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Kaneda N. [Studies on the Isolation and Molecular Mechanisms of Bioactive Phytochemicals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:977-991. [PMID: 36047225 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the isolation and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals with anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory properties are important to developing new drugs for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In the course of a study to screen bioactive isoflavones from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae), we isolated an isoflavone with potent apoptosis-inducing activity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. It was designated erypoegin K. The studies demonstrated an enantiomer, (S)-erypoegin K, displayed selective cytotoxic activity, was a novel inhibitor of topoisomerase II, and possessed anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. We identified other apoptosis-inducing isoflavones with the ability to inhibit glyoxalase I. Dimeric acridone alkaloids, carbazole alkaloids, and coumarin and quinoline derivatives-all obtained mainly from plants in the family Rutaceae-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. We also identified terpenoid coumarins, carbazole quinones, rotenoid derivatives, and quinolone alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities. These compounds reduced nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ. Some of the compounds displayed neuroprotective activity by reducing NO production. This review primarily describes our recent studies on erypoegin K, and other compounds with apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Chen X, Liu Y, Kong L, Wen Z, Wang W, Wang C. Quantitative Chemoproteomic Profiling of Protein Cross-Links Induced by Methylglyoxal. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2010-2017. [PMID: 35797239 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis. Elevated MGO has been considered as a risk factor for several diseases including diabetes and neurodegeneration. While MGO modifications on proteins were globally profiled, the cross-links between proteins induced by MGO in proteomes are unexplored to date. Here, we reported a quantitative chemoproteomic platform based on mass shifts that enables identification of events of protein cross-links induced by MGO in proteomes. A total of 66 cross-linked targets were identified from the profiling experiments when cells were treated with MGO, among which the components of functional complexes such as spliceosomes and ribosomes were enriched. We found that inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) was homocross-linked by MGO and the active-site Cys331 was critical for mediating the cross-link, which in turn affected IMPDH2's activity. Our study has provided new clues for the functional impact in proteomes by MGO, and the methodology can be, in principle, applied to profile protein cross-links induced by other reactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghao Kong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyang Wen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weize Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Metabolic Shades of S-D-Lactoylglutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051005. [PMID: 35624868 PMCID: PMC9138017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
S-D-lactoylglutathione (SDL) is an intermediate of the glutathione-dependent metabolism of methylglyoxal (MGO) by glyoxalases. MGO is an electrophilic compound that is inevitably produced in conjunction with glucose breakdown and is essentially metabolized via the glyoxalase route. In the last decades, MGO metabolism and its cytotoxic effects have been under active investigation, while almost nothing is known about SDL. This article seeks to fill the gap by presenting an overview of the chemistry, biochemistry, physiological role and clinical importance of SDL. The effects of intracellular SDL are investigated in three main directions: as a substrate for post-translational protein modifications, as a reservoir for mitochondrial reduced glutathione and as an energy currency. In essence, all three approaches point to one direction, namely, a metabolism-related regulatory role, enhancing the cellular defense against insults. It is also suggested that an increased plasma concentration of SDL or its metabolites may possibly serve as marker molecules in hemolytic states, particularly when the cause of hemolysis is a disturbance of the pay-off phase of the glycolytic chain. Finally, SDL could also represent a useful marker in such metabolic disorders as diabetes mellitus or ketotic states, in which its formation is expected to be enhanced. Despite the lack of clear-cut evidence underlying the clinical and experimental findings, the investigation of SDL metabolism is a promising field of research.
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Xie Q, Zhan Y, Guo L, Hao H, Shi X, Yang J, Luo F, Qiu B, Lin Z. A Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of ex vivo Methylglyoxal in Diabetic Mice. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200055. [PMID: 35543213 PMCID: PMC9092288 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of methylglyoxal (MGO) at cell and living level was crucial to reveal its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes since MGO was closely related to diabetes. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence strategy was constructed based on the capture probe 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) for the specific detection of MGO. Compared to the fluorescent probes with a single emission wavelength, the ratiometric mode by monitoring two emissions can effectively avoid the interference from the biological background, and provided additional self-calibration ability, which can realize accurate detection of MGO. The proposed method showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0-75 μm for MGO detection, and the limit of detection was 0.33 μm. DAN responded to MGO with good specificity and was successfully applied for detecting the ex vivo MGO level in plasma of KK-Ay mice as a type II diabetes model. Besides, the prepared DAN test strip can be visualized for rapid semi-quantitative analysis of MGO using the naked eye. Furthermore, human skin fibroblasts and HeLa cells were utilized for exogenous MGO imaging, and ex vivo MGO imaging was performed on tissues of KK-Ay mice. All results indicated that the DAN-based ratiometric fluorescence probe can be used as a potential method to detect the level of MGO, thus enabling indications for the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Xie
- Department of Cadre's WardThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian, 350005P. R. China
| | - Yuanjin Zhan
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing; MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and EngineeringJiaxing UniversityJiaxingZhejiang 314001P. R. China
| | - Huili Hao
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian 350116P. R. China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian 350116P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian 350116P. R. China
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian 350116P. R. China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing; MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing; MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and BiologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
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Addition of hydrophobic side chains improve the apoptosis inducibility of the human glyoxalase I inhibitor, TLSC702. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127918. [PMID: 33711442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLO I) is a known therapeutic target in cancer. Even though TLSC702, a GLO I inhibitor that we discovered, induces apoptosis in tumor cells, exceptionally higher doses are required compared with those needed to inhibit GLO I activity in vitro. In this work, structure-activity optimization studies were conducted on four sections of the TLSC702 molecule to determine the partial structural features necessary for the inhibition of GLO I. Herein, we found that the carboxy group in TLSC702 was critical for binding with the divalent zinc at the active site of GLO I. In contrast, the side chain substituents in the meta- and para- positions of the benzene ring had little influence on the in vitro inhibition of GLO I. The CLogP values of the TLSC702 derivatives showed a positive correlation with the antiproliferative effects on NCI-H522 cells. Thus, two derivatives of TLSC702, which displayed either high or low lipophilicity due to the types of substituents at the phenyl position, were selected. Even though both derivatives showed comparable inhibitory effects as that of their parent compound, the derivative with the high CLogP value was distinctly more antiproliferative than TLSC702. In contrast, the derivative with the low CLogP value did not decrease cell viability in NCI-H522 and HL-60 cells. These findings suggested that structural improvements, such as the addition of hydrophobic moieties to the phenyl group, enhanced the ability of TLSC702 to induce apoptosis by increasing cell membrane permeability.
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Hikita K, Saigusa S, Takeuchi Y, Matsuyama H, Nagai R, Kato K, Murata T, Tanaka H, Wagh YS, Asao N, Kaneda N. Induction of enantio-selective apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells by (S)-erypoegin K, an isoflavone isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Dang Y, Wang F, Li L, Lai Y, Xu Z, Xiong Z, Zhang A, Tian Y, Ding C, Zhang W. An activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe for methylglyoxal imaging in Alzheimer's disease mice. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:707-710. [PMID: 31850402 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visual detection of the methylglyoxal (MGO) level in the brain is critical for understanding its role in the onset and progression of AD. Herein, we disclosed a NIR fluorescent probe, DBTPP, for detecting MGO by utilizing a thiadiazole-fused o-phenylenediamine moiety as a MGO-specific sensing unit. DBTPP exhibits a series of distinct advantages, such as NIR emission, high selectivity and sensitivity, excellent acid-stability, and a huge off-on ratio. The probe could accurately monitor both exogenous and endogenous MGO variations in SH-SY5Y cells. Besides, it was able to image the endogenous MGO in a transgenic AD mouse model successfully, suggesting the great potential of MGO as a biomarker for early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Colombo R, Paolillo M, Papetti A. A new millifluidic-based gastrointestinal platform to evaluate the effect of simulated dietary methylglyoxal intakes. Food Funct 2020; 10:4330-4338. [PMID: 31273366 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The search for new in vitro modular bioreactors to simulate flow-mediated transport and absorption of chemical substances is a very important issue in toxicology and in drug and bioactive delivery research. The possibility of setting up a dynamic microenvironment leads to experimental conditions that may more closely resemble the in vivo model, especially to measure acute or chronic intake of compounds. We propose a novel millifluidic-based gastrointestinal model as an evolution of the common in vitro methods, to evaluate the exposure to exogenous methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde responsible for the formation of advanced glycation end products involved in a number of chronic diseases. Gastric and intestinal cells were seeded into two different chambers, creating a multi-compartmental system where fluids dynamically interact with human gastric stromal and intestinal cells. MGO was tested at concentrations simulating different MGO food intakes (meal, daily, and hypothetically weekly). Cell viability was measured over time, and simultaneously, extracellular MGO was quantified by a validated RP-HPLC-DAD method to evaluate its absorption/metabolization. This new platform gives the opportunity to connect different compartments, allowing studying kinetic and metabolic profiles of different substances and representing a very promising alternative to animal models, at least in preliminary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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9
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Wang H, Xu Y, Rao L, Yang C, Yuan H, Gao T, Chen X, Sun H, Xian M, Liu C, Liu C. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Endogenous Methylglyoxal in Living Cells and Diabetic Blood Samples. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5646-5653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Li Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Chuntao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Tingjuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei, China
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Rahimi P, Abedimanesh S, Mesbah-Namin SA, Ostadrahimi A. Betalains, the nature-inspired pigments, in health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2949-2978. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1479830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abedimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Nutritional Science Department, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Gandhi NN, Barrett-Wilt G, Steele JL, Rankin SA. Lactobacillus casei expressing methylglyoxal synthase causes browning and heterocyclic amine formation in Parmesan cheese extract. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:100-112. [PMID: 30415846 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Undesired browning of Parmesan cheese can occur during the latter period of ripening and cold storage despite the relative absence of reducing sugars and high temperatures typically associated with Maillard browning. Highly reactive α-dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal (MG) are products and accelerants of Maillard browning chemistry and can result from the microbial metabolism of sugars and AA by lactic acid bacteria. We demonstrate the effects of microbially produced MG in a model Parmesan cheese extract using a strain of Lactobacillus casei 12A engineered for inducible overexpression of MG synthase (mgsA) from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum HG-8. Maximum induction of plasmid-born mgsA led to 1.6 mM MG formation in Parmesan cheese extract and its distinct discoloration. The accumulation of heterocyclic amines including β-carboline derivatives arising from mgsA expression were determined by mass spectrometry. Potential MG-contributing reaction mechanisms for the formation of heterocyclic amines are proposed. These findings implicate nonstarter lactic acid bacteria may cause browning and influence nutritional aspects of Parmesan by enzymatic conversion of triosephosphates to MG. Moreover, these findings indicate that the microbial production of MG can lead to the formation of late-stage Maillard reaction products such as melanoidin and β-carbolines, effectively circumventing the thermal requirement of the early- and intermediate- stage Maillard reaction. Therefore, the identification and control of offending microbiota may prevent late-stage browning of Parmesan. The gene mgsA may serve as a genetic biomarker for cheeses with a propensity to undergo MG-mediated browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Gandhi
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706
| | - G Barrett-Wilt
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J L Steele
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706
| | - S A Rankin
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706.
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Gandhi NN, Cobra PF, Steele JL, Markley JL, Rankin SA. Lactobacillus demonstrate thiol-independent metabolism of methylglyoxal: Implications toward browning prevention in Parmesan cheese. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:968-978. [PMID: 29274980 PMCID: PMC6204231 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous production of α-dicarbonyls by lactic acid bacteria can influence the quality and consistency of fermented foods and beverages. Methylglyoxal (MG) in Parmesan cheese can contribute toward undesired browning during low temperature ripening and storage conditions, leading to the economic depreciation of affected cheeses. We demonstrate the effects of exogenously added MG on browning and volatile formation using a Parmesan cheese extract (PCE). To determine the influence of Lactobacillus on α-dicarbonyls, strains were screened for their ability to modulate concentrations of MG, glyoxal, and diacetyl in PCE. It was found that a major metabolic pathway of MG in Lactobacillus is a thiol-independent reduction, whereby MG is partially or fully reduced to acetol and 1,2-propanediol, respectively. The majority of lactobacilli grown in PCE accumulated the intermediate acetol, whereas Lactobacillus brevis 367 formed exclusively 1,2-propanediol and Lactobacillus fermentum 14931 formed both metabolites. In addition, we determined the inherent tolerance to bacteriostatic concentrations of MG among lactobacilli grown in rich media. It was found that L. brevis 367 reduces MG exclusively to 1,2-propanediol, which correlates to both its ability to significantly decrease MG concentrations in PCE, as well as its significantly higher tolerance to MG, in comparison to other lactobacilli screened. These findings have broader implications toward lactobacilli as a viable solution for reducing MG-mediated browning of Parmesan cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Gandhi
- Department of Food Science, and National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - P F Cobra
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J L Steele
- Department of Food Science, and National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - S A Rankin
- Department of Food Science, and National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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13
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Hikita K, Hattori N, Takeda A, Yamakage Y, Shibata R, Yamada S, Kato K, Murata T, Tanaka H, Kaneda N. Potent apoptosis-inducing activity of erypoegin K, an isoflavone isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana, against human leukemia HL-60 cells. J Nat Med 2017; 72:260-266. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Impact of Atherosclerosis- and Diabetes-Related Dicarbonyls on Vascular Endothelial Permeability: A Comparative Assessment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1625130. [PMID: 29098058 PMCID: PMC5643129 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1625130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Malondialdehyde (MDA), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) levels increase in atherosclerosis and diabetes patients. Recent reports demonstrate that GO and MGO cause vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction whereas no evidence is available for MDA. Methods To compare the effects of MDA, GO, or MGO on endothelial permeability, we used human EA.hy926 endothelial cells as a standard model. To study cortical cytoplasm motility and cytoskeletal organization in endothelial cells, we utilized time-lapse microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. To compare dicarbonyl-modified protein band profiles in these cells, we applied Western blotting with antibodies against MDA- or MGO-labelled proteins. Results MDA (150–250 μM) irreversibly suppressed the endothelial cell barrier, reduced lamellipodial activity, and prevented intercellular contact formation. The motile deficiency of MDA-challenged cells was accompanied by alterations in microtubule and microfilament organization. These detrimental effects were not observed after GO or MGO (250 μM) administration regardless of confirmed modification of cellular proteins by MGO. Conclusions Our comparative study demonstrates that MDA is more damaging to the endothelial barrier than GO or MGO. Considering that MDA endogenous levels exceed those of GO or MGO and tend to increase further during lipoperoxidation, it appears important to reduce oxidative stress and, in particular, MDA levels in order to prevent sustained vascular hyperpermeability in atherosclerosis and diabetes patients.
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Zhang W, Zhang F, Wang YL, Song B, Zhang R, Yuan J. Red-Emitting Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes as Phosphorescent Probes for Methylglyoxal in Vitro and in Vivo. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Feiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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16
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Ma CT, Chyau CC, Hsu CC, Kuo SM, Chuang CW, Lin HH, Chen JH. Pepino polyphenolic extract improved oxidative, inflammatory and glycative stress in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:1111-21. [PMID: 26791916 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pepino polyphenolic extract (PPE) on diabetic neuropathy was examined. Using HPLC/ESI-MS-MS analysis, PPE was demonstrated to contain coumaroyl and caffeoyl derivatives among polyphenols. PPE at 0.5 or 1% was supplied to diabetic mice for 12 weeks. The PPE intake at two doses significantly improved glycaemic control. These treatments reserved the glutathione (GSH) level, and decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, fructose, and glycation intermediates and precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), such as methylglyoxal (MG) and N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice. In a histological study of sciatic nerves, PPE had the effects in improving the nerves of diabetic mice, showing disorganization of the fascicle with numerous small myelinated fibers. The PPE intake at two doses retained the activity, and the protein and mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and decreased protein expressions of aldose reductase (AR) and the receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in sciatic nerves. These findings support that pepino polyphenolic extract could attenuate oxidative, inflammatory and glycative stress in diabetic peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tsu Ma
- Department of Electric Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan and Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chuang
- Department of Electric Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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17
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Gonçalves Silva I, Rüegg L, Gibbs BF, Bardelli M, Fruehwirth A, Varani L, Berger SM, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. The immune receptor Tim-3 acts as a trafficker in a Tim-3/galectin-9 autocrine loop in human myeloid leukemia cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1195535. [PMID: 27622049 PMCID: PMC5006895 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1195535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune receptor Tim-3 is often highly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells where it acts as a growth factor and inflammatory receptor. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Tim-3 forms an autocrine loop with its natural ligand galectin-9 in human AML cells. However, the pathophysiological functions of Tim-3 in human AML cells remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time that Tim-3 is required for galectin-9 secretion in human AML cells. However, this effect is cell-type specific and was found so far to be applicable only to myeloid (and not, for example, lymphoid) leukemia cells. We concluded that AML cells might use Tim-3 as a trafficker for the secretion of galectin-9 which can then be possibly used to impair the anticancer activities of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rüegg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fruehwirth
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI) , Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Canterbury, United Kingdom
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18
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Pi inhibits intracellular accumulation of methylglyoxal in promastigote form of L. donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 207:89-95. [PMID: 27297182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to their mammalian counterpart, protozoan parasites including Leishmania donovani detoxify methylglyoxal (MG),(1) a toxic ubiquitous product generated in glycolysis pathway. However, it differs in one or more way(s) from the humans. It is known that MG is eliminated either through glyoxalase (GLO)(2) pathway and/or excreted across the cell membrane. This toxic metabolic by-product is known to be detoxified predominantly by the GLO pathway and excretion across the cell membrane is never considered to be a significant pathway for its detoxification. We have tried to modulate these pathways under various physiological conditions to find ways that may lead to accumulation of MG in L. donovani. Besides targeting the GLO pathway, we intend to understand the mechanism of MG release across the cell membrane and possible ways to inhibit its exclusion from parasites. In our study, it was found that inorganic phosphate (Pi)(3) in the presence of glucose inhibits the production of MG as well as promotes the expulsion of MG from the cell. Moreover, the trivalent form of antimony (Sb(III)) inhibits GLO pathway and thus detoxification of MG. Inhibition of Pi transport, which is a Na(+)/H(+) dependent process, restores the Pi mediated abrogation of MG production. Thus, Sb(III) along with inhibitors of Pi transporter may be a therapeutic advancement for treatment of antimony resistant cases of human visceral leishmaniasis. However, it requires further validation using specific inhibitor(s) of Pi transporter.
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19
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Dafre AL, Goldberg J, Wang T, Spiegel DA, Maher P. Methylglyoxal, the foe and friend of glyoxalase and Trx/TrxR systems in HT22 nerve cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:8-19. [PMID: 26165190 PMCID: PMC5624793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major glycating agent that reacts with basic residues of proteins and promotes the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are believed to play key roles in a number of pathologies, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation. Here, we examined the effects of MGO on immortalized mouse hippocampal HT22 nerve cells. The endpoints analyzed were MGO and thiol status, the glyoxalase system, comprising glyoxalase 1 and 2 (GLO1/2), and the cytosolic and mitochondrial Trx/TrxR systems, as well as nuclear Nrf2 and its target genes. We found that nuclear Nrf2 is induced by MGO treatment in HT22 cells, as corroborated by induction of the Nrf2-controlled target genes and proteins glutamate cysteine ligase and heme oxygenase 1. Nrf2 knockdown prevented MGO-dependent induction of glutamate cysteine ligase and heme oxygenase 1. The cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc(-), which is also controlled by Nrf2, was also induced. The increased cystine import (system xc(-)) activity and GCL expression promoted GSH synthesis, leading to increased levels of GSH. The data indicate that MGO can act as both a foe and a friend of the glyoxalase and the Trx/TrxR systems. At low concentrations of MGO (0.3mM), GLO2 is strongly induced, but at high MGO (0.75 mM) concentrations, GLO1 is inhibited and GLO2 is downregulated. The cytosolic Trx/TrxR system is impaired by MGO, where Trx is downregulated yet TrxR is induced, but strong MGO-dependent glycation may explain the loss in TrxR activity. We propose that Nrf2 can be the unifying element to explain the observed upregulation of GSH, GCL, HO1, TrxR1, Trx2, TrxR2, and system xc(-) system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Dafre
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - J Goldberg
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - T Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - D A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - P Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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20
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Hikita K, Yamada S, Shibata R, Katoh M, Murata T, Kato K, Tanaka H, Kaneda N. Inhibitory Effect of Isoflavones from Erythrina poeppigiana on the Growth of HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells through Inhibition of Glyoxalase I. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that many malignant human tissues, including breast, colon, and lung cancers, may show an elevated expression of glyoxalase I (GLO I). GLO I catalyzes the reaction to transform hemimercaptal, a compound formed from methylglyoxal (MG) and reduced glutathione, into S-D-lactoylglutathione, which is then converted to D-lactic acid by glyoxalase II. GLO I inhibitors are expected to be useful for inhibiting tumorigenesis through the accumulation of apoptosis-inducible MG in tumor cells. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of eight kinds of isoflavone isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana against the growth of HL-60 human leukemia cells from the viewpoint of GLO I inhibition. Of the compounds tested, the diprenyl isoflavone, isolupalbigenin, was shown to exhibit the highest anti-proliferative activity against HL-60 cells. Upon the treatment of HL-60 cells with isolupalbigenin, MG was significantly accumulated in the culture medium, and the caspase 3 activity of the cell lysate was elevated in a time-dependent manner. Thus, it is suggested that isolupalbigenin inhibits the enzyme GLO I, resulting in MG accumulation in the medium, and leading to cell apoptosis. Isolupalbigenin, with two prenyl groups in its A- and B-rings, might be expected to become a potent leading compound for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Hikita
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Saori Yamada
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Rina Shibata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Miyako Katoh
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kuniki Kato
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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21
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Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Rizzo B, Barbalace MC, Fabbri D, Hrelia S. Neuroprotective effect of sulforaphane against methylglyoxal cytotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1234-45. [PMID: 25933243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, an endogenous process that leads to the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methylglyoxal is the most potent precursor of AGEs, and high levels of methylglyoxal have been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Methylglyoxal may contribute to AD both inducing extensive protein cross-linking and mediating oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, in counteracting methylglyoxal-induced damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The data demonstrated that sulforaphane protects cells against glycative damage by inhibiting activation of the caspase-3 enzyme, reducing the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38), reducing oxidative stress, and increasing intracellular glutathione levels. For the first time, we demonstrate that sulforaphane enhances the methylglyoxal detoxifying system, increasing the expression and activity of glyoxalase 1. Sulforaphane modulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its pathway, whose dysregulation is related to AD development. Moreover, sulforaphane was able to revert the reduction of glucose uptake caused by methylglyoxal. In conclusion, sulforaphane demonstrates pleiotropic behavior thanks to its ability to act on different cellular targets, suggesting a potential role in preventing/counteracting multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rizzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Han J, Tan C, Wang Y, Yang S, Tan D. Betanin reduces the accumulation and cross-links of collagen in high-fructose-fed rat heart through inhibiting non-enzymatic glycation. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Hung YC, Yang HT, Yin MC. Asiatic acid and maslinic acid protected heart via anti-glycative and anti-coagulatory activities in diabetic mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:2967-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00549c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac protective effects of asiatic acid (AA) and maslinic acid (MA) in diabetic mice were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-chih Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - Hui-ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
| | - Mei-chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition
- China Medical University
- Taichung City
- Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
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24
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Henning C, Liehr K, Girndt M, Ulrich C, Glomb MA. Extending the spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28676-88. [PMID: 25164824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.563593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maillard α-dicarbonyl compounds are known as central intermediates in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the human body, whereas l-threo-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential nutrient, involved in a variety of enzymatic reactions. Thus, the Maillard degradation of glucose and ascorbic acid is of major importance in vivo. To understand the complex mechanistic pathways of AGE formation, it is crucial to extend the knowledge on plasma concentrations of reactive key α-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g. 1-deoxyglucosone). With the present work, we introduce a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS multimethod for human blood plasma based on derivatization with o-phenylenediamine under acidic conditions. The impact of workup and reaction conditions, particularly of pH, was thoroughly evaluated. A comprehensive validation provided the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, coefficients of variation, and recovery rates. The method includes the α-dicarbonyls 1-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glucosone, Lederer's glucosone, dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, 1-deoxypentosone, 3-deoxypentosone, 3,4-dideoxypentosone, pentosone, 1-deoxythreosone, 3-deoxythreosone, threosone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal; the α-keto-carboxylic acids pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid; and the dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid. The method was then applied to the analyses of 15 healthy subjects and 24 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. The comparison of the results revealed a clear shift in the product spectrum. In most cases, the plasma levels of target analytes were significantly higher. Thus, this is the first time that a complete spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds relevant in vivo has been established. The results provide further insights into the chemistry of AGE formation and will be helpful to find specific markers to differentiate between the various precursors of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Girndt
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christof Ulrich
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal and glyoxal are endogenous α-oxoaldehyde metabolites and substrates of the glyoxalase system. These and related α-oxoaldehydes are often determined in cell, tissue and body fluid samples by derivatization with 1,2-diaminobenzene and similar compounds. Peroxidase activity in physiological tissues is a potential interference in estimation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal as it catalyses the conversion of 1,2-diaminobenzene into trace amounts of these dicarbonyl metabolites. Residual peroxidase activity in deproteinized extracts is found to cause significant interference in methylglyoxal and glyoxal estimations. This interference is blocked by the addition of sodium azide in the derivatizing buffer. Estimates of methylglyoxal concentration thereby obtained are in keeping with those predicted by systems modelling of methylglyoxal glycation kinetics in situ. Blocking sample peroxidase activity is important to avoid overestimation in the measurement of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. A dicarbonyl assay protocol resistant to interferences is described in the present article.
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26
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Wang Z, Hsieh C, Liu W, Yin M. Glycyrrhizic acid attenuated glycative stress in kidney of diabetic mice through enhancing glyoxalase pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1426-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐hong Wang
- Center of Aging ResearchChina Medical University Hospital Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Wen‐hu Liu
- Department of NutritionChung Shan Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Mei‐chin Yin
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung City Taiwan
- Department of NutritionChina Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
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27
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Pun PBL, Logan A, Darley-Usmar V, Chacko B, Johnson MS, Huang GW, Rogatti S, Prime TA, Methner C, Krieg T, Fearnley IM, Larsen L, Larsen DS, Menger KE, Collins Y, James AM, Kumar GDK, Hartley RC, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted mass spectrometry probe to detect glyoxals: implications for diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:437-50. [PMID: 24316194 PMCID: PMC3978666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycation of protein and nucleic acids that occurs as a consequence of hyperglycemia disrupts cell function and contributes to many pathologies, including those associated with diabetes and aging. Intracellular glycation occurs after the generation of the reactive 1,2-dicarbonyls methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and disruption of mitochondrial function is associated with hyperglycemia. However, the contribution of these reactive dicarbonyls to mitochondrial damage in pathology is unclear owing to uncertainties about their levels within mitochondria in cells and in vivo. To address this we have developed a mitochondria-targeted reagent (MitoG) designed to assess the levels of mitochondrial dicarbonyls within cells. MitoG comprises a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cationic function, which directs the molecules to mitochondria within cells, and an o-phenylenediamine moiety that reacts with dicarbonyls to give distinctive and stable products. The extent of accumulation of these diagnostic heterocyclic products can be readily and sensitively quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enabling changes to be determined. Using the MitoG-based analysis we assessed the formation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in response to hyperglycemia in cells in culture and in the Akita mouse model of diabetes in vivo. These findings indicated that the levels of methylglyoxal and glyoxal within mitochondria increase during hyperglycemia both in cells and in vivo, suggesting that they can contribute to the pathological mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs in diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Boon Li Pun
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Balu Chacko
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guang W Huang
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebastian Rogatti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Carmen Methner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katja E Menger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yvonne Collins
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - G D Kishore Kumar
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- Centre for the Chemical Research of Ageing, WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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28
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Ojeda AG, Wrobel K, Escobosa ARC, Garay-Sevilla ME, Wrobel K. High-performance liquid chromatography determination of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl in urine using 4-methoxy-o-phenylenediamine as derivatizing reagent. Anal Biochem 2013; 449:52-8. [PMID: 24361711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioanalytical relevance of glyoxal (Go) and methylglyoxal (MGo) arises from their role as biomarkers of glycation processes and oxidative stress. The third compound of interest in this work is diacetyl (DMGo), a component of different food products and alcoholic beverages and one of the small α-ketoaldehydes previously reported in urine. The original idea for the determination of the above compounds by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection was to use 4-methoxy-o-phenylenediamine (4MPD) as a derivatizing reagent and diethylglyoxal (DEGo) as internal standard. Acetonitrile was added to urine for matrix precipitation, and derivatization reaction was carried out in the diluted supernatant at neutral pH (40 °C, 4 h); after acidification, salt-induced phase separation enabled recovery of the obtained quinoxalines in the acetonitrile layer. The separation was achieved within 12 min using a C18 Kinetex column and gradient elution. The calibration detection limits for Go, MGo, and DMGo were 0.46, 0.39, and 0.28 μg/L, respectively. Within-day precision for real-world samples did not exceed 6%. Several urine samples from healthy volunteers, diabetic subjects, and juvenile swimmers were analyzed. The sensitivity of the procedure proposed here enabled detection of differences between analyte concentrations in urine from patients at different clinical or exposure-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico.
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29
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Wang T, Douglass EF, Fitzgerald KJ, Spiegel DA. A "turn-on" fluorescent sensor for methylglyoxal. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12429-33. [PMID: 23931147 DOI: 10.1021/ja406077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a dicarbonyl metabolite produced by all living cells, has been associated with a number of human diseases. However, studies of the role(s) MGO plays biologically have been handicapped by a lack of direct methods for its monitoring and detection. To address this limitation, we have developed a fluorescent sensor (methyl diaminobenzene-BODIPY, or "MBo") that can detect MGO under physiological conditions. We show that MBo is selective for MGO over other biologically relevant dicarbonyls and is suitable for detecting MGO in complex environments, including that of living cells. In addition, we demonstrate MBo's utility in estimating plasma concentrations of MGO. The results reported herein have the potential to advance both clinical and basic science research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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30
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Wei Y, Wang D, Moran G, Estrada A, Pagliassotti MJ. Fructose-induced stress signaling in the liver involves methylglyoxal. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:32. [PMID: 23566306 PMCID: PMC3635994 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fructose produces hepatic insulin resistance in humans and animals. We have proposed that the selective metabolism of fructose by the liver can, under conditions of elevated fructose delivery, inflict a metabolic insult that is localized to the hepatocyte. The present study was designed to identify potential cellular effectors of this insult. Methods Primary hepatocytes were incubated with 8 mM glucose and 0.12% inulin (G, n = 6) or 8 mM glucose, 0.12% inulin and 28 mU of inulinase (GF, n = 6) in the presence or absence of insulin for 0, 2, or 4 h. Results GF produced fructose concentrations of ~0.7 mM over the 4 h experiment. GF induced phosphorylation of MKK7 and JNK, phosphorylation of serine307 on IRS-1, and reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and -2. GF increased ceramide levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS); however inhibitors of ceramide synthesis or ROS accumulation did not prevent GF-mediated changes in MKK7, JNK or IRS proteins. GF increased cellular methylglyoxal concentrations and a selective increase in methylglyoxal recapitulated the GF-induced changes in MKK7, JNK and IRS proteins. Conclusions We hypothesize that GF-mediated changes in stress signaling involve methylglyoxal in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Wei
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 234 Gifford, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 234 Gifford, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
| | - Gretchen Moran
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 234 Gifford, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
| | - Andrea Estrada
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 234 Gifford, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
| | - Michael J Pagliassotti
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 234 Gifford, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA
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Abstract
The elevation of plasma methylglyoxal levels in diabetic humans is widely observed, but it is unknown to what extent different sources of methylglyoxal contribute to its plasma concentration. A retrospective analysis of clinical findings has been undertaken. There is controversy about the correlation of plasma methylglyoxal concentrations with fasting or postprandial glucose levels, and the relationship with HbA1c. There is only one study in which plasma ketone body levels have been monitored in parallel with methylglyoxal and a positive correlation between plasma methylglyoxal and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed. There are no reports on plasma aminoacetone levels and methylglyoxal in diabetic humans. This paper suggests that although there is a close association between methylglyoxal and carbohydrate metabolism, the presence of this 1,2-dicarbonyl in the plasma is mainly due to other mechanisms. Protein glycation and aminoacetone degradation are proposed to be the major and the minor sources of plasma methylglyoxal under normal conditions.
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32
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Antognelli C, Mezzasoma L, Fettucciari K, Mearini E, Talesa VN. Role of glyoxalase I in the proliferation and apoptosis control of human LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:121-32. [PMID: 22653787 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyoxalase I (GLOI) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls, as methylglyoxal (MG) that, directly or through the formation of MG-derived adducts, is a growth inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. GLOI has been considered a general marker of cell proliferation, but a direct link between the two has yet to be demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to clarify whether GLOI was involved in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells or might play a different role in the growth regulation of these cells. METHODS RNA interference was used to study the role of GLOI in cell proliferation or apoptosis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and flow cytometry, that was also used to analyze apoptosis. Real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and spectrophotometric analyses were used to study transcript levels or specific activity, respectively. Proteins levels were analyzed by Western blot. MG was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS We found that GLOI is not implicated in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 cells but plays a role in the apoptosis of invasive prostate cancer PC3 cells, through a mechanism involving a specific MG-adduct and NF-kB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data represent the first systematic demonstration that GLOI cannot be considered a general marker of cell proliferation and that acts as a pro-survival factor in invasive PC3 cells by elusing apoptosis. GLOI may be involved in prostate cancer progression, via the control of key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic mechanism, through NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Tsai SJ, Yin MC. Anti-oxidative, anti-glycative and anti-apoptotic effects of oleanolic acid in brain of mice treated by d-galactose. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hess C, Stratmann B, Quester W, Tschoepe D, Madea B, Musshoff F. Clinical and forensic examinations of glycaemic marker methylglyoxal by means of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Int J Legal Med 2012; 127:385-93. [PMID: 22820652 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The postmortem determination of hyperglycaemic coma is quite difficult because of the lack of morphological findings and the difficult interpretation of biochemical parameters. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive oxoaldehyde, which is mainly derived from glycolysis. An electrospray ionisation liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric procedure for the determination of methylglyoxal in human serum and postmortem blood was developed. It involves protein precipitation with perchloric acid and a derivatisation step with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. The assay was validated according to international guidelines. Serum samples from diabetics obtained at a diabetes clinic and from non-diabetics were used to assess data about reference concentrations in human serum. The assay showed linearity within the physiological concentrations in serum (5-500 ng/ml). Intraday imprecision at three concentrations was 10.3, 9.2 and 8.3 %, and interday imprecision was 15.3, 14.2 and 9.4 %; the limit of detection was 1.3 ng/ml, and limit of quantification, 3.2 ng/ml. One hundred and eighteen clinical (100 diabetics, 18 non-diabetics) and 98 forensic samples (84 non-diabetics, 14 in a status of hyperglycaemic coma) were measured. During life, diabetics showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher serum concentrations of MG than non-diabetics. After death, concentrations of MG increased significantly (p < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between the sum formula of Traub in vitreous humour and MG femoral blood concentrations (R = 0.237). This indicates that MG concentrations in the deceased cannot distinguish deaths due to a hyperglycaemic coma from other causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Hess
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Eberhardt MJ, Filipovic MR, Leffler A, de la Roche J, Kistner K, Fischer MJ, Fleming T, Zimmermann K, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I, Nawroth PP, Bierhaus A, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Methylglyoxal activates nociceptors through transient receptor potential channel A1 (TRPA1): a possible mechanism of metabolic neuropathies. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28291-306. [PMID: 22740698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can develop as an agonizing sequela of diabetes mellitus and chronic uremia. A chemical link between both conditions of altered metabolism is the highly reactive compound methylglyoxal (MG), which accumulates in all cells, in particular neurons, and leaks into plasma as an index of the severity of the disorder. The electrophilic structure of this cytotoxic ketoaldehyde suggests TRPA1, a receptor channel deeply involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, as a molecular target. We demonstrate that extracellularly applied MG accesses specific intracellular binding sites of TRPA1, activating inward currents and calcium influx in transfected cells and sensory neurons, slowing conduction velocity in unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers, and stimulating release of proinflammatory neuropeptides from and action potential firing in cutaneous nociceptors. Using a model peptide of the N terminus of human TRPA1, we demonstrate the formation of disulfide bonds based on MG-induced modification of cysteines as a novel mechanism. In conclusion, MG is proposed to be a candidate metabolite that causes neuropathic pain in metabolic disorders and thus is a promising target for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J Eberhardt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Yan SJ, Wang L, Li Z, Zhu DN, Guo SC, Xin WF, Yang YF, Cong X, Ma T, Shen PP, Sheng J, Zhang WS. Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation by Pu-erh tea ameliorates progression of experimental diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4102-4110. [PMID: 22482420 DOI: 10.1021/jf300347p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the effects of Pu-erh tea on AGE accumulation associated with diabetic nephropathy. Although it did not affect blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivy, Pu-erh tea treatment for 8 weeks attenuated the increases in urinary albumin, serum creatinine, and mesangial matrix in db/db mice. We found that Pu-erh tea prevented diabetes-induced accumulation of AGEs and led to a decreased level of receptor for AGE expression in glomeruli. Both production and clearance of carbonyl compounds, the main precursor of AGE formation, were probably attenuated by Pu-erh tea in vivo independent of glyoxalase I expression. In vitro, HPLC assay demonstrated Pu-erh tea could trap methylglyoxal in a dose-dependent manner. Our study raises the possibility that inhibition of AGE formation by carbonyl trapping is a promising approach to prevent or arrest the progression of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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37
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Rapid and sensitive determination of the intermediates of advanced glycation end products in the human nail by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:187-94. [PMID: 22381369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The resolution of the intermediate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the human nail was carried out by the combination of 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (DMPD) derivatives and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS). The reaction of the reagent with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), methylglyoxal (MG), and glyoxal (GO) effectively proceeds at 60°C for 2h. The resulting derivatives were efficiently separated by a gradient program (a mixture of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid) using a reversed-phase ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (1.7 μm, 50×2.1 mm i.d.) and sensitively detected by TOF-MS. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=5) of the TOF-MS were 10 to 50 fmol. A good linearity was achieved from the calibration curve, which was obtained by plotting the peak area ratios of the analytes relative to the internal standard (IS) (i.e., 2,3-hexanedione) versus the injected amounts of 3-DG, MG, and GO (r(2)>0.999), and the intra- and interday assay precisions were less than 6.89%. The derivatives of the compounds in the human nail were successfully identified by the proposed procedure. As we know, these three kinds of dicarbonyl intermediates in the formation of AGEs-3-DG, MG, and GO-were first found in human nail samples. Using these methods, the amounts of compound in the nails of healthy volunteers and diabetic patients were determined. When comparing the index from the diabetic patients with that from healthy volunteers, there is no significant difference in the content of the MG and GO in the nails. However, a statistically significant (P<0.001) correlation was observed between the 3-DG concentrations. Because the proposed method provides a good mass accuracy and the trace detection of the dicarbonyl intermediates of AGEs in the human nail, this analytical technique could be a noninvasive technique to assist in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in diabetic patients. Here we present a novel, sensitive, and simple method for the simultaneous determination of dicarbonyl compounds in the human nail.
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38
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Bélanger M, Yang J, Petit JM, Laroche T, Magistretti PJ, Allaman I. Role of the glyoxalase system in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. J Neurosci 2011; 31:18338-52. [PMID: 22171037 PMCID: PMC6623908 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1249-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is the most important pathway for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound mainly formed as a by-product of glycolysis. MG is a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Although the neurotoxic effects of MG and AGEs are well characterized, little is known about the glyoxalase system in the brain, in particular with regards to its activity in different neural cell types. Results of the present study reveal that both enzymes composing the glyoxalase system [glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) and Glo-2] were highly expressed in primary mouse astrocytes compared with neurons, which translated into higher enzymatic activity rates in astrocytes (9.9- and 2.5-fold, respectively). The presence of a highly efficient glyoxalase system in astrocytes was associated with lower accumulation of AGEs compared with neurons (as assessed by Western blotting), a sixfold greater resistance to MG toxicity, and the capacity to protect neurons against MG in a coculture system. In addition, Glo-1 downregulation using RNA interference strategies resulted in a loss of viability in neurons, but not in astrocytes. Finally, stimulation of neuronal glycolysis via lentiviral-mediated overexpression of 6-phosphofructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 resulted in increased MG levels and MG-modified proteins. Since MG is largely produced through glycolysis, this suggests that the poor capacity of neurons to upregulate their glycolytic flux as compared with astrocytes may be related to weaker defense mechanisms against MG toxicity. Accordingly, the neuroenergetic specialization taking place between these two cell types may serve as a protective mechanism against MG-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Bélanger
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, and
| | - Jiangyan Yang
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, and
| | - Jean-Marie Petit
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, and
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Laroche
- Bioimaging & Optics platform, Life Sciences Faculty, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, and
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Allaman
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, and
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Lin MH, Chen HY, Liao TH, Huang TC, Chen CM, Lee JA. Determination of time-dependent accumulation of d-lactate in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney by column-switching HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kim KM, Kim YS, Jung DH, Lee J, Kim JS. Increased glyoxalase I levels inhibit accumulation of oxidative stress and an advanced glycation end product in mouse mesangial cells cultured in high glucose. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:152-9. [PMID: 22036650 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic high glucose levels lead to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as well as AGE precursors, such as methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal, via non-enzymatic glycation reactions in patients with diabetic mellitus. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls that form AGEs. To investigate the interaction between AGEs and GLO-1 in mesangial cells (MCs) under diabetic conditions, AGE levels and markers of oxidative stress were measured in GLO-1-overexpressing MCs (GLO-1-MCs) cultured in high glucose. Furthermore, we also examined levels of high glucose-induced apoptosis in GLO-1-MCs. In glomerular MCs, high glucose levels increased the formation of both MG and argpyrimidine (an MG-derived adduct) as well as GLO-1 expression. GLO-1-MCs had lower intracellular levels of MG accumulation, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (an oxidative DNA damage marker), 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (a lipid peroxidation product), and nitrosylated protein (a marker of oxidative-nitrosative stress) compared to control cells. Expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes I, II, and III was also decreased in GLO-1-MCs. Furthermore, fewer GLO-1-MCs showed evidence of apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick labeling assay, and activation of both poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage and caspase-3 was lower in GLO-1-MCs than in control cells cultured in high glucose. These results suggest that GLO-1 plays a role in high glucose-mediated signaling by reducing MG accumulation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 483 Exporo, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
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41
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Subedi KP, Choi D, Kim I, Min B, Park C. Hsp31 of Escherichia coli K-12 is glyoxalase III. Mol Microbiol 2011; 81:926-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Barua M, Jenkins EC, Chen W, Kuizon S, Pullarkat RK, Junaid MA. Glyoxalase I polymorphism rs2736654 causing the Ala111Glu substitution modulates enzyme activity--implications for autism. Autism Res 2011; 4:262-70. [PMID: 21491613 DOI: 10.1002/aur.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a pervasive, heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental disability characterized by impairments in verbal communications, reciprocal social interactions, and restricted repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Evidence suggests the involvement of multiple genetic factors in the etiology of autism, and extensive genome-wide association studies have revealed several candidate genes that bear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non-coding and coding regions. We have shown that a non-conservative, non-synonymous SNP in the glyoxalase I gene, GLOI, may be an autism susceptibility factor. The GLOI rs2736654 SNP is a C→A change that causes an Ala111Glu change in the Glo1 enzyme. To identify the significance of the SNP, we have conducted functional assays for Glo1. We now present evidence that the presence of the A-allele at rs2736654 results in reduced enzyme activity. Glo1 activity is decreased in lymphoblastoid cells that are homozygous for the A allele. The Glu-isoform of Glo1 in these cells is hyperphosphorylated. Direct HPLC measurements of the glyoxalase I substrate, methylglyoxal (MG), show an increase in MG in these cells. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs). We also show that MG is toxic to the developing neuronal cells. We suggest that accumulation of MG results in the formation of AGEs, which induce expression of the RAGE that during crucial neuronal development may be a factor in the pathology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhabi Barua
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA
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Paoli T, Faulkner J, O'kennedy R, Keshavarz-Moore E. A study of D-lactate and extracellular methylglyoxal production in lactate re-utilizing CHO cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:182-9. [PMID: 20506520 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In large-scale mammalian cell culture, the key toxic by-products assessed and monitored are lactate and ammonia. Often no distinction between the two isoforms of lactate is made. Here, we present profiles of both D- and L-lactate. D-Lactate is the end molecule of the methylglyoxal pathway. D-Lactate unlike L-lactate is not re-utilized, and although during normal culture time frames it represents one-tenth of total lactate, during lactate re-use it represents nearly 35%. This indicates significant carbon flow through pathways not associated with primary metabolites. We have observed that the behavior of D-lactate is radically different from that of L-lactate with the level of one isoform changing, whilst the concentration of the other remains constant. This is an example of an alternate carbon flow pathway containing metabolic intermediates that may potentially have a detrimental effect on cells. The activity of the methylglyoxal pathway when measured as a proportion of glucose consumption in this study far exceeds any previously reported. This highlights the potential importance of "non-primary" metabolisms to long lifespan mammalian fermentation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Paoli
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, UK
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44
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Ma H, Li SY, Xu P, Babcock SA, Dolence EK, Brownlee M, Li J, Ren J. Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) accumulation and AGE receptor (RAGE) up-regulation contribute to the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1751-1764. [PMID: 19602045 PMCID: PMC2829341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is manifested by compromised systolic and diastolic function. This study was designed to examine the role of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE) in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heart function was assessed in isolated control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic hearts following in vivo RAGE gene knockdown using RNA interference. Cardiomyocyte mechanical properties were evaluated including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS) and time-to-90% relengthening (TR(90)). RAGE was assayed by RT-PCR and immunoblot. Diabetes significantly enhanced cardiac MG, AGE and RAGE levels accompanied with colocalization of AGE and RAGE in cardiomyocytes. Diabetes-elicited increase in RAGE was inhibited by in vivo siRNA interference. The AGE formation inhibitor benfotiamine significantly attenuated diabetes-induced elevation in MG, AGE, RAGE and collagen cross-linking without affecting hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia in diabetes. Diabetes markedly decreased LV contractility, as evidenced by reduced +/-dP/dt and LV developed pressure (LVDP), which were protected by RAGE gene knockdown. In addition, MG-derived AGE (MG-AGE) up-regulated cardiac RAGE mRNA and triggered cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction reminiscent of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The MG-AGE-elicited prolongation of TPS and TR(90) was ablated by an anti-RAGE antibody in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, MG-AGE-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction was associated with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and reduced GSK-3beta inactivation in control cardiomyocytes, similar to those from in vivo diabetes. Treatment with siRNA-RAGE ablated diabetes-induced MMP depolarization and GSK-3beta inactivation. Collectively, our result implicated a role of AGE-RAGE in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shi-Yan Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Sara A Babcock
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - E Kurt Dolence
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Wang ZH, Hsu CC, Huang CN, Yin MC. Anti-glycative effects of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in kidney of diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 628:255-60. [PMID: 19917277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) on aldose reductase (AR) and glycative products in kidney of diabetic mice were examined. OA or UA at 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2% was supplied for 10 weeks. Diabetic mice with 0.1 or 0.2% OA or UA treatments had significantly higher body weight and lower kidney weight at weeks 5 and 10 (P<0.05). OA or UA intake at 0.1 or 0.2% increased their content in the kidney, dose-dependently decreased plasma glucose, HbA1c, renal N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, urinary glycated albumin and urinary albumin levels; elevated plasma insulin and renal creatinine clearance levels; as well as decreased renal sorbitol and fructose concentrations (P<0.05). OA or UA treatments at 0.1 and 0.2% also significantly diminished renal AR activity and dose-dependently down-regulated renal AR mRNA expression (P<0.05). These two compounds at 0.2% significantly reduced renal sorbitol dehydrogenase activity (P<0.05). OA, not UA, treatments at 0.1 or 0.2% dose-dependently enhanced renal glyoxalase I (GLI) activity, up-regulated renal GLI mRNA expression and lowered renal methylglyoxal level (P<0.05). Based on these marked anti-glycative effects, the supplement of OA or UA might be helpful for the prevention or alleviation of glycation associated renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-hong Wang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5 induces oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B by reducing the efficiency of antiglycation and antioxidant enzymatic defenses. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:13-21. [PMID: 19679115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as mediators of pulmonary damage in mineral dust-induced diseases. Studies carried out to date have largely focused on silica-induced production of ROS by lung phagocytes. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5 can induce elevations in intracellular ROS in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B, via an indirect mechanism that involves ROS-inducing intracellular factors, through a reduction of antiglycation (glyoxalase enzymes) and antioxidant (paraoxonase 1 and glutathione-S-transferases) enzymatic defenses. The results show that crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5 causes a significant reduction in the efficiency of antiglycation and antioxidant enzymatic defenses, paralleled by an early and extensive ROS generation, thus preventing the cells from an efficient scavenging action, and eliciting oxidative damage. These results confirm the importance of ROS in development of crystalline silica-induced oxidative stress and emphasize the pivotal role of antiglycation/antioxidant and detoxifying systems in determining the level of protection from free radicals-induced injury for cells exposed to crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5.
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Lu MP, Wang R, Song X, Chibbar R, Wang X, Wu L, Meng QH. Dietary soy isoflavones increase insulin secretion and prevent the development of diabetic cataracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 2009; 28:464-71. [PMID: 19083447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavone-containing diets have been reported to be beneficial in diabetes. This present study investigated the hypoglycemic effects of isoflavones in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg STZ. Diabetic rats were then randomly divided into 3 groups and received a special diet supplemented with casein (control), low-isoflavone soy (LIS) protein, and high-isoflavone soy protein (HIS) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control or LIS groups, those rats on the HIS diet had significantly increased body weight and serum insulin levels and reduced serum glucose and methylglyoxal levels. Serum glutathione levels were also increased in rats given the HIS diet compared with those in the control or LIS (P < .01). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly higher in HIS-fed rats than that of the control or LIS rats (P < .05). More importantly, the death rate and incidence of cataracts in the diabetic rats were markedly decreased in the HIS group. In conclusion, ingestion of high-isoflavone soy protein not only lowers glucose levels but also reduces the incidence of cataracts in diabetic rats. The beneficial effects of soy isoflavones are attributed to increased insulin secretion, a better glycemic control, and antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, Canada S7N 0W8
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Wendler A, Irsch T, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Krauth-Siegel RL. Glyoxalase II does not support methylglyoxal detoxification but serves as a general trypanothione thioesterase in African trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009; 163:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choi CH, Park SJ, Jeong SY, Yim HS, Kang SO. Methylglyoxal accumulation by glutathione depletion leads to cell cycle arrest inDictyostelium. Mol Microbiol 2008; 70:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Daglia M, Papetti A, Aceti C, Sordelli B, Spini V, Gazzani G. Isolation and determination of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds by RP-HPLC-DAD in green and roasted coffee. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8877-8882. [PMID: 17927199 DOI: 10.1021/jf071917l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl formed as Maillard reaction products in heat-treated food were determined in coffee extracts (coffee brews) obtained from green beans and beans with different degrees of roast. The compounds have been reported to be mutagenic in vitro and genotoxic in experimental animals in a number of papers. More recently, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds have been implicated in the glycation process. Our data show that small amounts of glyoxal and methylglyoxal occur naturally in green coffee beans. Their concentrations increase in the early phases of the roasting process and then decline. Conversely, diacetyl is not found in green beans and forms later in the roasting process. Therefore, light and medium roasted coffees had the highest glyoxal and methylglyoxal content, whereas dark roasted coffee contained smaller amounts of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl. For the determination of coffee alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) method was devised that involved the elimination of interfering compounds, such as chlorogenic acids, by solid phase extraction (SPE) and their derivatization with 1,2-diaminobenzene to give quinoxaline derivatives. Checks of SPE and derivatization conditions to verify recovery and yield, respectively, resulted in rates of 100%. The results of the validation procedure showed that the proposed method is selective, precise, accurate, and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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