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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omentin-1 is a newly discovered metabolic regulatory adipokine. Studies have shown that omentin-1 possesses pleiotropic effects in different types of cells. This study aims to investigate the regulation by omentin-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes. METHODOLOGY C-28/I2 chondrocytes were treated with omentin-1 (150 and 300 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of mitochondrial regulators, markers and the DNA copy was assessed. The mitochondrial morphology was observed by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production in chondrocytes were measured by cell lysates. RESULTS Omentin-1 treatment up-regulated PGC-1α, NRF-1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in cultured chondrocytes, indicating that omentin-1 could be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Omentin-1 promoted mtDNA/nDNA and four mitochondrial genes (Tomm20, Tomm40, Timm9 and Atp5c1), mRNA transcripts as well as two mitochondrial protein expressions (SDHB and MTCO1). At a cellular level, omentin-1 enhanced the mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production. Mechanistically, we proved that omentin-1 increased AMPKα activation, and the blockage of AMPKα by its inhibitor compound C abolished the inductive effect of omentin-1 on PGC1α expression and mtDNA/nDNA ratio, indicating that the effect of omentin-1 is dependent on AMPKα activation. CONCLUSION Omentin-1 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes, and its action is dependent on the AMPK-PGC1α pathway. This study, therefore, implies that omentin-1 has the potential to remedy chondrocyte damage in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengde Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Vizcaya D, Farahmand B, Walter AO, Kneip C, Jöhrens K, Tukiainen M, Schmitz AA. Prognosis of patients with malignant mesothelioma by expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and mesothelin in a contemporary cohort in Finland. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100260. [PMID: 33310366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe mesothelin (MSLN) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour overexpression amongst patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM), and their associations with survival, amongst a cohort of patients with MM in Finland. METHODS Between 2004 and 2017, 91 adults with histologically confirmed MM were identified from the Auria Biobank in Finland and followed-up using linked data from electronic health records and national statistics. Biomarker content in tumour cell membranes was determined using automated Immunohistochemistry on histological sections. Stained tumour sections were scored for MSLN and PD-L1 intensity. Adjusted associations between MSLN/PD-L1 co-expression and mortality were evaluated by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression. RESULTS Biomarker overexpression occurred in 52 patients for MSLN and 34 patients for PD-L1 and was associated with tumour histology and certain comorbidities. Fifteen per cent of patients had a tumour that overexpressed both biomarkers; r =-0.244, p-value: 0.02. Compared with MSLN+/PD-L1+ patients, HRs (95% CIs) for death were 4.18 (1.71-10.23) for MSLN-/PD-L1+ patients, 3.03 (1.35-6.77) for MSLN-/PD-L1- patients, and 2.13 (0.97-4.67) for MSLN+/PD-L1- patients. CONCLUSIONS Both MSLN and PD-L1 markers were independent prognostic indicators in patients with MM. Overexpression of MSLN was associated with longer survival; yet their combined expression gave a better indication of survival. The risk of death was four times higher amongst MSLN-/PD-L1+ patients than in MSLN+/PD-L1+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Provitro AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikko Tukiainen
- Auria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Binti Kamaruddin NA, Fong LY, Tan JJ, Abdullah MNH, Singh Cheema M, Bin Yakop F, Yong YK. Cytoprotective Role of Omentin Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:E2534. [PMID: 32485974 PMCID: PMC7321413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Omentin, an adipocytokine that is abundantly expressed in visceral fat tissue, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. However, endothelial protective effects of omentin against oxidative stress remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of omentin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects of omentin were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptotic activity of HUVECs was detected using Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. Antioxidant activity of omentin was evaluated by measuring both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in HUVECs treated with omentin alone at concentrations of 150 to 450 ng/ml. MTT assay showed that omentin significantly prevented the cell death induced by H2O2 (p < 0.001). Hoechst staining and flow cytometry also revealed that omentin markedly prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, omentin not only significantly inhibited ROS production (p < 0.01) but also significantly (p < 0.01) increased GPx activity in HUVECs. In conclusion, our data suggest that omentin may protect HUVECs from injury induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aqilah Binti Kamaruddin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.H.A.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Manraj Singh Cheema
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.H.A.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Fahmi Bin Yakop
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia;
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Niersmann C, Röhrig K, Blüher M, Roden M, Herder C, Carstensen-Kirberg M. Increased Release of Proinflammatory Proteins in Primary Human Adipocytes and Activation of the Inflammatory NFĸB, p38, and ERK Pathways upon Omentin Treatment. Obes Facts 2020; 13:221-236. [PMID: 32252061 PMCID: PMC7250360 DOI: 10.1159/000506405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of omentin on the release of inflammation-related biomarkers and inflammatory pathways in primary human adipocytes. METHODS Adipocytes were treated with or without omentin (500 and 2,000 ng/mL), and the supernatants were analyzed for inflammation-related biomarkers using proximity extension assay technology. Potential upstream regulators of the omentin-stimulated proteins were identified using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Protein levels of components of inflammatory pathways were measured using Western blotting. RESULTS 2,000 ng/mL omentin induced the release of 30 biomarkers 97.1 ± 31.1-fold in the supernatants (all p < 0.05). Most biomarkers were proin-flammatory chemokines and cytokines. We identified the transcription factor nuclear factor "kappa-light-chain-enhancer" of activated B cells (NFĸB) and the kinases p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 as potential upstream regulators in silico. On the cellular level, treatment with 2,000 ng/mL omentin for 24 h enhanced the phosphorylation levels of NFĸB 2.1 ± 0.3-fold (p < 0.05), of p38 2.6 ± 0.4-fold (p < 0.05), and of ERK1/2 1.8 ± 0.2-fold (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data argue that omentin exerts proinflammatory effects through the activation of the inflammatory NFĸB, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways in cultured primary adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Niersmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Röhrig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany,
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,
| | - Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Nichetti F, Marra A, Corti F, Guidi A, Raimondi A, Prinzi N, de Braud F, Pusceddu S. The Role of Mesothelin as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Target Oncol 2019; 13:333-351. [PMID: 29656320 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor differentiation antigen, which is highly expressed in several solid neoplasms, including pancreatic cancer. Its selective expression on malignant cells and on only a limited number of healthy tissues has made it an interesting candidate for investigation as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target. Based on a strong preclinical rationale, a number of therapeutic agents targeting mesothelin have entered clinical trials, including immunotoxins, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, cancer vaccines, and adoptive T cell therapies with chimeric antigen receptors. In pancreatic cancer, mesothelin has been investigated mainly to address two unmet issues: the urgent need for new laboratory techniques for early tumor detection and the lack of successfully targetable oncogenic alterations for patients' treatment. In this review, we describe the clinicopathological significance of mesothelin expression in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression, we summarize available studies evaluating mesothelin as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in this disease, and we discuss current evidence and future perspectives of preclinical and clinical studies testing mesothelin as a molecular target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Raimondi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Niersmann C, Hauck SM, Kannenberg JM, Röhrig K, von Toerne C, Roden M, Herder C, Carstensen-Kirberg M. Omentin-regulated proteins combine a pro-inflammatory phenotype with an anti-inflammatory counterregulation in human adipocytes: A proteomics analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3074. [PMID: 30198166 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Experimental and epidemiological studies reported controversial data on the role of omentin in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to characterise the impact of omentin on the secretome of human adipocytes to analyse the enrichment of these proteins in metabolic and cellular signalling pathways underlying its physiological function. MATERIAL/METHODS Differentiated primary human adipocytes were treated without or with 500 or 2000 ng/mL omentin for 24 hours. The secretome was analysed by liquid chromatography coupled tandem-mass spectrometry. Differences in protein secretion between untreated and omentin-treated adipocytes were compared using a paired t-test. Other potential upstream regulators and the overrepresentation in canonical pathways of omentin-stimulated proteins were analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS The supernatant of adipocytes contained 3493 proteins, of which 140 were differentially secreted by both concentrations of omentin compared with untreated adipocytes. Among the most strongly increased proteins, tumour necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6) was increased by 140-fold in the supernatant. Omentin-regulated proteins were overrepresented in seven canonical pathways including eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signalling, complement system, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteases. We further identified 25 other potential upstream activators of omentin-regulated proteins, mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription regulators including NFκB. CONCLUSIONS In differentiated human adipocytes, the release of the anti-inflammatory TNFAIP6 might be part of a counterregulatory response to the pro-inflammatory action of omentin. Omentin-regulated proteins were overrepresented in pathways indicating cellular stress, a pro-inflammatory environment and a crosstalk with other organs. Other potential activators of omentin-regulated proteins point towards a central role of NFκB activation in the omentin-induced secretory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Niersmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia M Kannenberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Röhrig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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King EM, Mazor R, Çuburu N, Pastan I. Low-Dose Methotrexate Prevents Primary and Secondary Humoral Immune Responses and Induces Immune Tolerance to a Recombinant Immunotoxin. J Immunol 2018; 200:2038-2045. [PMID: 29431691 PMCID: PMC5840006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are chimeric proteins being developed for cancer treatment. They are composed of an Ab fragment that targets a cancer Ag and a cytotoxic portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. They are effective for patients with hematologic malignancies with defective immunity, but their efficacy against solid tumors is limited by anti-drug Ab (ADA) responses in immune-competent patients. Pre-existing Abs or immune memory owing to previous toxin exposure represent additional hurdles because they induce rapid and strong ADA responses. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) to prevent ADA formation against the mesothelin-targeting RIT LMB-100 in naive mice and in mice with pre-existing Abs. We found that low-dose MTX combined with LMB-100 completely suppressed the formation of ADAs in a dose- and frequency-dependent manner. Suppression of the immune response restored blood levels of LMB-100 and prevented its neutralization. Furthermore, combination of MTX with LMB-100 did not compromise the immune response against a second Ag given after stopping MTX, indicating specific immune tolerance. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes suppressed Ab responses to LMB-100 in recipient mice, indicating a durable immune tolerance. We conclude that combination of MTX and LMB-100 is effective at preventing immune responses in a durable, Ag-specific manner. We propose combining low-dose MTX in immune-competent cancer patients receiving RIT therapy to prevent immunogenicity. This approach could be applied to other immunogenic therapeutic agents and to proteins for which there is pre-existing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M King
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ronit Mazor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Nicolas Çuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Choi Y, Lee K, Ryu J, Kim HG, Jeong AY, Woo RS, Lee JH, Hyun JW, Hahn S, Kim JH, Kim HS. Neuritin attenuates cognitive function impairments in tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104121. [PMID: 25101829 PMCID: PMC4125179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritin, also known as CPG15, is a neurotrophic factor that was initially discovered in a screen to identify genes involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Neuritin plays multiple roles in the process of neural development and synaptic plasticity, although its binding receptor(s) and downstream signaling effectors remain unclear. In this study, we found that the cortical and hippocampal expression of neuritin is reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and demonstrated that viral-mediated expression of neuritin in the dentate gyrus of 13-month-old Tg2576 mice, an AD animal model, attenuated a deficit in learning and memory as assessed by a Morris water maze test. We also found that neuritin restored the reduction in dendritic spine density and the maturity of individual spines in primary hippocampal neuron cultures prepared from Tg2576 mice. It was also shown that viral-mediated expression of neuritin in the dentate gyrus of 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results demonstrate that neuritin restores the reduction in dendritic spine density and the maturity of individual spines in primary hippocampal neurons from Tg2576 neurons, and also attenuates cognitive function deficits in Tg2576 mouse model of AD, suggesting that neuritin possesses a therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoori Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Research Laboratory for Pain, Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyung Hahn
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (H-SK)
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (H-SK)
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Abstract
Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a liver-enriched oxidative stress sensor that has been implicated in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Clinical investigations indicated that the levels of VNN1 were increased in the urine and blood of diabetic patients, but the physiological significance of this phenomenon remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the hepatic expression of VNN1 was induced in fasted mice or mice with insulin resistance. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicated that VNN1 increased the expression of gluconeogenic genes and hepatic glucose output, which led to hyperglycemia. These effects of VNN1 on gluconeogenesis were mediated by the regulation of the Akt signaling pathway. Mechanistically, vnn1 transcription was activated by the synergistic interaction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α). A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that PGC-1α was present near the HNF-4α binding site on the proximal vnn1 promoter and activated the chromatin structure. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for VNN1 in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Therefore, VNN1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases caused by overactivated gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunqi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Abstract
In an effort to expand human islets and enhance allogeneic islet transplant for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, identifying signaling pathways that stimulate human β-cell proliferation is paramount. TGF-β superfamily members, in particular activin-A, are likely involved in islet development and may contribute to β-cell proliferation. Nodal, another TGF-β member, is present in both embryonic and adult rodent islets. Nodal, along with its coreceptor, Cripto, are pro-proliferative factors in certain cell types. Although Nodal stimulates apoptosis of rat insulinoma cells (INS-1), Nodal and Cripto signaling have not been studied in the context of human islets. The current study investigated the effects of Nodal and Cripto on human β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and viability. In the human pancreas and isolated human islets, we observed Nodal mRNA and protein expression, with protein expression observed in β and α-cells. Cripto expression was absent from human islets. Furthermore, in cultured human islets, exogenous Nodal stimulated modest β-cell proliferation and inhibited α-cell proliferation with no effect on cellular viability, apoptosis, or differentiation. Nodal stimulated the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)-2, with no effect on AKT or MAPK signaling, suggesting phosphorylated SMAD signaling was involved in β-cell proliferation. Cripto had no effect on human islet cell proliferation, differentiation, or viability. In conclusion, Nodal stimulates human β-cell proliferation while maintaining cellular viability. Nodal signaling warrants further exploration to better understand and enhance human β-cell proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Boerner
- MD, and Nora E. Sarvetnick, PhD, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5965. ; or
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Brunetti L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Recinella L, Leone S, Chiavaroli A, Di Nisio C, Shohreh R, Manippa F, Ricciuti A, Vacca M. Orexigenic effects of omentin-1 related to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased norepinephrine synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. Peptides 2013; 44:66-74. [PMID: 23538212 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Omentin-1, a visceral fat depot-specific secretory protein, is inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated, in rats, the effects of chronic omentin-1 administration (8 μg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 14-days) on feeding behavior and related hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters. Food intake and body weight were recorded daily throughout the study. We found a significantly increased food intake compared to controls, but only in days 10-14, while body weight significantly increased since day 12 (P<0.05). Compared with vehicle, omentin-1 treatment led to a significant reduction in both cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (P<0.05) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) (P<0.05) gene expression, while pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin-A gene expression were not modified with respect to vehicle-treated rats. We also found an increase in hypothalamic levodopa (l-dopa) (P<0.05) and norepinephrine (NE) (P<0.01) synthesis, without any effect on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism. Furthermore, in hypothalamic synaptosomes, omentin-1 (10-100 ng/ml) stimulated basal NE release (ANOVA, P<0.0001; post hoc, P<0.001 vs. vehicle), in a dose-dependent manner, leaving unaffected both basal and depolarization-induced DA and 5-HT release. Finally, when synaptosomes were co-perfused with leptin and omentin-1, we observed that leptin was able to reverse omentin-1-induced stimulation of NE. In conclusion, the orexigenic effects of omentin-1 could be related, at least in part, to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased NE synthesis and release in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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Greulich S, Chen WJY, Maxhera B, Rijzewijk LJ, van der Meer RW, Jonker JT, Mueller H, de Wiza DH, Floerke RR, Smiris K, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, Bax JJ, Romijn JA, Smit JWA, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A, Eckel J, Diamant M, Ouwens DM. Cardioprotective properties of omentin-1 in type 2 diabetes: evidence from clinical and in vitro studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59697. [PMID: 23555749 PMCID: PMC3612072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adipokines are linked to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (DM2). In DM2-patients, circulating levels of omentin-1, an adipokine preferentially expressed in epicardial adipose tissue, are decreased. This study investigated whether omentin-1 has a cardioprotective function. Methods Omentin-1 levels in plasma and cardiac fat depots were determined in DM2-patients versus controls. Moreover, the relation between omentin-1 levels and cardiac function was examined in men with uncomplicated DM2. Finally, we determined whether omentin-1 could reverse the induction of cardiomyocyte dysfunction by conditioned media derived from epicardial adipose tissue from patients with DM2. Results Omentin-1 was highly expressed and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue, and reduced in DM2. Circulating omentin-1 levels were lower in DM2 versus controls, and positively correlated with the diastolic parameters early peak filling rate, early deceleration peak and early deceleration mean (all P<0.05). The improved diastolic function following pioglitazone treatment associated with increases in omentin-1 levels (P<0.05). In vitro, exposure of cardiomyocytes to conditioned media derived from epicardial adipose tissue from patients with DM2 induced contractile dysfunction and insulin resistance, which was prevented by the addition of recombinant omentin. Conclusion These data identify omentin-1 as a cardioprotective adipokine, and indicate that decreases in omentin-1 levels could contribute to the induction of cardiovascular dysfunction in DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Greulich
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Weena J. Y. Chen
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bujar Maxhera
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Luuk J. Rijzewijk
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacqueline T. Jonker
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Mueller
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniella Herzfeld de Wiza
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ruediger Floerke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Smiris
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de Roos
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Romijn
- Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. A. Smit
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Juergen Eckel
- Paul Langerhans Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Margriet Ouwens
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Spry C, Macuamule C, Lin Z, Virga KG, Lee RE, Strauss E, Saliba KJ. Pantothenamides are potent, on-target inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum growth when serum pantetheinase is inactivated. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54974. [PMID: 23405100 PMCID: PMC3566143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of the virulent human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is dependent on an extracellular supply of pantothenate (vitamin B(5)) and is susceptible to inhibition by pantothenate analogues that hinder pantothenate utilization. In this study, on the hunt for pantothenate analogues with increased potency relative to those reported previously, we screened a series of pantothenamides (amide analogues of pantothenate) against P. falciparum and show for the first time that analogues of this type possess antiplasmodial activity. Although the active pantothenamides in this series exhibit only modest potency under standard in vitro culture conditions, we show that the potency of pantothenamides is selectively enhanced when the parasite culture medium is pre-incubated at 37°C for a prolonged period. We present evidence that this finding is linked to the presence in Albumax II (a serum-substitute routinely used for in vitro cultivation of P. falciparum) of pantetheinase activity: the activity of an enzyme that hydrolyzes the pantothenate metabolite pantetheine, for which pantothenamides also serve as substrates. Pantetheinase activity, and thereby pantothenamide degradation, is reduced following incubation of Albumax II-containing culture medium for a prolonged period at 37°C, revealing the true, sub-micromolar potency of pantothenamides. Importantly we show that the potent antiplasmodial effect of pantothenamides is attenuated with pantothenate, consistent with the compounds inhibiting parasite proliferation specifically by inhibiting pantothenate and/or CoA utilization. Additionally, we show that the pantothenamides interact with P. falciparum pantothenate kinase, the first enzyme involved in converting pantothenate to coenzyme A. This is the first demonstration of on-target antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues with sub-micromolar potency, and highlights the potential of pantetheinase-resistant pantothenamides as antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Spry
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Cristiano Macuamule
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South África
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kristopher G. Virga
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erick Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South África
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Medical School, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Xie H, Xie PL, Luo XH, Wu XP, Zhou HD, Tang SY, Liao EY. Omentin-1 exerts bone-sparing effect in ovariectomized mice. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1425-36. [PMID: 21755404 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Omentin-1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors, omentin-1 reduced osteoclast formation by stimulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and inhibiting receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) production in osteoblasts. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of omentin-1 suppressed bone turnover and restored bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength in ovariectomized mice. INTRODUCTION Omentin-1 (also intelectin-1) is a recently identified visceral adipose tissue-derived cytokine that is highly abundant in plasma. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on bone metabolism. METHODS Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production and matrix mineralization. OPG and RANKL protein expression and secretion in osteoblasts were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. The effect of recombinant omentin-1 on osteoclast formation was examined in co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. The effects of intravenous administration of adenoviral-delivered omentin-1 on bone mass, bone strength, and bone turnover were also examined in ovariectomized mice. RESULTS In vitro, omentin-1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation, while it had no direct effect on osteoclast differentiation; it also reduced osteoclast formation in the co-culture systems through stimulating OPG and inhibiting RANKL production in osteoblasts. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of omentin-1 partially restored BMD and bone strength in ovariectomized mice, accompanied by decreased levels of plasma osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and lower serum RANKL/OPG ratios. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that omentin-1 ameliorates bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency via downregulating the RANKL/OPG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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Shulepko MA, Liukmanova EN, Kasheverov IE, Dolgikh DA, Tsetlin VI, Kirpichnikov MP. [Bacterial expression of water-soluble domain of Lynx1, endogenic neuromodulator of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors]. Bioorg Khim 2012; 37:609-15. [PMID: 22332355 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162011050165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lynx1 expresses in the central nervous system and plays important role in a regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Successful milligram-quantitive expression of ws-Lynx1 was achieved only in the case of its production in the form of cytoplasm inclusion bodies. Different conditions of ws-Lynx1 refolding for yield optimization were performed. The obtained recombinant protein was characterized by means of mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy. The binding experiments on the nAChRs from Torpedo californica membranes revealed that ws-Lynxl is biologically active and blocks muscle nAChR with IC50-20-30 microM.
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Abstract
Over the past few decades, our understanding of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 has considerably advanced through biochemical, cell biology, and animal studies. Cripto-1 performs key functions during embryonic development, while it dramatically disappears in adult tissues, except possibly in adult tissue stem cells. Cripto-1 is re-expressed in human tumors promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor angiogenesis. This diversity of biological effects is dependent upon interaction of Cripto-1 with an extensive array of signaling molecules. In fact, Cripto-1 modulates signaling of transforming growth factor-β family members, including Nodal, GDF-1/-3, Activin, and TGF-β1, activates c-src/MAPK/Protein Kinase B (AKT) pathway in a Glypican-1 and GRP78-dependent manner, and cross-talks with erbB4, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Caveolin-1, and Apelin/putative receptor protein related to Angiotensin-type I receptor (APJ) pathways. This article provides an updated survey of the various signaling pathways modulated by Cripto-1 with a focus on mechanistic insights in our understanding of the biological function of Cripto-1 in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Nagaoka
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Brunetti L, Di Nisio C, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Vacca M. Effects of vaspin, chemerin and omentin-1 on feeding behavior and hypothalamic peptide gene expression in the rat. Peptides 2011; 32:1866-71. [PMID: 21855588 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin) improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. Chemerin may increase insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and seems to be associated with several key aspects of metabolic syndrome. Decreased levels of omentin-1 are associated with increasing obesity and insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of vaspin, chemerin and omentin-1 acute administration on feeding and hypothalamic gene expression of peptides which play a key role in feeding regulation. 35 rats were injected into the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus with either saline (n=8), vaspin (1μg/kg; n=9), chemerin (8μg/kg; n=9), or omentin-1 (8μg/kg; n=9). Food intake in the following 24h was recorded, thereafter rats were sacrificed. Total RNA was extracted from hypothalami and reverse transcribed to evaluate hypothalamic gene expression of agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin-A, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC), by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Compared to vehicle, vaspin injection significantly decreased feeding, while chemerin and omentin-1 had no effect in the tested dose. Vaspin treatment significantly decreased NPY and increased POMC gene expression. Chemerin treatment led to a significant increase of both AgRP and POMC gene expression. Omentin-1 treatment did not modify gene expression of the investigated peptides. Therefore, vaspin is an adipokine triggering anorectic pathways in the hypothalamus, where reduction of NPY and increase of POMC mRNA levels mediate feeding inhibition. Chemerin and omentin-1 have no effect on feeding in the tested dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, G. d' Annunzio University, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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