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Midha A, Goyette-Desjardins G, Goerdeler F, Moscovitz O, Seeberger PH, Tedin K, Bertzbach LD, Lepenies B, Hartmann S. Lectin-Mediated Bacterial Modulation by the Intestinal Nematode Ascaris suum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168739. [PMID: 34445445 PMCID: PMC8395819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascariasis is a global health problem for humans and animals. Adult Ascaris nematodes are long-lived in the host intestine where they interact with host cells as well as members of the microbiota resulting in chronic infections. Nematode interactions with host cells and the microbial environment are prominently mediated by parasite-secreted proteins and peptides possessing immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. Previously, we discovered the C-type lectin protein AsCTL-42 in the secreted products of adult Ascaris worms. Here we tested recombinant AsCTL-42 for its ability to interact with bacterial and host cells. We found that AsCTL-42 lacks bactericidal activity but neutralized bacterial cells without killing them. Treatment of bacterial cells with AsCTL-42 reduced invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella. Furthermore, AsCTL-42 interacted with host myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Thus, AsCTL-42 is a parasite protein involved in the triad relationship between Ascaris, host cells, and the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Midha
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.G.-D.); (B.L.)
| | - Felix Goerdeler
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oren Moscovitz
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.G.-D.); (B.L.)
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Ambrosio AR, Bavia L, Borges BS, Hiraiwa PM, Pietsch JLM, Ribeiro MCVDC, Figueiredo FB, Messias-Reason IJ. Novel findings on the role of ficolins and colectins in the innate response against Leishmania braziliensis. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105673. [PMID: 32827454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main agent of mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects thousands of people in Brazil. It has been shown that complement plays a critical role at early stages of Leishmania infection and that is involved in the invasion of macrophages by the promastigotes. Ficolins and collectins are soluble pattern recognition and triggering molecules of the lectin complement pathway. We investigated here whether lectin pathway activators ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and CL-11 bind to live L. braziliensis promastigotes in vitro. Promastigote forms in the stationary growth phase were incubated with normal human serum (NHS) or recombinant ficolins 1, 2 and 3, MBL and CL-11, and protein binding was evaluated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Ficolins 1, 2 and 3, MBL and CL-11 were able to bind to the surface of live promastigotes after incubation with either NHS or recombinant proteins. A partial inhibition by N-acetyl-d-glucosamine characterizing the participation of acetylated groups in the deposition of ficolins and CL-11 to glycoconjugates on the surface of L. braziliensis was observed. These evidences highlight a role for the lectin pathway in the innate response to L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altair Rogerio Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Medical Department, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Luis Machado Pietsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iara Jose Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Hau HTA, Ogundele O, Hibbert AH, Monfries CAL, Exelby K, Wood NJ, Nevarez-Mejia J, Carbajal MA, Fleck RA, Dermit M, Mardakheh FK, Williams-Ward VC, Pipalia TG, Conte MR, Hughes SM. Maternal Larp6 controls oocyte development, chorion formation and elevation. Development 2020; 147:dev187385. [PMID: 32054660 PMCID: PMC7055395 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
La-related protein 6 (Larp6) is a conserved RNA-binding protein found across eukaryotes that has been suggested to regulate collagen biogenesis, muscle development, ciliogenesis, and various aspects of cell proliferation and migration. Zebrafish have two Larp6 family genes: larp6a and larp6b Viable and fertile single and double homozygous larp6a and larp6b zygotic mutants revealed no defects in muscle structure, and were indistinguishable from heterozygous or wild-type siblings. However, larp6a mutant females produced eggs with chorions that failed to elevate fully and were fragile. Eggs from larp6b single mutant females showed minor chorion defects, but chorions from eggs laid by larp6a;larp6b double mutant females were more defective than those from larp6a single mutants. Electron microscopy revealed defective chorionogenesis during oocyte development. Despite this, maternal zygotic single and double mutants were viable and fertile. Mass spectrometry analysis provided a description of chorion protein composition and revealed significant reductions in a subset of zona pellucida and lectin-type proteins between wild-type and mutant chorions that paralleled the severity of the phenotype. We conclude that Larp6 proteins are required for normal oocyte development, chorion formation and egg activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Ting A Hau
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Ogundele
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Andrew H Hibbert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Clinton A L Monfries
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katherine Exelby
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Natalie J Wood
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maria Dermit
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Faraz K Mardakheh
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Victoria C Williams-Ward
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tapan G Pipalia
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Ituarte S, Brola TR, Fernández PE, Mu H, Qiu JW, Heras H, Dreon MS. A lectin of a non-invasive apple snail as an egg defense against predation alters the rat gut morphophysiology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198361. [PMID: 29856808 PMCID: PMC5983499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The eggs of the freshwater Pomacea apple snails develop above the water level, exposed to varied physical and biological stressors. Their high hatching success seems to be linked to their proteins or perivitellins, which surround the developing embryo providing nutrients, sunscreens and varied defenses. The defensive mechanism has been unveiled in P. canaliculata and P. maculata eggs, where their major perivitellins are pigmented, non-digestible and provide a warning coloration while another perivitellin acts as a toxin. In P. scalaris, a species sympatric to the former, the defense strategy seems different, since no toxin was found and the major perivitellin, PsSC, while also colored and non-digestible, is a carbohydrate-binding protein. In this study we examine the structure and function of PsSC by sequencing its subunits, characterizing its carbohydrate binding profile and evaluating its effect on gut cells. Whereas cDNA sequencing and database search showed no lectin domain, glycan array carbohydrate binding profile revealed a strong specificity for glycosphingolipids and ABO group antigens. Moreover, PsSC agglutinated bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Inspired on the defensive properties of seed lectins we evaluated the effects of PsSC on intestinal cells both in vitro (Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells) and in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. PsSC binds to Caco-2 cell membranes without reducing its viability, while a PsSC-containing diet temporarily induces large epithelium alterations and an increased absorptive surface. Based on these results, we propose that PsSC is involved in embryo defenses by altering the gut morphophysiology of potential predators, a convergent role to plant defensive lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tabata Romina Brola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia Elena Fernández
- Instituto de Patología B. Epstein, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Takagi S, Furube E, Nakano Y, Morita M, Miyata S. Microglia are continuously activated in the circumventricular organs of mouse brain. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 331:74-86. [PMID: 29107327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident immune cells of the brain parenchyma and transform into the amoeboid form in the "activated state" under pathological conditions from the ramified form in the "resting state" under physiologically healthy conditions. In the present study, we found that microglia in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) of adult mice displayed the amoeboid form with fewer branched cellular processes even under normal conditions; however, those in other brain regions showed the ramified form, which is characterized by well-branched and dendritic cellular processes. Moreover, microglia in the CVOs showed the strong protein expression of the M1 markers CD16/32 and CD86 and M2 markers CD206 and Ym1 without any pathological stimulation. Thus, the present results indicate that microglia in the CVOs of adult mice are morphologically and functionally activated under normal conditions, possibly due to the specialized features of the CVOs, namely, the entry of blood-derived molecules into parenchyma through fenestrated capillaries and the presence of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takagi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Eriko Furube
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakano
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Miyata
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Anjugam M, Iswarya A, Vaseeharan B. Multifunctional role of β-1, 3 glucan binding protein purified from the haemocytes of blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and in vitro antibacterial activity of its reaction product. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 48:196-205. [PMID: 26611720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
β-1, 3 glucan binding protein (β-GBP) was isolated from the haemocytes of blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus and purified by laminarin coupled Sephadex G-100 affinity column chromatography. The purified β-GBP has the molecular mass of 100 kDa, confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The X-ray diffraction analysis of purified β-GBP indicates the crystalline nature of the protein and also the presence of single peak confirming the existence of β-glucan molecule. The results of agglutination assay showed that the purified β-GBP had the ability to agglutinate with yeast cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian erythrocytes. β-GBP can agglutinate with yeast cells at the concentration of 50 μg/ml. The phagocytic and encapsulation activity of purified β-GBP from P. pelagicus was determined with yeast cell S. cerevisiae and sepharose bead suspension respectively. This reveals that, β-GBP have the ability to detect the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP) found on the surface of fungi and bacteria. The recognition of invading foreign substances and in the involvement of functional activities induces the activation of prophenoloxidase. This revealed that β-GBP play a major role in the innate immune system of crustaceans by stimulating the prophenoloxidase system. Moreover, it was obvious to note that β-GBP reaction product exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. This study concludes the functional aspects of β-GBP purified from P. pelagicus and its vital role in the stimulation of prophenoloxidase cascade during the pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam Anjugam
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gao Q, Zhao QP, Ma XX, Dong HF. [Progress of pattern recognition receptors of molluscs]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2015; 27:440-443. [PMID: 26767276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs have established complete innate immunity to defense against pathogens. The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the sensory receptors of molluscs to resist outside invaders, as the first reactor to initiate the innate immune response. Some PRRs have been identified in several molluscs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) , C-type lectins, galectins, lipopolysaccharide-β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), Clq domain-containing protein (ClqDC), and peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP). PRRs have various biological activities and play important roles in the defense system of molluscs. This paper reviews the research progress of PRRs in molluscs.
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Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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Liu Y, Liu J, Pang X, Liu T, Ning Z, Cheng G. The roles of direct recognition by animal lectins in antiviral immunity and viral pathogenesis. Molecules 2015; 20:2272-95. [PMID: 25642837 PMCID: PMC6272511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a group of proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Lectins are categorized into many families based on their different cellular locations as well as their specificities for a variety of carbohydrate structures due to the features of their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) modules. Many studies have indicated that the direct recognition of particular oligosaccharides on viral components by lectins is important for interactions between hosts and viruses. Herein, we aim to globally review the roles of this recognition by animal lectins in antiviral immune responses and viral pathogenesis. The different classes of mammalian lectins can either recognize carbohydrates to activate host immunity for viral elimination or can exploit those carbohydrates as susceptibility factors to facilitate viral entry, replication or assembly. Additionally, some arthropod C-type lectins were recently identified as key susceptibility factors that directly interact with multiple viruses and then facilitate infection. Summarization of the pleiotropic roles of direct viral recognition by animal lectins will benefit our understanding of host-virus interactions and could provide insight into the role of lectins in antiviral drug and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaojing Pang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Zhijie Ning
- Ji'nan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ji'nan 250021, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Xiao J, Xu S, Li C, Xu Y, Xing L, Niu Y, Huan Q, Tang Y, Zhao C, Wagner D, Gao C, Chong K. O-GlcNAc-mediated interaction between VER2 and TaGRP2 elicits TaVRN1 mRNA accumulation during vernalization in winter wheat. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4572. [PMID: 25091017 PMCID: PMC4143922 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernalization, sensing of prolonged cold, is important for seasonal flowering in eudicots and monocots. While vernalization silences a repressor (FLC, MADS-box transcription factor) in eudicots, it induces an activator (TaVRN1, an AP1 clade MADS-box transcription factor) in monocots. The mechanism for TaVRN1 induction during vernalization is not well understood. Here we reveal a novel mechanism for controlling TaVRN1 mRNA accumulation in response to prolonged cold sensing in wheat. The carbohydrate-binding protein VER2, a jacalin lectin, promotes TaVRN1 upregulation by physically interacting with the RNA-binding protein TaGRP2. TaGRP2 binds to TaVRN1 pre-mRNA and inhibits TaVRN1 mRNA accumulation. The physical interaction between VER2 and TaGRP2 is controlled by TaGRP2 O-GlcNAc modification, which gradually increases during vernalization. The interaction between VER2 and O-GlcNAc-TaGRP2 reduces TaGRP2 protein accumulation in the nucleus and/or promotes TaGRP2 dissociation from TaVRN1, leading to TaVRN1 mRNA accumulation. Our data reveal a new mechanism for sensing prolonged cold in temperate cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Present address: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chunhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lijing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuda Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Huan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- Hybrid Wheat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Hybrid Wheat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Caixia Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100093, China
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Pana ZD, Samarah F, Papi R, Antachopoulos C, Papageorgiou T, Farmaki E, Hatzipantelis E, Tragiannidis A, Vavatsi-Christaki N, Kyriakidis D, Athanassiadou-Piperopoulou F, Roilides E. Mannose binding lectin and ficolin-2 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for bacterial infections in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1017-22. [PMID: 24453114 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate whether the presence of mannose binding lectin (MBL2), ficolin 2 (FCN2) polymorphisms or the combined deficiency significantly influence the risk and subsequently the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bacterial infections in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). PROCEDURE MBL2 polymorphisms for exon 1 and FCN2 polymorphisms for promoter regions -986, -602, -557, -64, -4 and exon 8 regions +6,359, +6,424 were determined in children with B-ALL. FCN2 haplotype was determined by gene sequencing. Number and duration of FN episodes as well as number of bacterial infections were recorded during induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Forty-four children with B-ALL (median age 4.3 years, 65.9% males) suffered from 142 FN episodes and 92 bacterial infections (40.2% Gram positive and 59.8% Gram negative). MBL2 low-risk genotype was found in 59.1%, medium-risk in 31.8% and high-risk in 9%. FCN2 low-risk haplotypes were detected in 38.2%, medium-risk in 44.1% and high-risk in 17.6%. MBL2 genotype and FCN2 haplotype were not associated with increased frequency of FN episodes. MBL2 medium/high-risk genotype and FCN2 medium/high-risk haplotype were associated with prolonged duration of FN (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively) and increased number of bacterial infections (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The combined MBL2/FCN2 medium/high-risk genotype was associated with an increased number of bacterial infections (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MBL2 and FCN2 single or combined deficiencies are associated with increased duration of FN episodes as well as increased number of bacterial infections in children with B-ALL suggesting a prognostic role of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Dorothea Pana
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, AHEPA General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Biochemistry Laboratory, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece; Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University Faculty of Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece; Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Zanier ER, Zangari R, Munthe-Fog L, Hein E, Zoerle T, Conte V, Orsini F, Tettamanti M, Stocchetti N, Garred P, De Simoni MG. Ficolin-3-mediated lectin complement pathway activation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2014; 82:126-34. [PMID: 24336142 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the involvement of ficolin-3, the main initiator of the lectin complement pathway (LCP), in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathology and outcome. METHODS In this preliminary exploratory study, plasma concentration of ficolin-3 and of ficolin-3-mediated functional LCP activity was measured, along with that of other LCP initiators (mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, and ficolin-1), C3 activation products, and soluble C5b-9 terminal complex, in a prospective cohort of 39 patients with SAH and 20 healthy controls. The following parameters were recorded: SAH severity, assessed using the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading scale; vasospasm, defined as neuro-worsening with angiographic confirmation of vessel narrowing; cerebral ischemia, defined as hypodense lesion on CT scan performed before discharge; and 6-month outcome, assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS In patients, no changes were detected for ficolin-3 compared with controls. Notably, however, ficolin-3-mediated functional LCP activity was reduced. Low levels of plasma ficolin-3 and ficolin-3-mediated functional LCP activity were related to SAH severity, vasospasm, and cerebral ischemia. Moreover, ficolin-3 functional LCP activity was decreased in patients with unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that LCP is activated after SAH and that the actual plasma concentrations of ficolin-3 reflect the severity of brain injury as evaluated by clinical and structural parameters. These results support the idea that ficolin-3-mediated functional LCP activity may be targeted to control injury progression in SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa R Zanier
- From the IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri (E.R.Z., R.Z., F.O., M.T., M.-G.D.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Milan; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University and Neuro ICU (R.Z., T.Z., V.C., N.S.), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; and Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (L.M.-F., E.H., P.G.), Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Abstract
Ficolins are a group of multimeric lectins made up of single subunits each of which is composed of a collagen-like domain and a fibrinogen-like domain. Most of the ficolins identified to date bind to acetylated compounds such as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Ficolins in serum are complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and their truncated proteins. These lectins play an important role in innate immunity. Binding of the ficolin-MASP complex to carbohydrates present on the surface of microbes initiates complement activation via the lectin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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14
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Brunetti L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Recinella L, Leone S, Chiavaroli A, Di Nisio C, Shohreh R, Manippa F, Ricciuti A, Vacca M. Orexigenic effects of omentin-1 related to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased norepinephrine synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. Peptides 2013; 44:66-74. [PMID: 23538212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Omentin-1, a visceral fat depot-specific secretory protein, is inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated, in rats, the effects of chronic omentin-1 administration (8 μg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 14-days) on feeding behavior and related hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters. Food intake and body weight were recorded daily throughout the study. We found a significantly increased food intake compared to controls, but only in days 10-14, while body weight significantly increased since day 12 (P<0.05). Compared with vehicle, omentin-1 treatment led to a significant reduction in both cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (P<0.05) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) (P<0.05) gene expression, while pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin-A gene expression were not modified with respect to vehicle-treated rats. We also found an increase in hypothalamic levodopa (l-dopa) (P<0.05) and norepinephrine (NE) (P<0.01) synthesis, without any effect on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism. Furthermore, in hypothalamic synaptosomes, omentin-1 (10-100 ng/ml) stimulated basal NE release (ANOVA, P<0.0001; post hoc, P<0.001 vs. vehicle), in a dose-dependent manner, leaving unaffected both basal and depolarization-induced DA and 5-HT release. Finally, when synaptosomes were co-perfused with leptin and omentin-1, we observed that leptin was able to reverse omentin-1-induced stimulation of NE. In conclusion, the orexigenic effects of omentin-1 could be related, at least in part, to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased NE synthesis and release in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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15
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Bidula S, Kenawy H, Ali YM, Sexton D, Schwaeble WJ, Schelenz S. Role of ficolin-A and lectin complement pathway in the innate defense against pathogenic Aspergillus species. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1730-40. [PMID: 23478320 PMCID: PMC3647983 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00032-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species are saprophytic molds causing life-threatening invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. Innate immune recognition, in particular, the mechanisms of opsonization and complement activation, has been reported to be an integral part of the defense against fungi. We have shown that the complement component ficolin-A significantly binds to Aspergillus conidia and hyphae in a concentration-dependent manner and was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. Calcium-independent binding to Aspergillus fumigatus and A. terreus was observed, but binding to A. flavus and A. niger was calcium dependent. Ficolin-A binding to conidia was increased under low-pH conditions, and opsonization led to enhanced binding of conidia to A549 airway epithelial cells. In investigations of the lectin pathway of complement activation, ficolin-A-opsonized conidia did not lead to lectin pathway-specific C4 deposition. In contrast, the collectin mannose binding lectin C (MBL-C) but not MBL-A led to efficient lectin pathway activation on A. fumigatus in the absence of ficolin-A. In addition, ficolin-A opsonization led to a modulation of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. We conclude that ficolin-A may play an important role in the innate defense against Aspergillus by opsonizing conidia, immobilizing this fungus through enhanced adherence to epithelial cells and modulation of inflammation. However, it appears that other immune pattern recognition molecules, i.e., those of the collectin MBL-C, are involved in the Aspergillus-lectin complement pathway activation rather than ficolin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bidula
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Kenawy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Youssif M. Ali
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Darren Sexton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm J. Schwaeble
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Tang H, Shi Z, Xiu Q, Li B, Sun Y. YKL-40-mediated interleukin 8 production may be closely associated with remodeling of bronchial smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:386; author reply 386-7. [PMID: 22896594 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.186.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Kiwamoto T, Kawasaki N, Paulson JC, Bochner BS. Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:327-36. [PMID: 22749793 PMCID: PMC3587973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins) are members of the immunoglobulin gene family that contain sialoside binding N-terminal domains. They are cell surface proteins found predominantly on cells of the immune system. Among them, Siglec-8 is uniquely expressed by human eosinophils and mast cells, as well as basophils. Engaging this structure with antibodies or glycan ligands results in apoptosis in human eosinophils and inhibition of release of preformed and newly generated mediators from human mast cells without affecting their survival. Pro-apoptotic effects are also seen when its closest functional paralog, Siglec-F, on mouse eosinophils is similarly engaged in vitro, and beneficial effects are observed after administration of Siglec-F antibody using models of eosinophilic pulmonary and gastrointestinal inflammation in vivo. Siglec-8 targeting may thus provide a means to specifically inhibit or deplete these cell types. Cell-directed therapies are increasingly sought after by the pharmaceutical industry for their potential to reduce side effects and increase safety. The challenge is to identify suitable targets on the cell type of interest, and selectively deliver a therapeutic agent. By targeting Siglec-8, monoclonal antibodies and glycan ligand-conjugated nanoparticles may be ideally suited for treatment of eosinophil and mast cell-related diseases, such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria, hypereosinophilic syndromes, mast cell and eosinophil malignancies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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18
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Lee CG, Dela Cruz CS, Herzog E, Rosenberg SM, Ahangari F, Elias JA. YKL-40, a chitinase-like protein at the intersection of inflammation and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:692-4. [PMID: 22467800 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0203ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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19
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Xie H, Xie PL, Luo XH, Wu XP, Zhou HD, Tang SY, Liao EY. Omentin-1 exerts bone-sparing effect in ovariectomized mice. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1425-36. [PMID: 21755404 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Omentin-1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors, omentin-1 reduced osteoclast formation by stimulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and inhibiting receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) production in osteoblasts. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of omentin-1 suppressed bone turnover and restored bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength in ovariectomized mice. INTRODUCTION Omentin-1 (also intelectin-1) is a recently identified visceral adipose tissue-derived cytokine that is highly abundant in plasma. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on bone metabolism. METHODS Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production and matrix mineralization. OPG and RANKL protein expression and secretion in osteoblasts were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. The effect of recombinant omentin-1 on osteoclast formation was examined in co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. The effects of intravenous administration of adenoviral-delivered omentin-1 on bone mass, bone strength, and bone turnover were also examined in ovariectomized mice. RESULTS In vitro, omentin-1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation, while it had no direct effect on osteoclast differentiation; it also reduced osteoclast formation in the co-culture systems through stimulating OPG and inhibiting RANKL production in osteoblasts. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of omentin-1 partially restored BMD and bone strength in ovariectomized mice, accompanied by decreased levels of plasma osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and lower serum RANKL/OPG ratios. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that omentin-1 ameliorates bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency via downregulating the RANKL/OPG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ameye L, Paesmans M, Thiel S, Jensenius JC, Aoun M. M-ficolin levels are associated with the occurrence of severe infections in patients with haematological cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:303-8. [PMID: 22236007 PMCID: PMC3278697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition molecules H-ficolin, L-ficolin and M-ficolin bind to micro-organisms. They activate the lectin pathway of complement through mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases (MASPs). Association between low MBL levels and infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy for haematological diseases has been observed previously. We now examine for MASP-2, MASP-3 and ficolin levels. We assessed the concentration of lectin pathway molecules as risk factors for infection in patients with haematological malignancy undergoing chemotherapy. Samples taken before the initiation of chemotherapy covering 117 chemotherapy cycles in 105 patients were available. MASPs and ficolins were measured by time-resolved immunoflourometric assays and the levels related to parameters of infections. End-points included febrile neutropenia, documented infections, bacteraemia or severe infections. Lower M-ficolin concentrations were found in patients who developed a severe infection: median 0·27 µg/ml compared to 0·47 µg/ml in patients who did not develop a severe infection (P = 0·01). Conversely, MASP-2 was higher in these patients: median 0·53 µg/ml compared to 0·37 µg/ml, respectively (P = 0·008). When considering M-ficolin levels below 0·36 µg/ml as deficient, the time to development of severe infection was shorter in the M-ficolin deficient group: the hazard ratio was 2·60 (95% confidence interval: 1·23-5·49). No associations were revealed between infections and H-ficolin, L-ficolin or MASP-3. Patients with low M-ficolin are more likely to develop severe infections, whereas MASP-2 showed the opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ameye
- Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Maianskiĭ AN, Chebotar' IV, Rudneva EI, Chistiakova VP. [Pseudomonas aeruginosa: characteristics of biofilm process]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 2012:3-8. [PMID: 22702137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Definition of the biofilm process as one of the types of intercellular bacterial communications is presented. The modern data concerning the structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix and genetic mechanisms necessary for its production are described. Active and passive rejections of biofilm bacteria, which are the basis of bacterial spreading to new surfaces, are discussed. The complexity and chain type of the reactions associated with biofilm formation are emphasized.
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Gong L, Bai B, Chen J. [Omentin: a new adipokine]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2011; 42:390-393. [PMID: 22242411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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23
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Šulák O, Cioci G, Lameignère E, Balloy V, Round A, Gutsche I, Malinovská L, Chignard M, Kosma P, Aubert DF, Marolda CL, Valvano MA, Wimmerová M, Imberty A. Burkholderia cenocepacia BC2L-C is a super lectin with dual specificity and proinflammatory activity. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002238. [PMID: 21909279 PMCID: PMC3164656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins and adhesins are involved in bacterial adhesion to host tissues and mucus during early steps of infection. We report the characterization of BC2L-C, a soluble lectin from the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, which has two distinct domains with unique specificities and biological activities. The N-terminal domain is a novel TNF-α-like fucose-binding lectin, while the C-terminal part is similar to a superfamily of calcium-dependent bacterial lectins. The C-terminal domain displays specificity for mannose and l-glycero-d-manno-heptose. BC2L-C is therefore a superlectin that binds independently to mannose/heptose glycoconjugates and fucosylated human histo-blood group epitopes. The apo form of the C-terminal domain crystallized as a dimer, and calcium and mannose could be docked in the binding site. The whole lectin is hexameric and the overall structure, determined by electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering, reveals a flexible arrangement of three mannose/heptose-specific dimers flanked by two fucose-specific TNF-α-like trimers. We propose that BC2L-C binds to the bacterial surface in a mannose/heptose-dependent manner via the C-terminal domain. The TNF-α-like domain triggers IL-8 production in cultured airway epithelial cells in a carbohydrate-independent manner, and is therefore proposed to play a role in the dysregulated proinflammatory response observed in B. cenocepacia lung infections. The unique architecture of this newly recognized superlectin correlates with multiple functions including bacterial cell cross-linking, adhesion to human epithelia, and stimulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Šulák
- CERMAV-CNRS- UPR5301 affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Lameignère
- CERMAV-CNRS- UPR5301 affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Unité de Défense innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U874, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lenka Malinovská
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michel Chignard
- Unité de Défense innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U874, Paris, France
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel F. Aubert
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Cristina L. Marolda
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV-CNRS- UPR5301 affiliated to Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the life span of transfused platelets in circulation is regulated, at least in part, by glycan-lectin mediated mechanisms. There is clear evidence that refrigerated platelets are cleared by glycan-lectin mediated clearance mechanisms. Acute platelet cooling clusters glycoprotein (GP) Ibα receptors bearing uncovered N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and α(M) β(2) integrins on hepatic macrophages recognise clustered GlcNAc to rapidly clear these platelets from circulation. With prolonged refrigeration GPIbα clustering bearing uncovered galactose increases, which mediates the removal of long-term refrigerated platelets via hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptors (AMR), originally named as asialoglycoprotein receptors. In contrast, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of transfused room temperature platelet clearance. This review examines the role of glycan-lectin mediated clearance of exogenous, that is transfused chilled platelet clearance and briefly addresses the current knowledge of stored platelet function, degradation and its relation to platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hoffmeister
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Motomura Y, Yamasaki S. [A role of pathogens and danger signals in allergic inflammation]. Arerugi 2011; 60:692-698. [PMID: 21709436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Motomura
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Francescone RA, Scully S, Faibish M, Taylor SL, Oh D, Moral L, Yan W, Bentley B, Shao R. Role of YKL-40 in the angiogenesis, radioresistance, and progression of glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15332-43. [PMID: 21385870 PMCID: PMC3083166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.212514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most fatal cancers, characterized by a strong vascularized phenotype. YKL-40, a secreted glycoprotein, is overexpressed in patients with glioblastomas and has potential as a novel tumor biomarker. The molecular mechanisms of YKL-40 in glioblastoma development, however, are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role YKL-40 plays in the regulation of VEGF expression, tumor angiogenesis, and radioresistance. YKL-40 up-regulated VEGF expression in glioblastoma cell line U87, and both YKL-40 and VEGF synergistically promote endothelial cell angiogenesis. Interestingly, long term inhibition of VEGF up-regulated YKL-40. YKL-40 induced coordination of membrane receptor syndecan-1 and integrin αvβ5, and triggered a signaling cascade through FAK(397) to ERK-1 and ERK-2, leading to elevated VEGF and enhanced angiogenesis. In addition, γ-irradiation of U87 cells increased YKL-40 expression that protects cell death through AKT activation and also enhances endothelial cell angiogenesis. Blockade of YKL-40 activity or expression decreased tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in xenografted animals. Immunohistochemical analysis of human glioblastomas revealed a correlation between YKL-40, VEGF, and patient survival. These findings have shed light on the mechanisms by which YKL-40 promotes tumor angiogenesis and malignancy, and thus provide a therapeutic target for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Scully
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, and
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, and
| | - Michael Faibish
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, and
| | | | | | - Luis Moral
- Pathology, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts 01199
| | - Wei Yan
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, and
| | - Brooke Bentley
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, and
| | - Rong Shao
- From the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, and
- the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- the Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, and
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Piven' OA, Lukash LL. [Influence of exogeneous proteins on mutagenic process]. Tsitol Genet 2011; 45:68-79. [PMID: 21446161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenic factors of biological origin by the example of carbohydrate-binding proteins are observed. An attempt of summarizing the existing data concerning participation of exogenous macromolecules in mutagenic process is made. The mechanisms of the influence of exogenous macromolecules on mutagenesis, proliferation, and surviving of mammalian cells are discussed.
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Hosokawa N. [OS-9 and XTP3-B: lectins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:26-31. [PMID: 21404621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Hosokawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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30
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Kawamata M. [Mechanisms of postoperative pain]. Masui 2010; 59 Suppl:S166-S172. [PMID: 21702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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31
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MacEachran DP, Prophete ME, Sinskey AJ. The Rhodococcus opacus PD630 heparin-binding hemagglutinin homolog TadA mediates lipid body formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7217-25. [PMID: 20851968 PMCID: PMC2976223 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00985-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, prokaryotes store carbon as polyhydroxyalkanoate, starch, or glycogen. The Gram-positive actinomycete Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 is noteworthy in that it stores carbon in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Several studies have demonstrated that R. opacus PD630 can accumulate up to 76% of its cell dry weight as TAG when grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions. While this process is well studied, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to TAG biosynthesis and subsequent storage are poorly understood. We designed a high-throughput genetic screening to identify genes and their products required for TAG biosynthesis and storage in R. opacus PD630. We identified a gene predicted to encode a putative heparin-binding hemagglutinin homolog, which we have termed tadA (triacylglycerol accumulation deficient), as being important for TAG accumulation. Kinetic studies of TAG accumulation in both the wild-type (WT) and mutant strains demonstrated that the tadA mutant accumulates 30 to 40% less TAG than the parental strain (WT). We observed that lipid bodies formed by the mutant strain were of a different size and shape than those of the WT. Characterization of TadA demonstrated that the protein is capable of binding heparin and of agglutinating purified lipid bodies. Finally, we observed that the TadA protein localizes to lipid bodies in R. opacus PD630 both in vivo and in vitro. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the TadA protein acts to aggregate small lipid bodies, found in cells during early stages of lipid storage, into larger lipid bodies and thus plays a key role in lipid body maturation in R. opacus PD630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. MacEachran
- Department of Biology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - M. E. Prophete
- Department of Biology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - A. J. Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Espinosa EP, Hassan D, Ward JE, Shumway SE, Allam B. Role of epicellular molecules in the selection of particles by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Biol Bull 2010; 219:50-60. [PMID: 20813989 DOI: 10.1086/bblv219n1p50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study provides evidence that the suspension-feeding blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, uses biochemical cues to recognize its food. We identified lectins in mucus from the gills and labial palps, two pallial organs involved in the feeding process. These compounds were able to agglutinate rabbit and horse erythrocytes (RBC) and several species of marine microalgae representing different families. Additionally, the agglutination of RBC and microalgae was inhibited by several carbohydrates (fetuin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mannose-related residues), suggesting that a suite of lectins may be present in mucus from the gills and labial palps. Results from feeding experiments, using microspheres with tailored surfaces, demonstrated that mussels preferentially ingested microspheres coated with the neoglycoproteins glucosamide-BSA and mannopyranosylphenyl-BSA but rejected in pseudofeces microspheres coated with BSA alone. The positive selection for neoglycoprotein-coated microspheres was inhibited when mussels were pre-incubated in seawater containing a solution of the same neoglycoprotein. Two surface properties of the microspheres, charge and wettability, had little effect on the observed selection process. Our results, along with our previous findings for oysters, suggest a new concept for the mechanism of particle selection in bivalves and perhaps other suspension-feeding organisms. Specifically, the selection of particles involves interactions between epiparticulate carbohydrates and lectins in the mucus produced by feeding organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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Abstract
Due to the fact that some individuals are allergic to crustaceans, the presumed relationship between allergy and the presence of chitin in crustaceans has been investigated. In vivo, chitin is part of complex structures with other organic and inorganic compounds: in arthropods chitin is covalently linked to proteins and tanned by quinones, in fungi it is covalently linked to glucans, while in bacteria chitin is diversely combined according to Gram(+/-) classification. On the other hand, isolated, purified chitin is a plain polysaccharide that, at the nano level, presents itself as a highly associated structure, recently refined in terms of regularity, nature of bonds, crystallinity degree and unusual colloidal behavior. Chitins and modified chitins exert a number of beneficial actions, i.e., (i) they stimulate macrophages by interacting with receptors on the macrophage surface that mediate the internalization of chitin particles to be degraded by lysozyme and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (such as Nod-like, Toll-like, lectin, Dectin-1, leukotriene 134 and mannose receptors); (ii) the macrophages produce cytokines and other compounds that confer non-specific host resistance against bacterial and viral infections, and anti-tumor activity; (iii) chitin is a strong Th1 adjuvant that up-regulates Th1 immunity induced by heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis, while down- regulating Th2 immunity induced by mycobacterial protein; (iv) direct intranasal application of chitin microparticles into the lung was also able to significantly down-regulate allergic response to Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus and Aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model of allergy; (v) chitin microparticles had a beneficial effect in preventing and treating histopathologic changes in the airways of asthmatic mice; (vi) authors support the fact that chitin depresses the development of adaptive type 2 allergic responses. Since the expression of chitinases, chitrotriosidase and chitinase-like proteins is greatly amplified during many infections and diseases, the common feature of chitinase-like proteins and chitinase activity in all organisms appears to be the biochemical defense of the host. Unfortunately, conceptual and methodological errors are present in certain recent articles dealing with chitin and allergy, i.e., (1) omitted consideration of mammalian chitinase and/or chitotriosidase secretion, accompanied by inactive chitinase-like proteins, as an ancestral defensive means against invasion, capable to prevent the insurgence of allergy; (2) omitted consideration of the fact that the mammalian organism recognizes more promptly the secreted water soluble chitinase produced by a pathogen, rather than the insoluble and well protected chitin within the pathogen itself; (3) superficial and incomplete reports and investigations on chitin as an allergen, without mentioning the potent allergen from crustacean flesh, tropomyosine; (4) limited perception of the importance of the chemical/biochemical characteristics of the isolated chitin or chitosan for the replication of experiments and optimization of results; and (5) lack of interdisciplinarity. There is quite a large body of knowledge today on the use of chitosans as biomaterials, and more specifically as drug carriers for a variety of applications: the delivery routes being the same as those adopted for the immunological studies. Said articles, that devote attention to the safety and biocompatibility aspects, never reported intolerance or allergy in individuals and animals, even when the quantities of chitosan used in single experiments were quite large. Therefore, it is concluded that crab, shrimp, prawn and lobster chitins, as well as chitosans of all grades, once purified, should not be considered as "crustacean derivatives", because the isolation procedures have removed proteins, fats and other contaminants to such an extent as to allow them to be classified as chemicals regardless of their origin.
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Esposito C, Carullo P, Pedone E, Graziano G, Del Vecchio P, Berisio R. Dimerisation and structural integrity of Heparin Binding Hemagglutinin A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for bacterial agglutination. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1091-6. [PMID: 20178790 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparin Binding Hemagglutinin A (HBHA) is hitherto the sole virulence factor associated with tuberculosis dissemination from the lungs, the site of primary infection, to epithelial cells. We have previously reported the solution structure of HBHA, a dimeric and elongated molecule. Since oligomerisation of HBHA is associated with its ability to induce bacterial agglutination, we investigated this process using experimental and modelling techniques. We here identified a short segment of HBHA whose presence is mandatory for the stability of folded conformation, whose denaturation is a reversible two-state process. Our data suggest that agglutination-driven cell-cell interactions do not occur via association of HBHA monomers, nor via association of HBHA dimers and open the scenario to a possible trans-dimerisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Esposito
- Istitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
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35
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Lakhtin MV, Aleshkin VA, Lakhtin VM, Nesvizhskiĭ IV, Afanas'ev SS, Pospelova VV. [The role of lectins from probiotic microorganisms in sustaining the macroorganism]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2010:3-8. [PMID: 20369411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The notion of lectins has been expanded with special reference to lectins of probiotic microorganisms (LPM). New data on LPM and their properties are considered in the context of a new concept of systemic organization of LPM being developed. Conditions for complete separation of poly (N-acetylgalactosamine-?)-binding lectins and polyMan-?/oligomannoside/mannan-binding lectins are developed on the assumption that they contain a single carbohydrate-binding site in their structure. It is shown that strain typing of probiotic microorganisms is possible based not only on protein but also on LPM composition. The observed peculiarities of LPM functioning substantially extend the concept of informational superiority of integral interatomic networks over their isolated components. This approach makes it possible to set functioning of LPM systems against that of lectin systems of other components of human microbiota as prevailing in the support of the normal status of the macrorganism. The results demonsatrate the unique character of LPM systems and suggest good prospects for their application in medicine, biotechnology and nanotechnology.
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36
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Areshkov PA, Kavsan VM. Chitinase 3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2, YKL-39) activates phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/ERK2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells. Tsitol Genet 2010; 44:3-9. [PMID: 20201406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human cartilage chitinase 3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2, YKL-39) is secreted by articular chondrocytes, also synoviocytes, lung, and heart. Increased levels of YKL-39 have been demonstrated in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis as well as in some other pathologies and in malignant tumors, particularly in glioblastomas. It belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 18 and the most closely related to human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39 or chitinase 3-like protein 1, CHI3L1 or YKL-40), which as it was shown previously, promotes the growth of human synovial cells as well as skin and fetal lung fibroblasts. Dose-dependent growth stimulation was observed when the fibroblastic cell line was exposed to YKL-40 in a concentration range from 0.1 to 2 nM, which is similar to the effective dose of the well characterized mitogen, insulin-like growth factor 1. The use of selective inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signaling pathway indicates that both, YKL-40 and IGF-I are involved in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2). Thus YKL-40 initiates a signaling cascade which leads to increased cell proliferation, suggesting that this protein could play some role in the inhibition of apoptosis. We report here that YKL-39, which as YKL-40 has significantly increased expression in glioblastomas, also activates signal-regulated kinases ERK1/ERK2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Areshkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 150 Zabolotnogo str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
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37
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Espinosa EP, Perrigault M, Ward JE, Shumway SE, Allam B. Lectins associated with the feeding organs of the oyster Crassostrea virginica can mediate particle selection. Biol Bull 2009; 217:130-141. [PMID: 19875818 DOI: 10.1086/bblv217n2p130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the study of particle selection in suspension-feeding bivalves, the mechanisms upon which bivalves rely to discriminate among particles have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that particle sorting in suspension-feeding bivalves could be based, in part, on a biochemical recognition mechanism mediated by lectins within the mucus that covers the feeding organs. Using Crassostrea virginica, the Eastern oyster, our investigations demonstrated that lectins from oyster mucus can specifically bind several microalgal species as well as different types of red blood cells (RBC), triggering their agglutination. Agglutination of microalgal species and RBC varied with the source of mucus (gills vs. labial palps). Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays emphasized that mucus contains several lectins. In feeding experiments, Nitzschia closterium and Tetraselmis maculata were separately incubated with mucus before being fed to oysters. Results showed that pre-treating these microalgae with mucus significantly alters the ability of oysters to sort particles. In another experiment, oysters were fed a mixture of microspheres coated with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or glucosamide-BSA. Results show that oysters preferentially ingest microspheres with bound carbohydrates, highlighting probable interactions between lectins and carbohydrates in the mechanisms of microalgae recognition. This study confirms the presence of lectins in mucus that covers the feeding organs of oysters and suggests a new concept with regard to particle processing by suspension-feeding bivalves: specific interactions between carbohydrates on the surface of particles and lectins within the mucus mediate the selection and rejection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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Rüder C, Höpken UE, Wolf J, Mittrücker HW, Engels B, Erdmann B, Wollenzin S, Uckert W, Dörken B, Rehm A. The tumor-associated antigen EBAG9 negatively regulates the cytolytic capacity of mouse CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2184-203. [PMID: 19620783 PMCID: PMC2719940 DOI: 10.1172/jci37760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CTLs eliminate virus-infected and tumorigenic cells through exocytosis of cytotoxic agents from lytic granules. While insights into the intracellular mechanisms facilitating lytic granule release have been obtained through analysis of loss-of-function mutations in humans and mice, there is a paucity of information on negative regulators of secretory lysosome release at the molecular level. By generating and analyzing estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated antigen 9-KO (Ebag9 KO) mice, we show here that loss of EBAG9 confers CTLs with enhanced cytolytic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Although loss of EBAG9 did not affect lymphocyte development, it led to an increase in CTL secretion of granzyme A, a marker of lytic granules. This resulted in increased cytotoxicity in vitro and an enhanced cytolytic primary and memory T cell response in vivo. We further found that EBAG9 interacts with the adaptor molecule gamma2-adaptin, suggesting EBAG9 is involved in endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis and membrane fusion. Indeed, granzyme B was sorted to secretory lysosomes more efficiently in EBAG9-deficient CTLs than it was in WT CTLs, a finding consistent with the observed enhanced kinetics of cathepsin D proteolytic processing. While EBAG9 deficiency did not disrupt the formation of the immunological synapse, lytic granules in Ebag9-/- CTLs were smaller than in WT CTLs. These data suggest that EBAG9 is a tunable inhibitor of CTL-mediated adaptive immune response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Rüder
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Engels
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Erdmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wollenzin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Dörken
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Virchow Clinics, Berlin, Germany
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Newell-Litwa K, Salazar G, Smith Y, Faundez V. Roles of BLOC-1 and adaptor protein-3 complexes in cargo sorting to synaptic vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:1441-53. [PMID: 19144828 PMCID: PMC2649275 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-05-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal lysosomes and their biogenesis mechanisms are primarily thought to clear metabolites and proteins whose abnormal accumulation leads to neurodegenerative disease pathology. However, it remains unknown whether lysosomal sorting mechanisms regulate the levels of membrane proteins within synaptic vesicles. Using high-resolution deconvolution microscopy, we identified early endosomal compartments where both selected synaptic vesicle and lysosomal membrane proteins coexist with the adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) in neuronal cells. From these early endosomes, both synaptic vesicle membrane proteins and characteristic AP-3 lysosomal cargoes can be similarly sorted to brain synaptic vesicles and PC12 synaptic-like microvesicles. Mouse knockouts for two Hermansky-Pudlak complexes involved in lysosomal biogenesis from early endosomes, the ubiquitous isoform of AP-3 (Ap3b1(-/-)) and muted, defective in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1), increased the content of characteristic synaptic vesicle proteins and known AP-3 lysosomal proteins in isolated synaptic vesicle fractions. These phenotypes contrast with those of the mouse knockout for the neuronal AP-3 isoform involved in synaptic vesicle biogenesis (Ap3b2(-/-)), in which the content of select proteins was reduced in synaptic vesicles. Our results demonstrate that lysosomal and lysosome-related organelle biogenesis mechanisms regulate steady-state synaptic vesicle protein composition from shared early endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Newell-Litwa
- *Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology
- Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Yoland Smith
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; and
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40
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Lacroix M, Dumestre-Pérard C, Schoehn G, Houen G, Cesbron JY, Arlaud GJ, Thielens NM. Residue Lys57 in the collagen-like region of human L-ficolin and its counterpart Lys47 in H-ficolin play a key role in the interaction with the mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases and the collectin receptor calreticulin. J Immunol 2009; 182:456-65. [PMID: 19109177 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
L- and H-ficolins are serum oligomeric defense proteins consisting of a collagen-like region and a fibrinogen-like recognition domain that bind to pathogen- and apoptotic cell-associated molecular patterns. They share with mannan-binding lectin (MBL) the ability to associate with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP)-1, -2, -3, and protein MAp19 and to trigger the lectin complement pathway through MASP-2 activation. Recent studies have revealed the essential role of Lys(55) in the collagenous region of MBL in the interaction with the MASPs and calreticulin (CRT). To test the possible involvement of the homologous residues Lys(57) of L-ficolin and Lys(47) of H-ficolin, point mutants of both proteins were produced in which these residues were mutated to Ala, Glu, or Arg. The resulting mutants exhibited oligomerization patterns and ligand binding properties similar to those of their wild-type counterparts. In contrast, all three mutations strongly inhibited the interaction of L- and H-ficolins with MAp19 and MASP-2 and impaired the ability of each ficolin to trigger the lectin pathway. In the case of MASP-1 and MASP-3, replacement of the target Lys residues by Ala or Glu abolished interaction, whereas the Lys to Arg mutations had only slight inhibitory effects. Likewise, binding of each ficolin to CRT was inhibited by mutation of Lys to Ala or Glu, but not to Arg. In conclusion, residues Lys(57) of L-ficolin and Lys(47) of H-ficolin are key components of the interaction with the MASPs and CRT, providing strong indication that MBL and the ficolins share homologous binding sites for both types of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Lacroix
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5075, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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41
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Kadomatsu K. [Glyco-chains recognition molecules: overview]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:1617-1618. [PMID: 21089376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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42
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Yamamoto K. [Transport mechanism of glycoproteins by ERGIC-53 and the disease caused by defect in a gene coding ERGIC-53]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:1468-1474. [PMID: 21089350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Kamiya Y, Kato K. [Structural basis for trafficking and quality control of glycoproteins by intracellular lectins]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:1662-1669. [PMID: 21089385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Angata T. [Functions and molecular evolution of Siglecs, a family of sialic acid receptor proteins]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:733-738. [PMID: 18453149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a major causative agent of dental caries in humans. Bacterial components associated with the adhesion phase of S. mutans include glucosyltransferases, protein antigen C and proteins that bind glucan. At least four glucan-binding proteins (Gbp) have been identified; GbpA, GbpB, GbpC and GbpD. METHODS In our previous study, the contributions of GbpA and GbpC to the virulence of S. mutans were investigated; however, the biological function of GbpB and its role in the virulence of S. mutans remain to be elucidated. Using a GbpB-deficient mutant strain (BD1), we demonstrated in the present study that GbpB has a role in the biology of S. mutans. RESULTS The growth rate of BD1 was lower than that of other strains, while it was also shown to be less susceptible to phagocytosis and to form longer chains than the parental strain MT8148. In addition, electron microscope observations of the cell surfaces of BD1 showed that the cell-wall layers were obscure. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GbpB may have an important role in cell-wall construction and be involved in cell separation and cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are major pests of both temperate and tropical agriculture. Many of the most damaging species employ an advanced parasitic strategy in which they induce redifferentiation of root cells to form specialized feeding structures able to support nematode growth and reproduction over several weeks. Current control measures, particularly in intensive agriculture systems, rely heavily on nematicides but alternative strategies are required as effective chemicals are withdrawn from use. Here, we review the different approaches that are being developed to provide resistance to a range of nematode species. Natural, R gene-based resistance is currently exploited in traditional breeding programmes and research is ongoing to characterize the molecular basis for the observed resistant phenotypes. A number of transgenic approaches hold promise, the best described being the expression of proteinase inhibitors to disrupt nematode digestion. The application of plant-delivered RNA interference (RNAi) to silence essential nematode genes has recently emerged as a potentially valuable resistance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Fuller
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Catherine J Lilley
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter E Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK
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Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Afanas'ev SS, Aleshkin VA, Nesvizhskiĭ IV, Pospelova VV. [General properties and functioning principles of lectins in biological systems]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2008:37-42. [PMID: 18421907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors give the literature review with analysis of main conceptions of lectins - their structure and functions according to state-of-the-art science and production requirements. Up-to-date definition of lectins based on last achievements of science and practice represented in the article.
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Abstract
Lectins are a group of specific proteins that preferentially bind to carbohydrates inside and outside cells. To date, an increasing number of animal lectins have been found and categorized into several families in terms of the significant primary structural homology, while the classification is not always straightforward. These lectins can exert immense biological functions mainly through their specific carbohydrate-protein interactions in a variety of situations. In cancer biology, aberrant glycosylation changes on many glycoproteins and glycolipids are often observed and numerous experimental evidences have revealed that these structural changes are related to tumor malignancy. Galectins, which are broadly expressed animal lectins, can play crucial biological roles in tumor cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions through their binding activities to the tumor cell surface carbohydrate determinants. Certain galectin family proteins have also shown to affect tumor cell survival, signal transduction, and proliferation mainly inside the cell. Selectins, which are one of the C-type lectins and expressed leukocytes and/or vascular endothelium, can also play an immense role in tumor cell adhesion and invasion. In addition, certain annexin family proteins, which are originally known as phospholipid binding proteins, have been revealed to possess the carbohydrate binding activity, and these novel functions in tumors are being unveiled. Understanding how carbohydrate-protein interactions function in tumor cells will be one of the important goals in cancer research. This review focuses on the role of these lectins and their ligands in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nakahara
- Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Runza VL, Schwaeble W, Männel DN. Ficolins: novel pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune response. Immunobiology 2007; 213:297-306. [PMID: 18406375 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are members of the collectin family of proteins which are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) on microbial surfaces. Upon binding to their specific PAMP, ficolins may trigger activation of the immune system by either binding to cellular receptors for collectins or by initiating activation of complement via the lectin pathway. For the latter, the human ficolins (i.e. L-, H- and M-ficolin) and murine ficolin-A were shown to associate with the lectin pathway-specific serine protease MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) and catalyse its activation which in turn activates C4 and C4b-bound C2 to generate the C3 convertase C4b2a. There is mounting evidence underlining the lectin nature of ficolins with a wide range of carbohydrate moieties recognized on microbial surfaces. However, not all members of the ficolin family appear to act as lectin pathway recognition components. For example, murine ficolin-B does not associate with MASP-2 and appears to be absent in plasma and other humoral fluids. Its stringent cellular localization points to other functions within the immune response, possibly acting as an intracellular scavenger to target and facilitate clearance of PAMP-bearing debris. When comparing ficolin orthologues from different species, it appears evident that human, murine, and porcine ficolins differ in many aspects, a specific point that we aim to address in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria L Runza
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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Ding C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Park BK, Wang CY, Zheng P, Liu Y. Siglecg limits the size of B1a B cell lineage by down-regulating NFkappaB activation. PLoS One 2007; 2:e997. [PMID: 17912374 PMCID: PMC1994585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B1 B cells are believed to be a unique lineage with a distinct developmental pathway, function and activation requirement. How this lineage is genetically determined remained largely obscure. Methods and Principal Findings Using the Siglecg-deficient mice with a knockin of green-fluorescent protein encoding sequence, we show here that, although the Siglecg gene is broadly expressed at high levels in all stages and/or lineages of B cells tested and at lower levels in other lineages, its deletion selectively expanded the B1a B cell lineages, including the frequency of the B1 cell progenitor in the bone marrow and the number of B1a cells in the peritoneal cavity, by postnatal expansion. The expansion of B1a B cells in the peritoneal correlated with enhanced activation of NFκB and was ablated by an IKK inhibitor. Conclusion and Significance Our data revealed a critical role for Siglec G-NFκB pathway in regulating B1a B cell lineage. These data lead to a novel model of B1a lineage development that explains a large array of genetic data in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yin Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bae Keun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Apoptosis, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Apoptosis, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pan Zheng
- Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Program of Molecular Mechanism of Diseases and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (PZ); (YL)
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Program of Molecular Mechanism of Diseases and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (PZ); (YL)
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