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Li WJ, Li RY, Wang DY, Shen M, Liu HL. CXCR3 participates in asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by modulating actin dynamics. Theriogenology 2024; 225:43-54. [PMID: 38788628 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the role of CXCR3 in immune responses and inflammation. However, the role of CXCR3 in the reproductive system, particularly in oocyte development, remains unknown. In this study, we present findings on the involvement of CXCR3 in the meiotic division process of mouse oocytes. We found CXCR3 was expressed consistently throughout the entire maturation process of mouse oocyte. Inhibition of CXCR3 impaired the asymmetric division of oocyte, while the injection of Cxcr3 mRNA was capable of restoring these defects. Further study showed that inhibition of CXCR3 perturbed spindle migration by affecting LIMK/cofilin pathway-mediated actin remodeling. Knockout of CXCR3 led to an upregulation of actin-binding protein and an increased ATP level in GV-stage oocytes, while maintaining normal actin dynamics during the process of meiosis. Additionally, we noticed the expression level of DYNLT1 is markedly elevated in CXCR3-null oocytes. DYNLT1 bound with the Arp2/3 complex, and knockdown of DYNLT1 in CXCR3-null oocytes impaired the organization of cytoplasmic actin, suggesting the regulatory role of DYNLT1 in actin organization, and the compensatory expression of DYNLT1 may contribute to maintain normal actin dynamics in CXCR3-knockout oocytes. In summary, our findings provide insights into the intricate network of actin dynamics associated with CXCR3 during oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong-Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Da-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Yuan H, Mao X, Yan Y, Huang R, Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Bao M, Dai Y, Fang B, Mi J, Xie Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Mo Z, Yang R. Single-cell sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:48. [PMID: 38216927 PMCID: PMC10787393 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. B cells are crucial factors in tumor suppression, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) facilitate immune cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the function and mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating B cells and TLSs in MIBC need to be explored further. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 11,612 B cells and 55,392 T cells from 12 bladder cancer patients and found naïve B cells, proliferating B cells, plasma cells, interferon-stimulated B cells and germinal center-associated B cells, and described the phenotype, gene enrichment, cell-cell communication, biological processes. We utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) to describe TLSs morphology in MIBC. RESULTS The interferon-stimulated B-cell subtype (B-ISG15) and germinal center-associated B-cell subtypes (B-LMO2, B-STMN1) were significantly enriched in MIBC. TLSs in MIBC exhibited a distinct follicular structure characterized by a central region of B cells resembling a germinal center surrounded by T cells. CellChat analysis showed that CXCL13 + T cells play a pivotal role in recruiting CXCR5 + B cells. Cell migration experiments demonstrated the chemoattraction of CXCL13 toward CXCR5 + B cells. Importantly, the infiltration of the interferon-stimulated B-cell subtype and the presence of TLSs correlated with a more favorable prognosis in MIBC. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the heterogeneity of B-cell subtypes in MIBC and suggests a pivotal role of TLSs in MIBC outcomes. Our study provides novel insights that contribute to the precision treatment of MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingning Mao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunkun Yan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhao Mi
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuli Xie
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Rirong Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Korbecki J, Kupnicka P, Barczak K, Bosiacki M, Ziętek P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Role of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 Ligands in Molecular Cancer Processes and Clinical Aspects of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4555. [PMID: 37760523 PMCID: PMC10526350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia known for its unfavorable prognoses, prompting research efforts to discover new therapeutic targets. One area of investigation involves examining extracellular factors, particularly CXC chemokines. While CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 have been extensively studied, research on other CXC chemokine axes in AML is less developed. This study aims to bridge that gap by providing an overview of the significance of CXC chemokines other than CXCL12 (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5, and CXCR6 ligands and CXCL14 and CXCL17) in AML's oncogenic processes. We explore the roles of all CXC chemokines other than CXCL12, in particular CXCL1 (Gro-α), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) in AML tumor processes, including their impact on AML cell proliferation, bone marrow angiogenesis, interaction with non-leukemic cells like MSCs and osteoblasts, and their clinical relevance. We delve into how they influence prognosis, association with extramedullary AML, induction of chemoresistance, effects on bone marrow microvessel density, and their connection to French-American-British (FAB) classification and FLT3 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Paweł Ziętek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Orthopaedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Bird MF, Hebbes CP, Tamang A, Willets JM, Thompson JP, Guerrini R, Calo G, Lambert DG. In vitro sepsis up-regulates Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor expression and function on human T- but not B-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2298-2314. [PMID: 37021779 PMCID: PMC10953342 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In animal models of sepsis, increased activation of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor NOP is associated with mortality and NOP antagonists improved survival. We have explored the role of the N/OFQ-NOP system in freshly isolated volunteer human B- and T-cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan G (PepG) as a model of in vitro sepsis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH B- and T-cell NOP expression was measured using the NOP fluorescent probe N/OFQATTO594 , N/OFQ content was measured using immunofluorescence, N/OFQ release was tracked using a CHOhNOPGαiq5 biosensor assay and NOP function was measured using transwell migration and cytokine/chemokine release using a 25-plex assay format. Cells were challenged with LPS/PepG. KEY RESULTS CD19-positive B-cells bound N/OFQATTO594 ; they also contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL13/IL-4 increased N/OFQ release. N/OFQ trended to reduced migration to CXCL13/IL-4. Surface NOP expression was unaffected by LPS/PepG, but this treatment increased GM-CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner. CD3-positive T-cells did not bind N/OFQATTO594 ; they did contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL12/IL-6 increased N/OFQ release. When incubated with LPS/PepG, NOP surface expression was induced leading to N/OFQATTO594 binding. In LPS/PepG-treated cells, N/OFQ reduced migration to CXCL12/IL-6. LPS/PepG increased GM-CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest both a constitutive and sepsis-inducible N/OFQ-NOP receptor autocrine regulation of B- and T-cell function, respectively. These NOP receptors variably inhibit migration and reduce GM-CSF release. These data provide mechanistic insights to the detrimental role for increased N/OFQ signalling in sepsis and suggest a potential role for NOP antagonists as treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Bird
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Christopher P. Hebbes
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | | | - Jonathan P. Thompson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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5
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Schaffrick L, Ding J, Kwan P, Tredget E. The dynamic changes of monocytes and cytokines during wound healing post-burn injury. Cytokine 2023; 168:156231. [PMID: 37247448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury is a sudden and traumatic injury that affects a large part of the population worldwide, who are placed at high risk of developing hypertrophic scars (HTS). HTS are a fibrotic scar resulting in painful contracted and raised scarring, affecting mobility in joints and work life, as well as cosmetically. The aim of this research was to enhance our understanding of the systematic response of monocytes and cytokines in wound healing after burn injury, in order to develop novel approaches to prevention and treatment of HTS. METHODS Twenty-seven burn patients and thirteen healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Burn patients were stratified by burn total body surface area (TBSA). Peripheral blood samples were taken post-burn injury. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from the blood samples. This research investigated cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL1RA, IL-10, and chemokine pathways SDF-1/CXCR4, MCP-1/CCR2, RANTES/CCR5 during the wound healing process in burn patients with varying severity of injuries by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. PBMCs were stained for monocytes and the chemokine receptors by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey correction, and regression analysis was performed using Pearson's Correlation analysis. RESULTS The CD14+CD16- monocyte subpopulation is larger in patients who developed HTS at 4-7 days. The CD14+CD16+ monocyte subpopulation is smaller in the first week of injury, where it is similar after 8 days. Burn injury increased CXCR4, CCR2, and CCR5 expressions in CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. Increases in MCP-1 at 0-3 days after burn injury was positively correlated with burn severity. IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1 significantly increased with increasing burn severity. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes and their chemokine receptors, as well as systemic levels of cytokines in wound healing of burn patients and scar development will require ongoing assessment to enhance our understanding of the abnormal wound healing after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Schaffrick
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jie Ding
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Peter Kwan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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6
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Zhao J, Chen S, Yang C, Zhou M, Yang T, Sun B, Zhu J, Zhang H, Lu Q, Li L, Yang Z, Song B, Shen W, Yi S, Dai S. Activation of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis aggravates experimental autoimmune cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115047. [PMID: 35452631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is involved in many inflammatory diseases and its selective inhibitor, TAK-799 has exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potency. The sequencing of clinical specimens from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has shown that CXCL13 and CXCR5 are highly expressed, but the role of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in IC/BPS has not been rarely reported. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the GSE11783 sequencing data of IC/BPS patients and investigate the role and mechanism of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and TAK-779 in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC). We verified that CXCL13 and CXCR5 were significantly up-regulated in EAC model. EAC mice exhibited increased bladder inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8), frequency of voiding. Using TAK779 to block CXCL13/CXCR5 axis significantly attenuated these inflammatory damages and efficiently improved bladder function (significant reduction in micturition frequency, significant prolongation of inter-contraction interval). Further investigation showed that inhibiton of JNK and NF-kappaB activation, the bioinformatics analysis-indicated downstream signaling of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis, is responsible for the protective effect of TAK779. Taken together, we demonstrate that activation of the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is involved in the pathophysiology of IC/BPS and EAC. Blocking CXCL13/CXCR5 axis activation by TAK-779 reduces bladder inflammation and improves bladder function in EAC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China; Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Bishao Sun
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Jingzheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Hengshuai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Qudong Lu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Elewa YHA, Masum MA, Mohamed SKA, Islam MR, Nakamura T, Ichii O, Kon Y. The Ameliorative Effect of Dexamethasone on the Development of Autoimmune Lung Injury and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in an Autoimmune Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084449. [PMID: 35457267 PMCID: PMC9027674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we revealed the ameliorative therapeutic effect of dexamethasone (Dex) for Lupus nephritis lesions in the MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr/lpr (Lpr) mouse model. The female Lpr mice developed a greater number of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) and inflammatory lung lesions compared to the male mice. However, the effect of Dex, an immunosuppressive drug, on both lung lesions and the development of MFALCs in Lpr mice has not been identified yet. Therefore, in this study, we compared the development of lung lesions and MFALCs in female Lpr mice that received either saline (saline group “SG”) or dexamethasone (dexamethasone group “DG”) in drinking water as a daily dose along with weekly intraperitoneal injections for 10 weeks. Compared to the SG group, the DG group showed a significant reduction in the levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, the size of MFALCs, the degree of lung injury, the area of high endothelial venules (HEVs), and the number of proliferating and immune cells in both MFALCs and the lungs. A significant positive correlation was observed between the size of MFALCs and the cellular aggregation in the lungs of Lpr mice. Therefore, this study confirmed the ameliorative effect of Dex on the development of lung injury and MFALCs via their regressive effect on both immune cells’ proliferative activity and the development of HEVs. Furthermore, the reprogramming of MFALCs by targeting immune cells and HEVs may provide a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune-disease-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5188
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (M.R.I.); (T.N.); (O.I.); (Y.K.)
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8
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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9
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Guo JH, Yin SS, Liu H, Liu F, Gao FH. Tumor microenvironment immune-related lncRNA signature for patients with melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:857. [PMID: 34164491 PMCID: PMC8184426 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of malignant melanoma accounts for only approximately 5% of skin malignant tumors, however, it accounts for 75% of its mortality. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has a wide range of functional activities. Disorders of lncRNAs may lead to the occurrence and development of melanoma, and may also be related to immunotherapy. Methods The transcriptomic data of primary and metastatic melanoma patients and 331 immune-related genes were downloaded from skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. On this basis, 460 immunologically relevant lncRNAs were identified by constructing a co-expression network of immunogenic genes and lncRNAs in primary and metastatic melanoma patients. Prognostic genes were screened using univariate Cox regression analysis. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the prognostic signature. Results Univariate correlation analysis showed that only 3 of the 23 immune-related lncRNAs were at high risk and the rest were at low risk. Signatures of 7 immune-related lncRNAs were identified by multivariate correlation analysis. The clinical correlation analysis showed that the 7 immune-related lncRNAs were associated with the clinical stage of primary and metastatic melanoma. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only 7 immune-related lncRNA signals divided tumor patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, while the low-risk group was enriched in the immune system process M13664 and immune response M19817 sets. PPI interaction network analysis showed that 11 G protein-coupled receptors and 6 corresponding ligands in the 2 gene sets affected the tumor microenvironment and were negatively related to the risk of the 7 immune-related lncRNAs. The tumor microenvironment immune cell infiltration analysis also supported the finding that anti-tumor immunity in the low-risk group was stronger than in the high-risk group. Conclusions These results indicate that characteristics of the 7 immune-related lncRNAs have prognostic value for melanoma patients and can be used as potential immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Kapczuk P, Kupnicka P, Gawrońska-Szklarz B, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020843. [PMID: 33467722 PMCID: PMC7830156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Szklarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (P.K.); (P.K.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661515
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11
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Fidelle M, Yonekura S, Picard M, Cogdill A, Hollebecque A, Roberti MP, Zitvogel L. Resolving the Paradox of Colon Cancer Through the Integration of Genetics, Immunology, and the Microbiota. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600886. [PMID: 33381121 PMCID: PMC7768083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While colorectal cancers (CRC) are paradigmatic tumors invaded by effector memory lymphocytes, the mechanisms accounting for the relative resistance of MSI negative CRC to immunogenic cell death mediated by oxaliplatin and immune checkpoint inhibitors has remained an open conundrum. Here, we propose the viewpoint where its microenvironmental contexture could be explained -at least in part- by macroenvironmental cues constituted by the complex interplay between the epithelial barrier, its microbial ecosystem, and the local immune system. Taken together this dynamic ménage-à-trois offers novel coordinated actors of the humoral and cellular immune responses actionable to restore sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition. Solving this paradox involves breaking tolerance to crypt stem cells by inducing the immunogenic apoptosis of ileal cells in the context of an ileal microbiome shifted towards immunogenic bacteria using cytotoxicants. This manoeuver results in the elicitation of a productive Tfh and B cell dialogue in mesenteric lymph nodes culminating in tumor-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses sparing the normal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Picard
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alexandria Cogdill
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Paula Roberti
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Equipe Labellisée—Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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12
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Immunopathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197319. [PMID: 33023023 PMCID: PMC7584042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder which affects small- and, to a lesser degree, medium-sized vessels. ANCA-associated vasculitis encompasses three disease phenotypes: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). This classification is largely based on clinical presentations and has several limitations. Recent research provided evidence that genetic background, risk of relapse, prognosis, and co-morbidities are more closely related to the ANCA serotype, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, compared to the disease phenotypes GPA or MPA. This finding has been extended to the investigation of biomarkers predicting disease activity, which again more closely relate to the ANCA serotype. Discoveries related to the immunopathogenesis translated into clinical practice as targeted therapies are on the rise. This review will summarize the current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis and the interplay between ANCA serotype and proposed disease biomarkers and illustrate how the extending knowledge of the immunopathogenesis will likely translate into development of a personalized medicine approach in the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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13
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Ji AL, Rubin AJ, Thrane K, Jiang S, Reynolds DL, Meyers RM, Guo MG, George BM, Mollbrink A, Bergenstråhle J, Larsson L, Bai Y, Zhu B, Bhaduri A, Meyers JM, Rovira-Clavé X, Hollmig ST, Aasi SZ, Nolan GP, Lundeberg J, Khavari PA. Multimodal Analysis of Composition and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell 2020; 182:497-514.e22. [PMID: 32579974 PMCID: PMC7391009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To define the cellular composition and architecture of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), we combined single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed ion beam imaging from a series of human cSCCs and matched normal skin. cSCC exhibited four tumor subpopulations, three recapitulating normal epidermal states, and a tumor-specific keratinocyte (TSK) population unique to cancer, which localized to a fibrovascular niche. Integration of single-cell and spatial data mapped ligand-receptor networks to specific cell types, revealing TSK cells as a hub for intercellular communication. Multiple features of potential immunosuppression were observed, including T regulatory cell (Treg) co-localization with CD8 T cells in compartmentalized tumor stroma. Finally, single-cell characterization of human tumor xenografts and in vivo CRISPR screens identified essential roles for specific tumor subpopulation-enriched gene networks in tumorigenesis. These data define cSCC tumor and stromal cell subpopulations, the spatial niches where they interact, and the communicating gene networks that they engage in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Ji
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kim Thrane
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robin M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret G Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Annelie Mollbrink
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Joseph Bergenstråhle
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yunhao Bai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Jordan M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xavier Rovira-Clavé
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Tyler Hollmig
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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14
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Estévez O, Anibarro L, Garet E, Pallares Á, Pena A, Villaverde C, del Campo V, González-Fernández Á. Identification of candidate host serum and saliva biomarkers for a better diagnosis of active and latent tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235859. [PMID: 32687494 PMCID: PMC7371182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our work, we aim to identify new candidate host biomarkers to discriminate between active TB patients (n = 28), latent infection (LTBI; n = 27) and uninfected (NoTBI; n = 42) individuals. For that, active TB patients and their contacts were recruited that donated serum and saliva samples. A multiplex assay was performed to study the concentration of different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Proteins with significant differences between groups were selected and logistic regression and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The best marker combinations that discriminate active TB from NoTBI contacts were [IP-10 + IL-7] in serum and [Fractalkine + IP-10 + IL-1α + VEGF] in saliva. Best discrimination between active TB and LTBI was achieved using [IP-10 + BCA-1] in serum (AUC = 0.83) and IP-10 in saliva (p = 0.0007; AUC = 0.78). The levels of TNFα (p = 0.003; AUC = 0.73) in serum and the combination of [Fractalkine+IL-12p40] (AUC = 0.83) in saliva, were able to differentiate between NoTBI and LTBI contacts. In conclusion, different individual and combined protein markers could help to discriminate between active TB and both uninfected and latently-infected contacts. The most promising ones include [IP-10 + IL-7], [IP-10 + BCA-1] and TNFα in serum and [Fractalkine + IP-10 + IL-1α + VEGF], IP-10 and [Fractalkine+IL-12p40] in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Estévez
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Anibarro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
- Grupo de Estudio de Infecciones por Micobacterias (GEIM), Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases (SEIMC), Spain
- Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Elina Garet
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Pallares
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Alberto Pena
- Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Villaverde
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Víctor del Campo
- Epidemiology Unit, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hetta HF, Elkady A, Yahia R, Meshall AK, Saad MM, Mekky MA, Al-Kadmy IMS. T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cells in colorectal cancer: A complex interplay. J Immunol Methods 2020; 480:112753. [PMID: 32061875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. T Follicular helper (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells are specialized providers of T-cells to help B-cells and shaping germinal centers (GC) response. Recent researches reported a high percentage of TFH and TFR in different infectious diseases and certain malignancies. However, their functional role in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is relatively unknown. Furthermore, recent studies show that the interaction of both TFH cells and TFR cells are essential to promote several diseases. Under the control of specific cytokines and B-cell lymphoma 6 transcription factor (Bcl-6), the major transcription factor of TFH cells, TFH, can expand to the other distinct CD4 + T helper cells (TH1, TH2, and TH17) which exert a different role in the development of CRC. This review aims to discuss these suggested roles of the two-opposite subset of follicular T cells in colorectal cancer immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ramadan Yahia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kh Meshall
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Saad
- Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Mekky
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Israa M S Al-Kadmy
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, POX 10244, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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16
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Syrett CM, Sierra I, Beethem ZT, Dubin AH, Anguera MC. Loss of epigenetic modifications on the inactive X chromosome and sex-biased gene expression profiles in B cells from NZB/W F1 mice with lupus-like disease. J Autoimmun 2019; 107:102357. [PMID: 31780316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the female-bias in autoimmunity are poorly understood. The contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors from the inactive X chromosome (Xi) are beginning to emerge as critical mediators of autoimmunity in females. Here, we ask how epigenetic features of the Xi change during disease development in B cells from the NZB/W F1 spontaneous mouse model of lupus, which is female-biased. We find that Xist RNA becomes increasingly mislocalized from the Xi with disease onset. While NZB/W F1 naïve B cells have H3K27me3 foci on the Xi, which are missing from healthy C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, these foci are progressively lost in stimulated B cells during disease. Using single-molecule RNA FISH, we show that the X-linked gene Tlr7 is biallelically expressed in ~20% of NZB/W F1 B cells, and that the amount of biallelic expression does not change with disease. We also present sex-specific gene expression profiles for diseased NZB/W F1 B cells, and find female-specific upregulation of 20 genes, including the autoimmunity-related genes Cxcl13, Msr1, Igj, and Prdm1. Together, these studies provide important insight into the loss of epigenetic modifications from the Xi and changes with gene expression in a mouse model of female-biased SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Syrett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Beethem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee H Dubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Gary EN, Kutzler MA. Defensive Driving: Directing HIV-1 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity to the Mucosa with Chemokine Adjuvants. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3734207. [PMID: 30648120 PMCID: PMC6311813 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3734207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A myriad of pathogens gain access to the host via the mucosal route; thus, vaccinations that protect against mucosal pathogens are critical. Pathogens such as HIV, HSV, and influenza enter the host at mucosal sites such as the intestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts. All currently licensed vaccines mediate protection by inducing the production of antibodies which can limit pathogen replication at the site of infection. Unfortunately, parenteral vaccination rarely induces the production of an antigen-specific antibody at mucosal surfaces and thus relies on transudation of systemically generated antibody to mucosal surfaces to mediate protection. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) consist of a complex network of immune organs and tissues that orchestrate the interaction between the host, commensal microbes, and pathogens at these surfaces. This complexity necessitates strict control of the entry and exit of lymphocytes in the MALT. This control is mediated by chemoattractant chemokines or cytokines which recruit immune cells expressing the cognate receptors and adhesion molecules. Exploiting mucosal chemokine trafficking pathways to mobilize specific subsets of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues in the context of vaccination has improved immunogenicity and efficacy in preclinical models. This review describes the novel use of MALT chemokines as vaccine adjuvants. Specific attention will be placed upon the use of such adjuvants to enhance HIV-specific mucosal humoral immunity in the context of prophylactic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N. Gary
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Chen D, Zhang J, Peng W, Weng C, Chen J. Urinary C‑X‑C motif chemokine 13 is a noninvasive biomarker of antibody‑mediated renal allograft rejection. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2399-2406. [PMID: 29956754 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring methods of immune status are preferred by transplant recipients. The present study investigated whether urinary C‑X‑C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) had the potential to reflect ongoing immune processes within renal allografts. Using an ELISA assay, the level of urinary CXCL13 was quantified in a total of 146 renal allograft recipients and 40 healthy controls at scheduled intervals and at the time of the indicated or protocol biopsy. The results of the present study revealed that urinary CXCL13/creatinine (Cr) was lower in normal transplants compared with in those with acute tubular necrosis (ATN; P=0.001), chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN; P=0.01), and acute rejection (AR; P<0.0001), which was associated with a good diagnostic performance for AR [area under the curve (AUC)=0.818, P<0.0001). In addition, urinary CXCL13/Cr levels in patients with AR were also higher than that of patients with graft dysfunction but no rejection, including ATN and CAN (P=0.034). Notably, urinary CXCL13 distinguished between acute antibody‑mediated rejection (ABMR) and acute cellular rejection, with an AUC of 0.856. Furthermore, patients with steroid‑resistant AR exhibited significantly increased urinary CXCL13/Cr levels than patients with reversible AR (P=0.001). Additionally, elevated levels of urinary CXCL13/Cr within the first month of transplant were predictive of graft function at 3 and 6 months (P=0.044 and P=0.04, respectively). Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that the noninvasive investigation of urinary CXCL13/Cr may be valuable for the detection of AR, particularly ABMR. In addition, high urinary CXCL13/Cr levels predicted a poor response to steroid treatment and compromised graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Peng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Heterodimer formation by Oct4 and Smad3 differentially regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated factors in breast cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [PMID: 29526821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional cytokine TGF-β crucially participates in breast cancer (BCa) metastasis and works differently in the disease stages, thus contributing in BCa progression. We address connections between TGF-β and the stem cell-related transcription factor (TF) Oct4 in BCa. In 147 BCa patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma, we identified a significantly higher number of cases with both moderate/high Oct4 expression and high TGF-β in late stages compared to early stages of the disease. In vitro studies showed that TGF-β elevated Oct4 expression, which in turn, regulated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT)-regulatory gene (Snail and Slug) expression, migratory ability, chemotactic invasiveness and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation potential of BCa cells. Putative binding sites for Oct4 on the snail, slug and cxcl13 promoters and for Smad3 on the snail and slug promoters were identified. Promoter activities of snail and slug were greater in dual-treated cells than only TGF-β-treated or Oct4-overexpressing cells. CXCL13 mRNA fold changes, however, were low in cells induced with TGF-β, compared to dual-treated or Oct4-overexpressing cells. Our co-IP studies confirmed that Oct4 and Smad3 form heterodimers that recognize specific promoter sequences to promote Snail and Slug expression, but which in turn, indirectly inhibits Smad3-mediated repression of CXCL13 expression, allowing Oct4 to act as a positive TF for CXCL13. Taken together, these data suggest that TGF-β signaling and Oct4 cooperate to induce expression of EMT-related genes Snail, Slug and CXCL13, which accelerates disease progression, particularly in the late stages, and may indicate a poor prognosis for BCa patients.
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Lu Y, Tan CTY, Nyunt MSZ, Mok EWH, Camous X, Kared H, Fulop T, Feng L, Ng TP, Larbi A. Inflammatory and immune markers associated with physical frailty syndrome: findings from Singapore longitudinal aging studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28783-95. [PMID: 27119508 PMCID: PMC5045356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic systematic inflammation and reduced immune system fitness are considered potential contributing factors to the development of age-related frailty, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. This exploratory study aimed to identify frailty-related inflammatory markers and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 55 years. Frailty was assessed using two models, a Frailty Index and a categorical phenotype, and correlated with levels of circulating immune biomarkers and markers of senescence in immune cell subsets. We identified eight serological biomarkers that were associated with frailty, including sgp130, IL-2Rα, I-309, MCP-1, BCA-1, RANTES, leptin, and IL-6R. Frailty Index was inversely predicted by the frequency of CD3+, CD45RA+, and central memory CD4 cells, and positively predicted by the loss of CD28 expression, especially in CD8+ T cells, while frailty status was predicted by the frequency of terminal effector CD8+ T cells. In γ/δ T cells, frailty was negatively associated with CD27, and positively associated with IFNγ+TNFα- secretion by γ/δ2+ cells and IFNγ-TNFα+ secretion by γ/δ2- cells. Increased numbers of exhausted and CD38+ B cells, as well as CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes, were also identified as frailty-associated phenotypes. This pilot study supports an association between inflammation, cellular immunity, and the process of frailty. These findings have significance for the early identification of frailty using circulating biomarkers prior to clinical manifestations of severe functional decline in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Wing Hei Mok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xavier Camous
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hassen Kared
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liang Feng
- Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Chapman KZ, Ge R, Monni E, Tatarishvili J, Ahlenius H, Arvidsson A, Ekdahl CT, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Inflammation without neuronal death triggers striatal neurogenesis comparable to stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 83:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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LPA Promotes T Cell Recruitment through Synthesis of CXCL13. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:248492. [PMID: 26339130 PMCID: PMC4539179 DOI: 10.1155/2015/248492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid playing an important role in various inflammatory diseases by inducing expression and secretion of many inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Here we report in a murine air pouch model of inflammation that LPA induced CXCL13 secretion in a time-dependent manner and with exacerbation of the response when LPA was administered after a pretreatment with TNF-α, a key inflammatory cytokine. LPA mediates recruitment of leukocytes, including that of CD3+ cells into unprimed and TNF-α-primed air pouches. CXCL13 neutralization using a blocking antibody injected into air pouches prior to administration of LPA into TNF-α-primed air pouches decreased CD3+ cell influx. Our data highlight that LPA-mediated CXCL13 secretion plays a role in T cell recruitment and participates in regulation of the inflammatory response.
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Smith-McCune K, Chen JC, Greenblatt RM, Shanmugasundaram U, Shacklett BL, Hilton JF, Johnson B, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Unexpected Inflammatory Effects of Intravaginal Gels (Universal Placebo Gel and Nonoxynol-9) on the Upper Female Reproductive Tract: A Randomized Crossover Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129769. [PMID: 26177352 PMCID: PMC4503751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravaginal anti-HIV microbicides could provide women with a self-controlled means for HIV prevention, but results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing. We postulated that unrecognized effects of intravaginal gels on the upper female reproductive tract might contribute to the lower-than-expected efficacy of HIV microbicides. Our objective was to study the effects of intravaginal gels on the immune microenvironment of the cervix and uterus. In this randomized crossover study, 27 healthy female volunteers used a nightly application of intravaginal nonoxynol-9 (N9) gel as a "failed" microbicide or the universal placebo gel (UPG) as a "safe" gel (intervention cycles), or nothing (control cycle) from the end of menses to the mid-luteal phase. At a specific time-point following ovulation, all participants underwent sample collection for measurements of T-cell phenotypes, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine protein concentrations from 3 anatomic sites above the vagina: the cervical transformation zone, the endocervix and the endometrium. We used hierarchical statistical models to estimate mean (95% CI) intervention effects, for N9 and UPG relative to control. Exposure to N9 gel and UPG generated a common "harm signal" that included transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory genes chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (macrophage inflammatory factor-3alpha) and interleukin 8 in the cervix, decreased protein concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory mediators glycodelin-A and osteopontin in the endometrium. These results need to be replicated with a larger sample, but underscore the need to consider the effects of microbicide agents and gel excipients on the upper female reproductive tract in studies of vaginal microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith-McCune
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph C. Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Uma Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joan F. Hilton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brittni Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Irwin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Chen L, Huang Z, Yao G, Lyu X, Li J, Hu X, Cai Y, Li W, Li X, Ye C. The expression of CXCL13 and its relation to unfavorable clinical characteristics in young breast cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:168. [PMID: 25990390 PMCID: PMC4471911 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young breast cancer occupies a higher and higher proportion of breast cancer, especially in Asia, and is associated with a more unfavorable prognosis compared with the disease arising in older women. However, the poor prognosis of young breast cancer cannot be fully explained by the clinical and molecular factors. Methods This study investigated 1125 Chinese breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013. A data mining of gene expression profiles was performed for the young and older breast cancer patients, identifying significantly differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay were carried out for the clinical sample validations. Results The investigation firstly displayed that young patients (≤45 years) accounted for 47.6 % (535/1125) of breast cancer, and clinically associated with some unfavorable factors related to poor prognosis, such as invasive pathological type, high tumor grade, lymph node positive, ER negative and triple-negative subtype. Subsequently, 553 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified by the data mining. Of them, a set of genes related to immune function were observed to be up-regulated in young patients with breast cancer. Impressively, the CXCL13 (C-X-C motif chemokine 13) expression level showed the most significant difference (FC = 2.64, P = 8.2 × 10−4). Furthermore, the validations with clinical samples and correlation analysis demonstrated that CXCL13 was indeed highly expressed in young breast cancer and closely associated with some prognostic factors including lymph node positive and ER negative. Conclusion This is the first to indicate the clinical relevance of CXCL13 to young breast cancer and represents a potential therapeutic target for young breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0521-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Chen
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbang Li
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahong Cai
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenji Li
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Research Institute and the Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changsheng Ye
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Klimatcheva E, Pandina T, Reilly C, Torno S, Bussler H, Scrivens M, Jonason A, Mallow C, Doherty M, Paris M, Smith ES, Zauderer M. CXCL13 antibody for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:6. [PMID: 25879435 PMCID: PMC4329654 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostatic B Cell-Attracting chemokine 1 (BCA-1) otherwise known as CXCL13 is constitutively expressed in secondary lymphoid organs by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and macrophages. It is the only known ligand for the CXCR5 receptor, which is expressed on mature B cells, follicular helper T cells (Tfh), Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Aberrant expression of CXCL13 within ectopic germinal centers has been linked to the development of autoimmune disorders (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis). We, therefore, hypothesized that antibody-mediated disruption of the CXCL13 signaling pathway would interfere with the formation of ectopic lymphoid follicles in the target organs and inhibit autoimmune disease progression. This work describes pre-clinical development of human anti-CXCL13 antibody MAb 5261 and includes therapeutic efficacy data of its mouse counterpart in murine models of autoimmunity. RESULTS We developed a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, MAb 5261 that specifically binds to human, rodent and primate CXCL13 with an affinity of approximately 5 nM and is capable of neutralizing the activity of CXCL13 from these various species in in vitro functional assays. For in vivo studies we have engineered a chimeric antibody to contain the same human heavy and light chain variable genes along with mouse constant regions. Treatment with this antibody led to a reduction in the number of germinal centers in mice immunized with 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (NP-KLH) and, in adoptive transfer studies, interfered with the trafficking of B cells to the B cell areas of mouse spleen. Furthermore, this mouse anti-CXCL13 antibody demonstrated efficacy in a mouse model of Rheumatoid arthritis (Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA)) and Th17-mediated murine model of Multiple Sclerosis (passively-induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)). CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel therapeutic antibody targeting CXCL13-mediated signaling pathway for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL13/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL13/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Genetic Engineering
- Germinal Center/drug effects
- Hemocyanins/chemistry
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/therapy
- Nitrophenols/chemistry
- Nitrophenols/immunology
- Phenylacetates/chemistry
- Phenylacetates/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Pandina
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | | | - Sebold Torno
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Holm Bussler
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Maria Scrivens
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Alan Jonason
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Crystal Mallow
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Michael Doherty
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Mark Paris
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Ernest S Smith
- Vaccinex, Inc, 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
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ECR-MAPK regulation in liver early development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:850802. [PMID: 25580437 PMCID: PMC4281454 DOI: 10.1155/2014/850802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early growth is connected to a key link between embryonic development and aging. In this paper, liver gene expression profiles were assayed at postnatal day 22 and week 16 of age. Meanwhile another independent animal experiment and cell culture were carried out for validation. Significance analysis of microarrays, qPCR verification, drug induction/inhibition assays, and metabonomics indicated that alpha-2u globulin (extracellular region)-socs2 (-SH2-containing signals/receptor tyrosine kinases)-ppp2r2a/pik3c3 (MAPK signaling)-hsd3b5/cav2 (metabolism/organization) plays a vital role in early development. Taken together, early development of male rats is ECR and MAPK-mediated coordination of cancer-like growth and negative regulations. Our data represent the first comprehensive description of early individual development, which could be a valuable basis for understanding the functioning of the gene interaction network of infant development.
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Exploring the CXCR3 Chemokine Receptor with Small-Molecule Antagonists and Agonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Waldner M, Obenauf AC, Angell H, Fredriksen T, Lafontaine L, Berger A, Bruneval P, Fridman WH, Becker C, Pagès F, Speicher MR, Trajanoski Z, Galon J. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intratumoral immune cells reveal the immune landscape in human cancer. Immunity 2013; 39:782-95. [PMID: 24138885 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2510] [Impact Index Per Article: 228.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The complex interactions between tumors and their microenvironment remain to be elucidated. Combining large-scale approaches, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of 28 different immune cell types (immunome) infiltrating tumors. We found that the immune infiltrate composition changed at each tumor stage and that particular cells had a major impact on survival. Densities of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and innate cells increased, whereas most T cell densities decreased along with tumor progression. The number of B cells, which are key players in the core immune network and are associated with prolonged survival, increased at a late stage and showed a dual effect on recurrence and tumor progression. The immune control relevance was demonstrated in three endoscopic orthotopic colon-cancer mouse models. Genomic instability of the chemokine CXCL13 was a mechanism associated with Tfh and B cell infiltration. CXCL13 and IL21 were pivotal factors for the Tfh/B cell axis correlating with survival. This integrative study reveals the immune landscape in human colorectal cancer and the major hallmarks of the microenvironment associated with tumor progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM U872, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris 75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France; Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris 75006, France
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van der Aa LM, Chadzinska M, Derks W, Scheer M, Levraud JP, Boudinot P, Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade BM. Diversification of IFNγ-inducible CXCb chemokines in cyprinid fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:243-253. [PMID: 22705555 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We earlier identified two CXCL8-like lineages in cyprinid fish, which are functional homologues of the mammalian CXCL8, but with diverged functions. We here investigated whether the carp IFN-γ-inducible CXCb gene, related to the mammalian CXCL9, -10 and -11 chemokines, was subject to a similar diversification. On the zebrafish genome, a cluster of seven CXCb genes was found on chromosome five. Analysis of the promoter of the zebrafish CXCb genes suggests a partially shared, but differential induction. A second CXCb gene, CXCb2, was identified in common carp by homology cloning. CXCb2 is constitutively expressed in immune-related tissues, predominantly in head kidney lymphocytes/monocytes. Interestingly, an induction of CXCb2 gene expression with recombinant carp IFN-γ2 and LPS was observed in macrophages and granulocytes. Finally, difference in sensitivity to LPS, and kinetics of CXCb1 and CXCb2 gene expression during zymosan-induced peritonitis, was observed. These results indicate a functional diversification for cyprinid CXCb chemokines, with functional homology to mammalian CXCL9-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke M van der Aa
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Jöhrer K, Hofbauer SW, Zelle-Rieser C, Greil R, Hartmann TN. Chemokine-dependent B cell-T cell interactions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma - targets for therapeutic intervention? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:425-41. [PMID: 22332909 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.664128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokines and their receptors play essential roles in the development, maintenance and proper functioning of the immune system. B cell-T cell interactions are modulated by chemokines. In B cell malignancies, these interactions may have tumor-promoting consequences. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes physiological B cell-T cell interactions and discusses their pathological role in the onset and progression of B cell malignancies with a special focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Experimental data on chemokine-guided B cell-T cell actions in B cell malignancies from murine models as well as in vitro data are summarized and their potential as future therapeutic targets is critically discussed. EXPERT OPINION Direct or indirect targeting of chemokine receptors involved in localization and T-cell-dependent activation of B lymphocytes can provide strong synergisms with conventional or immunomodulatory therapies by disrupting the microenvironmental conditions necessary for survival and proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes. However, further knowledge of these interactions between B and T cells is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Jenh CH, Cox MA, Cui L, Reich EP, Sullivan L, Chen SC, Kinsley D, Qian S, Kim SH, Rosenblum S, Kozlowski J, Fine JS, Zavodny PJ, Lundell D. A selective and potent CXCR3 antagonist SCH 546738 attenuates the development of autoimmune diseases and delays graft rejection. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:2. [PMID: 22233170 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCR3 receptor and its three interferon-inducible ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been implicated as playing a central role in directing a Th1 inflammatory response. Recent studies strongly support that the CXCR3 receptor is a very attractive therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, and to prevent transplant rejection. We describe here the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterizations of a novel and potent small molecule CXCR3 antagonist, SCH 546738. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated in vitro pharmacological properties of SCH 546738 by radioligand receptor binding and human activated T cell chemotaxis assays. In vivo efficacy of SCH 546738 was determined by mouse collagen-induced arthritis, rat and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and rat cardiac transplantation models. We show that SCH 546738 binds to human CXCR3 with a high affinity of 0.4 nM. In addition, SCH 546738 displaces radiolabeled CXCL10 and CXCL11 from human CXCR3 with IC50 ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 nM in a non-competitive manner. SCH 546738 potently and specifically inhibits CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis in human activated T cells with IC90 about 10 nM. SCH 546738 attenuates the disease development in mouse collagen-induced arthritis model. SCH 546738 also significantly reduces disease severity in rat and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Furthermore, SCH 546738 alone achieves dose-dependent prolongation of rat cardiac allograft survival. Most significantly, SCH 546738 in combination with CsA supports permanent engraftment. CONCLUSIONS SCH 546738 is a novel, potent and non-competitive small molecule CXCR3 antagonist. It is efficacious in multiple preclinical disease models. These results demonstrate that therapy with CXCR3 antagonists may serve as a new strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and to prevent transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Her Jenh
- Department of Respiratory and Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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III. Identification of novel CXCR3 chemokine receptor antagonists with a pyrazinyl–piperazinyl–piperidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6982-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Airoldi I, Ribatti D. Regulation of angiostatic chemokines driven by IL-12 and IL-27 in human tumors. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:875-82. [PMID: 21750124 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0511237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines have pleiotropic effects in regulating immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. CXC and CC chemokine families members and their receptors are able to exert a proangiogenic or an antiangiogenic effect in experimental models and in human tumors. In this review article, we have summarized literature data and our studies concerning the angiostatic activity of chemokines. Their angiostatic activity may be a result of a direct effect on the biological functions of endothelial cells and/or an effect on tumor cells inhibiting their capability to stimulate new blood vessel formation. Moreover, chemokines have a pro- and antitumor effect within the tumor microenvironment by regulating immune cell infiltration and its antitumor activities. We have focused our interest on the role of IL-12 and IL-27 in solid and hematological tumors, and we have suggested and discussed their potential use as antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of such tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Airoldi
- Department of Experimental and Laboratory Medicine, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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Ezzat MHM, EL-Gammasy TMA, Shaheen KYA, Shokr ESM. Elevated production of serum B-cell-attracting chemokine-1 (BCA-1/CXCL13) is correlated with childhood-onset lupus disease activity, severity, and renal involvement. Lupus 2011; 20:845-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203311398513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Objectives. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of systemic autoimmune disease in which cytokines such as B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) or CXC motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) play an important role as major regulators of B1 and B2 cell trafficking for activation of autoreactive T helper cells. CXCL13 can induce trafficking of the CXCR5+ T lymphocyte subset designated as follicular helper T lymphocytes which are specifically involved in autoantibody production during the development of lupus. Here, we ask whether serum levels of CXCL13 correlate with disease activity and severity and renal involvement in children with SLE. Methods. Serum samples from 40 children with SLE and 32 healthy controls were analyzed by ELISA for the concentrations of CXCL13. Results. Median (interquartile range (IQR) serum CXCL13 concentrations (pg/ml) were increasingly higher across the following groups: healthy controls (71.6 (66.6–81.8), SLE patients with inactive disease (140.8 (99.7–198.8), p = 0.0005 versus controls) and active disease (293.0 (105.5–489.8), p = 0.0001 versus controls) (inactive versus active; p < 0.0001). Concentrations of circulating CXCL13 correlated with SLEDAI ( r = 0.499, p = 0.029) and double-stranded DNA titers ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Moreover, median CXCL13 concentrations were higher in patients with renal involvement (270.6 (150.4–430.7) compared with those without renal involvement (120.6 (70.5–208.9). According to WHO pathological classification of lupus nephritis, median CXCL13 concentrations were higher in children with class III, IV and V nephritis compared with those with class I and II nephritis (333.9 (169.4–491.5) versus (180.4 (107.9–209.7). Conclusions. Our data indicate that an increased level of CXCL13 is a feature of SLE that correlates with disease activity and severity. CXCL13 expression in lupus nephritis represents a new pathogenetic mechanism of diagnostic and prognostic significance. The pharmacological regulation of CXCL13 and its receptor, CXCR5, expression may be a useful tool in the therapy of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MHM Ezzat
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - KYA Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wijtmans M, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Therapeutic Targeting of the CXCR3 Receptor. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527631995.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Kalinowska-Łyszczarz A, Szczuciński A, Pawlak MA, Losy J. Clinical study on CXCL13, CCL17, CCL20 and IL-17 as immune cell migration navigators in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2010; 300:81-5. [PMID: 20947098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a growing evidence for the role of chemokines in the pathology of multiple sclerosis. Recently, there has been great emphasis placed on humoral immunity and the T(H)-17 response, which has not yet been thoroughly described in MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of specific chemokines involved in B-cell migration (CXCL13) and in the T(H)-17 immune response (IL-17, CCL17, CCL20). METHODS Using ELISA, the chosen chemokine concentrations were measured in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing-remitting MS patients with both active and stable disease, and the relapse prediction rate was calculated. RESULTS We found that the CSF concentrations of CXCL13 in patients with RRMS both, during relapse and remission, were significantly higher than in controls. CCL17 and CCL20 were not detected in CSF in either of the groups, whereas serum CCL20 level was significantly higher in remission than during relapse. Intravenous methylprednisolone treatment of patients with relapse did not influence serum CXCL13 and CCL20 levels. However, it did lower CCL17 and IL-17 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS CXCL13 is an important mediator in MS that is strongly linked to the neuroinflammatory activity of the disease. However, more studies are needed for elucidating the roles of CCL17, CCL20 and IL-17 in MS pathology.
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Novel CXCR3 antagonists with a piperazinyl-piperidine core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5205-8. [PMID: 19647429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of an encoded combinatorial aryl piperazine library led to the identification of a novel series of potent piperazinyl-piperidine based CXCR3 antagonists. Analogs of the initial hit were synthesized via solid and solution phase methods to probe the influence of structure on the CXCR3 binding of these molecules. Various functional groups were found to contribute to the overall potency and essential molecular features were identified.
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Abstract
Chemokine receptors are expressed by many cells, including lymphoid cells, and function to mediate cell trafficking and localization. Normal B-cells have been reported to express CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6 and CCR7, however changes in chemokine receptor expression during B-cell development and in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BCLPDs) are incompletely understood, and could provide important information about normal B-cell development and about behavior of neoplastic B-cells. The objective was to perform a systematic study of chemokine receptor expression on B cells from normal subjects and from patients with a range of BCLPDs. Expression of the above chemokine receptors, and CCR5, were analyzed by flow cytometry on lymphocytes from normal controls (n=20), and samples of follicular centre cell lymphoma (FCCL, n=16), precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Prec-B-ALL, n=16), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n=21), small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL, n=9), hairy cell leukemia (HCL, n=10) and other miscellaneous disorders (n=9). Normal B cells were typically positive for CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR6, negative for CCR5 and variable for CCR7. Prec-B-ALL cells expressed CXCR4 but were negative for the other receptors. B-CLL cells lost expression of CCR6 but showed strong expression of CCR7. In contrast, SLL cells failed to express CCR7, but were otherwise similar to CLL cells. HCL cells showed absence of CXCR5 and CCR7, but interestingly all but one case expressed CCR5, whilst CD25-negative "variant" HCL cells did not express CCR5. FCCL cells down-regulated CXCR4 and CXCR5 expression and lost expression of CCR6 and CCR7. CXCR3 expression was highly variable on normal B-cells and on cells from BCLPDs, possibly due to its lability during processing. Distinct changes in chemokine receptor expression accompany B-cell development, whilst some BCLPDs show characteristic alterations that may be useful in phenotyping and in understanding biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Wong
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Institue of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Kim MJ, Romero R, Kim CJ, Tarca AL, Chhauy S, LaJeunesse C, Lee DC, Draghici S, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS, Kim JS. Villitis of unknown etiology is associated with a distinct pattern of chemokine up-regulation in the feto-maternal and placental compartments: implications for conjoint maternal allograft rejection and maternal anti-fetal graft-versus-host disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3919-27. [PMID: 19265171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The co-presence of histoincompatible fetal and maternal cells is a characteristic of human placental inflammation. Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), a destructive inflammatory lesion of villous placenta, is characterized by participation of Hofbauer cells (placental macrophages) and maternal T cells. In contrast to acute chorioamnionitis of infection-related origin, the fundamental immunopathology of VUE is unknown. This study was performed to investigate the placental transcriptome of VUE and to determine whether VUE is associated with systemic maternal and/or fetal inflammatory response(s). Comparison of the transcriptome between term placentas without and with VUE revealed differential expression of 206 genes associated with pathways related to immune response. The mRNA expression of a subset of chemokines and their receptors (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, CCL4, CCL5, CXCR3, CCR5) was higher in VUE placentas than in normal placentas (p < 0.05). Analysis of blood cell mRNA showed a higher expression of CXCL9 and CXCL13 in the mother, and CXCL11 and CXCL13 in the fetus of VUE cases (p < 0.05). The median concentrations of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in maternal and fetal plasma were higher in VUE (p < 0.05). Comparison of preterm cases without and with acute chorioamnionitis revealed elevated CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 concentrations in fetal plasma (p < 0.05), but not in maternal plasma with chorioamnionitis. We report for the first time the placental transcriptome of VUE. A systemic derangement of CXC chemokines in maternal and fetal circulation distinguishes VUE from acute chorioamnionitis. We propose that VUE be a unique state combining maternal allograft rejection and maternal antifetal graft-vs-host disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 and Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Accelerated prion replication in, but prolonged survival times of, prion-infected CXCR3-/- mice. J Virol 2008; 82:12464-71. [PMID: 18842729 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01371-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases have a significant inflammatory component. Glia activation, which is associated with increased production of cytokines and chemokines, may play an important role in disease development. Among the chemokines upregulated highly and early upregulated during scrapie infections are ligands of CXCR3. To gain more insight into the role of CXCR3 in a prion model, CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3(-/-)) mice were infected intracerebrally with scrapie strain 139A and characterized in comparison to similarly infected wild-type controls. CXCR3(-/-) mice showed significantly prolonged survival times of up to 30 days on average. Surprisingly, however, they displayed accelerated accumulation of misfolded proteinase K-resistant prion protein PrP(Sc) and 20 times higher infectious prion titers than wild-type mice at the asymptomatic stage of the disease, indicating that these PrP isoforms may not be critical determinants of survival times. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and gene expression analysis, CXCR3-deficient animals develop an excessive astrocytosis. However, microglia activation is reduced. Quantitative analysis of gliosis-associated gene expression alterations demonstrated reduced mRNA levels for a number of proinflammatory factors in CXCR3(-/-) compared to wild-type mice, indicating a weaker inflammatory response in the knockout mice. Taken together, this murine prion model identifies CXCR3 as disease-modifying host factor and indicates that inflammatory glial responses may act in concert with PrP(Sc) in disease development. Moreover, the results indicate that targeting CXCR3 for treatment of prion infections could prolong survival times, but the results also raise the concern that impairment of microglial migration by ablation or inhibition of CXCR3 could result in increased accumulation of misfolded PrP(Sc).
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Picchio MC, Scala E, Pomponi D, Caprini E, Frontani M, Angelucci I, Mangoni A, Lazzeri C, Perez M, Remotti D, Bonoldi E, Benucci R, Baliva G, Lombardo GA, Napolitano M, Russo G, Narducci MG. CXCL13 is highly produced by Sézary cells and enhances their migratory ability via a synergistic mechanism involving CCL19 and CCL21 chemokines. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7137-46. [PMID: 18757429 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine and chemokine receptors expressed by normal and neoplastic lymphocytes play a key role in cell recruitment into skin and lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to get further insights into the role of chemokines in pathogenesis and progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with particular regard to Sézary Syndrome (SS), a CTCL variant with blood involvement. Here, we show that functional CXCL13 homeostatic chemokine is strongly up-regulated in SS cells, well-detectable in skin lesions and lymph nodes, and measurable at high concentration in plasma of SS patients, at different levels during disease progression. Furthermore, we show that the addition of CXCL13 to CCL19 or to CCL21, the selective CCR7 agonists responsible for lymph node homing, strongly enhances the migration of CCR7+ SS cells. We also show that neutralization of the CCR7 receptor strongly impairs CCL19/21-induced chemotaxis of SS cells both in the absence or presence of CXCL13. Additional experiments performed to investigate the survival, adhesion, and metalloproteases secretion indicate that CXCL13 combined with CCL19 and CCL21 mainly affects the chemotaxis of SS cells. Our findings suggest that this newly described CXCL13 expression in SS represents a new pathogenetic mechanism of diagnostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Picchio
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, III Divisione Dermatologica, Rome, Italy
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Vandercappellen J, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 267:226-44. [PMID: 18579287 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors have been discovered as essential and selective mediators in leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites and to secondary lymphoid organs. Besides their functions in the immune system, they also play a critical role in tumor initiation, promotion and progression. There are four subgroups of chemokines: CXC, CC, CX(3)C, and C chemokine ligands. The CXC or alpha subgroup is further subdivided in the ELR(+) and ELR(-) chemokines. Members that contain the ELR motif bind to CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and are angiogenic. In contrast, most of the CXC chemokines without ELR motif bind to CXCR3 and are angiostatic. An exception is the angiogenic ELR(-)CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1), which binds to CXCR4 and CXCR7 and is implicated in tumor metastasis. This review is focusing on the role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, attraction of leukocytes to tumor sites and induction of tumor cell migration and homing in metastatic sites. Finally, their therapeutic use in cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Vandercappellen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Wijtmans M, Verzijl D, Leurs R, de Esch IJ, Smit M. Towards Small-Molecule CXCR3 Ligands with Clinical Potential. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:861-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Miu J, Mitchell AJ, Müller M, Carter SL, Manders PM, McQuillan JA, Saunders BM, Ball HJ, Lu B, Campbell IL, Hunt NH. Chemokine gene expression during fatal murine cerebral malaria and protection due to CXCR3 deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1217-30. [PMID: 18178862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) can be a fatal manifestation of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Using murine models of malaria, we found much greater up-regulation of a number of chemokine mRNAs, including those for CXCR3 and its ligands, in the brain during fatal murine CM (FMCM) than in a model of non-CM. Expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 RNA was localized predominantly to the cerebral microvessels and in adjacent glial cells, while expression of CCL5 was restricted mainly to infiltrating lymphocytes. The majority of mice deficient in CXCR3 were found to be protected from FMCM, and this protection was associated with a reduction in the number of CD8+ T cells in brain vessels as well as reduced expression of perforin and FasL mRNA. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice with FMCM abrogated this protection in CXCR3-/- mice. Moreover, there were decreased mRNA levels for the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and lymphotoxin-alpha in the brains of mice protected from FMCM. These data suggest a role for CXCR3 in the pathogenesis of FMCM through the recruitment and activation of pathogenic CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Miu
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Berencsi K, Meropol NJ, Hoffman JP, Sigurdson E, Giles L, Rani P, Somasundaram R, Zhang T, Kalabis J, Caputo L, Furth E, Swoboda R, Marincola F, Herlyn D. Colon carcinoma cells induce CXCL11-dependent migration of CXCR3-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes in organotypic culture. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:359-70. [PMID: 16783574 PMCID: PMC11029859 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been hampered by the inability of the CTL to home into tumors in vivo. Chemokines can attract T lymphocytes to the tumor site, as demonstrated in animal models, but the role of chemokines in T-lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the migration of a colon carcinoma (CC) patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel three-dimensional organotypic CC culture. CTL migration was mediated by chemokine receptor CXCR3 expressed by the CTL and CXCL11 chemokine secreted by the tumor cells. Excess CXCL11 or antibodies to CXCL11 or CXCR3 inhibited migration of CTL to tumor cells. T cell and tumor cell analyses for CXCR3 and CXCL11 expression, respectively, in ten additional CC samples, may suggest their involvement in other CC patients. Our studies, together with previous studies indicating angiostatic activity of CXCL11, suggest that CXCL11 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients when transduced into tumor cells or fused to tumor antigen-specific Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Berencsi
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Neal J. Meropol
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - John P. Hoffman
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Elin Sigurdson
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Lydia Giles
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Pyapalli Rani
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Tianqian Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jiri Kalabis
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Laura Caputo
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emma Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rolf Swoboda
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dorothee Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Stroke IL, Cole AG, Simhadri S, Brescia MR, Desai M, Zhang JJ, Merritt JR, Appell KC, Henderson I, Webb ML. Identification of CXCR3 receptor agonists in combinatorial small-molecule libraries. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:221-8. [PMID: 16930533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In a high-throughput screen of four million compounds from combinatorial libraries for small-molecule modulators of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, two classes of receptor agonists, based on tetrahydroisoquinoline and piperidinyl diazepanone templates, were identified. Several of these compounds stimulated calcium flux in HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant human CXCR3 receptor with efficacies and kinetics similar to those of native ligand CXCL11/I-TAC and stimulated chemotaxis of activated human T-cells. The agonist small molecules also inhibited binding of another CXCR3 ligand, CXCL10/IP-10, to the receptor. The response to small-molecule agonists was inhibited by a CXCR3-specific small-molecule antagonist previously identified within the same combinatorial compound collection but structurally unrelated to the agonists. Remarkably, while other, non-amino acid substituents were present in the majority of the library compounds screened, the agonists from both classes contained a positively charged amino acid component, with preference for Arg>Lys, as well as a hydrophobic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana L Stroke
- Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery, Inc., P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Richter R, Bistrian R, Escher S, Forssmann WG, Vakili J, Henschler R, Spodsberg N, Frimpong-Boateng A, Forssmann U. Quantum proteolytic activation of chemokine CCL15 by neutrophil granulocytes modulates mononuclear cell adhesiveness. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:1599-608. [PMID: 16034099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte infiltration into inflammatory sites is generally preceded by neutrophils. We show here that neutrophils may support this process by activation of CCL15, a human chemokine circulating in blood plasma. Neutrophils were found to release CCL15 proteolytic activity in the course of hemofiltration of blood from renal insufficiency patients. Processing of CCL15 immunoreactivity (IR) in the pericellular space is suggested by a lack of proteolytic activity in blood and blood filtrate, but a shift of the retention time (t(R)) of CCL15-IR, detected by chromatographic separation of CCL15-IR in blood and hemofiltrate. CCL15 molecules with N-terminal deletions of 23 (delta23) and 26 (delta26) aa were identified as main proteolytic products in hemofiltrate. Neutrophil cathepsin G was identified as the principal protease to produce delta23 and delta26 CCL15. Also, elastase displays CCL15 proteolytic activity and produces a delta21 isoform. Compared with full-length CCL15, delta23 and delta26 isoforms displayed a significantly increased potency to induce calcium fluxes and chemotactic activity on monocytes and to induce adhesiveness of mononuclear cells to fibronectin. Thus, our findings indicate that activation of monocytes by neutrophils is at least in part induced by quantum proteolytic processing of circulating or endothelium-bound CCL15 by neutrophil cathepsin G.
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Cox MA, Gomes B, Palmer K, Du K, Wiekowski M, Wilburn B, Petro M, Chou CC, Desquitado C, Schwarz M, Lunn C, Lundell D, Narula SK, Zavodny PJ, Jenh CH. The pyrimidinergic P2Y6 receptor mediates a novel release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in monocytic cells stimulated with UDP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:467-73. [PMID: 15796906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The human P2Y6 receptor (hP2Y6) is a member of the G protein-coupled pyrimidinergic P2 receptor family that responds specifically to the extracellular nucleotide uridine diphosphate (UDP). Recently, the hP2Y6 receptor has been reported to mediate monocyte IL-8 production in response to UDP or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the role of hP2Y6 in regulating other pro-inflammatory cytokines or mediators is largely unknown. We demonstrate here that UDP specifically induces soluble TNF-alpha and IL-8 production in a promonocytic U937 cell line stably transfected with hP2Y6. However, we did not detect IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and PGE2 in the conditioned media from the same cell line. These results distinguish UDP/P2Y6 signaling from LPS signaling. Interestingly, UDP induces the production of IL-8, but not TNF-alpha, in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cell lines stably transfected with hP2Y6. Therefore, the immune effect of UDP/P2Y6 signaling on the production of proinflammatory cytokines is selective and dependent on cell types. We further identify that UDP can also induce the production of proinflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in hP2Y6 transfected promonocytic U937 cell lines, but not astrocytoma 1321N1 cell lines stably transfected with hP2Y6. From the Taqman analysis, UDP stimulation significantly upregulates the mRNA levels of IL-8, IP-10, and IL-1beta, but not TNF-alpha. Taken together, these new findings expand the pro-inflammatory biology of UDP mediated by the P2Y6 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Cox
- Department of Inflammation and Infection, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Paoletti S, Petkovic V, Sebastiani S, Danelon MG, Uguccioni M, Gerber BO. A rich chemokine environment strongly enhances leukocyte migration and activities. Blood 2005; 105:3405-12. [PMID: 15546958 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe migration of leukocytes in immune surveillance and inflammation is largely determined by their response to chemokines. While the chemokine specificities and expression patterns of chemokine receptors are well defined, it is still a matter of debate how leukocytes integrate the messages provided by different chemokines that are concomitantly produced in physiologic or pathologic situations in vivo. We present evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism of leukocyte trafficking. Our data are consistent with a mode of action where CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) agonists and unrelated, nonagonist chemokines first form a heteromeric complex, in the presence of which the triggering of CCR7 can occur at a much lower agonist concentration. The increase is synergistic and can be evoked by many but not all chemokines. Chemokine-induced synergism might provide an amplification system in “chemokine-rich” tissues, rendering leukocytes more competent to respond to migratory cues.
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Abstract
The chemokine system controls leukocyte trafficking during homeostasis as well as during inflammation and is necessary for the linkage between innate and adaptive immunity. Tissue regulation outside the hematopoietic compartment, for instance, angiogenesis, organogenesis and tumor development, growth and metastasis, is another important function of the chemokine system. The chemokine-mediated regulation of angiogenesis is highly sophisticated and fine tuned, and involves pro-angiogenic chemokines, for instance, CXCL8/IL8 interacting with the CXCR2 receptor, and anti-angiogenic (i.e. angiostatic) chemokines, for instance, CXCL10/IP10 interacting with the CXCR3 receptor. Chemokines also regulate angiogenesis in a receptor-independent manner by means of a perturbation of bFGF and VEGF function. The current review focuses on the influence of the chemokine system in angiogenesis. Examples of the delicate angiogenesis regulation by the chemokine system in, for instance, wound healing and of the dysregulation in, for instance, tumor development are provided along with the interesting phenomenon of molecular piracy of host-encoded genes within the chemokine system. This phenomenon is a general strategy to circumvent and exploit the immune system -- and thereby improve survival -- for many viruses. Yet, a certain group of herpesviruses -- the gamma2-herpesviruses -- encode a functional CXCR2 receptor homolog that is activated by angiogenic chemokines and antagonized by angiostatic chemokines, and this particular gene seems to cause the development of a vascular tumor -- Kaposi's sarcoma -- in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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