1
|
Rashwan AM, Abumandour MMA, Kandyel R, Choudhary OP, Soliman RM, El Sharaby A, Nomir AG. Implications of endoplasmic reticulum stress and beta-cell loss in immunodeficient diabetic NRG-Akita mice for understanding monogenic diabetes. Int J Surg 2024; 110:6231-6242. [PMID: 38329104 PMCID: PMC11486971 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunodeficient mice models have become increasingly important as in vivo models engrafted with human cells or tissues for research. The NOD-Rag1 null Ins2 Akita Il2r null (NRG-Akita) mice is a model combined with immunodeficient NRG and monogenic diabetes Akita mice that develop spontaneous hyperglycemia with progressive loss of pancreatic insulin-producing beta-cells with age. This model is one of the monogenic diabetic models, which has been providing a powerful platform for transplantation experiments of stem cells-generated human β-cells. This research aimed to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying this monogenic diabetes, which remains incompletely understood. METHODS Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted on endocrine pancreatic islets to compare NRG wild-type (Wt) controls with NRG-Akita mice. Our investigation focused on assessing the expression of endocrine hormones, transcription factors, proliferation, ER stress, and apoptosis. RESULTS Histological analyses on NRG-Akita mice revealed smaller islets at 6-weeks-old, due to fewer β-cells in the islets, compared to NRG-Wt controls, which further progressed with age. The proliferation rate decreased, and apoptosis was abundant in β-cells in NRG-Akita mice. Interestingly, our mechanistic analyses revealed that β-cells in NRG-Akita mice progressively accumulated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses, leading to a decreased expression of pivotal β-cell transcriptional factor PDX1. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our mechanistic insight into β-cell loss in this model could shed light on essential links between ER stress, proliferation, and cell identity, which might open the door to new therapeutic strategies for various diseases since ER stress is one of the most common features not only in diabetes but also in other degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - Ramadan Kandyel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Om P. Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Rampura Phul, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rofaida M. Soliman
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sosa-Larios TC, Ortega-Márquez AL, Rodríguez-Aguilera JR, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Domínguez-López A, Morimoto S. A low-protein maternal diet during gestation affects the expression of key pancreatic β-cell genes and the methylation status of the regulatory region of the MafA gene in the offspring of Wistar rats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1138564. [PMID: 36992977 PMCID: PMC10040775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1138564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation has important effects on gene expression-mediated metabolic programming in offspring. To evaluate the effect of a protein-restricted maternal diet during gestation, pancreatic islets from male progeny of Wistar rats were studied at postnatal days (PND) 36 (juveniles) and 90 (young adults). The expression of key genes involved in β-cell function and the DNA methylation pattern of the regulatory regions of two such genes, Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and MafA (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A), were investigated. Gene expression analysis in the pancreatic islets of restricted offspring showed significant differences compared with the control group at PND 36 (P < 0.05). The insulin 1 and 2 (Ins1 and Ins2), Glut2 (glucose transporter 2), Pdx1, MafA, and Atf2 (activating transcription factor 2), genes were upregulated, while glucokinase (Gck) and NeuroD1 (neuronal differentiation 1) were downregulated. Additionally, we studied whether the gene expression differences in Pdx1 and MafA between control and restricted offspring were associated with differential DNA methylation status in their regulatory regions. A decrease in the DNA methylation levels was found in the 5' flanking region between nucleotides −8118 to −7750 of the MafA regulatory region in restricted offspring compared with control pancreatic islets. In conclusion, low protein availability during gestation causes the upregulation of MafA gene expression in pancreatic β-cells in the male juvenile offspring at least in part through DNA hypomethylation. This process may contribute to developmental dysregulation of β-cell function and influence the long-term health of the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonantzin C. Sosa-Larios
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana L. Ortega-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús R. Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar R. Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron Domínguez-López
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sumiko Morimoto
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Sumiko Morimoto
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barth R, Ruoso C, Ferreira SM, de Ramos FC, Lima FB, Boschero AC, Santos GJD. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-α (HNF4α) controls the insulin resistance-induced pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. Life Sci 2022; 289:120213. [PMID: 34902439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of the etiology, any type of DM presents a reduction of insulin-secreting cell mass, so it is important to investigate pathways that induce the increase of this cell mass. AIM Based on the fact that (1) HNF4α is crucial for β-cell proliferation, (2) DEX-induced IR promotes β-cell mass expansion, and (3) the stimulation of β-cell mass expansion may be an important target for DM therapies, we aimed to investigate whether DEX-induced proliferation of β pancreatic cells is dependent on HNF4α. METHODS We used WildType (WT) and Knockout (KO) mice for HNF4-α, treated or not with 100 mg/Kg/day of DEX, for 5 consecutive days. One day after the last injection of DEX the IR was confirmed by ipITT and the mice were euthanized for pancreas removal. RESULTS In comparison to WT, KO mice presented increased glucose tolerance, lower fasting glucose and increased glucose-stimulates insulin secretion (GSIS). DEX induced IR in both KO and WT mice. In addition, DEX-induced β-cell mass expansion and an increase in the Ki67 immunostaining were observed only in WT mice, evidencing that IR-induced β-cell mass expansion is dependent on HNF4α. Also, we observed that DEX-treatment, in an HNF4α-dependent way, promoted an increase in PDX1, PAX4 and NGN3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that DEX-induced IR promotes β-cell mass expansion through processes of proliferation and neogenesis that depend on the HNF4α activity, pointing to HNF4α as a possible therapeutic target in DM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Barth
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ruoso
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Laboratory of endocrine pancreas and metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francieli Caroline de Ramos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Boschero
- Laboratory of endocrine pancreas and metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Dos Santos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Cheng J, Wan H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Chen C, Xia F, Jensen MD, Wang N, Lu Y. Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine, genetic susceptibility and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1766-1774. [PMID: 33885932 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Early famine exposure has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes; however, little is known about whether the genetic background modifies this association. We aimed to investigate the joint effects of famine exposure at different stages of early life and genetic susceptibility on diabetes risk in adulthood. METHODS The study included 8350 participants from the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China) who were born around the time of the Chinese Great Famine. We determined famine exposure subgroups according to the birth year as nonexposed (1963-1974), fetal-exposed (1959-1962), childhood-exposed (1949-1958), and adolescence-exposed (1941-1948). We developed a genetic risk score of 21 variants previously associated with type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Hierarchical logistic models were used to examine the association of famine exposure and genetic risk with diabetes. RESULTS The age-standardised prevalence of diabetes in nonexposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed and adolescence-exposed subgroups was 13.0%, 18.2%, 15.1% and 13.2%, respectively. Compared with nonexposed participants, fetal-exposed participants showed an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.13, 1.93). A higher genetic risk score was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15, 1.31 per SD increment). The association between famine exposure and diabetes was consistent across genetic risk strata (all p for interaction >0.05). When considered jointly, fetal- or childhood-exposed participants at high genetic risk (highest tertile of genetic risk score) had 2.60-fold (95% CI 1.71, 3.93) and 1.95-fold (95% CI 1.24, 3.05) higher risks of diabetes, respectively, compared with nonexposed participants at low genetic risk (lowest tertile). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Prenatal exposure to famine was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults independent of genetic risk score using 21 variants common in the East Asian population. Famine exposure and genetic susceptibility may exhibit an additive effect on diabetes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, 5-194 Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhaphong B, Baumann DC, Beetch M, Lockridge AD, Jo S, Wong A, Zemanovic T, Mohan R, Fondevilla DL, Sia M, Pineda-Cortel MRB, Alejandro EU. Placental mTOR complex 1 regulates fetal programming of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149271. [PMID: 34032632 PMCID: PMC8410096 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction, or low birth weight, is a strong determinant for eventual obesity and type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies suggest placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates fetal birth weight and the metabolic health trajectory of the offspring. In the current study, we used a genetic model with loss of placental mTOR function (mTOR-KOPlacenta) to test the direct role of mTOR signaling on birth weight and metabolic health in the adult offspring. mTOR-KOPlacenta animals displayed reduced placental area and total weight, as well as fetal body weight at embryonic day (E) 17.5. Birth weight and serum insulin levels were reduced; however, β cell mass was normal in mTOR-KOPlacenta newborns. Adult mTOR-KOPlacenta offspring, under a metabolic high-fat challenge, displayed exacerbated obesity and metabolic dysfunction compared with littermate controls. Subsequently, we tested whether enhancing placental mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, via genetic ablation of TSC2, in utero would improve glucose homeostasis in the offspring. Indeed, increased placental mTORC1 conferred protection from diet-induced obesity in the offspring. In conclusion, placental mTORC1 serves as a mechanistic link between placental function and programming of obesity and insulin resistance in the adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amber D Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tate Zemanovic
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Danica L Fondevilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle Sia
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Ruth B Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences and.,Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Disruption of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Signaling in Placenta Induces Insulin Sensitivity in Female Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136918. [PMID: 34203166 PMCID: PMC8267851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental dysfunction can lead to fetal growth restriction which is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetal growth restriction increases the risk of obesity and diabetes later in life. Placental O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) has been identified as a marker and a mediator of placental insufficiency in the setting of prenatal stress, however, its role in the fetal programming of metabolism and glucose homeostasis remains unknown. We aim to determine the long-term metabolic outcomes of offspring with a reduction in placental OGT. Mice with a partial reduction and a full knockout of placenta-specific OGT were generated utilizing the Cre-Lox system. Glucose homeostasis and metabolic parameters were assessed on a normal chow and a high-fat diet in both male and female adult offspring. A reduction in placental OGT did not demonstrate differences in the metabolic parameters or glucose homeostasis compared to the controls on a standard chow. The high-fat diet provided a metabolic challenge that revealed a decrease in body weight gain (p = 0.02) and an improved insulin tolerance (p = 0.03) for offspring with a partially reduced placental OGT but not when OGT was fully knocked out. Changes in body weight were not associated with changes in energy homeostasis. Offspring with a partial reduction in placental OGT demonstrated increased hepatic Akt phosphorylation in response to insulin treatment (p = 0.02). A partial reduction in placental OGT was protective from weight gain and insulin intolerance when faced with the metabolic challenge of a high-fat diet. This appears to be, in part, due to increased hepatic insulin signaling. The findings of this study contribute to the greater understanding of fetal metabolic programming and the effect of placental OGT on peripheral insulin sensitivity and provides a target for future investigation and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sandovici I, Hammerle CM, Virtue S, Vivas-Garcia Y, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Ozanne SE, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gómez G, Constância M. Autocrine IGF2 programmes β-cell plasticity under conditions of increased metabolic demand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7717. [PMID: 33833312 PMCID: PMC8032793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to nutrient excess and insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cells undergo adaptive changes in order to maintain glucose homeostasis. The role that growth control genes, highly expressed in early pancreas development, might exert in programming β-cell plasticity in later life is a poorly studied area. The imprinted Igf2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) gene is highly transcribed during early life and has been identified in recent genome-wide association studies as a type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene in humans. Hence, here we investigate the long-term phenotypic metabolic consequences of conditional Igf2 deletion in pancreatic β-cells (Igf2βKO) in mice. We show that autocrine actions of IGF2 are not critical for β-cell development, or for the early post-natal wave of β-cell remodelling. Additionally, adult Igf2βKO mice maintain glucose homeostasis when fed a chow diet. However, pregnant Igf2βKO females become hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, and their conceptuses exhibit hyperinsulinemia and placentomegalia. Insulin resistance induced by congenital leptin deficiency also renders Igf2βKO females more hyperglycaemic compared to leptin-deficient controls. Upon high-fat diet feeding, Igf2βKO females are less susceptible to develop insulin resistance. Based on these findings, we conclude that in female mice, autocrine actions of β-cell IGF2 during early development determine their adaptive capacity in adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Constanze M Hammerle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Novo Nordisk A/S, 2880, Bagsværd, Denmark.
| | - Sam Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yurena Vivas-Garcia
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Jiangbei Area, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Constância
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang M, Zhang D, Li Y, Xin Y. Maternal Protein Restriction Increases Autophagy in the Pancreas of Newborn Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:168-175. [PMID: 32350178 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A maternal low-protein diet increases the susceptibility of offspring to type 2 diabetes by inducing alterations in β cell mass and function. However, the mechanism of this pancreas injury remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to assess whether autophagy is altered in the pancreas of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In addition, the autophagy associated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were further evaluated in the pancreas. The maternal protein restriction IUGR rat model was established as the IUGR group, and assessed alongside normal newborn rats (CON group). Then, the levels of autophagy markers were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. In addition, mTORC1 signaling effectors were evaluated by Western blot; ER stress was quantitated by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the IUGR group showed increased levels of the autophagy markers LC3II and Beclin1, with decreased mTORC1 signaling activity. In addition, ER stress was confirmed in β cells of the IUGR group. These findings provided evidence that maternal protein restriction enhances autophagy in newborn pancreas, where ER stress was also induced in β cells, which might effect the pancreas development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yanchao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai W, Zhou W, Han Z, Lei J, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9952. [PMID: 33083114 PMCID: PMC7546222 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism’s development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Cai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanbang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Han
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junrong Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Werneck-de-Castro JP, Blandino-Rosano M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Glucose stimulates microRNA-199 expression in murine pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1261-1270. [PMID: 31882540 PMCID: PMC6996880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA 199 (miR-199) negatively impacts pancreatic β-cell function and its expression is highly increased in islets from diabetic mice as well as in plasma of diabetic patients. Here we investigated how miR-199 expression is regulated in β-cells by assessing expression of miR-199 precursors (primiR-199a1, primiR-199a2, and primiR-199b) and mature miR-199 (miR-199-3p and miR-199-5p) and promoter transcriptional activity assays in mouse islets and mouse insulinoma cells (MIN6) under different stimuli. We found that mouse islets equally express miR-199-3p and miR-199-5p. However, the primiRNA expression levels differed; although primiR-199a1 expression was about 30% greater than that of primiR-199a2, primiR-199b is barely detected in islets. We observed a 2-fold increase in primiR-199a1 and primiR-199a2 mRNA levels in mouse islets cultured in 10 mm glucose compared with 5.5 mm glucose. Similar responses to glucose were observed in MIN6 cells. Exposure to 30 mm KCl to induce membrane depolarization and calcium influx increased expression of primiR-199a2 but not of primiR-199a1 in MIN6 cells, indicating that calcium influx was involved. Transcriptional activity studies in MIN6 cells also revealed that primiR-199a2 promoter activity was enhanced by glucose and reduced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced starvation. KCl and the potassium channel blocker tolbutamide also stimulated primiR-199a2 promoter activity. Calcium channel blockade by nifedipine reduced primiR-199a2 promoter activity in MIN6 cells, and diazoxide-mediated calcium influx inhibition blunted glucose up-regulation of miR-199-3p in islets. In conclusion, we uncover that glucose acutely up-regulates miR-199 family expression in β-cells. Glucose metabolism and calcium influx are involved in primiR-199a2 expression but not primiR-199a1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136,Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | | | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136 .,Miami Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Miami, Florida 33136
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Werneck-de-Castro JP, Blandino-Rosano M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Glucose stimulates microRNA-199 expression in murine pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
12
|
Analysis of Histone Modifications in Rodent Pancreatic Islets by Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31586329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9882-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells dispersed throughout the pancreas that produce several hormones essential for controlling a variety of metabolic processes, including glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Studying the transcriptional control of pancreatic islet cells has important implications for understanding the mechanisms that control their normal development, as well as the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Histones represent the main protein components of the chromatin and undergo diverse covalent modifications that are very important for gene regulation. Here we describe the isolation of pancreatic islets from rodents and subsequently outline the methods used to immunoprecipitate and analyze the native chromatin obtained from these cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Riahi Y, Israeli T, Yeroslaviz R, Chimenez S, Avrahami D, Stolovich-Rain M, Alter I, Sebag M, Polin N, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Dor Y, Cerasi E, Leibowitz G. Inhibition of mTORC1 by ER stress impairs neonatal β-cell expansion and predisposes to diabetes in the Akita mouse. eLife 2018; 7:e38472. [PMID: 30412050 PMCID: PMC6294551 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved ER stress followed by cell death is recognized as the main cause of a multitude of pathologies including neonatal diabetes. A systematic analysis of the mechanisms of β-cell loss and dysfunction in Akita mice, in which a mutation in the proinsulin gene causes a severe form of permanent neonatal diabetes, showed no increase in β-cell apoptosis throughout life. Surprisingly, we found that the main mechanism leading to β-cell dysfunction is marked impairment of β-cell growth during the early postnatal life due to transient inhibition of mTORC1, which governs postnatal β-cell growth and differentiation. Importantly, restoration of mTORC1 activity in neonate β-cells was sufficient to rescue postnatal β-cell growth, and to improve diabetes. We propose a scenario for the development of permanent neonatal diabetes, possibly also common forms of diabetes, where early-life events inducing ER stress affect β-cell mass expansion due to mTOR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Riahi
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tal Israeli
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Roni Yeroslaviz
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shoshana Chimenez
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Dana Avrahami
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ido Alter
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Marina Sebag
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nava Polin
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Erol Cerasi
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akhaphong B, Lockridge A, Jo S, Mohan R, Wilcox JA, Wing CR, Regal JF, Alejandro EU. Reduced uterine perfusion pressure causes loss of pancreatic β-cell area but normal function in fetal rat offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1220-R1231. [PMID: 30303709 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00458.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypertension during pregnancy is a major risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which increases susceptibility to cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood through unclear mechanisms. The aim of this study was to characterize the pancreatic β-cell area and function in the fetal rat offspring of a reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of gestational hypertension. At embryonic day 19.5, RUPP dams exhibited lower body weight, elevated mean blood pressure, reduced litter size, and higher blood glucose compared with sham-operated controls. In RUPP placental lysates, a nonsignificant change in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity markers, phosphorylated S6 at serine 240, and phosphorylated AKT (at S473) was observed. RUPP offspring showed significantly reduced β-cell-to-pancreas area and increased β-cell death but normal insulin levels in serum. Isolated islets had normal insulin content and secretory function in response to glucose and palmitate. Fetal pancreatic lysates showed a tendency for reduced insulin levels, with a significant reduction in total mTOR protein with RUPP surgery. In addition, its downstream complex 2 targets phosphorylation of AKT at S473, and pAKT at Thr308 tended to be reduced in the fetal RUPP pancreas. Altogether, these data show that RUPP offspring demonstrated increased β-cell death, reduced β-cell area, and altered nutrient-sensor mTOR protein level in the pancreas. This could represent a mechanistic foundation in IUGR offspring's risk for enhanced susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and other metabolic vulnerabilities seen in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Amber Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Jacob A Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Cameron R Wing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota: Twin Cities, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohan R, Baumann D, Alejandro EU. Fetal undernutrition, placental insufficiency, and pancreatic β-cell development programming in utero. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R867-R878. [PMID: 30110175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 (T2D) diabetes is a major health concern in the United States and around the world. T2D is a complex disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell failure in association with obesity and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Although several genes associated with T2D have been identified, it is speculated that genetic variants account for only <10% of the risk for this disease. A strong body of data from both human epidemiological and animal studies shows that fetal nutrient factors in utero confer significant susceptibility to T2D. Numerous studies done in animals have shown that suboptimal maternal environment or placental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the fetus, a critical factor known to predispose offspring to obesity and T2D, in part by causing permanent consequences in total functional β-cell mass. This review will focus on the potential contribution of the placenta in fetal programming of obesity and TD and its likely impact on pancreatic β-cell development and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emilyn Uy Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9652978. [PMID: 28951790 PMCID: PMC5603136 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9652978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bernstein D, Golson ML, Kaestner KH. Epigenetic control of β-cell function and failure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 123:24-36. [PMID: 27918975 PMCID: PMC5250585 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a highly heritable disease, but only ∼15% of this heritability can be explained by known genetic variant loci. In fact, body mass index is more predictive of diabetes than any of the common risk alleles identified by genome-wide association studies. This discrepancy may be explained by epigenetic inheritance, whereby changes in gene regulation can be passed along to offspring. Epigenetic changes throughout an organism's lifetime, based on environmental factors such as chemical exposures, diet, physical activity, and age, can also affect gene expression and susceptibility to diabetes. Recently, novel genome-wide assays of epigenetic marks have resulted in a greater understanding of how genetics, epigenetics, and the environment interact in the development and inheritance of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bernstein
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prusinski L, Al-Hendy A, Yang Q. Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals alters the epigenome: Identification of reprogrammed targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:1-6. [PMID: 27478869 DOI: 10.17140/goroj-3-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptions induced by environmental toxicants have placed an immense burden on society to properly diagnose, treat and attempt to alleviate symptoms and disease. Environmental exposures during critical periods of development can permanently reprogram normal physiological responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to disease later in life - a process known as developmental reprogramming. During development, organogenesis and tissue differentiation occur through a continuous series of tightly-regulated and precisely-timed molecular, biochemical and cellular events. Humans may encounter endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) daily and during all stages of life, from conception and fetal development through adulthood and senescence. Though puberty and perimenopausal periods may be affected by endocrine disruption due to hormonal effects, prenatal and early postnatal windows are most critical for proper development due to rapid changes in system growth. Developmental reprogramming is shown to be caused by alterations in the epigenome. Development is the time when epigenetic programs are 'installed' on the genome by 'writers', such as histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which add methyl groups to lysine and arginine residues on histone tails and to CpG sites in DNA, respectively. A number of environmental compounds, referred to as estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs), are able to bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) and interfere with the normal cellular development in target tissues including the prostate and uterus. These EEDs, including diethylstilbestrol (DES), bisphenol A (BPA), and genistein (a phytoestrogen derived from soybeans), have been implicated in the malformation of reproductive organs and later development of disease. Due to the lack of fully understanding the underlying mechanisms of how environmental toxicants and their level of exposure affect the human genome, it can be challenging to create clear clinical guidance to address the potential health effects of lower-level exposures commonly experienced within the general population. In addition, human studies concerning environmental exposures are limited in feasibility by ethical concerns for human safety. Therefore, studies in animal models provide great opportunities to reveal links between early-life exposure to EDCs and related diseases. It has been shown that developmental exposure to EDCs, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) and genistein, during reproductive tract development increases the incidence, multiplicity and overall size of uterine fibroids in the Eker rat model, concomitantly reprogramming estrogen-responsive gene expression. Importantly, EDC exposure represses enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) and reduces levels of the histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) repressive mark through Estrogen receptor / Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases / Protein kinase B non-genomic signaling in the developing uterus. More recent research identified a developmental reprogramming target, Scbg2a1 gene, whose epigenetic status can be altered by early exposure to BPA in the rat prostate. Molecular analyses revealed markedly increased expression (greater than 100 fold) of Scgb2a1, a secretaglobin gene in response to developmental exposure to BPA. This increase in Scgb2a1 expression is concomitantly associated with increased enrichment of acetylated H3K9 (H3K9Ac representing active chromatin status) and hypomethylation of DNA for a CpG island upstream of the transcription start site of Scgb2a1. These data suggest that expression of Scgb2a1 in the adult prostate could be epigenetically reprogrammed by BPA exposure during prostate development. Further studies are needed to create more targeted preventative interventions as well as specific, effective therapeutics to decrease the incidence of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Prusinski
- Division of Translation Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Division of Translation Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Division of Translation Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cras-Méneur C, Elghazi L, Fort P, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of embryonic β-cell development in the anterior chamber of the eye. Islets 2016; 8:35-47. [PMID: 26950054 PMCID: PMC4878273 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1148236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal environment plays a decisive role in modifying the risk for developing diabetes later in life. Developing novel methodology for noninvasive imaging of β-cell development in vivo under the controlled physiological conditions of the host can serve to understand how this environment affects β-cell growth and differentiation. A number of culture models have been designed for pancreatic rudiment but none match the complexity of the in utero or even normal physiological environment. Speier et al. recently developed a platform of noninvasive in vivo imaging of pancreatic islets using the anterior chamber of the eye where islets get vascularized, grow and respond to physiological changes. The same methodology was adapted for the study of pancreatic development. E13.0, still undifferentiated rudiments with fluorescent lineage tracing were implanted in the AC of the eye, allowing the longitudinal study of their growth and differentiation. Within 48 h the anlages get vascularized and grow but their mesenchyme displays a selective growth advantage. The resulting imbalance leads to alteration in the differentiation pattern of the progenitors. Reducing the mesenchyme to its bare minimum before implantation allows the restoration of a proper balance and a development that mimics the normal pancreatic development. These groundbreaking observations demonstrate that the anterior chamber of the eye provides a good system for noninvasive in vivo fluorescence imaging of the developing pancreas under the physiology of the host and can have important implications for designing strategies to prevent or reverse the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on altering β-cell function later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrice Fort
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Asaba Y, Asayama S, Kawakami H. Design of epigenetics control carrier for simultaneous transfection of histone acetyltransferase with histone deacetylase inhibitor to continuous histone acetylation. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Foley DL, Mackinnon A, Morgan VA, Watts GF, Castle DJ, Waterreus A, Galletly CA. Effect of age, family history of diabetes, and antipsychotic drug treatment on risk of diabetes in people with psychosis: a population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:1092-8. [PMID: 26477242 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus. A positive synergy between antipsychotic drug effects and a pre-existing liability to diabetes mellitus might explain the especially high relative risk of diabetes mellitus in young adults with psychosis. We aimed to assess the individual and joint effect of age, family history of diabetes mellitus, and currently prescribed antipsychotic drug treatment on risk for diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this study, we used data from the 2010 Australian National Survey of Psychosis-an observational study done at seven sites in five Australian states. We included data from 1155 people with psychosis aged 18-64 years who were in contact with psychiatric services and who gave a fasting blood sample to test for current diabetes mellitus. Using logistic regression, we modelled the association of diabetes mellitus with age, family history of diabetes mellitus, and current antipsychotic drug treatment. We compared model fit with and without two-way and three-way interaction terms and used likelihood ratio tests to establish which terms to include in the final model. FINDINGS After adjustment for older age, which was an independent risk factor, compared with not taking antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic drug treatment was associated with diabetes mellitus only in those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (clozapine adjusted odds ratio [OR] 7·22, 95% CI 1·62-32·20, p=0·01; quetiapine 5·91, 1·33-26·30, p=0·02; aripiprazole 5·06, 0·86-29·64, p=0·07; risperidone 4·17, 0·90-19·24, p=0·07; and olanzapine 2·23, 0·45-11·06, p=0·32). Antipsychotic drug treatment was not associated with additional risk of diabetes mellitus in those with a family history (clozapine adjusted OR 1·51, 95% CI 0·64-3·54, p=0·34; quetiapine 1·09, 0·49-2·43, p=0·82; aripiprazole 0·43, 0·12-1·49, p=0·18; risperidone 1·12, 0·48-2·63, p=0·79; and olanzapine 0·67, 0·26-1·71, p=0·39). INTERPRETATION People with psychosis are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus if they have a family history of diabetes mellitus or if they have no family history of diabetes mellitus but are taking antipsychotic drugs. Increasing age increases risk but independently of family history or antipsychotic drug treatment. Clinicians should not think the absence of a family history of diabetes mellitus protects their patients from the diabetic side-effects of antipsychotics. FUNDING Australian Federal Government and Orygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Foley
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Metabolic Research Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - David J Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Waterreus
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - Cherrie A Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Ramsay Health Care SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Noncoding RNA and especially microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important regulators of key processes in cell biology, including development, differentiation, and survival. Currently, over 2,500 mature miRs have been reported in humans, and considering that each miR has multiple targets, the number of genes and pathways potentially affected is huge. Not surprisingly, many miRs have also been implicated in diabetes, and more recently, some have been discovered to play important roles in the pancreatic islet, including β-cell function, proliferation, and survival. The goal of this Perspective is to offer an overview of this rapidly evolving field and the miRs involved, reveal novel networks of β-cell miR signaling, and provide an outlook of the opportunities and challenges ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Filios
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Several environmental and genetic risk factors predispose to the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified around 50 genetic regions that affect the risk of developing T1D, but the disease-causing variants and genes are still largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the current status of T1D susceptibility loci and candidate genes with focus on the β cell. At least 40 % of the genes in the T1D susceptibility loci are expressed in human islets and β cells, where they according to recent studies modulate the β-cell response to the immune system. As most of the risk variants map to noncoding regions of the genome, i.e., promoters, enhancers, intergenic regions, and noncoding genes, their possible involvement in T1D pathogenesis as gene regulators will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fløyel
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lumey LH, Khalangot MD, Vaiserman AM. Association between type 2 diabetes and prenatal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932-33: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:787-794. [PMID: 26342852 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of fetal and early childhood living conditions on adult health has long been debated, but empirical assessment in human beings remains a challenge. We used data from during the man-made Ukrainian famine of 1932-33 to examine the association between restricted nutrition in early gestation and type 2 diabetes in offspring in later life. METHODS We included all patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at age 40 years or older in the Ukraine national diabetes register 2000-08, and used all individuals born between 1930 and 1938 from the 2001 Ukraine national census as the reference population. This study population includes individuals born before and after the famine period as controls, and those from regions that experienced extreme, severe, or no famine. We used prevalence odds ratios (ORs) as the measure of association between type 2 diabetes and early famine exposure, with stratification by region, date of birth, and sex for comparisons of diabetes prevalence in specific subgroups. FINDINGS Using these two datasets, we compared the odds of type 2 diabetes by date and region of birth in 43,150 patients with diabetes and 1,421,024 individuals born between 1930 and 1938. With adjustment for season of birth, the OR for developing type 2 diabetes was 1·47 (95% CI 1·37-1·58) in individuals born in the first half of 1934 in regions with extreme famine, 1·26 (1·14-1·39) in individuals born in regions with severe famine, and there was no increase (OR 1·00, 0·91-1·09) in individuals born in regions with no famine, compared with births in other time periods. Multivariable analyses confirmed these results. The associations between type 2 diabetes and famine around the time of birth were similar in men and women. INTERPRETATION These results show a dose-response relation between famine severity during prenatal development and odds of type 2 diabetes in later life. Our findings suggest that early gestation is a critical time window of development; therefore, further studies of biological mechanisms should include this period. FUNDING Ukraine State Diabetes Mellitus Program, US National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Lumey
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Mykola D Khalangot
- Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine; Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexander M Vaiserman
- Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Increased epigenetic alterations at the promoters of transcriptional regulators following inadequate maternal gestational weight gain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14224. [PMID: 26415774 PMCID: PMC4586460 DOI: 10.1038/srep14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are thought to serve as a memory of exposure to in utero environments. However, few human studies have investigated the associations between maternal nutritional conditions during pregnancy and epigenetic alterations in offspring. In this study, we report genome-wide methylation profiles for 33 postpartum placentas from pregnancies of normal and foetal growth restriction with various extents of maternal gestational weight gain. Epigenetic alterations accumulate in the placenta under adverse in utero environments, as shown by application of Smirnov-Grubbs’ outlier test. Moreover, hypermethylation occurs frequently at the promoter regions of transcriptional regulator genes, including polycomb targets and zinc-finger genes, as shown by annotations of the genomic and functional features of loci with altered DNA methylation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications at such developmental regulator loci, if occurring in foetuses as well, will elevate the risk of developing various diseases, including metabolic and mental disorders, later in life.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ong TP, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes: early nutrition and epigenetic mechanisms. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:354-60. [PMID: 26049632 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The environment experienced during critical windows of development can 'programme' long-term health and risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes in the offspring. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in the developmental programming of type 2 diabetes by early nutrition. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal and more recently paternal nutrition have been shown to play key roles in metabolic programming of the offspring. Although the exact mechanisms are still not clear, epigenetic processes have emerged as playing a plausible role. Epigenetic dysregulation is associated with several components that contribute to type 2 diabetes risk, including altered feeding behaviour, insulin secretion and insulin action. It may also contribute to transgenerational risk transmission. SUMMARY Epigenetic processes may represent a central underlying mechanism of developmental programming of type 2 diabetes. During embryonic and foetal development, extensive epigenetic remodelling takes place not only in somatic but also in primordial germ cells. Therefore, concerns have been raised that epigenetic dysregulation induced by a suboptimal early environment could programme altered phenotypes not only in the first generation but also in the subsequent ones. Characterizing these altered epigenetic marks has great implications for identifying individuals at an increased disease risk as well as potentially leading to novel preventive and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Ong
- aUniversity of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, UK bDepartment of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo and Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khan S, Jena G. The role of butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor in diabetes mellitus: experimental evidence for therapeutic intervention. Epigenomics 2015; 7:669-80. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM), β-cell reprogramming and its complications is an emerging concept. Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between DM and histone deacetylases (HDACs), because HDAC inhibitors promote β-cell differentiation, proliferation, function and improve insulin resistance. Moreover, gut microbes and diet-derived products can alter the host epigenome. Furthermore, butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes are decreased in DM. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by microbiota and has been proven as an HDAC inhibitor. The present review provides a pragmatic interpretation of chromatin-dependent and independent complex signaling/mechanisms of butyrate for the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 DM, with an emphasis on the promising strategies for its drugability and therapeutic implication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Epigenetic Alterations Caused by Nutritional Stress During Fetal Programming of the Endocrine Pancreas. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN. Epigenetic modifiers of islet function and mass. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:628-36. [PMID: 25246382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance in target tissues including the β-cell, leading to significant β-cell loss and secretory dysfunction. T2D is also associated with aging, and the underlying mechanisms that increase susceptibility of an individual to develop the disease implicate epigenetics: interactions between susceptible loci and the environment. In this review, we discuss the effects of aging on β-cell function and adaptation, besides the significance of mitochondria in islet bioenergetics and epigenome. We highlight three important modulators of the islet epigenome, namely: metabolites, hormones, and the nutritional state. Unraveling the signaling pathways that regulate the islet epigenome during aging will help to better understand the development of disease progression and to design novel therapies for diabetes prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abdel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 5000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alejandro EU, Gregg B, Wallen T, Kumusoglu D, Meister D, Chen A, Merrins MJ, Satin LS, Liu M, Arvan P, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Maternal diet-induced microRNAs and mTOR underlie β cell dysfunction in offspring. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4395-410. [PMID: 25180600 DOI: 10.1172/jci74237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A maternal diet that is low in protein increases the susceptibility of offspring to type 2 diabetes by inducing long-term alterations in β cell mass and function. Nutrients and growth factor signaling converge through mTOR, suggesting that this pathway participates in β cell programming during fetal development. Here, we revealed that newborns of dams exposed to low-protein diet (LP0.5) throughout pregnancy exhibited decreased insulin levels, a lower β cell fraction, and reduced mTOR signaling. Adult offspring of LP0.5-exposed mothers exhibited glucose intolerance as a result of an insulin secretory defect and not β cell mass reduction. The β cell insulin secretory defect was distal to glucose-dependent Ca2+ influx and resulted from reduced proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin content. Islets from offspring of LP0.5-fed dams exhibited reduced mTOR and increased expression of a subset of microRNAs, and blockade of microRNA-199a-3p and -342 in these islets restored mTOR and insulin secretion to normal. Finally, transient β cell activation of mTORC1 signaling in offspring during the last week of pregnancy of mothers fed a LP0.5 rescued the defect in the neonatal β cell fraction and metabolic abnormalities in the adult. Together, these findings indicate that a maternal low-protein diet alters microRNA and mTOR expression in the offspring, influencing insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Francis T, Graf A, Hodges K, Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Price M, Kearney K, Francis H. Histamine regulation of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a review of recent findings. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 2:216-26. [PMID: 24570946 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is a dynamic organ that performs a multitude of functions within the body. Diseases that target the pancreas, like pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, are devastating and often fatal to the suffering patient. Histamine and histamine receptors (H1-H4HRs) have been found to play a critical role in biliary diseases. Accordingly, the biliary tract and the pancreas share similarities with regards to morphological, phenotypical and functional features and disease progression, studies related the role of H1-H4HRs in pancreatic diseases are important. In this review, we have highlighted the role that histamine, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), histamine receptors and mast cells (the main source of histamine in the body) play during both pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The objective of the review is to demonstrate that histamine and histamine signaling may be a potential therapeutic avenue towards treatment strategies for pancreatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Francis
- Medicine, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Allyson Graf
- Research, Central Texas Veteran's Health Care System, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA ; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Hodges
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Mattie Price
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Kate Kearney
- Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Medicine, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA ; Research, Central Texas Veteran's Health Care System, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA ; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M HSC, Temple, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sadagurski M, Landeryou T, Blandino-Rosano M, Cady G, Elghazi L, Meister D, See L, Bartke A, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Miller RA. Long-lived crowded-litter mice exhibit lasting effects on insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1305-14. [PMID: 24735888 PMCID: PMC4042097 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00031.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The action of nutrients on early postnatal growth can influence mammalian aging and longevity. Recent work has demonstrated that limiting nutrient availability in the first 3 wk of life [by increasing the number of pups in the crowded-litter (CL) model] leads to extension of mean and maximal lifespan in genetically normal mice. In this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of early-life nutrient intervention on glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in CL mice. In our study, we used mice from litters supplemented to 12 or 15 pups and compared those to control litters limited to eight pups. At weaning and then throughout adult life, CL mice are significantly leaner and consume more oxygen relative to control mice. At 6 mo of age, CL mice had low fasting leptin concentrations, and low-dose leptin injections reduced body weight and food intake more in CL female mice than in controls. At 22 mo, CL female mice also have smaller adipocytes compared with controls. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests show an increase in insulin sensitivity in 6 mo old CL male mice, and females become more insulin sensitive later in life. Furthermore, β-cell mass was significantly reduced in the CL male mice and was associated with reduction in β-cell proliferation rate in these mice. Together, these data show that early-life nutrient intervention has a significant lifelong effect on metabolic characteristics that may contribute to the increased lifespan of CL mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Taylor Landeryou
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gillian Cady
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Meister
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren See
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois; and
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ndisang JF, Rastogi S, Vannacci A. Insulin resistance, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and related complications: current status and future perspective. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:276475. [PMID: 24745030 PMCID: PMC3976906 DOI: 10.1155/2014/276475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
- *Joseph Fomusi Ndisang:
| | - Sharad Rastogi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Integrative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions. In 2010, it was estimated that 6.4 % of the adult population (285 million) have diabetes. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a condition traditionally associated with aging, has been steadily increasing among younger individuals. It is now a well-established notion that the early-life period is a critical window of development and that influences during this period can "developmentally prime" the metabolic status of the adult. This review discusses the role of maternal and in utero influences on the developmental priming of T2D risk. Both human epidemiological studies and experimental animal models are beginning to demonstrate that early dietary challenges can accelerate the onset of age-associated metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, T2D, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. These findings show that poor maternal nutrition can prime a prediabetes phenotype, often manifest as insulin resistance, by very early stages of life. Thus, the maternal diet is a critical determinant of premature T2D risk. While the mechanisms that link early nutrition to age-associated metabolic decline are currently unclear, preliminary findings suggest perturbations in a number of processes involved in cellular aging, such as changes in longevity-associated Sirtuin activity, epigenetic regulation of key metabolic genes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Preliminary studies show that pharmacological interventions in utero and dietary supplementation in early postnatal life may alleviate insulin resistance and reduce T2D risk. However, further studies are warranted to fully understand the relationship between the early environment and long-term effects on metabolism. Such mechanistic insights will facilitate strategic interventions that prevent accelerated metabolic decline and the premature onset of T2D in the current and future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barella LF, de Oliveira JC, Mathias PCDF. Pancreatic islets and their roles in metabolic programming. Nutrition 2013; 30:373-9. [PMID: 24206821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiologic data have confirmed that undernutrition or overnutrition during critical periods of life can result in metabolic dysfunction, leading to the development of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, later in life. These studies have contributed to the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), which involves metabolic programming patterns. Beyond the earlier phases of development, puberty can be an additional period of plasticity, during which any insult can lead to changes in metabolism. Impaired brain development, associated with imbalanced autonomous nervous system activity due to metabolic programming, is pivotal to the creation of pathophysiology. Excess glucocorticoid exposure, due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis deregulation, is also involved in malprogramming in early life. Additionally, the pancreatic islets appear to play a decisive role in the setup and maintenance of these metabolic dysfunctions as key targets of metabolic programming, and epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these changes. Moreover, studies have indicated the possibility that deprogramming renders the islets able to recover their functioning after malprogramming. In this review, we discuss the key roles of the pancreatic islets as targets of malprogramming; however, we also discuss their roles as important targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
O'Dowd JF, Stocker CJ. Endocrine pancreatic development: impact of obesity and diet. Front Physiol 2013; 4:170. [PMID: 23882220 PMCID: PMC3714448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, multipotent endodermal cells differentiate to form the pancreas. Islet cell clusters arising from the pancreatic bud form the acini tissue and exocrine ducts whilst pancreatic islets form around the edges of the clusters. The successive steps of islet differentiation are controlled by a complex network of transcription factors and signals that influence cell differentiation, growth and lineage. A Westernized lifestyle has led to an increased consumption of a high saturated fat diet, and an increase in maternal obesity. The developing fetus is highly sensitive to the intrauterine environment, therefore any alteration in maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation which affects the in-utero environment during the key developmental phases of the pancreas may change the factors controlling β-cell development and β-cell mass. Whilst the molecular mechanisms behind the adaptive programming of β-cells are still poorly understood it is established that changes arising from maternal obesity and/or over-nutrition may affect the ability to maintain fetal β-cell mass resulting in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F O'Dowd
- Metabolic Diseases Group, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham Buckingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|