1
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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2
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Li S, Ma J, Pang X, Liang Y, Li X, Wang M, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. Time-dependent Effects of Moderate- and High-intensity Exercises on Myocardial Transcriptomics. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1214-1225. [PMID: 36063823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a highly adaptable organ that responds to changes in functional requirements due to exposure to internal and external stimuli. Physical exercise has unique stimulatory effects on the myocardium in both healthy individuals and those with health disorders, where the effects are primarily determined by the intensity and recovery time of exercise. We investigated the time-dependent effects of different exercise intensities on myocardial transcriptional expression in rats. Moderate intensity exercise induced more differentially expressed genes in the myocardium than high intensity exercise, while 16 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated by moderate intensity exercise but up-regulated by high intensity exercise at 12 h post- exercise. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that moderate intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to heart adaptation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, while high intensity exercise specifically regulated gene expression related to immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there was increased expression of Tbx5, Casq1, Igsf1, and Ddah1 at all time points after moderate intensity exercise, while there was increased expression of Card9 at all time points after high intensity exercise. Our study provides a better understanding of the intensity dependent effects of physical exercise of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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3
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Sankar S, Jayabalan M, Venkatesh S, Ibrahim M. Effect of hyperglycemia on tbx5a and nppa gene expression and its correlation to structural and functional changes in developing zebrafish heart. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2173-2184. [PMID: 36069519 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to analyze the effects of gestational diabetes on structural and functional changes in correlation with these two essential regulators of developing hearts in vivo using zebrafish embryos. We employed fertilized zebrafish embryos exposed to a hyperglycemic condition of 25 mM glucose for 96 h postfertilization. The embryos were subjected to various structural and functional analyses in a time-course manner. The data showed that exposure to high glucose significantly affected the embryo's size, heart length, heart rate, and looping of the heart compared to the control. Further, we observed an increased incidence of ventricular standstill and valvular regurgitation with a marked reduction of peripheral blood flow in the high glucose-exposed group compared to the control. In addition, the histological data showed that the high-glucose exposure markedly reduced the thickness of the wall and the number of cardiomyocytes in both atrium and ventricles. We also observed striking alterations in the pericardium like edema, increase in diameter with thinning of the wall compared to the control group. Interestingly, the expression of tbx5a and nppa was increased in the early development and found to be repressed in the later stage of development in the hyperglycemic group compared to the control. In conclusion, the developing heart is more susceptible to hyperglycemia in the womb, thereby showing various developmental defects possibly by altering the expression of crucial gene regulators such as tbx5a and nppa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruthi Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monisha Jayabalan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Muhammed Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Li S, Yang Q, Jiao R, Xu P, Sun Y, Li X. m6A Topological Transition Coupled to Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression During Mammalian Tissue Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:916423. [PMID: 35865625 PMCID: PMC9294180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification and reversible epitranscriptomic mark in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays essential roles in a variety of biological processes. However, the dynamic distribution patterns of m6A and their significance during mammalian tissue development are poorly understood. Here, we found that based on m6A distribution patterns, protein-coding genes were classified into five groups with significantly distinct biological features and functions. Strikingly, comparison of the m6A methylomes of multiple mammalian tissues between fetal and adult stages revealed dynamic m6A topological transition during mammalian tissue development, and identified large numbers of genes with significant m6A loss in 5′UTRs or m6A gain around stop codons. The genes with m6A loss in 5′UTRs were highly enriched in developmental stage-specific genes, and their m6A topological transitions were strongly associated with gene expression regulation during tissue development. The genes with m6A gain around the stop codons were associated with tissue-specific functions. Our findings revealed the existence of different m6A topologies among protein-coding genes that were associated with distinct characteristics. More importantly, these genes with m6A topological transitions were crucial for tissue development via regulation of gene expression, suggesting the importance of dynamic m6A topological transitions during mammalian tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
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5
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chen W, Wang F, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Zhang R, Qiao Y, Yuan Y, Lin Y, Xu W, Cao J, Gui Y, Zhao J. Gestational Leucylation Suppresses Embryonic T-Box Transcription Factor 5 Signal and Causes Congenital Heart Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201034. [PMID: 35320615 PMCID: PMC9130917 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated maternal nutrition, such as vitamin deficiencies and excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids, increases the risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) in the offspring. However, the association between maternal amino-acid levels and CHD is unclear. Here, it is shown that increased leucine levels in maternal plasma during the first trimester are associated with elevated CHD risk in the offspring. High levels of maternal leucine increase embryonic lysine-leucylation (K-Leu), which is catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS). LARS preferentially binds to and catalyzes K-Leu modification of lysine 339 within T-box transcription factor TBX5, whereas SIRT3 removes K-Leu from TBX5. Reversible leucylation retains TBX5 in the cytoplasm and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Increasing embryonic K-Leu levels in high-leucine-diet fed or Sirt3 knockout mice causes CHD in the offspring. Targeting K-Leu using the leucine analogue leucinol can inhibit LARS activity, reverse TBX5 K-Leu modification, and decrease the occurrence of CHD in high-leucine-diet fed mice. This study reveals that increased maternal leucine levels increases CHD risk in the offspring through inhibition of embryonic TBX5 signaling, indicating that leucylation exerts teratogenic effects during heart development and may be an intervening target of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Lian Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Cheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Rong Cheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Meng Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yang‐Fan Lai
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Jia Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Qiao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Yuan Yuan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yong‐Hao Gui
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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6
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Iop L, Iliceto S, Civieri G, Tona F. Inherited and Acquired Rhythm Disturbances in Sick Sinus Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, and Atrial Fibrillation: Lessons from Preclinical Modeling. Cells 2021; 10:3175. [PMID: 34831398 PMCID: PMC8623957 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm disturbances are life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, accounting for many deaths annually worldwide. Abnormal electrical activity might arise in a structurally normal heart in response to specific triggers or as a consequence of cardiac tissue alterations, in both cases with catastrophic consequences on heart global functioning. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology of rhythm disturbances is fundamental to increase the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models found variable application to dissect many congenital and acquired rhythm disturbances. In the copious list of rhythm disturbances, diseases of the conduction system, as sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation, have found extensive preclinical modeling. In addition, the electrical remodeling as a result of other cardiovascular diseases has also been investigated in models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac fibrosis, as well as arrhythmias induced by other non-cardiac pathologies, stress, and drug cardiotoxicity. This review aims to offer a critical overview on the effective ability of in silico bioinformatic tools, in vivo animal studies, in vitro models to provide insights on human heart rhythm pathophysiology in case of sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation and advance their safe and successful translation into the cardiology arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
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7
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Krane M, Dreßen M, Santamaria G, My I, Schneider CM, Dorn T, Laue S, Mastantuono E, Berutti R, Rawat H, Gilsbach R, Schneider P, Lahm H, Schwarz S, Doppler SA, Paige S, Puluca N, Doll S, Neb I, Brade T, Zhang Z, Abou-Ajram C, Northoff B, Holdt LM, Sudhop S, Sahara M, Goedel A, Dendorfer A, Tjong FVY, Rijlaarsdam ME, Cleuziou J, Lang N, Kupatt C, Bezzina C, Lange R, Bowles NE, Mann M, Gelb BD, Crotti L, Hein L, Meitinger T, Wu S, Sinnecker D, Gruber PJ, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Sequential Defects in Cardiac Lineage Commitment and Maturation Cause Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Circulation 2021; 144:1409-1428. [PMID: 34694888 PMCID: PMC8542085 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex molecular programs in specific cell lineages govern human heart development. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is the most common and severe manifestation within the spectrum of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects occurring in association with ventricular hypoplasia. The pathogenesis of HLHS is unknown, but hemodynamic disturbances are assumed to play a prominent role. METHODS To identify perturbations in gene programs controlling ventricular muscle lineage development in HLHS, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 87 HLHS parent-offspring trios, nuclear transcriptomics of cardiomyocytes from ventricles of 4 patients with HLHS and 15 controls at different stages of heart development, single cell RNA sequencing, and 3D modeling in induced pluripotent stem cells from 3 patients with HLHS and 3 controls. RESULTS Gene set enrichment and protein network analyses of damaging de novo mutations and dysregulated genes from ventricles of patients with HLHS suggested alterations in specific gene programs and cellular processes critical during fetal ventricular cardiogenesis, including cell cycle and cardiomyocyte maturation. Single-cell and 3D modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrated intrinsic defects in the cell cycle/unfolded protein response/autophagy hub resulting in disrupted differentiation of early cardiac progenitor lineages leading to defective cardiomyocyte subtype differentiation/maturation in HLHS. Premature cell cycle exit of ventricular cardiomyocytes from patients with HLHS prevented normal tissue responses to developmental signals for growth, leading to multinucleation/polyploidy, accumulation of DNA damage, and exacerbated apoptosis, all potential drivers of left ventricular hypoplasia in absence of hemodynamic cues. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that despite genetic heterogeneity in HLHS, many mutations converge on sequential cellular processes primarily driving cardiac myogenesis, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Christine M Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Laue
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- German Heart Center Munich, and Institute of Human Genetics (E.M., R.B., T.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (E.M., R.B., T.M.)
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- German Heart Center Munich, and Institute of Human Genetics (E.M., R.B., T.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (E.M., R.B., T.M.)
| | - Hilansi Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G., P.S., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (R.G.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (R.G.)
| | - Pedro Schneider
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G., P.S., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Schwarz
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany (S. Schwarz, S. Sudhop)
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon Paige
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (S.P., S.W.)
| | - Nazan Puluca
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Doll
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (S.D., M.M.)
| | - Irina Neb
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brade
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Abou-Ajram
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Northoff
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine (B.N., L.M.H.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine (B.N., L.M.H.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER), Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany (S. Schwarz, S. Sudhop)
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (M.S.)
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.).,Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.D.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Fleur V Y Tjong
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.V.Y.T., C.B.)
| | - Maria E Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (M.E.R.)
| | - Julie Cleuziou
- Department of Congenital and Paediatric Heart Surgery, Institute Insure (J.C.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Lang
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects (N.L.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
| | - Connie Bezzina
- Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (F.V.Y.T., C.B.)
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (M.K., M.D., H.L., S.A.D., N.P., I.N., Z.Z., C.A.-A., R.L.),Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
| | - Neil E Bowles
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (N.E.B.)
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (S.D., M.M.)
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (B.D.G.)
| | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (L.C.).,Cardiomyopathies Unit, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy (L.C.).,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (L.C.)
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G., P.S., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS, Center for Biological Signaling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Heart Center Munich, and Institute of Human Genetics (E.M., R.B., T.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.).,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (E.M., R.B., T.M.)
| | - Sean Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (S.P., S.W.)
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
| | - Peter J Gruber
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT (P.J.G.)
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology (G.S., I.M., C.M.S., T.D., S.L., E.M., H.R., T.B., A.G., C.K., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)-partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.K., A.D., C.K., R.L., T.M., D.S., K.-L.L., A.M.)
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8
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Anterior lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to multiple tissues and requires tbx5a function in left-right asymmetry, migration dynamics, and cell specification of late-addition cardiac cells. Dev Biol 2021; 472:52-66. [PMID: 33482174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate a single cell resolution fate map in the zebrafish in a sub-section of the anterior Lateral Plate Mesoderm (aLPM) at 18 hpf. Our results show that this tissue is not organized into segregated regions but gives rise to intermingled pericardial sac, peritoneum, pharyngeal arch and cardiac precursors. We further report upon asymmetrical contributions of lateral aLPM-derived heart precursors-specifically that twice as many heart precursors arise from the right side versus the left side of the embryo. Cell tracking analyses and large-scale cell labeling of the lateral aLPM corroborate these differences and show that the observed asymmetries are dependent upon Tbx5a expression. Previously, it was shown that cardiac looping was affected in Tbx5a knock-down and knock-out zebrafish (Garrity et al., 2002; Parrie et al., 2013); our present data also implicate tbx5a function in cell specification, establishment and maintenance of cardiac left-right asymmetry.
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9
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Kumar P, Ghosh A, Sundaresan L, Kathirvel P, Sankaranarayanan K, Chatterjee S. Ectopic release of nitric oxide modulates the onset of cardiac development in avian model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:593-603. [PMID: 32959218 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart development is one of the earliest developmental events, and its pumping action is directly linked to the intensity of development of other organs. Heart contractions mediate the circulation of the nutrients and signalling molecules to the focal points of developing embryos. In the present study, we used in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods for chick embryo model to characterize and identify molecular targets under the influence of ectopic nitric oxide in reference to cardiogenesis. Spermine NONOate (SpNO) treatment of 10 μM increased the percentage of chick embryos having beating heart at 40th h of incubation by 2.2-fold (p < 0.001). In an ex vivo chick embryo culture, SpNO increased the percentage of embryos having beats by 1.56-fold (p < 0.05) compared with control after 2 h of treatment. Total body weight of SpNO-treated chick embryos at the Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 29 was increased by 1.22-fold (p < 0.005). Cardiac field potential (FP) recordings of chick embryo at HH29 showed 2.5-fold (p < 0.001) increased in the amplitude, 3.2-fold (p < 0.001) increased in frequency of SpNO-treated embryos over that of the control group, whereas FP duration was unaffected. In cultured cardiac progenitors cells (CPCs), SpNO treatment decreased apoptosis and cell death by twofold (p < 0.001) and 1.7-fold (p < 0.001), respectively. Transcriptome analysis of chick embryonic heart isolated from HH15 stage pre-treated with SpNO at HH8 stage showed upregulation of genes involved in heart morphogenesis, heart contraction, cardiac cell development, calcium signalling, structure, and development whereas downregulated genes were enriched under the terms extracellular matrix, wnt pathway, and BMP pathway. The key upstream molecules predicted to be activated were p38 MAPK, MEF2C, TBX5, and GATA4 while KDM5α, DNMT3A, and HNF1α were predicted to be inhibited. This study suggests that the ectopic nitric oxide modulates the onset of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Kumar
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, M.I.T Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
| | - Anuran Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmikirupa Sundaresan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, M.I.T Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, M.I.T Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Huang W, Li P, Qiu X. [A Literature Review on the Role of TBX5 in Expression and Progression of Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:883-888. [PMID: 32810974 PMCID: PMC7583881 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T-box转录因子(T-box transcription factor gene, TBX)基因涉及器官的发生,TBX5在人的正常心脏和肺组织中表达水平最高。TBX5的缺乏可能导致胸廓发育畸形和膈肌发育异常,其异位表达和过表达会诱导细胞凋亡和抑制细胞生长。既往研究发现了TBX5在食管腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌的发生和发展中的潜在作用。我们对TBX2亚家族的基因表达和预后之间的关系进行了综述,同时探究TBX5在调控肺癌发生发展机制中的研究进展。虽然TBX5和肺癌发生之间的关系尚不明确,不过TBX5可以显著抑制人体内肿瘤生长,其表达水平和肺癌的进展呈现负相关。由此,TBX5的基因表达水平和甲基化程度是潜在的表证肺癌增殖和转移的生物标志物,具有作为肺癌治疗靶点的潜力。
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Huang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiu
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Boogerd CJ, Zhu X, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Zhang L, Sobreira DR, Montefiori L, Bogomolovas J, Joslin AC, Zhou B, Chen J, Nobrega MA, Evans SM. Tbx20 Is Required in Mid-Gestation Cardiomyocytes and Plays a Central Role in Atrial Development. Circ Res 2019; 123:428-442. [PMID: 29903739 PMCID: PMC6092109 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.311339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Mutations in the transcription factor TBX20 (T-box 20) are associated with congenital heart disease. Germline ablation of Tbx20 results in abnormal heart development and embryonic lethality by embryonic day 9.5. Because Tbx20 is expressed in multiple cell lineages required for myocardial development, including pharyngeal endoderm, cardiogenic mesoderm, endocardium, and myocardium, the cell type–specific requirement for TBX20 in early myocardial development remains to be explored. Objective: Here, we investigated roles of TBX20 in midgestation cardiomyocytes for heart development. Methods and Results: Ablation of Tbx20 from developing cardiomyocytes using a doxycycline inducible cTnTCre transgene led to embryonic lethality. The circumference of developing ventricular and atrial chambers, and in particular that of prospective left atrium, was significantly reduced in Tbx20 conditional knockout mutants. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated reduced proliferation of Tbx20 mutant cardiomyocytes and their arrest at the G1-S phase transition. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of mutant cardiomyocytes revealed differential expression of multiple genes critical for cell cycle regulation. Moreover, atrial and ventricular gene programs seemed to be aberrantly regulated. Putative direct TBX20 targets were identified using TBX20 ChIP-Seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation with high throughput sequencing) from embryonic heart and included key cell cycle genes and atrial and ventricular specific genes. Notably, TBX20 bound a conserved enhancer for a gene key to atrial development and identity, COUP-TFII/Nr2f2 (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 2/nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2). This enhancer interacted with the NR2F2 promoter in human cardiomyocytes and conferred atrial specific gene expression in a transgenic mouse in a TBX20-dependent manner. Conclusions: Myocardial TBX20 directly regulates a subset of genes required for fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation, including those required for the G1-S transition. TBX20 also directly downregulates progenitor-specific genes and, in addition to regulating genes that specify chamber versus nonchamber myocardium, directly activates genes required for establishment or maintenance of atrial and ventricular identity. TBX20 plays a previously unappreciated key role in atrial development through direct regulation of an evolutionarily conserved COUPT-FII enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J. Boogerd
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Ivy Aneas
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Noboru Sakabe
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Debora R. Sobreira
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Lindsey Montefiori
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Amelia C. Joslin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medicine and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY (B.Z.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
| | - Marcelo A. Nobrega
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M.E.)
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12
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Baio J, Martinez AF, Silva I, Hoehn CV, Countryman S, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Pecaut MJ, Kearns-Jonker M. Cardiovascular progenitor cells cultured aboard the International Space Station exhibit altered developmental and functional properties. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30062101 PMCID: PMC6062551 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart and its cellular components are profoundly altered by missions to space and injury on Earth. Further research, however, is needed to characterize and address the molecular substrates of such changes. For this reason, neonatal and adult human cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) were cultured aboard the International Space Station. Upon return to Earth, we measured changes in the expression of microRNAs and of genes related to mechanotransduction, cardiogenesis, cell cycling, DNA repair, and paracrine signaling. We additionally assessed endothelial-like tube formation, cell cycling, and migratory capacity of CPCs. Changes in microRNA expression were predicted to target extracellular matrix interactions and Hippo signaling in both neonatal and adult CPCs. Genes related to mechanotransduction (YAP1, RHOA) were downregulated, while the expression of cytoskeletal genes (VIM, NES, DES, LMNB2, LMNA), non-canonical Wnt ligands (WNT5A, WNT9A), and Wnt/calcium signaling molecules (PLCG1, PRKCA) was significantly elevated in neonatal CPCs. Increased mesendodermal gene expression along with decreased expression of mesodermal derivative markers (TNNT2, VWF, and RUNX2), reduced readiness to form endothelial-like tubes, and elevated expression of Bmp and Tbx genes, were observed in neonatal CPCs. Both neonatal and adult CPCs exhibited increased expression of DNA repair genes and paracrine factors, which was supported by enhanced migration. While spaceflight affects cytoskeletal organization and migration in neonatal and adult CPCs, only neonatal CPCs experienced increased expression of early developmental markers and an enhanced proliferative potential. Efforts to recapitulate the effects of spaceflight on Earth by regulating processes described herein may be a promising avenue for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baio
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Aida F Martinez
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Ivan Silva
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Carla V Hoehn
- 2BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Leonard Bailey
- 3Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- 3Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- 4Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- 1Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
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13
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Down-regulation of miR-10a-5p promotes proliferation and restricts apoptosis via targeting T-box transcription factor 5 in inflamed synoviocytes. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180003. [PMID: 29545315 PMCID: PMC5897746 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients share certain features with tumor cells, such as over proliferation and invasion. Anomalous microRNA (miRNA) expression may participate in the pathogenesis of RA in different ways. The objective of the present study was to observe the role of miR-10a-5p targeting T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) gene on synoviocyte proliferation and apoptosis in RA. Human synovial sarcoma cell line, SW982 cells stimulating with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were transfected with miR-10a-5p mimic and siRNA of TBX5. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis were used to evaluate the expression level of miR-10a-5p and TBX5 in SW982 cells respectively. Further, the proliferation and apoptosis of SW982 cells after treatment were determined by cell counting kit (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis respectively. We found that the miR-10a-5p showed down-regulated while TBX5 showed up-regulated expression in synoviocytes after stimulation with IL-1β. The miR-10a-5p mimic treatment showed a decline in cell proliferation while the increased rate of cell apoptosis as compared with control. Moreover, knockdown of TBX5 favored the apoptosis and reduced the cell proliferation as compared with control group. We conclude that down-regulation of miR-10a-5p promotes proliferation and restricts apoptosis via targeting TBX5 in inflamed synoviocytes.
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14
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Hertig V, Matos-Nieves A, Garg V, Villeneuve L, Mamarbachi M, Caland L, Calderone A. Nestin expression is dynamically regulated in cardiomyocytes during embryogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3218-3229. [PMID: 28834610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional factors implicated in the expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin in cardiomyocytes during embryogenesis remain undefined. In the heart of 9,5-10,5 day embryonic mice, nestin staining was detected in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes and a subpopulation co-expressed Tbx5. At later stages of development, nestin immunoreactivity in cardiomyocytes gradually diminished and was absent in the heart of 17,5 day embryonic mice. In the heart of wild type 11,5 day embryonic mice, 54 ± 7% of the trabeculae expressed nestin and the percentage was significantly increased in the hearts of Tbx5+/- and Gata4+/- embryos. The cell cycle protein Ki67 and transcriptional coactivator Yap-1 were still prevalent in the nucleus of nestin(+) -cardiomyocytes identified in the heart of Tbx5+/- and Gata4+/- embryonic mice. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate treatment of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes increased Yap-1 phosphorylation and co-administration of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 led to significant dephosphorylation. Antagonism of dephosphorylated Yap-1 signalling with verteporfin inhibited phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate/SB203580-mediated nestin expression and BrdU incorporation of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Nestin depletion with an AAV9 containing a shRNA directed against the intermediate filament protein significantly reduced the number of neonatal cardiomyocytes that re-entered the cell cycle. These findings demonstrate that Tbx5- and Gata4-dependent events negatively regulate nestin expression in cardiomyocytes during embryogenesis. By contrast, dephosphorylated Yap-1 acting via upregulation of the intermediate filament protein nestin plays a seminal role in the cell cycle re-entry of cardiomyocytes. Based on these data, an analogous role of Yap-1 may be prevalent in the heart of Tbx5+/- and Gata4+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hertig
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Adrianna Matos-Nieves
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and the Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, OH Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and the Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, OH Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maya Mamarbachi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurie Caland
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
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15
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Ma R, Yang Y, Tu Q, Hu K. Overexpression of T-box Transcription Factor 5 (TBX5) Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1495-1504. [PMID: 28276311 PMCID: PMC7841191 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14883287513729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5), a member of the conserved T-box transcription factor family that functions in organogenesis and embryogenesis, has recently been identified as a critical player in cancer development. The aim of this study was to determine the role of TBX5 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the correlation between levels of TBX5 and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients in tissue microarray. Expression of TBX5 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blot. The role of TBX5 in regulating proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells was evaluated in vitro. Finally, a tumorigenicity assay was performed to determine the effect of TBX5 on tumor growth in vivo. The levels of TBX5 in NSCLC tissues were significantly correlated with the TNM stage (p = 0.016), histopathologic type (p = 0.029), and lymph node status (p = 0.035) of NSCLC. TBX5 overexpression markedly suppressed in vitro NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and induced apoptosis. In vivo tumor growth was significantly suppressed by TBX5. TBX5 has a tumor-suppressing effect in NSCLC and may serve as a therapeutic target for diagnoses and treatment of NSCLC.
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16
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Abstract
TBX5 is a member of the T-box transcription factor family and is primarily known for its role in cardiac and forelimb development. Human patients with dominant mutations in TBX5 are characterized by Holt-Oram syndrome, and show defects of the cardiac septa, cardiac conduction system, and the anterior forelimb. The range of cardiac defects associated with TBX5 mutations in humans suggests multiple roles for the transcription factor in cardiac development and function. Animal models demonstrate similar defects and have provided a useful platform for investigating the roles of TBX5 during embryonic development. During early cardiac development, TBX5 appears to act primarily as a transcriptional activator of genes associated with cardiomyocyte maturation and upstream of morphological signals for septation. During later cardiac development, TBX5 is required for patterning of the cardiac conduction system and maintenance of mature cardiomyocyte function. A comprehensive understanding of the integral roles of TBX5 throughout cardiac development and adult life will be critical for understanding human cardiac morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Steimle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Waldron L, Steimle JD, Greco TM, Gomez NC, Dorr KM, Kweon J, Temple B, Yang XH, Wilczewski CM, Davis IJ, Cristea IM, Moskowitz IP, Conlon FL. The Cardiac TBX5 Interactome Reveals a Chromatin Remodeling Network Essential for Cardiac Septation. Dev Cell 2016; 36:262-75. [PMID: 26859351 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mutations in the cardiac transcription factor gene TBX5 cause congenital heart disease (CHD), although the underlying mechanism is unknown. We report characterization of the endogenous TBX5 cardiac interactome and demonstrate that TBX5, long considered a transcriptional activator, interacts biochemically and genetically with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) repressor complex. Incompatible gene programs are repressed by TBX5 in the developing heart. CHD mis-sense mutations that disrupt the TBX5-NuRD interaction cause depression of a subset of repressed genes. Furthermore, the TBX5-NuRD interaction is required for heart development. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the TBX5-NuRD interaction domain evolved during early diversification of vertebrates, simultaneous with the evolution of cardiac septation. Collectively, this work defines a TBX5-NuRD interaction essential to cardiac development and the evolution of the mammalian heart, and when altered may contribute to human CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Waldron
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kerry M Dorr
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brenda Temple
- R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xinan Holly Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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GUO DONGFENG, LI RUOGU, YUAN FANG, SHI HONGYU, HOU XUMIN, QU XINKAI, XU YINGJIA, ZHANG MIN, LIU XU, JIANG JINQI, YANG YIQING, QIU XINGBIAO. TBX5 loss-of-function mutation contributes to atrial fibrillation and atypical Holt-Oram syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4349-56. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Bertolessi M, Linta L, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Liebau S. A Fresh Look on T-Box Factor Action in Early Embryogenesis (T-Box Factors in Early Development). Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1833-51. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Bertolessi
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonhard Linta
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Du J, Zhang L. Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and microRNA regulation of the lung adenocarcinoma transcriptome. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:585-94. [PMID: 26035298 PMCID: PMC4487669 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma, as a common type of non-small cell lung cancer (40%), poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma. Illumina sequence data GSE 37764 including expression profiling, methylation profiling and non-coding RNA profiling of 6 never-smoker Korean female patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially methylated genes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between normal and tumor tissues of the same patients were screened with tools in R. Functional enrichment analysis of a variety of differential genes was performed. DEG-specific methylation and transcription factors (TFs) were analyzed with ENCODE ChIP-seq. The integrated regulatory network of DEGs, TFs and miRNAs was constructed. Several overlapping DEGs, such as v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) were screened. DEGs were centrally modified by histones of tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) and di-acetylation of lysine 12 or 20 on histone H2 (H2BK12/20AC). Upstream TFs of DEGs were enriched in different ChIP-seq clusters, such as glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Two miRNAs (miR-126-3p and miR-30c-2-3p) and three TFs including homeobox A5 (HOXA5), Meis homeobox 1 (MEIS1) and T-box 5 (TBX5), played important roles in the integrated regulatory network conjointly. These DEGs, and DEG-related histone modifications, TFs and miRNAs may be important in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. The present results may indicate directions for the next step in the study of the further elucidation and targeted prevention of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Medical University Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Medical University Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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21
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Novel TBX5 duplication in a Japanese family with Holt-Oram syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2015; 36:244-7. [PMID: 25274398 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-1028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by upper limb malformations in the preaxial radial ray and cardiac septation and/or a conduction abnormality. It has been demonstrated that Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by mutations in the T-box transcription factor gene TBX5. Numerous germline mutations (more than 90) of this gene have been reported; however, TBX5 mutations are only identified in up to 74% of typical Holt-Oram syndrome patients. We report a Japanese family with 2 affected individuals with the typical Holt-Oram syndrome phenotype, namely bilateral asymmetrical radial ray deformities and an atrial septal defect. An array-based comparative genomic hybridization study revealed an 11-kb duplication at 12q24.1. Moreover, a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification study confirmed the duplication of exons 1-6 of TBX5. Although a small duplication in TBX5 (6 bases) has been reported, a large duplication of this gene has not been described previously in typical Holt-Oram syndrome patients. All typical Holt-Oram syndrome cases in which a mutation is not identified should be screened for TBX5 exon duplications.
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Pettinato G, Vanden Berg-Foels WS, Zhang N, Wen X. ROCK inhibitor is not required for embryoid body formation from singularized human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100742. [PMID: 25365581 PMCID: PMC4217711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a technology to form human embryoid bodies (hEBs) from singularized human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) without the use of the p160 rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) or centrifugation (spin). hEB formation was tested under four conditions: +ROCKi/+spin, +ROCKi/-spin, -ROCKi/+spin, and -ROCKi/-spin. Cell suspensions of BG01V/hOG and H9 hESC lines were pipetted into non-adherent hydrogel substrates containing defined microwell arrays. hEBs of consistent size and spherical geometry can be formed in each of the four conditions, including the -ROCKi/-spin condition. The hEBs formed under the -ROCKi/-spin condition differentiated to develop the three embryonic germ layers and tissues derived from each of the germ layers. This simplified hEB production technique offers homogeneity in hEB size and shape to support synchronous differentiation, elimination of the ROCKi xeno-factor and rate-limiting centrifugation treatment, and low-cost scalability, which will directly support automated, large-scale production of hEBs and hESC-derived cells needed for clinical, research, or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pettinato
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wendy S. Vanden Berg-Foels
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (XW)
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science (iNANO), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (NZ); (XW)
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23
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Diman NYSG, Brooks G, Kruithof BPT, Elemento O, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Basson CT, Hatcher CJ. Tbx5 is required for avian and Mammalian epicardial formation and coronary vasculogenesis. Circ Res 2014; 115:834-44. [PMID: 25245104 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Holt-Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene. Overexpression of Tbx5 in the chick proepicardial organ impaired coronary blood vessel formation. However, the potential activity of Tbx5 in the epicardium itself, and the role of Tbx5 in mammalian coronary vasculogenesis, remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consequences of altered Tbx5 gene dosage during proepicardial organ and epicardial development in the embryonic chick and mouse. METHODS AND RESULTS Retroviral-mediated knockdown or upregulation of Tbx5 expression in the embryonic chick proepicardial organ and proepicardial-specific deletion of Tbx5 in the embryonic mouse (Tbx5(epi-/)) impaired normal proepicardial organ cell development, inhibited epicardial and coronary blood vessel formation, and altered developmental gene expression. The generation of epicardial-derived cells and their migration into the myocardium were impaired between embryonic day (E) 13.5 to 15.5 in mutant hearts because of delayed epicardial attachment to the myocardium and subepicardial accumulation of epicardial-derived cells. This caused defective coronary vasculogenesis associated with impaired vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment and reduced invasion of cardiac fibroblasts and endothelial cells into myocardium. In contrast to wild-type hearts that exhibited an elaborate ventricular vascular network, Tbx5(epi-/-) hearts displayed a marked decrease in vascular density that was associated with myocardial hypoxia as exemplified by hypoxia inducible factor-1α upregulation and increased binding of hypoxyprobe-1. Tbx5(epi-/-) mice with such myocardial hypoxia exhibited reduced exercise capacity when compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a conserved Tbx5 dose-dependent requirement for both proepicardial and epicardial progenitor cell development in chick and in mouse coronary vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nata Y S-G Diman
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - Gabriel Brooks
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - Olivier Elemento
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - J G Seidman
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - Christine E Seidman
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.)
| | - Craig T Basson
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.).
| | - Cathy J Hatcher
- From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology (N.Y.S.-G.D., G.B., B.P.T.K., C.T.B., C.J.H.) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (O.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.G.S., C.E.S.); and Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA (C.J.H.).
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24
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Misra C, Chang SW, Basu M, Huang N, Garg V. Disruption of myocardial Gata4 and Tbx5 results in defects in cardiomyocyte proliferation and atrioventricular septation. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5025-35. [PMID: 24858909 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GATA4 and TBX5 are associated with congenital heart defects in humans. Interaction between GATA4 and TBX5 is important for normal cardiac septation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that Gata4 and Tbx5 are co-expressed in the embryonic atria and ventricle, but after E15.5, ventricular expression of Tbx5 decreases. Co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate an interaction of Gata4 and Tbx5 in the developing atria and ventricles, but the ventricular interaction declines after E14.5. Gata4(+/-);Tbx5(+/-) mouse embryos display decreased atrial and ventricular myocardial thickness at E11.5, prior to cardiac septation. To determine the cell lineage in which the interaction was functionally significant in vivo, mice heterozygous for Gata4 in the myocardium or endocardium and heterozygous for Tbx5 (Gata4(MyoDel/wt);Tbx5(+/-) and Gata4(EndoDel/wt);Tbx5(+/-), respectively) were generated. Gata4(MyoDel/wt);Tbx5(+/-) mice displayed embryonic lethality, thin myocardium with reduced cell proliferation, and atrioventricular septation defects similar to Gata4;Tbx5 compound heterozygotes while Gata4(EndoDel/wt);Tbx5(+/-) embryos were normal. Cdk4 and Cdk2, cyclin-dependent kinases required for myocardial development and septation were reduced in Gata4(+/-);Tbx5(+/-) hearts. Cdk4 is a known direct target of Gata4 and the regulation of Cdk2 in the developing heart has not been studied. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transactivation studies demonstrate that Gata4 and Tbx5 directly regulate Cdk4 while only Tbx5 activates Cdk2 expression. These findings highlight the mechanisms by which disruption of the Gata4 and Tbx5 interaction in the myocardium contributes to cardiac septation defects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Misra
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Sheng-Wei Chang
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Nianyuan Huang
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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25
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Nakashima Y, Yanez DA, Touma M, Nakano H, Jaroszewicz A, Jordan MC, Pellegrini M, Roos KP, Nakano A. Nkx2-5 suppresses the proliferation of atrial myocytes and conduction system. Circ Res 2014; 114:1103-13. [PMID: 24563458 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tight control of cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for the formation of four-chambered heart. Although human mutation of NKX2-5 is linked to septal defects and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, early lethality and hemodynamic alteration in the mutant models have caused controversy as to whether Nkx2-5 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we circumvented these limitations by atrial-restricted deletion of Nkx2-5. METHOD AND RESULTS Atrial-specific Nkx2-5 mutants died shortly after birth with hyperplastic working myocytes and conduction system including two nodes and internodal tracts. Multicolor reporter analysis revealed that Nkx2-5-null cardiomyocytes displayed clonal proliferative activity throughout the atria, indicating the suppressive role of Nkx2-5 in cardiomyocyte proliferation after chamber ballooning stages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that aberrant activation of Notch signaling underlies hyperproliferation of mutant cardiomyocytes, and forced activation of Notch signaling recapitulates hyperproliferation of working myocytes but not the conduction system. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that Nkx2-5 regulates the proliferation of atrial working and conduction myocardium in coordination with Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakashima
- From the Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology (Y.N., D.A.Y., H.N., A.J., M.P., A.N.), Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Cell and Integrative Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.T.), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (H.N., M.P., A.N.), Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.C.J., K.P.R.), Molecular Biology Institute (M.P.), Institute of Genomics and Proteomics (M.P.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.N.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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26
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Bohuslavova R, Skvorova L, Sedmera D, Semenza GL, Pavlinkova G. Increased susceptibility of HIF-1α heterozygous-null mice to cardiovascular malformations associated with maternal diabetes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:129-41. [PMID: 23619295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations are the most common manifestation of diabetic embryopathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the teratogenic effect of maternal diabetes have not been fully elucidated. Using genome-wide expression profiling, we previously demonstrated that exposure to maternal diabetes resulted in dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway in the developing embryo. We thus considered a possible link between HIF-1-regulated pathways and the development of congenital malformations. HIF-1α heterozygous-null (Hif1a(+/-)) and wild type (Wt) littermate embryos were exposed to the intrauterine environment of a diabetic mother to analyze the frequency and morphology of congenital defects, and assess gene expression changes in Wt and Hif1a(+/-) embryos. We observed a decreased number of embryos per litter and an increased incidence of heart malformations, including atrioventricular septal defects and reduced myocardial mass, in diabetes-exposed Hif1a(+/-) embryos as compared to Wt embryos. We also detected significant differences in the expression of key cardiac transcription factors, including Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and Mef2C, in diabetes-exposed Hif1a(+/-) embryonic hearts compared to Wt littermates. Thus, partial global HIF-1α deficiency alters gene expression in the developing heart and increases susceptibility to congenital defects in a mouse model of diabetic pregnancy.
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27
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Sun W, Zhao R, Yang Y, Wang H, Shao Y, Kong X. Comparative study of human aortic and mitral valve interstitial cell gene expression and cellular function. Genomics 2013; 101:326-35. [PMID: 23542235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Valve interstitial cells (VICs) are essential for valvular pathogenesis. However, the transcriptional profiles and cellular functions of human aortic VICs (hAVICs) and mitral VICs (hMVICs) have not been directly compared. We performed NimbleGen gene expression profiling analyses of hAVICs and hMVICs. Seventy-eight known genes were differentially expressed between hAVICs and hMVICs. Higher expression of NKX2-5, TBX15, OGN, OMD, and CDKN1C and lower expression of TBX5, MMP1, and PCDH10 were found in hAVICs compared to hMVICs. The differences in these genes, excepting OGN and OMD, remained in rheumatic VICs. We also compared cell proliferation, migration, and response to mineralization medium. hMVICs proliferated more quickly but showed more calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity than hAVICs after culture in mineralization medium, indicating that hMVICs were more susceptible to in vitro calcification. Our findings reveal differences in the transcription profiles and cellular functions of hAVICs and hMVICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, PR China
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28
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Parrie LE, Renfrew EM, Wal AV, Mueller RL, Garrity DM. Zebrafishtbx5paralogs demonstrate independent essential requirements in cardiac and pectoral fin development. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:485-502. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Parrie
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | - Erin M. Renfrew
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | - Aimee Vander Wal
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
| | | | - Deborah M. Garrity
- Colorado State University (CSU); Department of Biology; Fort Collins; Colorado
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29
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Xie L, Hoffmann AD, Burnicka-Turek O, Friedland-Little JM, Zhang K, Moskowitz IP. Tbx5-hedgehog molecular networks are essential in the second heart field for atrial septation. Dev Cell 2012; 23:280-91. [PMID: 22898775 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental mechanisms underlying human congenital heart disease (CHD) are poorly understood. Atrial septal defects (ASDs) can result from haploinsufficiency of cardiogenic transcription factors including TBX5. We demonstrated that Tbx5 is required in the second heart field (SHF) for atrial septation in mice. Conditional Tbx5 haploinsufficiency in the SHF but not the myocardium or endocardium caused ASDs. Tbx5 SHF knockout embryos lacked atrial septum progenitors. We found that Tbx5 mutant SHF progenitors demonstrated cell-cycle progression defects and that Tbx5 regulated cell-cycle progression genes including Cdk6. Activated hedgehog (Hh) signaling rescued ASDs in Tbx5 mutant embryos, placing Tbx5 upstream or parallel to Hh in cardiac progenitors. Tbx5 regulated SHF Gas1 and Osr1 expression, supporting both pathways. These results describe a SHF Tbx5-Hh network required for atrial septation. A paradigm defining molecular requirements in SHF cardiac progenitors for cardiac septum morphogenesis has implications for the ontogeny of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Tsai TC, Lu JK, Choo SL, Yeh SY, Tang RB, Lee HY, Lu JH. The paracrine effect of exogenous growth hormone alleviates dysmorphogenesis caused by tbx5 deficiency in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:63. [PMID: 22776023 PMCID: PMC3407474 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmorphogenesis and multiple organ defects are well known in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos with T-box transcription factor 5 (tbx5) deficiencies, mimicking human Holt-Oram syndrome. METHODS Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis to study the expression of special genes in tbx5 morphants, we demonstrated that GH and some GH-related genes were markedly downregulated. Zebrafish embryos microinjected with tbx5-morpholino (MO) antisense RNA and mismatched antisense RNA in the 1-cell stage served as controls, while zebrafish embryos co-injected with exogenous growth hormone (GH) concomitant with tbx5-MO comprised the treatment group. RESULTS The attenuating effects of GH in tbx5-MO knockdown embryos were quantified and observed at 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization. Though the understanding of mechanisms involving GH in the tbx5 functioning complex is limited, exogenous GH supplied to tbx5 knockdown zebrafish embryos is able to enhance the expression of downstream mediators in the GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 pathway, including igf1, ghra, and ghrb, and signal transductors (erk1, akt2), and eventually to correct dysmorphogenesis in various organs including the heart and pectoral fins. Supplementary GH also reduced apoptosis as determined by a TUNEL assay and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins (bcl2 and bad) according to semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively, as well as improving cell cycle-related genes (p27 and cdk2) and cardiomyogenetic genes (amhc, vmhc, and cmlc2). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, tbx5 knockdown causes a pseudo GH deficiency in zebrafish during early embryonic stages, and supplementation of exogenous GH can partially restore dysmorphogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, and abnormal cardiomyogenesis in tbx5 knockdown zebrafish in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chun Tsai
- Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Kann Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sie-Lin Choo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Yeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ren-Bing Tang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yu Lee
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Patel C, Silcock L, McMullan D, Brueton L, Cox H. TBX5 intragenic duplication: a family with an atypical Holt-Oram syndrome phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:863-9. [PMID: 22333898 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome due to mutations in the TBX5 transcription factor. Affected individuals can have structural cardiac defects and/or conduction abnormalities, and exclusively upper limb defects (typically bilateral, asymmetrical radial ray defects). TBX5 mutations reported include nonsense, missense, splicing mutations and exon deletions. Most result in a null allele and haploinsufficiency, but some impair nuclear localisation of TBX5 protein or disrupt its interaction with co-factors and downstream targets. We present a five generation family of nine affected individuals with an atypical HOS phenotype, consisting of ulnar ray defects (ulnar hypoplasia, short fifth fingers with clinodactyly) and very mild radial ray defects (short thumbs, bowing of the radius and dislocation of the radial head). The cardiac defects seen are those more rarely reported in HOS (atrioventricular septal defect, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, mitral valve disease and pulmonary stenosis). Conduction abnormalities include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sick sinus syndrome. TBX5 mutation screening (exons 3-10) identified no mutations. Array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) revealed a 48 kb duplication at 12q24.21, encompassing exons 2-9 of the TBX5 gene, with breakpoints within introns 1-2 and 9-10. The duplication segregates with the phenotype in the family, and is likely to be pathogenic. This is the first known report of an intragenic duplication of TBX5 and its clinical effects; an atypical HOS phenotype. Further functional studies are needed to establish the effects of the duplication and pathogenic mechanism. All typical/atypical HOS cases should be screened for TBX5 exon duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Vallaster M, Vallaster CD, Wu SM. Epigenetic mechanisms in cardiac development and disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:92-102. [PMID: 22194017 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian development, cardiac specification and ultimately lineage commitment to a specific cardiac cell type is accomplished by the action of specific transcription factors (TFs) and their meticulous control on an epigenetic level. In this review, we detail how cardiac-specific TFs function in concert with nucleosome remodeling and histone-modifying enzymes to regulate a diverse network of genes required for processes such as cell growth and proliferation, or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), for instance. We provide examples of how several cardiac TFs, such as Nkx2.5, WHSC1, Tbx5, and Tbx1, which are associated with developmental and congenital heart defects, are required for the recruitment of histone modifiers, such as Jarid2, p300, and Ash2l, and components of ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes like Brg1, Baf60c, and Baf180. Binding of these TFs to their respective sites at cardiac genes coincides with a distinct pattern of histone marks, indicating that the precise regulation of cardiac gene networks is orchestrated by interactions between TFs and epigenetic modifiers. Furthermore, we speculate that an epigenetic signature, comprised of TF occupancy, histone modifications, and overall chromatin organization, is an underlying mechanism that governs cardiac morphogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vallaster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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Tbx20 regulation of cardiac cell proliferation and lineage specialization during embryonic and fetal development in vivo. Dev Biol 2011; 363:234-46. [PMID: 22226977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TBX20 gain-of-function mutations in humans are associated with congenital heart malformations and myocardial defects. However the effects of increased Tbx20 function during cardiac chamber development and maturation have not been reported previously. CAG-CAT-Tbx20 transgenic mice were generated for Cre-dependent induction of Tbx20 in myocardial lineages in the developing heart. βMHCCre-mediated overexpression of Tbx20 in fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes results in increased thickness of compact myocardium, induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and increased expression of Bmp10 and pSmad1/5/8 at embryonic day (E) 14.5. βMHCCre-mediated Tbx20 overexpression also leads to increased expression of cardiac conduction system (CCS) genes Tbx5, Cx40, and Cx43 throughout the ventricular myocardium. In contrast, Nkx2.5Cre mediated overexpression of Tbx20 in the embryonic heart results in reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, increased expression of a cell cycle inhibitor, p21(CIP1), and decreased expression of Tbx2, Tbx5, and N-myc1 at E9.5, concomitant with decreased phospho-ERK1/2 expression. Together, these analyses demonstrate that Tbx20 differentially regulates cell proliferation and cardiac lineage specification in embryonic versus fetal cardiomyocytes. Induction of pSmad1/5/8 at E14.5 and inhibition of dpERK expression at E9.5 are consistent with selective Tbx20 regulation of these pathways in association with stage-specific effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. Together, these in vivo data support distinct functions for Tbx20 in regulation of cardiomyocyte lineage maturation and cell proliferation at embryonic and fetal stages of heart development.
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Kaltenbrun E, Tandon P, Amin NM, Waldron L, Showell C, Conlon FL. Xenopus: An emerging model for studying congenital heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:495-510. [PMID: 21538812 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects affect nearly 1% of all newborns and are a significant cause of infant death. Clinical studies have identified a number of congenital heart syndromes associated with mutations in genes that are involved in the complex process of cardiogenesis. The African clawed frog, Xenopus, has been instrumental in studies of vertebrate heart development and provides a valuable tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying human congenital heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the methodologies that make Xenopus an ideal model system to investigate heart development and disease. We also outline congenital heart conditions linked to cardiac genes that have been well studied in Xenopus and describe some emerging technologies that will further aid in the study of these complex syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Kaltenbrun
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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35
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Trempus CS, Wei SJ, Humble MM, Dang H, Bortner CD, Sifre MI, Kissling GE, Sunman JA, Akiyama SK, Roberts JD, Tucker CJ, Chun KS, Tennant RW, Langenbach R. A novel role for the T-box transcription factor Tbx1 as a negative regulator of tumor cell growth in mice. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:981-91. [PMID: 21438027 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The T-box transcription factor, Tbx1, an important regulatory gene in development, is highly expressed in hair follicle (HF) stem cells in adult mice. Because mouse models of skin carcinogenesis have demonstrated that HF stem cells are a carcinogen target population and contribute significantly to tumor development, we investigated whether Tbx1 plays a role in skin carcinogenesis. We first assessed Tbx1 expression levels in mouse skin tumors, and found down-regulation in all tumors examined. To study the effect of Tbx1 expression on growth and tumorigenic potential of carcinoma cells, we transfected mouse Tbx1 cDNA into a mouse spindle cell carcinoma cell line that did not express endogenous Tbx1. Following transfection, two cell lines expressing different levels of the Tbx1/V5 fusion protein were selected for further study. Intradermal injection of the cell lines into mice revealed that Tbx1 expression significantly suppressed tumor growth, albeit with no change in tumor morphology. In culture, ectopic Tbx1 expression resulted in decreased cell growth and reduced development into multilayered colonies, compared to control cells. Tbx1-transfectants exhibited a reduced proliferative rate compared to control cells, with fewer cells in S and G2/M phases. The Tbx1 transfectants developed significantly fewer colonies in soft agar, demonstrating loss of anchorage-independent growth. Taken together, our data show that ectopic expression of Tbx1 restored contact inhibition to the skin tumor cells, suggesting that this developmentally important transcription factor may have a novel dual role as a negative regulator of tumor growth. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Trempus
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Tbx5-mediated expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is necessary for zebrafish cardiac and pectoral fin morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2009; 330:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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37
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Gross DR. Other Transgenic Animal Models Used in Cardiovascular Studies. ANIMAL MODELS IN CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2009. [PMCID: PMC7121723 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-95962-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous chapters have described a large number of transgenic animal models used to study specific cardiovascular syndromes. This chapter will fill in some gaps. Many of these transgenic animals were developed to study normal and/or abnormal physiological responses in other organ systems, or to study basic biochemical and molecular reactions or pathways. These models were then discovered to also have effects on the cardiovascular system, some of them unanticipated. A word of caution, particularly when highly inbred mouse strains are used to develop transgenic models - not all strains of a particular species are created equal. When cardiovascular parameters of age- and sex-matched A/J and C57BL/6J inbred mice were compared the C57BL/6J mice demonstrated eccentric physiologic ventricular hypertrophy, increased ventricular function, lower heart rates, and increased exercise endurance.1
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McDermott DA, Hatcher CJ, Basson CT. Atrial Fibrillation and Other Clinical Manifestations of Altered TBX5 Dosage in Typical Holt-Oram Syndrome. Circ Res 2008; 103:e96. [PMID: 18818409 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.181834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A regulatory relationship between Tbx1 and FGF signaling during tooth morphogenesis and ameloblast lineage determination. Dev Biol 2008; 320:39-48. [PMID: 18572158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Tbx1 gene is a transcriptional regulator involved in the DiGeorge syndrome, which affects normal facial and tooth development. Several clinical reports point to a common enamel defect in the teeth of patients with DiGeorge syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the expression, regulation, and function of Tbx1 during mouse molar development. Tbx1 expression is restricted to epithelial cells that give rise to the enamel producing ameloblasts and correlates with proliferative events. Tbx1 expression in epithelium requires mesenchyme-derived signals: dental mesenchyme induces expression of Tbx1 in recombined dental and non-dental epithelia. Bead implantation experiments show that FGF molecules are able to maintain epithelial Tbx1 expression during odontogenesis. Expression of Tbx1 in dental epithelium of FGF receptor 2b(-/-) mutant mice is downregulated, showing a genetic link between FGF signaling and Tbx1 in teeth. Forced expression of Tbx1 in dental explants activates amelogenin expression. These results indicate that Tbx1 expression in developing teeth is under control of FGF signaling and correlates with determination of the ameloblast lineage.
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40
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Distinct expression and function of alternatively spliced Tbx5 isoforms in cell growth and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:4052-67. [PMID: 18391012 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02100-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 cause Holt-Oram syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a wide spectrum of cardiac and upper limb defects with variable expressivity. Tbx5 haploinsufficiency has been suggested to be the underlying mechanism, and experimental models are consistent with a dosage-sensitive requirement for Tbx5 in heart development. Here, we report that Tbx5 levels are regulated through alternative splicing that generates, in addition to the known 518-amino-acid protein, a C-terminal truncated isoform. This shorter isoform retains the capacity to bind DNA, but its interaction with Tbx5 collaborators such as GATA-4 is altered. In vivo, the two spliced isoforms are oppositely regulated in a temporal and growth factor-dependent manner and are present in distinct DNA-binding complexes. The expression of the long isoform correlates with growth stimulation, and its reexpression in postnatal transgenic mouse hearts promotes hypertrophy. Conversely, the upregulation of the short but not the long isoform in C2C12 myoblasts leads to growth arrest and cell death. The results provide novel insight into posttranscriptional Tbx5 regulation and point to an important role not only in cell differentiation but also in cell proliferation and organ growth. The data may help analyze genotype-phenotype relations in patients with Holt-Oram syndrome.
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41
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Kulisz A, Simon HG. An evolutionarily conserved nuclear export signal facilitates cytoplasmic localization of the Tbx5 transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:1553-64. [PMID: 18160705 PMCID: PMC2258776 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00935-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 displays dynamic changes in localization from strictly nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic to exclusively cytoplasmic along the actin cytoskeleton in cells coexpressing its binding protein LMP4. Although nuclear localization signals (NLSs) have been described, the mechanism by which Tbx5 exits the nucleus remained elusive. Here, we describe for Tbx5 a nuclear export signal (NES) that is recognized by the CRM1 export protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of a critical amino acid(s) within this sequence determined the functionality of this NES. Confocal localization studies and luciferase transcriptional reporter assays with NES mutant Tbx5 forms demonstrated retention in the nucleus, regardless of the presence of LMP4. Coimmunoprecipitation and pharmacological interference studies demonstrated a direct interaction between Tbx5 and CRM1, revealing that Tbx5 is using the CRM1 pathway for nuclear export. In addition to Tbx5, we identified NESs in all T-box proteins and demonstrated interaction of the family members Tbx3 and Brachyury with the CRM1 exporter, suggesting general significance. This first demonstration of evolutionarily conserved NESs in all T-box proteins in conjunction with NLSs indicates a primordial function of T-box proteins to dynamically shuttle between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kulisz
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, CMRC, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box #204, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Abstract
The heart of higher vertebrates is a structurally complicated multi-chambered pump that contracts synchronously. For its proper function a number of distinct integrated components have to be generated, including force-generating compartments, unidirectional valves, septa and a system in charge of the initiation and coordinated propagation of the depolarizing impulse over the heart. Not surprisingly, a large number of regulating factors are involved in these processes that act in complex and intertwined pathways to regulate the activity of target genes responsible for morphogenesis and function. The finding that mutations in T-box transcription factor-encoding genes in humans lead to congenital heart defects has focused attention on the importance of this family of regulators in heart development. Functional and genetic analyses in a variety of divergent species has demonstrated the critical roles of multiple T-box factor gene family members, including Tbx11, −2, −3, −5, −18 and −20, in the patterning, recruitment, specification, differentiation and growth processes underlying formation and integration of the heart components. Insight into the roles of T-box factors in these processes will enhance our understanding of heart formation and the underlying molecular regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. M. H. Hoogaars
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Barnett
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. F. M. Moorman
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. M. Christoffels
- Heart Failure Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Debeer P, Race V, Gewillig M, Devriendt K, Frijns JP. Novel TBX5 mutations in patients with Holt-Oram syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 462:20-6. [PMID: 17534187 DOI: 10.1097/blo.0b013e3181123ffe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome (MIM #142900) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by radial ray deformities of the upper limb associated with cardiac septation and/or conduction defects. The disorder is caused by mutations in the transcription factor TBX5. Several studies report a rather low detection rate (range, 22-35%) of TBX5 mutations in patients with a clinical suspicion of Holt-Oram syndrome. The low detection rate is attributed to clinical misdiagnosis and genetic heterogeneity. However, a detection rate up to 74% has been reported when strict inclusion criteria for Holt-Oram syndrome are applied before genetic testing. We performed mutational analysis in a cohort of 27 unrelated patients referred with a clinical diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome. Seven TBX5 mutations were detected by direct sequencing. The detection rate of TBX5 mutations in this co hort of patients was 25.9% but increased to 54% when the strict phenotypical criteria were applied. No mutations were found in patients who did not meet these strict phenotypical criteria. Interestingly, we were unable to identify a TBX5 mutation in six of 13 patients who did meet the strict criteria. This study confirms TBX5 genetic testing should be reserved for patients who fulfill the strict phenotypic criteria for Holt-Oram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Debeer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Pellenberg, Pellenberg, Belgium.
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Genetics in cardiology. Part III. Monogenic inheritance syndromes and cardiac disease. COR ET VASA 2007. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2007.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Kitamura R, Takahashi T, Nakajima N, Isodono K, Asada S, Ueno H, Ueyama T, Yoshikawa T, Matsubara H, Oh H. Stage-specific role of endogenous Smad2 activation in cardiomyogenesis of embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 2007; 101:78-87. [PMID: 17540976 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.106.147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Smads and their specific ligands during cardiomyogenesis in ES cells was examined. Smad2 was activated bimodally in the early and late phases of cardiac differentiation, whereas Smad1 was activated after the middle phase. Nodal and Cripto were expressed in the early stage and then downregulated, whereas transforming growth factor-beta and activin were expressed only in the late phase. Suppression of early Smad2 activation by SB-431542 produced complete inhibition of endodermal and mesodermal induction but augmented neuroectodermal differentiation, followed by poor cardiomyogenesis, whereas inhibition during the late phase alone promoted cardiomyogenesis. Inhibitory effect of Smad2 on cardiomyogenesis in the late phase was mainly mediated by transforming growth factor-beta, and inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta-mediated Smad2 activation resulted in a greater replicative potential in differentiated cardiac myocytes and enhanced differentiation of nonmyocytes into cardiac myocytes. Thus, endogenous Smad2 activation is indispensable for endodermal and mesodermal induction in the early phase. In the late phase, endogenous transforming growth factor-beta negatively regulates cardiomyogenesis through Smad2 activation by modulating proliferation and differentiation of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Koibuchi N, Chin MT. CHF1/Hey2 plays a pivotal role in left ventricular maturation through suppression of ectopic atrial gene expression. Circ Res 2007; 100:850-5. [PMID: 17332425 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000261693.13269.bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that mice lacking the hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 develop a thin-walled left ventricle. To explore the basis for this phenotype, we examined regional gene expression patterns in the developing myocardium. We found that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which is normally expressed in the atria and trabeculae and is restricted from the developing compact myocardium beginning at embryonic day 13.5, is persistently expressed in the left ventricular compact myocardium of the knockout animals. We also examined the expression pattern of the T-box transcription factor Tbx5, a known regulator of ANF, and an additional Tbx5-dependent gene, connexin 40 (Cx40), both of which share a similar expression pattern to ANF during development. Tbx5 and Cx40 were similarly expressed ectopically in the compact myocardium of the CHF1/Hey2 knockout mouse. The atrial contractile genes mlc1a and mlc2a were also expressed ectopically in the left ventricular compact myocardium, providing evidence for a general dysregulation of atrial gene expression. Crossing of a myocardial-specific CHF1/Hey2 transgenic mouse with the knockouts led to rescue of the thin-walled myocardial phenotype and restoration of the normal patterns of gene expression. Myocardial cell proliferation, which has been shown previously to be suppressed by Tbx5, was also decreased in the knockout mice and rescued by the transgene. Our findings suggest that CHF1/Hey2 suppresses atrial identity in the left ventricular compact myocardium, facilitates myocardial proliferation by suppressing Tbx5, and thereby promotes proper ventricular myocardial maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Vascular Medicine Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Plageman TF, Yutzey KE. Microarray analysis of Tbx5-induced genes expressed in the developing heart. Dev Dyn 2007; 235:2868-80. [PMID: 16894625 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tbx5 is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors and is associated with Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), a congenital disorder characterized by heart and limb defects. Although implicated in several processes during development, only a few genes regulated by Tbx5 have been reported. To identify candidate genes regulated by Tbx5 during heart development, a microarray approach was used. A cardiac-derived mouse cell line (1H) was infected with adenoviruses expressing Tbx5 or beta-galactosidase and RNA was isolated for analysis using an Affymetrix gene chip representing over 39,000 transcripts. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed Tbx5 induction of a subset of the genes, including nppa, photoreceptor cadherin, brain creatine kinase, hairy/enhancer-of-split related 2, and gelsolin. In situ hybridization analysis indicated overlapping expression of these genes with tbx5 in the embryonic mouse heart. In addition, the effect of HOS-associated mutations on the ability of Tbx5 to induce target gene expression was evaluated. Together, these data identify several genes induced by Tbx5 that are potentially important during cardiac development. These genes represent new candidate gene targets of Tbx5 that may be related to congenital heart malformations associated with HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Plageman
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Shelton EL, Yutzey KE. Heart Development and T‐box Transcription Factors: Lessons from Avian Embryos. CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1574-3349(07)18003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The level of BMP4 signaling is critical for the regulation of distinct T-box gene expression domains and growth along the dorso-ventral axis of the optic cup. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2006; 6:62. [PMID: 17173667 PMCID: PMC1764729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-6-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarised gene expression is thought to lead to the graded distribution of signaling molecules providing a patterning mechanism across the embryonic eye. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) is expressed in the dorsal optic vesicle as it transforms into the optic cup. Bmp4 deletions in human and mouse result in failure of eye development, but little attempt has been made to investigate mammalian targets of BMP4 signaling. In chick, retroviral gene overexpression studies indicate that Bmp4 activates the dorsally expressed Tbx5 gene, which represses ventrally expressed cVax. It is not known whether the Tbx5 related genes, Tbx2 and Tbx3, are BMP4 targets in the mammalian retina and whether BMP4 acts at a distance from its site of expression. Although it is established that Drosophila Dpp (homologue of vertebrate Bmp4) acts as a morphogen, there is little evidence that BMP4 gradients are interpreted to create domains of BMP4 target gene expression in the mouse. RESULTS Our data show that the level of BMP4 signaling is critical for the regulation of distinct Tbx2, Tbx3, Tbx5 and Vax2 gene expression domains along the dorso-ventral axis of the mouse optic cup. BMP4 signaling gradients were manipulated in whole mouse embryo cultures during optic cup development, by implantation of beads soaked in BMP4, or the BMP antagonist Noggin, to provide a local signaling source. Tbx2, Tbx3 and Tbx5, showed a differential response to alterations in the level of BMP4 along the entire dorso-ventral axis of the optic cup, suggesting that BMP4 acts across a distance. Increased levels of BMP4 caused expansion of Tbx2 and Tbx3, but not Tbx5, into the ventral retina and repression of the ventral marker Vax2. Conversely, Noggin abolished Tbx5 expression but only shifted Tbx2 expression dorsally. Increased levels of BMP4 signaling caused decreased proliferation, reduced retinal volume and altered the shape of the optic cup. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the existence of a dorsal-high, ventral-low BMP4 signaling gradient across which distinct domains of Tbx2, Tbx3, Tbx5 and Vax2 transcription factor gene expression are set up. Furthermore we show that the correct level of BMP4 signaling is critical for normal growth of the mammalian embryonic eye.
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Hatcher CJ, McDermott DA. Using the TBX5 transcription factor to grow and sculpt the heart. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1414-8. [PMID: 16691575 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
TBX5 mutations cause the cardiac and limb defects of the autosomal dominant Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We have explored the role of the TBX5 transcription factor during cardiogenesis and have elucidated some of its functions in regulating myocardial cell proliferation and proepicardial cell migration. Our identification of TBX5 mutations has enabled us to offer genetic testing for diagnosis of HOS in patients and also to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis on blastocysts for couples desiring to have a child unaffected by HOS. We hope that our genetic testing approach will serve as a paradigm for mutation screening in other inherited syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy J Hatcher
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E. 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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