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Oladejo M, Tijani AO, Puri A, Chablani L. Adjuvants in cutaneous vaccination: A comprehensive analysis. J Control Release 2024; 369:475-492. [PMID: 38569943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier from physical, thermal, and mechanical environmental challenges. Alongside, the skin hosts key immune system players, such as the professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like the Langerhans cells in the epidermis and circulating macrophages in the blood. Further, the literature supports that the APCs can be activated by antigen or vaccine delivery via multiple routes of administration through the skin. Once activated, the stimulated APCs drain to the associated lymph nodes and gain access to the lymphatic system. This further allows the APCs to engage with the adaptive immune system and activate cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, vaccine delivery via skin offers advantages such as reliable antigen delivery, superior immunogenicity, and convenient delivery. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of vaccine delivery using various routes of administration via skin. However, such vaccines often employ adjuvant/(s), along with the antigen of interest. Adjuvants augment the immune response to a vaccine antigen and improve the therapeutic efficacy. Due to these reasons, adjuvants have been successfully used with infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-mediated diseases. To capture these developments, this review will summarize preclinical and clinical study results of vaccine delivery via skin in the presence of adjuvants. A focused discussion regarding the FDA-approved adjuvants will address the experiences of using such adjuvant-containing vaccines. In addition, the challenges and regulatory concerns with these adjuvants will be discussed. Finally, the review will share the prospects of adjuvant-containing vaccines delivered via skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
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2
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Del Moral-Sánchez I, Wee EG, Xian Y, Lee WH, Allen JD, Torrents de la Peña A, Fróes Rocha R, Ferguson J, León AN, Koekkoek S, Schermer EE, Burger JA, Kumar S, Zwolsman R, Brinkkemper M, Aartse A, Eggink D, Han J, Yuan M, Crispin M, Ozorowski G, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Hanke T, Sliepen K, Sanders RW. Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:74. [PMID: 38582771 PMCID: PMC10998906 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant native-like HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers are used in candidate vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies. While state-of-the-art SOSIP or single-chain Env designs can be expressed as native-like trimers, undesired monomers, dimers and malformed trimers that elicit non-neutralizing antibodies are also formed, implying that these designs could benefit from further modifications for gene-based vaccination approaches. Here, we describe the triple tandem trimer (TTT) design, in which three Env protomers are genetically linked in a single open reading frame and express as native-like trimers. Viral vectored Env TTT induced similar neutralization titers but with a higher proportion of trimer-specific responses. The TTT design was also applied to generate influenza hemagglutinin (HA) trimers without the need for trimerization domains. Additionally, we used TTT to generate well-folded chimeric Env and HA trimers that harbor protomers from three different strains. In summary, the TTT design is a useful platform for the design of HIV-1 Env and influenza HA immunogens for a multitude of vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Del Moral-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Edmund G Wee
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuejiao Xian
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alba Torrents de la Peña
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Fróes Rocha
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - André N León
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sylvie Koekkoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Edith E Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robby Zwolsman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mitch Brinkkemper
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aafke Aartse
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julianna Han
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Dias Assis BR, Gomes IP, de Castro JT, Rivelli GG, de Castro NS, Gomez-Mendoza DP, Bagno FF, Hojo-Souza NS, Chaves Maia AL, Lages EB, da Fonseca FG, Ribeiro Teixeira SM, Fernandes AP, Gazzinelli RT, Castro Goulart GA. Quality attributes of CTVad1, a nanoemulsified adjuvant for phase I clinical trial of SpiN COVID-19 vaccine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1175-1194. [PMID: 37712604 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop, characterize and evaluate an oil/water nanoemulsion with squalene (CTVad1) to be approved as an adjuvant for the SpiN COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Materials & methods: Critical process parameters (CPPs) of CTVad1 were standardized to meet the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of an adjuvant for human use. CTVad1 and the SpiN-CTVad1 vaccine were submitted to physicochemical, stability, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results & conclusion: All CQAs were met in the CTVad1 production process. SpiN- CTVad1 met CQAs and induced high levels of antibodies and specific cellular responses in in vivo studies. These results represented a critical step in the process developed to meet regulatory requirements for the SpiN COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rodrigues Dias Assis
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pereira Gomes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Graziella Gomes Rivelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Natália Salazar de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Diana Paola Gomez-Mendoza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fonseca Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Chaves Maia
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Burgarelli Lages
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimaraes da Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gisele Assis Castro Goulart
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
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4
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Spires B, Brewton A, Maples JM, Ehrlich SF, Fortner KB. Vaccine Hesitancy in Women's Health. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2023; 50:401-419. [PMID: 37149319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines is considered one of the greatest breakthroughs of modern medicine, saving millions of lives around the world each year. Despite vaccines' proven success, vaccine hesitancy remains a major issue affecting vaccine uptake. Common themes exist in patients' apprehension to receive vaccines. Women's health providers possess an important role in addressing these concerns and dispelling common misconceptions that may increase vaccine hesitancy thereby reduce vaccine uptake. This review aims to explore many of these topics as they are related to women's health and provide strategies for providers to implement which may reduce vaccine hesitancy among our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spires
- Department of Ob/Gyn, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 307 Boatner Road, Eglin Air Force Base, FL 32542, USA
| | - Annabeth Brewton
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box U-27, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Jill M Maples
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box U-27, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Samantha F Ehrlich
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, 369 HPER, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kimberly B Fortner
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box U-27, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
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5
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Shi J, Zhao Y, Peng M, Zhu S, Wu Y, Ji R, Shen C. Screening of Efficient Adjuvants for the RBD-Based Subunit Vaccine of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040713. [PMID: 37112625 PMCID: PMC10147067 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more transmissible, with a reduced sensitivity to vaccines targeting the original virus strain. Therefore, developing an effective vaccine against both the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its variants is an urgent need. It is known that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an important vaccine target, but subunit vaccines usually have lower immunogenicity and efficacy. Thus, selecting appropriate adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of protein-based subunit vaccine antigens is necessary. Here, an RBD-Fc subunit vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 has been generated, followed by vaccination in B6 mice, and four adjuvant regimens were investigated, including aluminum salts (Alum) + 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), AddaVax, QS21 + MPL, and Imiquimod. The adjuvant potency was evaluated by comparing the elicited polyclonal antibodies titers with measuring binding to RBD and S protein in ELISA and Western blot analysis, and also the cross-neutralizing antibodies titers using a pseudovirus infection assay of hACE2-expressing 293T cells, with pseudoviruses expressing the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 original strain and Delta strain. The presence of QS21 + MPL adjuvant induced stronger polyclonal antibody response and neutralization potency blocking the original strain and Delta strain, as compared with the non-adjuvant RBD-Fc group and other adjuvant groups. Meanwhile, Imiquimod even had a negative effect in inducing specific antibodies and cross-neutralizing antibody production as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Suyue Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yandan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixue Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chuanlai Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Hendy DA, Haven A, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Preclinical developments in the delivery of protein antigens for vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:367-384. [PMID: 36731824 PMCID: PMC9992317 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2176844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine technology has constantly advanced since its origin. One of these advancements is where purified parts of a pathogen are used rather than the whole pathogen. Subunit vaccines have no chance of causing disease; however, alone these antigens are often poorly immunogenic. Therefore, they can be paired with immune stimulating adjuvants. Further, subunits can be combined with delivery strategies such as nano/microparticles to enrich their delivery to organs and cells of interest as well as protect them from in vivo degradation. Here, we seek to highlight some of the more promising delivery strategies for protein antigens. AREAS COVERED We present a brief description of the different types of vaccines, clinically relevant examples, and their disadvantages when compared to subunit vaccines. Also, specific preclinical examples of delivery strategies for protein antigens. EXPERT OPINION Subunit vaccines provide optimal safety given that they have no risk of causing disease; however, they are often not immunogenic enough on their own to provide protection. Advanced delivery systems are a promising avenue to increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, but scalability and stability can be improved. Further, more research is warranted on systems that promote a mucosal immune response to provide better protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alex Haven
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Kawamura H, Yoshino N, Murakami K, Kawamura H, Sugiyama I, Sasaki Y, Odagiri T, Sadzuka Y, Muraki Y. The relationship between the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and mucosal adjuvanticity of sugar-based surfactants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 182:1-11. [PMID: 36455784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and mucosal adjuvanticity of sugar-based surfactants (SBSs) has not been sufficiently elucidated. Thus, in the present study, we systematically analyzed 11 SBSs for mucosal adjuvanticity. Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific antibody titers were measured in mice immunized intranasally with OVA plus SBS. We found that four SBSs (trehalose monododecanoate, sucrose monododecanoate, n-dodecyl-α-d-maltopyranoside, and n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside) exhibited the most potent adjuvanticity. We identified the following associations between chemical structure and adjuvanticity: 1) OVA-specific antibody titer increased with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; 2) the adjuvanticity was not affected by the type of sugar or bond between the sugar and alkyl chain; and 3) SBSs with rigid structures exhibited less adjuvanticity. The relationship between physicochemical properties and adjuvanticity was as follows: 1) SBSs exhibited adjuvanticity above the critical micelle concentration and 2) in the SBSs with potent adjuvanticity, the diameter of the SBS-OVA complex was 70-75 nm. Our study indicates evidence for the direct involvement of chemical structure and physicochemical properties in determining adjuvanticity in SBSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Kawamura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Murakami
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawamura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ikumi Sugiyama
- Division of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sadzuka
- Division of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yasushi Muraki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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8
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Li L, Gao M, Li J, Xie X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Xu X, Zu S, Chen C, Wan D, Duan J, Wang J, Aliyari SR, Gold S, Zhang J, Qin CF, Shi PY, Yang H, Cheng G. Identification of an immunogenic epitope and protective antibody against the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104401. [PMID: 36508877 PMCID: PMC9732504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) "PRRA" insertion in the spike (S) protein that creates a transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/furin cleavage site and enhances viral infectivity. More research into immunogenic epitopes and protective antibodies against this SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site is needed. METHODS Combining computational and experimental methods, we identified and characterized an immunogenic epitope overlapping the furin cleavage site that detects antibodies in COVID-19 patients and elicits strong antibody responses in immunized mice. We also identified a high-affinity monoclonal antibody from COVID-19 patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the antibody directly binds the furin cleavage site and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model. FINDINGS The presence of "PRRA" amino acids in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 not only creates a furin cleavage site but also generates an immunogenic epitope that elicits an antibody response in COVID-19 patients. An antibody against this epitope protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. INTERPRETATION The immunogenic epitope and protective antibody we have identified may augment our strategy in handling COVID-19 epidemic. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102371, 91542201, 81925025, 82073181, and 81802870), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2021-I2M-1-047 and 2022-I2M-2-004), the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-PT310-006, 2019XK310002, and 2018TX31001), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFC0841700), US National Institute of Health (NIH) funds grant AI158154, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) AI and Charity Treks, and UCLA DGSOM BSCRC COVID-19 Award Program. H.Y. is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211554 andBE2022728).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiling Gao
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuping Xie
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shulong Zu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Dingyi Wan
- AtaGenix Laboratories (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Duan
- AtaGenix Laboratories (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saba R. Aliyari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gold
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Heng Yang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author.
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9
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Cohen KW, Tian Y, Thayer C, Seese A, Amezquita R, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Gottardo R. Th2-Biased Transcriptional Profile Predicts HIV Envelope-Specific Polyfunctional CD4 + T Cells That Correlated with Reduced Risk of Infection in RV144 Trial. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:526-534. [PMID: 35803696 PMCID: PMC9476163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ag-specific T cells play a critical role in responding to viral infections. In the RV144 HIV vaccine clinical trial, a rare subset of HIV-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells correlated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection. Polyfunctional T cells are a subset of Ag-specific T cells that are able to simultaneously produce multiple effector cytokines. Little is known about what differentiates polyfunctional T cells from other vaccine-elicited T cells in humans. Therefore, we developed a novel live-cell multiplexed cytokine capture assay to identify, isolate, and transcriptionally profile vaccine-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. We applied these methods to samples from subjects who received the RV144 vaccine regimen, as part of the HVTN 097 clinical trial. We identified two surface receptors (CD44 and CD82) upregulated on polyfunctional T cells and a Th2-biased transcriptional signature (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) that predicted the envelope-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell profiles that had correlated with reduced risk of HIV infection in RV144. By linking single-cell transcriptional and functional profiles, we may be able to further define the potential contributions of polyfunctional T cells to effective vaccine-elicited immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Casey Thayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Amezquita
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; and
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
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10
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Lee W, Suresh M. Vaccine adjuvants to engage the cross-presentation pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940047. [PMID: 35979365 PMCID: PMC9376467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines for stimulating optimal immune responses to non-replicating, inactivated and subunit antigens. Eliciting balanced humoral and T cell-mediated immunity is paramount to defend against diseases caused by complex intracellular pathogens, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS. However, currently used vaccines elicit strong antibody responses, but poorly stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To elicit potent CTL memory, vaccines need to engage the cross-presentation pathway, and this requirement has been a crucial bottleneck in the development of subunit vaccines that engender effective T cell immunity. In this review, we focus on recent insights into DC cross-presentation and the extent to which clinically relevant vaccine adjuvants, such as aluminum-based nanoparticles, water-in oil emulsion (MF59) adjuvants, saponin-based adjuvants, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands modulate DC cross-presentation efficiency. Further, we discuss the feasibility of using carbomer-based adjuvants as next generation of adjuvant platforms to elicit balanced antibody- and T-cell based immunity. Understanding of the molecular mechanism of DC cross-presentation and the mode of action of adjuvants will pave the way for rational design of vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer that require balanced antibody- and T cell-based immunity.
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11
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Mazumder S, Swank V, Dvorina N, Johnson JM, Tuohy VK. Formulation of an ovarian cancer vaccine with the squalene-based AddaVax adjuvant inhibits the growth of murine epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:163-172. [PMID: 35799868 PMCID: PMC9200654 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal of all human gynecologic malignancies. We previously reported that vaccination of female mice with the extracellular domain of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II (AMHR2-ED) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) generates AMHR2-ED specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) that provides prevention and therapy against murine EOCs. Although CFA is the “gold standard” adjuvant in animal studies, it is not approved for human use because it often induces painful granulomas and abscesses. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify an alternative adjuvant to CFA for use in our ovarian cancer vaccine clinical trials. Materials and Methods Because it has been used successfully without serious adverse effects in numerous human clinical trials, we selected the IgG-inducing squalene-based adjuvant, AddaVax™, for evaluation of its ability to facilitate vaccine-induced prevention and treatment of EOC in mice. To this end, we immunized female C57BL/6 mice with recombinant mouse AMHR2-ED emulsified with either AddaVax or CFA as adjuvant and compared the results. Results We found that formulation of the AMHR2-ED vaccine with AddaVax adjuvant induced high serum titers of IgG and significant inhibition of EOC growth with significantly enhanced overall survival of mice using both prevention and therapeutic protocols. These results were compared favorably with results obtained using CFA as an adjuvant in the AMHR2-ED vaccine. Conclusion Our data indicate that the AMHR2-ED vaccine formulated with AddaVax may be used in human clinical trials and thereby serve as a novel and effective way to control human EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Mazumder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie Swank
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin M Johnson
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent K Tuohy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Low-Dose SARS-CoV-2 S-Trimer with an Emulsion Adjuvant Induced Th1-Biased Protective Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094902. [PMID: 35563292 PMCID: PMC9101745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During the sustained COVID-19 pandemic, global mass vaccination to achieve herd immunity can prevent further viral spread and mutation. A protein subunit vaccine that is safe, effective, stable, has few storage restrictions, and involves a liable manufacturing process would be advantageous to distribute around the world. Here, we designed and produced a recombinant spike (S)-Trimer that is maintained in a prefusion state and exhibits a high ACE2 binding affinity. Rodents received different doses of S-Trimer (0.5, 5, or 20 μg) antigen formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) or an emulsion-type adjuvant (SWE), or no adjuvant. After two vaccinations, the antibody response, T-cell responses, and number of follicular helper T-cells (Tfh) or germinal center (GC) B cells were assessed in mice; the protective efficacy was evaluated on a Syrian hamster infection model. The mouse studies demonstrated that adjuvating the S-Trimer with SWE induced a potent humoral immune response and Th1-biased cellular immune responses (in low dose) that were superior to those induced by Alum. In the Syrian hamster studies, when S-Trimer was adjuvanted with SWE, higher levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced against live SARS-CoV-2 from the original lineage and against the emergence of variants (Beta or Delta) with a slightly decreased potency. In addition, the SWE adjuvant demonstrated a dose-sparing effect; thus, a lower dose of S-Trimer as an antigen (0.5 μg) can induce comparable antisera and provide complete protection from viral infection. These data support the utility of SWE as an adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of the S-Trimer vaccine, which is feasible for further clinical testing.
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13
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Panasiuk M, Zimmer K, Czarnota A, Narajczyk M, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Chraniuk M, Hovhannisyan L, Żołędowska S, Nidzworski D, Żaczek AJ, Gromadzka B. Chimeric virus-like particles presenting tumour-associated MUC1 epitope result in high titers of specific IgG antibodies in the presence of squalene oil-in-water adjuvant: towards safe cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:160. [PMID: 35351156 PMCID: PMC8961490 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful treatment approach for several types of cancers. Modulating the immune system to specifically target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, is a very promising approach for safer therapies and increased survival of cancer patients. Tumour-associated antigens are favorable targets for cancer immunotherapy, as they are exclusively expressed by the cancer cells, minimizing the risk of an autoimmune reaction. The ability to initiate the activation of the immune system can be achieved by virus-like particles (VLPs) which are safe and potent delivery tools. VLP‐based vaccines have evolved dramatically over the last few decades and showed great potential in preventing infectious diseases. Immunogenic potency of engineered VLPs as a platform for the development of effective therapeutic cancer vaccines has been studied extensively. This study involves recombinant VLPs presenting multiple copies of tumour-specific mucin 1 (MUC1) epitope as a potentially powerful tool for future immunotherapy. Results In this report VLPs based on the structural protein of Norovirus (NoV VP1) were genetically modified to present multiple copies of tumour-specific MUC1 epitope on their surface. Chimeric MUC1 particles were produced in the eukaryotic Leishmania tarentolae expression system and used in combination with squalene oil-in-water emulsion MF59 adjuvant to immunize BALB/c mice. Sera from vaccinated mice demonstrated high titers of IgG and IgM antibodies which were specifically recognizing MUC1 antigen. Conclusions The obtained results show that immunization with recombinant chimeric NoV VP1- MUC1 VLPs result in high titers of MUC1 specific IgG antibodies and show great therapeutic potential as a platform to present tumour-associated antigens. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Panasiuk
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.,NanoExpo Sp. z o.o., Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Anna Czarnota
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Peszyńska-Sularz
- Tri-City Central Animal Laboratory Research and Service Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Milena Chraniuk
- Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lilit Hovhannisyan
- Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sabina Żołędowska
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Nidzworski
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna J Żaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Gromadzka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland. .,NanoExpo Sp. z o.o., Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kampinoska 25, 80-180, Gdańsk, Poland.
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14
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Gale EC, Powell AE, Roth GA, Meany EL, Yan J, Ou BS, Grosskopf AK, Adamska J, Picece VCTM, d'Aquino AI, Pulendran B, Kim PS, Appel EA. Hydrogel-Based Slow Release of a Receptor-Binding Domain Subunit Vaccine Elicits Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104362. [PMID: 34651342 PMCID: PMC8646307 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines that can be rapidly manufactured and distributed worldwide is necessary to mitigate the devastating health and economic impacts of pandemics like COVID-19. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which mediates host cell entry of the virus, is an appealing antigen for subunit vaccines because it is efficient to manufacture, highly stable, and a target for neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, RBD is poorly immunogenic. While most subunit vaccines are commonly formulated with adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity, clinically-relevant adjuvants Alum, AddaVax, and CpG/Alum are found unable to elicit neutralizing responses following a prime-boost immunization. Here, it has been shown that sustained delivery of an RBD subunit vaccine comprising CpG/Alum adjuvant in an injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel elicited potent anti-RBD and anti-spike antibody titers, providing broader protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern compared to bolus administration of the same vaccine and vaccines comprising other clinically-relevant adjuvant systems. Notably, a SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped lentivirus neutralization assay revealed that hydrogel-based vaccines elicited potent neutralizing responses when bolus vaccines did not. Together, these results suggest that slow delivery of RBD subunit vaccines with PNP hydrogels can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of RBD and induce neutralizing humoral immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- CpG Islands/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrogels/chemistry
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Polymers/chemistry
- Protein Domains/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Gale
- Department of BiochemistryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department of BiochemistryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Stanford ChEM‐HStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Gillie A. Roth
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Emily L. Meany
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ben S. Ou
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | | | - Julia Adamska
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, & InfectionStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Vittoria C. T. M. Picece
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Andrea I. d'Aquino
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Stanford ChEM‐HStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, & InfectionStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94306USA
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Department of BiochemistryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Stanford ChEM‐HStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoCA94158USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Stanford ChEM‐HStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, & InfectionStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of Pediatrics–EndocrinologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
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15
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Nian X, Zhang J, Deng T, Liu J, Gong Z, Lv C, Yao L, Li J, Huang S, Yang X. AddaVax Formulated with PolyI:C as a Potential Adjuvant of MDCK-based Influenza Vaccine Enhances Local, Cellular, and Antibody Protective Immune Response in Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:270. [PMID: 34766215 PMCID: PMC8584644 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor immune responses to inactivated influenza vaccine can be improved by effective and safe adjuvants to increase antibody titers and cellular protective response. In our study, AddaVax and PolyI:C combined adjuvant (AP adjuvant) were used for influenza vaccine development. After immunizing BALB/c mice and Wistar rats intramuscularly, Split inactivated H3N2 vaccine adjuvanted with AP elicited higher serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies and IgG titers. We demonstrated that AP induced a transient innate immune cytokines production at the injection site, induced H3N2 uptake by DCs, increased recruitment of monocytes and DCs in LNs, and promoted H3N2 vaccine migration; AP facilitated vaccines to induce a vigorous adaptive immune response. Besides, AP showed good safety as shown by lymph nodes (LNs) size, spleens index of BALB/c mice, and weight changes and C-reaction protein level of BALB/c mice and Wistar rats after repeated administration of high-dose vaccine with or without adjuvant. These findings indicate that AP is a potential novel adjuvant and can be used as a safe and effective adjuvant for MDCK-based influenza inactivated vaccine to induce cellular and antibody protective response.
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16
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Bidram M, Zhao Y, Shebardina NG, Baldin AV, Bazhin AV, Ganjalikhany MR, Zamyatnin AA, Ganjalikhani-hakemi M. mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines: A Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Melanoma Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1060. [PMID: 34696168 PMCID: PMC8540049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and the leading cause of death from skin tumors. Given the increased incidence of melanoma diagnoses in recent years, it is essential to develop effective treatments to control this disease. In this regard, the use of cancer vaccines to enhance cell-mediated immunity is considered to be one of the most modern immunotherapy options for cancer treatment. The most recent cancer vaccine options are mRNA vaccines, with a focus on their usage as modern treatments. Advantages of mRNA cancer vaccines include their rapid production and low manufacturing costs. mRNA-based vaccines are also able to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition to the many advantages of mRNA vaccines for the treatment of cancer, their use is associated with a number of challenges. For this reason, before mRNA vaccines can be used for the treatment of cancer, comprehensive information about them is required and a large number of trials need to be conducted. Here, we reviewed the general features of mRNA vaccines, including their basis, stabilization, and delivery methods. We also covered clinical trials involving the use of mRNA vaccines in melanoma cancer and the challenges involved with this type of treatment. This review also emphasized the combination of treatment with mRNA vaccines with the use of immune-checkpoint blockers to enhance cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bidram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran; (M.B.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (Y.Z.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Natalia G. Shebardina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Baldin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (Y.Z.); (A.V.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamad Reza Ganjalikhany
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran; (M.B.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
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17
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Sircy LM, Harrison-Chau M, Novis CL, Baessler A, Nguyen J, Hale JS. Protein Immunization Induces Memory CD4 + T Cells That Lack Th Lineage Commitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1388-1400. [PMID: 34380649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute viral infection generates lineage-committed Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) memory cells that recall their lineage-specific functions following secondary challenge with virus. However, the lineage commitment of effector and memory Th cells in vivo following protein vaccination is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed effector and memory CD4+ T cell differentiation in mice (Mus musculus) following adjuvanted glycoprotein immunization compared with acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Glycoprotein immunization induced CXCR5- non-Tfh effector and memory CD4+ T cells that surprisingly had not undergone polarization toward any particular Th cell lineage but had undergone memory differentiation. However, upon challenge with virus, these Th lineage-nonpolarized memory CD4+ T cells were able to generate Th1 secondary effector cells, demonstrating their lineage plasticity. In addition, Tfh and memory Tfh cells were generated in response to protein immunization, and these cells differed from infection-induced Tfh cells by their lack of the transcription factor Tbet. Rechallenge experiments demonstrated that viral infection, but not protein immunization, during either the primary or secondary immune response, restricts the recall of Bcl6 expression and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells. Together, these data demonstrate that protein immunization generates a combination of nonpolarized memory cells that are highly plastic and memory Tfh cells that can undergo further Th1-like modulation during a secondary response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Sircy
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Andrew Baessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jacklyn Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - J Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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18
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Chauveau L, Bridgeman A, Tan TK, Beveridge R, Frost JN, Rijal P, Pedroza‐Pacheco I, Partridge T, Gilbert‐Jaramillo J, Knight ML, Liu X, Russell RA, Borrow P, Drakesmith H, Townsend AR, Rehwinkel J. Inclusion of cGAMP within virus-like particle vaccines enhances their immunogenicity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52447. [PMID: 34142428 PMCID: PMC8339669 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is an immunostimulatory molecule produced by cGAS that activates STING. cGAMP is an adjuvant when administered alongside antigens. cGAMP is also incorporated into enveloped virus particles during budding. Here, we investigate whether inclusion of cGAMP within viral vaccine vectors enhances their immunogenicity. We immunise mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) containing HIV-1 Gag and the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G (VSV-G). cGAMP loading of VLPs augments CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. It also increases VLP- and VSV-G-specific antibody titres in a STING-dependent manner and enhances virus neutralisation, accompanied by increased numbers of T follicular helper cells. Vaccination with cGAMP-loaded VLPs containing haemagglutinin induces high titres of influenza A virus neutralising antibodies and confers protection upon virus challenge. This requires cGAMP inclusion within VLPs and is achieved at markedly reduced cGAMP doses. Similarly, cGAMP loading of VLPs containing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein enhances Spike-specific antibody titres. cGAMP-loaded VLPs are thus an attractive platform for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Chauveau
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Present address:
Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM)CNRS UMR 9004MontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Bridgeman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tiong K Tan
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ryan Beveridge
- MRC Molecular Hematology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Virus Screening FacilityMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Joe N Frost
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Thomas Partridge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Javier Gilbert‐Jaramillo
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael L Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Xu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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19
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Gale EC, Powell AE, Roth GA, Ou BS, Meany EL, Grosskopf AK, Adamska J, Picece VCTM, d'Aquino AI, Pulendran B, Kim PS, Appel E. Hydrogel-based slow release of a receptor-binding domain subunit vaccine elicits neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33821276 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.31.437792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines that can be rapidly manufactured and distributed worldwide is necessary to mitigate the devastating health and economic impacts of pandemics like COVID-19. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which mediates host cell entry of the virus, is an appealing antigen for subunit vaccines because it is efficient to manufacture, highly stable, and a target for neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, RBD is poorly immunogenic. While most subunit vaccines are commonly formulated with adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity, we found that clinically-relevant adjuvants Alum, AddaVax, and CpG/Alum were unable to elicit neutralizing responses following a prime-boost immunization. Here we show that sustained delivery of an RBD/CpG/Alum subunit vaccine in an injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel depot increased total anti-RBD antibody titers and elicited potent anti-spike titers, providing broader protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern compared to bolus administration of the same vaccine and vaccines comprising other clinically-relevant adjuvant systems. Notably, a SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped lentivirus neutralization assay revealed that hydrogel-based vaccines elicited potent neutralizing responses when bolus vaccines did not. Together, these results suggest that slow delivery of RBD subunit vaccines with PNP hydrogels can significantly enhance the immunogenicity of RBD and induce neutralizing humoral immunity.
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20
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Oliveira-Maciel D, dos-Santos JS, Oliveira-Silva G, de Mello MF, da Fonseca-Martins AM, Carneiro MPD, Ramos TD, Firmino-Cruz L, Gomes DCO, Rossi-Bergmann B, de Matos Guedes HL. MPLA and AddaVax ® Adjuvants Fail to Promote Intramuscular LaAg Vaccine Protectiveness against Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061272. [PMID: 34207948 PMCID: PMC8230739 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is so far no vaccine approved for human leishmaniasis, mainly because of the lack of appropriate adjuvants. This study aimed to evaluate in mice the capacity of a mixture of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and AddaVax® adjuvants in enhancing the efficacy of a Leishvacin®-like vaccine comprised of Leishmania amazonensis whole antigens (LaAg). For that, mice were immunized with LaAg plus MPLA/AddaVax® by the intramuscular route (i.m.) prior to challenge with 2 × 105 and 2 × 106 living parasites. Immunization with LaAg alone reduced the lesion growth of the 2 × 105-challenged mice only in the peak of infection, but that was not accompanied by reduced parasite load, and thus not considered protective. Mice given a 2 × 106 -challenge were not protected by LaAg. The association of LaAg with MPLA/AddaVax® was able to enhance the cutaneous hypersensitivity response compared with LaAg alone. Despite this, there was no difference in proliferative cell response to antigen ex vivo. Moreover, regardless of the parasite challenge, association of LaAg with MPL/AddaVax® did not significantly enhance protection in comparison with LaAg alone. This work demonstrated that MPL/AddaVax® is not effective in improving the efficacy of i.m. LaAg vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Oliveira-Maciel
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Júlio Souza dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Oliveira-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Mirian França de Mello
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca-Martins
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Monique Pacheco Duarte Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Tadeu Diniz Ramos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas/Núcleo de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.O.-M.); (J.S.d.-S.); (G.O.-S.); (A.M.d.F.-M.); (M.P.D.C.); (T.D.R.); (L.F.-C.); (B.R.-B.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- Correspondence: or or ; Tel.: +55-213-98-6571; Fax: +55-212-280-8193
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21
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Scarpini S, Morigi F, Betti L, Dondi A, Biagi C, Lanari M. Development of a Vaccine against Human Cytomegalovirus: Advances, Barriers, and Implications for the Clinical Practice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:551. [PMID: 34070277 PMCID: PMC8225126 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is one of the most common causes of congenital infection in the post-rubella era, representing a major public health concern. Although most cases are asymptomatic in the neonatal period, congenital CMV (cCMV) disease can result in permanent impairment of cognitive development and represents the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss. Moreover, even if hCMV mostly causes asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections in immunocompetent hosts, it may lead to severe and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. Since immunity reduces the severity of disease, in the last years, the development of an effective and safe hCMV vaccine has been of great interest to pharmacologic researchers. Both hCMV live vaccines-e.g., live-attenuated, chimeric, viral-based-and non-living ones-subunit, RNA-based, virus-like particles, plasmid-based DNA-have been investigated. Encouraging data are emerging from clinical trials, but a hCMV vaccine has not been licensed yet. Major difficulties in the development of a satisfactory vaccine include hCMV's capacity to evade the immune response, unclear immune correlates for protection, low number of available animal models, and insufficient general awareness. Moreover, there is a need to determine which may be the best target populations for vaccine administration. The aim of the present paper is to examine the status of hCMV vaccines undergoing clinical trials and understand barriers limiting their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scarpini
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (F.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Morigi
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (F.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Ludovica Betti
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (F.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Carlotta Biagi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.L.)
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22
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Kim YH, Hong KJ, Kim H, Nam JH. Influenza vaccines: Past, present, and future. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2243. [PMID: 33949021 PMCID: PMC8209895 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, infection by seasonal influenza viruses causes 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000-650,000 respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza vaccines, including inactivated split- and subunit-type, recombinant and live attenuated vaccines, have been developed since the 1930s when it was discovered that influenza viruses could be cultivated in embryonated eggs. However, the protection rate offered by these vaccines is rather low, especially in very young children and the elderly. In this review, we describe the history of influenza vaccine development, the immune responses induced by the vaccines and the adjuvants applied. Further, we suggest future directions for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines in all age groups. This includes the development of an influenza vaccine that induces a balanced T helper cell type 1 and type 2 immune responses based on the understanding of the immune system, and the development of a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine that can increase effectiveness despite antigen shifts and drifts, which are characteristics of the influenza virus. A brighter future can be envisaged if the development of an adjuvant that is safe and effective is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jong Hong
- UIC Foundation, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Immunofocusing humoral immunity potentiates the functional efficacy of the AnAPN1 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine antigen. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 33824336 PMCID: PMC8024329 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) prevent the completion of the developmental lifecycle of malarial parasites within the mosquito vector, effectively blocking subsequent infections. The mosquito midgut protein Anopheline alanyl aminopeptidase N (AnAPN1) is the leading, mosquito-based TBV antigen. Structure-function studies identified two Class II epitopes that can induce potent transmission-blocking (T-B) antibodies, informing the design of the next-generation AnAPN1. Here, we functionally screened new immunogens and down-selected to the UF6b construct that has two glycine-linked copies of the T-B epitopes. We then established a process for manufacturing UF6b and evaluated in outbred female CD1 mice the immunogenicity of the preclinical product with the human-safe adjuvant Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant in a liposomal formulation with saponin QS21 (GLA-LSQ). UF6b:GLA-LSQ effectively immunofocused the humoral response to one of the key T-B epitopes resulting in potent T-B activity, underscoring UF6b as a prime TBV candidate to aid in malaria elimination and eradication efforts.
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24
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Nguyen-Contant P, Sangster MY, Topham DJ. Squalene-Based Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants and Their Impact on the Hemagglutinin-Specific B Cell Response. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030355. [PMID: 33802803 PMCID: PMC8002393 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infections continue to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality despite ongoing influenza vaccine research. Adjuvants are administered in conjunction with influenza vaccines to enhance the immune response and strengthen protection against disease. Squalene-based emulsion adjuvants including MF59, AS03, and AF03, are registered for administration with influenza vaccines and are widely used in many countries. Squalene-based emulsion adjuvants induce a strong innate immune response, enhancing antigen presentation both quantitively and qualitatively to generate strong B cell responses and antibody production. They also diversify the reactivity profiles and strengthen the affinities of antibodies against the influenza hemagglutinin, increasing protection across virus clades. In this review, we consider the mechanisms of the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune responses by squalene-based emulsionSE adjuvants and the resulting increase in magnitude and breadth of hemagglutinin-specific B cell responses. We relate observed effects of SE adjuvants and current mechanistic understandings to events in responding lymph nodes. These insights will guide the rational design and optimization of influenza vaccines to provide broad and effective protection.
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25
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Janitzek CM, Carlsen PHR, Thrane S, Khanna VM, Jakob V, Barnier-Quer C, Collin N, Theander TG, Salanti A, Nielsen MA, Sander AF. The Immunogenicity of Capsid-Like Particle Vaccines in Combination with Different Adjuvants Using Different Routes of Administration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020131. [PMID: 33562114 PMCID: PMC7915698 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid-like particle (CLP) displays can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, but a better understanding of how CLP vaccines are best formulated and delivered is needed. This study compared the humoral immune responses in mice elicited against two different vaccine antigens (a bacterial protein and a viral peptide) delivered on an AP205 CLP platform using six different adjuvant formulations. In comparison to antibody responses obtained after immunization with the unadjuvanted CLP vaccine, three of the adjuvant systems (neutral liposomes/monophosphoryl lipid A/quillaja saponaria 21, squalene-in-water emulsion, and monophosphoryl lipid A) caused significantly increased antibody levels, whereas formulation with the three other adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide, cationic liposomes, and cationic microparticles) resulted in similar or even decreased antibody responses. When delivering the soluble bacterial protein in a squalene-in-water emulsion, 4-log lower IgG levels were obtained compared to when the protein was delivered on CLPs without the adjuvant. The AP205 CLP platform promoted induction of both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses, which could be skewed towards a higher production of IgG1 (aluminum hydroxide). Compared to other routes, intramuscular administration elicited the highest IgG levels. These results indicate that the effect of the external adjuvant does not always synergize with the adjuvant effect of the CLP display, which underscores the need for empirical testing of different extrinsic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Janitzek
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip H. R. Carlsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Thrane
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vijansh M. Khanna
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Virginie Jakob
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Plan-Les-Ouates, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Christophe Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.-Q.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.-Q.); (N.C.)
| | - Thor G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam F. Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 København, Denmark; (C.M.J.); (P.H.R.C.); (S.T.); (V.M.K.); (T.G.T.); (A.S.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-30111529
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26
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Goyal DK, Keshav P, Kaur S. Adjuvanted vaccines driven protection against visceral infection in BALB/c mice by Leishmania donovani. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104733. [PMID: 33484811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kinteoplastid protozoan parasite of genus Leishmania is the pathogen that causes leishmaniasis. Its prevalence is highest after malaria and visceral leishmaniasis is the most dreaded form of infection. No vaccine is available for the disease management and it relies wholly on a few chemotherapeutic agents which are toxic and besides drug resistance their costs are the limitations. Therefore, development of an effective vaccine is urgently required. In this study, Montanide ISA 201 and AddaVax were assessed for their adjuvant potential along with formalin-inactivated or killed vaccine for the immune induction. Immunological and parasitological studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different vaccine formulations in BALB/c mice before challenge infection as well as 4, 8, and 12 weeks after challenge. The efficacy of vaccines was evidenced with reduced parasite burden, the higher DTH response, Th1 cytokines, and IgG2a isotype antibody in immunized mice. All the vaccines showed their potential against Leishmania donovani infection and vaccine formulated with Montanide ISA 201 exhibited maximum efficacy. Our results suggest the potential of these vaccine formulations in controlling Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Goyal
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Poonam Keshav
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Nanoparticles as Adjuvants and Nanodelivery Systems for mRNA-Based Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010045. [PMID: 33396817 PMCID: PMC7823281 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown promise against infectious diseases and several types of cancer in the last two decades. Their promise can be attributed to their safety profiles, high potency, and ability to be rapidly and affordably manufactured. Now, many RNA-based vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. However, until recently, their development has been limited by their instability and inefficient in vivo transfection. The nanodelivery system plays a dual function in RNA-based vaccination by acting as a carrier system and as an adjuvant. That is due to its similarity to microorganisms structurally and size-wise; the nanodelivery system can augment the response by the immune system via simulating the natural infection process. Nanodelivery systems allow non-invasive mucosal administration, targeted immune cell delivery, and controlled delivery, reducing the need for multiple administrations. They also allow co-encapsulating with immunostimulators to improve the overall adjuvant capacity. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent developments and applications of biodegradable nanodelivery systems that improve RNA-based vaccine delivery and enhance the immunological response against targeted diseases.
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Alqazlan N, Astill J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Nagy É, Bridle B, Sharif S. Probiotic Lactobacilli Enhance Immunogenicity of an Inactivated H9N2 Influenza Virus Vaccine in Chickens. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:86-95. [PMID: 33236974 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and many avian species. Efforts have been made to control this pathogen in chickens using vaccination programs, but that has been met with varying degrees of success. Therefore, identification of more efficacious vaccination strategies is warranted. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential effects of probiotics on the immunogenicity of a beta-propiolactone-whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccine of H9N2 subtype adjuvanted with the Toll-like receptor-21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 2007 (CpG). Eighty-four 1-day-old White Leghorn layers were allocated into six groups. Two out of six groups received a mixture of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (PROB) biweekly from days 1 35 of age. Chickens were intramuscularly vaccinated with WIV either alone or adjuvanted with AddaVax™ (WIV+Add) or CpG (WIV+CpG), and one group received saline (phosphate-buffered saline). Primary and secondary vaccinations occurred at days 14 and 28 of age, respectively. The results revealed that the group that received probiotics and was vaccinated with CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2 vaccine had higher hemagglutination inhibition titers than the other treatment groups at days 14 and 21 postprimary vaccination. Probiotics did not induce higher IgM or IgY titers in chickens receiving the WIV vaccine only. Concerning their effect on cell-mediated immune responses, probiotics enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expression and significantly increased secretion of IFN-γ protein by splenocytes in chickens vaccinated with CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2. Together, these findings suggest the use of probiotics to enhance the immunogenicity of CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2 vaccines. Additional studies are required to better understand the specific interactions between probiotics and the gut microbiota and different types of cells of the gastrointestinal tract to decipher the underlying mechanisms of how probiotics modulate immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Kim YG, Lee Y, Kim JH, Chang SY, Jung JW, Chung WJ, Jin HE. Self-Assembled Multi-Epitope Peptide Amphiphiles Enhance the Immune Response against Enterovirus 71. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2342. [PMID: 33255791 PMCID: PMC7760352 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines consist of non-genetic material, such as peptides or proteins. They are considered safe because they have fewer side effects; however, they have low immunogenicity when used alone. We aimed to enhance the immune response of peptide-based vaccines by using self-assembled multimeric peptide amphiphiles (PAs). We designed two epitope PAs by conjugating epitope peptides from Enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus particle (VP) 1 and VP3 capsid proteins with different fatty acid chain lengths (VP1PA and VP3PA). These PAs self-assembled into supramolecular structures at a physiological pH, and the resulting structures were characterized using atomic force microscopy. Multi-epitope PAs (m-PAs) consisted of a 1:1 mixture of VP1PA and VP3PA solutions. To evaluate immunogenicity, m-PA constructs were injected with adjuvant subcutaneously into female Balb/c mice. Levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1 in m-PA-injected mice serum samples were analyzed using ELISA and Western blotting. Additionally, cytokine production stimulated by each antigen was measured in splenocytes cultured from immunized mice groups. We found that m-PA showed improved humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the control and peptide groups. The sera from m-PA immunized mice group could neutralize EV71 infection and protect host cells. Thus, self-assembled m-PAs can promote a protective immune response and can be developed as a potential platform technology to produce peptide vaccines against infectious viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Yunsu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Joo Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Sasaki E, Hamaguchi I, Mizukami T. Pharmacodynamic and safety considerations for influenza vaccine and adjuvant design. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1051-1061. [PMID: 32772723 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1807936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel adjuvant evaluation system for safety and immunogenicity is needed. Vaccination is important for infection prevention, for example, from influenza viruses. Adjuvants are considered critical for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. Adjuvant development is an important issue in influenza vaccine design. AREAS COVERED A conventional in vivo evaluation method for vaccine safety has been limited in analyzing phenotypic and pathological changes. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain information on the changes at the molecular level. This review aims to explain the recently developed genomics analysis-based vaccine adjuvant safety evaluation tools verified by AddaVaxTM and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) using 18 biomarker genes and whole-virion inactivated influenza vaccine as a toxicity control. Genomics analyzes would help provide safety and efficacy information regarding influenza vaccine design by facilitating appropriate adjuvant selection. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy and safety profiles of influenza vaccines and adjuvants using genomics technologies provide useful information regarding immunogenicity, which is related to safety and efficacy. This approach provides important information to select appropriate inoculation routes, combinations of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, and dosing amounts. The efficacy of vaccine adjuvant evaluation by genomics analysis should be verified by various studies using various vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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Sisteré-Oró M, Pedersen GK, Córdoba L, López-Serrano S, Christensen D, Darji A. Influenza NG-34 T cell conserved epitope adjuvanted with CAF01 as a possible influenza vaccine candidate. Vet Res 2020; 51:57. [PMID: 32312317 PMCID: PMC7168942 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Conserved epitopes are targets commonly researched to be part of universal vaccine candidates against influenza viruses (IV). These conserved epitopes need to be cross-protecting against distinct IV subtypes and to have a strong immunogenic potential. Nevertheless, subunit vaccines generally require a strong adjuvant to enhance their immunological effects. Herewith, we compare four different adjuvants differing in their immunological signatures that may enhance efficacy of a conserved hemagglutinin (HA)-epitope from IV, the NG-34, to define the most efficient combination of antigen/adjuvant to combat IV infections. Soluble NG-34 was mixed with adjuvants like aluminium hydroxide (AH) and AddaVax, known to induce Th2 and humoral responses; CAF01 which displays a biased Th1/Th17 profile and Diluvac Forte which augments the humoral response. Combinations were tested in different groups of mice which were subjected to immunological analyses. CAF01 + NG-34 induced a complete immune response with the highest IgG1, IgG2c titers and percentages of activated CD4 T cell promoting IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α producing cells. Furthermore, in NG-34 stimulated mice splenocytes, cytokine levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α were also the highest in the CAF01 + NG-34 mouse group. This complete induced immune response covering the humoral and the cellular arms of the adaptive immunity promoted by CAF01 + NG-34 group suggests that CAF01 could be a good candidate as an adjuvant to combine with NG-34 for an efficacious vaccine against IV. However, more studies performed in IV hosts as well as studies with a challenge model are further required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sisteré-Oró
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Lorena Córdoba
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ayub Darji
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Versteeg L, Wei J, Liu Z, Keegan B, Fujiwara RT, Jones KM, Asojo O, Strych U, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Zhan B. Protective immunity elicited by the nematode-conserved As37 recombinant protein against Ascaris suum infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008057. [PMID: 32053593 PMCID: PMC7017989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the three major soil-transmitted gastrointestinal helminths (STHs) that infect more than 440 million people in the world, ranking this neglected tropical disease among the most common afflictions of people living in poverty. Children infected with this roundworm suffer from malnutrition, growth stunting as well as cognitive and intellectual deficits. An effective vaccine is urgently needed to complement anthelmintic deworming as a better approach to control helminth infections. As37 is an immunodominant antigen of Ascaris suum, a pig roundworm closely related to the human A. lumbricoides parasite, recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum infected mice. In this study, the immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of recombinant As37 were evaluated in a mouse model. Methodology/Principal findings As37 was cloned and expressed as a soluble recombinant protein (rAs37) in Escherichia coli. The expressed rAs37 was highly recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum egg-infected mice. Balb/c mice immunized with 25 μg rAs37 formulated with AddaVax™ adjuvant showed significant larval worm reduction after challenge with A. suum infective eggs when compared with a PBS (49.7%) or adjuvant control (48.7%). Protection was associated with mixed Th1/2-type immune responses characterized by high titers of serological IgG1 and IgG2a and stimulation of the production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. In this experiment, the AddaVax™ adjuvant induced better protection than the Th1-type adjuvant MPLA (38.9%) and the Th2-type adjuvant Alhydrogel (40.7%). Sequence analysis revealed that As37 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and highly conserved in other human STHs. Anti-As37 antibodies strongly recognized homologs in hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, A. caninum) and in the whipworm Trichuris muris, but there was no cross-reaction with human spleen tissue extracts. These results suggest that the nematode-conserved As37 could serve as a pan-helminth vaccine antigen to prevent all STH infections without cross-reaction with human IgSF molecules. Conclusions/Significance As37 is an A. suum expressed immunodominant antigen that elicited significant protective immunity in mice when formulated with AddaVax™. As37 is highly conserved in other STHs, but not in humans, suggesting it could be further developed as a pan-helminth vaccine against STH co-infections. Ascaris infection is the most common infection of humans living in poverty worldwide and can result in malnutrition and stunted physical and mental development in children. A preventive vaccine is urgently needed as a complementary approach to anthelmintic deworming to increase the efficiency of STH infection control. To develop a vaccine against Ascaris infection, an immunodominant antigen, As37 of A. suum, was cloned and expressed as a soluble recombinant protein in E. coli. The recombinant As37 protein (rAs37) was highly recognized by protective immune sera from A. suum infected mice. Balb/c mice immunized with 25 μg rAs37 formulated with the adjuvant AddaVax™ showed significant larval worm reduction against challenge with A. suum infective eggs when compared to a PBS (49.7%) or adjuvant control (48.7%). Protection was associated with a mixed Th1/2-type immune response characterized by high titers of serological IgG1 and IgG2a and stimulation of the production of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. The AddaVax™ adjuvant induced better protection than the Th1-type adjuvant MPLA (38.9%) and the Th2-type adjuvant Alhydrogel (40.7%). Sequence analysis revealed that As37 was a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and highly conserved in other human STHs. Anti-As37 antibodies strongly recognized homologs in hookworms (Necator americanus, A. ceylanicum, A. caninum) and in the whipworm T. muris, but there was no cross-reaction with human spleen tissue extracts. These results indicate that the nematode-conserved As37 protein could be developed as a pan-helminth vaccine antigen to prevent all STH infections without reacting with human IgSF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Versteeg
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junfei Wei
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian Keegan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oluwatoyin Asojo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Strych
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kavian N, Hachim A, Li APY, Cohen CA, Chin AWH, Poon LLM, Fang VJ, Leung NHL, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Assessment of enhanced influenza vaccination finds that FluAd conveys an advantage in mice and older adults. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1107. [PMID: 32025302 PMCID: PMC6997034 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enhanced inactivated influenza vaccines (eIIV) aim to increase immunogenicity and protection compared with the widely used standard IIV (S-IIV). METHODS We tested four vaccines in parallel, FluZone high dose, FluBlok and FluAd versus S-IIV in a randomised controlled trial of older adults and in a mouse infection model to assess immunogenicity, protection from lethal challenge and mechanisms of action. RESULTS In older adults, FluAd vaccination stimulated a superior antibody profile, including H3-HA antibodies that were elevated for up to 1 year after vaccination, higher avidity H3HA IgG and larger HA stem IgG responses. In a mouse model, FluAd also elicited an earlier and larger induction of HA stem antibodies with increased germinal centre responses and upregulation and long-term expression of B-cell switch transcription factors. Long-term cross-reactive memory responses were sustained by FluAd following lethal heterosubtypic influenza challenge, with reduced lung damage and viral loads, coinciding with increased T- and B-cell recall. Advantages were also noted for the high-dose FluZone vaccine in both humans and mice. CONCLUSION The early, broadly reactive and long-lived antibody response of FluAd indicates a potential advantage of this vaccine, particularly in years when there is a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the circulating strain of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Kavian
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Service d'Immunologie BiologiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire CochinFaculté de MédecineAssistance Publique–Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Universitaire Paris CentreUniversité Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut CochinINSERM U1016Université Paris DescartesSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Asmaa Hachim
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Athena PY Li
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Alex WH Chin
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Leo LM Poon
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Vicky J Fang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Nancy HL Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU‐Pasteur Research PoleSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ControlSchool of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are the interface between the host’s internal milieu and the external environment, and they have dual functions, serving as physical barriers to foreign antigens and as accepting sites for vital materials. Mucosal vaccines are more favored to prevent mucosal infections from the portal of entry. Although mucosal vaccination has many advantages, licensed mucosal vaccines are scarce. The most widely studied mucosal routes are oral and intranasal. Licensed oral and intranasal vaccines are composed mostly of whole cell killed or live attenuated microorganisms serving as both delivery systems and built-in adjuvants. Future mucosal vaccines should be made with more purified antigen components, which will be relatively less immunogenic. To induce robust protective immune responses against well-purified vaccine antigens, an effective mucosal delivery system is an essential requisite. Recent developments in biomaterials and nanotechnology have enabled many innovative mucosal vaccine trials. For oral vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should be able to stably carry antigens and adjuvants and resist harsh physicochemical conditions in the stomach and intestinal tract. Besides many nano/microcarrier tools generated by using natural and chemical materials, the development of oral vaccine delivery systems using food materials should be more robustly researched to expand vaccine coverage of gastrointestinal infections in developing countries. For intranasal vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should survive the very active mucociliary clearance mechanisms and prove safety because of the anatomical location of nasal cavity separated by a thin barrier. Future mucosal vaccine carriers, regardless of administration routes, should have certain common characteristics. They should maintain stability in given environments, be mucoadhesive, and have the ability to target specific tissues and cells.
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Bragazzi NL, Hejly A, Watad A, Adawi M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101412. [PMID: 32265102 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An adjuvant is an immunological or pharmacological substance or group of substances that can be added to a given agent to enhance its effect in terms of efficacy, effectiveness and potency. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized underlying the action of the adjuvant, including boosting immune (innate and adaptive) response: this generally results in sparing the necessary amount of the agent and can potentially reduce the frequency of the needed number of therapeutic interventions. Adjuvants can be commonly found in vaccines, immunization products, mineral oils, cosmetics, silicone breast implants and other therapeutic/medical devices, being usually safe and effective. However, in a fraction of genetically susceptible and predisposed subjects, the administration of adjuvants may lead to the insurgence of serious side-effects, called "autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome by adjuvants" (ASIA) or Shoenfeld's syndrome. The present review is aimed at focusing on the "endocrine pebbles" of the mosaic of autoimmunity and of the ASIA syndrome, collecting together 54 cases of sub-acute thyroiditis, 2 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 11 cases of primary ovarian failure/primary ovarian insufficiency, 13 cases of autoimmune diabetes type 1, and 1 case of autoimmune adrenal gland insufficiency occurred after exposure to adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashraf Hejly
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mohammed Adawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Howard Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Van Dis E, Sogi KM, Rae CS, Sivick KE, Surh NH, Leong ML, Kanne DB, Metchette K, Leong JJ, Bruml JR, Chen V, Heydari K, Cadieux N, Evans T, McWhirter SM, Dubensky TW, Portnoy DA, Stanley SA. STING-Activating Adjuvants Elicit a Th17 Immune Response and Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1435-1447. [PMID: 29719256 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a limited number of adjuvants that elicit effective cell-based immunity required for protection against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Here, we report that STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) formulated in a protein subunit vaccine elicit long-lasting protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mouse model. Subcutaneous administration of this vaccine provides equivalent protection to that of the live attenuated vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Protection is STING dependent but type I IFN independent and correlates with an increased frequency of a recently described subset of CXCR3-expressing T cells that localize to the lung parenchyma. Intranasal delivery results in superior protection compared with BCG, significantly boosts BCG-based immunity, and elicits both Th1 and Th17 immune responses, the latter of which correlates with enhanced protection. Thus, a CDN-adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine has the capability of eliciting a multi-faceted immune response that results in protection from infection by an intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Van Dis
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly M Sogi
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chris S Rae
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kelsey E Sivick
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Natalie H Surh
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | | | - David B Kanne
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Ken Metchette
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Justin J Leong
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jacob R Bruml
- Aduro Biotech, Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Vivian Chen
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kartoosh Heydari
- LKS Flow Cytometry Core, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Tom Evans
- Vaccitech Limited, King Charles House, Park End Street, Oxford OX1 1JD, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel A Portnoy
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Sun W, Zheng A, Miller R, Krammer F, Palese P. An Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Approach to Targeting the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk and M2e Domains. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030117. [PMID: 31540436 PMCID: PMC6789539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Universal influenza virus vaccine candidates that focus on the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain and the extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) have been developed to increase the breadth of protection against multiple strains. In this study, we report a novel inactivated influenza virus vaccine approach that combines these two strategies. We inserted a human consensus M2e epitope into the immunodominant antigenic site (Ca2 site) of three different chimeric HAs (cHAs). Sequential immunization with inactivated viruses containing these modified cHAs substantially enhanced M2e antibody responses while simultaneously boosting stalk antibody responses. The combination of additional M2e antibodies with HA stalk antibodies resulted in superior antibody-mediated protection in mice against challenge viruses expressing homologous or heterosubtypic hemagglutinin and neuraminidase compared to vaccination strategies that targeted the HA stalk or M2e epitopes in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Allen Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Robert Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Tegenge MA, Von Tungeln LS, Anderson SA, Mitkus RJ, Vanlandingham MM, Forshee RA, Beland FA. Comparative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study of two distinct squalene-containing oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants in H5N1 influenza vaccines. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104436. [PMID: 31381939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been great interest from academia, industry and government scientists for an increased understanding of the mode of action of vaccine adjuvants to characterize the safety and efficacy of vaccines. In this context, pharmacokinetic (PK) and biodistribution studies are useful for quantifying the concentration of vaccine adjuvants in mechanistically or toxicologically relevant target tissues. METHODS In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the PK and biodistribution profile of radiolabeled squalene for up to 336 h (14 days) after intramuscular injection of mice with adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccines. The evaluated adjuvants included an experimental-grade squalene-in-water (SQ/W) emulsion (AddaVax®) and an adjuvant system (AS03®) that contained squalene and α-tocopherol in the oil phase of the emulsion. RESULTS The half-life of the initial exponential decay from quadriceps muscle was 1.5 h for AS03 versus 12.9 h for AddaVax. At early time points (1-6 h), there was about a 10-fold higher concentration of labeled squalene in draining lymph nodes following AS03 injection compared to AddaVax. The area-under-concentration curve up to 336 h (AUC0-336hr) and peak concentration of squalene in spleen (immune organ) was about 1.7-fold higher following injection of AS03 than AddaVax. The peak systemic tissue concentration of squalene from the two adjuvants, with or without antigen, remained below 1% of injected dose for toxicologically relevant target tissues, such as spinal cord, brain, and kidney. The pharmacokinetics of AS03 was unaffected by the presence of H5N1 antigen. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a rapid decline of AS03 from the quadriceps muscles of mice as compared to conventional SQ/W emulsion adjuvant, with an increased transfer to mechanistically relevant tissues such as local lymph nodes. Systemic tissue exposure to potential toxicological target tissues was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million A Tegenge
- Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Linda S Von Tungeln
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Steven A Anderson
- Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Robert J Mitkus
- Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA; Current Address: BASF Corporation, 26 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michelle M Vanlandingham
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Richard A Forshee
- Office of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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Barry MA, Versteeg L, Wang Q, Pollet J, Zhan B, Gusovsky F, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Jones KM. A therapeutic vaccine prototype induces protective immunity and reduces cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007413. [PMID: 31145733 PMCID: PMC6542517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, develops into chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy in ~30% of infected individuals, characterized by conduction disorders, arrhythmias, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death. Current anti-parasitic treatments are plagued by significant side effects and poor efficacy in the chronic phase of disease; thus, there is a pressing need for new treatment options. A therapeutic vaccine could bolster the protective TH1-mediated immune response, thereby slowing or halting the progression of chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy. Prior work in mice has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of a Tc24 recombinant protein vaccine in the acute phase of Chagas disease. However, it is anticipated that humans will be vaccinated therapeutically when in the chronic phase of disease. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of a vaccine prototype containing recombinant protein Tc24, formulated with an emulsion containing the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist E6020 as an immunomodulatory adjuvant in a mouse model of chronic T. cruzi infection. Among outbred ICR mice vaccinated during chronic T. cruzi infection, there is a significant increase in the number of animals with undetectable systemic parasitemia (60% of vaccinated mice compared to 0% in the sham vaccine control group), and a two-fold reduction in cardiac fibrosis over the control group. The vaccinated mice produce a robust protective TH1-biased immune response to the vaccine, as demonstrated by a significant increase in antigen-specific IFNγ-production, the number of antigen-specific IFNγ-producing cells, and IgG2a antibody titers. Importantly, therapeutic vaccination significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis in chronically infected mice. This is a first study demonstrating therapeutic efficacy of the prototype Tc24 recombinant protein and E6020 stable emulsion vaccine against cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic T. cruzi infection. Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that can cause severe heart disease. Current treatments do not work well and have significant side effects. Because of this, the authors created a new vaccine prototype with the goal that it could be given to infected people to prevent Chagas-associated heart disease. The vaccine contains a manufactured protein identical to a protein in the parasite (called Tc24) as well as a component to help the body produce a protective immune response (a vaccine adjuvant called E6020). The vaccine would boost the body’s natural immune response to the parasite infection, reducing the number of parasites in the body, and protecting the heart. Frequently, people are not diagnosed until later in the infection, because the early (or acute) stage of disease can be mistaken for a common cold. Because of this, it is important to test the vaccine when given in the later (or chronic) stage of infection. The authors tested the vaccine in a mouse model of chronic T. cruzi infection and found that the vaccinated mice had lower levels of parasites in their body and less damage to their hearts. This research shows promising value of a therapeutic vaccine to prevent Chagas-associated heart disease in a mouse model, with the hope that the same effect could be found in humans one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A. Barry
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MB); (KJ)
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhan
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fabian Gusovsky
- Eisai, Inc., Eisai Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MB); (KJ)
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Sarkar I, Garg R, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Selection of adjuvants for vaccines targeting specific pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:505-521. [PMID: 31009255 PMCID: PMC7103699 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1604231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants form an integral component in most of the inactivated and subunit vaccine formulations. Careful and proper selection of adjuvants helps in promoting appropriate immune responses against target pathogens at both innate and adaptive levels such that protective immunity can be elicited. Areas covered: Herein, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants that are licensed for use in human vaccines or in clinical or pre-clinical stages at both innate and adaptive levels. Different pathogens have distinct characteristics, which require the host to mount an appropriate immune response against them. Adjuvants can be selected to elicit a tailor-made immune response to specific pathogens based on their unique properties. Identification of biomarkers of adjuvanticity for several candidate vaccines using omics-based technologies can unravel the mechanism of action of modern and experimental adjuvants. Expert opinion: Adjuvant technology has been revolutionized over the last two decades. In-depth understanding of the role of adjuvants in activating the innate immune system, combined with systems vaccinology approaches, have led to the development of next-generation, novel adjuvants that can be used in vaccines against challenging pathogens and in specific target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sarkar
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada.,b Microbiology and Immunology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Ravendra Garg
- a VIDO-InterVac , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G, Chinnasamy S, Wang Q, Nangraj AS, Cho WC, Gu K, Wei DQ. Exploring the Papillomaviral Proteome to Identify Potential Candidates for a Chimeric Vaccine against Cervix Papilloma Using Immunomics and Computational Structural Vaccinology. Viruses 2019; 11:E63. [PMID: 30650527 PMCID: PMC6357041 DOI: 10.3390/v11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 58 is considered to be the second most predominant genotype in cervical cancer incidents in China. HPV type-restriction, non-targeted delivery, and the highcost of existing vaccines necessitate continuing research on the HPV vaccine. We aimed to explore the papillomaviral proteome in order to identify potential candidates for a chimeric vaccine against cervix papilloma using computational immunology and structural vaccinology approaches. Two overlapped epitope segments (23⁻36) and (29⁻42) from the N-terminal region of the HPV58 minor capsid protein L2 are selected as capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity. In total, 318 amino acid lengths of the vaccine construct SGD58 contain adjuvants (Flagellin and RS09), two Th epitopes, and linkers. SGD58 is a stable protein that is soluble, antigenic, and non-allergenic. Homology modeling and the structural refinement of the best models of SGD58 and TLR5 found 96.8% and 93.9% favored regions in Rampage, respectively. The docking results demonstrated a HADDOCK score of -62.5 ± 7.6, the binding energy (-30 kcal/mol) and 44 interacting amino acid residues between SGD58-TLR5 complex. The docked complex are stable in 100 ns of simulation. The coding sequences of SGD58 also show elevated gene expression in Escherichia coli with 1.0 codon adaptation index and 59.92% glycine-cysteine content. We conclude that SGD58 may prompt the creation a vaccine against cervix papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyavani Kaliamurthi
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sathishkumar Chinnasamy
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qiankun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Asma Sindhoo Nangraj
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - William Cs Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Keren Gu
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Center of Interdisciplinary Science-Computational Life Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Zhang J, Miao J, Han X, Lu Y, Deng B, Lv F, Zhao Y, Ding C, Hou J. Development of a novel oil-in-water emulsion and evaluation of its potential adjuvant function in a swine influenza vaccine in mice. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:415. [PMID: 30577861 PMCID: PMC6303909 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is the principal strategy for prevention and control of diseases, and adjuvant use is an effective strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy. Traditional mineral oil-based adjuvants have been reported with post-immunization reactions. Developing new adjuvant formulations with improved potency and safety will be of great value. Results In the study reported herein, a novel oil-in-water (O/W) Emulsion Adjuvant containing Squalane (termed EAS) was developed, characterized and investigated for swine influenza virus immunization. The data show that EAS is a homogeneous nanoemulsion with small particle size (~ 105 nm), low viscosity (2.04 ± 0.24 cP at 20 °C), excellent stability (at least 24 months at 4 °C) and low toxicity. EAS-adjuvanted H3N2 swine influenza vaccine was administrated in mice subcutaneously to assess the adjuvant potency of EAS. The results demonstrated that in mice EAS-adjuvanted vaccine induced significantly higher titers of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgG antibodies than water-in-oil (W/O) vaccines or antigen alone, respectively, at day 42 post vaccination (dpv) (P < 0.05). EAS-adjuvanted vaccine elicited significantly stronger IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and higher concentrations of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) cytokines compared to the W/O vaccine or antigen alone. Mice immunized with EAS-adjuvanted influenza vaccine conferred potent protection after homologous challenge. Conclusion The O/W emulsion EAS developed in the present work induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses against inactivated swine influenza virus, conferred effective protection after homologous virus challenge and showed low toxicity in mice, indicating that EAS is as good as the commercial adjuvant MF59. The superiority of EAS to the conventional W/O formulation in adjuvant activity, safety and stability will make it a potential veterinary adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Lu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Bihua Deng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fang Lv
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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van Diepen MT, Chapman R, Moore PL, Margolin E, Hermanus T, Morris L, Ximba P, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL. The adjuvant AlhydroGel elicits higher antibody titres than AddaVax when combined with HIV-1 subtype C gp140 from CAP256. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208310. [PMID: 30557314 PMCID: PMC6296668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the HIV-1 epidemic in southern Africa still rising, a prophylactic vaccine against the region’s most prolific subtype (subtype C) would be a significant step forward. In this paper we report on the effect of 2 different adjuvants, AddaVax and AlhydroGel, formulated with HIV-1 subtype C gp140, on the development of binding and neutralising antibody titres in rabbits. AddaVax is a squalene-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion (similar to MF59) which can enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses, whilst AlhydroGel (aluminium hydroxide gel) mainly drives a Th2 response. The gp140 gene tested was derived from the superinfecting virus (SU) from participant CAP256 in the CAPRISA 002 Acute infection cohort. The furin cleavage site of the Env protein was replaced with a flexible linker and an I559P mutation introduced. Lectin affinity purified soluble Env protein was mainly trimeric as judged by molecular weight using BN-PAGE and contained intact broadly neutralising epitopes for the V3-glycan supersite (monoclonal antibodies PGT128 and PGT135), the CD4 binding site (VRC01) and the V2-glycan (PG9) but not for the trimer-specific monoclonal antibodies PG16, PGT145 and CAP256-VRC26_08. When this soluble Env protein was tested in rabbits, AlhydroGel significantly enhanced soluble Env and V1V2 binding antibodies when compared to AddaVax. Finally, AlhydroGel resulted in significantly higher neutralization titres for a subtype C Tier 1A virus (MW965.26) and increased neutralization breadth to Tier 1A and 1B viruses. However, no autologous Tier 2 neutralisation was observed. These data suggest that adjuvant selection is critical for developing a successful vaccine and AlhydroGel should be further investigated. Additional purification of trimeric native-like CAP256 Env and/or priming with DNA or MVA might enhance the induction of neutralizing antibodies and possible Tier 2 HIV-1 neutralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel T. van Diepen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosamund Chapman
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Margolin
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| | - Phindile Ximba
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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44
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Kinkead HL, Hopkins A, Lutz E, Wu AA, Yarchoan M, Cruz K, Woolman S, Vithayathil T, Glickman LH, Ndubaku CO, McWhirter SM, Dubensky TW, Armstrong TD, Jaffee EM, Zaidi N. Combining STING-based neoantigen-targeted vaccine with checkpoint modulators enhances antitumor immunity in murine pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122857. [PMID: 30333318 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor neoantigens arising from somatic mutations in the cancer genome are less likely to be subject to central immune tolerance and are therefore attractive targets for vaccine immunotherapy. We utilized whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing (RNASeq), and an in silico immunogenicity prediction algorithm, NetMHC, to generate a neoantigen-targeted vaccine, PancVAX, which was administered together with the STING adjuvant ADU-V16 to mice bearing pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Panc02) cells. PancVAX activated a neoepitope-specific T cell repertoire within the tumor and caused transient tumor regression. When given in combination with two checkpoint modulators, namely anti-PD-1 and agonist OX40 antibodies, PancVAX resulted in enhanced and more durable tumor regression and a survival benefit. The addition of OX40 to vaccine reduced the coexpression of T cell exhaustion markers, Lag3 and PD-1, and resulted in rejection of tumors upon contralateral rechallenge, suggesting the induction of T cell memory. Together, these data provide the framework for testing personalized neoantigen-based combinatorial vaccine strategies in patients with pancreatic and other nonimmunogenic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Kinkead
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Hopkins
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Lutz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie A Wu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kayla Cruz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Skylar Woolman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teena Vithayathil
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura H Glickman
- Aduro Biotechnologies Inc., Berkeley, California, USA.,Actym Therapeutics Inc., Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas W Dubensky
- Aduro Biotechnologies Inc., Berkeley, California, USA.,Tempest Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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45
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Hawksworth D. Advancing Freund's and AddaVax Adjuvant Regimens Using CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:195-199. [PMID: 30281392 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant can play an important role in vaccine formulation by aiding in the development of a robust immune response. In our hybridoma development work, we typically use both Freund's and AddaVax™ adjuvant regimens for mouse immunizations. While we have repeatedly shown success with our protocols, we continually seek to improve upon the titer and affinity of the serum antibody response. To that end, we evaluated the use of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA), a B cell stimulant, in our adjuvant regimens. Mice were immunized using our standard Freund's protocol (Adjulite Complete Freund's Adjuvant for the primary immunization followed by Adjulite Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (AIFA) for all additional immunizations) or a test protocol using AIFA supplemented with CpG-DNA for all immunizations. A second group of mice were immunized with antigen emulsified in AddaVax adjuvant alone or AddaVax supplemented with CpG-DNA. Our results show a trend toward a higher titer response when CpG-DNA was used with either adjuvant. In addition, AIFA+CpG-DNA mice trended toward a higher relative affinity versus mice immunized using our standard Freund's methodology. Additional antigens will need to be studied to determine whether these observations are limited to the proteins (antigens) studied or whether this is a generalized response to any immunogen.
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46
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Tayeb HH, Sainsbury F. Nanoemulsions in drug delivery: formulation to medical application. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2507-2525. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale oil-in-water emulsions (NEs), heterogeneous systems of two immiscible liquids stabilized by emulsifiers or surfactants, show great potential in medical applications because of their attractive characteristics for drug delivery. NEs have been explored as therapeutic carriers for hydrophobic compounds via various routes of administration. NEs provide opportunities to improve drug delivery via alternative administration routes. However, deep understanding of the NE manufacturing and functionalization fundamentals, and how they relate to the choice of administration route and pharmacological profile is still needed to ease the clinical translation of NEs. Here, we review the diversity of medical applications for NEs and how that governs their formulation, route of administration, and the emergence of increasing sophistication in NE design for specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam H Tayeb
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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47
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Cibulski SP, Rivera-Patron M, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Casaravilla C, Yendo ACA, Fett-Neto AG, Chabalgoity JA, Moreno M, Roehe PM, Silveira F. Quillaja brasiliensis saponin-based nanoparticulate adjuvants are capable of triggering early immune responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13582. [PMID: 30206376 PMCID: PMC6134118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially available saponins are extracted from Quillaja saponaria barks, being Quil A® the most widely used. Nanoparticulate immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs or ISCOMATRIX) formulated with these, are able to stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Recently, we formulated novel ISCOMs replacing QuilA® by QB-90 (IQB-90), a Quillaja brasiliensis leaf-extracted saponin fraction, and reported that IQB-90 improved antigen uptake, and induced systemic and mucosal antibody production, and T-cell responses. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study we provide a deeper insight into the immune stimulatory properties of QB-90 and ISCOMATRIX-like based on this fraction (IMXQB-90). We show herein that, when used as a viral vaccine adjuvant, QB-90 promotes an "immunocompetent environment". In addition, QB-90 and IMXQB-90 induce immune-cells recruitment at draining-lymph nodes and spleen. Subsequently, we prove that QB-90 or IMXQB-90 stimulated dendritic cells secret IL-1β by mechanisms involving Caspase-1/11 and MyD88 pathways, implying canonical inflammasome activation. Finally, both formulations induce a change in the expression of cytokines and chemokines coding genes, many of which are up-regulated. Findings reported here provide important insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the adjuvant activity of Q. brasiliensis leaf-saponins and its respective nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biología Celular e Molecular. Centro de Biotecnologia - CBiotec., Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Cidade Universitária, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rivera-Patron
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias/Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Química/Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias/Instituto de Química Biológica - Facultad de Química/Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anna Carolina Alves Yendo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Alejandro Chabalgoity
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico. Instituto de Higiene - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR). Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051. CP., 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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48
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Wei Y, Xiong J, Larson NR, Iyer V, Sanyal G, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Middaugh CR. Effect of 2 Emulsion-Based Adjuvants on the Structure and Thermal Stability of Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2325-2334. [PMID: 29883666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 2 squalene-based emulsion adjuvant systems (MedImmune emulsion 0 [ME.0] and Stable Emulsion [SE]) on the structure and stability of the recombinant protein antigen alpha-toxin (AT), a potential vaccine candidate for Staphylococcus aureus infection, were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and both steady-state and time-resolved intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy as well as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A component study, performed to identify the effects of the individual emulsion's components, showed negligible interactions between AT and ME.0. DSC analysis showed the ME.0 emulsion thermally destabilized AT, probably because of changes in the buffer composition of AT upon mixing. The SE emulsion caused increased alpha-helix and decreased beta-sheet content in AT, and a significant blue shift in the fluorescence spectra relative to that of AT in solution. DSC analysis showed SE exerted a dramatic thermal stabilization effect on AT, probably attributable to an interaction between AT and SE. Size exclusion chromatography showed a complete loss in the recovery of AT when mixed with SE, but not ME.0, indicating a high degree of interaction with SE. This work successfully characterized the biophysical properties of AT in the presence of 2 emulsion adjuvants including a component study to rationalize how emulsion components affect protein antigen stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Wei
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Nicholas R Larson
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Vidyashankara Iyer
- Biopharmaceutical Development, Medimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Gautam Sanyal
- Biopharmaceutical Development, Medimmune Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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49
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Squalene containing solid lipid nanoparticles, a promising adjuvant system for yeast vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:2314-2320. [PMID: 29567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Potent adjuvant systems are required for subunit and single antigen based vaccines to provide sufficient immunogenicity. Furthermore, adjuvants can reduce the required number of immunisations and the antigen amount. Squalene nanoemulsions, like MF59® and AddaVax™, are potent, safe and well characterised adjuvant systems and approved for use in humans. Here, we developed squalene containing solid lipid nanoparticles, which can be sterilised by steam sterilisation and stored as freeze-dried power together with a yeast-based vaccine. Detailed size measurements using dynamic and static light scattering were applied, as the immune stimulating effect of squalene emulsions is mainly dependent on the particle size. The size range of AddaVax™ (120-170 nm) was favoured for the developed squalene containing solid lipid nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and H NMR studies were performed to characterise the interactions of the incorporated liquid squalene with the solid hard fat matrix. A homogeneous distribution as liquid domains in the solid glyceride structure was suggested for the liquid squalene. The developed adjuvant was compared with Freund's adjuvant and a commercially available squalene nanoemulsion in a vaccine trial in the mouse model with a yeast-based vaccine directed against the infectious bursal disease virus. All squalene-based adjuvants showed excellent biocompatibility and provided immune stimulating properties comparable to Freund's adjuvant.
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50
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Pinheiro AF, Roloff BC, da Silveira Moreira A, Berne MEA, Silva RA, Leite FPL. Identification of suitable adjuvant for vaccine formulation with the Neospora caninum antigen NcSRS2. Vaccine 2018; 36:1154-1159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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