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Szymczak I, Pietrzyk-Brzezińska AJ, Duszyński K, Ryngajłło M. Characterization of the Putative Acylated Cellulose Synthase Operon in Komagataeibacter xylinus E25. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147851. [PMID: 35887199 PMCID: PMC9318390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is a natural polymer with an expanding array of applications. Because of this, the main cellulose producers of the Komagataeibacter genus have been extensively studied with the aim to increase its synthesis or to customize its physicochemical features. Up to now, the genetic studies in Komagataeibacter have focused on the first cellulose synthase operon (bcsI) encoding the main enzyme complex. However, the role of other accessory cellulose operons has been understudied. Here we aimed to fill this gap by performing a detailed analysis of the second cellulose synthase operon (bcsII), which is putatively linked with cellulose acylation. In this study we harnessed the genome sequence, gene expression and protein structure information of K. xylinus E25 and other Komagataeibacter species to discuss the probable features of bcsII and the biochemical function of its main protein products. The results of our study support the previous hypothesis that bcsII is involved in the synthesis of the acylated polymer and expand it by presenting the evidence that it may also function in the regulation of its attachment to the cell surface and to the crystalline cellulose fibers.
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2
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The Lectin LecB Induces Patches with Basolateral Characteristics at the Apical Membrane to Promote Pseudomonas aeruginosa Host Cell Invasion. mBio 2022; 13:e0081922. [PMID: 35491830 PMCID: PMC9239240 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect mucosal tissues of the human body. To persist at the mucosal barrier, this highly adaptable pathogen has evolved many strategies, including invasion of host cells. Here, we show that the P. aeruginosa lectin LecB binds and cross-links fucosylated receptors at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. This triggers a signaling cascade via Src kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the formation of patches enriched with the basolateral marker phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the apical plasma membrane. This identifies LecB as a causative bacterial factor for activating this well-known host cell response that is elicited upon apical binding of P. aeruginosa. Downstream from PI3K, Rac1 is activated to cause actin rearrangement and the outgrowth of protrusions at the apical plasma membrane. LecB-triggered PI3K activation also results in aberrant recruitment of caveolin-1 to the apical domain. In addition, we reveal a positive feedback loop between PI3K activation and apical caveolin-1 recruitment, which provides a mechanistic explanation for the previously observed implication of caveolin-1 in P. aeruginosa host cell invasion. Interestingly, LecB treatment also reversibly removes primary cilia. To directly prove the role of LecB for bacterial uptake, we coated bacterium-sized beads with LecB, which drastically enhanced their endocytosis. Furthermore, LecB deletion and LecB inhibition with l-fucose diminished the invasion efficiency of P. aeruginosa bacteria. Taken together, the results of our study identify LecB as a missing link that can explain how PI3K signaling and caveolin-1 recruitment are triggered to facilitate invasion of epithelial cells from the apical side by P. aeruginosa.
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Podvalnyy NM, Chesnov S, Nanni P, Gut M, Holland JP, Hennet T. Synthesis of photoactivable oligosaccharide derivatives from 1,2-cyclic carbamate building blocks and study of their interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108399. [PMID: 34298358 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the broad occurrence of carbohydrate-protein interactions in biology, the low binding affinities of such interactions hamper the characterization of carbohydrate binding sites in the absence of three-dimensional structural models. To allow the identification of proteins interacting with specific carbohydrate epitopes, we have developed new photoactivable oligosaccharide probes. Oligosaccharides containing the 1,2-cyclic carbamate group were attached to building blocks with a primary amino group to yield the corresponding urea derivatives. Cyclic carbamates of lactose, and 3- and 2'-fucosyl lactose, were used for the conjugation with building blocks containing photoactivable diazirine, benzophenone or aryl azido groups. The resulting oligosaccharide derivatives were tested for binding to Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL), Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA I). We found that ligands containing an aryl azido photoactivable group were successfully attached to lectins. The photoactivation reaction preserved lectin integrity, as no sign of protein degradation was visible. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the covalent binding of between one to three oligosaccharide probes, which matched with the expected carbohydrate-binding properties of the lectins tested. The conjugation of cyclic carbamate-derivatized oligosaccharides with photoactivable aryl azido groups thus represents a convenient approach to study protein-carbohydrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Chesnov
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich / University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich / University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Gut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecB Causes Integrin Internalization and Inhibits Epithelial Wound Healing. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03260-19. [PMID: 32156827 PMCID: PMC7064779 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03260-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa is able to switch between planktonic, intracellular, and biofilm-based lifestyles, which allows it to evade the immune system as well as antibiotic treatment. Hence, alternatives to antibiotic treatment are urgently required to combat P. aeruginosa infections. Lectins, like the fucose-specific LecB, are promising targets, because removal of LecB resulted in decreased virulence in mouse models. Currently, several research groups are developing LecB inhibitors. However, the role of LecB in host-pathogen interactions is not well understood. The significance of our research is in identifying cellular mechanisms of how LecB facilitates P. aeruginosa infection. We introduce LecB as a new member of the list of bacterial molecules that bind integrins and show that P. aeruginosa can move forward underneath attached epithelial cells by loosening cell-basement membrane attachment in a LecB-dependent manner. The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the fucose-specific lectin LecB, which has been identified as a virulence factor. LecB has a tetrameric structure with four opposing binding sites and has been shown to act as a cross-linker. Here, we demonstrate that LecB strongly binds to the glycosylated moieties of β1-integrins on the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells and causes rapid integrin endocytosis. Whereas internalized integrins were degraded via a lysosomal pathway, washout of LecB restored integrin cell surface localization, thus indicating a specific and direct action of LecB on integrins to bring about their endocytosis. Interestingly, LecB was able to trigger uptake of active and inactive β1-integrins and also of complete α3β1-integrin–laminin complexes. We provide a mechanistic explanation for this unique endocytic process by showing that LecB has the additional ability to recognize fucose-bearing glycosphingolipids and causes the formation of membrane invaginations on giant unilamellar vesicles. In cells, LecB recruited integrins to these invaginations by cross-linking integrins and glycosphingolipids. In epithelial wound healing assays, LecB specifically cleared integrins from the surface of cells located at the wound edge and blocked cell migration and wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the wild-type P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 was able to loosen cell-substrate adhesion in order to crawl underneath exposed cells, whereas knockout of LecB significantly reduced crawling events. Based on these results, we suggest that LecB has a role in disseminating bacteria along the cell-basement membrane interface.
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Plant lectins and their usage in preparing targeted nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:87-106. [PMID: 32068087 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant lectins, a natural source of glycans with a therapeutic potential may lead to the discovery of new targeted therapies. Glycans extracted from plant lectins are known to act as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) that are primarily present on immune cells. Plant-derived glycosylated lectins offer diversity in their N-linked oligosaccharide structures that can serve as a unique source of homogenous and heterogenous glycans. Among the plant lectins-derived glycan motifs, Man9GlcNAc2Asn exhibits high-affinity interactions with CLRs that may resemble glycan motifs of pathogens. Thus, such glycan domains when presented along with antigens complexed with a nanocarrier of choice may bewilder the immune cells and direct antigen cross-presentation - a cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells. Glycan structure analysis has attracted considerable interest as glycans are looked upon as better therapeutic alternatives than monoclonal antibodies due to their cost-effectiveness, reduced toxicity and side effects, and high specificity. Furthermore, this approach will be useful to understand whether the multivalent glycan presentation on the surface of nanocarriers can overcome the low-affinity lectin-ligand interaction and thereby modulation of CLR-dependent immune response. Besides this, understanding how the heterogeneity of glycan structure impacts the antigen cross-presentation is pivotal to develop alternative targeted therapies. In the present review, we discuss the findings on structural analysis of glycans from natural lectins performed using GlycanBuilder2 - a software tool based on a thorough literature review of natural lectins. Additionally, we discuss how multiple parameters like the orientation of glycan ligands, ligand density, simultaneous targeting of multiple CLRs and design of antigen delivery nanocarriers may influence the CLR targeting efficacy. Integrating this information will eventually set the ground for new generation immunotherapeutic vaccine design for the treatment of various human malignancies.
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6
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Synthesis of daunorubicin conjugates with fragments of H type 5, Lea, Lex antigens and N-fucoglycan. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Physicochemical Analysis and Essential Oils Extraction of the Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French Broom (Genista monspessulana), Two Highly Invasive Species in the Colombian Andes. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) and French broom (Genista monspessulana) are two highly invasive species that have become a threat to tropical countries, especially in Andean ecosystems. This research focused on providing a physicochemical characterization and essential oils extraction of both species to better understand their potential valorization and guide further environmental management efforts. For this purpose, the following analyses were conducted for both species: higher heat value (HHV), elemental analysis, proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis to obtain constituent natural polymers (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), and extraction of essential oils and other interest chemical compounds through supercritical fluids. Ecological closeness was found between the two species mostly regarding HHV, fixed carbon, and volatile matter, which calls for similar potential uses. Both species were also found to be suitable for combustion processes, gasification, extraction of chemical compounds, and use of lignocellulosic content; however, only U. europaeus appeared suitable for activated carbon obtention. Therefore, this work provided relevant data that can be used as preliminary basis to establish strong scientifically-based management and control strategies for these two invasive species. We recommend focusing primarily on thermal processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, or combustion, and also essential oils extractions of acetic acid, dodecanoic acid, anagyrine, amylene hydrate, caulophylline, and maltol in the future.
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Ka U A A, Ferens-Sieczkowska MA, Olejnik B, Ko Odziejczyk J, Zimmer M, Kratz EM. The content of immunomodulatory glycoepitopes in seminal plasma glycoproteins of fertile and infertile men. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:579-589. [PMID: 30380399 DOI: 10.1071/rd18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a concept of fetoembryonic defence, protein-carbohydrate interaction may be involved in the regulation of maternal immunity that prevents rejection of allograft spermatozoa, embryo and fetus. In the present study we focussed on the evaluation of the expression of glycoepitopes that may be of crucial importance in this process: LewisY (LeY) and LewisX (LeX) as well as terminal sialylation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate was used to separate seminal plasma samples of fertile (n=10) and infertile (n=103) men; these were then probed with lectins specific to fucose (Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin) and sialic acid (Sambucus nigra agglutinin and Maackia amurensis agglutinin). Differential expression of α2,3-bound sialic acid was found in six out of seven analysed bands, whereas differences in the other analysed glycoepitopes were found in fewer numbers of bands. Mass spectrometry analysis focussed on the identification of proteins carrying glycans with immunomodulatory epitopes, including fibronectin, lactoferrin, clusterin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, prostate acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen; these should be submitted to further detailed analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ka U A
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida Street 44A, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Miros Awa Ferens-Sieczkowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida Street 44A, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Olejnik
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida Street 44A, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Ko Odziejczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida Street 44A, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zimmer
- 2nd Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida Street 44A, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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Peungthum P, Sudprasert K, Amarit R, Somboonkaew A, Sutapun B, Vongsakulyanon A, Seedacoon W, Kitpoka P, Kunakorn M, Srikhirin T. Surface plasmon resonance imaging for ABH antigen detection on red blood cells and in saliva: secretor status-related ABO subgroup identification. Analyst 2018; 142:1471-1481. [PMID: 28345691 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low antigenic expression of ABO subgroup system on red blood cell (RBC) is cause of discrepancy between forward and reverse blood typing in the standard agglutination technique. Neutralization agglutination is employed for verification of the detection of ABH substances in saliva. However, the neutralization technique is complicated, time-consuming and requires expertise. To overcome these drawbacks, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging was developed for ABH antigen detection on RBCs and in saliva. An antibody array was designed to classify the ABO subgroups by anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H antibodies; the array was immobilized on a carboxymethyl-dextran sensor-surface. RBCs and saliva specimens from sixty-four donors were analysed by passing them over the antibody array, where the secretor status and blood group could be simultaneously identified. Consequently, the immobilized antibodies could specifically and quantitatively detect the ABH antigen on RBCs. Using the direct assay, the SPR signal of saliva detection was weaker than that of RBC detection. However, a sandwich assay with a mixture of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-H antibodies could efficiently enhance the signal. The sensor chip provided high specificity (cut-off at 100 to 175 micro refractive index units) and high precision at 0.06%-4.9% CV. The blood group results of the sixty-four donor specimens obtained by SPR agreed with the standard agglutination test with 100% accuracy. SPR could indicate different ABH antigen densities on the RBCs and nearly the same amounts of ABH substances in the saliva of strong and weak subgroups. Finally, we also demonstrated reduced assay time and fewer complications with the SPR imaging platform compared to the neutralization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patjaree Peungthum
- Center of Intelligent Materials and Systems, Nanotec Center of Excellence at Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Tiralongo J, Cooper O, Litfin T, Yang Y, King R, Zhan J, Zhao H, Bovin N, Day CJ, Zhou Y. YesU from Bacillus subtilis preferentially binds fucosylated glycans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13139. [PMID: 30177739 PMCID: PMC6120924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) with their corresponding glycan ligands is challenging to study both experimentally and computationally. This is in part due to their low binding affinity, high flexibility, and the lack of a linear sequence in carbohydrates, as exists in nucleic acids and proteins. We recently described a function-prediction technique called SPOT-Struc that identifies CBPs by global structural alignment and binding-affinity prediction. Here we experimentally determined the carbohydrate specificity and binding affinity of YesU (RCSB PDB ID: 1oq1), an uncharacterized protein from Bacillus subtilis that SPOT-Struc predicted would bind high mannose-type glycans. Glycan array analyses however revealed glycan binding patterns similar to those exhibited by fucose (Fuc)-binding lectins, with SPR analysis revealing high affinity binding to Lewisx and lacto-N-fucopentaose III. Structure based alignment of YesU revealed high similarity to the legume lectins UEA-I and GS-IV, and docking of Lewisx into YesU revealed a complex structure model with predicted binding affinity of −4.3 kcal/mol. Moreover the adherence of B. subtilis to intestinal cells was significantly inhibited by Lex and Ley but by not non-fucosylated glycans, suggesting the interaction of YesU to fucosylated glycans may be involved in the adhesion of B. subtilis to the gastrointestinal tract of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Oren Cooper
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Tom Litfin
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rebecca King
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jian Zhan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Lis-Kuberka J, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Królak-Olejnik B, Berghausen-Mazur M, Barańska K, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of human milk immunoglobulin G fucosylated variants in relation to milk maturation and perinatal risk factors. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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12
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Mechaly A, Alcalay R, Noy-Porat T, Epstein E, Gal Y, Mazor O. Novel Phage Display-Derived Anti-Abrin Antibodies Confer Post-Exposure Protection against Abrin Intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020080. [PMID: 29438273 PMCID: PMC5848181 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin toxin is a type 2 ribosome inactivating glycoprotein isolated from the seeds of Abrus precatorius (jequirity pea). Owing to its high toxicity, relative ease of purification and accessibility, it is considered a biological threat agent. To date, there is no effective post-exposure treatment for abrin poisoning and passive immunization remains the most effective therapy. However, the effectiveness of anti-abrin monoclonal antibodies for post-exposure therapy following abrin intoxication has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to isolate high affinity anti-abrin antibodies that possess potent toxin-neutralization capabilities. An immune scFv phage-display library was constructed from an abrin-immunized rabbit and a panel of antibodies (six directed against the A subunit of abrin and four against the B subunit) was isolated and expressed as scFv-Fc antibodies. By pair-wise analysis, we found that these antibodies target five distinct epitopes on the surface of abrin and that antibodies against all these sites can bind the toxin simultaneously. Several of these antibodies (namely, RB9, RB10, RB28 and RB30) conferred high protection against pulmonary intoxication of mice, when administered six hours post exposure to a lethal dose of abrin. The data presented in this study demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in treatment of mice after pulmonary intoxication with abrin and promote the use of these antibodies, one or several, for post-exposure treatment of abrin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Mechaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel;
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel; (R.A.); (T.N.-P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel; (R.A.); (T.N.-P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel;
| | - Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel; (R.A.); (T.N.-P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-938-5862; Fax: +972-8-938-1544
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13
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Collins BC, Gunn RJ, McKitrick TR, Cummings RD, Cooper MD, Herrin BR, Wilson IA. Structural Insights into VLR Fine Specificity for Blood Group Carbohydrates. Structure 2017; 25:1667-1678.e4. [PMID: 28988747 PMCID: PMC5677568 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-quality reagents to study and detect glycans with high specificity for research and clinical applications are severely lacking. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize several variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR)-based antibodies from lampreys immunized with O erythrocytes that specifically recognize the blood group H-trisaccharide type II antigen. Glycan microarray analysis and biophysical data reveal that these VLRs exhibit greater specificity for H-trisaccharide compared with the plant lectin UEA-1, which is widely used in blood typing. Among these antibodies, O13 exhibits superior specificity for H-trisaccharide, the basis for which is revealed by comparative analysis of high-resolution VLR:glycan crystal structures. Using a structure-guided approach, we designed an O13 mutant with further enhanced specificity for H-trisaccharide. These insights into glycan recognition by VLRs suggest that lampreys can produce highly specific glycan antibodies, and are a valuable resource for the production of next-generation glycan reagents for biological and biomedical research and as diagnostics and therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibody Specificity
- Binding Sites
- Blood Group Antigens/analysis
- Blood Group Antigens/immunology
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/methods
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Erythrocytes/chemistry
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Lampreys/immunology
- Models, Molecular
- Plant Lectins/chemistry
- Plant Lectins/immunology
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Trisaccharides/chemistry
- Trisaccharides/immunology
- Trisaccharides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Collins
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robin J Gunn
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tanya R McKitrick
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Max D Cooper
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road North-East, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brantley R Herrin
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road North-East, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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A biolayer interferometry-based assay for rapid and highly sensitive detection of biowarfare agents. Anal Biochem 2016; 506:22-7. [PMID: 27156814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biolayer interferometry (BLI) is an optical technique that uses fiber-optic biosensors for label-free real-time monitoring of protein-protein interactions. In this study, we coupled the advantages of the Octet Red BLI system (automation, fluidics-free, and on-line monitoring) with a signal enhancement step and developed a rapid and sensitive immunological-based method for detection of biowarfare agents. As a proof of concept, we chose to demonstrate the efficacy of this novel assay for the detection of agents representing two classes of biothreats, proteinaceous toxins, and bacterial pathogens: ricin, a lethal plant toxin, and the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia. The assay setup consisted of biotinylated antibodies immobilized to the biosensor coupled with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies as the detection moiety to create nonsoluble substrate crystals that precipitate on the sensor surface, thereby inducing a significant wavelength interference. It was found that this BLI-based assay enables sensitive detection of these pathogens (detection limits of 10 pg/ml and 1 × 10(4) pfu/ml ricin and F. tularensis, respectively) within a very short time frame (17 min). Owing to its simplicity, this assay can be easily adapted to detect other analytes in general, and biowarfare agents in particular, in a rapid and sensitive manner.
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Noy-Porat T, Rosenfeld R, Ariel N, Epstein E, Alcalay R, Zvi A, Kronman C, Ordentlich A, Mazor O. Isolation of Anti-Ricin Protective Antibodies Exhibiting High Affinity from Immunized Non-Human Primates. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8030064. [PMID: 26950154 PMCID: PMC4810209 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin, derived from the castor bean plant Ricinus communis, is one of the most potent and lethal toxins known, against which there is no available antidote. To date, the use of neutralizing antibodies is the most promising post-exposure treatment for ricin intoxication. The aim of this study was to isolate high affinity anti-ricin antibodies that possess potent toxin-neutralization capabilities. Two non-human primates were immunized with either a ricin-holotoxin- or subunit-based vaccine, to ensure the elicitation of diverse high affinity antibodies. By using a comprehensive set of primers, immune scFv phage-displayed libraries were constructed and panned. A panel of 10 antibodies (five directed against the A subunit of ricin and five against the B subunit) was isolated and reformatted into a full-length chimeric IgG. All of these antibodies were found to neutralize ricin in vitro, and several conferred full protection to ricin-intoxicated mice when given six hours after exposure. Six antibodies were found to possess exceptionally high affinity toward the toxin, with KD values below pM (koff < 1 × 10−7 s−1) that were well correlated with their ability to neutralize ricin. These antibodies, alone or in combination, could be used for the development of a highly-effective therapeutic preparation for post-exposure treatment of ricin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Naomi Ariel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Anat Zvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Chanoch Kronman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Arie Ordentlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
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Yoshimoto J, Okada S, Kishi M, Misaka T. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-1 Is a Reliable Taste Bud Marker for In Situ Hybridization Analyses. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:205-15. [PMID: 26718243 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415626987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste signals are received by taste buds. To better understand the taste reception system, expression patterns of taste-related molecules are determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses at the histological level. Nevertheless, even though ISH is essential for determining mRNA expression, few taste bud markers can be applied together with ISH. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) appears to be a reliable murine taste bud marker based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. However, there is no evidence as to whether UEA-1 can be used for ISH. Thus, the present study evaluated UEA-1 using various histochemical methods, especially ISH. When lectin staining was performed after ISH procedures, UEA-1 clearly labeled taste cellular membranes and distinctly indicated boundaries between taste buds and the surrounding epithelial cells. Additionally, UEA-1 was determined as a taste bud marker not only when used in single-colored ISH but also when employed with double-labeled ISH or during simultaneous detection using IHC and ISH methods. These results suggest that UEA-1 is a useful marker when conducting analyses based on ISH methods. To clarify UEA-1 staining details, multi-fluorescent IHC (together with UEA-1 staining) was examined, resulting in more than 99% of cells being labeled by UEA-1 and overlapping with KCNQ1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joto Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM),Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings, Aichi, Japan (JY, MK)
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM)
| | - Mikiya Kishi
- Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings, Aichi, Japan (JY, MK)
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (JY, SO, TM)
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Lis-Kuberka J, Kątnik-Prastowska I, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Lectin-based analysis of fucosylated glycoproteins of human skim milk during 47 days of lactation. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:665-74. [PMID: 26318738 PMCID: PMC4651984 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins of human milk are multifunctional molecules, and their fucosylated variants are potentially active molecules in immunological events ensuring breastfed infants optimal development and protection against infection diseases. The expression of fucosylated glycotopes may correspond to milk maturation stages. The relative amounts of fucosylated glycotopes of human skim milk glycoproteins over the course of lactation from the 2nd day to the 47th day were analyzed in colostrums, transitional and mature milk samples of 43 healthy mothers by lectin-blotting using α1-2-, α1-6-, and α1-3-fucose specific biotinylated Ulex europaeus (UEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA) lectins, respectively. The reactivities of UEA and LCA with the milk glycoproteins showed the highest expression of α1-2- and α1-6-fucosylated glycotopes on colostrum glycoproteins. The level of UEA-reactive glycoproteins from the beginning of lactation to the 14th day was high and relatively stable in contrast to LCA-reactive glycoproteins, the level of which significantly decreased from 2–3 to 7–8 days then remained almost unchanged until the 12th–14th days. Next, during the progression of lactation the reactivities with both lectins declined significantly. Eighty percent of α1-2- and/or α1-6-fucosylated glycoproteins showed a high negative correlation with milk maturation. In contrast, most of the analyzed milk glycoproteins were not recognized or weakly recognized by LTA and remained at a low unchanged level over lactation. Only a 30-kDa milk glycoprotein was evidently LTA-reactive, showing a negative correlation with milk maturation. The gradual decline of high expression of α1-2- and α1-6-, but not α1-3-, fucoses on human milk glycoproteins of healthy mothers over lactation was associated with milk maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Berghausen-Mazur
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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Pattern Recognition in Legume Lectins to Extrapolate Amino Acid Variability to Sugar Specificity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Characterization and epitope mapping of the polyclonal antibody repertoire elicited by ricin holotoxin-based vaccination. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1534-40. [PMID: 25209559 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00510-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ricin, one of the most potent and lethal toxins known, is classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a select agent. Currently, there is no available antidote against ricin exposure, and the most promising therapy is based on neutralizing antibodies elicited by active vaccination or that are given passively. The aim of this study was to characterize the repertoire of anti-ricin antibodies generated in rabbits immunized with ricin toxoid. These anti-ricin antibodies exhibit an exceptionally high avidity (thiocyanate-based avidity index, 9 M) toward ricin and an apparent affinity of 1 nM. Utilizing a novel tissue culture-based assay that enables the determination of ricin activity within a short time period, we found that the anti-ricin antibodies also possess a very high neutralizing titer. In line with these findings, these antibodies conferred mice with full protection against pulmonary ricinosis when administered as a passive vaccination. Epitope mapping analysis using phage display random peptide libraries revealed that the polyclonal serum contains four immunodominant epitopes, three of which are located on the A subunit and one on the B subunit of ricin. Only two of the four epitopes were found to have a significant role in ricin neutralization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that characterizes these immunological aspects of the polyclonal response to ricin holotoxin-based vaccination. These findings provide useful information and a possible strategy for the development and design of an improved ricin holotoxin-based vaccine.
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Agostino M, Velkov T, Dingjan T, Williams SJ, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. The carbohydrate-binding promiscuity of Euonymus europaeus lectin is predicted to involve a single binding site. Glycobiology 2014; 25:101-14. [PMID: 25209582 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL) is a carbohydrate-binding protein derived from the fruit of the European spindle tree. EEL was first identified for its erythrocyte agglutinating properties and specificity for B and H blood groups. However, a detailed molecular picture of the structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by EEL remains to be developed. In this study, we performed fluorescence titrations of a range of carbohydrates against EEL. Binding of EEL to a wide range of carbohydrates was observed, including a series of blood group-related carbohydrates, mannosides, chitotriose and sialic acid. Affinity was strongest for carbohydrates with H-related structures and the B trisaccharide. A homology model of EEL was produced from templates identified using the HHPred server, which employs hidden Markov models (HMMs) to identify templates. The HMM approach identified that the best templates for EEL were proteins featuring a ricin B-like (R-type) fold. Separate templates were used to model the core and binding site regions of the lectin. Through the use of constrained docking and spatial comparison with a template ligand, binding modes for the carbohydrate ligands were predicted. A relationship between the experimental binding energies and the computed binding energies of the selected docked poses was determined and optimized. Collectively, our results suggest that EEL utilizes a single site for recognition of carbohydrates terminating in a variety of monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona 08034, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Augustyniak D, Hirnle L, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of fucose and sialic acid expressions on human amniotic IgA during normal pregnancy. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:599-608. [PMID: 23250795 PMCID: PMC3717160 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sugar moiety of IgA is known to provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Terminally located glycotopes on IgA are potential ligands engaged in the interactions which may modulate the biological activities of IgA. In the present work the expressions of Maackia amurensis (MAA), Sambucus nigra (SNA), Lens culinaris (LCA), Tetragonolobus purpureus (LTA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA) reactive glycotopes on maternal plasma and amniotic IgA were evaluated in relation to the progression of a normal human pregnancy, from the 2nd trimester, throughout the 3rd trimester, perinatal period, post-date pregnancy and delivery, by lectin-IgA-ELISA, using specific biotinylated lectins. The amniotic and maternal plasma IgA concentrations and a degree of SNA and LCA reactivity of maternal plasma IgA were almost unaltered during the normal pregnancy. The amniotic IgA from the 2nd trimester was decorated by MAA-, SNA-reactive and LCA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive glycotopes. At the turn of the 2nd and 3rd trimesters the expression of MAA-, SNA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive glycotopes, except for LCA-reactive, increased and remained almost at unaltered levels throughout the perinatal period and delivery. However, in the post-date pregnancy the expression of LCA-, LTA-, and UEA-reactive and SNA-reactive glycotopes were significantly higher. The unique fucosylated and sialylated glycovariants of amniotic IgA associated with the progression of the normal pregnancy may illustrate a general importance of carbohydrate-lectin receptor interactions in the control and modulation of biological events to ensuring homeostasis during pregnancy, protection and well-being of fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Hirnle L, Kątnik-Prastowska I. HIGH EXPRESSION OF α1,2- AND α1,6-LINKED FUCOSES ON AMNIOTIC AGP AS A BIOMARKER OF FETAL POSTMATURITY RISK. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 32:103-13. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2010.543220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Expression and potential biological role of α(1,2)fucosylated glycotopes on amniotic and seminal fibronectins. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:355-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0390355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes concisely the expression and role of α(1,2)-linked fucose on some glycoconjugates as well as the detection, distribution and potential role of that glycotope on human soluble plasma and cellular fibronectins in addition to the expression on both normal and pathological amniotic fluid and seminal plasma fibronectins. The determination of α(1,2)fucosylated glycans is considered with respect to its usefulness as a potential clinically applicable biomarker in obstetrics to monitor pregnancy and in andrology to evaluate the ejaculate of infertile men and in vitro fertilization.
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Radziejewska I, Borzym-Kluczyk M, Namiot Z, Stefańska E. Glycosylation of mucins present in gastric juice: the effect of helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Clin Exp Med 2010; 11:81-8. [PMID: 20953890 PMCID: PMC3087108 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that gastric mucins, and in particular some specific glycan structures that can act as carbohydrate receptors, are involved in the interactions with Helicobacter pylori adhesins. The main aim of our study was to evaluate glycosylation pattern of glycoproteins of gastric juice before and at the end of eradication therapy. Gastric juices were taken from 13 clinical patients and subjected to analysis. Pooled fractions of the void volume obtained after gel filtration were subjected to ELISA tests. To assess the relative amounts of carbohydrate structures, lectins and monoclonal antibodies were used. Changes in the level of MUC 1 and MUC 5AC mucins and of carbohydrate structures, which are suggested to be receptors for Helicobacter pylori adhesins, were observed by the end of the eradication treatment. Our results support the idea about the involvement of MUC 5AC and MUC 1 with some specific sugar structures in the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Poland.
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Kratz EM, Borysewicz K, Katnik-Prastowska I. Terminal monosaccharide screening of synovial immunoglobulins G and A for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:1285-92. [PMID: 19816690 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expressions of some terminal glycotopes of synovial immunoglobulins G, A, and M were analysed in relation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression defined according to early and advanced radiological changes in patients' hands. The relative amounts of terminal monosaccharides were determined by lectin-immunoblotting of immunoglobulin preparations using appropriate lectins able to recognize alpha2,6-linked (Sambucus nigra agglutinin) and alpha2,3-linked (Maackia amurensis agglutinin) sialic acid, galactose (Ricinus communis agglutinin I), N-acetylglucosamine (Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II) as well as alpha1,6-linked (Aleuria aurantia lectin), alpha1,3-linked (Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin), and alpha1,2-linked (Ulex europaeus agglutinin) fucose. The results indicate differences between early and advanced RA stages in the terminal sugar exposition of synovial IgG and IgA, but not IgM. The galactose-deficient glycotope with exposed N-acetylglucosamine of the synovial 33.1-kDa IgG fragment appeared exclusively in the early stage of RA. In contrast, this glycotope of intact synovial IgG and IgA was present in both groups, although with higher proportions in advanced RA. The proportions of the sialyl and fucosyl determinants of intact synovial A and G immunoglobulins were clearly lower in the early RA group than in the advanced. The analysis of terminal oligosaccharide exposition in IgG, IgG fragments, and IgA present in the synovial fluid of RA patients might be applicable as a stage-specific marker in the diagnosis and therapy of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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The expression of fucose isoforms of amniotic and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein derived from 2nd and 3rd trimester normal pregnancies. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1517-23. [PMID: 19616527 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse modifications in AGP fucosylation in relation to different stages of human pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS The relative amounts of three fucosyl-glycotopes on AGP were analysed by lectin-ELISA using fucose-specific biotinylated lectins in 169 plasma and 178 amniotic fluid samples from normal pregnancies with gestational ages of 14 to 42 weeks. RESULTS The plasma AGPs of all the pregnant women and amniotic AGPs from the 2nd trimester lacked fucoses. In contrast, in the 3rd trimester the amniotic AGPs were highly decorated by the innermost alpha1,6-fucose as well as alpha1,2- and alpha1,3-fucoses of the outer arms, reaching the highest expression around the perinatal period. At delivery the relative amounts of the alpha1,3- and alpha1,2-AGP isoforms, but not the alpha1,6 isoform, significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The highly fucosylated amniotic AGP isoforms could be implicated in regulatory processes to ensure homeostasis during pregnancy and to protect the fetus. They have the potential of becoming laboratory markers in obstetrics to monitor pregnancy.
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Przybysz M, Maszczak D, Borysewicz K, Szechiński J, Katnik-Prastowska I. Relative sialylation and fucosylation of synovial and plasma fibronectins in relation to the progression and activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Glycoconj J 2007; 24:543-50. [PMID: 17610063 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The expressions of terminal sugars in synovial and plasma fibronectins were studied in relation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression defined according to the early, established and late radiological changes in the patients' hands. The relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose were analyzed by lectin-ELISA using appropriate sialic acid-linked alpha2-3 (Maackia amurensis) and alpha2-6 (Sambucus nigra) lectins as well as fucose-linked alpha1-6 (Aleuria aurantia), alpha1-2 (Ulex europaeus), and alpha1-3 (Tetragonolobus purpureus). In the early RA group, the synovial fibronectin reactivities were the lowest with the all lectins used. In the established and late groups, relative sialylation and fucosylation significantly increased. However, sialylation negligibly decreased, whereas fucosylation remained at nearly the same level in the late group. Moreover, the expression of alpha1-6-linked fucose was found to be related to disease activity. In contrast, plasma fibronectin reactivity with lectins showed different dynamic alterations. In the early RA group, the reactivity of fibronectin with the lectins used was similar to that of healthy individuals, whereas it increased significantly in the established RA group compared with the early and normal plasma groups. In the late RA group it decreased to a level similar to that of the normal group. The lower expressions of terminal sugars in synovial fibronectin were mainly associated with the early degenerative processes of RA. In conclusion, such alterations may be applicable as a stage-specific marker for diagnosis and therapy of RA patients. The higher expression of terminal sugars in fibronectin could be associated with repair and adaptation processes in longstanding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Przybysz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
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Kolomiets E, Johansson EMV, Renaudet O, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Neoglycopeptide dendrimer libraries as a source of lectin binding ligands. Org Lett 2007; 9:1465-8. [PMID: 17352485 DOI: 10.1021/ol070119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A 15 625-membered peptide dendrimer combinatorial library was acylated with an alpha-C-fucosyl residue at its four N-termini and screened for binding to fucose-specific lectins. Dendrimer FD2 (Fuc-alpha-CH2CO-Lys-Pro-Leu)4(Lys-Phe-Lys-Ile)2Lys-His-Ile-NH2 was identified as a potent ligand against Ulex europaeus lectin UEA-I (IC50 = 11 microM) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin PA-IIL (IC50 = 0.14 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolomiets
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
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29
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Hirnle L, Katnik-Prastowska I. Amniotic fibronectin fragmentation and expression of its domains, sialyl and fucosyl glycotopes associated with pregnancy complicated by intrauterine infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:208-14. [PMID: 17311510 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The presence of fibronectin fragments has been observed in some inflammatory diseases and is believed to reflect tissue breakdown. In this study, possible fibronectin fragmentation and alterations in its domain and sialyl and fucosyl glycotope expressions were analyzed in amniotic fluids in relation to intrauterine infection.: Samples of amniotic fluid were taken from normal pregnancies and pregnancies (28 and 42 weeks) complicated by intrauterine infection. Fibronectin fragmentation was analyzed by immunoblotting. The expression of cellular, fibrin, C-terminal and EDA fibronectin domains, as well as α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids, and α1,6-, α1,3- and α1,2-linked fucoses, was determined by ELISA, using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies and specific lectins, respectively.: Amniotic fibronectin immunoblots from pregnancies with intrauterine infection revealed three groups of results. In group 1, with the native fibronectin band, and in group 2 with bands of native fibronectin and several fibronectin fragments, only higher α1,6-linked fucose expression was observed. In the infection group 3, characterized by profound fragmentation of fibronectin, lower expression of all fibronectin domains analyzed and of α1,6-linked sialic acid and α1,2-linked fucose was found.: Amniotic fibronectin status was found to be associated with pregnancy complicated by intrauterine infection. Such alterations could have a potential diagnostic value in the prevention of or intervention in fetal intrauterine infection.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:208–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Hirnle
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Johansson EMV, Kolomiets E, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Combinatorial variation of branching length and multivalency in a large (390 625 member) glycopeptide dendrimer library: ligands for fucose-specific lectins. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Floriański J, Zalewski J, Katnik-Prastowska I. Relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates in relation to pregnancy age. Glycoconj J 2006; 22:433-42. [PMID: 16311888 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-005-4437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present knowledge concerning the glycan structures and role of glycoconjugates derived from amniotic fluid is fragmentary and mainly focuses on the individual glycoproteins. The question has arisen as whether the general glycosylation pattern of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates can change with the progression of a normal pregnancy. In the present work we have described the dynamic, quantitative alterations in relative amounts of sialic acid and fucose linked by a variety of anomeric linkages to subterminal oligosaccharide structures of amniotic fluid glycoconjugates in relation to pregnancy age. The analysis was performed in the following groups of amniotic fluids derived from normal pregnancy by lectin dotting method: "2nd trimester" (14-19 weeks), "3rd trimester" (29-37 weeks), "perinatal period" (38-40 weeks) , "delivery at term" (39-41 weeks) and "post date pregnancy" (41-43 weeks). In the "3rd trimester" the amniotic fluid glycoconjugates contained higher relative amounts of glycans terminated by alpha2-6-linked sialic acid (p < 0.00002) and by alpha1-6 innermost fucose (p < 0.000001) than those in the 2nd trimester. In contrast, they showed the lower relative amount of fucose linked alpha1-3 (p < 0.02). At the perinatal period the relative amount of alpha2-6-linked sialic acid increased (p < 0.03), and it then decreased during delivery (p < 0.02) to the level found in the "3rd trimester" group. In the post date pregnancy all parameters studied increased. The sialyl- and fucosyl-glycotopes of the amniotic fluid glycoconjugates may play an critical role in growth and tissue remodeling of the foetus, as well as may might reflect maturation of a foetus. Additionally, a determination of the glycotope expressions might be helpful in prenatal diagnosis as predictor factors for well being of mother and child.
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Buts L, Garcia-Pino A, Imberty A, Amiot N, Boons GJ, Beeckmans S, Versées W, Wyns L, Loris R. Structural basis for the recognition of complex-type biantennary oligosaccharides by Pterocarpus angolensis lectin. FEBS J 2006; 273:2407-20. [PMID: 16704415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Pterocarpus angolensis lectin is determined in its ligand-free state, in complex with the fucosylated biantennary complex type decasaccharide NA2F, and in complex with a series of smaller oligosaccharide constituents of NA2F. These results together with thermodynamic binding data indicate that the complete oligosaccharide binding site of the lectin consists of five subsites allowing the specific recognition of the pentasaccharide GlcNAc beta(1-2)Man alpha(1-3)[GlcNAc beta(1-2)Man alpha(1-6)]Man. The mannose on the 1-6 arm occupies the monosaccharide binding site while the GlcNAc residue on this arm occupies a subsite that is almost identical to that of concanavalin A (con A). The core mannose and the GlcNAc beta(1-2)Man moiety on the 1-3 arm on the other hand occupy a series of subsites distinct from those of con A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Buts
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Belgium
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Garcia-Pino A, Loris R, Wyns L, Buts L. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Man(alpha1-2)Man-specific lectin from Bowringia mildbraedii in complex with its carbohydrate ligand. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2005; 61:931-4. [PMID: 16511199 PMCID: PMC1991310 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910502854x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The lectin from Bowringia mildbraedii seeds crystallizes in the presence of the disaccharide Man(alpha1-2)Man. The best crystals grow at 293 K within four weeks after a pre-incubation at 277 K to induce nucleation. A complete data set was collected to a resolution of 1.90 A using synchrotron radiation. The crystals belong to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 66.06, b = 86.35, c = 91.76 A, and contain one lectin monomer in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Garcia-Pino
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lode Wyns
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lieven Buts
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
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Loris R, Van Walle I, De Greve H, Beeckmans S, Deboeck F, Wyns L, Bouckaert J. Structural Basis of Oligomannose Recognition by the Pterocarpus angolensis Seed Lectin. J Mol Biol 2004; 335:1227-40. [PMID: 14729339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a Man/Glc-specific lectin from the seeds of the bloodwood tree (Pterocarpus angolensis), a leguminous plant from central Africa, has been determined in complex with mannose and five manno-oligosaccharides. The lectin contains a classical mannose-specificity loop, but its metal-binding loop resembles that of lectins of unrelated specificity from Ulex europaeus and Maackia amurensis. As a consequence, the interactions with mannose in the primary binding site are conserved, but details of carbohydrate-binding outside the primary binding site differ from those seen in the equivalent carbohydrate complexes of concanavalin A. These observations explain the differences in their respective fine specificity profiles for oligomannoses. While Man(alpha1-3)Man and Man(alpha1-3)[Man(alpha1-6)]Man bind to PAL in low-energy conformations identical with that of ConA, Man(alpha1-6)Man is required to adopt a different conformation. Man(alpha1-2)Man can bind only in a single binding mode, in sharp contrast to ConA, which creates a higher affinity for this disaccharide by allowing two binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Building E, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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Fujihashi M, Peapus DH, Kamiya N, Nagata Y, Miki K. Crystal Structure of Fucose-Specific Lectin fromAleuria aurantiaBinding Ligands at Three of Its Five Sugar Recognition Sites†,‡. Biochemistry 2003; 42:11093-9. [PMID: 14503859 DOI: 10.1021/bi034983z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aleuria aurantia possesses a fucose-specific lectin (AAL) that is widely used as a specific probe for fucose. Fucosylated sugars often play pivotal roles in many cellular processes. We have determined the crystal structure of AAL at 2.24 A resolution in complex with only three fucose molecules in its five sugar binding sites of a six-fold beta-propeller structure. Very recently, the structure of AAL has been independently determined, showing that all the five binding sites were occupied by fucose molecules [Wimmerova, M., et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 27059-27067]. Stabilization of the arginine conformation bound to fucose molecules plays an essential role in generating the difference in the affinity in the five binding sites. Binding models with a couple of saccharides based on biochemical assays suggest that hydrophobic contacts also play important roles in AAL recognizing its ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujihashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Lambkin I, Pinilla C, Hamashin C, Spindler L, Russell S, Schink A, Moya-Castro R, Allicotti G, Higgins L, Smith M, Dee J, Wilson C, Houghten R, O'Mahony D. Toward targeted oral vaccine delivery systems: selection of lectin mimetics from combinatorial libraries. Pharm Res 2003; 20:1258-66. [PMID: 12948024 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025061317400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various lectins bind specifically to oligosaccharides on intestinal cells. Exploiting this specificity, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA1) has been used as a ligand for targeted oral vaccine delivery to M cells (antigen-presenting cells) in follicle-associated epithelium. In this study we characterized compounds identified from mixture-based positional scanning synthetic combinatorial libraries, which mimic UEA1 and, thus, may have properties applicable to targeted drug delivery. METHODS Two UEA1 mimetics were synthesized and their activity was verified on live cells. The ability of the lead compound, a tetragalloyl D-Lysine amide construct (4-copy gallic acid construct), to deliver dye-loaded polystyrene particles to M cells was assessed in an in situ mouse gut loop model. RESULTS The 4-copy gallic acid construct inhibited UEA1 binding to Caco-2 cell membranes with an IC50 of 3 microM, a 650- to 5000-fold increase over the natural UEA1 substrate alpha-L-fucose. The biotin-labeled derivative of this construct demonstrated comparable binding activity as verified on live cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Preclinical studies confirmed its ability to mediate M cell-specific delivery of streptavidin-coated particles in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenolic compounds, D-Lysine scaffolds with multiple galloyl groups, can mimic functional activities of UEA1. Properties of such molecules, including low molecular weight, stability, ease of synthesis and low cost, highlight their potential for application in targeted vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Lambkin
- Elan Drug Delivery, Biotechnology Building, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Loris R, Imberty A, Beeckmans S, Van Driessche E, Read JS, Bouckaert J, De Greve H, Buts L, Wyns L. Crystal structure of Pterocarpus angolensis lectin in complex with glucose, sucrose, and turanose. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:16297-303. [PMID: 12595543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the Man/Glc-specific seed lectin from Pterocarpus angolensis was determined in complex with methyl-alpha-d-glucose, sucrose, and turanose. The carbohydrate binding site contains a classic Man/Glc type specificity loop. Its metal binding loop on the other hand is of the long type, different from what is observed in other Man/Glc-specific legume lectins. Glucose binding in the primary binding site is reminiscent of the glucose complexes of concanavalin A and lentil lectin. Sucrose is found to be bound in a conformation similar as seen in the binding site of lentil lectin. A direct hydrogen bond between Ser-137(OG) to Fru(O2) in Pterocarpus angolensis lectin replaces a water-mediated interaction in the equivalent complex of lentil lectin. In the turanose complex, the binding site of the first molecule in the asymmetric unit contains the alphaGlc1-3betaFruf form of furanose while the second molecule contains the alphaGlc1-3betaFrup form in its binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Wangikar PP, Tendulkar AV, Ramya S, Mali DN, Sarawagi S. Functional sites in protein families uncovered via an objective and automated graph theoretic approach. J Mol Biol 2003; 326:955-78. [PMID: 12581652 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for detection of recurring side-chain patterns (DRESPAT) using an unbiased and automated graph theoretic approach. We first list all structural patterns as sub-graphs where the protein is represented as a graph. The patterns from proteins are compared pair-wise to detect patterns common to a protein pair based on content and geometry criteria. The recurring pattern is then detected using an automated search algorithm from the all-against-all pair-wise comparison data of proteins. Intra-protein pattern comparison data are used to enable detection of patterns recurring within a protein. A method has been proposed for empirical calculation of statistical significance of recurring pattern. The method was tested on 17 protein sets of varying size, composed of non-redundant representatives from SCOP superfamilies. Recurring patterns in serine proteases, cysteine proteases, lipases, cupredoxin, ferredoxin, ferritin, cytochrome c, aspartoyl proteases, peroxidases, phospholipase A2, endonuclease, SH3 domain, EF-hand and lectins show additional residues conserved in the vicinity of the known functional sites. On the basis of the recurring patterns in ferritin, EF-hand and lectins, we could separate proteins or domains that are structurally similar yet different in metal ion-binding characteristics. In addition, novel recurring patterns were observed in glutathione-S-transferase, phospholipase A2 and ferredoxin with potential structural/functional roles. The results are discussed in relation to the known functional sites in each family. Between 2000 and 50,000 patterns were enumerated from each protein with between ten and 500 patterns detected as common to an evolutionarily related protein pair. Our results show that unbiased extraction of functional site pattern is not feasible from an evolutionarily related protein pair but is feasible from protein sets comprising five or more proteins. The DRESPAT method does not require a user-defined pattern, size or location of the pattern and therefore, has the potential to uncover new functional sites in protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400 076, India.
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Oliveira JTA, Melo VMM, Câmara MFL, Vasconcelos IM, Beltramini LM, Machado OLT, Gomes VM, Pereira SP, Fernandes CF, Nunes EP, Capistrano GGG, Monteiro-Moreira ACO. Purification and physicochemical characterization of a cotyledonary lectin from Luetzelburgia auriculata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 61:301-310. [PMID: 12359516 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A lectin was purified from the cotyledons of Luetzelburgia auriculata (Fr. All) Ducke by affinity chromatography on agarose-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lectin is a potent agglutinin for rabbit erythrocytes, reacts with human red cells, but is inactive against cow, sheep, and goat erythrocytes. Hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes was inhibited by either 0.39 mM N-acetyl-neuraminic acid or N-acetyl-D-galactosamin, 12.5 mM D-lactose or D-melibiose, 50 mM D-galactose or raffinose. Its hemagglutinating activity was lost at 80 degrees C, 5 min, and the activation energy required for denaturation was 104.75 kJ mol(-1). Chromatography on Sephadex G-100, at pH 7.6, showed that at this hydrogenic ionic concentration the native lectin was a homotetramer (123.5 kDa). By denaturing SDS-PAGE, LAA seemed to be composed of a mixture of 29 and 15 kDa polypeptide subunits. At acidic and basic pHs it assumed different conformations, as demonstrated by exclusion chromatography on Superdex 200 HR 10/30. The N-terminal sequence of the 29 kDa band was SEVVSFSFTKFNPNQKDII and the 15 kDa band contained a mixture of SEVVSFSFTKFNPNQKDII and KFNQIVAVEEDTDXESQPQ sequences, indicating that these bands may represent full-length and its endogenous fragments, respectively. The lectin is a glycoprotein having 3.2% neutral carbohydrate, with a pI of 5.8, containing high levels of Asp+Asn and Glu+Gln and hydroxy amino acids, and low amount or absence of sulfur amino acids. Its absorption spectrum showed a maximum at 280 nm and a epsilon (1%) x (1cm) of 5.2. Its CD spectrum was characterized by minima near 228 nm, maxima near 196 nm and a negative to positive crossover at 210 nm. The secondary structure content was 6% alpha-helix, 8% parallel beta-sheet, 38% antiparallel beta-sheet, 17% beta-turn, 31% unordered and others contribution, and 1% RMS (root mean square). In the fluorescence spectroscopy, excitation of the lectin solution at 280 nm gave an emission spectrum in the 285-445 nm range. The wavelength maximum emission was in 334.5 nm, typical for tryptophan residues buried inside the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6020, CEP 60451-970, CE, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Audette GF, Olson DJ, Ross AR, Quail JW, Delbaere LT. Examination of the structural basis for O(H) blood group specificity byUlex europaeusLectin I. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural basis for carbohydrate specificity of the first lectin from Ulex europaeus (UE-I) is reported. UE-I is a dimeric metalloglycoprotein that binds the H-type 2 human blood group determinant (α-L-Fucα(1[Formula: see text]2)-β;-D-Galβ(1[Formula: see text]4)-β-D-GlcNAcα-), the blood group determinant present on the surface of O-type erythrocytes. The structural characteristics of UE-I involved in carbohydrate recognition have been examined using mass spectrometry (MS) and X-ray diffraction analysis. MS analysis allowed for discrimination between the different primary structures reported for UE-I. To examine the binding of the H-type 2 blood group determinant by UE-I, the methyl glycosides of the fucose monosaccharide (α-L-Fuc-OMe), known to exhibit primary binding specificity, and the H-type 2 trisaccharide (H-type 2-OMe) were, in two separate experiments, co-crystallized into the binding site of UE-I. The UE-I:α-L-Fuc-OMe complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21, with unit cell dimensions a = 71.81, b = 69.00, and c = 119.02 Å, and β = 106.76°. Two UE-I dimers are observed to be present within the asymmetric unit, and the model has been refined to a R-value and RFreeof 0.202 and 0.289, respectively, to 2.3 Å resolution. The preliminary model of the UE-I:H-type 2-OMe complex has been refined at 3.0 Å resolution. The UE-I:H-type 2-OMe complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group C2221, with unit cell dimensions a = 88.80, b = 164.75, and c = 77.42 Å, and a single UE-I dimer is present within the asymmetric unit. The carbohydrate recognition domain of UE-I has been identified to be comprised of residues Glu44, Thr86, Asp87, Arg102, Ala103, Gly104, Gly105, Tyr106, Ile129, Val133, Asn134, Trp136, Tyr219, and Arg222. Several critical protein-carbohydrate interactions have been identified, including the role of the hydrophobic interaction between the Thr86 side chain and C-5-CH3of the α-L-Fuc-OMe. The role of these interactions in carbohydrate recognition-binding by UE-I, as well as differences between the observed and previously modeled complexes, are discussed. Key words: Ulex europaeus lectin I, H-type 2 human blood group determinant, protein-carbohydrate interactions, X-ray crystallography, chemical mapping.
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Lescar J, Loris R, Mitchell E, Gautier C, Chazalet V, Cox V, Wyns L, Pérez S, Breton C, Imberty A. Isolectins I-A and I-B of Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia. Crystal structure of metal-free GS I-B(4) and molecular basis for metal binding and monosaccharide specificity. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:6608-14. [PMID: 11714720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109867200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds from the African legume shrub Griffonia simplicifolia contain several lectins. Among them the tetrameric lectin GS I-B(4) has strict specificity for terminal alpha Gal residues, whereas the closely related lectin GS I-A(4) can also bind to alpha GalNAc. These two lectins are commonly used as markers in histology or for research in xenotransplantation. To elucidate the basis for the fine difference in specificity, the amino acid sequences of both lectins have been determined and show 89% identity. The crystal structure of GS I-B(4), determined at 2.5-A resolution, reveals a new quaternary structure that has never been observed in other legume lectins. An unexpected loss of both Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) ions, which are necessary for carbohydrate binding in legume lectins, may be related to a particular amino acid sequence Pro-Glu-Pro in the metal binding loop. Comparison with demetallized concanavalin A reveals a different process for the loss of metal ions and for the subsequent loss of carbohydrate binding activity. The GS I-A x alpha GalNAc and GS I-B x alpha Gal complexes were constructed using homology modeling and docking approaches. The unusual presence of an aromatic amino acid at position 47 (Tyr in I-A and Trp in I-B) explains the strong preference for alpha-anomeric sugars in both isolectins. Alteration at one amino acid position, Ala(106) in I-A versus Glu(106) in I-B, is the basis for the observed specificities toward alpha GalNAc and alpha Gal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lescar
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France
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Manoj N, Suguna K. Signature of quaternary structure in the sequences of legume lectins. PROTEIN ENGINEERING 2001; 14:735-45. [PMID: 11739891 DOI: 10.1093/protein/14.10.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Legume lectins exhibit a wide variety of oligomerization and sugar specificity while retaining the characteristic jelly-roll tertiary fold. An attempt has been made here to find whether this diversity is reflected in their primary structures by constructing phylogenetic trees. Dendrograms based on sequence alignment showed clustering related to the oligomeric nature of legume lectins. Though the clustering primarily follows the oligomeric states, it also appears to correlate with different sugar specificities indicating an interdependence of these two properties. Analysis of the structure-based alignment and the alignment of the sequences of the carbohydrate-binding loops alone also revealed the same features. By a close examination of the interfaces of the various oligomers it was also possible, in some cases, to pinpoint a few key residues responsible for the stabilization of the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manoj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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Lemieux RU, Ling CC, Sharon N, Streicher H. The epitope of the H-type 2 trisaccharide recognized byErythrina corallodendronlectin. Evidence for both attractive polar and strong hydrophobic interactions for complex formation involving a lectin. Isr J Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1560/kwww-42nx-6mkr-v55w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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