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Holthaus TA, Keye SA, Verma S, Cannavale CN, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Dietary patterns and carotenoid intake: Comparisons of MIND, Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index. Nutr Res 2024; 126:58-66. [PMID: 38615632 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary pattern is associated with reduced cognitive decline and dementia risk. However, the nutrient features that distinguish the MIND from other patterns are unknown. We investigated the relationship between accordance to the MIND pattern and carotenoid intake (phytonutrients hypothesized to confer neuroprotection) relative to the Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). We hypothesized that MIND diet accordance would be a stronger predictor of carotenoid intake relative to other diet indices. A total of 396 adults (aged 19-82 years) completed the Dietary History Questionnaire to assess carotenoid intake and adherence to each diet index. Stepwise regressions with adjustment for covariates followed by the Meng's Z-test were used to compare correlation strength between each diet pattern and carotenoid. All diet patterns were positively associated with lutein and zeaxanthin, β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin (all βs ≥0.38, Ps <.01). Effect size comparisons revealed that MIND accordance predicted a greater proportion of variance in lutein and zeaxanthin (all Zs ≥ 3.3, Ps < .001) and β-carotene (all Zs ≥ 2.6, Ps < .01) relative to the Mediterranean, DASH, and HEI-2020. MIND accordance explained a greater proportion of variance in α-carotene (Z = 3.8, P < .001) and β-cryptoxanthin (Z = 3.6, P < .001) relative to the HEI-2020. MIND diet accordance was disproportionately related to carotenoid intake, indicating the MIND index places greater emphasis on carotenoid-rich foods, particularly those containing lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, relative to other diet indices. Future research is needed to define the role of these carotenoids in nutritional interventions for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shreya Verma
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Feng G, Xu X, Liu W, Hao F, Yang Z, Nie G, Huang L, Peng Y, Bushman S, He W, Zhang X. Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into the Early Development of Tiller Buds in High- and Low-Tillering Orchardgrass Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16370. [PMID: 38003564 PMCID: PMC10671593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is among the most economically important perennial cool-season grasses, and is considered an excellent hay, pasture, and silage crop in temperate regions worldwide. Tillering is a vital feature that dominates orchardgrass regeneration and biomass yield. However, transcriptional dynamics underlying early-stage bud development in high- and low-tillering orchardgrass genotypes are unclear. Thus, this study assessed the photosynthetic parameters, the partially essential intermediate biomolecular substances, and the transcriptome to elaborate the early-stage profiles of tiller development. Photosynthetic efficiency and morphological development significantly differed between high- (AKZ-NRGR667) and low-tillering genotypes (D20170203) at the early stage after tiller formation. The 206.41 Gb of high-quality reads revealed stage-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs), demonstrating that signal transduction and energy-related metabolism pathways, especially photosynthetic-related processes, influence tiller induction and development. Moreover, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment identified distinctively co-expressed gene clusters and four main regulatory pathways, including chlorophyll, lutein, nitrogen, and gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism pathways. Therefore, photosynthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, nitrogen efficient utilization, and phytohormone signaling pathways are closely and intrinsically linked at the transcriptional level. These findings enhance our understanding of tillering in orchardgrass and perennial grasses, providing a new breeding strategy for improving forage biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feigxiang Hao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaun Bushman
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, 695 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA
| | - Wei He
- Grassland Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Saeid Nia M, Scholz L, Garibay-Hernández A, Mock HP, Repnik U, Selinski J, Krupinska K, Bilger W. How do barley plants with impaired photosynthetic light acclimation survive under high-light stress? PLANTA 2023; 258:71. [PMID: 37632541 PMCID: PMC10460368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WHIRLY1 deficient barley plants surviving growth at high irradiance displayed increased non-radiative energy dissipation, enhanced contents of zeaxanthin and the flavonoid lutonarin, but no changes in α-tocopherol nor glutathione. Plants are able to acclimate to environmental conditions to optimize their functions. With the exception of obligate shade plants, they can adjust their photosynthetic apparatus and the morphology and anatomy of their leaves to irradiance. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise) plants with reduced abundance of the protein WHIRLY1 were recently shown to be unable to acclimatise important components of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light. Nevertheless, these plants did not show symptoms of photoinhibition. High-light (HL) grown WHIRLY1 knockdown plants showed clear signs of exposure to excessive irradiance such as a low epoxidation state of the violaxanthin cycle pigments and an early light saturation of electron transport. These responses were underlined by a very large xanthophyll cycle pool size and by an increased number of plastoglobules. Whereas zeaxanthin increased with HL stress, α-tocopherol, which is another lipophilic antioxidant, showed no response to excessive light. Also the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant glutathione showed no increase in W1 plants as compared to the wild type, whereas the flavone lutonarin was induced in W1 plants. HPLC analysis of removed epidermal tissue indicated that the largest part of lutonarin was presumably located in the mesophyll. Since lutonarin is a better antioxidant than saponarin, the major flavone present in barley leaves, it is concluded that lutonarin accumulated as a response to oxidative stress. It is also concluded that zeaxanthin and lutonarin may have served as antioxidants in the WHIRLY1 knockdown plants, contributing to their survival in HL despite their restricted HL acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Scholz
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Welc-Stanowska R, Pietras R, Mielecki B, Sarewicz M, Luchowski R, Widomska J, Grudzinski W, Osyczka A, Gruszecki WI. How Do Xanthophylls Protect Lipid Membranes from Oxidative Damage? J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7440-7444. [PMID: 37578906 PMCID: PMC10461299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we address the problem of the antioxidant activity of carotenoids in biomembranes. The activity of lutein and zeaxanthin in the quenching of singlet oxygen generated by photosensitization was monitored in lipid vesicles using a singlet oxygen-sensitive fluorescent probe and with the application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls was interpreted on the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry results showing that xanthophylls constitute a barrier to the penetration of molecular oxygen into lipid membranes: to a greater extent in the 13-cis configuration than in all-trans. These results are discussed in relation to the trans-cis photoisomerization of xanthophylls observed in the human retina. It can be concluded that photoisomerization of xanthophylls is a regulatory mechanism that is important for both the modulation of light filtration through the macula and photoprotection by quenching singlet oxygen and creating a barrier to oxygen permeation to membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Welc-Stanowska
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Institute
of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Pietras
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bohun Mielecki
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Prof. Stanisława
Łojasiewicza Street 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Sarewicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Widomska
- Department
of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Widomska J, Subczynski WK, Welc-Stanowska R, Luchowski R. An Overview of Lutein in the Lipid Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12948. [PMID: 37629129 PMCID: PMC10454802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin (a steroisomer of zeaxanthin) are macular pigments. They modify the physical properties of the lipid bilayers in a manner similar to cholesterol. It is not clear if these pigments are directly present in the lipid phase of the membranes, or if they form complexes with specific membrane proteins that retain them in high amounts in the correct place in the retina. The high content of macular pigments in the Henle fiber layer indicates that a portion of the lutein and zeaxanthin should not only be bound to the specific proteins but also directly dissolved in the lipid membranes. This high concentration in the prereceptoral region of the retina is effective for blue-light filtration. Understanding the basic mechanisms of these actions is necessary to better understand the carotenoid-membrane interaction and how carotenoids affect membrane physical properties-such as fluidity, polarity, and order-in relation to membrane structure and membrane dynamics. This review focuses on the properties of lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College on Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | | | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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Martell SG, Kim J, Cannavale CN, Mehta TD, Erdman JW, Adamson B, Motl RW, Khan NA. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind Study of Lutein Supplementation on Carotenoid Status and Cognition in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. J Nutr 2023; 153:2298-2311. [PMID: 37364683 PMCID: PMC10447884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally managed using disease-modifying pharmaceutical therapies as a first line approach for treatment, yet there is increasing interest in lifestyle factors, particularly diet, for managing disease outcomes. Lutein has neuroprotective properties in healthy adults, but no previous research has examined the effects of lutein supplementation in persons with MS. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 4-mo lutein supplementation on carotenoid status and cognition in persons with relapse-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS A randomized controlled, single-blind research design was used among adults with RRMS (N = 21). Participants were randomized into placebo (n = 9) or treatment (20-mg/d lutein, n = 12) groups with outcomes measured before and after 4 mo. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were assessed using reflection spectroscopy. Serum lutein was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cognition was assessed via the Eriksen flanker with event-related potentials, spatial reconstruction, and the symbol digit modalities tests. RESULTS There was a significant group by time interaction for MPOD (F = 6.74, P = 0.02), skin carotenoids (F = 17.30, P < 0.01), and serum lutein (F = 24.10, P < 0.01), whereby the treatment group improved in all carotenoid outcomes. There were no significant group by time interactions for cognitive and neuroelectric outcomes. However, increase in MPOD was positively associated with accuracy during the flanker incongruent trials (r = 0.55, P = 0.03) and the spatial memory task (r = 0.58, P = 0.02) among treatment participants. CONCLUSIONS Lutein supplementation increases carotenoid status among persons with RRMS. There is no significant effect on cognitive function but change in macular carotenoids is selectively associated with improved attention and memory. This study provides preliminary support for a fully powered study targeting retinal and neural carotenoids for cognitive benefits in persons with MS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04843813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby G Martell
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Twinkle D Mehta
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Brynn Adamson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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7
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Li X, Holt RR, Keen CL, Morse LS, Zivkovic AM, Yiu G, Hackman RM. Potential roles of dietary zeaxanthin and lutein in macular health and function. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:670-683. [PMID: 36094616 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are three xanthophyll carotenoid pigments that selectively concentrate in the center of the retina. Humans cannot synthesize lutein and zeaxanthin, so these compounds must be obtained from the diet or supplements, with meso-zeaxanthin being converted from lutein in the macula. Xanthophylls are major components of macular pigments that protect the retina through the provision of oxidant defense and filtering of blue light. The accumulation of these three xanthophylls in the central macula can be quantified with non-invasive methods, such as macular pigment optical density (MPOD). MPOD serves as a useful tool for assessing risk for, and progression of, age-related macular degeneration, the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. Dietary surveys suggest that the dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin are decreasing. In addition to low dietary intake, pregnancy and lactation may compromise the lutein and zeaxanthin status of both the mother and infant. Lutein is found in modest amounts in some orange- and yellow-colored vegetables, yellow corn products, and in egg yolks, but rich sources of zeaxanthin are not commonly consumed. Goji berries contain the highest known levels of zeaxanthin of any food, and regular intake of these bright red berries may help protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration through an increase in MPOD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the protective function of macular xanthophylls in the eye, speculate on the compounds' role in maternal and infant health, suggest the establishment of recommended dietary values for lutein and zeaxanthin, and introduce goji berries as a rich food source of zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- is with the Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lawrence S Morse
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- re with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hackman
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
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8
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030676. [PMID: 36978923 PMCID: PMC10045512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. This review article’s methodologies were based on a search of the PubMed database for all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and olive oil may prevent the development of depression. Antioxidant supplementation has been found to combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A growing body of evidence indicates that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest that poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of fast food and other convenience foods, may increase the risk of developing depression. Thus, dietary interventions have the potential to help mitigate the risk of mental health decline in both the general population and those with mood disorders. Considering that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is expected that they might exert a promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further studies (including interventional and mechanistic studies) assessing the effect of carotenoids on preventing and alleviating depression symptoms are needed.
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Ri JS, Choe CS, Choe SH, Jong KH, Hong SN, Schleusener J, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Lycopene, but not zeaxanthin, serves as a skeleton for the formation of an orthorhombic organization of intercellular lipids within the lamellae in the stratum corneum: Molecular dynamics simulations of the hydrated ceramide NS bilayer model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184081. [PMID: 36342013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role in the protection of biomembranes against oxidative damage. Their function depends on the surroundings and the organization of the lipid membrane they are embedded in. Carotenoids are located parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer. The influence of carotenoids on the organization of the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum has not been thoroughly considered. Here, the orientation of the exemplary cutaneous carotenoids lycopene and zeaxanthin in a hydrated ceramide NS24 bilayer model and the influence of carotenoids on the lateral organization of the lipid bilayer model were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations for 32 °C and 37 °C. The results confirm that lycopene is located parallel and zeaxanthin perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer. The lycopene-loaded lipid bilayer appeared to have a strong orthorhombic organization, while zeaxanthin-loaded and pure lipid bilayers were organized in a disordered hexagonal-like and liquid-like state, respectively. The effect is stronger at 32 °C compared to 37 °C based on p-values. Therefore, it was assumed that carotenoids without hydroxyl polar groups in their structure facilitate the formation of the orthorhombic organization of lipids, which provides the skin barrier function. It was shown that the distance between carotenoid atoms matched the distance between atoms in the lipids, indicating that parallel located carotenoids without hydroxyl groups serve as a skeleton for lipid membranes inside the lamellae. The obtained results provide reasonable prediction of the overall qualitative properties of lipid model systems and show the importance of parallel-oriented carotenoids in the development and maintenance of the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Ri
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Choe
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyok Choe
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyok Jong
- Faculty of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Nam Hong
- Faculty of Materials Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Gisoldi RC, Lodato G, Balzamino BO, Esposito G, Micera A, Pocobelli A. The usefulness of lutein/trypan blue vital dye for the staining of corneal endothelium: a pilot study on DMEK pretreated tissues. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 261:1321-1329. [PMID: 36445446 PMCID: PMC9707145 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to evaluate the usefulness of lutein/trypan blue vital dye for the staining of corneal tissues and endothelium-Descemet membrane (EDM) for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS Sixteen human corneal tissues (Eye Bank, Rome, Italy) were used. Corneal endothelium was tested at 25 s (T0), 1 min (T1), 2 min (T2), and 4 min (T4) from dye addition. Staining intensity and cell counting were compared. Stripped EDM was analyzed for selected apoptotic (AP, caspases, BCL2, BAX) and differentiation (VEGF-A, TGF-β1RI, SMAD3/7, SMA) targets and changes in target expression. Protein extracts were analyzed through SDS-PAGE/IB. RESULTS Although trypan blue staining produced the same color intensity of lutein/trypan blue dye in half the time, lutein/trypan blue reached a good and adequate color intensity at T4, which persisted even on excised and washed EDM grafts. Lutein/trypan blue-stained EDM showed a reduced number of blue-stained cells and AP immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the same samples. An increased BCL2 transcript and a reduced BAX transcript were detected in lutein/trypan blue-stained EDM. No significant changes were observed for the main effector caspases (3/9) upon both treatments and the target genes representative of endothelial cell trans-differentiation (TGF-β1RI, SMAD3/7, SMA). A trend in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) regulation was observed in lutein/trypan blue-treated EDM grafts. CONCLUSION Obtained results suggest that lutein/trypan blue dye deserves attention in the DMEK field and support the potential routine use of this dye as a valid alternative to trypan blue for all procedures devoted to the assessment of endothelial cell viability and visualization of EDM graft before DMEK grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Lodato
- San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, UOC Oftalmologia, Banca degli Occhi, Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziana Esposito
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Pocobelli
- San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, UOC Oftalmologia, Banca degli Occhi, Rome, Italy
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11
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The OCT angular sign of Henle fiber layer (HFL) hyperreflectivity (ASHH) and the pathoanatomy of the HFL in macular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Nanoscale Delivery Systems of Lutein: An Updated Review from a Pharmaceutical Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091852. [PMID: 36145601 PMCID: PMC9501598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural lipid-soluble pigments that produce yellow to red colors in plants as well as providing bright coloration in vegetables and fruits. Lutein belongs to the xanthophyll subgroup of the carotenoid family, which plays an essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in nature. In the human body, lutein, together with its isomer zeaxanthin and its metabolite meso-zeaxanthin, accumulates in the macula of the eye retina, which is responsible for central, high-resolution, and color vision. As a bioactive phytochemical, lutein has essential physiological functions, providing photoprotection against damaging blue light, along with the neutralization of oxidants and the preservation of the structural and functional integrity of cellular membranes. As a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, lutein unfortunately has a low bioavailability because of its lipophilicity and a low stability as a result of its conjugated double bonds. In order to enhance lutein stability and bioavailability and achieve its controlled delivery to a target, nanoscale delivery systems, which have great potential for the delivery of bioactive compounds, are starting to be employed. The current review highlights the advantages and innovations associated with incorporating lutein within promising nanoscale delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymer nanoparticles, and polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles, as well as their unique physiochemical properties.
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13
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Park SY, Eun H, Lee MH, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli with electron channelling for the production of natural products. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Lv Y, Amanullah S, Liu S, Zhang C, Liu H, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Gao P, Luan F. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identified Key Pathways and Genes Regulating Differentiated Stigma Color in Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126721. [PMID: 35743161 PMCID: PMC9224399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigma color is an important morphological trait in many flowering plants. Visual observations in different field experiments have shown that a green stigma in melons is more attractive to natural pollinators than a yellow one. In the current study, we evaluated the characterization of two contrasted melon lines (MR-1 with a green stigma and M4-7 with a yellow stigma). Endogenous quantification showed that the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the MR-1 stigmas was higher compared to the M4-7 stigmas. The primary differences in the chloroplast ultrastructure at different developmental stages depicted that the stigmas of both melon lines were mainly enriched with granum, plastoglobulus, and starch grains. Further, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify the candidate pathways and genes regulating melon stigma color during key developmental stages (S1–S3). The obtained results indicated similar biological processes involved in the three stages, but major differences were observed in light reactions and chloroplast pathways. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) uncovered a “black” network module (655 out of 5302 genes), mainly corresponding to light reactions, light harvesting, the chlorophyll metabolic process, and the chlorophyll biosynthetic process, and exhibited a significant contribution to stigma color. Overall, the expression of five key genes of the chlorophyll synthesis pathway—CAO (MELO03C010624), CHLH (MELO03C007233), CRD (MELO03C026802), HEMA (MELO03C011113), POR (MELO03C016714)—were checked at different stages of stigma development in both melon lines using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results exhibited that the expression of these genes gradually increased during the stigma development of the MR-1 line but decreased in the M4-7 line at S2. In addition, the expression trends in different stages were the same as RNA-seq, indicating data accuracy. To sum up, our research reveals an in-depth molecular mechanism of stigma coloration and suggests that chlorophyll and related biological activity play an important role in differentiating melon stigma color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzuo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Horticulture College of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (F.L.)
| | - Feishi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (S.A.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (F.L.)
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15
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Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Melcher M, Brinkmann V, Luo Z, Laromaine A, Raimundo N, Meyer JN, Distelmaier F, Ventura N. Neuroligin-mediated neurodevelopmental defects are induced by mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented by lutein in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2620. [PMID: 35551180 PMCID: PMC9098500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex-I-deficiency represents the most frequent pathogenetic cause of human mitochondriopathies. Therapeutic options for these neurodevelopmental life-threating disorders do not exist, partly due to the scarcity of appropriate model systems to study them. Caenorhabditis elegans is a genetically tractable model organism widely used to investigate neuronal pathologies. Here, we generate C. elegans models for mitochondriopathies and show that depletion of complex I subunits recapitulates biochemical, cellular and neurodevelopmental aspects of the human diseases. We exploit two models, nuo-5/NDUFS1- and lpd-5/NDUFS4-depleted animals, for a suppressor screening that identifies lutein for its ability to rescue animals’ neurodevelopmental deficits. We uncover overexpression of synaptic neuroligin as an evolutionarily conserved consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, which we find to mediate an early cholinergic defect in C. elegans. We show lutein exerts its beneficial effects by restoring neuroligin expression independently from its antioxidant activity, thus pointing to a possible novel pathogenetic target for the human disease. Mitochondrial deficiency causes rare incurable disorders. Here, the authors use C. elegans to study these diseases and find that the natural compound lutein prevents neurodevelopmental deficits, thus pointing to a possible therapeutic target for the human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlen Melcher
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Brinkmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhongrui Luo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, 17033, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328, USA
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Zhang F, Tang Y, Yang X, Pan Y, Hou Q, Ding Y, Pei J. Anti-lipid oxidation of chitosan oligosaccharide modified by laccase/TEMPO reaction. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Bikbov MM, Gilmanshin TR, Zainullin RM, Kazakbaeva GM, Iakupova EM, Fakhretdinova AA, Tuliakova AM, Panda‐Jonas S, Arslangareeva II, Zinnatullin AA, Gilemzianova LI, Khakimov DA, Jonas JB. Macular pigment optical density and its determinants in a Russian population: the ural eye and medical study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1691-e1700. [PMID: 35343640 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its associations with ocular and systemic parameters and diseases. METHODS The population-based study Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals. As part of ophthalmological and systemic examinations, MPOD was measured by reflectometry. RESULTS Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) data were available for 4889 (82.9%) individuals (mean age:57.8 ± 10.1 years;range: 40-94). Mean values for MOPD, maximal MOPD, macular pigment (MP) area and MP volume were 0.13 ± 0.04 d.u. (density units), 0.36 ± 0.09 d.u., 60 791 ± 14 826 pixel and 8033 ± 2888 d.u.pixel, respectively. A higher MP density was correlated (regression coefficient r: 0.63) with older age (standardized regression coefficient beta: 0.59; non-standardized regression coefficient B: 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.23; p < 0.001), female sex (beta: 0.08; B:0.63; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.83; p < 0.001), rural region of habitation (beta: 0.13; B: 1.02; 95%CI: 0.83, 1.22; p < 0.001), lower body mass index (beta: -0.04; B: -0.03; 95%CI: -0.05, 0.01; p = 0.004), lower prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (beta: -0.03; B: -0.43; 95%CI: -0.79, -0.08; p = 0.02), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (beta: 0.03; B: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.002, 0.02; p = 0.03), lower leukocyte cell count (beta: -0.04; B: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.16, -0.03; p = 0.003), thinner temporal parafoveal retinal thickness (beta: -0.06; B: -0.01;95%CI: -0.01, -0.003; p < 0.001), thinner central corneal thickness (beta: -0.06; B: -0.006; 95%CI: -0.009, -0.004; p < 0.001), higher prevalence of pseudophakia (beta: 0.09;B:2.08; 95%CI: 1.50, 2.65; p < 0.001) and reticular pseudo drusen (RPD) (beta: 0.03; B: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.98; p = 0.01) and lower stage of open-angle glaucoma (beta: -0.03; B: -0.39; 95%CI: -0.74, -0.04; p = 0. 03). Prevalence (p = 0.44; beta: -0.01) and degree (p = 0.70; beta: -0.01) of angle-closure glaucoma, prevalence (p = 0.31; beta: 0.01) of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without RPD and prevalence (p = 0.95; beta: 0.001) of diabetic retinopathy were not significantly associated with the mean MP density in that model. CONCLUSIONS A higher RPD prevalence and lower stage of open-angle glaucoma were ophthalmological disorders associated with a higher MPOD in a multivariable analysis, including parameters of older age, pseudophakia, female sex, rural region, lower body mass index and lower perifoveal retinal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda‐Jonas Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jost B. Jonas
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda‐Jonas Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel Switzerland
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18
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Yang X, Liu J, Wan P, Guo D, Chen DW. Use of egg yolk to imitate meat aroma. Food Chem 2022; 371:131112. [PMID: 34537609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk contains abundant meat precursors, but its odor is quite different from meat aroma. In this study, the lipids in egg yolk were partly removed by acetone or totally removed by chloroform/methanol, and lutein was removed simultaneously by the solvents. Then, the samples were heated, and the volatiles and aroma profiles were analyzed. The results showed that chicken meat aroma and meat aroma were imitated successfully through the removal of neutral lipids and lutein (acetone-treated) and total lipids and lutein (chloroform/methanol-treated) egg yolk samples, respectively. Finally, additional lutein and tert-butylhydroquinone were employed for validating the inhibiting effects of lutein on lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction, and the results demonstrated that it was lutein rather than lipids or their degradation products that determined the flavor formation. These findings push forward the mechanisms for the formation of meat flavor and provide insights for future manufacturing of meat aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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19
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Chen C, Lu Z, Zhang D, Li S. The Mediation Role of the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Cognitive Functions among Older Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030578. [PMID: 35276937 PMCID: PMC8840044 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies showed lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) may influence cognitive function by different mechanisms. Our study aimed to be the first to examine whether the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediated the possible association between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants aged 60 years or over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the association between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function, and structural equation modeling tested the mediation effect. Results: The fatty liver index for the United States population (US FLI) acted as a mediator in the association between the higher intake of L and Z and the Animal Fluency Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and composite score and mediated 13.89%, 17.87%, and 13.79% of the total association in dietary L and Z intake (14.29%, 13.68%, and 10.34% of the total association in total L and Z intake), respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicated the potential role of the risk of NAFLD as a mediator of associations between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function in the geriatric American population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suyun Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-8299-1712
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20
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Maglioni S, Arsalan N, Hamacher A, Afshar S, Schiavi A, Beller M, Ventura N. High-Content C. elegans Screen Identifies Natural Compounds Impacting Mitochondria-Lipid Homeostasis and Promoting Healthspan. Cells 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 35011662 PMCID: PMC8750055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is concurrently shaped by genetic and extrinsic factors. In this work, we screened a small library of natural compounds, many of marine origin, to identify novel possible anti-aging interventions in Caenorhabditis elegans, a powerful model organism for aging studies. To this aim, we exploited a high-content microscopy platform to search for interventions able to induce phenotypes associated with mild mitochondrial stress, which is known to promote animal's health- and lifespan. Worms were initially exposed to three different concentrations of the drugs in liquid culture, in search of those affecting animal size and expression of mitochondrial stress response genes. This was followed by a validation step with nine compounds on solid media to refine compounds concentration, which led to the identification of four compounds (namely isobavachalcone, manzamine A, kahalalide F and lutein) consistently affecting development, fertility, size and lipid content of the nematodes. Treatment of Drosophila cells with the four hits confirmed their effects on mitochondria activity and lipid content. Out of these four, two were specifically chosen for analysis of age-related parameters, kahalalide F and lutein, which conferred increased resistance to heat and oxidative stress and extended animals' healthspan. We also found that, out of different mitochondrial stress response genes, only the C. elegans ortholog of the synaptic regulatory proteins neuroligins, nlg-1, was consistently induced by the two compounds and mediated lutein healthspan effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Nayna Arsalan
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.)
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Shiwa Afshar
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Mathias Beller
- Institute for Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.)
- Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (N.A.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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21
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Piovan A, Battaglia J, Filippini R, Dalla Costa V, Facci L, Argentini C, Pagetta A, Giusti P, Zusso M. Pre- and Early Post-treatment With Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Extract Impedes Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Neuroinflammation in Microglia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724993. [PMID: 34566649 PMCID: PMC8458903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and microglia activation lead to cellular and tissue damage contributing to neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont, or Spirulina platensis), a blue-green microalga, which belongs to the class of cyanobacteria, has been studied for its numerous health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Furthermore, in vivo studies have highlighted neuroprotective effects of Spirulina from neuroinflammatory insults in different brain areas. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the microalga are not completely understood. In this study we examined the effect of pre- and post-treatment with an acetone extract of Spirulina (E1) in an in vitro model of LPS-induced microglia activation. Methods: The effect of E1 on the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, expression of iNOS, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the activation of NF-κB was investigated in primary microglia by ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: Pre- and early post-treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of E1 down-regulated the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the over-expression of iNOS induced by LPS. E1 also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, and upregulated gene and protein levels of Nrf2, as well as gene expression of HO-1. Conclusions: These results indicate that the extract of Spirulina can be useful in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammatory processes. This evidence can support future in vivo studies to test pre- and post-treatment effects of the acetone extract from Spirulina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica Battaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Dalla Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Argentini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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22
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Gazzolo D, Picone S, Gaiero A, Bellettato M, Montrone G, Riccobene F, Lista G, Pellegrini G. Early Pediatric Benefit of Lutein for Maturing Eyes and Brain-An Overview. Nutrients 2021; 13:3239. [PMID: 34579116 PMCID: PMC8468336 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid preferentially accumulated in the eye and the brain in early life and throughout the life span. Lutein accumulation in areas of high metabolism and oxidative stress such as the eye and the brain suggest a unique role of this ingredient during the development and maturation of these organs of common embryological origin. Lutein is naturally provided to the developing baby via the cord blood, breast milk and then infant diet. The presence of this carotenoid depends on fruit and vegetable intakes and its bioavailability is higher in breastmilk. This paper aims to review the anatomical development of the eye and the brain, explore the presence and selective deposition of lutein in these organs during pregnancy and infancy and, based on its functional characteristics, present the latest available research on the beneficial role of lutein in the pediatric population. The potential effects of lutein in ameliorating conditions associated with increase oxidative stress such as in prematurity will be also addressed. Since consumption of lutein rich foods falls short of government guidelines and in most region of the world infant formulas lack this bioactive, dietary recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their child can help to bridge the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gazzolo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University G. d’Annunzio, 65100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Gaiero
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, asl2 Ospedale San Paolo Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Bellettato
- Department of Women and Child’s Health, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Montrone
- S.S.V.D “NIDO E STEN” Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | | | - Gianluca Lista
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST-FBF-Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Guido Pellegrini
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Presidio Ospedaliero “Città di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto san Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy;
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Green-Gomez M, Moran R, Stringham J, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Mendoza-Herrera K, Fromow-Guerra JJ, Prado-Cabrero A, Nolan J. Environmental and Nutritional Determinants of Macular Pigment in a Mexican Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34241622 PMCID: PMC8288050 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin deposit at the macula as macular pigment (MP) and provide visual benefits and protection against macular diseases. The present study investigated MP, its nutritional and environmental determinants, and its constituent carotenoids in serum from a Mexican sample, in healthy participants and with metabolic diseases. Additionally, we compared these variables with an Irish sample. Methods MP was measured in 215 subjects from a rural community in Mexico with dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging reported as MP optical volume (MPOV). Dietary intake and serum concentrations of L and Z were evaluated. Results The mean MPOV was 8429 (95% confidence interval, 8060-8797); range. 1171-15,976. The mean L and Z serum concentrations were 0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. The MPOV was positively correlated with L and Z serum concentrations (r = 0.347; P < 0.001 and r = 0.311; P < 0.001, respectively), but not with L + Z dietary estimates. Subjects with daily sunlight exposure of more than 50% were found to have significantly higher MPOV than those with less than 50% (P = 0.005). MPOV and serum concentrations of L and Z were significantly higher in the Mexican sample compared with the Irish sample, but this difference was not reflected in dietary analysis. Conclusions These new data from a Mexican sample provide evidence of the multifactorial interactions and environmental determinants of MP such as sunlight exposure and dietary patterns. These findings will be essential for future studies in Mexico for eye health, visual function, and ocular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - James Stringham
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Cesar Hernández-Alcaraz
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Kenny Mendoza-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - J Jans Fromow-Guerra
- Retina Division, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P., México City, México
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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24
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Luchowski R, Grudzinski W, Welc R, Mendes Pinto MM, Sek A, Ostrowski J, Nierzwicki L, Chodnicki P, Wieczor M, Sowinski K, Rejdak R, Juenemann AGM, Teresinski G, Czub J, Gruszecki WI. Light-Modulated Sunscreen Mechanism in the Retina of the Human Eye. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6090-6102. [PMID: 34038114 PMCID: PMC8279541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of the human eye in the extreme range of light intensity requires a combination of the high sensitivity of photoreceptors with their photostability. Here, we identify a regulatory mechanism based on dynamic modulation of light absorption by xanthophylls in the retina, realized by reorientation of pigment molecules induced by trans-cis photoisomerization. We explore this photochemically switchable system using chromatographic analysis coupled with microimaging based on fluorescence lifetime and Raman scattering, showing it at work in both isolated human retina and model lipid membranes. The molecular mechanism underlying xanthophyll reorientation is explained in terms of hydrophobic mismatch using molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, we show that xanthophylls in the human retina act as "molecular blinds", opening and closing on a submillisecond timescale to dynamically control the intensity of light reaching the photoreceptors, thus enabling vision at a very low light intensity and protecting the retina from photodegradation when suddenly exposed to strong light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Manuela Mendes Pinto
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Sek
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Ostrowski
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pawel Chodnicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milosz Wieczor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Teresinski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Carotenoids and Cognitive Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Intervention Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020223. [PMID: 33540909 PMCID: PMC7913239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that diet can modify the risk of future cognitive impairment and dementia. A biologically plausible rationale and initial clinical data indicate that the antioxidant activities of dietary carotenoids may assist the preservation of cognitive function. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to examine the relationship between carotenoid supplementation and cognitive performance. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from their inception to July 2020. A total of 435 studies were retrieved. Abstract screening using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria was followed by full-text screening and data extraction of study characteristics and measured outcomes. A meta-analysis of eligible trials was performed using a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect size. We identified 9 studies with a total of 4402 nondemented subjects, whose age ranged from 45 to 78 years. Results of the pooled meta-analysis found a significant effect of carotenoid intervention on cognitive outcomes (Hedge’s g = 0.14; 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.20, p < 0.0001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity among the studies (τ2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.00%, H2 = 1.00) or publication bias. Although further studies are needed, our results suggest that carotenoid interventions are associated with better cognitive performance. Thus, these dietary compounds may help to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Kim S, Shin WS. Formation of a novel coating material containing lutein and zeaxanthin via a Maillard reaction between bovine serum albumin and fucoidan. Food Chem 2020; 343:128437. [PMID: 33162255 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effective delivery of bioactive compounds has recently been receiving attention. In this study, a conjugate with BSA and fucoidan synthesized via the Maillard reaction was confirmed through electrophoresis, the o-phthalaldehyde assay, and through changes in absorbance. Two moles of fucoidan were glycated with one mole of BSA at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 4 days. The droplet coated with B-F conjugate remained stable during storage at 4 and 25 °C and slightly increased only at 55 °C however, the droplet coated with intact BSA and B/F mixture significantly increased. L/Z were degraded about 82, 79, and 36% for 4, 25, and 55 °C, respectively, regardless of the type of emulsifier. Although the conjugates could not prevent the degradation of lutein and zeaxanthin during storage, they improved the stability of the emulsion and showed 4.20-fold and 1.32-fold higher bioaccessibility than intact BSA and B/F mixtures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sun Shin
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Bykowski M, Mazur R, Buszewicz D, Szach J, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. Spatial Nano-Morphology of the Prolamellar Body in Etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana Plants With Disturbed Pigment and Polyprenol Composition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586628. [PMID: 33117813 PMCID: PMC7578251 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolamellar body (PLB) is a periodic bicontinuous membrane structure based on tubular tetrahedral units. PLBs are present in plant etioplasts and, upon illumination, directly transform into the lamellar thylakoid networks within chloroplasts. Efficient tubular-lamellar rearrangement and later formation of the photosynthetically active thylakoid membranes are crucial steps in the development of plant autotrophy. PLB membranes are mainly composed of galactolipids, carotenoids, and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), the chlorophyll precursor, bound in a complex with NADPH and Pchlide oxidoreductase. Although the PLB structure has been studied for over 50 years, the direct role of particular membrane components in the formation of the PLB paracrystalline network remains elusive. Moreover, despite the numerous literature data regarding the PLB geometry, their reliable comparative analysis is complicated due to variable experimental conditions. Therefore, we performed comprehensive ultrastructural and low-temperature fluorescence analysis of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings grown in different conditions typical for studies on etiolated seedlings. We established that the addition of sucrose to the growing media significantly affected the size and compactness of the PLB. The etiolation period was also an important factor influencing the PLB structural parameters and the ratio of free to complex-bound Pchlide. Thus, a reliable PLB structural and spectral analysis requires particular attention to the applied experimental conditions. We investigated the influence of the pigment and polyprenol components of the etioplast membranes on the formation of the PLB spatial structure. The PLB 3D structure in several Arabidopsis mutants (ccr1-1, lut5-1, szl1-1npq1-2, aba1-6, pif1, cpt7) with disturbed levels of particular pigments and polyprenols using electron tomography technique was studied. We found that the PLB nano-morphology was mainly affected in the pif1 and aba1-6 mutants. An increased level of Pchlide (pif1) resulted in the substantial shift of the structural balance between outer and inner PLB water channels and overall PLB compactness compared to wild type plants. The decrease in the relative content of β-branch xanthophylls in aba1-6 plants was manifested by local disturbances in the paracrystalline structure of the PLB network. Therefore, proper levels of particular etioplast pigments are essential for the formation of stable and regular PLB structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Buszewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Stewart JJ, Adams WW. Zeaxanthin and Lutein: Photoprotectors, Anti-Inflammatories, and Brain Food. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163607. [PMID: 32784397 PMCID: PMC7464891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compares and contrasts the role of carotenoids across the taxa of life—with a focus on the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (and its structural isomer lutein) in plants and humans. Xanthophylls’ multiple protective roles are summarized, with attention to the similarities and differences in the roles of zeaxanthin and lutein in plants versus animals, as well as the role of meso-zeaxanthin in humans. Detail is provided on the unique control of zeaxanthin function in photosynthesis, that results in its limited availability in leafy vegetables and the human diet. The question of an optimal dietary antioxidant supply is evaluated in the context of the dual roles of both oxidants and antioxidants, in all vital functions of living organisms, and the profound impact of individual and environmental context.
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29
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Viera I, Roca M. Carotenoids and Chlorophylls as Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E505. [PMID: 32526968 PMCID: PMC7346216 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are natural pigments that are present in our daily diet, especially with the increasing tendency towards more natural and healthy behaviors among consumers. As disturbed antioxidant homeostasis capacities seem to be implicated in the progress of different pathologies, the antioxidant properties of both groups of lipophilic compounds have been studied. The objective of this review was to analyze the state-of-the-art advances in this field. We conducted a systematic bibliographic search (Web of Science™ and Scopus®), followed by a comprehensive and critical description of the results, with special emphasis on highly cited and more recently published research. In addition to an evaluative description of the methodologies, this review discussed different approaches used to obtain a physiological perspective, from in vitro studies to in vivo assays using oxidative biomarkers. From a chemical viewpoint, many studies have demonstrated how a pigment's structure influences its antioxidant response and the underlying mechanisms. The major outcome is that this knowledge is essential for interpreting new data in a metabolic networks context in the search for more direct applications to health. A promising era is coming where the term "antioxidant" is understood in terms of its broadest significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.P.-G.); (I.V.)
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30
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Study of the Ability of Lutein and Neoxanthin as Standards and in the Extract of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Prevent Oxidatively Induced DNA Base Damage Using Ultrasensitive GC–MS/MS Analysis. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051333. [PMID: 32392888 PMCID: PMC7284714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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Hou Z, Yang H, Zhao Y, Xu L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liao X. Chemical characterization and comparison of two chestnut rose cultivars from different regions. Food Chem 2020; 323:126806. [PMID: 32330647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt.) is a native fruit in China, rich in bioactive compounds. Chemical properties and bioactive compounds in the largest two cultivars (Gui Nong No. 5 and Golden Cili) of chestnut rose from different regions were analyzed and compared. Meanwhile, catechin, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, ellagic acid and ellagic acid glucuronide were identified. By comparison, Guinong No. 5 showed higher SOD actitviy (5,687.67-5,797.48 U/g), ascorbic acid (1.38-1.47 g/100 g), catechin (971.67-1405.75 mg/100 g) and myricetin (851.32-876.32 mg/100 g), antioxidant capacity, while Golden Cili was characterized with higher total flavnoids (263.30-278.63 mg/100 g), β-carotene (747.31-859.21 μg/100 g) and zeaxanthin (186.03-268.78 μg/100 g), glucose (10.32-12.03 g/100 g) and arabinose (3.22-3.43 g/100 g), tartaric acid (0.20-0.52 g/100 g), quercetin (1,034.63-1,411.08 mg/100 g). The principal components analysis method can be used to separate two cultivars well and partial least squares discrimination analysis method can be used to distinguish different planting regions well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huanzhi Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Arunkumar R, Gorusupudi A, Bernstein PS. The macular carotenoids: A biochemical overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158617. [PMID: 31931175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the more than 750 carotenoids identified in nature, only lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macula lutea region of the human retina. These retinal carotenoids are collectively referred to as the macular pigment (MP) and are obtained only through dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and yellow and orange fruits and vegetables. Lutein- and zeaxanthin-specific binding proteins (StARD3 and GSTP1, respectively) mediate the highly selective uptake of MP into the retina. Meso-zeaxanthin is rarely present in the diet, and its unique presence in the human eye results from metabolic conversion from dietary lutein by the RPE65 enzyme. The MP carotenoids filter high-intensity, short-wavelength visible light and are powerful antioxidants in a region vulnerable to light-induced oxidative stress. This review focuses on MP chemistry, absorption, metabolism, transport, and distribution with special emphasis on animal models used for MP study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Jha AB, Warkentin TD. Biofortification of Pulse Crops: Status and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E73. [PMID: 31935879 PMCID: PMC7020478 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification through plant breeding is a sustainable approach to improve the nutritional profile of food crops. The majority of the world's population depends on staple food crops; however, most are low in key micronutrients. Biofortification to improve the nutritional profile of pulse crops has increased importance in many breeding programs in the past decade. The key micronutrients targeted have been iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, carotenoids, and folates. In recent years, several biofortified pulse crops including common beans and lentils have been released by HarvestPlus with global partners in developing countries, which has helped in overcoming micronutrient deficiency in the target population. This review will focus on recent research advances and future strategies for the biofortification of pulse crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D. Warkentin
- Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
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Thouri A, La Barbera L, Canuti L, Vegliante R, Jelled A, Flamini G, Ciriolo MR, Achour L. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect of common Tunisian date seed (var. Korkobbi and Arechti) phytochemical-rich methanolic extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36264-36273. [PMID: 31721029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of date seed extracts to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 and HeLa cells was investigated. Analysis of the phytochemical compound content of the two Tunisian minor date seed extracts named Arechti and Korkobbi was determined. Moreover, their antioxidant properties are assessed through different assays including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, TBARS, and phosphomolybdenum methods. Whereas, the cytotoxic effect was evaluated and apoptosis induction was confirmed by western blot technique (caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1). The results proved the richness in phytochemical compounds of these by-products which explains the high in vitro antioxidant activity and the antiproliferative effects of both seed extracts. Additionally, the decrease in total PARP-1, procaspase-3 levels, and the increase of cleaved caspase-9 revealed the apoptotic effect of date seed extracts. These results collectively illustrate the potential of date seed extracts to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 and HeLa cells thanks to its phytochemical richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Thouri
- Research Laboratory, "Bioresources: Biology Integrative and Valorization", Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Livia La Barbera
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Canuti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Vegliante
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Aicha Jelled
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic and Childhood Disease UR12ES10, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Research Laboratory, "Bioresources: Biology Integrative and Valorization", Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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Asymmetric Spontaneous Intercalation of Lutein into a Phospholipid Bilayer, a Computational Study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:516-526. [PMID: 31011410 PMCID: PMC6465758 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein, a hydroxylated carotenoid, is a pigment synthesised by plants and bacteria. Animals are unable to synthesise lutein, nevertheless, it is present in animal tissues, where its only source is dietary intake. Both in plants and animals, carotenoids are associated mainly with membranes where they carry out important physiological functions. Their trafficking to and insertion into membranes are not well recognised due to experimental difficulties. In this paper, a computational approach is used to elucidate details of the dynamics and energetics of lutein intercalation from the water to the phospholipid bilayer phase. The dynamics is studied using molecular dynamics simulation, and the energetics using umbrella sampling. Lutein spontaneous insertion into the bilayer and translocation across it proceed via formation of hydrogen bonds between its hydroxyl groups and water and/or phospholipid oxygen atoms as well as desolvation of its polyene chain. As lutein molecule is asymmetric, its bilayer intercalation is also asymmetric. The course of events and timescale of the intercalation are different from those of helical peptides. The time of full lutein intercalation ranges from 20 to 100 ns and its final orientation is predominately vertical. Nevertheless, some lutein molecules are in the final horizontal position and some aggregate in the water phase and remain there for the whole simulation time. The highest energy barrier for the intercalation process is ~2.2 kcal/mol and the energy gain is ~18 kcal/mol. The results obtained for lutein can be applied to other xanthophylls and molecules of a similar structure. Lutein as an amphiphilic molecule readily intercalates into a lipid bilayer. MD simulations with dense sampling revealed details of the intercalation process. Time of full lutein membrane intercalation ranges from 20 to 100 ns. Lutein intercalation from the ε ring end is less probable than from the β ring end. Horizontal position of lutein in the bilayer is less probable than vertical.
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Key Words
- Energy barrier
- Hydrogen bond
- Hydrophobic effect
- MD, Molecular dynamics
- Molecular dynamics
- OH-LUT, Lutein hydroxyl group
- Op, Oe, Og, Oc collective names for the non-esterified phosphate, esterified phosphate, glycerol, and carbonyl oxygen atoms, respectively
- Ow, Water oxygen atom
- PC, Phosphatidylcholine
- Palmitoyl-oleoyl PC, POPC
- US, Umbrella sampling
- Umbrella sampling
- Xanthophyll
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Edwards CG, Walk AM, Cannavale CN, Thompson SV, Reeser GE, Holscher HD, Khan NA. Macular Xanthophylls and Event‐Related Brain Potentials among Overweight Adults and Those with Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801059. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn G. Edwards
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Anne M. Walk
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Sharon V. Thompson
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ginger E. Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hannah D. Holscher
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Effect of Freeze-Thaw Pretreatment on Extraction Yield and Antioxidant Bioactivity of Corn Carotenoids (Lutein and Zeaxanthin). J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/9843503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a green and low-energy pretreatment method, the effect of freeze-thaw (FT) pretreatment on extraction yield and antioxidant bioactivity of carotenoids of the corn gluten meal (CGM) were evaluated in this study. The CGM particles ruptured in FT treatment due to the repeated damage caused by FT to CGM particles. The carotenoid compounds of pretreated CGM were lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Among them, the major carotenoids are lutein and zeaxanthin. The optimized FT pretreatment conditions included freezing temperature of −20°C, moisture content of 100%, and 2 cycles. An increase in the yield of lutein and zeaxanthin was observed in the range of 2.23–16.39 µg/g and 4.66–36.3 µg/g as a result of pretreatment as against 1.17 and 2.52 µg/g of the untreated sample, respectively. Moreover, the release of lutein and zeaxanthin from CGM was facilitated by FT pretreatment and increased the antioxidant activity of the carotenoids.
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Choe U, Yu LL, Wang TTY. The Science behind Microgreens as an Exciting New Food for the 21st Century. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11519-11530. [PMID: 30343573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a major health problem in the United States. Accumulated data suggest that consumption of vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Dietary guidelines for 2015-2020 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommend 1-4 cups of vegetables per day for males and 1-3 cups of vegetables per day for females, depending on their age. However, the average intake of vegetables is below the recommended levels. Microgreens are young vegetable greens. Although they are small, microgreens have delicate textures, distinctive flavors, and various nutrients. In general, microgreens contain greater amounts of nutrients and health-promoting micronutrients than their mature counterparts. Because microgreens are rich in nutrients, smaller amounts may provide similar nutritional effects compared to larger quantities of mature vegetables. However, literature on microgreens remains limited. In this Review, we discuss chemical compositions, growing conditions, and biological efficacies of microgreens. We seek to stimulate interest in further study of microgreens as a promising dietary component for potential use in diet-based disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 10300 Baltimore Avenue , Beltsville , Maryland 20705 , United States
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40
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Christensen K, Gleason CE, Mares JA. Dietary carotenoids and cognitive function among US adults, NHANES 2011-2014. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:554-562. [PMID: 30326796 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1533199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Dietary carotenoids may limit neuronal damage from free radicals, potentially serving as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. We examined intake of lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) in relation to cognitive performance among 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged ≥60 years. Methods: L and Z intake from foods and supplements was estimated from two non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Outcomes included the CERAD Word Learning sub-test score, Animal Fluency test score, and Digit Symbol Substitution test score. Regression models were adjusted for survey design variables, year, sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, family income, education, alcohol, and smoking. Results: Among the 2796 participants, higher dietary intake of L and Z was associated with higher score on each test. For example, the highest quartile of L and Z intake was associated with a 2.52 point increase (SE=0.86 points, P=0.01) on the digit symbol score test, compared with the lowest quartile. There were differences by race/ethnicity, with positive associations generally stronger for Black compared to white participants. Discussion: Further research from longitudinal studies is needed, but increasing L and Z intake may help to prevent or slow cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Christensen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 610 N. Walnut Street, 1069 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 610 N. Walnut Street, 1069 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Photosynthetic Accumulation of Lutein in Auxenochlorella protothecoides after Heterotrophic Growth. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080283. [PMID: 30115823 PMCID: PMC6117718 DOI: 10.3390/md16080283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to enhance lutein accumulation and to explain the reasons for the difference in lutein accumulation under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, different culture modes and the associated transcriptome profiles were investigated in Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The heterotrophic-photoautotrophic transition culture mode was investigated for lutein accumulation, changing from organic carbon to increase biomass in dark fermentation to irradiation under nitrogen rich conditions. This strategy increased the lutein content 10 times along with chloroplast regeneration and little biomass loss in 48 h. The highest lutein productivity and production in the heterotrophic-photoautotrophic transition culture reached 12.36 mg/L/day and 34.13 mg/L respectively within seven days. Furthermore, compared to the photoautotrophic conditions, most genes involved in lutein biosynthesis and photosystem generation were down-regulated during heterotrophic growth. By contrast, two β-ring hydroxylases were transiently upregulated, while violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase were mostly downregulated, which explained the extremely low lutein content of heterotrophic cells. Nevertheless, the lutein proportion in total carotenoids reached nearly 100%. This study is the first to our knowledge to report on a comparative transcriptome analysis of lutein biosynthesis, and it provides a promising strategy to boost lutein production in A. protothecoides.
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42
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Zhao T, Liu F, Duan X, Xiao C, Liu X. Physicochemical Properties of Lutein-Loaded Microcapsules and Their Uptake via Caco-2 Monolayers. Molecules 2018; 23:E1805. [PMID: 30037053 PMCID: PMC6099687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is one of the most important carotenoids that can be utilized in foods as a natural pigment and nutraceutical ingredient to improve eye health. However, its utilization is limited due to its poor solubility. Chemically, the highly unsaturated structure of lutein makes it extremely susceptible to light, oxygen, heat, and pro-oxidants and therefore easily oxidized, decomposed or dissociated. In this study, we aimed to imbed natural lutein to improve its storage stability and enhance its water dispersibility. As two commonly studied water-soluble and water-insoluble food-grade surfactants, lecithin and sodium caseinate (NaCas) were chosen as the wall materials, and lutein-loaded lecithin microcapsules and NaCas microcapsules were prepared, the results revealed the lutein-loaded NaCas microcapsules not only exhibited better solubility and stability than those of lutein-loaded lecithin microcapsules, but also were more stable when stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C. Moreover, the lutein-loaded NaCas microcapsules were more easily absorbed by the intestinal Caco-2 cells than natural lutein. Considering the dispersibility, stability and cell absorption effect, the NaCas-based microparticle is a potential carrier for lutein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fuguo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiang Duan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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43
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Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, Erdman JW, Johnson EJ. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:465-492. [PMID: 30032230 PMCID: PMC6054194 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Widomska J, Subczynski WK. Mechanisms enhancing the protective functions of macular xanthophylls in the retina during oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 2018; 178:238-246. [PMID: 29908882 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) are distinguished from other dietary carotenoids by their high membrane solubility and preferential transmembrane orientation. Additionally, these properties enhance the chemical and physical stability of MXs in the eye retina, and maximize their protective activities. The effectiveness of MXs' protection is also enhanced by their selective accumulation in the most vulnerable domains of retinal membranes. The retina is protected by MXs mainly through blue-light filtration, quenching of the excited triplet states of potent photosensitizers, and physical quenching of singlet oxygen. To perform these physical, photo-related actions, the structure of MXs should remain intact. However, the conjugated double-bond structure of MXs makes them highly chemically reactive and susceptible to oxidation. Chemical quenching of singlet oxygen and scavenging of free radicals destroy their intact structure and consume MXs. Consequently, their physical actions, which are critical to the protection of retina, are diminished. Thus, it is timely and important to identify mechanisms whereby the chemical destruction (bleaching) of MXs in retinal membranes can be reduced. It was shown that nitroxide free radicals (spin labels) located in membranes protect MXs against destruction, and their effect is especially pronounced during the light-induced formation of singlet oxygen. That should extend and enhance their positive action in the retina through physical processes. In this review, we will discuss possible applications of this new strategy during ophthalmological procedures, which can cause acute bleaching of MXs and damage the retina through oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Witold K Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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45
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What do we know about the macular pigment in AMD: the past, the present, and the future. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:992-1004. [PMID: 29576617 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with a common C40H56 core chemical structure that are naturally synthesized by many plants, algae, bacteria, and fungi. Humans and animals cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo and must obtain them solely through dietary sources. Among the more than 750 carotenoids in nature, only lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites selectively accumulate in the foveal region of the retina where they are collectively referred to as the macular pigment (MP) of the macula lutea. MP serves an ocular protective role through its ability to filter phototoxic blue light radiation and also via its antioxidant activity. These properties have led to the hypothesis that carotenoids may protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the aged population >60 years old. Epidemiological studies have supported this by showing that patients with lower concentrations of serum carotenoids and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements are at a higher risk of developing AMD. Conversely, nutritional supplementation and diets rich in lutein and zeaxanthin readily impact MP concentrations and reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD, and the AREDS2 supplement formulation containing 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin is the standard-of-care recommendation for individuals at risk for visual loss from advanced AMD. This article reviews the rich history of research on the MP dating back to the 1700s and outlines their potential for further therapeutic improvements for AMD in the future.
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46
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Sathasivam R, Ki JS. A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E26. [PMID: 29329235 PMCID: PMC5793074 DOI: 10.3390/md16010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that play pivotal roles in many physiological functions. The characteristics of carotenoids, their effects on health, and the cosmetic benefits of their usage have been under investigation for a long time; however, most reviews on this subject focus on carotenoids obtained from several microalgae, vegetables, fruits, and higher plants. Recently, microalgae have received much attention due to their abilities in producing novel bioactive metabolites, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can provide for health and cosmetic benefits. The main objectives of this review are to provide an updated view of recent work on the health and cosmetic benefits associated with carotenoid use, as well as to provide a list of microalgae that produce different types of carotenoids. This review could provide new insights to researchers on the potential role of carotenoids in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
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47
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Jiao Y, Zheng X, Chang Y, Li D, Sun X, Liu X. Zein-derived peptides as nanocarriers to increase the water solubility and stability of lutein. Food Funct 2018; 9:117-123. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zein and its derived peptides have been used as nanocarriers for bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
| | - Xiqun Zheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
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48
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Jiao Y, Li D, Liu C, Chang Y, Song J, Xiao Y. Polypeptide – decorated nanoliposomes as novel delivery systems for lutein. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31372-31381. [PMID: 35548209 PMCID: PMC9085862 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (LUT) is a bioactive food compound found in various vegetables and plays a critical role in the promotion of health and well-being. However, lutein is an unstable molecule which has a very low bioavailability caused by its poor solubility in aqueous media, and is poorly absorbed when administered orally. To enhance the stability, release and bioactivity of lutein, poly-l-lysine (PLL) decorated nanoliposomes (PLL–LUT-NLP) were developed as novel delivery systems for lutein. The mean particle size of PLL–LUT-NLP was found to be in the range 264–367 nm with a low polydispersity index (PDI < 0.4). The zeta potential changed from −38.6 mV in undecorated nanoliposomes to −27.9 mV in PLL-decorated nanoliposomes. Furthermore, the lutein entrapment efficiency (EE%) of PLL–LUT-NLP was found to be highest in nanoliposomes decorated with 0.06% (w/v) PLL. PLL could protect lutein in nanoliposomes from degradation and promote the lutein release from the nanoliposomes in gastrointestinal fluid conditions. Additionally, the PLL-decorated nanoliposomes maintained the antioxidant activity of the lutein, and the antiproliferative activity was more significant than that of undecorated nanoliposomes in inhibiting the proliferation of human tumor cells. These results suggest that PLL-decorated nanoliposomes have potential to be used for efficient delivery of lutein and further improve its bioavailability. Polypeptide decorated nanoliposomes were prepared as novel delivery systems to enhance the stability, release and bioactivity of lutein.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing 210014
- China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing 210014
- China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing 210014
- China
| | - Ying Chang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Jiangfeng Song
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing 210014
- China
| | - Yadong Xiao
- Institute of Farm Products Processing
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Nanjing 210014
- China
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49
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Grudzinski W, Nierzwicki L, Welc R, Reszczynska E, Luchowski R, Czub J, Gruszecki WI. Localization and Orientation of Xanthophylls in a Lipid Bilayer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9619. [PMID: 28852075 PMCID: PMC5575131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophylls (polar carotenoids) play diverse biological roles, among which are modulation of the physical properties of lipid membranes and protection of biomembranes against oxidative damage. Molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are intimately related to the localization and orientation of xanthophyll molecules in lipid membranes. In the present work, we address the problem of localization and orientation of two xanthophylls present in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and in the retina of the human eye, zeaxanthin and lutein, in a single lipid bilayer membrane formed with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. By using fluorescence microscopic analysis and Raman imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles, as well as molecular dynamics simulations, we show that lutein and zeaxanthin adopt a very similar transmembrane orientation within a lipid membrane. In experimental and computational approach, the average tilt angle of xanthophylls relative to the membrane normal is independently found to be ~40 deg, and results from hydrophobic mismatch between the membrane thickness and the distance between the terminal hydroxyl groups of the xanthophylls. Consequences of such a localization and orientation for biological activity of xanthophylls are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Reszczynska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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Health Effects of Carotenoids during Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080838. [PMID: 28777356 PMCID: PMC5579631 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is particularly important during pregnancy since it is needed not only for maintaining the health of the mother, but also determines the course of pregnancy and its outcome, fetus development as well as the child’s health after birth and during the later period of life. Data coming from epidemiological and interventions studies support the observation that carotenoids intake provide positive health effects in adults and the elderly population. These health effects are the result of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have also demonstrated the significant role of carotenoids during pregnancy and infancy. Some studies indicate a correlation between carotenoid status and lower risk of pregnancy pathologies induced by intensified oxidative stress, but results of these investigations are equivocal. Carotenoids have been well studied in relation to their beneficial role in the prevention of preeclampsia. It is currently hypothesized that carotenoids can play an important role in the prevention of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Carotenoid status in the newborn depends on the nutritional status of the mother, but little is known about the transfer of carotenoids from the mother to the fetus. Carotenoids are among the few nutrients found in breast milk, in which the levels are determined by the mother’s diet. Nutritional status of the newborn directly depends on its diet. Both mix feeding and artificial feeding may cause depletion of carotenoids since infant formulas contain only trace amounts of these compounds. Carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin play a significant role in the development of vision and nervous system (among others, they are important for the development of retina as well as energy metabolism and brain electrical activity). Furthermore, more scientific evidence is emerging on the role of carotenoids in the prevention of disorders affecting preterm infants, who are susceptible to oxidative stress, particularly retinopathy of prematurity.
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