1
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Pham TD, Verlander JW, Chen C, Pech V, Kim HI, Kim YH, Weiner ID, Milne GL, Zent R, Bock F, Brown D, Eaton A, Wall SM. Angiotensin II acts through Rac1 to upregulate pendrin: role of NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F202-F218. [PMID: 38059296 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II increases apical plasma membrane pendrin abundance and function. This study explored the role of the small GTPase Rac1 in the regulation of pendrin by angiotensin II. To do this, we generated intercalated cell (IC) Rac1 knockout mice and observed that IC Rac1 gene ablation reduced the relative abundance of pendrin in the apical region of intercalated cells in angiotensin II-treated mice but not vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, the Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864 reduced apical pendrin abundance in angiotensin II-treated mice, through a mechanism that does not require aldosterone. This IC angiotensin II-Rac1 signaling cascade modulates pendrin subcellular distribution without significantly changing actin organization. However, NADPH oxidase inhibition with APX 115 reduced apical pendrin abundance in vivo in angiotensin II-treated mice. Moreover, superoxide dismutase mimetics reduced Cl- absorption in angiotensin II-treated cortical collecting ducts perfused in vitro. Since Rac1 is an NADPH subunit, Rac1 may modulate pendrin through NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Because pendrin gene ablation blunts the pressor response to angiotensin II, we asked if pendrin blunts the angiotensin II-induced increase in kidney superoxide. Although kidney superoxide was similar in vehicle-treated wild-type and pendrin knockout mice, it was lower in angiotensin II-treated pendrin-null kidneys than in wild-type kidneys. We conclude that angiotensin II acts through Rac1, independently of aldosterone, to increase apical pendrin abundance. Rac1 may stimulate pendrin, at least partly, through NADPH oxidase. This increase in pendrin abundance contributes to the increment in blood pressure and kidney superoxide content seen in angiotensin II-treated mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study defines a new signaling mechanism by which angiotensin II modulates oxidative stress and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truyen D Pham
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Vladimir Pech
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hailey I Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amity Eaton
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Susan M Wall
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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2
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Hejazian SM, Ardalan M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Anagnostou F, Zununi Vahed S, Pavon-Djavid G. Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2206-2227. [PMID: 37659096 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in-depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7052 INSERM U1271, B3OA, Paris, France
| | | | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Villetaneuse, France
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3
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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4
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Atakishizada S, Valiyeva M, Ardalan M, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T. Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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5
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Circulating Permeability Factors in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: In V itro Detection. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2691-2703. [PMID: 36506233 PMCID: PMC9727530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The recurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is considered proof of the presence of circulating permeability factors (CPFs). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of plasma CPFs using series of in vitro assays. Methods Podocytes and endothelial cells (glomerular microvascular endothelial cells [GMVECs]) were incubated with plasma from FSGS patients with presumed CPFs in relapse and remission and from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and healthy controls (hCtrls). Cell viability, podocyte actin cytoskeleton architecture, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation with or without ROS scavenger were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining, and CM-H2DCFDA probing, respectively. Results Presumed CPF-containing plasma causes a series of events in podocytes but not in GMVECs. These events include actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and excessive formation of ROS, which results in podocyte loss. These effects were solely observed in response to CPF plasma collected during relapse, but not in response to plasma of hCtrls, or patients with SRNS, SSNS, and MN. The copresence of dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of ROS, abolished the aforementioned effects of CPF plasma. Conclusion We provide a panel of in vitro bioassays to measure podocyte injury and predict the presence of CPFs in plasma of patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), providing a new framework for monitoring CPF activity that may contribute to future NS diagnostics or used for disease monitoring purposes. Moreover, our findings suggest that the inhibition of ROS formation or facilitating rapid ROS scavenging may exert beneficial effects in patients with CPFs.
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6
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Semenikhina M, Stefanenko M, Spires DR, Ilatovskaya DV, Palygin O. Nitric-Oxide-Mediated Signaling in Podocyte Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060745. [PMID: 35740870 PMCID: PMC9221338 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney. NO plays a complex role in glomerular ultrafiltration, vasodilation, and inflammation. Changes in NO bioavailability in pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension or diabetes may lead to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and rapid development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the extensive data highlighting essential functions of NO in health and pathology, related signaling in glomerular cells, particularly podocytes, is understudied. Several reports indicate that NO bioavailability in glomerular cells is decreased during the development of renal pathology, while restoring NO level can be beneficial for glomerular function. At the same time, the compromised activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may provoke the formation of peroxynitrite and has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is known that the changes in the distribution of NO sources due to shifts in NOS subunits expression or modifications of NADPH oxidases activity may be linked to or promote the development of pathology. However, there is a lack of information about the detailed mechanisms describing the production and release of NO in the glomerular cells. The interaction of NO and other reactive oxygen species in podocytes and how NO-calcium crosstalk regulates glomerular cells’ function is still largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent reports describing signaling, synthesis, and known pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by the changes in NO homeostasis in the podocyte. The understanding and further investigation of these essential mechanisms in glomerular cells will facilitate the design of novel strategies to prevent or manage health conditions that cause glomerular and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (D.R.S.); (D.V.I.)
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (M.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gadolinium-based contrast agent accelerates the migration of astrocyte via integrin αvβ3 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5850. [PMID: 35393504 PMCID: PMC8990080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are chemicals injected intravenously during magnetic resonance imaging to enhance the diagnostic yield. Repeated use of GBCAs causes their deposition in the brain. Such deposition may affect various neuronal cells, including astrocytes. In this study, we examined the effect of GBCAs (Omniscan, Magnescope, Magnevist, and Gadovist) on astrocyte migration, which is critical for formation of neurons during development and maintaining brain homeostasis. All GBCAs increased cell migration and adhesion with increased actin remodelling. Knockdown of integrin αvβ3 by RNAi or exposure to integrin αvβ3 inhibitor reduced astrocyte migration. GBCAs increased phosphorylation of downstream factors of αvβ3, such as FAK, ERK1/2, and Akt. The phosphorylation of all these factors were reduced by RNAi or integrin αvβ3 inhibitor. GBCAs also increased the phosphorylation of their downstream factor, Rac1/cdc42, belonging to the RhoGTPases family. Coexposure to the selective RhoGTPases inhibitors, decreased the effects of GBCAs on cell migration. These findings indicate that GBCAs exert their action via integrin αvβ3 to activate the signaling pathway, resulting in increased astrocyte migration. Thus, the findings of the study suggest that it is important to avoid the repeated use of GBCAs to prevent adverse side effects in the brain, particularly during development.
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8
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Podocytopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030403. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathies are kidney diseases that are driven by podocyte injury with proteinuria and proteinuria-related symptoms as the main clinical presentations. Albeit podocytopathies are the major contributors to end-stage kidney disease, the underlying molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury remain to be elucidated. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is associated with kidney diseases, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of podocytopathies. Accumulating evidence has placed mitochondrial oxidative stress in the focus of cell death research. Excessive generated reactive oxygen species over antioxidant defense under pathological conditions lead to oxidative damage to cellular components and regulate cell death in the podocyte. Conversely, exogenous antioxidants can protect podocyte from cell death. This review provides an overview of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in podocytopathies and discusses its role in the cell death of the podocyte, aiming to identify the novel targets to improve the treatment of patients with podocytopathies.
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9
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Abstract
Rho family GTPases are molecular switches best known for their pivotal role in dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, but also of cellular morphology, motility, adhesion and proliferation. The prototypic members of this family (RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42) also contribute to the normal kidney function and play important roles in the structure and function of various kidney cells including tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells and podocytes. The kidney's vital filtration function depends on the structural integrity of the glomerulus, the proximal portion of the nephron. Within the glomerulus, the architecturally actin-based cytoskeleton podocyte forms the final cellular barrier to filtration. The glomerulus appears as a highly dynamic signalling hub that is capable of integrating intracellular cues from its individual structural components. Dynamic regulation of the podocyte cytoskeleton is required for efficient barrier function of the kidney. As master regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases are therefore of critical importance for sustained kidney barrier function. Dysregulated activities of the Rho GTPases and of their effectors are implicated in the pathogenesis of both hereditary and idiopathic forms of kidney diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease that is caused by injury to kidney glomeruli. High glucose activates RhoA/Rho-kinase in mesangial cells, leading to excessive extracellular matrix production (glomerulosclerosis). This RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway also seems involved in the post-transplant hypertension frequently observed during treatment with calcineurin inhibitors, whereas Rac1 activation was observed in post-transplant ischaemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Steichen
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France,Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Claude Hervé
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France,CONTACT Claude HervéInserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm UMR-1082 Irtomit, Poitiers, France,Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France,Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie, Université De Poitiers, Poitiers, France,Department of Medical Biology, Service De Biochimie, CHU De Poitiers, Poitiers, France,Laboratoire STIM CNRS ERL 7003, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cédex, France
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10
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Rapamycin attenuates PLA2R activation-mediated podocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112349. [PMID: 34700229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults without diabetes. Primary MN has been associated with circulating antibodies against native podocyte antigens, including phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R); however, precision therapy targeting the signaling cascade of PLA2R activation is lacking. Both PLA2R and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exist in podocytes, but the interplay between these two proteins and their roles in MN warrants further exploration. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk between PLA2R activation and mTOR signaling in a human podocyte cell line. We demonstrated that podocyte apoptosis was induced by Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2IB) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mTOR, and inhibited by rapamycin or LY294002. Furthermore, aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway triggers both extrinsic (caspase-8 and caspase-3) and intrinsic (Bcl-2-associated X protein [BAX], B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL-2], cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3) apoptotic cascades in podocytes. The therapeutic implications of our findings are that strategies to reduce PLA2R activation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition in PLA2R-activated podocytes help protect podocytes from apoptosis. The therapeutic potential of rapamycin shown in this study provides cellular evidence supporting the repurposing of rapamycin for MN treatment.
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11
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Pfeiffer CT, Wang J, Paulo JA, Jiang X, Gygi SP, Rockman HA. Mapping Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Biased Signaling Using Proximity Labeling and Proteomics Identifies Diverse Actions of Biased Agonists. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3256-3267. [PMID: 33950683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) are one of the most widely studied G-protein-coupled receptors. To fully appreciate the diversity in cellular signaling profiles activated by AT1R transducer-biased ligands, we utilized peroxidase-catalyzed proximity labeling to capture proteins in close proximity to AT1Rs in response to six different ligands: angiotensin II (full agonist), S1I8 (partial agonist), TRV055 and TRV056 (G-protein-biased agonists), and TRV026 and TRV027 (β-arrestin-biased agonists) at 90 s, 10 min, and 60 min after stimulation (ProteomeXchange Identifier PXD023814). We systematically analyzed the kinetics of AT1R trafficking and determined that distinct ligands lead AT1R to different cellular compartments for downstream signaling activation and receptor degradation/recycling. Distinct proximity labeling of proteins from a number of functional classes, including GTPases, adaptor proteins, and kinases, was activated by different ligands suggesting unique signaling and physiological roles of the AT1R. Ligands within the same class, that is, either G-protein-biased or β-arrestin-biased, shared high similarity in their labeling profiles. A comparison between ligand classes revealed distinct signaling activation such as greater labeling by G-protein-biased ligands on ESCRT-0 complex proteins that act as the sorting machinery for ubiquitinated proteins. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of AT1R receptor-trafficking kinetics and signaling activation profiles induced by distinct classes of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad T Pfeiffer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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12
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Angeletti A, Cantarelli C, Petrosyan A, Andrighetto S, Budge K, D'Agati VD, Hartzell S, Malvi D, Donadei C, Thurman JM, Galešić-Ljubanović D, He JC, Xiao W, Campbell KN, Wong J, Fischman C, Manrique J, Zaza G, Fiaccadori E, La Manna G, Fribourg M, Leventhal J, Da Sacco S, Perin L, Heeger PS, Cravedi P. Loss of decay-accelerating factor triggers podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151976. [PMID: 32717081 PMCID: PMC7478737 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney glomerulosclerosis commonly progresses to end-stage kidney failure, but pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that podocyte expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF/CD55), a complement C3 convertase regulator, crucially controls disease in murine models of adriamycin (ADR)-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic glomerulosclerosis. ADR induces enzymatic cleavage of DAF from podocyte surfaces, leading to complement activation. C3 deficiency or prevention of C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling abrogates disease despite DAF deficiency, confirming complement dependence. Mechanistic studies show that C3a/C3aR ligations on podocytes initiate an autocrine IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling loop that reduces nephrin expression, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Uncoupling IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling prevents disease, providing a causal link. Glomeruli of patients with FSGS lack DAF and stain positive for C3d, and urinary C3a positively correlates with the degree of proteinuria. Together, our data indicate that the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis involve loss of podocyte DAF, triggering local, complement-dependent, IL-1β–induced podocyte injury, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sofia Andrighetto
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kelly Budge
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Deborah Malvi
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Donadei
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Wong
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Clara Fischman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joaquin Manrique
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Leventhal
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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13
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Caster DJ, Korte EA, Merchant ML, Klein JB, Barati MT, Joglekar A, Wilkey DW, Coventry S, Hata J, Rovin BH, Harley JB, Namjou-Khales B, McLeish KR, Powell DW. Patients with Proliferative Lupus Nephritis Have Autoantibodies That React to Moesin and Demonstrate Increased Glomerular Moesin Expression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040793. [PMID: 33669337 PMCID: PMC7920286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)—termed lupus nephritis (LN)—is a severe manifestation of SLE that can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). LN is characterized by immune complex deposition and inflammation in the glomerulus. We tested the hypothesis that autoantibodies targeting podocyte and glomerular cell proteins contribute to the development of immune complex formation in LN. We used Western blotting with SLE sera from patients with and without LN to identify target antigens in human glomerular and cultured human-derived podocyte membrane proteins. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we identified the proteins in the gel regions corresponding to reactive bands observed with sera from LN patients. We identified 102 proteins that were present in both the podocyte and glomerular samples. We identified 10 high-probability candidates, including moesin, using bioinformatic analysis. Confirmation of moesin as a target antigen was conducted using immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of kidney biopsy tissue and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect circulating antibodies. By IHC, biopsies from patients with proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN, class III/IV) demonstrated significantly increased glomerular expression of moesin (p < 0.01). By ELISA, patients with proliferative LN demonstrated significantly increased antibodies against moesin (p < 0.01). This suggests that moesin is a target glomerular antigen in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J. Caster
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-502-852-5757
| | - Erik A. Korte
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Jon B. Klein
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Michelle T. Barati
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Ami Joglekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Susan Coventry
- Pathology Department, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jessica Hata
- Pathology Department, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Brad H. Rovin
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - John B. Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.B.H.); (B.N.-K.)
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou-Khales
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.B.H.); (B.N.-K.)
| | - Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - David W. Powell
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.L.M.); (J.B.K.); (M.T.B.); (A.J.); (D.W.W.); (K.R.M.); (D.W.P.)
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14
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Ariyani W, Miyazaki W, Amano I, Hanamura K, Shirao T, Koibuchi N. Soy Isoflavones Accelerate Glial Cell Migration via GPER-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:554941. [PMID: 33250856 PMCID: PMC7672195 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.554941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones, such as genistein, daidzein, and its metabolite, S-equol, are widely known as phytoestrogens. Their biological actions are thought to be exerted via the estrogen signal transduction pathway. Estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2), play a crucial role in the development and functional maintenance of the central nervous system. E2 bind to the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and regulates morphogenesis, migration, functional maturation, and intracellular metabolism of neurons and glial cells. In addition to binding to nuclear ER, E2 also binds to the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and activates the nongenomic estrogen signaling pathway. Soybean isoflavones also bind to the ER and GPER. However, the effect of soybean isoflavone on brain development, particularly glial cell function, remains unclear. We examined the effects of soybean isoflavones using an astrocyte-enriched culture and astrocyte-derived C6 clonal cells. Isoflavones increased glial cell migration. This augmentation was suppressed by co-exposure with G15, a selective GPER antagonist, or knockdown of GPER expression using RNA interference. Isoflavones also activated actin cytoskeleton arrangement via increased actin polymerization and cortical actin, resulting in an increased number and length of filopodia. Isoflavones exposure increased the phosphorylation levels of FAK (Tyr397 and Tyr576/577), ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), Akt (Ser473), and Rac1/cdc42 (Ser71), and the expression levels of cortactin, paxillin and ERα. These effects were suppressed by knockdown of the GPER. Co-exposure of isoflavones to the selective RhoA inhibitor, rhosin, selective Cdc42 inhibitor, casin, or Rac1/Cdc42 inhibitor, ML-141, decreased the effects of isoflavones on cell migration. These findings indicate that soybean isoflavones exert their action via the GPER to activate the PI3K/FAK/Akt/RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 signaling pathway, resulting in increased glial cell migration. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies to examine the binding mode of isoflavones to the GPER revealed the possibility that isoflavones bind directly to the GPER at the same position as E2, further confirming that the effects of the isoflavones are at least in part exerted via the GPER signal transduction pathway. The findings of the present study indicate that isoflavones may be an effective supplement to promote astrocyte migration in developing and/or injured adult brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ariyani
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Wataru Miyazaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Blaine J, Dylewski J. Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Podocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071700. [PMID: 32708597 PMCID: PMC7408282 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are an integral part of the glomerular filtration barrier, a structure that prevents filtration of large proteins and macromolecules into the urine. Podocyte function is dependent on actin cytoskeleton regulation within the foot processes, structures that link podocytes to the glomerular basement membrane. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics in podocyte foot processes are complex and regulated by multiple proteins and other factors. There are two key signal integration and structural hubs within foot processes that regulate the actin cytoskeleton: the slit diaphragm and focal adhesions. Both modulate actin filament extension as well as foot process mobility. No matter what the initial cause, the final common pathway of podocyte damage is dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton leading to foot process retraction and proteinuria. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton can be due to acquired causes or to genetic mutations in key actin regulatory and signaling proteins. Here, we describe the major structural and signaling components that regulate the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes as well as acquired and genetic causes of actin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Blaine
- Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - James Dylewski
- Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Denver Health Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-724-4841
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16
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Angiotensin II promotes podocyte injury by activating Arf6-Erk1/2-Nox4 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229747. [PMID: 32119711 PMCID: PMC7051060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key contributor to glomerular disease by predominantly resulting in podocyte injury, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate if and how ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small GTP-binding protein, involves Ang II-induced cellular injury in cultured human podocytes. Cellular injury was evaluated with caspase 3 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and TUNEL assay. Arf6 activity was measured using an Arf6-GTP Pull-Down Assay. Ang II significantly enhanced Arf6 expressions accompanied by increase of Arf6-GTP. The TUNEL-positive cells as well as activated caspase 3, NADPH oxidase 4 protein (Nox4) and ROS levels were dramatically increased in Ang II-treated podocytes, which was prevented by secinH3, an Arf6 activity inhibitor. Induction of ROS by Ang II was inhibited in podocytes with Nox4 knockdown. Ang II-induced elevation of Nox4 and ROS was prevented by Arf6 knockdown. Phpspho-Erk1/2Thr202/Tyr204 levels were upregulated remarkably following Ang II treatment, and Erk inhibitor LY3214996 significantly downregulated Nox4 expression. In addition, Ang II decreased CD2AP expression. Overexpression of CD2AP prevented Ang II-induced upregulation of Arf6-GTP. Our data demonstrated that Ang II promotes ROS production and podocytes injury through activation of Arf6-Erk1/2-Nox4 signaling. We also provided evidence that Ang II activates Arf6 by degradation of CD2AP.
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17
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Lepa C, Möller-Kerutt A, Stölting M, Picciotto C, Eddy ML, Butt E, Kerjaschki D, Korb-Pap A, Vollenbröker B, Weide T, George B, Kremerskothen J, Pavenstädt H. LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP-1): A novel link between the slit membrane and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in podocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:5453-5464. [PMID: 32086849 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901443r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The foot processes of podocytes exhibit a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which maintains their complex cell structure and antagonizes the elastic forces of the glomerular capillary. Interdigitating secondary foot processes form a highly selective filter for proteins in the kidney, the slit membrane. Knockdown of slit membrane components such as Nephrin or Neph1 and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins such as CD2AP in mice leads to breakdown of the filtration barrier with foot process effacement, proteinuria, and early death of the mice. Less is known about the crosstalk between the slit membrane-associated proteins and cytoskeletal components inside the podocyte foot processes. Our study shows that LASP-1, an actin-binding protein, is highly expressed in podocytes. Electron microscopy studies demonstrate that LASP-1 is found at the slit membrane suggesting a role in anchoring slit membrane components to the actin cytoskeleton. Live cell imaging experiments with transfected podocytes reveal that LASP-1 is either part of a highly dynamic granular complex or a static, actin cytoskeleton-bound protein. We identify CD2AP as a novel LASP-1 binding partner that regulates its association with the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is crucial for podocyte function, leads to phosphorylation and altered localization of LASP-1. In vivo studies using the Drosophila nephrocyte model indicate that Lasp is necessary for the slit membrane integrity and functional filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lepa
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Möller-Kerutt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Stölting
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cara Picciotto
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mee-Ling Eddy
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elke Butt
- Institutfür Experimentelle Biomedizin II, Klinikum der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Klinisches Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Adelheid Korb-Pap
- Institut für Experimentelle Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beate Vollenbröker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta George
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Excessive arachidonic acid induced actin bunching remodeling and podocyte injury via a PKA-c-Abl dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 388:111808. [PMID: 31891685 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that serum secretory phospholipase A2 group IB (sPLA2-IB) is associated with proteinuric kidney diseases and plays a pivotal role in podocyte injury via its natural receptor. Arachidonic acid (AA), as a major metabolite of sPLA2-IB, regulates the actin bungling remodeling and contributes to the podocyte injury. However, the underlying mechanism of AA in the regulation of podocyte actin remodeling and human podocyte injury is unclear. Here, we reported that AA induced F-actin cytoskeletal ring formation and promoted protein kinase A (PKA), nephrin and c-Abl phosphorylation. Moreover, AA promoted c-Abl translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased the recruitment of c-Abl to p-nephrin by the interaction between them. H89 (PKA inhibitor) provided protection against AA-induced F-actin bunching remodeling, down-regulated nephrin phosphorylation, and suppressed the c-Abl translocation and activation. STI571 (c-Abl inhibitor) also improved the AA associated F-actin bunching remodeling. In addition, H89 and STI571 both alleviated apoptosis and adhesion damage of podocyte. These results indicate that an excess of AA treatment is detrimental to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton and promotes podocyte injury due to the activation of PKA-c-Abl signaling.
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19
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Zhou D, Fu H, Han Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Lin L, Stolz DB, Liu Y. Sonic hedgehog connects podocyte injury to mesangial activation and glomerulosclerosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130515. [PMID: 31647783 PMCID: PMC6948867 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disease is characterized by proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, two pathologic features caused by podocyte injury and mesangial cell activation, respectively. However, whether these two events are linked remains elusive. Here, we report that sonic hedgehog (Shh) is the mediator that connects podocyte damage to mesangial activation and glomerulosclerosis. Shh was induced in glomerular podocytes in various models of proteinuric chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, mesangial cells in the glomeruli, but not podocytes, responded to hedgehog ligand. In vitro, Shh was induced in podocytes after injury and selectively promoted mesangial cell activation and proliferation. In a miniorgan culture of isolated glomeruli, Shh promoted mesangial activation but did not affect the integrity of podocytes. Podocyte-specific ablation of Shh in vivo exhibited no effect on proteinuria after adriamycin injection but hampered mesangial activation and glomerulosclerosis. Consistently, pharmacologic blockade of Shh signaling decoupled proteinuria from glomerulosclerosis. In humans, Shh was upregulated in glomerular podocytes in patients with CKD and its circulating level was associated with glomerulosclerosis but not proteinuria. These studies demonstrate that Shh mechanistically links podocyte injury to mesangial activation in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Our findings also illustrate a crucial role for podocyte-mesangial communication in connecting proteinuria to glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Ariyani W, Miyazaki W, Koibuchi N. A Novel Mechanism of S-equol Action in Neurons and Astrocytes: The Possible Involvement of GPR30/GPER1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205178. [PMID: 31635400 PMCID: PMC6829462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-equol is a major bacterial metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein. It is known to be a phytoestrogen that acts by binding to the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) that are expressed in various brain regions, including the cerebellum. However, the effects of S-equol on cerebellar development and function have not yet been extensively studied. In this study, the effects of S-equol were evaluated using a mouse primary cerebellar culture, Neuro-2A clonal cells, and an astrocyte-enriched culture. S-equol augmented the dendrite arborization of Purkinje cells induced by triiodothyronine (T3) and the neurite growth of Neuro-2A cell differentiation. Such augmentation was suppressed by G15, a selective G-protein coupled ER (GPR30) antagonist, and ICI 182,780, an antagonist for ERs in both cultures. On the other hand, in astrocytes, S-equol induced cell proliferation and cell migration with an increase in the phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and F-actin rearrangements. Such effects were suppressed by G15, but not by ICI. These findings indicated that S-equol may enhanced cerebellar development by affecting both neurons and astrocytes through several signaling pathways, including GPR30 and ERs. We here report a novel mechanism of S-equol in cerebellar development that may provide a novel possibility to use S-equol supplementation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ariyani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Wataru Miyazaki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho Aomori, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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21
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Jeong J, Lee J, Lim J, Cho S, An S, Lee M, Yoon N, Seo M, Lim S, Park S. Soluble RAGE attenuates AngII-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by disrupting HMGB1-mediated crosstalk between AT1R and RAGE. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31562296 PMCID: PMC6802637 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability, one of the earliest signs of endothelial dysfunction, is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent studies suggest that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) regulates endothelial permeability in inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of RAGE in endothelial hyperpermeability induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), a well-known inflammatory mediator, and the potential therapeutic effect of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), a decoy receptor for RAGE ligands. For in vitro studies, Ang II-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with siRNA specific to either RAGE or sRAGE to disrupt RAGE-mediated signaling. Endothelial permeability was estimated using FITC-labeled dextran 40 and a resistance meter. To evaluate intercellular junction disruption, VE-cadherin expression was examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Ang II increased the expression of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and RAGE, and this increase was inhibited by sRAGE. sRAGE prevented Ang II-induced VE-cadherin disruption in HUVECs. For in vivo studies, Ang II-infused, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knockout mice were utilized. Endothelial permeability was assessed by Evans blue staining of the aorta. Ang II increased endothelial barrier permeability, and this effect was significantly attenuated by sRAGE. Our data demonstrate that blockade of RAGE signaling using sRAGE attenuates Ang II-induced endothelial barrier permeability in vitro and in vivo and indicate the therapeutic potential of sRAGE in controlling vascular permeability under pathological conditions. A decoy version of a protein involved in regulating the leakiness of blood vessels can help ameliorate vascular problems that lead to high blood pressure and plaque deposition in the arteries. A team from South Korea led by Soyeon Lim from Catholic Kwandong University in Gangneung and Sungha Park from Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul induced hyper-permeability in both human vein cells and atherosclerosis-prone mice. They then blocked signaling through a membrane-bound protein called RAGE, a receptor that helps boost vessel permeability by using a soluble version of this same protein. In both the human cells and mouse models, this free-floating RAGE bound and blocked the receptor’s normal activator, leading to suppressed permeability and improved function of the blood vessel lining. This decoy strategy holds therapeutic promise for people prone to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Jeong
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lim
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyoung Cho
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyoung An
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Myungeun Lee
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Nara Yoon
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Miran Seo
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25601, Korea.
| | - Sungha Park
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.
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22
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Inoue K, Tian X, Velazquez H, Soda K, Wang Z, Pedigo CE, Wang Y, Cross E, Groener M, Shin JW, Li W, Hassan H, Yamamoto K, Mundel P, Ishibe S. Inhibition of Endocytosis of Clathrin-Mediated Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 in Podocytes Augments Glomerular Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2307-2320. [PMID: 31511362 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system remains a cornerstone in reducing proteinuria and progression of kidney failure, effects believed to be the result of reduction in BP and glomerular hyperfiltration. However, studies have yielded conflicting results on whether podocyte-specific angiotensin II (AngII) signaling directly induces podocyte injury. Previous research has found that after AngII stimulation, β-arrestin-bound angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is internalized in a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent manner, and that Dynamin1 and Dynamin2 double-knockout mice exhibit impaired clathrin-mediated endocytosis. METHODS We used podocyte-specific Dyn double-knockout mice to examine AngII-stimulated AT1R internalization and signaling in primary podocytes and controls. We also examined the in vivo effect of AngII in these double-knockout mice through renin-angiotensin system blockers and through deletion of Agtr1a (which encodes the predominant AT1R isoform expressed in kidney, AT1aR). We tested calcium influx, Rac1 activation, and lamellipodial extension in control and primary podocytes of Dnm double-knockout mice treated with AngII. RESULTS We confirmed augmented AngII-stimulated AT1R signaling in primary Dnm double-knockout podocytes resulting from arrest of clathrin-coated pit turnover. Genetic ablation of podocyte Agtr1a in Dnm double-knockout mice demonstrated improved albuminuria and kidney function compared with the double-knockout mice. Isolation of podocytes from Dnm double-knockout mice revealed abnormal membrane dynamics, with increased Rac1 activation and lamellipodial extension, which was attenuated in Dnm double-knockout podocytes lacking AT1aR. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inhibiting aberrant podocyte-associated AT1aR signaling pathways has a protective effect in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Inoue
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keita Soda
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhen Wang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Wang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwin Groener
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jee-Won Shin
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Li
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hossam Hassan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
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23
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Huang F, Sheng XX, Zhang HJ. DUSP26 regulates podocyte oxidative stress and fibrosis in a mouse model with diabetic nephropathy through the mediation of ROS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:410-416. [PMID: 31155289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Unfortunately, the pathogenetic mechanism of DN is far from to be understood. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) is a member of the Dusp protein family, and is suggested to be involved in divers biological and pathological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in the development of DN is still vague. In this study, we found that DUSP26 expression was increased in kidney of DN patients. Then, the wild type (DUSP26+/+) and gene knockout (DUSP26-/-) mice were used to further explore the effects of DUSP26 on DN development induced by streptozotocin (STZ). DUSP26 deficiency accelerated renal injury and dysfunction, as evidenced by the elevated glomerulosclerosis, reduced expression of Nephrin and promoted glomerular basement membrane thickness. In addition, STZ treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, H2O2 overproduction and superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduction in renal cortex or glomeruli of mice. The ROS production caused the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling in kidney glomeruli of STZ-induced mice. These in vivo pathological processes were further confirmed in the differentiated podocytes stimulated by glucose (GLU). Intriguingly, we found that STZ-induced DN as mentioned above was further accelerated by DUSP26-/- in mice following STZ injection. Moreover, STZ-induced fibrosis in kidney glomeruli of DN mice was markedly prolonged in DUSP26-knockout mice through potentiating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression. More importantly, reducing ROS generation could significantly abolish DUSP26 knockdown-exacerbated TGF-β1 expression and MAPKs activation, thereby protecting podocytes from GLU-induced podocyte injury. Thus, DUSP26-regulated DN development was largely dependent on ROS generation. Taken together, we concluded that DUSP26 might be a promising therapeutic target for developing effective treatments against DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi City People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276003, China.
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24
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Angiotensin II-mediated MYH9 downregulation causes structural and functional podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7679. [PMID: 31118506 PMCID: PMC6531474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MYH9, a widely expressed gene encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain, is also expressed in podocytes and is associated with glomerular pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms underlying MYH9-related glomerular diseases associated with proteinuria are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of MYH9 in diabetic kidney injury. MYH9 expression was decreased in glomeruli from diabetic patients and animals and in podocytes treated with Ang II in vitro. Ang II treatment and siRNA-mediated MYH9 knockdown in podocytes resulted in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, reduced cell adhesion, actin-associated protein downregulation, and increased albumin permeability. Ang II treatment increased NOX4 expression and ROS generation. The Ang II receptor blocker losartan and the ROS scavenger NAC restored MYH9 expression in Ang II-treated podocytes, attenuated disrupted actin cytoskeleton and decreased albumin permeability. Furthermore, MYH9 overexpression in podocytes restored the effects of Ang II on the actin cytoskeleton and actin-associated proteins. Ang II-mediated TRPC6 activation reduced MYH9 expression. These results suggest that Ang II-mediated MYH9 depletion in diabetic nephropathy may increase filtration barrier permeability by inducing structural and functional podocyte injury through TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx by NOX4-mediated ROS generation. These findings reveal a novel MYH9 function in maintaining urinary filtration barrier integrity. MYH9 may be a potential target for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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25
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Agrawal P, Nada R, Ramachandran R, Rayat CS, Kumar A, Kohli HS. Loss of Subpodocytic Space Predicts Poor Response to Tacrolimus in Steroid-Resistant Calcineurin Inhibitor-Naïve Adult-Onset Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Indian J Nephrol 2019; 29:90-94. [PMID: 30983748 PMCID: PMC6440328 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_422_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. The question as to why only a subset of patients responds to treatment in unanswered. In the past few years, change of podocytic phenotype from stationary type in health to migratory type in disease has been described, of which loss of subpodocytic space is a surrogate marker. Diagnostic biopsies of adult-onset steroid-resistant calcineurin inhibitor-naïve primary FSGS cases, which were subsequently treated with tacrolimus were included in this retrospective study conducted from 2011 to 2013. The ultrastructure of all cases was studied in detail, especially in context to the presence or absence of subpodocytic space. In the present study, we have compared presence or absence of subpodocytic space in tacrolimus-responsive versus tacrolimus-resistant cases to identify potential electron microscopic features predictive of response to treatment, of which loss of subpodocytic space indicating migratory phenotype is the most important and consistent feature. The present series included 7 tacrolimus responsive cases (includes two cases with partial response) and seven tacrolimus-resistant cases. The tacrolimus-resistant patients were of older age, had a longer duration of illness, and a lower eGFR as compared to tacrolimus responsive cases. The subpodocytic space was preserved in patients on tacrolimus with complete remission and lost in patients with partial response and tacrolimus-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agrawal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Ramachandran
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - C S Rayat
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H S Kohli
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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26
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miRNA Quantification Method Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Conjunction with C q Method. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1706:257-265. [PMID: 29423803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that function to regulate gene expression. In general, miRNAs are posttranscriptional regulators that imperfectly bind to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs bearing complementary sequences, and target more than half of all protein-coding genes in the human genome. The dysregulation of miRNA expression and activity has been linked with numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. To better understand the relationship between miRNAs and human disease, a variety of techniques have been used to measure and validate miRNA expression in many cells, tissues, body fluids, and organs. For many years, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been the gold standard for measuring relative gene expression, and is now also widely used to assess miRNA abundance. In this chapter, we describe a quick protocol for miRNA extraction, reverse transcription, qPCR, and data analysis.
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27
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You Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Li Y, Wang G, Jin S, Zhu X, Wu B, Du X, Li X. Angiotensin (1-7) inhibits arecoline-induced migration and collagen synthesis in human oral myofibroblasts via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4668-4680. [PMID: 30246378 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline induces oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) via promoting the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) protects against fibrosis by counteracting angiotensin II (Ang-II) via the Mas receptor. However, the effects of Ang-(1-7) on OSF remain unknown. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is identified as the novel mechanism of fibrosis. Whereas the effects of arecoline on NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. We aimed to explore the effect of Ang-(1-7) on NLRP3 inflammasome in human oral myofibroblasts. In vivo, activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes with an increase of Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) protein level and ROS production in human oral fibrosis tissues. Ang-(1-7) improved arecoline-induced rats OSF, reduced protein levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro, arecoline increased ROS along with upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/AT1R axis and NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1β axis in human oral myofibroblasts, which were reduced by NOX4 inhibitor VAS2870, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and NOX4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, arecoline induced collagen synthesis or migration via the Smad or RhoA-ROCK pathway respectively, which could be inhibited by NLRP3 siRNA or caspase-1 blocker VX-765. Ang-(1-7) shifted the balance of RAS toward the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis, inhibited arecoline-induced ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to attenuation of migration or collagen synthesis. In summary, Ang-(1-7) attenuates arecoline-induced migration and collagen synthesis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in human oral myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua You
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cadre's Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinya Du
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Haynes JM, Selby JN, Vandekolk TH, Abad IPL, Ho JK, Lieuw WL, Leach K, Savige J, Saini S, Fisher CL, Ricardo SD. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Podocyte-Like Cells as Models for Assessing Mechanisms Underlying Heritable Disease Phenotype: Initial Studies Using Two Alport Syndrome Patient Lines Indicate Impaired Potassium Channel Activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:335-347. [PMID: 30104322 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal podocyte survival depends upon the dynamic regulation of a complex cell architecture that links the glomerular basement membrane to integrins, ion channels, and receptors. Alport syndrome is a heritable chronic kidney disease where mutations in α3, α4, or α5 collagen genes promote podocyte death. In rodent models of renal failure, activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can protect podocytes from stress-related death. In this study, we assessed CaSR function in podocyte-like cells derived from induced-pluripotent stem cells from two patients with Alport Syndrome (AS1 & AS2) and a renal disease free individual [normal human mesangial cell (NHMC)], as well as a human immortalized podocyte-like (HIP) cell line. Extracellular calcium elicited concentration-dependent elevations of intracellular calcium in all podocyte-like cells. NHMC and HIP, but not AS1 or AS2 podocyte-like cells, also showed acute reductions in intracellular calcium prior to elevation. In NHMC podocyte-like cells this acute reduction was blocked by the large-conductance potassium channel (KCNMA1) inhibitors iberiotoxin (10 nM) and tetraethylammonium (5 mM), as well as the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor PF562271 (N-methyl-N-(3-((2-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-ylamino)-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl)-pyridin-2-yl)-methanesulfonamide, 10 nM). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunolabeling showed the presence of KCNMA1 transcript and protein in all podocyte-like cells tested. Cultivation of AS1 podocytes on decellularized plates of NHMC podocyte-like cells partially restored acute reductions in intracellular calcium in response to extracellular calcium. We conclude that the AS patient-derived podocyte-like cells used in this study showed dysfunctional integrin signaling and potassium channel function, which may contribute to podocyte death seen in Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - James N Selby
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Teresa H Vandekolk
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Isaiah P L Abad
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Joan K Ho
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Wai-Ling Lieuw
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Katie Leach
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Judith Savige
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Craig L Fisher
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.M.H., J.N.S., T.H.V., I.P.L.A., J.K.H., W.-L.L., K.L.) and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (S.S., C.L.F., S.D.R.), Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia (J.S.)
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29
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Chen M, Chen C, Yuan X, Chen X, Zheng F, Shao L, Zhang Z. Angiotensin II aggravates lipopolysaccharide induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells permeability in high glucose status. Endocr J 2018; 65:717-725. [PMID: 29709898 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung infection is one of the most common infections in diabetes mellitus and is characterized by increased pulmonary microvascular endothelial permeability. Local Angiotensin II (AngII) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. However, whether AngII can aggravate diabetic infectious lung injury is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AngII on the permeability of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in high glucose states in vitro. HPMVECs were divided into five groups: a control group (CON), a high glucose group (HG), an LPS + high glucose group (LH), an LPS + high glucose + AngII group (LHA), and an LPS + high glucose + Losartan group (LHL). The HPMVECs permeability as well as the F-actin levels, cytoskeleton, apoptosis and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated. Compared to the CON group, the HG, LH and LHA groups had significantly higher cellular permeability, cellular apoptosis and TNF-α levels, with more extensive cytoskeletal damage and lower F-actin levels. Additionally, cells in the LHA group exhibited significantly elevated permeability, apoptosis and TNF-α concentrations, lower F-actin levels and more extensive cytoskeletal damage than either the LH or HG group. However, compared to the HG or LH group, the LHL group showed significantly lower cellular permeability, cell apoptosis, cytoskeletal damage and TNF-α concentrations and higher F-actin levels. This study suggests that in a diabetic infectious lung injury cellular model, AngII could aggravate the permeability of HPMVEC via F-actin dynamics and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking the Angiotension II Type 1 Receptor could significantly alleviate the hyperpermeability of HPMVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430071, China
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30
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Schenk LK, Ousingsawat J, Skryabin BV, Schreiber R, Pavenstädt H, Kunzelmann K. Regulation and Function of TMEM16F in Renal Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061798. [PMID: 29912162 PMCID: PMC6032267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase and ion channel TMEM16F is expressed in podocytes of renal glomeruli. Podocytes are specialized cells that form interdigitating foot processes as an essential component of the glomerular filter. These cells, which participate in generation of the primary urine, are often affected during primary glomerular diseases, such as glomerulonephritis and secondary hypertensive or diabetic nephropathy, which always leads to proteinuria. Because the function of podocytes is known to be controlled by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, it is important to know about the role of Ca2+-activated TMEM16F in these cells. To that end, we generated an inducible TMEM16F knockdown in the podocyte cell line AB8, and produced a conditional mouse model with knockout of TMEM16F in podocytes and renal epithelial cells of the nephron. We found that knockdown of TMEM16F did not produce proteinuria or any obvious phenotypic changes. Knockdown of TMEM16F affected cell death of tubular epithelial cells but not of glomerular podocytes when analyzed in TUNEL assays. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other cell types, TMEM16F did not control intracellular Ca2+ signaling and was not responsible for Ca2+-activated whole cell currents in podocytes. TMEM16F levels in podocytes were enhanced after inhibition of the endolysosomal pathway and after treatment with angiotensin II. Renal knockout of TMEM16F did not compromise renal morphology and serum electrolytes. Taken together, in contrast to other cell types, such as platelets, bone cells, and immune cells, TMEM16F shows little effect on basal properties of podocytes and does not appear to be essential for renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Schenk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Boris V Skryabin
- Transgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), Department of Medicine, Westfälischen, Wilhelms⁻Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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31
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A Microfluidic Platform for Investigating Transmembrane Pressure-Induced Glomerular Leakage. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050228. [PMID: 30424161 PMCID: PMC6187271 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane pressure across the glomerular filter barrier may underlie renal failure. However, studies of renal failure have been difficult owing to a lack of in vitro models to capture the transmembrane pressure in a controlled approach. Here we report a microfluidic platform of podocyte culture to investigate transmembrane pressure induced glomerular leakage. Podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells essential for filtration function, were cultivated on a porous membrane supplied with transmembrane pressure ΔP. An anodic aluminum oxide membrane with collagen coating was used as the porous membrane, and the filtration function was evaluated using dextrans of different sizes. The results show that dextran in 20 kDa and 70 kDa can penetrate the podocyte membrane, whereas dextran in 500 kDa was blocked until ΔP ≥ 60 mmHg, which resembles the filtration function when ΔP was in the range of a healthy kidney (ΔP < 60 mmHg) as well as the hypertension-induced glomerular leakage (ΔP ≥ 60 mmHg). Additionally, analysis showed that synaptopodin and actin were also downregulated when ΔP > 30 mmHg, indicating that the dysfunction of renal filtration is correlated with the reduction of synaptopodin expression and disorganized actin cytoskeleton. Taking together, our microfluidic platform enables the investigation of transmembrane pressure in glomerular filter membrane, with potential implications for drug development in the future.
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32
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Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom EH, Clark AR, Dvela-Levitt M, Kim S, Sieber J, Wieder N, Jung JY, Andreeva S, Reichardt J, Dubois F, Hoffmann SC, Basgen JM, Montesinos MS, Weins A, Johnson AC, Lander ES, Garrett MR, Hopkins CR, Greka A. A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. Science 2018; 358:1332-1336. [PMID: 29217578 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progressive kidney diseases are often associated with scarring of the kidney's filtration unit, a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This scarring is due to loss of podocytes, cells critical for glomerular filtration, and leads to proteinuria and kidney failure. Inherited forms of FSGS are caused by Rac1-activating mutations, and Rac1 induces TRPC5 ion channel activity and cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes. Whether TRPC5 activity mediates FSGS onset and progression is unknown. We identified a small molecule, AC1903, that specifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats. Chronic administration of AC1903 suppressed severe proteinuria and prevented podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS. AC1903 also provided therapeutic benefit in a rat model of hypertensive proteinuric kidney disease. These data indicate that TRPC5 activity drives disease and that TRPC5 inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Philip Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Abbe R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetlana Andreeva
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jana Reichardt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank Dubois
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sigrid C Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M Basgen
- Life Sciences Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Science and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mónica S Montesinos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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33
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Abstract
Ezrin is highly expressed in glomerular podocytes and is reported to form a multi-protein complex with scaffold protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2) and podocalyxin, a major sialoprotein. Podocalyxin-knockout mice died within 24 h of birth with anuric renal failure, whereas NHERF2-knockout mice show no apparent changes in the glomerular functions. However, the physiological roles of ezrin in glomerular podocytes remain unclear. Here, we investigated the importance of ezrin in the regulation of glomerular podocyte function using ezrin-knockdown mice (Vil2 kd/kd ). The Vil2 kd/kd mice did not exhibit apparent glomerular dysfunction, morphological defects or abnormal localisation of podocalyxin and NHERF2 in podocytes. Thus, we investigated the influence of ezrin defects on Rho-GTPase activity, as ezrin interacts with the Rho-GTPase dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI), which plays a key role in the regulation of podocyte actin organisation. In Vil2 kd/kd glomeruli, Rac1 activity was significantly reduced compared to wildtype (WT) glomeruli at baseline. Furthermore, Vil2 kd/kd mice showed reduced susceptibility to glomerular injury. In WT glomeruli, Rac1 activity was enhanced in nephrotic conditions, but remained at baseline levels in Vil2 kd/kd glomeruli, suggesting that loss of ezrin protects podocytes from injury-induced morphological changes by suppressing Rac1 activation.
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34
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Mathematical Model for Glucose Dependence of the Local Renin-Angiotensin System in Podocytes. Bull Math Biol 2018. [PMID: 29520569 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of kidney failure. Diabetic hyperglycemia primarily damages podocyte cells. Podocytes express a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that produces angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II levels are elevated by hyperglycemia, triggering podocyte injury. Quantitative descriptions of glucose dose dependency of ANG II are scarce in the literature. For better understanding of the mechanism of glycemic injury in DKD, a mathematical model is developed to describe the glucose-stimulated local RAS in podocytes. The model of the RAS signaling pathway in podocytes tracks peptides and enzymes without explicit glucose dependence. Local and global sensitivity analyses are used to identify the key parameters to be estimated in the model. Three approaches are explored to incorporate glucose dependency through linear ramp functions for the sensitive parameters. The first approach uses inferences from literature data to estimate the parameter values, while the other approaches reduce the number of assumptions by using least-squares regression to estimate all or a subset of the parameters. Physiological parameter values and RAS peptide concentrations ranges are used to discriminate between plausible models for the glucose dose dependency. This is the first model of the theory of the local RAS mechanism specific to podocyte cells to track ANG II levels in a range of glycemic conditions that may contribute to podocyte damage in DKD. The ability to track ANG II behavior could enable prediction of its downstream effects on podocytes and provide opportunities to better characterize pathophysiological features of DKD progression.
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35
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Ma Y, Yang Q, Zhong Z, Liang W, Zhang L, Yang Y, Ding G. Role of c-Abl and nephrin in podocyte cytoskeletal remodeling induced by angiotensin II. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:185. [PMID: 29416010 PMCID: PMC5833834 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) exposure diminished the interaction between nephrin and c-Abl, then c-Abl mediated SHIP2-Akt pathway in the process of podocyte injury in vivo and vitro. However, the relationship between nephrin and c-Abl was unknown. Recently, various studies showed that nephrin was required for cytoskeletal remodeling in glomerular podocytes. But its specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. As a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in cytoskeletal regulation, c-Abl may be a candidate of signaling proteins interacting with Src homology 2/3 (SH2/SH3) domains of nephrin. Therefore, it is proposed that c-Abl contributes to nephrin-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling of podocytes. Herein, we observed that nephrin-c-Abl colocalization were suppressed in glomeruli of patients with proteinuria. Next, CD16/7-nephrin and c-Abl vectors were constructed to investigate the nephrin-c-Abl signaling pathway in podocyte actin-cytoskeletal remodeling. The disorganized cytoskeleton stimulated by cytochalasin D in COS7 cells was dramatically restored by co-transfection with phosphorylated CD16/7-nephrin and c-Abl full-length constructs. Further, co-immunoprecipitation showed that phosphorylated CD16/7-nephrin interacted with wild-type c-Abl, but not with SH2/SH3-defective c-Abl. These findings suggest that phosphorylated nephrin is able to recruit c-Abl in a SH2/SH3-dependent manner and detached c-Abl from dephosphorylated nephrin contributes to cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentong Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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36
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Lewko B, Maryn A, Latawiec E, Daca A, Rybczynska A. Angiotensin II Modulates Podocyte Glucose Transport. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:418. [PMID: 30087656 PMCID: PMC6066665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes play a central role in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and are cellular targets of angiotensin II (AngII). Non-hemodynamic pathways of AngII signaling regulate cellular function and mediate podocyte abnormalities that are associated with various glomerulopathies, including diabetic kidney disease. In this study we investigated the capacity of AngII to modulate glucose uptake in mouse podocytes expressing the human AT1 receptor (AT1R+) after 5 days of exposure to normal (NG, 5.6 mmol/L) or to high (HG, 30 mmol/L) glucose. Short (30 min) as well as long-term (24 h) incubations with AngII markedly enhanced glucose transport in both NG and HG cells. In podocytes cultured under NG conditions, AngII inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Regardless of the presence or absence of AngII, no effect of insulin on glucose uptake was observed in HG cells. Stimulation of glucose transport by AngII was mediated by protein kinase C and by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Glucose dependent surface expression of the glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT4 was modulated by AngII in a time and glucose concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, despite its inhibitory effect on insulin's action, AngII elevated the number of podocyte insulin receptors in both NG and HG cultured cells. These findings demonstrate that AngII modulates podocyte basal, as well as insulin-dependent glucose uptake by regulating glucose transporters and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lewko
- Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Barbara Lewko
| | - Anna Maryn
- Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Latawiec
- Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Apolonia Rybczynska
- Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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37
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Abu Hamad R, Berman S, Hachmo Y, Stark M, Hasan F, Doenyas-Barak K, Efrati S. Response of Renal Podocytes to Excessive Hydrostatic Pressure: a Pathophysiologic Cascade in a Malignant Hypertension Model. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1104-1118. [PMID: 29224013 DOI: 10.1159/000485774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal injuries induced by increased intra-glomerular pressure coincide with podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In previous studies, it was demonstrated that mesangial cells have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension. However, the exact pathophysiological cascade responsible for podocyte detachment and its relationship with mesangial cells has not been fully elucidated yet and this was the aim of the current study. METHODS Rat renal mesangial or podocytes were exposed to high hydrostatic pressure in an in-vitro model of malignant hypertension. The resulted effects on podocyte detachment, apoptosis and expression of podocin and integrinβ1 in addition to Angiotensin-II and TGF-β1 generation were evaluated. To simulate the paracrine effect podocytes were placed in mesangial cell media pre-exposed to pressure, or in media enriched with Angiotensin-II, TGF-β1 or receptor blockers. RESULTS High pressure resulted in increased Angiotensin-II levels in mesangial and podocyte cells. Angiotensin-II via the AT1 receptors reduced podocin expression and integrinβ1, culminating in detachment of both viable and apoptotic podocytes. Mesangial cells exposed to pressure had a greater increase in Angiotensin-II than pressure-exposed podocytes. The massively increased concentration of Angiotensin-II by mesangial cells, together with increased TGF-β1 production, resulted in increased apoptosis and detachment of non-viable apoptotic podocytes. Unlike the direct effect of pressure on podocytes, the mesangial mediated effects were not related to changes in adhesion proteins expression. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension induces podocyte detachment by autocrine and paracrine effects. In a direct response to pressure, podocytes increase Angiotensin-II levels. This leads, via AT1 receptors, to structural changes in adhesion proteins, culminating in viable podocyte detachment. Paracrine effects of hypertension, mediated by mesangial cells, lead to higher levels of both Angiotensin-II and TGF-β1, culminating in apoptosis and detachment of non-viable podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Berman
- Research & Development Unit, Zerifin, Israel.,Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Stark
- Research & Development Unit, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Fadia Hasan
- Research & Development Unit, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Keren Doenyas-Barak
- Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Research & Development Unit, Zerifin, Israel.,Nephrology Division, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
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38
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Tanaka Y, Kume S, Maeda S, Osawa N, Takeda N, Chin-Kanasaki M, Isshiki K, Ugi S, Oshima I, Uzu T, Maegawa H, Araki SI. Overexpression of acetyl CoA carboxylase β exacerbates podocyte injury in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1115-1121. [PMID: 29175208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) β gene (ACACB), rs2268388, has been shown to be associated with susceptibility to development of proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate the biological roles of ACCβ in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of overexpression of ACACB using podocyte-specific ACACB-transgenic mice or ACACB-overexpressing murine podocytes. Podocyte-specific ACACB-transgenic mice or littermate mice were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes, and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes, we examined the expression of podocyte markers to evaluate the degree of podocyte injury in these mice. We also examined the effects of ACCβ on podocyte injury in ACACB- or LacZ-overexpressing murine podocytes. Podocyte-specific ACACB overexpression did not cause visible podocyte injury in non-diabetic mice. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, ACACB-transgenic mice showed a significant increase in urinary albumin excretion, accompanied by decreased synaptopodin expression and podocin mislocalization in podocytes, compared with wild-type mice. In cultured murine podocytes, overexpression of ACACB significantly decreased synaptopodin expression and reorganized stress fibers under high glucose conditions, but not in normal glucose conditions. The decrease of synaptopodin expression and reorganized stress fibers observed in ACACB overexpressing cells cultured under high glucose conditions was reversed by a treatment of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The excess of ACCβ might contribute to exacerbation of podocyte injury in the kidney of an animal model for diabetes mellitus, and the AMPK/ACCβ pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of diabetes-related podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan; Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Osawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Isshiki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Itsuki Oshima
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Uzu
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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39
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Angiotensin II induces calcium-mediated autophagy in podocytes through enhancing reactive oxygen species levels. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Cechova S, Dong F, Chan F, Kelley MJ, Ruiz P, Le TH. MYH9 E1841K Mutation Augments Proteinuria and Podocyte Injury and Migration. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:155-167. [PMID: 28993503 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intronic variants of the MYH9 gene that encodes the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA are associated with diabetic nephropathy in European Americans and with sickle cell disease-associated nephropathy. However, the causal functional variants of MYH9 have remained elusive. Rare missense mutations in MYH9 cause macrothrombocytopenia and are occasionally associated with development of nephropathy. The E1841K mutation is among the common MYH9 missense mutations and has been associated with nephropathy in some carriers. To determine the contribution of the E1841K mutation in kidney disease, we studied the effects of the E1841K mutation in mice subjected to high salt or angiotensin II (Ang II) as models of hypertension and in mice subjected to renal mass reduction as a model of CKD. Despite similar levels of BP among wild-type (MYH9+/+ ) mice and mice heterozygous (MYH9+/E1841K ) and homozygous (MYH9E1841K/E1841K ) for the mutation in each model, MYH9E1841K/E1841K mice exhibited mildly increased albuminuria in response to high salt; severe albuminuria, nephrinuria, FSGS, and podocyte foot effacement in Ang II-induced hypertension; and early mortality in the renal mass reduction model. Treatment with candesartan during Ang II-induced hypertension attenuated kidney disease development in MYH9E1841K/E1841K mice. In vitro, isolated primary podocytes from MYH9E1841K/E1841K mice exhibited increased lamellipodia formation and reorganization of F-actin stress fibers. Wound healing assays revealed that MYH9+/+ podocytes had the lowest migration rate, followed by MYH9+/E1841K then MYH9E1841K/E1841K podocytes. In conclusion, the MYH9 E1841K variant alters podocyte cytoskeletal structure and renders podocytes more susceptible to injury after a damaging stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Cechova
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Fang Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael J Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Thu H Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;
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41
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Sun Y, Guo C, Ma P, Lai Y, Yang F, Cai J, Cheng Z, Zhang K, Liu Z, Tian Y, Sheng Y, Tian R, Deng Y, Xiao G, Wu C. Kindlin-2 Association with Rho GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor α Suppresses Rac1 Activation and Podocyte Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3545-3562. [PMID: 28775002 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of podocyte behavior is critically involved in the development and progression of many forms of human glomerular diseases. The molecular mechanisms that control podocyte behavior, however, are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of Kindlin-2, a component of cell-matrix adhesions, in podocyte behavior in vivo Ablation of Kindlin-2 in podocytes resulted in alteration of actin cytoskeletal organization, reduction of the levels of slit diaphragm proteins, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and ultimately massive proteinuria and death due to kidney failure. Through proteomic analyses and in vitro coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we identified Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) as a Kindlin-2-associated protein. Loss of Kindlin-2 in podocytes significantly reduced the expression of RhoGDIα and resulted in the dissociation of Rac1 from RhoGDIα, leading to Rac1 hyperactivation and increased motility of podocytes. Inhibition of Rac1 activation effectively suppressed podocyte motility and alleviated the podocyte defects and proteinuria induced by the loss of Kindlin-2 in vivo Our results identify a novel Kindlin-2-RhoGDIα-Rac1 signaling axis that is critical for regulation of podocyte structure and function in vivo and provide evidence that it may serve as a useful target for therapeutic control of podocyte injury and associated glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Departments of Biology and .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruijun Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Chemistry, and
| | - Yi Deng
- Departments of Biology and.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Departments of Biology and .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Departments of Biology and .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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42
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Schenk LK, Möller-Kerutt A, Klosowski R, Wolters D, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Weide T, Pavenstädt H, Vollenbröker B. Angiotensin II regulates phosphorylation of actin-associated proteins in human podocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:5019-5035. [PMID: 28768720 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700142r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the kidney, angiotensin II (AngII) targets different cell types in the vasculature, tubuli, and glomeruli. An important part of the renal filtration barrier is composed of podocytes with their actin-rich foot processes. In this study, we used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture coupled to mass spectrometry to characterize relative changes in the phosphoproteome of human podocytes in response to short-term treatment with AngII. In 4 replicates, we identified a total of 17,956 peptides that were traceable to 2081 distinct proteins. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that among the increasingly phosphorylated peptides are predominantly peptides that are related to actin filaments, cytoskeleton, lamellipodia, mammalian target of rapamycin, and MAPK signaling. Among others, this screening approach highlighted the increased phosphorylation of actin-bundling protein, l-plastin (LCP1). AngII-dependent phosphorylation of LCP1 in cultured podocytes was mediated by the kinases ERK, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, PKA, or PKC. LCP1 phosphorylation increased filopodia formation. In addition, treatment with AngII led to LCP1 redistribution to the cell margins, membrane ruffling, and formation of lamellipodia. Our data highlight the importance of AngII-triggered actin cytoskeleton-associated signal transduction in podocytes.-Schenk, L. K., Möller-Kerutt, A., Klosowski, R., Wolters, D., Schaffner-Reckinger, E., Weide, T., Pavenstädt, H., Vollenbröker, B. Angiotensin II regulates phosphorylation of actin-associated proteins in human podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Schenk
- Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Annika Möller-Kerutt
- Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Rafael Klosowski
- Analytische Chemie, Biomolekulare Massenspektrometrie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Wolters
- Analytische Chemie, Biomolekulare Massenspektrometrie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Weide
- Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Beate Vollenbröker
- Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany;
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Glucocorticoid therapy regulates podocyte motility by inhibition of Rac1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6725. [PMID: 28751734 PMCID: PMC5532274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) occurs when the glomerular filtration barrier becomes excessively permeable leading to massive proteinuria. In childhood NS, immune system dysregulation has been implicated and increasing evidence points to the central role of podocytes in the pathogenesis. Children with NS are typically treated with an empiric course of glucocorticoid (Gc) therapy; a class of steroids that are activating ligands for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcription factor. Although Gc-therapy has been the cornerstone of NS management for decades, the mechanism of action, and target cell, remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that Gc acts directly on the podocyte to produce clinically useful effects without involvement of the immune system. In human podocytes, we demonstrated that the basic GR-signalling mechanism is intact and that Gc induced an increase in podocyte barrier function. Defining the GR-cistrome identified Gc regulation of motility genes. These findings were functionally validated with live-cell imaging. We demonstrated that treatment with Gc reduced the activity of the pro-migratory small GTPase regulator Rac1. Furthermore, Rac1 inhibition had a direct, protective effect on podocyte barrier function. Our studies reveal a new mechanism for Gc action directly on the podocyte, with translational relevance to designing new selective synthetic Gc molecules.
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Markó L, Mannaa M, Haschler TN, Krämer S, Gollasch M. Renoprotection: focus on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:589-612. [PMID: 28028935 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptor family have unique sites of regulatory function in the kidney which enables them to promote regional vasodilatation and controlled Ca2+ influx into podocytes and tubular cells. Activated TRP vanilloid 1 receptor channels (TRPV1) have been found to elicit renoprotection in rodent models of acute kidney injury following ischaemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) in podocytes is involved in chronic proteinuric kidney disease, particularly in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). TRP vanilloid 4 receptor channels (TRPV4) are highly expressed in the kidney, where they induce Ca2+ influx into endothelial and tubular cells. TRP melastatin (TRPM2) non-selective cation channels are expressed in the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles, where their inhibition ameliorates ischaemic renal pathology. Although some of their basic properties have been recently identified, the renovascular role of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 channels in disease states such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 serving as potential targets for acute and chronic renoprotection in chronic vascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Mannaa
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - T. N. Haschler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - S. Krämer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - M. Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
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45
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Velez JCQ, Arif E, Rodgers J, Hicks MP, Arthur JM, Nihalani D, Bruner ET, Budisavljevic MN, Atkinson C, Fitzgibbon WR, Janech MG. Deficiency of the Angiotensinase Aminopeptidase A Increases Susceptibility to Glomerular Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2119-2132. [PMID: 28202497 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase A (APA) is expressed in glomerular podocytes and tubular epithelia and metabolizes angiotensin II (AngII), a peptide known to promote glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we tested whether APA expression changes in response to progressive nephron loss or whether APA exerts a protective role against glomerular damage and during AngII-mediated hypertensive kidney injury. At advanced stages of FSGS, fawn-hooded hypertensive rat kidneys exhibited distinctly increased APA staining in areas of intact glomerular capillary loops. Moreover, BALB/c APA-knockout (KO) mice injected with a nephrotoxic serum showed persistent glomerular hyalinosis and albuminuria 96 hours after injection, whereas wild-type controls achieved virtually full recovery. We then tested the effect of 4-week infusion of AngII (400 ng/kg per minute) in APA-KO and wild-type mice. Although we observed no significant difference in achieved systolic BP, AngII-treated APA-KO mice developed a significant rise in albuminuria not observed in AngII-treated wild-type mice along with increased segmental and global sclerosis and/or collapse of juxtamedullary glomeruli, microcystic tubular dilation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In parallel, AngII treatment significantly increased the kidney AngII content and attenuated the expression of podocyte nephrin in APA-KO mice but not in wild-type controls. These data show that deficiency of APA increases susceptibility to glomerular injury in BALB/c mice. The augmented AngII-mediated kidney injury observed in association with increased intrarenal AngII accumulation in the absence of APA suggests a protective metabolizing role of APA in AngII-mediated glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Q Velez
- Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | | | | | - Megan P Hicks
- Institute of Public and Preventative Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | | | | | - Carl Atkinson
- Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Huang J, Weinfurter S, Daniele C, Perciaccante R, Federica R, Della Ciana L, Pill J, Gretz N. Zwitterionic near infrared fluorescent agents for noninvasive real-time transcutaneous assessment of kidney function. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2652-2660. [PMID: 28553500 PMCID: PMC5431684 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zwitterionic near infrared fluorescent agents were developed for non-invasive real-time transcutaneous assessment of kidney function.
We developed novel zwitterionic near infrared (NIR) fluorescent agents (ABZWCY-HPβCD and AAZWCY-HPβCD), which exhibit favorable hydrophilicity, low plasma protein binding, high stability and non-toxicity. These attractive characteristics ensure that they are excreted rapidly, without any skin accumulation or metabolism in vivo. More importantly, zwitterionic HPβCD based agents can be efficiently filtrated by the glomerulus and completely excreted through the kidneys into urine without reabsorption or secretion in the kidney proximal tubule. Relying on these novel zwitterionic NIR agents and a transcutaneous device, we demonstrate a rapid, robust and biocompatible approach for assessing kidney function in rat models of both healthy rats and those with kidney disease, without the need for time-consuming blood/urine sample preparation. Our work provides a promising tool for in vivo real-time non-invasive kidney function assessment in preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Huang
- Medical Research Center , Medical Faculty Mannheim , University of Heidelberg , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 , 68167 , Mannheim , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Weinfurter
- Medical Research Center , Medical Faculty Mannheim , University of Heidelberg , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 , 68167 , Mannheim , Germany .
| | - Cristina Daniele
- Medical Research Center , Medical Faculty Mannheim , University of Heidelberg , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 , 68167 , Mannheim , Germany .
| | | | - Rodeghiero Federica
- Cyanagen S.r.l. , Via degli Stradelli Guelfi 40/C , 40138 Bologna , BO , Italy
| | | | - Johannes Pill
- Medical Research Center , Medical Faculty Mannheim , University of Heidelberg , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 , 68167 , Mannheim , Germany .
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center , Medical Faculty Mannheim , University of Heidelberg , Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 , 68167 , Mannheim , Germany .
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47
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Angiotensin II increases glomerular permeability by β-arrestin mediated nephrin endocytosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39513. [PMID: 28004760 PMCID: PMC5177899 DOI: 10.1038/srep39513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular permeability and subsequent albuminuria are early clinical markers for glomerular injury in hypertensive nephropathy. Albuminuria predicts mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. AT1 receptor blockers protect from albuminuria, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A blood pressure independent, molecular mechanism for angiotensin II (Ang II) dependent albuminuria has long been postulated. Albuminuria results from a defective glomerular filter. Nephrin is a major structural component of the glomerular slit diaphragm and its endocytosis is mediated by β-arrestin2. Ang II stimulation increases nephrin-β-arrestin2 binding, nephrin endocytosis and glomerular permeability in mice. This Ang II effect is mediated by AT1-receptors. AT1-receptor mutants identified G-protein signaling to be essential for this Ang II effect. Gαq knockdown and phospholipase C inhibition block Ang II mediated enhanced nephrin endocytosis. Nephrin Y1217 is the critical residue controlling nephrin binding to β-arrestin under Ang II stimulation. Nephrin Y1217 also mediates cytoskeletal anchoring to actin via nck2. Ang II stimulation decreases nephrin nck2 binding. We conclude that Ang II weakens the structural integrity of the slit diaphragm by increased nephrin endocytosis and decreased nephrin binding to nck2, which leads to increased glomerular permeability. This novel molecular mechanism of Ang II supports the use of AT1-receptor blockers to prevent albuminuria even in normotensives.
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48
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Novel role of Vav1-Rac1 pathway in actin cytoskeleton regulation in interleukin-13-induced minimal change-like nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2317-2327. [PMID: 27707912 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our established interleukin-13 (IL-13) overexpression rat model of minimal change-like nephropathy provided a platform to study the molecular signalling pathways in T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine associated minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). We hypothesized that IL-13 may act directly on podocytes, causing podocyte foot process effacement and hence proteinuria in our rat model of minimal change-like nephropathy. The present study aimed firstly to delineate the glomerular 'gene signature' associated with IL-13-mediated dysregulation of podocyte-related proteins, and subsequently to investigate the role of the differentially regulated genes (DEGs) in IL-13-mediated podocyte injury. Glomerular transcriptional profile of IL-13-overexpressed rats showed characteristic features of podocyte injury with 87% of podocyte-related genes being significantly down-regulated. Gene expression of Vav1 was shown to be highly up-regulated in the glomeruli of IL-13-overexpressed rats and pathway analysis of the DEGs suggested a possible novel role of Vav1 in podocyte cytoskeleton remodelling. Immunofluorescence examination demonstrated glomerular expression of Vav1 in rats which co-localized with synaptopodin, confirming podocyte expression. However, positive staining for the phosphorylated form of Vav1 (p-Vav1) was only seen in IL-13-overexpressed rats. Moreover, in vitro IL-13 stimulation of human podocytes resulted in phosphorylation of Vav1. This was associated with Rac1 activation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, which was abrogated in Vav1 knockdown podocytes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the role of Vav1-Rac1 pathway characterized by phosphorylation of Vav1, activation of Rac1 and the subsequent actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in IL-13-induced podocyte injury, possibly explaining the podocyte foot process effacement seen in our IL-13 overexpression rat model.
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49
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Piwkowska A. Role of Protein Kinase G and Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of Podocyte Function in Health and Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:691-697. [PMID: 27662602 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in the regulation of glomerular permeability. Disturbing the function of podocytes plays a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Retraction of the podocyte foot processes that form slit diaphragms is a common feature of proteinuria; although, the correlation between these events in not well understood. Notably, it is unclear whether podocyte foot processes are able to regulate slit diaphragm permeability and glomerular ultrafiltration. The occurrence of reactive oxygen species generation, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia characterizes early stages of type 2 diabetes. Protein kinase G type I alpha (PKGIα) is an intracellular target for vasorelaxant factors. It is activated in both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent manners. Recently, we demonstrated a relationship between oxidative stress, PKGIα activation, actin reorganization, and changes in the permeability of the filtration barrier. This review discusses how redox imbalance affects both the activity of PKGIα and PKGI-dependent signaling pathways in podocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 691-697, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
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50
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Kato T, Mizuguchi N, Ito A. Characteristics of podocyte injury in malignant hypertensive nephropathy of rats (MSHRSP/Kpo strain). Biomed Res 2016; 36:313-21. [PMID: 26522148 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is not only a hallmark of renal complication in malignant hypertension, but is also a major deteriorating factor for the progression to end-stage renal disease. Podocyte injury plays a crucial role in the renal damage associated with hypertensive nephropathy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (MSHRSP/Kpo) represent an original and useful model of human malignant hypertension. In this study, we disclosed the glomerular injuries in the MSHRSP/Kpo. MSHRSP/Kpo exhibited elevated blood pressure at 6 weeks along with renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Histological analysis of the MSHRSP/Kpo glomeruli revealed a severe atrophy, but no change was found in the podocyte number. The expression levels of podocyte-specific proteins, nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin were decreased in the MSHRSP/Kpo glomeruli, though another podocyte-specific protein, CD2AP, in the MSHRSP/Kpo glomeruli exhibited a similar extent of staining as in normotensive WKY/Kpo rats. Furthermore, desmin was not markedly detected in the WKY/Kpo glomeruli, but was strongly positive in MSHRSP/Kpo. By electron microscopy, well-formed foot processes (FP) were replaced by effacement in MSHRSP/Kpo. An original malignant hypertension strain MSHRSP/Kpo exhibits podocyte injuries associated with the decrease of some podocyte-specific proteins and the upregulation of desmin, along with FP effacement and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University
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