaseolus, Vigna and Lablab, whereas pterocarpans were mainly observed in those of Psophocarpus. Despite their phylogenetic relatedness, the seeds of various species within Phaseoleae appeared to respond differently towards elicitation by Rhizopus during germination. The kind of molecules induced followed the phylogenetic relationship of the various species, but their amounts induced during germination, alone or combined with elicitation, did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry Education, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Andini
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Bettonvil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Severing
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Park G, Baek S, Kim JE, Lim TG, Lee CC, Yang H, Kang YG, Park JS, Augustin M, Mrosek M, Lee CY, Dong Z, Huber R, Lee KW. Flt3 is a target of coumestrol in protecting against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:473-83. [PMID: 26341390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While skin aging is a naturally occurring process by senescence, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation accelerates wrinkle formation and sagging of skin. UV induces skin aging by degrading collagen via activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we show that coumestrol, a metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein, has a preventive effect on skin photoaging in three-dimensional human skin equivalent model. Coumestrol inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and activity. Whole human kinase profiling assay identified FLT3 kinase as a novel target protein of coumestrol in UVB-induced signaling pathway in skin. Coumestrol suppresses FLT3 kinase activity, and subsequently, Ras/MEK/ERK and Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase pathway. This suppresses AP-1 activity and in turn, diminishes MMP-1 gene transcription. Using X-ray crystallography, the binding of coumestrol to FLT3 was defined and implied ATP-competitive inhibition. Residues Lys644 and Phe830 showed local changes to accommodate coumestrol in the ATP-binding pocket. 4-APIA, a pharmacological inhibitor of FLT3, inhibited MMP-1 expression and induced signal transduction changes similar to coumestrol. Taken together, coumestrol inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression by suppressing FLT3 kinase activity. These findings suggest that coumestrol is a novel dietary compound with potential application in preventing and improving UVB-associated skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Baek
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Hee Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seong Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States; Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert Huber
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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van de Schans MGM, Vincken JP, Bovee TFH, Cervantes AD, Logtenberg MJ, Gruppen H. Structural changes of 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpans upon heating modulate their estrogenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10475-84. [PMID: 25296697 DOI: 10.1021/jf503127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The isoflavonoid composition of an ethanolic extract of fungus-treated soybean sprouts was strongly altered by a combined acid/heat treatment. UHPLC-MS analysis showed that 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpans were completely converted to their respective, more stable, 6a,11a-pterocarpenes, whereas other isoflavonoids, from the isoflavone and coumestan subclasses, were affected to a much lesser extent (loss of ∼15%). Subsequently, mixtures enriched in prenylated 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpans (pools of glyceollin I/II/III and glyceollin IV/VI) or prenylated 6a,11a-pterocarpenes (pools of dehydroglyceollin I/II/III and dehydroglyceollin IV/VI) were purified, and tested for activity on both human estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). In particular, the response toward ERα changed, from agonistic for glyceollins to antagonistic for dehydroglyceollins. Toward ERβ a decrease in agonistic activity was observed. These results indicate that the introduction of a double bond with the concomitant loss of a hydroxyl group in 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpans extensively modulates their estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou G M van de Schans
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Maria John KM, Enkhtaivan G, Lee J, Thiruvengadam M, Keum YS, Kim DH. Spectroscopic determination of metabolic and mineral changes of soya-chunk mediated by Aspergillus sojae. Food Chem 2014; 170:1-9. [PMID: 25306310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Time dependent changes of primary (GC-MS), isoflavones (LC-MS) and minerals (ICP-OES) content of fermented soya-chunk were compared with un-fermented (0H) soya-chunk and presented. Results revealed that the amino acid content increased gradually based on the fermentation time; whereas the maltose, sucrose and fructose contents were reduced due to the fungal growth. The glucosides changed extensively during the initial fermentation time resulting in augmentation of aglycones and phytoalexins. This affects the antioxidant potential whereas the DPPH and ABTS of 0H showed lowest activity (18.15% and 54.92%) and increased quite high with fungal fermentation (45.81% and 93.47%). The calcium (0.55%), magnesium (0.47 mg/kg), nickel (5.17 mg/kg l(-1)), and copper (8.33 mg/kg l(-1)) content were increased during the fermentation and in a decrease of iron and aluminium contents. Findings suggest that the soya-chunk prepared by fungal fermentation will improve the antioxidant and mineral content and hence their nutritional property will be enhanced for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Maria John
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gansukh Enkhtaivan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Dai Y, Tu FJ, Yao ZH, Ding B, Xu W, Qiu XH, Yao XS. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine fufang preparation xianling gubao capsule by LC-linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1181-98. [PMID: 24117077 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine fufang preparation "Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao" capsule (XLGB), which is composed of six herbal medicines, is popularly used for the treatment of osteoporosis. A reliable and effective method using LC-linear ion trap (LTQ)/Orbitrap mass spectrometry for rapid screening and identification of chemical constituents in "Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao" capsule is described in this paper. Based on the UV spectrum, mass spectrum, and the chemical components isolated from the original plants of XLGB, 118 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including 58 flavonoid glycosides, six prenylated flavonones, five prenylated isoflavones, six prenylated chalcones, four xanthone C-glycosides, 13 saponins, eight phenolic acids, five coumarins, three lignans, three iridoids, five phenethyl alcohol glycosides, one tanshinone and one alkaloid. This work might be helpful for the quality control and further pharmacokinetic studies of XLGB, and provided a good example for the rapid identification of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine fufang preparation. Moreover, the identification strategy for the linkages of sugar residues in flavonol O-glycosides was summarized in the study. The diagnostic fragment ions at m/z 185 [C12H9O2] and 157 [C11H9O], which distinguish C-6 and C-8 prenylated flavonoids, were reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China , Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Martino T, Magalhães FCJ, Justo GA, Coelho MGP, Netto CD, Costa PRR, Sabino KCC. The pterocarpanquinone LQB-118 inhibits tumor cell proliferation by downregulation of c-Myc and cyclins D1 and B1 mRNA and upregulation of p21 cell cycle inhibitor expression. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3115-22. [PMID: 24794748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer grows annually worldwide and in Brazil it is the second cause of death. The search for anti-cancer drugs has then become urgent. It depends on the studies of natural and chemical synthesis products. The antitumor action of LQB-118, a pterocarpanquinone structurally related to lapachol, has been demonstrated to induce mechanisms linked to leukemia cell apoptosis. This work investigated some mechanisms of the in vitro antitumor action of LQB-118 on prostate cancer cells. LQB-118 reduced the expression of the c-Myc transcription factor, downregulated the cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 mRNA levels and upregulated the p21 cell cycle inhibitor. These effects resulted in cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. LQB-118 also induced programmed cell death of the prostate cancer cells, as evidenced by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and annexin-V positive cells. Except the cell cycle arrest in the S phase and enhanced c-Myc expression, all the mechanisms observed here for the in vitro antitumor action of LQB-118 were also found for Paclitaxel, a traditional antineoplastic drug. These findings suggest new molecular mechanisms for the LQB-118 in vitro antitumor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Martino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, 4° andar, PAPC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C J Magalhães
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, 4° andar, PAPC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Graça A Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, 4° andar, PAPC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Marsen G P Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, 4° andar, PAPC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Chaquip D Netto
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Nucleous of Natural Products, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Nucleous of Natural Products, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia C C Sabino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, 4° andar, PAPC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil.
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Quadri S, Stratford RE, Boué SM, Cole RB. Identification of glyceollin metabolites derived from conjugation with glutathione and glucuronic acid in male ZDSD rats by online liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2692-700. [PMID: 24617284 PMCID: PMC3983382 DOI: 10.1021/jf403498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyceollin-related metabolites produced in rats following oral glyceollin administration were screened in plasma, feces, and urine, and these metabolites were identified by precursor and product ion scanning using liquid chromatography coupled online with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Precursor ion scanning in the negative ion (NI) mode was used to identify all glyceollin metabolites based on production of a diagnostic radical product ion (m/z 148) upon decomposition. Using this approach, precursor peaks of interest were found at m/z 474 and 531. Tandem mass spectra of these two peaks allowed us to characterize them as byproducts of glutathione conjugation. The peak at m/z 474 was identified as the deprotonated cysteinyl conjugate of glyceollins with an addition of an oxygen atom, whereas m/z 531 was identified as the deprotonated cysteinylglyceine glyceollin conjugate plus an oxygen. These results were confirmed by positive ion (PI) mode analyses. Mercapturic acid conjugates of glyceollins were also identified in NI mode. In addition, glucuronidation of glyceollins was observed, giving a peak at m/z 513 corresponding to the deprotonated conjugate. Production of glucuronic acid conjugates of glyceollins was confirmed in vitro in rat liver microsomes. Neither glutathione conjugation byproducts nor glucuronic acid conjugates of glyceollins have been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda
S. Quadri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
| | - Robert E. Stratford
- College
of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Stephen M. Boué
- Southern Regional
Research Center, U.S.D.A., 1100 Robert
E. Lee Blvd. New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
- Institut
Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 8232), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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Aisyah S, Gruppen H, Madzora B, Vincken JP. Modulation of isoflavonoid composition of Rhizopus oryzae elicited soybean (Glycine max) seedlings by light and wounding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8657-67. [PMID: 23944987 DOI: 10.1021/jf4020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The isoflavonoid profile of soybean was altered in different ways by stimulation of defense response upon germination. The combination of simultaneous germination and induction by Rhizopus oryzae increased the total isoflavonoid content of soybeans over 2-fold. Pterocarpans became the predominant isoflavonoids, up to 50% (w/w) of total isoflavonoids. To modulate both isoflavonoid content and composition further, the treatment was extended with wounding or light stimuli. The total isoflavonoid content could be increased over 3-fold compared to untreated beans by growing fungus-elicited soybean seedlings in light, whereas wounding was less effective. Interestingly, light altered the composition of prenylated pterocarpans by mediating the position of prenylation. The 2-prenylated pterocarpan level increased 2-fold, whereas that of 4-prenylated pterocarpan remained similar. Taken together, fungus was the most effective elicitor to alter the isoflavonoid content and composition of soybean seedlings, the impact of which can be further enhanced and mediated by additional stimuli, particularly light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bórquez J, Kennelly EJ, Simirgiotis MJ. Activity guided isolation of isoflavones and hyphenated HPLC-PDA-ESI-ToF-MS metabolome profiling of Azorella madreporica Clos. from northern Chile. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Quadri SS, Stratford RE, Boué SM, Cole RB. Screening and identification of glyceollins and their metabolites by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor ion scanning. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1727-33. [PMID: 23294002 PMCID: PMC3593975 DOI: 10.1021/ac3030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for screening glyceollins and their metabolites based on precursor ion scanning. Under higher-energy collision conditions with the employment of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode, deprotonated glyceollin precursors yield a diagnostic radical product ion at m/z 148. We propose this resonance-stabilized radical anion, formed in violation of the even-electron rule, to be diagnostic of glyceollins and glyceollin metabolites. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) established that scanning for precursors of m/z 148 can identify glyceollins and their metabolites from plasma samples originating from rats dosed with glyceollins. Precursor peaks of interest were found at m/z 337, 353, 355, 417, and 433. The peak at m/z 337 corresponds to deprotonated glyceollins, whereas the others represent metabolites of glyceollins. Accurate mass measurement confirmed m/z 417 to be a sulfated metabolite of glyceollins. The peak at m/z 433 is also sulfated, but it contains an additional oxygen, as confirmed by accurate mass measurement. The latter metabolite differs from the former likely by the replacement of a hydrogen with a hydroxyl moiety. The peaks at m/z 353 and 355 are proposed to correspond to hydroxylated metabolites of glyceollins, wherein the latter additionally undergoes a double bond reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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Xu MJ, Wu B, Ding T, Chu JH, Li CY, Zhang J, Wu T, Wu J, Liu SJ, Liu SL, Ju WZ, Li P. Simultaneous characterization of prenylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids in Psoralea corylifolia L. by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2343-58. [PMID: 22956327 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prenylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, with many biological effects. Psoralea corylifolia, which contains many kinds of prenylated components, has been widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia and India for thousands of years. The goal of this study was to characterize the components in P. corylifolia using a liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS) method, and to elucidate the fragmentation behavior of the different prenyl substituent groups and their appropriate characteristic pathways in positive ion mode. METHODS The calculated accurate masses of the protonated molecules, the fragment ions, the retention behavior, and the data from UV spectra were used for identification of the components in P. corylifolia. RESULTS A total of 45 compounds, including 43 prenylated components, were identified or tentatively identified in P. corylifolia. Different diagnostic fragment ions and neutral losses were observed in different prenyl substructures: neutral loss of 56 Da (C(4)H(8)) and a fragment ion at m/z 69 (C(5)H(9)(+)) were generated by a prenyl chain; neutral losses of 42 Da (C(3)H(6)), 54 Da (C(4)H(6)), 15 Da (CH(3•)) and 16 Da (CH(4)) were observed in a ring-closed prenyl group; neutral losses of 72 Da (C(4)H(8)O), 60 Da (C(2)H(4)O(2)), 58 Da (C(3)H(6)O) and 18 Da (H(2)O) were detected in a 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroxydihydropyran ring; neutral losses of 72 Da (C(4)H(8)O), 60 Da (C(3)H(8)O) and 18 Da (H(2)O) were yielded from a 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxydihydropyran ring, a 2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)dihydrofuran ring or a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl chain. CONCLUSIONS This method can be applied for analysis of prenylated components in P. corylifolia and other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Boué SM, Isakova IA, Burow ME, Cao H, Bhatnagar D, Sarver JG, Shinde KV, Erhardt PW, Heiman ML. Glyceollins, soy isoflavone phytoalexins, improve oral glucose disposal by stimulating glucose uptake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6376-82. [PMID: 22655912 DOI: 10.1021/jf301057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soy glyceollins, induced during stress, have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we used prediabetic rats to examine the glyceollins effect on blood glucose. During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the blood glucose excursion was significantly decreased in the rats treated with oral administration of either 30 or 90 mg/kg glyceollins. Plasma analysis demonstrated that glyceollins are absorbed after oral administration, and duration of exposure extends from 20 min to at least 4 h postadministration. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to glyceollins significantly increased both insulin-stimulated and basal glucose uptake. Basal glucose uptake was increased 1.5-fold by exposure to 5 μM glyceollin in a dose-response manner. Coincubation with insulin significantly stimulated maximal glucose uptake above basal uptake levels and tended to increase glucose uptake beyond the levels of either stimulus alone. On a molecular level, polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of glucose transporter GLUT4 mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, especially when the cells were exposed to 5 μM glyceollins for 3 h in vitro. It correlated with elevated protein levels of GLUT4 detected in the 5 μM glyceollin-treated cells. Thus, the simulative effect of the glyceollins on adipocyte glucose uptake was attributed to up-regulation of glucose transporters. These findings indicate potential benefits of the glyceollins as an intervention in prediabetic conditions as well as a treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes by increasing both the insulin-mediated and the basal, insulin-independent, glucose uptake by adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Boué
- Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA.
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Simons R, Gruppen H, Bovee TFH, Verbruggen MA, Vincken JP. Prenylated isoflavonoids from plants as selective estrogen receptor modulators (phytoSERMs). Food Funct 2012; 3:810-27. [PMID: 22684228 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites, which comprise amongst others the subclasses of isoflavones, isoflavans, pterocarpans and coumestans. Isoflavonoids are abundant in Leguminosae, and many of them can bind to the human estrogen receptor (hER) with affinities similar to or lower than that of estradiol. Dietary intake of these so-called phytoestrogens has been associated with positive effects on menopausal complaints, hormone-related cancers, and osteoporosis. Therefore, phytoestrogens are used as nutraceuticals in functional foods or food supplements. Most of the isoflavonoids show agonistic activity towards both hERα and hERβ, the extent of which is modulated by the substitution pattern of their skeleton (i.e.-OH, -OCH(3)). Interestingly, substitutions consisting of a five-carbon prenyl group often seem to result in an antiestrogenic activity. There is growing evidence that the action of some of these prenylated isoflavonoids is tissue-specific, suggesting that they act like selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as the well-known chemically synthesized raloxifene and tamoxifen. These so-called phytoSERMS might have high potential for realizing new food and pharma applications. In this review, the structural features of isoflavonoids (i.e. the kind of skeleton and prenylation (e.g. chain or pyran), position of the prenyl group on the skeleton, and the extent of prenylation (single, double)) are discussed in relation to their estrogenic activity. Anti-estrogenic and SERM activity of isoflavonoids was always associated with prenylation, but these activities did not seem to be confined to one particular kind/position of prenylation or isoflavonoid subclass. Few estrogens with agonistic activity were prenylated, but these were not tested for antagonistic activity; possibly, these molecules will turn out to be phytoSERMs as well. Furthermore, the data on the dietary occurrence, bioavailability and metabolism of prenylated isoflavonoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Simons
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Yang J, Ding L, Hu L, Jin S, Liu W, You Q, Guo Q. Rapid characterization of caged xanthones in the resin of Garcinia hanburyi using multiple mass spectrometric scanning modes: The importance of biosynthetic knowledge based prediction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 60:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ahuja I, Kissen R, Bones AM. Phytoalexins in defense against pathogens. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:73-90. [PMID: 22209038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants use an intricate defense system against pests and pathogens, including the production of low molecular mass secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, which are synthesized de novo after stress and are collectively known as phytoalexins. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and regulation of camalexin, and its role in plant defense. In addition, we detail some of the phytoalexins produced by a range of crop plants from Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Vitaceae and Poaceae. This includes the very recently identified kauralexins and zealexins produced by maize, and the biosynthesis and regulation of phytoalexins produced by rice. Molecular approaches are helping to unravel some of the mechanisms and reveal the complexity of these bioactive compounds, including phytoalexin action and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Simons R, Vincken JP, Roidos N, Bovee TFH, van Iersel M, Verbruggen MA, Gruppen H. Increasing soy isoflavonoid content and diversity by simultaneous malting and challenging by a fungus to modulate estrogenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6748-58. [PMID: 21561073 DOI: 10.1021/jf2010707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans were germinated on a kilogram-scale, by the application of malting technology used in the brewing industry, and concomitantly challenged with Rhizopus microsporus var. oryzae. In a time-course experiment, samples were taken every 24 h for 10 days, and the isoflavonoid profile was analyzed by RP-UHPLC-MS. Upon induction with R. microsporus, the isoflavonoid composition changed drastically with the formation of phytoalexins belonging to the subclasses of the pterocarpans and coumestans and by prenylation of the various isoflavonoids. The pterocarpan content stabilized at 2.24 mg of daidzein equivalents (DE) per g after ∼9 days. The levels of the less common glyceofuran, glyceollin IV, and V/VI ranged from 0.18 to 0.35 mg DE/g and were comparable to those of the more commonly reported glyceollins I, II, and III (0.22-0.32 mg DE/g) and glycinol (0.42 mg DE/g). The content of prenylated isoflavones after the induction process was 0.30 mg DE/g. The total isoflavonoid content increased by a factor of 10-12 on DW basis after 9 days, which was suggested to be ascribable to de novo synthesis. These changes were accompanied by a gradual increase in agonistic activity of the extracts toward both the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ during the 10-day induction, with a more pronounced activity toward ERβ. Thus, the induction process yielded a completely different spectrum of isoflavonoids, with a much higher bioactivity toward the estrogen receptors. This, together with the over 10-fold increase in potential bioactives, offers promising perspectives for producing more, novel, and higher potency nutraceuticals by malting under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Simons
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Proof of principle for the synthesis of hydroxy-aryl esters of glycosidic polyols and non-reducing oligosaccharides with subsequent enzymatic coupling to a tyrosine-containing tripeptide. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1005-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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