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Mokra K, Kaczmarska I, Bukowska B. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its selected analogs induce various cell death types in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141664. [PMID: 38485001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The perfluoalkyl substance (PFASs) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely used in industry. However, PFOS is a persistent organic pollutant and has been gradually replaced by its short-chain analogs, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFASs are extremely persistent and are very frequently detected among the general population. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected PFASs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the mechanisms of their action. PBMCs were exposed to PFOS, PFBS and PFHxS at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 400 μM for 24 h, they were then tested for viability, apoptosis (changes in cytosolic calcium ions level and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation), ferroptosis (changes in chelatable iron ions level and lipid peroxidation), and autophagy (LC3-II and Raptor level assay). PFOS exposure decreased cell viability, increased calcium ion level and caspase-8 activation; it also enhanced lipid peroxidation and increased the intracellular pool of chelatable iron ions as well as LC3-II protein content. In contrast, short-chain PFBS and PFHxS induced significant changes in the markers of apoptosis but had no substantial impact on ferroptosis or autophagy markers over a wide range of concentrations. Our results indicate that only PFOS demonstrated pro-ferroptotic and pro-autophagic potential but observed changes occurred at relatively high exposure. A short-chain substitute (PFBS) exhibited strong pro-apoptotic potential at concentrations related to occupational exposure. While the short-chain PFASs strongly affected the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, apoptosis itself was only induced by PFBS via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. It seems that the length of the carbon chain in PFASs appears to determine the cell death mechanisms activated in human PBMCs following exposure. Our findings provide a new insight into the immune toxicity mechanism induced by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mokra
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kaczmarska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Yang J, Zhang K, Shen C, Tang P, Tu S, Li J, Chen L, Yang W. The Association of Hypertension with Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Int Heart J 2023; 64:1079-1087. [PMID: 37967990 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) is a large group of fluorinated synthetic chemicals, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Many epidemiological studies have found that PFAS exposure is associated with hypertension risk, but others possess a different opinion. Overall, the relationship between PFASs and hypertension risk remains controversial. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between PFAS exposure and human risk of hypertension.We conducted a meta-analysis based on population-involving studies published from 1975 to 2023, which we collected from Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases. The odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD), with their 95% confidence interval (CI), were used to assess the risk of hypertension with PFAS exposure. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I2 statistics. Research publications related to our meta-analysis topic were systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies involving 71,663 participants, in which 26,281 suffered hypertension, met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses suggest that exposure to general PFAS (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.14) or PFOS (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05-1.30) is associated with hypertension risk. Specifically, elevated levels of general PFAS (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08-0.42), PFHxS (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07-0.27), and PFDA (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02-0.13) are associated with a high risk of hypertension.Our meta-analysis indicates that PFAS exposure is a risk factor for hypertension, and increased hypertension risk is associated with higher PFAS levels. Further study may eventually provide a better and more comprehensive elucidation of the potential mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Chengchen Shen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Shasha Tu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Jiangyun Li
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University
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Fan G, Liu Q, Bi J, Fang Q, Qin X, Wu M, Lv Y, Mei S, Wang Y, Wan Z, Song L. Associations of polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide exposure with hyperuricemia: modification by lifestyle factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106562-106570. [PMID: 37726631 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has reported positive associations of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with hyperuricemia. However, most of these studies have primarily focused on the individual effects of PCB/OCP exposure. We aimed to explore the associations of both individual and combined PCB/OCP exposure with hyperuricemia and examine whether such associations could be modified by lifestyle factors. The cross-sectional study recruited 2032 adults between March and May 2019 in Wuhan, China. Logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to explore the relationship of individual and combined PCB/OCP exposure with hyperuricemia, while considering the modified effects of lifestyle factors. Of the 2032 participants, 522 (25.7%) had hyperuricemia. Compared with the non-detected group, the detected groups of PCB153 and PCB180 exhibited a positive association with hyperuricemia, with OR (95% CIs) of 1.52 (1.22, 1.91) and 1.51 (1.20, 1.90), respectively. WQS regression showed that PCB/OCP mixture was positively associated with hyperuricemia (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.58). PCB153/PCB180 exposure, combined with an unhealthy lifestyle, has a significant additive effect on hyperuricemia. Overall, PCB/OCP mixture and individual PCB153/PCB180 exposure were positively associated with hyperuricemia. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle may modify the potential negative impact of PCBs/OCPs on hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianing Bi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiya Qin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Surong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Xiao F, An Z, Lv J, Sun X, Sun H, Liu Y, Liu X, Guo H. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1173101. [PMID: 37655293 PMCID: PMC10466234 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence indicates that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may increase the risk of hypertension, but the findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between PFASs and hypertension through this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases for articles published in English that examined the relationship between PFASs and hypertension before 13 August 2022. The random effects model was used to aggregate the evaluation using Stata 15.0 for Windows. We also conducted subgroup analyses by region and hypertension definition. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the robustness of the findings. Results The meta-analysis comprised 15 studies in total with 69,949 individuals. The risk of hypertension was substantially and positively correlated with exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.51), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.26), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.09). However, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) exposure and hypertension were not significantly associated (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.17). Conclusion We evaluated the link between PFASs exposure and hypertension and discovered that higher levels of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, further high-quality population-based and pathophysiological investigations are required to shed light on the possible mechanism and demonstrate causation because of the considerable variability. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, registration number: CRD 42022358142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziwen An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junli Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heming Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China
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Amstutz VH, Cengo A, Gehres F, Sijm DTHM, Vrolijk MF. Investigating the cytotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells: A structure-activity relationship approach. Toxicology 2022; 480:153312. [PMID: 36075290 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of man-made chemicals with currently over 4'700 compounds identified. While toxicological data are available for some of the legacy PFAS, such as PFOA and PFOS, a knowledge gap remains concerning both emerging and legacy PFAS' toxicity due to the diversity of the PFAS. Therefore, a better understanding of the PFAS structure-activity relationship may prove helpful. The present study investigated a potential structure-activity relationship between PFAS and hepatotoxicity. As such, the effects of thirteen PFAS with varying carbon chain-length and functional head-groups (in a concentration range of 0-800 µM) on the cell viability of HepG2 cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species formation have been tested using the MTT and DCFH assay, respectively. The exposure times were either 3 or 24 h. In addition, intracellular PFAS levels were determined in HepG2 after 24 h exposure. The present study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of PFAS is dependent on their chain-length as cell viability decreased with increasing chain-length at both exposure times. Calculated Relative Potency Factors (RPF), based on the TC50 values, were used for a tentative ranking of PFAS regarding their hepatotoxicity: PFNA ˃ PFDA ˃ PFOS ≥ PFOA ˃ PFHxS ˃ PFBS ˃˃ PFHpA = PFHxA = PFBA = PFPrA = 6:2 FTOH = 4:2 = FTOH = 3:1 FTOH. Similar results were observed regarding intracellular reactive oxygen species generation at both exposure times, with a tentative ranking of: PFNA ˃ PFOS ˃ PFOA ≥ PFDA ˃ PFHxS ˃ PFBS ˃ PFBA ˃ PFHpA ≥ PFHxA ˃ PFPrA ˃ 6:2 FTOH = 4:2 FTOH = 3:1 FTOH. Moreover, a concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species generation has been observed for all PFSAs and PFCAs, but not for the FTOHs. In conclusion, the carbon chain-length and functional head-group of a PFAS determine their in vitro toxicity for the two toxicological endpoints assessed in the present study. Moreover, no effects were observed for the tested FTOHs. As such, the present study established a potential structure-activity relationship that opens the possibility of developing a predictive model to help with the risk assessment of PFAS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Amstutz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - A Cengo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F Gehres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Office for Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3540 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D T H M Sijm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Office for Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), 3540 AA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M F Vrolijk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Zhou YT, Li R, Li SH, Ma X, Liu L, Niu D, Duan X. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure affects early embryonic development and offspring oocyte quality via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107413. [PMID: 35863238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic perfluorinated compound that is extensively used as an integral surfactant in commercial production. Owing to its hydrophilicity and persistence, PFOA can accumulate in living organisms and induce severe disease in animals and humans. It has been reported that PFOA exposure can affect ovarian function and induce reproductive toxicity; however, the effects and potential mechanism of PFOA exposure during gestation on early embryonic development and offspring remain unclear. This study found that PFOA exposure in vitro disrupted spindle assembly and chromosome alignment during the first cleavage of early mouse embryos, which impacted early embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation. Moreover, PFOA exposure caused mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by inducing aberrant Ca2+ levels, liquid drops(LDs), and mitochondrial membrane potential in the 2-cell stage. Furthermore, we found that PFOA exposure resulted in DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in 2-cell stage by inhibiting SOD2 function. Gestational exposure to PFOA significantly increased ovarian apoptosis and disrupted follicle development in F1 offspring. In addition, oocyte maturation competence was decreased in F1 offspring. Finally, single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that PFOA-induced oocyte deterioration was caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in the F1 offspring. In summary, our results indicated that gestational exposure to PFOA had potential toxic effects on ovarian function and led to a higher incidence of meiotic defects in F1 female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Si-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Boyd RI, Ahmad S, Singh R, Fazal Z, Prins GS, Madak Erdogan Z, Irudayaraj J, Spinella MJ. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122919. [PMID: 35740585 PMCID: PMC9220899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are industrial chemicals found in many household products that persist in the environment. While several excellent review articles exist on the potential harmful effects of PFAS, there are few focused on cancer. This concise and streamlined mini-review focuses on summarizing molecular mechanisms related to the potential cancer-promoting properties of PFAS. This review organizes and interprets the vast primary PFAS cancer biology literature and provides a coherent, unified, and digestible model of the molecular mechanisms that potentially explains PFAS cancer promotion. Abstract Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are chemicals that persist and bioaccumulate in the environment and are found in nearly all human populations through several routes of exposure. Human occupational and community exposure to PFAS has been associated with several cancers, including cancers of the kidney, testis, prostate, and liver. While evidence suggests that PFAS are not directly mutagenic, many diverse mechanisms of carcinogenicity have been proposed. In this mini-review, we organize these mechanisms into three major proposed pathways of PFAS action—metabolism, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic perturbation—and discuss how these distinct but interdependent pathways may explain many of the proposed pro-carcinogenic effects of the PFAS class of environmental contaminants. Notably, each of the pathways is predicted to be highly sensitive to the dose and window of exposure which may, in part, explain the variable epidemiologic and experimental evidence linking PFAS and cancer. We highlight testicular and prostate cancer as models to validate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya I. Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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Seo SH, Choi SD, Batterman S, Chang YS. Health risk assessment of exposure to organochlorine pesticides in the general population in Seoul, Korea over 12 years: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127381. [PMID: 34638073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the 12-year trends in serum levels of 28 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 880 adults living in Seoul, Korea. The OCP levels decreased from 2006 to 2017, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene was a predominant compound. OCP levels were higher in females than in males, and showed positive associations with BMI and age. The OCP concentrations had inverted U-shaped associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in participants that were normotensive. OCP levels showed positive associations with uric acid, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, but negative associations with free thyroxine. Participants with diabetes had significantly higher OCP levels than those without it. Principal component analysis suggested possible differences in disease manifestation depending on the composition of OCPs. These results suggest that OCPs might disturb renal transport and thyroid homeostasis. To our knowledge, the inverted U-shaped associations of heptachlor epoxide and endosulfan with cholesterol, the epidemiological associations of trans-nonachlor and endosulfan with thyroid hormones, and the association of p,p'-DDE with hyperuricemia have not been previously reported in general population. This is the first long-term study to show trends of 28 OCPs in serum and associations with various health indicators in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Seo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Cantoni B, Turolla A, Wellmitz J, Ruhl AS, Antonelli M. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) adsorption in drinking water by granular activated carbon: Influence of activated carbon and PFAS characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148821. [PMID: 34252781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) persistence in the environment leads to their presence in drinking water, that is of high concern due to their potential human health risk. Adsorption onto activated carbon (AC) has been identified as an effective technique to remove PFAS. Adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves, determined by rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs), were studied for eight PFAS and four granular ACs, characterized by different origins, porosities and numbers of reactivation cycles. Both batch and RSSCT results highlighted the strong interaction of AC and PFAS characteristics in adsorption capacity. The most important factor affecting AC performance is the surface charge: a positively-charged AC showed higher adsorption capacities with greater Freundlich constants (KF) and later 50% breakthroughs compared to the AC with neutral surface. Among the positively-charged ACs, a microporous AC demonstrated higher adsorption capacities for hydrophilic and marginally hydrophobic PFAS, while the mesoporous AC performed better for more hydrophobic PFAS, possibly due to lower pore blockage by organic matter. These results were confirmed at full-scale through a one-year monitoring campaign, in which samples were collected at the inlets and outlets of GAC systems in 17 drinking water treatment plants spread in a wide urban area, where the four analyzed ACs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cantoni
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jörg Wellmitz
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 2.5, Bismarckplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki S Ruhl
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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10
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Yoo HJ, Pyo MC, Park Y, Kim BY, Lee KW. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) exposure induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08272. [PMID: 34765786 PMCID: PMC8571496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, also known as GenX, is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). PFASs are nonvolatile synthetic substances that can be readily disseminated into the environment during processing and use, making them easy to implement in the soil, drinking water, and air. Compared to other PFASs, GenX has a comparatively short carbon chain length and is expected to have a lower tendency to accumulate in humans; therefore, GenX has recently been used as a substitute to other PFASs. However, the mechanisms underlying GenX action and intoxication in humans remains unclear. In this study, the apoptotic capacity of GenX in human liver cells was investigated. When representative human-derived liver cells (HepG2 cells) were treated with GenX for 12 h, cell viability was reduced, and apoptosis was greatly increased. In addition, GenX increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating the induction of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. GenX treatment increased the expression of major apoptosis-related genes relative to the untreated control group. This research indicates that GenX causes apoptosis through ROS mediation in HepG2 cells, which may expand our knowledge of the molecular and toxicological mechanisms of GenX. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) can be harmful to the liver. Through the mediation of ROS, GenX causes apoptosis in HepG2 cells. GenX activates Bax, caspase 3/9, CHOP, and p53 via the apoptosis. The intrinsic pathway links GenX mode of action to apoptosis-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ojo AF, Xia Q, Peng C, Ng JC. Evaluation of the individual and combined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances to human liver cells using biomarkers of oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130808. [PMID: 34022600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although human exposure is to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their combined effects and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the combined effects of PFAS was investigated by treating human liver cells (HepG2) with various concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) individually or in binary combinations (PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS) for 24 h using an orthogonal design. The individual and binary combination effects of PFAS on the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by MTS assay, dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, and GSH-Glo™ Glutathione assay, respectively. The results showed that exposure to PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFNA, and PFHxS individually and in binary combinations caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. Also, intracellular ROS production was not significantly induced in both the individual and co-treatment groups, indicating that ROS production may not be likely influencing the combined cytotoxicity of PFAS to HepG2 cells. However, the depletion of the intracellular glutathione levels was correlated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, the factorial analysis results showed no significant interactive effects between PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS. Taken together, the results showed that both individual and combined PFAS could induce concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and depletion of GSH levels, but could not induce significant increases in ROS production at the concentration range tested. Overall, these results provided valuable toxicological data on the combined effects of mixed PFAS that may help to better assess their human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke F Ojo
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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12
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Coperchini F, Croce L, Pignatti P, Ricci G, Gangemi D, Magri F, Imbriani M, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. The new generation PFAS C6O4 does not produce adverse effects on thyroid cells in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1625-1635. [PMID: 33315184 PMCID: PMC8285310 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl-substances (PFASs) are synthetic compounds that raised concern due to their potential adverse effects on human health. Long-chain PFAS were banned by government rules in many states, and thus, new emerging PFAS were recently introduced as substitutes. Among these, Perfluoro{acetic acid, 2-[(5-methoxy-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)oxy]}, ammonium salt (C6O4) was recently introduced to produce a range of food contact articles and literature data about this compound are scanty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of exposure to C6O4, compared with PFOA and PFOS on thyroid cells. METHODS FRTL5 rat-thyroid cell lines and normal human thyroid cells (NHT) were incubated with increasing concentrations of C6O4 for 24, 48, 72, and 144 h to assess cell viability by WST-1. Cell viability was confirmed by AnnexinV/PI staining. Long-chain PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) were used at same concentrations as positive controls. The proliferation of cells exposed to C6O4, PFOA, and PFOS was measured by staining with crystal violet and evaluation of optical density after incubation with SDS. Changes in ROS production by FRTL5 and NHT after exposure to C6O4 at short (10, 20, and 30 min) and long-time points (24 h) were evaluated by cytofluorimetry. RESULTS C6O4 exposure did not modify FRTL5 and NHT cell viability at any concentration and/or time points with no induction of necrosis/apoptosis. At difference, PFOS exposure reduced cell viability of FRTL5 while and NHT, while PFOA only in FRTL5. FRTL5 and NHT cell proliferation was reduced by incubation with by PFOA and PFOS, but not with C6O4. ROS production by NHT and FRTL5 cells was not modified after C6O4 exposure, at any time/concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS The present in vitro study constitutes the first evaluation of the potential adverse effects of the new emerging PFAS C6O4 in cultured rat and human thyroid cells, suggesting its safety for thyroid cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coperchini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Croce
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- PHD Course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Ricci
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Gangemi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Magri
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Imbriani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Rotondi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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13
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Li N, Liu Y, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Eaton CB, Kelsey KT, Cecil KM, Kalkwarf HJ, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Braun JM. Gestational and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk at age 12 years. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106344. [PMID: 33418195 PMCID: PMC7856172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may adversely influence cardiometabolic risk. However, few studies have examined if the timing of early life PFAS exposure modifies their relation to cardiometabolic risk. We examined the influence of gestational and childhood PFAS exposure on adolescents' cardiometabolic risk. METHODS We quantified concentrations of four PFAS (perfluorooctanoate [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS], perfluorononanoate [PFNA], and perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS]) in sera collected during pregnancy, at birth, and at ages 3, 8, and 12 years from 221 mother-child pairs in the HOME Study (enrolled 2003-06, Cincinnati, Ohio). We measured cardiometabolic risk factors using physical examinations, fasting serum biomarkers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at age 12 years. Cardiometabolic risk summary scores were calculated by summing age- and sex-standardized z-scores for individual cardiometabolic risk factors. We used multiple informant models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations of serum PFAS concentrations (log2-transformed) at each visit with cardiometabolic risk scores and their individual components, and tested for differences in associations across visits. RESULTS The associations of serum PFOA concentrations with cardiometabolic risk scores differed across visits (P for heterogeneity = 0.03). Gestational and cord serum PFOA concentrations were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk scores (βs and 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]: gestational 0.8 [0.0, 1.6]; cord 0.9 [-0.1, 1.9] per interquartile range increase). These positive associations were primarily driven by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (β = 0.3 [0.1, 0.5]) and adiponectin to leptin ratio (β = -0.5 [-1.0, 0.0]). Other individual cardiometabolic risk factors associated with gestational PFOA included insulin and waist circumference. Gestational and cord PFHxS were also associated with higher cardiometabolic risk scores (βs: gestational 0.9 [0.2, 1.6]; cord 0.9 [0.1, 1.7]). CONCLUSION In this cohort of children with higher gestational PFOA exposure, fetal exposure to PFOA and PFHxS was associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Kent Memorial Hospital, Warwick, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
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14
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Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030995. [PMID: 33498193 PMCID: PMC7863963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants and processing aids. While several types of PFAS have been voluntarily phased out by their manufacturers, these chemicals continue to be of ecological and public health concern due to their persistence in the environment and their presence in living organisms. Moreover, while the compounds referred to as “legacy” PFAS remain in the environment, alternative compounds have emerged as replacements for their legacy predecessors and are now detected in numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. In addition, we evaluate current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examine the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, including cancer- and non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given to short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and ether-substituted, polyfluoroalkyl alternatives including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (DONA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA; tradename F-53B).
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15
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Yang Y, Meng K, Chen M, Xie S, Chen D. Fluorotelomer Alcohols' Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:71-101. [PMID: 33866421 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used as industrial raw materials due to their unique hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. However, because of accidental exposure to products containing FTOHs or with the widespread use of FTOHs, they tend to contaminate the water and the soil. There are reports demonstrating that FTOHs can cause various harmful effects in animals and humans (for example, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity, and developmental and reproductive toxicities). Oxidative stress is related to a variety of toxic effects induced by FTOHs. To date, few reviews have addressed the relationship between the toxicity of FTOHs and oxidative stress. This article summarises research demonstrating that the toxicity induced by FTOHs correlates with oxidative stress and metabolism. Furthermore, during the metabolic process of FTOHs, a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are involved and many metabolites are produced by these enzymes, which can induce oxidative stress. This is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kuiyu Meng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Li C, Shao Y, Xue W, Wang N, Xu X, Zhang Z. Antioxidant defense system responses, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: an integrated biomarker approach to evaluating toxicity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26481-26492. [PMID: 35479973 PMCID: PMC9037344 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most representative perfluoroalkyl substances and has garnered intense human and ecological health concerns due to its ubiquity in the environment, bio-accumulative nature and potential toxicological effects. In this study, an artificial soil containing PFOA was used to evaluate the biological toxicity of PFOA to earthworms Eisenia fetida. Six kinds of oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) and DNA damage in earthworms were detected after exposure to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg kg−1 PFOA in the soil for 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. The results of multi-biomarker responses indicated that PFOA can induce various adverse effects on earthworms, including growth inhibition, oxidative stress and genotoxicity, resulting in lipid membrane peroxidation, decreased lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage. LPO, LMS and DNA damage all presented dose- and time-dependent relationships. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was applied to summarize the multi-biomarker responses to star plots, and the IBR value was calculated as the area of the plots to indicate the integrated stress of PFOA on earthworms. The IBR index showed that the integrated stress induced by PFOA increased markedly throughout the exposure period, exhibiting a concentration-related and exposure time-related effect. The graphical changing trend of the IBR star plots, along with the multi-biomarker responses, suggested that the biomarkers of the antioxidant defense system in earthworms are sufficiently sensitive for short-term PFOA biomonitoring programs, while the bioindicators that indicate actual damage in organisms are more suitable to be employed in long-term monitoring programs for the risk assessment of PFOA. This is the first study evaluating the biological toxicity of PFOA by using an integrated biomarker approach. Our results showed that PFOA can potentially damage soil ecosystems, which provides valuable information for chemical risk assessment of PFOA in the soil environment and early warning bioindicators of soils contaminated by PFOA. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was calculated to evaluate the integrated toxicological effects of PFOA on earthworm Eisenia fetida.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
| | - Chaona Li
- Jiangxi Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau Testing Center
- Nanchang 330002
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
| | - Weina Xue
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong Jianzhu University
- Jinan 250101
- P. R. China
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17
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Lin T, Zhang Y, Ding X, Huang T, Zhang W, Zou W, Kuang H, Yang B, Wu L, Zhang D. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces cytotoxicity in spermatogonial GC-1 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127545. [PMID: 32653749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), a typical perfluorinated chemical, has been suggested to interfere with male reproductive function. In this study, mouse spermatogonial GC-1 cells were in vitro treated with PFOA (250, 500 or 750 μM) for 24 h to investigate the cytotoxicity of PFOA and its underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that exposure to intermediate and high doses of PFOA suppressed the viability of GC-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PFOA treatment markedly enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, with diminished activity of superoxide dismutase. Particularly, PFOA exposure evoked a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Furthermore, the apoptotic index and caspase-3 activity were significantly elevated after treatment with PFOA. In addition, PFOA incubation caused an increase in LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio. Meanwhile, PFOA resulted in an excessive accumulation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. Taken together, exposure to PFOA can elicit cytotoxicity to spermatogonial GC-1 cells in vitro, which may be link to the mitochondrial oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xinbao Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Weiying Zou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Dalei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Bonato M, Corrà F, Bellio M, Guidolin L, Tallandini L, Irato P, Santovito G. PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8020. [PMID: 33143342 PMCID: PMC7663035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely used in multiple industrial and commercial applications, but they are toxic for animals, humans included. This review presents some available data on the PFAS environmental distribution in the world, and in particular in Europe and in the Veneto region of Italy, where it has become a serious problem for human health. The consumption of contaminated food and drinking water is considered one of the major source of exposure for humans. Worldwide epidemiological studies report the negative effects that PFAS have on human health, due to environmental pollution, including infertility, steroid hormone perturbation, thyroid, liver and kidney disorders, and metabolic disfunctions. In vitro and in vivo researches correlated PFAS exposure to oxidative stress effects (in mammals as well as in other vertebrates of human interest), produced by a PFAS-induced increase of reactive oxygen species formation. The cellular antioxidant defense system is activated by PFAS, but it is only partially able to avoid the oxidative damage to biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (L.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (L.G.); (L.T.)
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Pitter G, Zare Jeddi M, Barbieri G, Gion M, Fabricio ASC, Daprà F, Russo F, Fletcher T, Canova C. Perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension in highly exposed young adults. Environ Health 2020; 19:102. [PMID: 32958007 PMCID: PMC7507812 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents in a large area of North-Eastern Italy were exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via drinking water. Studies on the association between PFAS and blood pressure levels are limited, and results are inconsistent. Using cross-sectional data from the Regional health surveillance program, we aimed to quantify the associations between PFAS serum concentrations and blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. METHODS The study comprised 16,224 individuals aged 20-39 years. Pregnant women (n = 327), or individuals with missing information on the selected covariates (n = 111) were excluded, leaving 15,786 subjects for the analyses. Hypertension was defined as any self-reported diagnosis, use of antihypertensive drugs, or elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). Generalized additive models were used to investigate the relation between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) natural log (ln) transformed and by decile, and SBP, DBP, hypertension, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Both SBP and DBP increased significantly with an increase in the ln-transformed serum PFAS concentrations in a monotonic way. The predicted increase in SBP and DBP were 1.54 mmHg (95%CI 0.61-2.47), 1.60 mmHg (95%CI 0.92-2.27) from lowest to highest decile of PFOA. The associations were stronger for SBP in men and for DBP in women. One unit increase in each In-transformed PFAS was positively associated with an increased odd of hypertension in men: PFOA OR = 1.06 (1.01-1.11), PFOS OR = 1.13 (1.03-1.23), PFHxS OR = 1.08 (1.02-1.15), PFNA OR = 1.20 (1.02-1.40). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that serum PFAS concentrations were associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a large highly exposed young adult population. Although the magnitude of the observed effect was relatively small, if confirmed it would be of public health relevance since even small increases in blood pressure levels at the population level may be associated to a raised risk of adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Pitter
- Screening and Health Impact Assessment Unit, Azienda Zero-Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Maryam Zare Jeddi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Via Loredan 18, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Via Loredan 18, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Gion
- Regional Center for Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy
| | - Aline S. C. Fabricio
- Regional Center for Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy
| | - Francesca Daprà
- Laboratory Department-Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection-Veneto Region, Venice, Italy
| | - Francesca Russo
- Directorate of Prevention, Food Safety, and Veterinary Public Health-Veneto Region, Venice, Italy
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Via Loredan 18, 35131 Padova, Italy
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20
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Mitro SD, Sagiv SK, Fleisch AF, Jaacks LM, Williams PL, Rifas-Shiman SL, Calafat AM, Hivert MF, Oken E, James-Todd TM. Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa431. [PMID: 32620010 PMCID: PMC7418448 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MEASURES We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. RESULTS Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: -0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: -0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna D Mitro
- Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, US
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center; and Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, US
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, US
| | - Tamarra M James-Todd
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
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21
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Lin Y, Rivera MS, Jiang T, Li G, Cotto I, Vosloo S, Carpenter CM, Larese-Casanova P, Giese RW, Helbling DE, Padilla IY, Rosario-Pabón Z, Vega CV, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh AN, Pinto A, Gu AZ. Impact of Hurricane Maria on Drinking Water Quality in Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9495-9509. [PMID: 32640159 PMCID: PMC7837318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study performed a comprehensive assessment of the impact of Hurricane Maria (HM) on drinking water quality in Puerto Rico (PR) by integrating targeted chemical analysis of both inorganic (18 trace elements) and organic trace pollutants (200 micropollutants) with high-throughput quantitative toxicogenomics and in vitro biomarkers-based toxicity assays. Average concentrations of 14 detected trace elements and 20 organic micropollutants showed elevation after HM. Arsenic, sucralose, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), atrazine-2-hydroxy, benzotriazole, acesulfame, and prometon were at significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels in the post-HM than in the pre-HM samples. Thirteen micropollutants, including four pesticides, were only detected in posthurricane samples. Spatial comparison showed higher pollutant and toxicity levels in the samples from northern PR (where eight Superfund sites are located) than in those from southern PR. Distinctive pathway-specific molecular toxicity fingerprints for water extracts before and after HM and at different locations revealed changes in toxicity nature that likely resulted from the impact of HM on drinking water composition. Correlation analysis and Maximum Cumulative Ratio assessment suggested that metals (i.e., arsenic) and PFOA were the top ranked pollutants that have the potential to cause increased risk after HM, providing a possible direction for future water resource management and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Irmarie Cotto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Solize Vosloo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Roger W. Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Damian E. Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Ingrid Y. Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR
| | | | | | - José F. Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Ameet Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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22
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Lin PID, Cardenas A, Hauser R, Gold DR, Kleinman KP, Hivert MF, Calafat AM, Webster TF, Horton ES, Oken E. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure in pre-diabetic adults-cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105573. [PMID: 32088543 PMCID: PMC7094005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of plasma concentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with blood pressure (BP) is uncertain. This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations of PFAS with BP and hypertension. We quantified plasma PFAS concentrations from 957 participants enrolled in the lifestyle and placebo arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a randomized controlled trial with approximately 15 years of follow-up. We used multivariable linear and logistic regressions to test cross-sectional associations of six PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (MeFOSAA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), with BP and hypertension prevalence, respectively, at baseline. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate longitudinal associations between baseline PFAS and the rate of BP changes, and Cox-Proportional hazard models to estimate risk of developing hypertension relative to baseline PFAS. Models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, treatment arm, educational attainment, income, marital status, smoking habit, alcohol drinking, and diet. We tested for effect modification by the treatment arm and sex, and accounted for multiple comparisons using the False-Discovery Rate (FDR). PFAS concentrations and hypertension prevalence within the study population (65.3% female, 57.7% White, 65.3% aged 40-59 years) were comparable to the general U.S. population. Cross-sectionally, we found small but statistically significant associations of baseline plasma concentrations of PFOA with systolic BP (β per doubling: 1.49 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.29, 2.70); and MeFOSAA with hypertension (RR = 1.09 per doubling, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19). Estimates were not statistically significant after FDR adjustment. Longitudinally, we observed null associations in the placebo arm, but some inverse associations of baseline PFOS and MeFOSAA with systolic BP in the lifestyle arm, perhaps due to regression toward the mean. Baseline PFAS concentrations also were not prospectively associated with hypertension risk. Overall, there were modest and mostly null associations of plasma PFAS concentrations with BP and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-I D Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ken P Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edward S Horton
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Temkin AM, Hocevar BA, Andrews DQ, Naidenko OV, Kamendulis LM. Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1668. [PMID: 32143379 PMCID: PMC7084585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immortalization or alter DNA repair. While more research is needed to address data gaps, evidence exists that several PFAS exhibit one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Temkin
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Barbara A. Hocevar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
| | - David Q. Andrews
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Olga V. Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (D.Q.A.); (O.V.N.)
| | - Lisa M. Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (B.A.H.); (L.M.K.)
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24
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Miranda AF, Trestrail C, Lekamge S, Nugegoda D. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on the thyroid status, vitellogenin, and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the Murray River rainbowfish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:163-174. [PMID: 31938948 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid's (PFOA) widespread use, presence and persistence in the aquatic environment has led to an increasing number of studies focusing on its toxicological effects. In Australia, PFOA has been detected in the aquatic environment, however its effects on Australian native fauna are unknown. In this study, male Australian native fish Murray River rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) were exposed to four different concentrations of PFOA (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L-1). Variations in thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine (T3)/Thyroxine (T4)) and the presence of vitellogenin were determined in plasma. Oxidative stress responses were evaluated in gills and liver. Exposure of male fish to PFOA resulted in altered T3/T4 ratios and the presence of vitellogenin in the plasma. Activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) were significantly increased in the gills and significantly reduced in the liver. Lipid peroxidation was observed in both tissues showing that vital organs could not neutralize the peroxides generated by oxidative stress resulting from exposure to PFOA. In natural populations exposed to PFOA, such hormonal disturbances can have negative effects, notably through altered capacity to respond to changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Miranda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Charlene Trestrail
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sam Lekamge
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
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25
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Xu M, Liu G, Li M, Huo M, Zong W, Liu R. Probing the Cell Apoptosis Pathway Induced by Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate at the Subcellular and Molecular Levels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:633-641. [PMID: 31891488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As typical perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been detected in various environmental media and their toxic effects have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how PFCs cause cell apoptosis in healthy hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress at the subcellular and molecular levels. In this study, the apoptotic pathways induced by PFOA and PFOS were explored. Besides, the effects of PFCs on the structure and function of lysozyme (LYZ) were investigated. After PFOA and PFOS exposure, the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential were damaged. Further, PFOA and PFOS increased intracellular Ca2+ levels to 174.41 ± 1.70 and 158.91 ± 5.94%, respectively. Ultimately, caspase-3 was activated, causing cell apoptosis. As an indirect antioxidant enzyme, the molecular structure of LYZ was destroyed after interacting with PFOA and PFOS. Both PFOA and PFOS bound to the active center of LYZ, leading to the decrease of LYZ activity to 91.26 ± 0.78 and 76.01 ± 4.86%, respectively. This study demonstrates that PFOA and PFOS inhibit LYZ function, which can reduce the body's ability to resist oxidative stress, and then lead to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Liu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control , 2749# Xinluo Street, High Tech Zone , Jinan City , Shandong Province 250100 , PR China
| | - Meifei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Mengling Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment , Shandong Normal University , 88# East Wenhua Road , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health , Shandong University , 72# Jimo Binhai Road , Qingdao , Shandong 266237 , P. R. China
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26
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Zheng T, Zhu C, Bassig BA, Liu S, Buka S, Zhang X, Truong A, Oh J, Fulton J, Dai M, Li N, Shi K, Qian Z, Boyle P. The long-term rapid increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the USA, especially among younger ages. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1886-1896. [PMID: 31317187 PMCID: PMC7967823 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously observed a rapid increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in men and women between 1935 and 1989 in the USA, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. This increase appeared to be largely explained by a positive cohort effect, but no population-based study has been conducted to comprehensively examine age-period-cohort effects by histologic types for the past decade. METHODS We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates of the two major kidney-cancer subtypes RCC and renal urothelial carcinoma, and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of 114 138 incident cases of kidney cancer reported between 1992 and 2014 to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC have been increasing consistently in the USA among both men and women (from 12.18/100 000 in 1992-1994 to 18.35/100 000 in 2010-2014 among men; from 5.77/100 000 in 1992-1994 to 8.63/100 000 in 2010-2014 among women). Incidence rates generally increased in successive birth cohorts, with a continuing increase in rates among the younger age groups (ages 0-54 years) in both men and women and among both Whites and Blacks. These observations were confirmed by age-period-cohort modelling, which suggested an increasing birth-cohort trend for RCC beginning with 1955 birth cohorts, regardless of the assumed value for the period effect for both men and women and for Whites and Blacks. CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for kidney cancer may not fully account for the observed increasing rates or the birth-cohort pattern for RCC, prompting the need for additional etiologic hypotheses (such as environmental exposures) to investigate these descriptive patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen Buka
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xichi Zhang
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Junhi Oh
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John Fulton
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Min Dai
- China National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ni Li
- China National Cancer Center, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kunchong Shi
- Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
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Sudharshan SJ, Tirupathi R, Dyavaiah M. Astaxanthin reduces perfluorooctanoic acid cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:1009-1015. [PMID: 32922741 PMCID: PMC7478099 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFA) has been identified as an environmental contaminant of high concern for human health. In this study, we demonstrated that PFA induces a dose (0 to 1.5 mM) dependent cytotoxicity in S. cerevisiae cells which can be rescued by astaxanthin. The percent sensitivity induced by PFA and the cell protection offered by astaxanthin (30 μM) were demonstrated by CFU counts and spots. The increase in intracellular ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in PFA treated cells suggested that increased oxidative stress resulted in yeast cell death. In contrast, decreased ROS level, increased SOD activity, reduced glutathione and decreased lipid peroxidation by astaxanthin supplementation suggest that the cells are protected from the PFA induced oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity. Reduced chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in astaxanthin pre-treated cells indicate that astaxanthin rescued the cells from PFA induced apoptosis. Our overall results suggest that PFA induces oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in yeast cells, which were rescued by astaxanthin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sudharshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Pondicherry 605014 , India .
| | - Raghavendra Tirupathi
- Keystone Health , Department of Infectious Diseases , 830 , Fifth Avenue , Suite 201 , Chambersburg , Pennsylvania 17201 , USA
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Pondicherry 605014 , India .
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Duan J, Cui J, Zheng H, Xi M, Guo C, Weng Y, Yin Y, Wei G, Cao J, Wang Y, Wen A, Qiao B. Aralia taibaiensis Protects against I/R-Induced Brain Cell Injury through the Akt/SIRT1/FOXO3a Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7609765. [PMID: 31214282 PMCID: PMC6535894 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7609765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponin from Aralia taibaiensis (sAT) showed excellent antioxidative effects in several models; however, its effects on brain cells were unknown to us. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of sAT on ischemia/reperfusion- (I/R-) induced injury and clarify its mechanisms. METHODS In vitro, HT22 cells were pretreated with sAT and then subjected to I/R. Apoptosis rate, mitochondrial function, and antioxidant proteins were measured. To clarify the mechanisms, siRNA were used. In vivo, sAT was pretreated through intragastric administration for 7 days and the I/R model was induced. The neurobehavioral scores, infarction volumes, and some cytokines in the brain were measured. Protein levels were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that sAT treatment significantly protected cells from I/R-induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The antioxidant protein levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Further study revealed that sAT induced the deacetylation and phosphorylation of PGC-1α and FOXO3a. sAT treatment also induced the phosphorylation levels of Akt and the expression levels of SIRT1. Using the specific targeted siRNA transfection, the interplay relationship between Akt, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and FOXO3a was verified. Furthermore, the same protective effects were also observed in rats subjected to I/R. CONCLUSION sAT protected brain cells from I/R-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction through regulating the Akt/SIRT1/FOXO3a/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Duan
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hongnan Zheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Boling Qiao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Chu Z, Guo W, Hu W, Mei J. Delayed elimination of paternal mtDNA in the interspecific hybrid of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Pelteobagrus vachelli during early embryogenesis. Gene 2019; 704:1-7. [PMID: 30970275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homoplasmy is essential for normal development, as its heteroplasmy usually leads to abnormal or diseased phenotypes in mammals. So far, diverse mechanisms have been proposed to play roles in ensuring uniparental inheritance of mitochondria in many organisms. In recent years, hybrid yellow catfish from mating female yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) with male darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) has been widely cultured in China due to its fast-growing. However, a high rate of abnormal and defective embryos was observed in the offsprings of hybrid yellow catfish. In this study, we systematically investigated the elimination process of paternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in yellow catfish and hybrid yellow catfish. The mtDNA contents significantly decreased in the isolated mature sperm compared with the semen. Different from the elimination of paternal mtDNA after fertilization in yellow catfish, paternal mtDNA was retained in the developmental embryos of hybrid yellow catfish as later as gastrula stage, indicating a delay of elimination for paternal mtDNA and mitochondrial heteroplasmy during embryogenesis in hybrid yellow catfish. Altogether, the present study suggests that mitochondrial heteroplasmy may affect embryonic development of hybrid progeny between catfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sun S, Guo H, Wang J, Dai J. Hepatotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and two emerging alternatives based on a 3D spheroid model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:955-962. [PMID: 31159145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) toxicity is of considerable concern due to its wide application, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation. In the current study, we used a scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model of mouse liver cells (AML12) to explore the toxicity of PFOA and emerging alternatives (HFPO-DA and PFO4DA). Comparing the short-term (24 and 72 h treatment) toxicity of PFOA between conventional 2D monolayer cells and 3D spheroids, we found that spheroids had higher EC50 values and lower ROS levels after treatment, indicating their greater resistance to PFOA. Cell viability (i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage) and liver-specific function (i.e., albumin secretion) were stable in spheroids through 28 day of culture. However, under 100 and 200 μM-PFOA treatment for 28 day, ROS levels, LDH leakage, and caspase3/7 activity all increased significantly. As a sensitive parameter, ROS showed a significant increase at 21 day, even in the 50 μM-PFOA group. Consistent with the elevation of ROS and caspase3/7, the expressions of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes, including Gsta2, Nqo1, Ho-1, caspase3, p53, and p21, were induced in dose- and time-dependent manners after PFOA exposure. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway was also activated after treatment, with significant induction of its target genes, Fabp4 and Scd1. Similar to PFOA, both HFPO-DA and PFO4DA activated the PPARα pathway, induced ROS levels, and initiated cell damage, though at a relatively lower extent than that of PFOA. Our results imply that the 3D spheroid model is a valuable tool in chronic toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
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Wang X, Kong B, He B, Wei L, Zhu J, Jin Y, Shan Y, Wang W, Pan C, Fu Z. 8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol causes immunotoxicity and liver injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:141-149. [PMID: 30536526 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH) is widely used in houseware and industrial goods and is ubiquitous in the surrounding environment. 8:2 FTOH has been linked to hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, as well as endocrine-disrupting effects. However, as of yet, the research regarding immunotoxicity of 8:2 FTOH remains largely limited. In the present study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were administered with 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/d 8:2 FTOH by gavage for 28 days to investigate its immunotoxicity in vivo. The results showed that exposure to 8:2 FTOH caused increases in liver weight and histological changes in the liver, including vacuolation, cell swelling, immune cell infiltration, karyopyknosis and nuclear swelling. No histological change in either the spleen or the thymus was observed after administration of 8:2 FTOH. In addition, exposure to 8:2 FTOH reduced the concentration of IL-1β in serum, and mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in both the thymus and spleen. CXCL-1 mRNA expression was downregulated in both the liver and thymus after 8:2 FTOH administration, while only IL-1β mRNA expression was upregulated in the liver. Moreover, the exposure of primary cultured splenocytes to 8:2 FTOH inhibited the ConA-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes at concentrations of 30 and 100 μM, and the LPS-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes at 100 μM. Furthermore, 8:2 FTOH inhibited the level of secreted IFN-γ in ConA-stimulated splenocytes. The results obtained in the study demonstrated that 8:2 FTOH posed potential immunotoxicity and liver injury in mice. Our findings will provide novel data for the health risk assessment of 8:2 FTOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baida Kong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yudong Shan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunqiang Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Zhang J, Wang B, Zhao B, Li Y, Zhao X, Yuan Z. Blueberry anthocyanin alleviate perfluorooctanoic acid-induced toxicity in planarian (Dugesia japonica) by regulating oxidative stress biomarkers, ATP contents, DNA methylation and mRNA expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:957-964. [PMID: 30682752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry anthocyanin (BA) have strong health benefits as an active natural antioxidant and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can result in oxidative stress in animals. In our study, the protective effects of BA against stress induced by PFOA was investigated in the planarian Dugesia japonica using oxidative stress biomarkers, ATP contents, ATPase activity, DNA methylation and mRNA expression. PFOA exposure could resulted in malondialdehyde production. At the same time, treatment with BA decreased the production of malondialdehyde in BA-exposed and co-treatment planarians. PFOA caused activities increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and activities decrease in glutathione reductase (GR). PFOA exposure decreased the GSH and ATP contents. Additionally, it increased the GSSG contents and ATPase activity. BA administration increased the activities of GPx, GST and GR in BA and co-treatment planarians. Meanwhile BA maintained the contents of ATP, ATPase activity, GSH and GSSG by alleviating PFOA toxicity. Moreover, PFOA and BA increased the contents of 5-methylcytosine and decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in all group. In addition, PFOA and BA treated planarians significantly altered the expression of genes associated with above biochemical parameters. The results showed that the mRNA expression of gpx, Djgst, gr, Djnak and dnmt1 were significantly elevated in all groups. Alterations in the mRNA expression levels indicated a stress response to PFOA exposure and anthocyanin protection. These alterations regulated biomarkers of oxidative stress, energy metabolism and DNA methylation levels in planarians. These results indicate that BA attenuated PFOA-induced oxidative stress, energy metabolism, DNA methylation and gene expression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, China.
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33
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Arrebola JP, Ramos JJ, Bartolomé M, Esteban M, Huetos O, Cañas AI, López-Herranz A, Calvo E, Pérez-Gómez B, Castaño A. Associations of multiple exposures to persistent toxic substances with the risk of hyperuricemia and subclinical uric acid levels in BIOAMBIENT.ES study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:512-521. [PMID: 30622076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is becoming a serious public health issue, which is highly influenced by environmental factors, although there is still controversial information on the potential influence of the exposure to Persistent Toxic Substances (PTSs) in the general population. In this study we aimed to assess the association. PTS exposure with uric acid homeostasis in a sample of the Spanish population. Participants were recruited during 2009-2010 in all the main geographical areas of Spain. Exposure to 34 PTSs was estimated by chemical analyses of serum levels of 6 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs, n = 950), 13 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs, n = 453), 6 Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAs, n = 755), 7 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs, n = 365), urinary Cadmium (n = 926), and Lead in whole blood (n = 882). The two study outcomes were defined as the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the study population and uric acid levels, the latter only in individuals with no previous diagnosis of hyperuricemia. Statistical analyses were performed by means of binomial logistic regression and linear regression, and mixture effects were screened using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS). Serum concentrations of γ-HCH, o,p´-DDE, PCB-138, PCB-153, PFOA, and urinary Cadmium were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, while PBDE-153 showed an inverse association with the effect. Furthermore, exposure to Cadmium, PCB-138, and to PCB-153 was positively associated with uric acid levels. Results were consistent after lipid adjustment or standardization. WQS analyses revealed a major contribution of PCB-153 within the PCB mixture on both the risk of hyperuricemia and uric acid levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed by adjusting for dietary habits, fasting glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Overall, we found novel associations between human exposure to mixtures of PTSs and disturbances in uric acid homeostasis. However, we cannot completely rule out potential residual confounding effect or reversed-causality related to the cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Huetos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López-Herranz
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo
- Ibermutuamur, Ramirez de Arellano 27, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Marroqui L, Tudurí E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal Á, Dos Santos RS. Mitochondria as target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: implications for type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:R27-R45. [PMID: 30072426 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, heterogeneous syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or death. Among several environmental factors contributing to type 2 diabetes development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been receiving special attention. These chemicals include a wide variety of pollutants, from components of plastic to pesticides, with the ability to modulate endocrine system function. EDCs can affect multiple cellular processes, including some related to energy production and utilization, leading to alterations in energy homeostasis. Mitochondria are primarily implicated in cellular energy conversion, although they also participate in other processes, such as hormone secretion and apoptosis. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced oxidative capacity, impaired lipid oxidation and increased oxidative stress has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review the main mechanisms whereby metabolism-disrupting chemical (MDC), a subclass of EDCs that disturbs energy homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, thus contributing to the establishment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We conclude that MDC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly characterized by perturbations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and dynamics, excessive reactive oxygen species production and activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, seems to be a relevant mechanism linking MDCs to type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marroqui
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reinaldo Sousa Dos Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Peropadre A, Fernández Freire P, Hazen MJ. A moderate exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid causes persistent DNA damage and senescence in human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Bao WW, Qian ZM, Geiger SD, Liu E, Liu Y, Wang SQ, Lawrence WR, Yang BY, Hu LW, Zeng XW, Dong GH. Gender-specific associations between serum isomers of perfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure among Chinese: Isomers of C8 Health Project in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1304-1312. [PMID: 28738507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of highly persistent chemicals ubiquitous in wildlife and humans, with hypertension, but the relationships are mixed. Furthermore, academic literature on the relationship between isomers of PFASs and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in populations from a higher pollution area is scant. We studied 1612 Chinese adults, ages 22-96years old, from Shenyang, China, utilizing high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFASs in blood serum. We used a mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic BP (SBP) of at least 140mmHg, and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of at least 90mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. The results showed that increased serum concentrations of all (both branched and linear) isomers of PFASs were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios for hypertension per ln-unit (ng/mL) increase in PFASs ranged from 1.10 (95%CI: 1.04, 1.17) for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) to 1.26 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.42) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and the estimated increases in mean SBP and DBP ranged from 0.80mmHg (95%CI: 0.25, 1.34) for PFBA to 4.51mmHg (95%CI: 3.52, 5.51) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and from 0.51mmHg (95%CI: 0.01, 1.01) for perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) to 2.48 (1.80, 3.16) for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. Compared with linear PFASs isomers, we identified more and stronger associations among branched PFASs isomers and blood pressure. Furthermore, females exhibited consistently stronger effects than males. In conclusion, this study is the first of its kind to show that not only PFASs positively associated with elevated blood pressure, but also that branched PFAS isomers are more frequently associated with blood pressure than linear PFAS isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management & Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Yimin Liu
- Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health Effects, Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline of Occupational Health Guardianship, Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Si-Quan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3445, USA
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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37
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Yuan Z, Miao Z, Gong X, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Ma H, Zhang J, Zhao B. Changes on lipid peroxidation,enzymatic activities and gene expression in planarian (Dugesia japonica) following exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:564-568. [PMID: 28800531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced stress response in planarians. We administered different concentrations of PFOA to planarians for up to 10 d. PFOA exposure resulted in significant concentration-dependent elevations in lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferase and caspase-3 protease activities, and a significant decline in glutathione peroxidase activities compared with control groups. Exposure to PFOA significantly up-regulated the heat shock proteins hsp70 and hsp90, and p53, and down-regulated hsp40 compared with controls. PFOA exposure also increased HSP70 protein levels, as demonstrated by western blot analysis. These alterations indicated that PFOA exposure induced a stress response and affected the regulation of oxidative stress, enzymatic activities and gene expression. These results suggest that these sensitive parameters, together with other biomarkers, could be used for evaluating toxicity, for ecological risk assessment of PFOA in freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Zili Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xiaoning Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Baoying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Hongdou Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
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38
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Li K, Sun J, Yang J, Roberts SM, Zhang X, Cui X, Wei S, Ma LQ. Molecular Mechanisms of Perfluorooctanoate-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis in Mice Using Proteomic Techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11380-11389. [PMID: 28885018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) coupled with its wide use cause serious concerns regarding its potential risk to human health. The molecular mechanisms of PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity relevant to human health was investigated using both in vivo (mouse model) and in vitro (human hepatocyte cells, HL-7702) techniques. Both male and female Balb/c mice were administered PFOA at 0.05, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg-d for 28-d, with serum PFOA concentrations after exposure being found at environmentally relevant levels. Liver samples were examined for histology and proteomic change using iTRAQ and Western Blotting, showing dose-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis and peroxisome proliferation. At high doses, genotoxicity resulting from ROS hypergeneration was due to suppression of Complex I subunits in the electron transport chain and activation of PPARα in both genders. However, at 0.05 mg/kg-d, Complex I suppression occurred only in females, making them more sensitive to PFOA-induced apoptosis. In vitro assays using HL-7702 cells confirmed that apoptosis was also induced through a similar mechanism. The dose/gender-dependent toxicity mechanisms help to explain some epidemiological phenomena, i.e., liver cancer is not often associated with PFOA exposure in professional workers. Our results demonstrated that a proteomic approach is a robust tool to explore molecular mechanisms of toxic chemicals at environmentally relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- School of the Medicine, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Stephen M Roberts
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Wang X, Liu L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Du X, Huang Q, Tian M, Shen H. Serum metabolome biomarkers associate low-level environmental perfluorinated compound exposure with oxidative /nitrosative stress in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:168-176. [PMID: 28599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have linked perfluorinated compound (PFC) exposure with metabolic interruption, but the inter-species difference and high treatment doses usually make the results difficult to be extrapolated to humans directly. The best strategy for identifying the metabolic interruption may be to establish the direct correlations between monitored PFCs data and metabolic data on human samples. In this study, serum metabolome data and PFC concentrations were acquired for a Chinese adult male cohort. The most abundant PFCs are PFOA and PFOS with concentration medians 7.56 and 12.78 nM, respectively; in together they count around 81.6% of the total PFCs. PFC concentration-related serum metabolic profile changes and the related metabolic biomarkers were explored by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Respectively taking PFOS, PFOA and total PFC as the classifiers, serum metabolome can be differentiated between the lowest dose group (1st quartile PFCs) and the highest PFC dose group (4th quartile PFCs). Ten potential PFC biomarkers were identified, mainly involving in pollutant detoxification, antioxidation and nitric oxide (NO) signal pathways. These suggested that low-level environmental PFC exposure has significantly adverse impacts on glutathione (GSH) cycle, Krebs cycle, nitric oxide (NO) generation and purine oxidation in humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the association of environmental PFC exposure with human serum metabolome alteration. Given the important biological functions of the identified biomarkers, we suggest that PFC could increase the metabolism syndromes risk including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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40
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Zhao Y, Li G, Qi D, Sun L, Wen C, Yin S. Biomarker responses of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) to soils contaminated with perfluorooctanoic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22073-22081. [PMID: 28791554 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a persistent environmental pollutant. The aim of this study was to assess the potential toxicity of PFOA to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in artificial soil. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured after exposure to 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1 PFOA in soils for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that SOD activity increased at 14 days and decreased from 21 to 28 days; MDA levels were highest in the treatment with 40 mg kg-1 PFOA after 28 days of exposure. In contrast, CAT and POD activities increased after 14-21 days of exposure and significantly decreased with long-term exposure (28 days). GST activity increased significantly from 14 to 28 days. Our results indicate that PFOA has biochemical effects on E. fetida, thereby contributing to our understanding of the ecological toxicity of PFOA on soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Guangde Li
- College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Daqian Qi
- The Fifth Prospecting Team of Shandong Coal Geology Bureau, Taian, 271010, China
| | - Liangqi Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Changlei Wen
- College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Suzhen Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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41
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Liu H, Wang J, Sheng N, Cui R, Pan Y, Dai J. Acot1 is a sensitive indicator for PPARα activation after perfluorooctanoic acid exposure in primary hepatocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Pi N, Ng JZ, Kelly BC. Uptake and elimination kinetics of perfluoroalkyl substances in submerged and free-floating aquatic macrophytes: Results of mesocosm experiments with Echinodorus horemanii and Eichhornia crassipes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 117:167-174. [PMID: 28391121 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the bioaccumulation behavior of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic macrophytes are limited. The present study involved controlled mesocosm experiments to assess uptake and elimination rate constants (ku,ke), bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) of several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in two aquatic plant species, including one submerged species (Echinodorus horemanii) and one free-floating species (Eichhornia crassipes). The results indicated all PFASs were readily accumulated in these aquatic macrophytes. ku and BCFs increased with increasing perfluoroalkyl chain length. For PFCAs and PFSAs with identical perfluoroalkyl chain length, the corresponding PFSA exhibited higher bioaccumulation potential. On a whole-plant basis, the bioaccumulation potential of PFASs in submerged and free-floating macrophytes were comparable, indicating sorption to plant biomass is similar in the different species. Conversely, when considering accumulation in foliage, BCFs in the free-floating macrophyte were substantially lower compared to submerged species, especially for longer-chain PFASs. Compounds with shorter perfluoroalkyl chain length (PFBS, PFPeA and PFHxA) exhibited preferential translocation to leaf tissue (TFs >1). BCFs exhibited a sigmoidal relationship with pefluoroalkyl chain length, membrane-water distribution coefficients (Dmw), protein-water distribution coefficients (Dpw) and organic-water partition coefficients (Koc). For these trends, maximum BCF values were exhibited by long-chain PFCAs, with a log Dmw, log Dpw and log Koc of 6.47, 5.72 and 5.04, respectively. These findings are useful for future design and implementation of phytoremediation systems, as well for future develop of mechanistic models for predicting the environmental fate and distribution of these contaminants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - J Z Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - B C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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43
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Zhao W, Cui R, Wang J, Dai J. Inhibition effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on progesterone production in mLTC-1. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 56:272-280. [PMID: 28571864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of fluorine substituted carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and alcohol, structurally similar to their corresponding parent compounds. Previous study demonstrated the potential endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, two dominant PFASs in animals and humans. We explored the relationship between eleven perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with different carbon chain length and their ability to inhibit progesterone production in mouse Leydig tumor cells (mLTC-1). We found an obvious dose-response relationship between progesterone inhibition rate and PFAA exposure concentration in mLTC-1. The relative inhibition rate of progesterone by PFAAs was linearly related to the carbon chain length and molar refractivity of PFAAs. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreased after PFAA exposure at the half-maximal inhibitory effect concentration (IC50) of progesterone production in mLTC-1, while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content increased significantly. These results imply that the inhibition effect of PFAAs on progesterone production might be due, in part, to ROS damage and the decrease in MMP in mLTC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ruina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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44
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Kim YJ, Hong SM, Park SY, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim SW, Pak YK, Choe W, Chon S. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3871-3878. [PMID: 28440430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental contaminants have been linked to the development of diabetes and increased diabetes‑associated mortality. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widely used perfluoroalkane found in surfactants and lubricants, and in processing aids used in the production of polymers. Furthermore, PFOA has been detected in humans, wildlife and the environment. The present study investigated the toxic effects of PFOA on rat pancreatic β‑cell‑derived RIN‑m5F cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytokine release and mitochondrial parameters, including membrane potential collapse, reduced adenosine triphosphate levels, cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release were assessed. PFOA significantly decreased RIN‑m5F cell viability and increased apoptosis. Exposure to PFOA increased the formation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PFOA induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and reduced adenosine triphosphate levels, cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release. These results indicate that PFOA is associated with the induction of apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells, and induces cytotoxicity via increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yong Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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45
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Rhee SY, Oh S, Woo JT, Kim SW, Kim YS, Pak YK, Chon S. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:281-289. [PMID: 27901621 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a stable organic perfluorinated compound, is an emerging persistent organic pollutant, found widely in human and wildlife populations. Recent evidence suggests that exposure to environmental toxicants can be associated with higher risks of osteoporosis and fractures. We studied the cellular toxicology of PFOA in MC3T3-E1osteoblast cells. To examine the effect of PFOA, we measured cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial parameters including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cardiolipin content, and cytochrome c release in MC3T3-E1 cells. Incubating MC3T3-E1 cells in different concentrations of PFOA for 48 h resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and significant inductions of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide. Moreover, PFOA induced MMP collapse, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release, and decreased ATP levels, which in turn induced apoptosis or necrosis. When osteoblast differentiation markers were assessed, PFOA treatment caused a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in the cells. In summary, we found an ROS- and mitochondria-mediated pathway for the induction of cell damage by PFOA in MC3T3-E1 cells. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial toxicity could be a plausible mechanism for the toxic effects of PFOA on osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- b Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seol Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Chung Hospital , Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- d Department of Physiology , Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Li K, Gao P, Xiang P, Zhang X, Cui X, Ma LQ. Molecular mechanisms of PFOA-induced toxicity in animals and humans: Implications for health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:43-54. [PMID: 27871799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging persistent organic pollutant (POP), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is one of the most abundant perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of PFOA-induced toxicity in animals and humans as well as their implications for health risks in humans. Traditional PFOA-induced signal pathways such as peroxisome proliferating receptor alpha (PPARα), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and pregnane-X receptor (PXR) may not be important for PFOA-induced health effects on humans. Instead, pathways including p53/mitochondrial pathway, nuclear lipid hyperaccumulation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-serine/threonine protein kinase (PI3K-AKT), and tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor κB (TNF-α/NF-κB) may play an important role for PFOA-induced health risks in humans. Both in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to better understand the PFOA-induced toxicity mechanisms as well as the associated health risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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47
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Is there a human health risk associated with indirect exposure to perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs)? Toxicology 2017; 375:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Tsuda S. Differential toxicity between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:SP27-SP36. [PMID: 28003637 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.sp27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental contaminants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are representatives of PFASs. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) set the health advisory level as 70 parts per trillion for lifetime exposure to PFOS and PFOA from drinking water, based on the EPA's 2016 Health Effects Support Documents. Then, a monograph on PFOA was made available online by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, where the agency classified PFOA as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2B). The distinction between PFOS and PFOA, however, may not be easily understood from the above documents. This paper discussed differential toxicity between PFOS and PFOA focusing on neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity, mainly based on these documents. The conclusions are as follows: Further mechanistic studies may be necessary for ultrasonic-induced PFOS-specific neurotoxicity. To support the hypothesis for PFOS-specific neonatal death that PFOS interacts directly with components of natural lung surfactant, in vivo studies to relate the physicochemical effects to lung collapse may be required. PFOA-induced DNA damage secondary to oxidative stress may develop to mutagenicity under the condition where PFOA-induced apoptosis is not sufficient to remove the damaged cells. A study to find whether PFOA induces apoptosis in normal human cells may contribute to assessment of human carcinogenicity. Studies for new targets such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) may help clarify the underlying mechanism for PFOA-induced carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Tsuda
- Iwate Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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49
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Zhang H, Cui R, Guo X, Hu J, Dai J. Low dose perfluorooctanoate exposure promotes cell proliferation in a human non-tumor liver cell line. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:18-28. [PMID: 27045622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is a well-known persistent organic pollutant widely found in the environment, wildlife and humans. Medical surveillance and experimental studies have investigated the potential effects of PFOA on human livers, but the hepatotoxicity of PFOA on humans and its underlying mechanism remain to be clarified. We exposed a human liver cell line (HL-7702) to 50μM PFOA for 48h and 96h, and identified 111 significantly differentially expressed proteins by iTRAQ analysis. A total of 46 proteins were related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Through further analysis of the cell cycle, apoptosis and their related proteins, we found that low doses of PFOA (50-100μM) promoted cell proliferation and numbers by promoting cells from the G1 to S phases, whereas high doses of PFOA (200-400μM) led to reduced HL-7702 cell numbers compared with that of the control mainly due to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the promotion of cell cycle progression in human cells following PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ruina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jiayue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Marasco V, Costantini D. Signaling in a Polluted World: Oxidative Stress as an Overlooked Mechanism Linking Contaminants to Animal Communication. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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