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Chen S, Qiu G. Physiological and multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of copper on Halophila beccarii Asch. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108785. [PMID: 38824692 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of copper can pollute coastal waters, primarily from agricultural runoff and mining activities, which can harm marine organisms, including seagrasses. The molecular mechanism of copper toxicity to seagrass currently remains unclear. To determine the response to copper, physiological and multi-omic analyses were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism by which copper affects the global threatened seagrass Halophila beccarii Asch. Excessive copper stress causes oxidative damage and stimulates the activity of the antioxidant enzyme system to remove excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing the damage caused by copper stress. Cu increases the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), ascorbate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), and dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1) and the content of malondialdehyde and reduces the activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4). Under copper stress, H. beccarii upregulates the metabolic pathways of steroid biosynthesis and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis, downregulates the metabolic pathways of arginine and proline metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism; the levels of expression of the ribosome-related genes; upregulates the levels of expression of circadian rhythm-related proteins and downregulates the levels of glutathione metabolism and the proteins related to carbon fixation. This study provides new insights into the response of seagrass to copper stress and reports potential candidate metabolites, genes, and proteins that can be considered as biomarkers to improve the protection and management of seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, Guangxi, 536007, China.
| | - Guanglong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, Guangxi, 536007, China.
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Wu XZ, Patthamawan K, Okuhata Y. Sensitive detection of heavy metal stress in aquatic plants by dissolved oxygen-quenched fluorescence/materials movement-induced beam deflection method. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1993-2000. [PMID: 37651055 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of heavy metal (HM) stress in aquatic plants by dissolved oxygen (DO)-quenched fluorescence/materials movement-induced beam deflection method is demonstrated. Egeria densa Planchon and Cu2+ were used as a model aquatic plant and HM ion, respectively. Reproducibility and experimental errors of the method were first investigated in a control culture solution only containing 10-6 M Ru (II) complex (Tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chloride) without addition of any fertilizer and Cu2+. Changes of DO concentration (∆DO) and deflection (∆DE) during the monitoring periods were used as parameters to quantitatively evaluate the experimental errors and detection limits. Averages or means ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and standard deviations (σ∆DO, σ∆DE) of ∆DO and ∆DE in seven control experiments with different aquatic plants sheets during both the respiration and photosynthesis processes were obtained. Next, DO and deflection at the middle vicinities of the aquatic plant were monitored during 2 h of both respiration and photosynthesis in presence of 10-10 ~ 10-6 M Cu2+. Experimental results showed that the aquatic plant began to suffer from the HM stress in some extent in presence of 10-9 M Cu2+. When the concentration of Cu2+ was higher than 10-8 M, changing trends of both DO and deflection with time were not reversed during the respiration and photosynthesis, implying that the materials movements in the physiological activities had been altered greatly. It is demonstrated that the method could sensitively detect the HM stress in the aquatic plants given by nM HM ions in culture solution without addition of a fertilizer. Furthermore, detection limits of the method were quantitatively discussed by considering [Formula: see text] σ∆DO and [Formula: see text] σ∆DE as the minimum detectable changes of DO and deflection caused by the HM stress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zheng Wu
- Department of Life, Environment and Materials Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, 811-0295, Japan.
| | - Kansuk Patthamawan
- Department of Life, Environment and Materials Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, 811-0295, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuhata
- Department of Life, Environment and Materials Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi, Fukuoka, 811-0295, Japan
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Yang GL, Huang L, Yang X, Li Z, Liao HM, Mao K, Liu ZJ, Geng HY, Cao Q, Tan AJ. Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses of Two Cadmium Hyper-Enriched Duckweed Strains Reveal Putative Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12157. [PMID: 37569533 PMCID: PMC10418380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment and exerts deleterious effects on plant growth and production. Duckweed has been reported as a promising candidate for Cd phytoremediation. In this study, the growth, Cd enrichment, and antioxidant enzyme activity of duckweed were investigated. We found that both high-Cd-tolerance duckweed (HCD) and low-Cd-tolerance duckweed (LCD) strains exposed to Cd were hyper-enriched with Cd. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed. The results showed that the growth rate, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of duckweed were significantly affected by Cd stress and differed between the two strains. In the genome-wide transcriptome analysis, the RNA-seq library generated 544,347,670 clean reads, and 1608 and 2045 differentially expressed genes were identified between HCD and LCD, respectively. The antioxidant system was significantly expressed during ribosomal biosynthesis in HCD but not in LCD. Fatty acid metabolism and ethanol production were significantly increased in LCD. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism likely plays an important role in Cd detoxification in duckweed. These findings contribute to the understanding of Cd tolerance mechanisms in hyperaccumulator plants and lay the foundation for future phytoremediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Lei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Hai-Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Kang Mao
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Zhao-Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - He-Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
| | - Ai-Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.-L.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.); (H.-M.L.); (Z.-J.L.); (H.-Y.G.); (Q.C.)
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Lee J, Hong S, An SA, Khim JS. Methodological advances and future directions of microalgal bioassays for evaluation of potential toxicity in environmental samples: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107869. [PMID: 36905773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal bioassays are widely applied to evaluate the potential toxicity of various persistent toxic substances in environmental samples due to multiple advantages, including high sensitivity, short test duration, and cost-effectiveness. Microalgal bioassay is gradually developing in method, and the scope of application to environmental samples is also expanding. Here, we reviewed the published literature on microalgal bioassays for environmental assessments, focusing on types of samples, sample preparation methods, and endpoints, and highlighted key scientific advancements. Bibliographic analysis was performed with the keywords 'microalgae' and 'toxicity' or 'bioassay', and 'microalgal toxicity'; 89 research articles were selected and reviewed. Traditionally, most studies implementing microalgal bioassays focused on water samples (44%) with passive samplers (38%). Studies using the direct exposure method (41%) of injecting microalgae into sampled water mainly evaluated toxic effects by growth inhibition (63%). Recently, various automated sampling techniques, in situ bioanalytical methods with multiple endpoints, and targeted and non-targeted chemical analyses have been applied. More research is needed to identify causative toxicants affecting microalgae and to quantify the cause-effect relationships. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of recent advances in microalgal bioassays performed with environmental samples, suggesting future research directions based on current understanding and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yue S, Zhang X, Liu M, Sun L, Jia X, Zhou Y. Multi-leveled insights into the response of the eelgrass Zostera marina L to Cu than Cd exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157057. [PMID: 35780896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet; seagrass colonize the coastal waters where heavy metal pollution is a serious problem. In this study, the toxic effects of copper and cadmium in the eelgrass Zostera marina L. were observed at the individual, subcellular, physiologically biochemical, and molecular levels. Both Cu and Cd stress significantly inhibited the growth and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm); and high temperature increased the degree of heavy metal damage, while low temperatures inhibited damage. The half-effect concentration (EC50) of eelgrass was 28.9 μM for Cu and 2246.8 μM for Cd, indicating Cu was much more toxic to eelgrass than Cd. The effect of Cu and Cd on photosynthesis was synergistic. After 14 days of enrichment, the concentration of Cu in leaves and roots of Z. marina was 48 and 37 times higher than that in leaf sheath, and 14 and 11 times higher than that in rhizome; and the order of Cd concentration in the organs was root > leaf > rhizome > sheath. Heavy metal uptake mainly occurred in the organelles, and Cd enrichment also occurred to a certain extent in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome results showed that a number of photosynthesis-related KEGG enrichment pathways and GO terms were significantly down-regulated under Cd stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic system of eelgrass was severely damaged at the transcriptome level, which was consistent with the significant inhibition of Fv/Fm and leaf yellowing. Under Cu stress, the genes related to glutathione metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, together with the increased autioxidant enzyme activity of GSH-PX. In addition, the results of recovery experiment indicated that the damage caused by short-term Cd and Cu stress under EC50 was reversible. These results provide heavy metal toxic effects at multiple levels and information relating to the heavy metal resistance strategies evolved by Z. marina to absorb and isolate heavy metals, and highlight the phytoremediation potential of this species especially for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Public Tech-Supporting Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoping Jia
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang S, Duo J, Wufuer R, Li W, Pan X. The Binding Ability of Mercury (Hg) to Photosystem I and II Explained the Difference in Its Toxicity on the Two Photosystems of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. TOXICS 2022; 10:455. [PMID: 36006134 PMCID: PMC9416214 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) poses high toxicity to organisms including algae. Studies showed that the growth and photosynthesis of green algae such as Chlorella are vulnerable to Hg stress. However, the differences between the activities and tolerance of photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) of green microalgae under Hg exposure are still little known. Responses of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) of PSI and PSII of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 0.05−1 mg/L Hg2+ were simultaneously measured for the first time by using the Dual-PAM-100 system. The photosystems were isolated to analyze the characteristics of toxicity of Hg during the binding process. The inhibition of Hg2+ on growth and photosystems was found. PSII was more seriously affected by Hg2+ than PSI. After Hg2+ exposure, the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] decreased with the increase in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)]. The toxic effects of Hg on the photochemical quantum yield and ETR in PSI were lower than those of PSII. The stimulation of cyclic electron yield (CEF) was essential for the stability and protection of PSI under Hg stress and played an important role in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The results showed a strong combination ability of Hg ions and photosystem particles. The number of the binding sites (n) of Hg on PSII was more than that of PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Hg on PSII and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Hai NNS, Sanderson P, Qi F, Du J, Nong NN, Bolan N, Naidu R. Effects of chelates (EDTA, EDDS, NTA) on phytoavailability of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42102-42116. [PMID: 35366209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarises a study of the application of the synthetic chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and the natural chelates ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) to enhance ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) uptake of the heavy metal(oid)s (HMs) (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from contaminated soils in mining sites. The study compares the effects of these chelates (EDTA, EDDS and NTA) on the phytoavailability of HMs (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) through the single addition and sequential addition methods. The results show that application of EDTA, EDDS and NTA significantly increases ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)'s shoot uptake of some HMs when compared with no EDTA, EDDS or NTA application, particularly through sequential chelate treatment (EDTA 0.5:1+0.5:1; NTA 0.5:1+0.5:1; EDDS 0.5:1+0.5:1). EDTA 0.5:1+0.5:1 was more effective at increasing the concentration of Pb in shoots than were the other chelates (EDDS and NTA) and controls. Moreover, the concentrations of Zn in the shoots of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Hich Village significantly increased with the application of split dose (0.5:1+0.5:1). The plants displayed symptoms of toxicity including yellow and necrotic leaves at the end of the experiment. The selected chelates (EDTA, EDDS and NTA) led to a significant decrease in plant biomass (yield) 28 days after transfer with a maximum decrease in EDTA treatment (0.5:1+0.5:1) soils. This decrease was 3.43-fold in Ha Thuong, 3-fold in Hich Village and 1.59-fold in Trai Cau, respectively, relative to the control. HM concentration and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pore water provided an explanation for why fresh weight was significantly reduced with application of chelates in sequential dose (EDTA 0.5:1+0.5:1 and NTA 0.5:1+0.5:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Son Hai
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jianhua Du
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Nong
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), Newcastle, Australia
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Gautam S, Landi M, Kandhol N, Araniti F, Ramakrishnan M, Satish L, Singh VP, Sharma P, Bhardwaj R, Tripathi DK, Zheng B. Heavy metal induced regulation of plant biology: Recent insights. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13688. [PMID: 35470470 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human civilisation, heavy metal use and its contamination to all living systems on earth have significantly increased due to human anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, which directly or indirectly impact photosynthesis, antioxidant system, mineral nutrition status, phytohormones and amino acid-derived molecules. Due to the toxic behaviour of some heavy metals, the endogenous status of chemical messengers like phytohormones may get significantly influenced, leading to harmful impacts on plant growth, development and overall yield of the plants. It has been noticed that exogenous application of phytohormones, that is, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins can positively regulate the heavy metal toxicity in plants through the regulation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, nitrogen metabolism, proline metabolisms, transpiration rate, and cell division. Furthermore, it may also restrict the entry of heavy metals into the plant cells, which aids in the recovery of plant growth and productivity. Besides these, some defence molecules also assist the plant in dealing with heavy metal toxicity. Therefore, the present review aims to bridge the knowledge gap in this context and present outstanding discoveries related to plant life supportive processes during stressful conditions including phytohormones and heavy metal crosstalk along with suggestions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shristy Gautam
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Statale di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Physiological Aspects of Absorption, Translocation, and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Silphium perfoliatum L. Plants Grown in a Mining-Contaminated Soil. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals as a result of mining activities is increasingly taking place. Once accumulated in soil, the heavy metals can then be dispersed, with serious effects on the environment and human health. It is therefore necessary to minimize, or even remove, all heavy metals from polluted areas, and one of the environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to do so is phytoremediation. A greenhouse pots experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of Silphium perfoliatum L. plants, in the vegetative growth stages, on a soil polluted with Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb, taken from a former mining area compared to an unpolluted soil (Us). The initial heavy metal content of polluted soil (Ps) was 208.3 mg kg−1 Cu; 312.5 mg kg−1 Zn; 186.5 mg kg−1 Cr and 195.2 mg kg−1 Pb. This shows that for Cu and Pb, soil concentrations exceed the intervention threshold, and for Zn and Cr, they are above the alert threshold. The removal efficiency, bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, metal uptake and contamination factor index of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb by S. perfoliatum L. were quantified to determine the bioremediation success. The data show that plants grown in Ps accumulated a significantly higher amount of Cu by 189% and Zn by 37.95% compared to Us. The Cr and Pb content of the plants recorded a progressive and significant increase from one developmental stage to another, being more intense between three and five leaves.
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10
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Liu Y, Liu X, Sun J. Response of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Dissolved Organic Matter for Marine Diatom Skeletonema dohrnii under Stress from Penicillin and Zn 2. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2684. [PMID: 34961155 PMCID: PMC8708301 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletonema dohrnii is a good model diatom for studying environmental stress and has promising applications and prospects in various fields. Antibiotics and heavy metals are commonly exceeded in the nearshore marine habitats. In this work, we investigated the effects of an antibiotic (penicillin, 2 µg/L) and a heavy metal ion (Zn2+, 10 µmol/L) stress on marine diatom S. dohrnii, mainly using excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) fluorescence methods and OJIP test. Results indicated that algal cells grown with the antibiotic showed higher biomass, specific growth rate, doubling time, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll fluorescence variables. Moreover, excess zinc had negative effects on S. dohrnii. We found that zinc not only inhibited the relative photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency but also reduced the Chl a content, which ultimately affected algal growth and organic matter production. In addition, the combined effect of penicillin and Zn2+ further affected the physiological state of S. dohrnii. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics of the four cultures were also different, including fluorescence indices (fluorescence index, biological index, β/α, and humification index) and fluorescence peaks (peaks A, C, M and T). In brief, characterization of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and DOM-related variables are important for understanding the effects of environmental stress on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China;
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11
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Potential Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Secondary Metabolites of Nostoc linckia Cultivated under Zn and Cu Stress Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to determine the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Nostoc linckia extracts cultivated under heavy metal stress conditions (0.44, 0.88, and 1.76 mg/L for zinc and 0.158, 0.316, 0.632 mg/L for copper). Phycobiliprotein, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins were measured. Active ingredients of extracts were evaluated by GC-mass spectroscopy. The obtained results revealed that higher zinc and copper concentrations showed growth inhibition while 0.22 mg/L (Zn) and 0.079 mg/L (Cu) enhanced growth, reaching its maximum on the 25th day. Increases in catalase, lipids peroxidation, and antioxidants, as well as tannins and flavonoids, have been induced by integration of 0.88 mg/L (Zn) and 0.316 mg/L (Cu). Elevation of Zn concentration induced augmentation of antioxidant activity of crude extract (DPPH or ABTS), with superior activity at 0.44 mg/L zinc concentration (81.22%). The anticancer activity of Nostoc linckia extract (0.44 mg/L Zn) tested against four cancer cell lines: A549, Hela, HCT 116, and MCF-7. The extract at 500 µg/mL appeared the lowest cell viability of tested cell lines. The promising extract (0.44 mg/L Zn) recorded the lowest cell viability of 25.57% in cervical cell line, 29.74% in breast cell line, 33.10% in lung cell line and 34.53% in the colon cell line. The antioxidant active extract showed significant stability against pH with attributed increase in antioxidant activity in the range between 8–12. The extract can be used effectively as a natural antioxidant and anticancer after progressive testing.
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12
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Todorenko D, Volgusheva A, Timofeev N, Kovalenko I, Matorin D, Antal T. Multiple in vivo Effects of Cadmium on Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Pea Plants. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1516-1526. [PMID: 34129699 DOI: 10.1111/php.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of cadmium (CdSO4 ) on the primary photosynthetic processes were studied in vivo in Pisum sativum by using Multi-function Plant Efficiency Analyser (M-PEA-2). Photosynthetic parameters related to photosystem (PS) II, PS I and intersystem electron carriers were calculated from the light-induced kinetics of prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP transient), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and 820 nm modulated reflection (MR). Low-dose exposure to cadmium (20 μm CdSO4 for 48 h) reduced probability of electron transfer from plastoquinones to the terminal electron acceptors of PSI (δRo ) accompanied by a decrease in the rate of P700 + and PC reduction (Vred ) and the magnitude of the I2 step on the DF kinetics. Electron transport through PSI remained unaltered. The obtained results allowed us to propose existence of the potential site of inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow by cadmium between PSII and PSI. We propose to use parameters δRo , Vred , and I2 /I1 as sensitive indicators of an early contamination by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Todorenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nyurgun Timofeev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Matorin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia
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13
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Singh S, Lal MM, Southgate PC, Wairiu M, Singh A. Trace metal content in sediment cores and seagrass biomass from a tropical southwest Pacific Island. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112745. [PMID: 34325150 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A unique feature of seagrass among other ecosystem services is to have high phytoremediation potential that is a cost-effective plant-based approach and environmentally friendly solution for metal contamination in coastal areas. The goal of this study was to assess the phytoremediation prospective of seagrass for Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in Fiji Islands. Heavy metal content was measured in sediments and tissues of the seagrasses Halophila ovalis, Halodule pinifolia and Halodule uninervis to test for local-scale differences. The local study shows that metal concentration in sediment and seagrass tissue was significantly variable, regardless of species and sediment type. Sedimentary concentration of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn obtained in the present study seemed to be lower than that of previous studies. The results support that H. ovalis is a good bioindicator species since it accumulated up to 5-fold more of these metals compared to the Halodule species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Lower Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Nausori, Fiji.
| | - Monal M Lal
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia; Division of Marine Studies, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Lower Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Paul C Southgate
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Morgan Wairiu
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Lower Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Awnesh Singh
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Lower Laucala Campus, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
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14
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Żurek G, Wiewióra B, Rybka K, Prokopiuk K. Different response of perennial ryegrass-Epichloë endophyte symbiota to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in soil. J Appl Genet 2021; 63:47-59. [PMID: 34546560 PMCID: PMC8755660 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses as well as on the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metal (HM) ions from soil. The influence of Epichloë fungal endophyte (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in the presence of elevated concentrations of HM ions (Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+) in soil was studied. The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in different accumulation of HM ions in the aboveground parts of the plants. In some cases, endophyte infection positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions from soil. In plants with (E +) and without (E -) endophytes, the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of HM accumulation, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiewióra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Rybka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Kamil Prokopiuk
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
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15
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Wu G, Cheng J, Wei J, Huang J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Growth and photosynthetic responses of Ochromonas gloeopara to cadmium stress and its capacity to remove cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116496. [PMID: 33484999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the predominant anthropogenic pollutants in aquatic systems. As Cd has negative effects on species at all trophic levels, the community composition in aquatic habitats can be changed as a result of Cd stress. The response of mixotrophic protists to environmental stressors is particularly important as they act as both producers and consumers in complex planktonic communities. In this study, we used mixotrophic Ochromonas gloeopara to study its growth and photosynthetic responses to Cd, and specially focused on the effects of initial Cd concentrations and nutrient levels on its capacity to remove Cd. Results showed that when Cd concentration reached 0.5 mg L-1, the growth rate and carrying capacity were significantly inhibited, whereas the photosynthesis was markedly decreased when Cd concentration reached 0.15 mg L-1. Moreover, under Cd concentration 0.15, 0.5, 0.9, 1.6, and 2.0 mg L-1, the removal efficiencies of Cd by O. gloeopara were 83.2%, 77.7%, 74.6%, 70.1%, and 68.8%, respectively. The increase of nitrogen did not cause significant effect on the removal capacity of Cd by O. gloeopara, but increased concentration of phosphorus significantly enhanced the removal capacity of Cd. Our findings indicated that the mixotrophic O. gloeopara has strong tolerance and capacity to remove Cd, and increasing concentration of phosphorus can increase its removal capacity, suggesting that O. gloeopara has great potential application value in mitigating Cd pollution in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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16
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Genome-Wide Identification of Copper Stress-Regulated and Novel MicroRNAs in Mulberry Leaf. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:589-603. [PMID: 33389282 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for plant growth and development. It is widely involved in respiration, photosynthesis, pollen formation, and other biological processes. Therefore, low or excessive copper causes damage to plants. Mulberry is an essential perennial economic tree. At present, research on the abiotic stress responses in mulberry is mainly focused on the identification of resistant germplasm resources and cloning of resistant genes. In contrast, studies on the resistance function of microRNAs and the regulatory gene responses to stress are rare. In this study, small RNA libraries (control and copper stressed) were constructed from mulberry leaf RNA. High-throughput sequencing and screening were employed, a total of 65 known miRNAs and 78 predicted novel mature miRNAs were identified, among which 40 miRNAs were differentially expressed under copper stress. Subsequently, expression patterns were verified for 14 miRNAs by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). The target genes of miRNAs were validated by 5' RLM-RACE. Our results provide the bases for further study on the molecular mechanism of copper stress regulation in mulberry.
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17
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Rehman AU, Nazir S, Irshad R, Tahir K, ur Rehman K, Islam RU, Wahab Z. Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Nasir Khan M, Corpas FJ, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Kalaji HM, Ahmad P. Melatonin and calcium function synergistically to promote the resilience through ROS metabolism under arsenic-induced stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122882. [PMID: 32516727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between melatonin (Mel) and calcium (Ca2+) in enhancing tolerance to metalloid toxicity and underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms of this relationship still remains unknown. The present study reveals that the signaling molecules Mel and/or Ca2+ enhanced tolerance of Vicia faba (cv. Tara) plant to metalloid arsenic (As) toxicity. However, a combination of Mel and Ca2+ was more efficient than alone. Plants grew with As exhibited enhanced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation together with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzymes, such as NADPH oxidase and glycolate oxidase (GOX). On the contrary, an inhibition in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration) was observed. Under As toxicity conditions, the application of Mel and Ca2+ synergistically suppressed the plants' program cell death features (nucleus condensation and nucleus fragmentation) in guard cells of stomata, DNA damage, and formation of ROS in guard cells, leaves and roots. Moreover, it enhanced gas exchange parameters and activity of enzymes involved in photosynthesis process (carbonic anhydrase and RuBisco), Chl biosynthesis (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase), and decreased activity of Chl degrading enzyme (chlorophyllase) under As toxicity conditions. Our investigation evidently established that expression of ATP synthase, Ca2+-ATPase, Ca2+-DPKase, Hsp17.6 and Hsp40 was found maximum in the plants treated with Mel + Ca2+, resulting in higher tolerance of plants to As stress. Also, increased total soluble carbohydrates, cysteine, and Pro accumulation with increased Pro synthesizing enzyme (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreased Pro degrading enzyme (proline dehydrogenase) in Mel + Ca2+ treated plants conferred As toxicity tolerance. The obtained results postulate strong evidence that the application of Mel along with Ca2+ enhances resilience against As toxicity by upregulating the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, enzymes involved in antioxidant system, and ascorbate-glutathione pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang T, Yang Q, Gao H, Cheng H, Jin H, Wang Y, Qi Z. Arabidopsis thaliana branching enzyme 1 is essential for amylopectin biosynthesis and cesium tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 252:153208. [PMID: 32688166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana BRANCHING ENZYME 1 (AtBE1) is a chloroplast-localized embryo-lethal gene previously identified in knockout mutants. AtBE1 is thought to function in carbohydrate metabolism; however, this has not been experimentally demonstrated. Chlorosis is a typical symptom of cesium (Cs) toxicity in plants. The genetic target of Cs toxicity is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a Cs+-tolerant and chlorophyll-defective Arabidopsis ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant, atbe1-5. Mapping by sequencing and genetic complementation confirmed that a single amino acid change (P749S) in a random coil motif of AtBE1 confers the mutant's Cs+-tolerant and chlorophyll-defective phenotype. An isothermal titration calorimetry assay determined that the 749th residue is the Cs+-binding site and hence likely the target of Cs+ toxicity. We hypothesized that binding of Cs+ to the 749th residue of AtBE1 inhibits the enzyme's activity and confers Cs+ toxicity, which in turn reduces photosynthetic efficiency. In support with this hypothesis, atbe1-5 leaves have a reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and their amylose and amylopectin contents are ∼60 % and ∼1%, respectively, of those in Col-0 ecotype leaves. Leaves of the mutant have a lower sucrose, but higher maltose, concentration than those of Col-0. This study demonstrated that AtBE1 is an essential gene for amylopectin and amylose biosynthesis, as well as the target of Cs+ toxicity; therefore, it can serve as a genetic locus for engineering plants to extract Cs+ from contaminated soil while maintaining growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Hairong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Huiqing Jin
- Research Centre for Horticultural Science and Technology of Hohhot, Hohhot, 010020, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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20
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Accumulation of Airborne Toxic Elements and Photosynthetic Performance of Lolium multiflorum L. Leaves. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the accumulation of airborne trace elements in Lolium multiflorum leaves concerning photosynthetic activity parameters. Five sites for four 28-day series of plant exposition were selected. The concentration of trace elements in leaves was measured after each series, while photosynthetic activity parameters were measured three times during each series. Net photosynthesis rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (gs) were mostly negatively associated with all analyzed trace elements, unlike to CO2 concentrations (Ci). Arsenic was found with opposite trend in two exposure series. The high accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants recorded at two sites was mostly related to lowest PN and gs. Similar tendency for PN was found at sites and series with the highest Cr and Ni content in plants. L. multiflorum revealed a medium-level accumulation of trace elements and a low tolerance of the photosynthetic process to the presence of trace elements in ambient air.
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21
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Affholder MC, Laffont-Schwob I, Coulomb B, Rabier J, Borla A, Boudenne JL, Demelas C, Prudent P. Implication of phytometabolites on metal tolerance of the pseudo-metallophyte -Rosmarinus officinalis- in a Mediterranean brownfield. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126159. [PMID: 32087451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the trace metal and metalloid (TMM) accumulation in Rosmarinus officinalis L. and its chemical responses when exposed to high levels of contamination. R. officinalis individuals growing along a gradient of mixed TMM soil pollution, resulting from past industrial activities, were analysed. Several plant secondary metabolites, known to be involved in plant tolerance to TMM or as a plant health indicator, were investigated. The levels of thiol compounds and phytochelatin precursors (cysteine and glutathione) in the shoots were measured in the laboratory, while a portable non-destructive instrument was used to determine the level of phenolic compounds and chlorophylls directly on site. The level of Pb, As, Sb and Zn contaminations within the soil and plants was also determined. The results highlighted a decrease of TMM translocation with increases of soil contamination. The concentration of TMM in the shoots followed the Mitscherlich equation and reached a plateau at 0.41, 7.9, 0.37, 51.3 mg kg-1 for As, Pb, Sb and Zn, respectively. In the shoots, the levels of thiols and phenols were correlated to concentrations of TMM. Glutathione seems to be the main thiol compounds involved in the tolerance to As, Pb and Sb. Phenols indices, using non-destructive measurements, may be considered as an easy way to establish a proxy to estimate the TMM contamination level of the R. officinalis shoots. The study highlights metabolic processes that contribute to the high potential of R. officinalis for phytostabilisation of TMM in contaminated areas in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, IRD 151, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, UMR, 7263/ IRD 237, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Coulomb
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR, 7376, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Rabier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, UMR, 7263/ IRD 237, Marseille, France
| | - Andreea Borla
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, IRD 151, Marseille, France
| | | | - Carine Demelas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, UMR, 7376, Marseille, France
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22
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Oliveira BRM, de Almeida AAF, Pirovani CP, Barroso JP, de C Neto CH, Santos NA, Ahnert D, Baligar VC, Mangabeira PAO. Mitigation of Cd toxicity by Mn in young plants of cacao, evaluated by the proteomic profiles of leaves and roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:340-358. [PMID: 32107699 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a non-essential metal and highly toxic to plants, animals and humans, even at very low concentrations. Cd has been found in cocoa beans and in their products, as in the case of chocolate. Mn plays an important role in photosynthetic and can interact with Cd and attenuate its toxic effects on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanisms of Mn response in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in young plants of the CCN 51 cacao genotype submitted to 0.8 mmol Cd kg-1, 1.6 mmol Mn kg-1 or the combination of 0.4 mmol Cd kg-1 + 0.8 mmol Mn kg-1 soil, together with the control treatment (without addition of Cd and Mn in soil), by means of analysis of changes in the profile of exclusive proteins (EP) and differentially accumulated proteins (DAP). Leaf and root proteins were extracted and quantified from the different treatments, followed by proteomic analysis. About eight DAP and 38 EP were identified in leaves, whereas in roots 43 DAP and 21 EP were identified. Some important proteins induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd + Mn or vice versa, were ATPases, isoflavone reductase, proteasome and chaperonin. It was concluded that proteins involved in oxidoreduction and defense and stress response processes, in addition to other processes, were induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd + Mn. This demonstrated that Mn was able to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd on young plants of the CCN 51 cocoa genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rafaela Machado Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Joedson P Barroso
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos H de C Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Nayara A Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Dário Ahnert
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Viropax C Baligar
- USDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Antonio O Mangabeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
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Lapie C, Sterckeman T, Paris C, Leglize P. Impact of phenanthrene on primary metabolite profiling in root exudates and maize mucilage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3124-3142. [PMID: 31838686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the composition of rhizodeposits. Maize was submitted to increasing phenanthrene (PHE) concentrations in the substrate (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg PHE.kg-1 of dry sand). After 6 weeks of cultivation, two types of rhizodeposit solution were collected. The first one, called rhizospheric sand extract, resulted from the extraction of root adhering sand in order to collect mucilage and associated compounds. The second one, the diffusate solution, was collected by the diffusion of exudates from roots soaked in water. The impact of phenanthrene on maize morphology and functioning was measured prior to the analysis of the main components of the rhizodeposit solutions, by measuring total carbon, protein, amino acid, and sugars as well as by determining about 40 compounds using GC-MS and LC-MS. As maize exposure to PHE increased, different trends were observed in the two rhizodeposit solutions. In the diffusate solution, we measured a global increase of metabolites exudation like carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins except for some monoglycerides and organic acids which exudation decreased in the presence of PHE. In the rhizospheric sand extract, we witnessed a decrease in carbohydrates and amino acids secretion as well as in fatty and organic acids when plants were exposed to PHE. Many of the compounds measured, like organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, or fatty acids, could directly or indirectly drive PAHs availability in soils with particular consequences for their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Lapie
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Paris
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Plateau d'Analyse Structurale et Métabolomique, SF4242, EFABA, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Leglize
- Inrae, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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Shah Mohammadi N, Buapet P, Pernice M, Signal B, Kahlke T, Hardke L, Ralph PJ. Transcriptome profiling analysis of the seagrass, Zostera muelleri under copper stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110556. [PMID: 31546108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) in an essential trace metal but it can also contaminate coastal waters at high concentrations mainly from agricultural run-off and mining activities which are detrimental to marine organisms including seagrasses. The molecular mechanisms driving Cu toxicity in seagrasses are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the molecular responses of the Australian seagrass, Z. muelleri at the whole transcriptomic level after 7 days of exposure to 250 μg Cu L-1 and 500 μg Cu L-1. The leaf-specific whole transcriptome results showed a concentration-dependent disturbance in chloroplast function, regulatory stress responses and defense mechanisms. This study provided new insights into the responses of seagrasses to trace metal stress and reports possible candidate genes which can be considered as biomarkers to improve conservation and management of seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Shah Mohammadi
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pimchanok Buapet
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Bethany Signal
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Leo Hardke
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Climate Change Cluster (C3), Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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25
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Ajitha V, Sreevidya CP, Kim JH, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Lee JS, Puthumana J. Effect of metals of treated electroplating industrial effluents on antioxidant defense system in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105317. [PMID: 31670168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella vulgaris is one of the prominent and most widely distributed green microalgae found in aquatic environments, often used in toxicity tests due to its sensitivity to various pollutants. To examine the toxicity of metals found in the effluent discharges from an electroplating industry, physicochemical parameters in the microalga C. vulgaris were measured. pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, color, and the concentrations of metals such as chromium (1.97 mg/L), mercury (104.2 mg/L), and zinc (167.25 mg/L) were found exceeding the permissible limits. Several endpoints such as total protein content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were measured in C. vulgaris in response to treated electroplating industrial effluent (TEPIE). In addition, concentration-dependent morphological changes were also observed in response to TEPIE. Under both acute and chronic TEPIE exposure, increase in the ROS level was observed indicating increased production of ROS in C. vulgaris cells. The total protein and chlorophyll contents were found to be gradually decreasing in an effluent concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, lower concentrations of effluent stimulated the antioxidant enzyme systems. A concentration-dependent increase was observed in both SOD and CAT enzymatic activities. The results indicated toxic impairments by the effluent on the function of C. vulgaris in response to both acute and chronic exposure, indicating an urgent need of proper treatment processes/modification of the existing one of TEPIE, with continuous monitoring of the discharge of the pollutants into the aquatic ecosystems using biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vayampully Ajitha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India; School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-22, Kerala, India
| | - C P Sreevidya
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - A Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India.
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Lee G, Suonan Z, Kim SH, Hwang DW, Lee KS. Heavy metal accumulation and phytoremediation potential by transplants of the seagrass Zostera marina in the polluted bay systems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110509. [PMID: 31421565 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although seagrasses can incorporate heavy metals from the marine environment, few studies have been conducted on heavy metal uptake and phytoremediation potential by seagrass transplants in the heavy metal contaminated sediments. Zostera marina shoots were transplanted in two polluted bay systems on Korean coasts to evaluate the heavy metal contaminations in sediments and the possibility of using Z. marina transplants as a bioindicator and phytoremediation agent. The major concentrated metals in sediments were As, Cu, Fe, and Pb in Jaran Bay, and Cd, Co, Zn, and Hg in Onsan Bay. The Co, Zn, Pb, and Hg concentrations in Z. marina tissues reflected the sediment heavy metal concentrations, and thus the tissue heavy metal concentrations may be used as bio-indicators of the metal contaminations. Since Z. marina transplants accumulated a great amount of heavy metals in their tissues, they may have the phytoremediation potential for the heavy metal contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Hwang
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Todorenko D, Timofeev N, Kovalenko I, Kukarskikh G, Matorin D, Antal T. Chromium effects on photosynthetic electron transport in pea (Pisum sativum L.). PLANTA 2019; 251:11. [PMID: 31776673 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves under in vivo conditions showed the following sensitivity to the inhibitory action of chromium(VI): intersystem electron transport > photosystem I > photosystem II. Inhibitory effects of chromium (VI) (K2Cr2O7, Cr) on the light reactions of photosynthesis were studied in vivo in Pisum sativum L. by using Multi-function Plant Efficiency Analyser (M-PEA-2). Photosynthetic parameters related to photosystem (PS) II, PSI and intersystem electron carriers were calculated from the light-induced kinetics of prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP transient), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and 820 nm modulated reflection (MR). We showed that the I2 step of DF induction is sensitive to inhibition of the Q0 site of the cytochrome b6f complex. Such parameters as δRo of the JIP test related to the functional state of photosynthetic reactions beyond the PQ pool, Vred of the MR induction assigned to the overall rate of P700+ and plastocyanin reduction, and I2 step of the DF induction were significantly altered in the presence of low-dose Cr(VI). Moderate doses of Cr affected mainly PSI-related parameters including Vox and ΔMR parameters of the MR induction, whereas high-dose treatment influenced JIP test parameters φPo(= FV/FM) and ψEo related to PSII. The obtained results showed that the earliest Cr(VI) effect on the photosynthetic electron transport chain manifests itself by inhibition of the intersystem electron transport, rather, at the level of the cytochrome b6f complex. Inhibitory effects of Cr on PSI were more pronounced than those on PSII. Sensitivity of the used kinetic parameters toward the functional state of photosynthetic reactions makes this approach suitable for early diagnostics of toxic action of pollutants on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Todorenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nyurgun Timofeev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Galina Kukarskikh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Matorin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Taras Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Pskov State University, Pskov, 180000, Russia.
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Effects of Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 on immobilization of Hg in soil and accumulation of Hg in cultivated plant. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1343-1354. [PMID: 31583497 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The available content of mercury (Hg) in farmland soil is directly related to the safety of agricultural products. Meanwhile, humans may accumulate high concentrations of Hg through the food chain, resulting in health damage. Regarding the remediation technologies of Hg-contaminated soil, research and development is mainly concentrated on the immobilisation of Hg in soil and efficient extraction by accumulators. Therefore, in this work, the highly Hg-tolerant strain Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 was used to study the removal effect of Hg in a solution, immobilization effect of Hg in soil, and its effect on growth, Hg accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics of Brassica campestris L. RESULTS KL28 could effectively remove Hg2+ in the solution, with the removal ratio of 96.0% at 24 h. This strain could reduce decreases in shoots' and roots' dry weights by 31% and 16%, respectively, at a Hg concentration of 20 mg/L. The available Hg in the soil decreased to 4.7-9.4% in 8 days treated with KL28 bacterial solution at a dosage of 100 L/hm2. Meanwhile, with increases in Hg concentrations, Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(I) and Y(NPQ) in the leaves of B. campestris showed a downward trend while Y(ND) and Y(NO) displayed an upward trend. Under the stress of 20 mg/L Hg2+, KL28 could reduce the Fv/Fm from 11.2 to 6.1%. CONCLUSIONS KL28 could effectively remove Hg in the solution, immobilize Hg in soil, promote growth, decrease Hg accumulation and affect photosynthetic characteristics of B. campestris, indicating its potential use in Hg contaminated soils.
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Lead-Induced Changes in Fluorescence and Spectral Characteristics of Pea Leaves. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can provide useful indications of photosynthetic performance in vivo. Coupling appropriate fluorescence measurements with other noninvasive techniques, such as absorption spectroscopy or gas exchange, can provide insights into the limitations to photosynthesis under given conditions. Chlorophyll content is one of the dominant factors influencing the conditions of a vegetation growing season, and can be tested using both fluorescence and remote sensing methods. Hyperspectral remote sensing and recording the narrow range of the spectrum can be used to accurately analyze the parameters and properties of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of lead ions (Pb, 5 mM Pb(NO3)2) on the growth of pea plants using spectral properties. Hyperspectral remote sensing and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were used to assess the physiological state of plants seedlings treated by lead ions during the experiment. The plants were growing in hydroponic cultures supplemented with Pb ions under various conditions (control, complete Knop + phosphorus (+P); complete Knop + phosphorus (+P) + Pb; Knop (-P) + Pb, distilled water + Pb) affecting lead uptake via the root system. Spectrometric measurements allowed us to calculate the remote sensing indices of vegetation, which were compared with chlorophyll and carotenoids content and fluorescence parameters. The lead contents in the leaves, roots, and stems were also analyzed. Spectral characteristics and vegetation properties were analyzed using statistical tests. We conclude that: (1) pea seedlings grown in complete Knop (with P) and in the presence of Pb ions were spectrally similar to the control plants because lead was not transported to the shoots of plants; (2) lead most influenced plants that were grown in water, according to the highest lead content in the leaves; and (3) the effects of lead on plant growth were confirmed by remote sensing indices, whereas fluorescence parameters identified physiological changes induced by Pb ions in the plants.
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Zhuang W, Ying SC, Frie AL, Wang Q, Song J, Liu Y, Chen Q, Lai X. Distribution, pollution status, and source apportionment of trace metals in lake sediments under the influence of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:108-118. [PMID: 30928740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to combat the threat of drought, China constructed the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), the biggest water transfer project in terms of volume with the largest beneficiary population in the world. Reports have shown that massive water diversion projects have had detrimental environmental consequences including water quality decline and freshwater habitat degradation. However, few reports have assessed the impact of the transfer project on sediment quality, which is highly susceptible to allogenic and local anthropogenic pollution. We examined the distribution characteristics of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediment of the largest reservoir along the East Route of SNWTP, Nansihu Lake, followed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to determine their potential sources. We utilized enrichment factor, multiple sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and potential ecological risk index (RI) to determine metal accumulation or pollution risk. The results show the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn were slightly lower than in samples collected in 2003, 2010 and 2012, while the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni were significantly higher than samples from previous years. Among the six metals, Cr, Cu and Ni are of higher ecological risk according to SQGs; but Cd is of higher ecological risk according to RI. PMF analysis shows that industrial production and shipping are important sources of Cr, Cu, and Ni. PMF analysis also shows that a considerable amount of trace metals, especially Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn, mainly comes from the use of pesticide fertilizers and biomass sources in farmland, and may partly enter Nansihu Lake from SNWTP. This study reveals the possible sources of trace metals to the Nansihu Lake which is part of SNWTP; the results of the study may serve as a reference for better understanding the impact of future water diversion projects on metals distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Alexander L Frie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Phosphorous Resources, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhai, Hubei 430073, China
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Du J, Qiu B, Pedrosa Gomes M, Juneau P, Dai G. Influence of light intensity on cadmium uptake and toxicity in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:163-172. [PMID: 30991162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cadmium toxicity to cyanobacterial photosynthesis have been extensively studied, but the response mechanisms to combinations of different cadmium concentrations and different light intensities are not yet well understood. The two principal objectives of the present work were to: 1) study the short term (5 h) toxic effects of cadmium on Synechocystis PCC6803 under three different culturing light intensity conditions; and, 2) investigate the effects of light history on Cd toxicity to Synechocystis. The maximal (ФM) and operational (Ф'M) photosystem II quantum yields, photosystem I quantum yield [Y (I)], cyclic electron flow, relative photochemical quenching (qPrel), relative non-photochemical quenching (qNrel), relative unquenched fluorescence (UQFrel), pigment contents, and cadmium uptake were evaluated when Synechocystis cells were treated with cadmium for 5 h under three different light conditions. We demonstrated that cadmium toxicity was enhanced with increasing growth light intensities due to increased cadmium uptake under higher light exposures, and the photoprotective mechanisms could not cope with cadmium and light stress under high light conditions. We also investigated Cd toxicity to Synechocystis adapted to three growth light intensities and subsequently shifted to different light intensity conditions to compare the effects of light regime shift on cadmium toxicity. We observed increased cadmium toxicity when the cells were transferred from low light to high light conditions. Interestingly, Synechocystis cells grown at high light intensities were more tolerant to cadmium than cells grown at low light intensities after the same light regime shift, due to the development of photoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Baosheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Departement des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Guozheng Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China.
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Xie Y, Li X, Huang X, Han S, Amombo E, Wassie M, Chen L, Fu J. Characterization of the Cd-resistant fungus Aspergillus aculeatus and its potential for increasing the antioxidant activity and photosynthetic efficiency of rice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:373-381. [PMID: 30616154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence exists that microorganisms play a significant role in the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Aspergillus aculeatus (A. aculeatus) isolated from Cd-polluted soil has been shown to increase the tolerance of turfgrasses to Cd stress. In this study, we assessed the tolerance, biosorption capacity for Cd and surface characteristics of this fungus and investigated the effect of plant inoculation with A. aculeatus on the lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activities and photosynthetic rates in rice cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of A. aculeatus was 46.8% at a Cd concentration of 10 mg L-1. The A. aculeatus strains had the capacity to produce indole acetic acid, siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and to solubilize phosphate. The O2- accumulation and the amount of MDA in rice roots inoculated with A. aculeatus were significantly lower than those in uninoculated plants. Nevertheless, no decrease in leaf ROS accumulation and photosynthetic activity was observed between the inoculated and uninoculated plants. Inoculation with A. aculeatus contained more of the ROS-scavenging metabolite GSH, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, and higher antioxidative enzyme (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities, possibly explaining the lower ROS concentrations observed in inoculated roots in the presence of Cd. These results suggest that application of A. aculeatus has the potential to protect crops against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shijuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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Chaudhary E, Sharma P. Chromium and cadmium removal from wastewater using duckweed - Lemna gibba L. and ultrastructural deformation due to metal toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:279-286. [PMID: 30698020 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1522614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation potential of Lemna gibba was evaluated for chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) under laboratory conditions for variable metal load of 1 mg/l, 3 mg/l, 5mgl, 7 mg/l and 9 mg/l, respectively, for 7 and 15 days of treatment period. Effects of both metals on structural attributes of L. gibba were also analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study. The metal removal percentage by L. gibba for Cr metal was found in the range of 37.3% to 98.6% and for cadmium it was found within the range of 81.6% to 94.6%. Bio concentration factor (BCF) of L .gibba was observed within the range of 37 to 295 for Cr metal and for Cd metal it ranged from 237 to 1144, which shows that the plant is a hyper accumulator for Cd metal and moderate accumulator for Cr metal. Statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA) was performed on experimental results to confirm the individual effect of metal concentration and treatment period as well as cumulative effect of both factors together on percentage metal removal and on BCF. Research studies indicated that with the progress of treatment period metal removal percentage increases but increasing metal load during experiment negatively co-relates the metal removal percentage and BCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Chaudhary
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engg , Guru Jambheshwer University of Sciences & Technology , Hisar , Haryana , India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- a Department of Environmental Sciences & Engg , Guru Jambheshwer University of Sciences & Technology , Hisar , Haryana , India
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Differential transcriptional responses of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the marine green alga Tetraselmis suecica exposed to redox and non-redox active metals. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1167-1179. [PMID: 30649658 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The green microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and aquacultural purposes because of its high stress tolerance and ease of culture in wide spectrums of environments. We hypothesized that carotenoids help to protect Tetraselmis cells from environmental stress by regulating genes in biosynthetic pathways. Here, we determined three major carotenogenic genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and β-lycopene cyclase (LCY-B) in T. suecica, and examined the physiological parameters and gene expression responses when exposed to redox-active metals and non-redox-active metals. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene indicated that T. suecica clustered well with other green algae. Real-time PCR analysis showed that TsPSY, TsPDS, and TsLCY-B genes greatly responded to the redox-active metals in CuSO4 followed by CuCl2, but not to the non-redox-active metals. The redox-active metals strongly affected the physiology of the cells, as determined by cell counting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging, and photosynthetic efficiency. This suggests that carotenoids protect the cells from oxidative damage caused by metals, thereby contributing to cell survival under various stress conditions.
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Szopiński M, Sitko K, Gieroń Ż, Rusinowski S, Corso M, Hermans C, Verbruggen N, Małkowski E. Toxic Effects of Cd and Zn on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of the Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa Pseudo-Metallophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:748. [PMID: 31244873 PMCID: PMC6563759 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance of Trace Metal Elements (TME) like Cd and Zn are highly variable in pseudo-metallophytes species. In this study we compared the impact of high Cd or Zn concentration on the photosynthetic apparatus of the Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis halleri pseudo-metallophytes growing on the same contaminated site in Piekary Slaskie in southern Poland. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 6 weeks, and then treated with 1.0 mM Cd or 5.0 mM Zn for 5 days. Chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigment content were measured after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days in plants grown in control and exposed to Cd or Zn treatments. Moreover, the effect of TME excess on the level of oxidative stress and gas-exchange parameters were investigated. In both plant species, exposure to high Cd or Zn induced a decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in anthocyanin contents in leaves compared to the control condition. After 5 days Cd treatment, energy absorbance, trapped energy flux and the percentage of active reaction centers decreased in both species. However, the dissipated energy flux in the leaves of A. arenosa was smaller than in A. halleri. Zn treatment had more toxic effect than Cd on electron transport in A. halleri compared with A. arenosa. A. arenosa plants treated with Zn excess did not react as strongly as in the Cd treatment and a decrease only in electron transport flux and percentage of active reaction centers compared with control was observed. The two species showed contrasting Cd and Zn accumulation. Cd concentration was almost 3-fold higher in A. arenosa leaves than in A. halleri. On the opposite, A. halleri leaves contained 3-fold higher Zn concentration than A. arenosa. In short, our results showed that the two Arabidopsis metallicolous populations are resistant to high Cd or Zn concentration, however, the photosynthetic apparatus responded differently to the toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szopiński
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Szopiński
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Żaneta Gieroń
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Massimiliano Corso
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Hermans
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugeniusz Małkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Eugeniusz Małkowski
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Tang L, Luo WJ, He ZL, Gurajala HK, Hamid Y, Khan KY, Yang XE. Variations in cadmium and nitrate co-accumulation among water spinach genotypes and implications for screening safe genotypes for human consumption. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:147-158. [PMID: 29405042 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables are important constituents of the human diet. Heavy metals and nitrate are among the major contaminants of vegetables. Consumption of vegetables and fruits with accumulated heavy metals and nitrate has the potential to damage different body organs leading to unwanted effects. Breeding vegetables with low heavy metal and nitrate contaminants is a cost-effective approach. We investigated 38 water spinach genotypes for low Cd and nitrate co-accumulation. Four genotypes, i.e. JXDY, GZQL, XGDB, and B888, were found to have low co-accumulation of Cd (<0.71 mg/kg dry weight) and nitrate (<3100 mg/kg fresh weight) in the edible parts when grown in soils with moderate contamination of both Cd (1.10 mg/kg) and nitrate (235.2 mg/kg). These genotypes should be appropriate with minimized risk to humans who consume them. The Cd levels in the edible parts of water spinach were positively correlated with the concentration of Pb or Zn, but Cd, Pb, or Zn was negatively correlated with P concentration. These results indicate that these three heavy metals may be absorbed into the plant in similar proportions or in combination, minimizing the influx to aerial parts. Increasing P fertilizer application rates appears to prevent heavy metal and nitrate translocation to shoot tissues and the edible parts of water spinach on co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jun Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Li He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Hanumanth Kumar Gurajala
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-E Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zheng J, Gu XQ, Zhang TJ, Liu HH, Ou QJ, Peng CL. Phytotoxic effects of Cu, Cd and Zn on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and metal accumulation in plants growing in Xincun Bay, Hainan, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:517-526. [PMID: 29556939 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly threatened by human activities. In recent years, seagrass communities have rapidly degenerated in the coastal marine ecosystems of China. To identify the reasons for the decline in seagrasses, the phytotoxic effects of trace metals (Cu, Cd and Zn) on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii were investigated, and the environmental contents of the metals were analyzed where the seagrass grows. The results showed that leaf necrosis in T. hemprichii exposed to 0.01-0.1 mg L-1 of Cu2+ for 5 days was more serious than that in plants exposed to the same concentrations of Cd2+ and Zn2+. The chlorophyll content in T. hemprichii declined in a concentration-dependent manner after 5 days of exposure to Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+. The evident reduction in ΔF/Fm' in T. hemprichii leaves was observed at day 1 of exposure to 0.01-1.0 mg L-1 of Cu2+ and at day 3 of exposure to 0.1-1.0 mg L-1 of Cd2+. The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD and CAT) in T. hemprichii leaves exposed to the three metal ions also showed significant changes. In seawater from Xincun Bay (Hainan, China), where T. hemprichii grows, Cu had reached a concentration (i.e., 0.01 mg L-1) that could significantly reduce chlorophyll content and ΔF/Fm' in T. hemprichii leaves. Our results indicate that Cu influences the deterioration of seagrasses in Xincun Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tai-Jie Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiao-Jing Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Sharma S, Uttam KN. Nondestructive and Rapid Probing of Biochemical Response of Arsenic Stress on the Leaves of Wheat Seedlings Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1461896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Effects of Different Metals on Photosynthesis: Cadmium and Zinc Affect Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Durum Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522461 PMCID: PMC5877648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of the effects of exposure to high Cd2+ (50 µM) and excess Zn2+ (600 µM) on photosynthetic performance of hydroponically-grown durum wheat seedlings was performed. At day 8, Cd and Zn were added to the nutrient solution. After 7-days exposure, the chosen concentrations of both metals resulted in similar relative growth rate (RGR) inhibitions of about 50% and comparable retardations of the CO₂ assimilation rates (about 30%) in the second developed leaf of wheat seedlings. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that both metals disturbed photosynthetic electron transport processes which led to a 4- to 5-fold suppression of the efficiency of energy transformation in Photosystem II. Non-specific toxic effects of Cd and Zn, which prevailed, were an inactivation of part of Photosystem II reaction centres and their transformation into excitation quenching forms as well as disturbed electron transport in the oxygen-evolving complex. The specificity of the Cd and Zn modes of action was mainly expressed in the intensity of the toxicity effects: despite the similar inhibitions of the CO₂ assimilation rates, the wheat photochemistry showed much more sensitivity to Cd than to Zn exposure.
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41
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Chen YE, Mao HT, Ma J, Wu N, Zhang CM, Su YQ, Zhang ZW, Yuan M, Zhang HY, Zeng XY, Yuan S. Biomonitoring chromium III or VI soluble pollution by moss chlorophyll fluorescence. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:220-228. [PMID: 29207354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We systematically compared the impacts of four Cr salts (chromic chloride, chromic nitrate, potassium chromate and potassium bichromate) on physiological parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence in indigenous moss Taxiphyllum taxirameum. Among the four Cr salts, K2Cr2O7 treatment resulted in the most significant decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzymes, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and obvious cell death. Different form the higher plants, although hexavalent Cr(VI) salt treatments resulted in higher accumulation levels of Cr and were more toxic than Cr(III) salts, Cr(III) also induced significant changes in moss physiological parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence. Our results showed that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be monitored distinguishably according to the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) fluorescence of sporadic purple and sporadic lavender images respectively. Then, the valence states and concentrations of Cr contaminations could be evaluated according to the image of maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII). Therefore, this study provides new ideas of moss's sensibility to Cr(III) and a new method to monitor Chromium contaminations rapidly and non-invasively in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Hao-Tian Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chao-Ming Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Su
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xian-Yin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Che Z, Rehman A, Cheema SA, Sharma A, Song H, Rehman SU, Zhaorong D. Role of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in mediating heavy metal and pesticide induced oxidative stress in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:935-944. [PMID: 29029379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have posed serious threats to the environment. Excessive release of heavy metals from industrial effluents and overuse of pesticides in modern agriculture are limiting crop production by polluting environment and deteriorating food quality. Sustaining food quality under heavy metals and pesticide stress is crucial to meet the increasing demands for food. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL), a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants. This review sums up the potential role of EBL in ameliorating heavy metals and pesticide toxicity in plants extensively. EBL application increases plant's overall growth, biomass accumulation and photosynthetic efficiency by the modulation of numerous biochemical and physiological processes under heavy metals and pesticide stress. In addition, EBL scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) by triggering the production of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POX etc. EBL also induces the production of proline and soluble proteins that helps in maintaining osmotic potential and osmo-protection under both heavy metals and pesticide stress. At the end, future needs of research about the application of 24-epibrassinolide have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Zhao Che
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - He Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shams Ur Rehman
- National Maize Key Laboratory, Department of Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dong Zhaorong
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Fan L, Brett MT, Jiang W, Li B. Dissolved organic nitrogen recalcitrance and bioavailable nitrogen quantification for effluents from advanced nitrogen removal wastewater treatment facilities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:255-263. [PMID: 28601014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the composition of nitrogen (N) in the effluents of advanced N removal (ANR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study also tested two different experimental protocols for determining dissolved N recalcitrance. An analysis of 15 effluent samples from five WWTPs, showed effluent concentrations and especially effluent composition varied greatly from one system to the other, with total nitrogen (TN) ranging between 1.05 and 8.10 mg L-1. Nitrate (NO3-) accounted for between 38 ± 32% of TN, and ammonium accounted for a further 29 ± 28%. All of these samples were dominated by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NO3- + NH4+), and uptake experiments indicated the DIN fraction was as expected highly bioavailable. Dissolved organic N (DON) accounted for 20 ± 11% for the total dissolved N in these effluents, and uptake experiments indicated the bioavailability of this fraction varied between 27 ± 26% depending on the WWTP assessed. These results indicate near complete DIN removal should be the primary goal of ANR treatment systems. The comparison of bioavailable nitrogen (BAN) quantification protocols showed that the dissolved nitrogen uptake bioassay approach was clearly a more reliable way to determine BAN concentrations compared to the conventional cell yield protocol. Moreover, because the nitrogen uptake experiment was much more sensitive, this protocol made it easier to detect extrinsic factors (such as biological contamination or toxicity) that could affect the accuracy of these bioassays. Based on these results, we recommend the nitrogen uptake bioassay using filtered and autoclaved samples to quantify BAN concentrations. However, for effluent samples indicating toxicity, algal bioassays will not accurately quantify BAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Michael T Brett
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Wenju Jiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bo Li
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Rodionova MV, Zharmukhamedov SK, Karacan MS, Venedik KB, Shitov AV, Tunç T, Mamaş S, Kreslavski VD, Karacan N, Klimov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Evaluation of new Cu(II) complexes as a novel class of inhibitors against plant carbonic anhydrase, glutathione reductase, and photosynthetic activity in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:139-153. [PMID: 28497193 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing inefficiency of production of important agricultural plants raises one of the biggest problems in the modern world. Herbicide application is still the best method of weed management. Traditional herbicides blocking only one of the plant metabolic pathways is ineffective due to the rapid growth of herbicide-resistant weeds. The synthesis of novel compounds effectively suppressing several metabolic processes, and therefore achieving the synergism effect would serve as the alternative approach to weed problem. For this reason, recently, we synthesized a series of nine novel Cu(II) complexes and four ligands, characterized them with different analyses techniques, and carried out their primary evaluation as inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transfer in spinach thylakoids (design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of Cu(II) based metal-organic complexes as possible inhibitors of photosynthesis, J Photochem Photobiol B, submitted). Here, we evaluated in vitro inhibitory potency of these agents against: photochemistry and carbonic anhydrase activity of photosystem II (PSII); α-carbonic anhydrase from bovine erythrocytes; as well as glutathione reductase from chloroplast and baker's yeast. Our results show that all Cu(II) complexes excellently inhibit glutathione reductase and PSII carbonic anhydrase activity. Some of them also decently inhibit PSII photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita V Rodionova
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Sergei K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Mehmet Sayım Karacan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubra Begum Venedik
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alexandr V Shitov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Turgay Tunç
- Department of Chemistry and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Serhat Mamaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vyacheslav V Klimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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45
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Dobrikova AG, Yotsova EK, Börner A, Landjeva SP, Apostolova EL. The wheat mutant DELLA-encoding gene (Rht-B1c) affects plant photosynthetic responses to cadmium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 114:10-18. [PMID: 28246038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Тhe sensitivity to cadmium (Cd) stress of two near-isogenic wheat lines with differences at the Rht-B1 locus, Rht-B1a (tall wild type, encoding DELLA proteins) and Rht-B1c (dwarf mutant, encoding modified DELLA proteins), was investigated. The effects of 100 μM CdCl2 on plant growth, pigment content and functional activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat seedlings grown on a nutrient solution were evaluated through a combination of PAM chlorophyll fluorescence, oxygen evolution, oxidation-reduction kinetics of P700 and 77 K fluorescence. The results showed that the wheat mutant (Rht-B1c) was more tolerant to Cd stress compared to the wild type (Rht-B1a), as evidenced by the lower reductions in plant growth and pigment content, lower inhibition of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and of the oxygen evolution measured with Clark-type and Joliot-type electrodes. Furthermore, the enhanced Cd tolerance was accompanied by increased Cd accumulation within mutant plant tissues. The molecular mechanisms through which the Rht-B1c mutation improves plant tolerance to Cd stress involve structural alterations in the mutant photosynthetic membranes leading to better protection of the Mn cluster of oxygen-evolving complex and increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transport, protecting photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress. This study suggests a role for the Rht-B1c-encoded DELLA proteins in protective mechanisms and tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus in wheat plants exposed to heavy metals stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia G Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ekaterina K Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Svetlana P Landjeva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Miller RJ, Muller EB, Cole B, Martin T, Nisbet R, Bielmyer-Fraser GK, Jarvis TA, Keller AA, Cherr G, Lenihan HS. Photosynthetic efficiency predicts toxic effects of metal nanomaterials in phytoplankton. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 183:85-93. [PMID: 28039777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High Throughput Screening (HTS) using in vitro assessments at the subcellular level has great promise for screening new chemicals and emerging contaminants to identify high-risk candidates, but their linkage to ecological impacts has seldom been evaluated. We tested whether a battery of subcellular HTS tests could be used to accurately predict population-level effects of engineered metal nanoparticles (ENPs) on marine phytoplankton, important primary producers that support oceanic food webs. To overcome well-known difficulties of estimating ecologically meaningful toxicity parameters, we used novel Dynamic Energy Budget and Toxicodynamic (DEBtox) modeling techniques to evaluate impacts of ENPs on population growth rates. Our results show that population growth was negatively impacted by all four ENPs tested, but the HTS tests assessing many cell/physiological functions lacked predictive power at the population level. However, declining photosynthetic efficiency, a traditional physiological endpoint for photoautotrophs, was a good predictor of population level effects in phytoplankton. DEBtox techniques provided robust estimates of EC10 for population growth rates in exponentially growing batch cultures of phytoplankton, and should be widely useful for ecotoxicological testing. Adoption of HTS approaches for ecotoxicological assessment should carefully evaluate the predictive power of specific assays to minimize the risk that effects at higher levels of biological organization may go undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Erik B Muller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Cole
- University of California Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
| | - Tyronne Martin
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Roger Nisbet
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Arturo A Keller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Gary Cherr
- University of California Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology and Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hunter S Lenihan
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Morschett H, Freier L, Rohde J, Wiechert W, von Lieres E, Oldiges M. A framework for accelerated phototrophic bioprocess development: integration of parallelized microscale cultivation, laboratory automation and Kriging-assisted experimental design. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:26. [PMID: 28163783 PMCID: PMC5282810 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though microalgae-derived biodiesel has regained interest within the last decade, industrial production is still challenging for economic reasons. Besides reactor design, as well as value chain and strain engineering, laborious and slow early-stage parameter optimization represents a major drawback. RESULTS The present study introduces a framework for the accelerated development of phototrophic bioprocesses. A state-of-the-art micro-photobioreactor supported by a liquid-handling robot for automated medium preparation and product quantification was used. To take full advantage of the technology's experimental capacity, Kriging-assisted experimental design was integrated to enable highly efficient execution of screening applications. The resulting platform was used for medium optimization of a lipid production process using Chlorella vulgaris toward maximum volumetric productivity. Within only four experimental rounds, lipid production was increased approximately threefold to 212 ± 11 mg L-1 d-1. Besides nitrogen availability as a key parameter, magnesium, calcium and various trace elements were shown to be of crucial importance. Here, synergistic multi-parameter interactions as revealed by the experimental design introduced significant further optimization potential. CONCLUSIONS The integration of parallelized microscale cultivation, laboratory automation and Kriging-assisted experimental design proved to be a fruitful tool for the accelerated development of phototrophic bioprocesses. By means of the proposed technology, the targeted optimization task was conducted in a very timely and material-efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Morschett
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Freier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jannis Rohde
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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48
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Zhu J, Wang WS, Ma D, Zhang LY, Ren F, Yuan TT. A role for CK2 β subunit 4 in the regulation of plant growth, cadmium accumulation and H 2O 2 content under cadmium stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:240-247. [PMID: 27750098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, which consists of two α and two β subunits, plays an essential role in plant development and is implicated in plant responses to abiotic stresses, including salt and heat. However, the function of CK2 in response to heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) has not yet been established. In this study, the transgenic line CKB4ox, which overexpresses CKB4 encoding the CK2β subunit and has elevated CK2 activity, was used to investigate the potential role of CK2 in response to Cd stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Under Cd stress, CKB4ox showed reduced root growth and biomass accumulation as well as decreased chlorophyll and proline contents compared with wild type. Furthermore, increased Cd accumulation and a higher H2O2 content were found in CKB4ox, possibly contributing to the inhibition of CKB4ox growth under Cd stress. Additionally, altered levels of Cd and H2O2 were found to be associated with decreased expression of genes involved in Cd efflux, Cd sequestration and H2O2 scavenging. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated expression of CKB4 and increased CK2 activity enhance the sensitivity of plants to Cd stress by affecting Cd and H2O2 accumulation, including the modulation of genes involved in Cd transport and H2O2 scavenging. This study provides direct evidence for the involvement of plant CK2 in the response to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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49
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Andresen E, Kappel S, Stärk HJ, Riegger U, Borovec J, Mattusch J, Heinz A, Schmelzer CEH, Matoušková Š, Dickinson B, Küpper H. Cadmium toxicity investigated at the physiological and biophysical levels under environmentally relevant conditions using the aquatic model plant Ceratophyllum demersum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1244-1258. [PMID: 26840406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and is poisonous to most organisms. We aimed to unravel the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in the model water plant Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to low (nM) concentrations of Cd as are present in nature. Experiments were conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including nature-like light and temperature cycles, and a low biomass to water ratio. We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence kinetics, oxygen exchange, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and pigments, metal binding to proteins, and the accumulation of starch and metals. The inhibition threshold concentration for most parameters was 20 nM. Below this concentration, hardly any stress symptoms were observed. The first site of inhibition was photosynthetic light reactions (the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre measured as Fv /Fm , light-acclimated PSII activity ΦPSII , and total Chl). Trimers of the PSII light-harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) decreased more than LHC monomers and detection of Cd in the monomers suggested replacement of magnesium (Mg) by Cd in the Chl molecules. As a consequence of dysfunctional photosynthesis and energy dissipation, reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) appeared. Cadmium had negative effects on macrophytes at much lower concentrations than reported previously, emphasizing the importance of studies applying environmentally relevant conditions. A chain of inhibition events could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andresen
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Sophie Kappel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Stärk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
| | - Ulrike Riegger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Jakub Borovec
- Department of Hydrochemistry and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Mattusch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Šárka Matoušková
- Institute of Geology of the CAS, Rozvojová 269, Praha 6 - Lysolaje, CZ-16500, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, GCIS E 319A, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the CAS, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31/1160, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic
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50
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Kasuno M, Kimura H, Yasutomo H, Torimura M, Murakami D, Tsukatani Y, Hanada S, Matsushita T, Tao H. An Evaluation of Sensor Performance for Harmful Compounds by Using Photo-Induced Electron Transfer from Photosynthetic Membranes to Electrodes. SENSORS 2016; 16:438. [PMID: 27023553 PMCID: PMC4850952 DOI: 10.3390/s16040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, simple, and low-cost screening procedures are necessary for the detection of harmful compounds in the effluent that flows out of point sources such as industrial outfall. The present study investigated the effects on a novel sensor of harmful compounds such as KCN, phenol, and herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine (atrazine), and 2-N-tert-butyl-4-N-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (terbutryn). The sensor employed an electrode system that incorporated the photocurrent of intra-cytoplasmic membranes (so-called chromatophores) prepared from photosynthetic bacteria and linked using carbon paste electrodes. The amperometric curve (photocurrent-time curve) of photo-induced electron transfer from chromatophores of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides to the electrode via an exogenous electron acceptor was composed of two characteristic phases: an abrupt increase in current immediately after illumination (I₀), and constant current over time (Ic). Compared with other redox compounds, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) was the most useful exogenous electron acceptor in this system. Photo-reduction of DCBQ exhibited Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, and reduction rates were dependent on the amount of DCBQ and the photon flux intensity. The Ic decreased in the presence of KCN at concentrations over 0.05 μM (=μmol·dm(-3)). The I₀ decreased following the addition of phenol at concentrations over 20 μM. The Ic was affected by terbutryn at concentrations over 10 μM. In contrast, DCMU and atrazine had no effect on either I₀ or Ic. The utility of this electrode system for the detection of harmful compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kasuno
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hisataka Yasutomo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hanada
- Institute for Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Matsushita
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tao
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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