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Zhang SY, Luo Q, Xiao LR, Yang F, Zhu J, Chen XQ, Yang S. Role and mechanism of NCAPD3 in promoting malignant behaviors in gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1341039. [PMID: 38711992 PMCID: PMC11070777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1341039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major malignancies threatening human lives and health. Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases. However, its role in GC remains unexplored. Materials and Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, clinical samples, and cell lines were used to analyze NCAPD3 expression in GC. NCAPD3 was overexpressed and inhibited by lentiviral vectors and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, respectively. The biological functions of NCAPD3 were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Gene microarray, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were performed to establish the potential mechanisms. Results NCAPD3 was highly expressed in GC and was associated with a poor prognosis. NCAPD3 upregulation significantly promoted the malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer cell, while NCAPD3 inhibition exerted a opposite effect. NCAPD3 loss can directly inhibit CCND1 and ESR1 expression to downregulate the expression of downstream targets CDK6 and IRS1 and inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, NCAPD3 loss activates IRF7 and DDIT3 to regulate apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion Our study revealed that NCAPD3 silencing attenuates malignant phenotypes of GC and that it is a potential target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Zhang
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Rong Xiao
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang-Qi Chen
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Litkowski EM, Logue MW, Zhang R, Charest BR, Lange EM, Hokanson JE, Lynch JA, Vujkovic M, Phillips LS, Hauger RL, Lange LA, Raghavan S. Mendelian randomization study of diabetes and dementia in the Million Veteran Program. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.07.23286526. [PMID: 36945581 PMCID: PMC10029030 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes and dementia are diseases of high healthcare burden worldwide. Individuals with diabetes have 1.4 to 2.2 times higher risk of dementia. Our objective was to evaluate evidence of causality between these two common diseases. METHODS We conducted a one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Million Veteran program. The study included 334,672 participants ≥65 years of age with type 2 diabetes and dementia case-control status and genotype data. RESULTS For each standard deviation increase in genetically-predicted diabetes, we found increased odds of three dementia diagnoses in non-Hispanic White participants (all-cause: OR=1.07[1.05-1.08], P =3.40E-18; vascular: OR=1.11[1.07-1.15], P =3.63E-09, Alzheimer's: OR=1.06[1.02-1.09], P =6.84E-04) and non-Hispanic Black participants (all-cause: OR=1.06[1.02-1.10], P =3.66E-03, vascular: OR=1.11[1.04-1.19], P =2.20E-03, Alzheimer's: OR=1.12 [1.02-1.23], P =1.60E-02) but not in Hispanic participants (all P >.05). DISCUSSION We found evidence of causality between diabetes and dementia using a one-sample MR study, with access to individual level data, overcoming limitations of prior studies utilizing two-sample MR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Litkowski
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02301, USA
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02301, USA
| | | | - Ethan M Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- Salt Lake City VA, VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Nautiyal H, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Güven E, Al-Abbasi FA, Kazmi I. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Complex Disease with a Genetics Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030540. [PMID: 35327342 PMCID: PMC8945152 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting females in their reproductive age. The early diagnosis of PCOS is complicated and complex due to overlapping symptoms of this disease. The most accepted diagnostic approach today is the Rotterdam Consensus (2003), which supports the positive diagnosis of PCOS when patients present two out of the following three symptoms: biochemical and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, oligo, and anovulation, also polycystic ovarian morphology on sonography. Genetic variance, epigenetic changes, and disturbed lifestyle lead to the development of pathophysiological disturbances, which include hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation in PCOS females. At the molecular level, different proteins and molecular and signaling pathways are involved in disease progression, which leads to the failure of a single genetic diagnostic approach. The genetic approach to elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis of PCOS was recently developed, whereby four phenotypic variances of PCOS categorize PCOS patients into classic, ovulatory, and non-hyperandrogenic types. Genetic studies help to identify the root cause for the development of this PCOS. PCOS genetic inheritance is autosomal dominant but the latest investigations revealed it as a multigene origin disease. Different genetic loci and specific genes have been identified so far as being associated with this disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and related genetic studies have changed the scenario for the diagnosis and treatment of this reproductive and metabolic condition known as PCOS. This review article briefly discusses different genes associated directly or indirectly with disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Nautiyal
- Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Near IT-Park, Sahastradhara Road, Dehradun 248001, India;
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.)
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emine Güven
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Düzce University, Düzce 81620, Turkey;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.)
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Lewandowski Ł, Urbanowicz I, Kepinska M, Milnerowicz H. Concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes and the pro-/antioxidative status, in context of type 2 diabetes and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (genes: INS, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) - Preliminary findings. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111396. [PMID: 33761612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations in concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in the context of type 2 diabetes or obesity are well-described. Moreover, many hereditary factors, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes for coding insulin, insulin receptors, or insulin receptor substrates (INS, INSR, IRS1, IRS2) or superoxide dismutase isozymes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3), have been linked with the incidence of obesity and diabetes. However, the underlying changes in the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes and their potential connection with the said hereditary factors remain unexplored. Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Intersexual variability of SOD1 concentration was detected regardless of obesity. In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Genotypic variability of SNP rs3842729 (INS), previously studied in the context of insulin-dependent diabetes, is investigated in terms of selected clinical parameters associated with type 2 diabetes. This study revealed higher SOD1 concentration in diabetic men compared to women, and extremely high SOD1 concentration, higher total superoxide dismutase, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity, and lower superoxide dismutase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity (when adjusted for the concentration of SODs) in the diabetic group regardless of sex. Multiple logistic regression, applied to explore possible links between the studied SNPs and other factors with the odds of type 2 diabetes or obesity, revealed that the genotypic variability of rs4880 (SOD2) could affect these odds, supporting the findings of several other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Iwona Urbanowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Shakeri H, Khoshi A, Kaffash Bajestani M, Farahi A, Javadzadeh MS, Hosseini Z, Mohammadi R. ASSOCIATION OF IRS1 GLY971ARG GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN IRANIAN NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETIC ADULTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 15:317-322. [PMID: 32010350 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Context Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an important role in insulin signaling and the common Gly971Arg polymorphism is related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). IRS-1 Gly971Arg polymorphism can modify tyrosine phosphorylation at a specific site of IRS-1 and may have a critical role in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between this polymorphism and IR in Iranian patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Design The study was conducted on 114 individuals with newly-diagnosed T2D and 118 healthy matched controls, aged 20-80 years. Fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured by the enzymatic method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Insulin-resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment estimated-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The gene polymorphism was examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results There are significant differences between IRS1 Gly971Arg polymorphism and studied individuals (P<0.0001). The findings showed that the risk of developing T2D in individuals who had R-alleles was 3.74 folds higher than those without R-alleles. However, IRS1 Gly971Arg polymorphism was not associated with high HOMA-IR, high BMI and familial history of diabetes. Conclusions Even though there was not a significant relationship between IRS-1 G971R polymorphism with insulin resistance and high BMI, this polymorphism was correlated to newly-diagnosed diabetic patients. Thus, the evaluation of IRS-1 G971R polymorphism may be helpful for predicting T2D new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shakeri
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Dept. of Endocrinology - Bojnurd, Iran
| | - A Khoshi
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry - Bojnurd, Iran.,North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Dept. of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - M Kaffash Bajestani
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Educational Development Center - Bojnurd, Iran
| | - A Farahi
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Student Research Committee - Bojnurd, Iran
| | - M S Javadzadeh
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Dept. of Immunology, Sari, Iran
| | - Z Hosseini
- North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry - Bojnurd, Iran
| | - R Mohammadi
- Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Li J, Sun S, Wang X, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhang H, Deng A. A Missense Mutation in IRS1 is Associated with the Development of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:9569126. [PMID: 32411229 PMCID: PMC7204210 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9569126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There could be an overlap of monogenic diabetes and early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Precise diagnosis of early-onset diabetes has proven valuable for understanding the mechanism of diabetes and selecting optimal therapy. The majority of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) pathogenic genes in China is still unknown. In this study, a family with suspected MODY was enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to analyze the variants of the proband. Variants were filtered according to their frequency, location, functional consequences, and bioinformatics software. Candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and tested for cosegregation in other members of the family and nonrelated healthy controls. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and PPI (protein-protein interaction) analysis were conducted using the DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) and the STRING online analysis tools for the candidate pathogenic gene. A total of 123291 variants including 105344 SNPs and 17947 InDels were found in WES. A likely pathogenic rare missense heterozygous mutation in diabetes genes (c.2137C > T, p.His713Tyr in IRS1) was identified, which was a cosegregate in this family and not in nonrelated healthy controls. The position of the mutation in the aminoacid sequence of the gene is highly conserved among the species. 2 significantly enriched KEGG pathways were identified including bta04930, type II diabetes mellitus (GCK, INS, PDX1, ABCC8, and IRS1), and bta04910, insulin signaling pathway (GCK, INS, and IRS1). PPI analysis displayed that IRS1 interacts with 3 known pathogenic proteins including INS, KCNJ11, and GCK. We conclude that WES could be an initial option for genetic testing in patients with early-onset diabetes. IRS1 p.His713Tyr is implicated as a possible pathogenic mutation in monogenic diabetes, which might require further validation, and the precise molecular mechanism underlying the influence of IRS1 p.His713Tyr on the development of diabetes remains to be determined in the further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Pain, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Shengli Road, 430021 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Genetic association of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1, rs1801278) gene with insulin resistant of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Pakistani population. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6065-6070. [PMID: 31446532 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), a pathological condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an inability of body's tissue to respond the secreted or administered insulin, a necessary step for cellular glucose transportation. The prevalence of insulin resistance progresses with age, especially in overweight people with central obesity. Insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are important molecular proteins in the insulin signalling pathway, where IRS-1 plays a key function in cells insulin sensitivity. The common mutation (rs1801278; r.2963G > A: Gly972Arg) of the IRS-1 gene occurs when residue glycine changes to arginine at codon 972. The objective of this study was to detect the genetic association of rs1801278 polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes from the Lahore region of Pakistan. A total of 322 subjects (161 cases and 161 healthy individuals) were included. DNA was isolated for detection of the genotype distribution and allele frequencies by PCR-RFLP. The results showed a significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequency between the T2DM cases and controls for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801278 (OR 17.61, 95% CI 8.06-38.4, p < 0.001). In conclusion, association between rs1801278 polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene and insulin resistance in T2DM has been established in a Pakistani population.
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Shalimova A, Fadieienko G, Kolesnikova O, Isayeva A, Zlatkina V, Nemtsova V, Prosolenko K, Psarova V, Kyrychenko N, Kochuieva M. The Role of Genetic Polymorphism in the Formation of Arterial Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes and their Comorbidity. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:218-227. [PMID: 30868946 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190314124049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary component plays a significant role in the formation of insulin resistance (IR) - one of the pathogenetic links of arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the genetic predisposition to IR can not be realized and does not manifest itself clinically in the absence of appropriate factors of the environment (excessive nutrition, low physical activity, etc.). OBJECTIVE The review summarizes the results of studies which describe the contribution of genetic polymorphism to the formation and progression of AH, DM2 and their comorbidity in various populations. RESULTS In many studies, it has been established that genetic polymorphism of candidate genes is influenced by the formation, course and complication of AH and DM2. According to research data, the modulating effect of polymorphism of some genetic markers of AH and DM2 on metabolism and hemodynamics has been established. The results of numerous studies have shown a higher frequency of occurrence of AH and DM2, as well as their more severe course with adverse genetic polymorphisms. At the same time, the role of genetic polymorphism in the formation of AH and DM2 differs in different populations. CONCLUSION Contradictory data on the influence of gene polymorphisms on the formation of AH and DM2 in different populations, as well as a small number of studies on the combined effects of several polymorphisms on the formation of comorbidity, determine the continuation of research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shalimova
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Fadieienko
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnikova
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Isayeva
- The Government Institution 'L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vira Zlatkina
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryna Kochuieva
- Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Ijaz A, Babar S, Sarwar S, Shahid SU. The combined role of allelic variants of IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes in susceptibility to type2 diabetes in the Punjabi Pakistani subjects. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:64. [PMID: 31404179 PMCID: PMC6683393 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a high level of glucose in the blood. Both genetic and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins have a significant part in insulin signaling pathways. We aimed to investigate the relationship of type 2 diabetes with a Gly972Arg (G972R) variant of the IRS-1 gene and Gly1057Asp (G1057D) polymorphism of IRS-2 gene in the population of Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS We collected 926 samples, 500 healthy controls (fasting blood sugar < 99 mg/dL, random blood sugar < 126 mg/dL) and 426 cases with diabetes (fasting blood sugar > 99 mg/dL, random blood sugar > 126 mg/dL). Several anthropometric measurements were measured. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS to determine the allele group/genotype frequency of the selected variants in the study population. RESULTS The genotyping results of G972R by RLFP-PCR showed the allelic frequency of G = 0.68 and R = 0.32 in controls while G = 0.71 and R = 0.29 in the cases. The minor R allele had a slightly higher frequency in the cases than the controls (OR = 0.86, CI 0.706-1.052, p = 0.17). The genotyping results of G1057D showed allelic frequency G = 0.74 and D = 0.26 in the controls while G = 0.961 and D = 0.29 in the cases. The minor D allele appeared to be a risk allele for this SNP although the difference in the allele frequencies was not statistically significant (OR = 1.55, CI 0.961-1.41, p = 0.108). The combined genotype analysis showed that the difference in the allele and genotype frequencies reached statistical difference between the cases and the controls as well as the odds ratio substantially increased when the R allele (G972R) was present together with D allele (G1057D) in any combination. When the association of single variants with the lipid traits was observed, only D allele (G1057D) showed significant association with TG, HDL and LDL, however when the analysis was repeated for combined genotypes using general linear model, many more significant associations between the genotype where D allele and R allele are together, were seen with many lipid traits. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the single nucleotide polymorphisms with low-modest effect size may not affect the phenotype individually but when in combination, the effect becomes stronger and more visible, therefore, for the SNP association studies, the more the number of SNPs included in the analysis, the more meaningful the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ijaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Babar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Sarwar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Danford CJ, Yao ZM, Jiang ZG. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:389-400. [PMID: 30355853 PMCID: PMC6283828 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challenges in NAFLD is identifying which patients will progress. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate a strong pattern of heritability that may explain some of the variability in NAFLD phenotype and risk of progression. To date, at least three common genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR genes have been robustly linked to NAFLD in the population. The function of these genes revealed novel pathways implicated in both the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, candidate genes previously implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis have also been identified as determinants or modulators of NAFLD phenotype including genes involved in hepatocellular lipid handling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This article will review the current understanding of the genetics underpinning the development of hepatic steatosis and the progression of NASH. These newly acquired insights may transform our strategy to risk-stratify patients with NAFLD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Danford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ze-Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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11
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Duggan C, Baumgartner RN, Baumgartner KB, Bernstein L, George S, Ballard R, Neuhouser ML, McTiernan A. Genetic variation in TNFα, PPARγ, and IRS-1 genes, and their association with breast-cancer survival in the HEAL cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:567-576. [PMID: 29256014 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Few data exist on associations between polymorphisms in these genes and mortality in breast cancer survivors. METHODS We investigated associations between TNF-α -308G > A (rs1800629); PPARγ Pro12Ala (rs1801282); and IRS-1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) polymorphisms and anthropometric variables, circulating levels of previously measured biomarkers, and tumor characteristics in 553 women enrolled in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study, a multiethnic, prospective cohort study of women diagnosed with stage I-IIIA breast cancer between 1995 and 1999 (median follow-up 14.7 years). Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for possible confounders, we evaluated associations between these polymorphisms and mortality. RESULTS Carriers of the PPARγ variant allele had statistically significantly lower rates of type 2 diabetes (P = 0.04), lower BMI (P = 0.01), and HOMA scores [P = 0.004; non-Hispanic White (NHWs) only]; carriers of the TNF-α variant A allele had higher serum glucose (P = 0.004, NHW only); and the IRS-1 variant was associated with higher leptin levels (P = 0.003, Hispanics only). There were no associations between any of the polymorphisms and tumor characteristics. Among 141 deaths, 62 were due to breast cancer. Carriers of the TNF-α-variant A allele had a decreased risk of breast-cancer-specific mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.83] and all-cause mortality (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.28-0.91). CONCLUSIONS Neither the PPARγ nor the IRS-1 polymorphism was associated with mortality outcome. The TNF-α -308 G > A polymorphism was associated with reduced breast-cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Richard N Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kathy B Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie George
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Ballard
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Gupta S, Jhawat V. Induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Antihypertensive Therapy: Is There Any Role of Alpha Adducin, ACE, and IRS-1 Gene? Value Health Reg Issues 2017. [PMID: 28648322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Pappalardo MA, Vita R, Di Bari F, Le Donne M, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S. Gly972Arg of IRS-1 and Lys121Gln of PC-1 polymorphisms act in opposite way in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:367-376. [PMID: 27785750 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was associated with a number of polymorphisms of genes involved in insulin signaling. So far, they have been studied separately. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the coexistence of two polymorphisms of insulin signaling. METHODS One hundred consecutive PCOS women (diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria) and 45 age-matched healthy women were genotyped for two polymorphisms: Gly972Arg of IRS-1 and Lys121Gln of PC-1. Also, they underwent clinical evaluation, blood sampling for measurement of metabolic and hormonal indices, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS Comparing PCOS women with controls, the rate of homo-/heterozygosity was significantly greater (50 vs. 24.5%, P = 0.004) for IRS-1 polymorphism, but insignificantly greater (20 vs. 13.3%, P = 0.33) for PC-1 polymorphism. In PCOS women, compared with controls, the genotypes IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 wild type (WT) (36 vs. 17.8%, P = 0.03) and IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 hetero (14 vs. 6.7%, P = 0.20) were overrepresented at the expense of IRS-1 WT/PC-1 WT (44 vs. 68.8%, P = 0.005), while IRS-1 WT/PC-1 hetero was similarly represented (6 vs. 6.7%). Based on genotype, metabolic and hormonal indices changed significantly. For instance, six indices (HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, insulin area under the curve at OGTT, triglycerides, total and calculated free testosterone) were the highest in IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 WT women. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations in insulin signaling contribute to the extent and the variability of metabolic and hormonal derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pappalardo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - R Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - F Di Bari
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Le Donne
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - F Trimarchi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescence and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Chuang HC, Tan TH. MAP4K4 and IL-6 + Th17 cells play important roles in non-obese type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:4. [PMID: 28061846 PMCID: PMC5219747 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a causal factor of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, people without obesity (including lean, normal weight, or overweight) may still develop T2D. Non-obese T2D is prevalent in Asia and also frequently occurs in Europe. Recently, multiple evidences oppose the notion that either obesity or central obesity (visceral fat accumulation) promotes non-obese T2D. Several factors such as inflammation and environmental factors contribute to non-obese T2D. According to the data derived from gene knockout mice and T2D clinical samples in Asia and Europe, the pathogenesis of non-obese T2D has been unveiled recently. MAP4K4 downregulation in T cells results in enhancement of the IL-6+ Th17 cell population, leading to insulin resistance and T2D in both human and mice. Moreover, MAP4K4 single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetic changes are associated with T2D patients. Interactions between MAP4K4 gene variants and environmental factors may contribute to MAP4K4 attenuation in T cells, leading to non-obese T2D. Future investigations of the pathogenesis of non-obese T2D shall lead to development of precision medicine for non-obese T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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15
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Abstract
IRS proteins are cellular adaptor molecules that mediate many of the key metabolic actions of insulin. When tyrosine is phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor, IRS proteins recruit downstream effectors, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, in order to elicit cellular responses such as glucose uptake, lipid metabolism and cell proliferation. There are two main IRS proteins in humans (IRS1 and IRS2), both of which are widely expressed. Given their central role in the insulin signalling pathway, it is not surprising that male mice lacking Irs1 or Irs2 present with elevated blood glucose or type 2 diabetes, respectively. For reasons yet to be identified, female Irs2 (-/-) mice do not develop type 2 diabetes. A number of organs are affected by complications of diabetes; macrovascular complications include stroke and coronary artery disease, while nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy fall into the category of microvascular complications. Given the serious consequences of these complications on patient morbidity and mortality, it is essential to identify the molecular pathogenesis underlying diabetic complications, with a view to improving therapeutic intervention and patient outcomes. A number of recently published papers have converged on the hypothesis that the loss of insulin signalling and IRS proteins is instrumental to the development and/or progression of diabetic complications. This review will summarise some highlights from the published work in which this hypothesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah P Lavin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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16
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Fengler VHI, Macheiner T, Kessler SM, Czepukojc B, Gemperlein K, Müller R, Kiemer AK, Magnes C, Haybaeck J, Lackner C, Sargsyan K. Susceptibility of Different Mouse Wild Type Strains to Develop Diet-Induced NAFLD/AFLD-Associated Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155163. [PMID: 27167736 PMCID: PMC4863973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease have been intensively studied, concerning pathophysiological mechanisms are still incompletely understood. This may be due to the use of different animal models and resulting model-associated variation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three frequently used wild type mouse strains in their susceptibility to develop diet-induced features of non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fatty liver disease associated clinical, biochemical, and histological features in C57BL/6, CD-1, and 129Sv WT mice were induced by (i) high-fat diet feeding, (ii) ethanol feeding only, and (iii) the combination of high-fat diet and ethanol feeding. Hepatic and subcutaneous adipose lipid profiles were compared in CD-1 and 129Sv mice. Additionally hepatic fatty acid composition was determined in 129Sv mice. In C57BL/6 mice dietary regimens resulted in heterogeneous hepatic responses, ranging from pronounced steatosis and inflammation to a lack of any features of fatty liver disease. Liver-related serum biochemistry showed high deviations within the regimen groups. CD-1 mice did not exhibit significant changes in metabolic and liver markers and developed no significant steatosis or inflammation as a response to dietary regimens. Although 129Sv mice showed no weight gain, this strain achieved most consistent features of fatty liver disease, apparent from concentration alterations of liver-related serum biochemistry as well as moderate steatosis and inflammation as a result of all dietary regimens. Furthermore, the hepatic lipid profile as well as the fatty acid composition of 129Sv mice were considerably altered, upon feeding the different dietary regimens. Accordingly, diet-induced non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease is most consistently promoted in 129Sv mice compared to C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice. As a conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of genetic background of used mouse strains for modeling diet-induced non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/etiology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/genetics
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Function Tests
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Species Specificity
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat/pathology
- Triglycerides/metabolism
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Macheiner
- BioPersMed/Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katja Gemperlein
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- BioPersMed/Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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17
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Genetic markers predicting sulphonylurea treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients: current evidence and challenges for clinical implementation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:209-19. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li Q, Qiao Y, Wang C, Zhang G, Zhang X, Xu L. Associations between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1801278 and rs2943641) of insulin receptor substrate 1 gene and type 2 diabetes susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Endocrine 2016; 51:52-62. [PMID: 26582067 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess the association between rs1801278 and rs2943641 of insulin receptor substrate 1 gene (IRS1) and the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. A literature search strategy was conducted to identify all references lists of relevant studies. The fixed or random effect model was used to calculate the pooled ORs on the basis of heterogeneity. Further analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity by sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and subgroup analysis. There was significant association between rs1801278 and type 2 diabetes risk in recessive model (AA vs. GA + GG, p = 0.043) and codominant model (AA vs. GG, p = 0.007). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between rs1801278 and type 2 diabetes risk was significant in dominant model (GA + AA vs. GG, p = 0.044), codominant model (GA vs. GG, p = 0.039), codominant model (AA vs. GG, p = 0.044), overdominant model (GG + AA vs. GA, p = 0.037) in Asian and codominant model (AA vs. GG, p = 0.039) in Caucasian of rs1801278. The association between rs2943641 and type 2 diabetes risk was significant in codominant model (CT vs. CC, p = 0.023) in Caucasian. This meta-analysis suggests that rs1801278 may play a role in type 2 diabetes risk, especially in Asian. It also indicates that rs2943641 may be associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Caucasian. Further larger studies should be performed to warrant confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Macaluso FS, Maida M, Petta S. Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11088-11111. [PMID: 26494964 PMCID: PMC4607907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most significant liver diseases of the twenty-first century. Its development is certainly driven by environmental factors, but it is also regulated by genetic background. The role of heritability has been widely demonstrated by several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies and case series, and likely reflects the wide inter-individual and inter-ethnic genetic variability in systemic metabolism and wound healing response processes. Consistent with this idea, genome-wide association studies have clearly identified Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant I148M as a major player in the development and progression of NAFLD. More recently, the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 E167K variant emerged as a relevant contributor in both NAFLD pathogenesis and cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, numerous case-control studies have been performed to elucidate the potential role of candidate genes in the pathogenesis and progression of fatty liver, although findings are sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we performed a comprehensive literature search and review on the role of genetics in NAFLD. We emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the available literature and outline the putative role of each genetic variant in influencing susceptibility and/or progression of the disease.
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20
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Liko D, Hall MN. mTOR in health and in sickness. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1061-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Jiang F, Li S, Pan L, Jia C. Association of the G1057D polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate 2 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:731-6. [PMID: 25959789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The G1057D polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk, but results in published literatures are controversial. In addition, the effect of obesity as a modifier on this association is also inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to assess the above-mentioned association. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed to identify case-control or cohort studies (from 1990 to 2014) of the aforementioned association. The I(2) statistic was used to examine between-study heterogeneity. Fixed or random effect model was selected based on heterogeneity test among studies. Publication bias was estimated using modified Egger's regression test. RESULTS Nine articles with ten studies were included. After excluding studies deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in controls, results showed a significant association of D allele with reduced T2DM risk in dominant (OR = 0.825, 95% CI: 0.705-0.965) and codominant (OR = 0.857, 95% CI: 0.763-0.964) models, but no significant association in recessive (OR = 0.806, 95% CI: 0.628-1.035) model. For studies stratified by obesity, after excluding studies deviated from HWE in controls, no significant association of D allele with T2DM risk was found in three inherited models in obese group; however, a significant protective effect of D allele was observed in dominant (OR = 0.714, 95% CI: 0.533-0.958), recessive (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.253-0.760) and codominant (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.565-0.883) models in non-obese group. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that D allele of G1057D polymorphism have a significant effect on reduced risk of T2DM, and obesity is a modifier of this association. This result needs to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, P. R. China
| | - Chongqi Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong University, P. R. China.
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22
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Chen QJ, Li J, Zuo SR, Zhang YP, Jia SJ, Yuan H, Liu SK, Cheng K, Ming YZ, Zuo XC, Luo AJ, Xie WZ, Cai JJ, Yang M, Wang JL. Tacrolimus decreases insulin sensitivity without reducing fasting insulin concentration: a 2-year follow-up study in kidney transplant recipients. Ren Fail 2015; 37:601-6. [PMID: 25644968 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1007833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New Onset Diabetes after Transplantation (NODAT) is defined as sustained hyperglycemia developing in patients without diabetes history before transplantation. A cohort study was performed to access the effects of tacrolimus on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity and consequently in the development of NODAT in kidney transplant recipients. Then, we further investigated the association between NODAT and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in renal allograft recipients. One hundred and fifty-eight kidney transplant patients, receiving tacrolimus as the base immunosuppressant, were divided into two groups: with or without NODAT. Plasma levels of fasting insulin concentration (FINS) and C-peptide were determined by enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay and ADVIA Centaur C peptide assay, respectively. The genotypes of Gly1057Asp in IRS-2 and Gly972Arg in IRS-1 were detected through polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism in NODAT and non-NODAT patients. It was found that the concentrations of fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide in NODAT and non-NODAT patients treated with tacrolimus were higher than that in healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin concentration in NODAT was significantly elevated compared with than that in non-NODAT group (p < 0.05). But there are no statistical differences in fasting plasma C-peptide concentrations between NODAT and non-NODAT groups. The allele and genotype frequencies of IRS-2 Gly1057Asp and IRS-1 Gly972Arg in NODAT patients were not significantly different from non-NODAT patients (p > 0.05). In conclusion, insulin resistance is the primary cause of tacrolimus-induced NODAT. The IRS-2 Gly1057Asp and IRS-1 Gly972Arg genotypes are not related to NODAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jie Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , PR China
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Alharbi KK, Khan IA, Munshi A, Alharbi FK, Al-Sheikh Y, Alnbaheen MS. Association of the genetic variants of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Saudi population. Endocrine 2014; 47:472-7. [PMID: 24493031 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease, phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by high levels of glucose and metabolic complications. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) plays a key role in the insulin-stimulated signal transduction pathway. A glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 972 (G972R) (rs1801278) in the IRS-1 gene has been associated with impaired insulin action. Another SNP rs2943641 in the IRS-1 gene has been found to be associated with T2DM and insulin resistance in genome-wide association studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether rs1801278 and rs2943641 are associated with increased risk of T2DM in the Saudi population. The study included 376 T2DM cases and 380 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated using a commercially available kit supplied by Norgen Biotech Corp. Genotyping was performed by PCR and RFLP analysis. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution as well as allelic frequency between the T2DM cases and controls in case of both the polymorphisms for rs1801278 (1.752, 95 % CI 1.002-3.121; p = 0.04), and for rs2943641 (OR = 1.482, 95 % CI 1.176-1.867; p = 0.001). In conclusion, both the (rs1801278 and rs2943641) polymorphisms are associated with T2DM in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Prudente S, Morini E, Lucchesi D, Lamacchia O, Bailetti D, Mercuri L, Alberico F, Copetti M, Pucci L, Fariello S, Giusti L, Cignarelli M, Penno G, De Cosmo S, Trischitta V. IRS1 G972R missense polymorphism is associated with failure to oral antidiabetes drugs in white patients with type 2 diabetes from Italy. Diabetes 2014; 63:3135-40. [PMID: 24947357 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study tried to replicate in a large sample of white patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from Italy a previously reported association of the IRS1 G972R polymorphism with failure to oral antidiabetes drugs (OAD). A total of 2,409 patients from four independent studies were investigated. Case subjects (n = 1,193) were patients in whom, because of uncontrolled diabetes (i.e., HbA1c >8%), insulin therapy had been added either on, or instead of, maximal or near-maximal doses of OAD, mostly metformin and sulfonylureas; control subjects (n = 1,216) were patients with HbA1c <8% in the absence of insulin therapy. The IRS1 G972R polymorphism was typed by TaqMan allele discrimination. In all samples, individuals carrying the IRS1 R972 risk variant tended to be more frequent among case than control subjects, though reaching statistical significance only in one case. As no IRS1 G972R-by-study sample interaction was observed, data from the four samples were analyzed together; a significant association was observed (allelic odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.63). When our present data were meta-analyzed with those obtained in a previous study, an overall R972 allelic OR of 1.37 (1.12-1.69) was observed. This study confirms in a large and ethnically homogeneous sample that IRS1 G972R polymorphism is associated with failure to OAD among patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Morini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lucchesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olga Lamacchia
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Diego Bailetti
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Mercuri
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Alberico
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Fariello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Cignarelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Zhang GW, Jia W, Chen SY, Jia XB, Wang J, Lai SJ. Association between the IRS1 and FTO genes regulates body weight in rabbits. Gene 2014; 548:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Arikoglu H, Aksoy Hepdogru M, Erkoc Kaya D, Asik A, Ipekci SH, Iscioglu F. IRS1 gene polymorphisms Gly972Arg and Ala513Pro are not associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk in non-obese Turkish population. Meta Gene 2014; 2:579-85. [PMID: 25606440 PMCID: PMC4287848 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), plays a critical role in insulin signaling and its control has an important place in the development of insulin resistance. The tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 serves as docking molecules for downstream effectors such as Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphotyrosine phosphatase-2. We focused on the Gly972Arg and Ala513Pro variants of the IRS1 gene, since these specific allelic variants are located near the Tyr-Met-X-Met (YMXM) motifs around Tyr987 and Tyr612. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of Gly972Arg/Ala513Pro polymorphisms in IRS1 gene on development of insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a non-obese Turkish population. This work included 306 individuals comprising 178 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 128 healthy subjects matched for body mass index. Gly972Arg/Ala513Pro polymorphisms had no effect on type 2 diabetes risk and its phenotypes (P > 0.05). Although IRS1 gene and its variants are associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in several studies worldwide, our data showed that there is no association between Gly972Arg and Ala513Pro variants in IRS1 and disease in Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Arikoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melda Aksoy Hepdogru
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dudu Erkoc Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Funda Iscioglu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Relationship between melatonin receptor 1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6113. [PMID: 25146448 PMCID: PMC4141258 DOI: 10.1038/srep06113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have investigated the relationship between genetic variants and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the results remain inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs10830963 and rs1387153 variants in melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) and rs1801278 variant in insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) with GDM susceptibility. Electronic database of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for relevant studies between 2005 and 2014. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to estimate the association. Total ten case-control studies, including 3428 GDM cases and 4637 healthy controls, met the inclusion criteria. Our results showed a significant association between the three genetic variants and GDM risk, rs10830963 with a P-value less than 0.0001, rs1387153 with a P-value of 0.0002, and rs1801278 with a P-value of 0.001. Furthermore, all the genetic models in these three polymorphisms were associated with increased risks of GDM as well (P< = 0.009). In conclusion, our study found that the genetic polymorphisms rs10830963 and rs1387153 in MTNR1B and rs1801278 in IRS1 were associated with an increased risk of developing GDM. However, further studies with gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions should be considered.
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Egaña-Gorroño L, Martínez E, Pérez I, Escribà T, Domingo P, Gatell JM, Arnedo M. Contribution of genetic background and antiretroviral therapy to body fat changes in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:3076-84. [PMID: 25185137 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of host genetics with changes in limb or trunk fat in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-infected patients prospectively followed up according to the initiation and the type of ART. METHODS Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 genes, associated with obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism or lipodystrophy in previously published genetic studies, were assessed in ART-naive HIV-infected Caucasian patients divided into three groups: 24 (27%) did not start ART, 29 (32.6%) received zidovudine or stavudine and 36 (40.4%) received neither zidovudine nor stavudine in their initial regimen. Patients underwent body fat measurements (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at baseline and Month 12. A multivariate model using backward stepwise elimination was used to assess the influence of SNPs and baseline levels of non-genetic covariates on changes in limb or trunk fat. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were: 73% men, 17% coinfected with hepatitis C virus and/or hepatitis B virus, median age 37 years, median CD4+ T cell count 228/mm(3), median HIV-RNA 5.2 log copies/mL, median plasma glucose 85 mg/dL, median plasma insulin 9.1 IU/mL, median limb fat 5.6 kg and median trunk fat 7.0 kg. There were no baseline differences among the three groups except for the CD4+ T cell count. The decrease in limb fat was greater in the no-ART group relative to the other two groups (P < 0.05). The multivariate model showed associations of rs1801278 in IRS1 (P = 0.029, OR = 0.13), baseline viral load (P = 0.006; OR = 4.453) and baseline glucose levels (P = 0.008, OR = 0.926) with loss of limb fat, and rs2228671 in LDLR (P = 0.012, OR = 0.108), rs405509 in APOE (P = 0.048, OR = 0.205), baseline viral load (P = 0.005, OR = 0.186) and baseline CD4+ T cell count (P = 0.01, OR = 1.008) with gain of trunk fat. CONCLUSIONS Specific polymorphisms in IRS1 (limb fat loss) and LDLR and APOE (trunk fat gain) were identified as independent markers of fat changes irrespective of the initiation of ART and the type of ART and deserve further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Egaña-Gorroño
- Group of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Martínez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Pérez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Escribà
- Group of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Domingo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Gatell
- Group of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Arnedo
- Group of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics, Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Dongiovanni P, Anstee QM, Valenti L. Genetic predisposition in NAFLD and NASH: impact on severity of liver disease and response to treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:5219-38. [PMID: 23394097 PMCID: PMC3850262 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fat deposition related to systemic insulin resistance defines non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which, when associated with oxidative hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and activation of fibrogenesis, i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is now the most frequent liver disease and the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. Epidemiological, familial, and twin studies provide evidence for an element of heritability of NAFLD. Genetic modifiers of disease severity and progression have been identified through genome-wide association studies. These include the Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene variant I148M as a major determinant of inter-individual and ethnicity-related differences in hepatic fat content independent of insulin resistance and serum lipid concentration. Association studies confirm that the I148M polymorphism is also a strong modifier of NASH and progressive hepatic injury. Furthermore, a few large multicentre case-control studies have demonstrated a role for genetic variants implicated in insulin signalling, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis in the progression of NAFLD towards fibrosing NASH, and confirm that hepatocellular fat accumulation and insulin resistance are key operative mechanisms closely involved in the progression of liver damage. It is now important to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations between gene variants and progressive liver disease, and to evaluate their impact on the response to available therapies. It is hoped that this knowledge will offer further insights into pathogenesis, suggest novel therapeutic targets, and could help guide physicians towards individualised therapy that improves clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, section Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi Milano, UO Medicina Interna1B, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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30
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Vergotine Z, Yako YY, Kengne AP, Erasmus RT, Matsha TE. Proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala interacts with the insulin receptor substrate 1 Gly972Arg and increase the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in the mixed ancestry population from South Africa. BMC Genet 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24447396 PMCID: PMC3900266 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), Pro12Ala and the insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), Gly972Arg confer opposite effects on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the independent and joint effects of PPARG Pro12Ala and IRS1 Gly972Arg on markers of insulin resistance and T2DM in an African population with elevated risk of T2DM. In all 787 (176 men) mixed-ancestry adults from the Bellville-South community in Cape Town were genotyped for PPARG Pro12Ala and IRS1 Gly972Arg by two independent laboratories. Glucose tolerance status and insulin resistance/sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were 10.4% (PPARG Pro12Ala) and 7.7% (IRS1 Gly972Arg). Alone, none of the polymorphisms predicted prevalent T2DM, but in regression models containing both alleles and their interaction term, PPARG Pro12 conferred a 64% higher risk of T2DM. Furthermore PPARG Pro12 was positively associated in adjusted linear regressions with increased 2-hour post-load insulin in non-diabetic but not in diabetic participants. CONCLUSION The PPARG Pro12 is associated with insulin resistance and this polymorphism interacts with IRS1 Gly972Arg, to increase the risk of T2DM in the mixed-ancestry population of South Africa. Our findings require replication in a larger study before any generalisation and possible application for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tandi E Matsha
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7530, Cape Town, South Africa.
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31
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Polymorphisms in PPARγ (Pro12Ala, C1431T), IRS1 (G972R), IRS2 (G1057D) and Coronary artery disease. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-013-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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32
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Zheng JS, Arnett DK, Parnell LD, Smith CE, Li D, Borecki IB, Tucker KL, Ordovás JM, Lai CQ. Modulation by dietary fat and carbohydrate of IRS1 association with type 2 diabetes traits in two populations of different ancestries. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:2621-7. [PMID: 23596181 PMCID: PMC3747864 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is central to insulin signaling pathways. This study aimed to examine the association of IRS1 variants with insulin resistance (IR) and related phenotypes, as well as potential modification by diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two IRS1 variants (rs7578326 and rs2943641) identified by genome-wide association studies as related to type 2 diabetes were tested for their associations with IR and related traits and interaction with diet in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 820) and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 844). RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that rs7578326 G-allele carriers and rs2943641 T-allele carriers had a lower risk of IR, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Significant interactions on IR and MetS were found for these two variants and their haplotypes with diet. In GOLDN, rs7578326 G-allele carriers and rs2943641 T-allele carriers and their haplotype G-T carriers had a significantly lower risk of IR and MetS than noncarriers only when the dietary saturated fatty acid-to-carbohydrate ratio was low (≤ 0.24). In both GOLDN (P = 0.0008) and BPRHS (P = 0.011), rs7578326 G-allele carriers had a lower risk of MetS than noncarriers only when dietary monounsaturated fatty acids were lower than the median intake of each population. CONCLUSIONS IRS1 variants are associated with IR and related traits and are modulated by diet in two populations of different ancestries. These findings suggest that IRS1 variants have important functions in various metabolic disorders and that dietary factors could modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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van Leeuwen N, Swen JJ, Guchelaar HJ, ’t Hart LM. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Drug Disposition and Response of Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:833-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tang Y, Han X, Sun X, Lv C, Zhang X, Guo W, Ren Q, Luo Y, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ji L. Association study of a common variant near IRS1 with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population. Endocrine 2013; 43:84-91. [PMID: 22576021 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) plays an important role in insulin signaling. A recent genome-wide association study identified rs2943641C>T as a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Caucasian patients. Therefore, we determined whether this common variant near IRS1 is also associated with the risk of T2DM and T2DM-related phenotypes in a Chinese Han population. A total of 2,290 unrelated Chinese Han individuals residing in Beijing were recruited in this study, including 1177 T2DM patients and 1113 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (control group). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped using a MassARRAY iPLEX system. The frequency of risk allele C was 0.929 in the control group and 0.939 in patients with T2DM. We found no association between the C allele of rs2943641 and T2DM in a recessive model [OR 1.14, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.45, P = 0.298], or after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 0.85-1.43, P = 0.301). Analysis of the clinical features of the control subjects with normal glucose tolerance revealed that the 30-min plasma glucose level during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was significantly different between the CC and CT+TT genotypes (P = 0.017). Linear regression analysis showed that the 30-min plasma glucose levels was significantly and positively associated with the CC genotype after adjusting for sex, age, and BMI (β = 0.065, 95 % CI 0.009-0.654, P = 0.044). In addition, a potential association between this SNP and increased waist circumference (β = 1.337, 95 % CI -0.179 to 2.853, P = 0.084) was observed with adjustment for the sex and age. Our study was not able to demonstrate the association between rs2943641 near IRS1 and T2DM in a Chinese Han population. However, this SNP may be associated with postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No 11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
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Yiannakouris N, Cooper J, Shah S, Drenos F, Ireland H, Stephens J, Li KW, Elkeles R, Godsland I, Kivimaki M, Hingorani A, Kumari M, Talmud P, Humphries S. IRS1 gene variants, dysglycaemic metabolic changes and type-2 diabetes risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1024-1030. [PMID: 21917432 PMCID: PMC3657179 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent genome-wide association study identified rs2943641C > T, 500 kb from the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene (IRS1), as a type-2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility locus. We aimed to replicate this association by meta-analysis and examine whether common variants within IRS1, present on the HumanCVD BeadChip, were associated with T2D risk. METHODS AND RESULTS We genotyped rs2943641 in 2389 prevalent or incident T2D patients and 6494 controls from two prospective and three case studies based in UK and in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study-II (EARSII; n = 714). Thirty-three IRS1 variants had been genotyped in the prospective Whitehall-II study (n = 4752) using the HumanCVD BeadChip. In a fixed-effects meta-analysis of the UK study cohorts rs2943641T allele was associated with 6% lower risk of T2D (p = 0.18), with T-allele carriers having an odds ratio (OR) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.00, p = 0.056) compared to CC subjects. The T-allele was also associated with lower fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance in Whitehall-II and with lower post-load insulin after an oral glucose tolerance test in EARSII (all p < 0.05). None of the IRS1 variants on the chip showed linkage disequilibrium with rs2943641. In silico analysis with follow-up genotyping (total n = 9313) identified that the rare allele of the IRS1 promoter variant rs6725556A > G showed association with reduced T2D risk (OR per G-allele: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.96, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS We confirm the association of rs2943641T with T2D protection. There is a possible independent effect on risk of a putative IRS1 promoter variant.
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Key Words
- irs1
- gwas
- genetic variation
- type-2 diabetes
- hyperinsulinemia
- insulin resistance
- irs1, insulin receptor substrate-1
- t2d, type-2 diabetes
- cvd, cardiovascular disease
- gwas, genome-wide association studies
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
- homa-ir, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- ogtt, oral glucose tolerance test
- ld, linkage disequilibrium
- whii, whitehall-ii
- nphsii, northwick park heart study-ii
- udacs, universitycollege london diabetes and cardiovascular study
- eds, ealing diabetes study
- predict, prospective evaluation of diabetic ischemic heart disease by computed tomography
- earsii, european atherosclerosis research study-ii
- diagram, diabetes genetics replication and meta-analysis consortium
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.A. Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - S. Shah
- University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - F. Drenos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - H.A. Ireland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - J.W. Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K.-W. Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - R. Elkeles
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London and St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - I.F. Godsland
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College London and St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M. Kivimaki
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - A.D. Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - M. Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P.J. Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - S.E. Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Haghani K, Bakhtiyari S. The Study on the Relationship Between IRS-1 Gly972Arg and IRS-2 Gly1057Asp Polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetes in the Kurdish Ethnic Group in West Iran. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1270-6. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karimeh Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Thameem F, Puppala S, Schneider J, Bhandari B, Arya R, Arar NH, Vasylyeva TL, Farook VS, Fowler S, Almasy L, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Abboud HE. The Gly(972)Arg variant of human IRS1 gene is associated with variation in glomerular filtration rate likely through impaired insulin receptor signaling. Diabetes 2012; 61:2385-93. [PMID: 22617042 PMCID: PMC3425400 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the genetic variants related to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) linkage on 2q37. Of the positional candidate genes, we selected IRS1 and resequenced its 2-kb promoter region and exons for sequence variants in 32 subjects. A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. To comprehensively cover the 59-kb-long intron-1, eight additional tagging SNPs were selected from the HapMap. All the 19 SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan Assay in the entire data set (N = 670; 39 families). Association analyses between the SNPs and GFR and type 2 diabetes-related traits were performed using the measured genotype approach. Of the SNPs examined for association, only the Gly(972)Arg variant of IRS1 exhibited a significant association with GFR (P = 0.0006) and serum triglycerides levels (P = 0.003), after accounting for trait-specific covariate effects. Carriers of Arg972 had significantly decreased GFR values. Gly(972)Arg contributed to 26% of the linkage signal on 2q. Expression of IRS1 mutant Arg972 in human mesangial cells significantly reduced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt kinase. Taken together, the data provide the first evidence that genetic variation in IRS1 may influence variation in GFR probably through impaired insulin receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farook Thameem
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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38
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Analysis of Codon 972 (Gly → Arg) Polymorphism in IRS-1 Gene in Type 2 Diabetic Population. J Med Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10011-012-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of Codon 972 (Gly → Arg) Polymorphism in IRS-1 Gene in Type 2 Diabetic PopulationPolymorphism of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, especially the GGG→AGG (Gly-Arg) substitution at codon 972, is one of the major factors leading to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This defect in IRS-1 causes insulin resistance along with many other consequences. It generally impairs insulin signalling via the phosphadylinositol-3 (PI3)-Kinase pathway. In this study, the heterozygous Gly→Arg substitution at codon 972 of the IRS-1 gene was found in 2 of the 43 control Indian subjects, which is higher than normal when compared with the other population. The prevalence of the codon 972 GGG→AGG substitutions was found to be around 4.6%, which may be due to a predisposition factor. In diabetic subjects, on the other hand, 5 out of 43 showed substitution at codon 972, with a percent prevalence of 14%, establishing the role of the polymorphism of IRS-1 codon in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
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Martínez-Gómez LE, Cruz M, Martínez-Nava GA, Madrid-Marina V, Parra E, García-Mena J, Espinoza-Rojo M, Estrada-Velasco BI, Piza-Roman LF, Aguilera P, Burguete-García AI. A replication study of the IRS1, CAPN10, TCF7L2, and PPARG gene polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in two different populations of Mexico. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:612-20. [PMID: 21834909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic degenerative disease that involves the participation of several genetic and environmental factors. The objective of the study was to determine the association of the IRS1 (rs1801278), CAPN10 (rs3792267), TCF7L2 (rs7903146 and rs12255372), and PPARG (rs1801282) gene polymorphisms with T2D, in two different Mexican populations. We conducted a case-control replication study in the state of Guerrero and in Mexico City, with 400 subjects from Guerrero and 1065 from Mexico City. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, adjusting by ancestry, age, gender, and BMI, to determine the association with T2D. Heterozygosity for the Gly972Arg variant of the IRS1 gene showed the strongest association for T2D in both analyzed samples (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.12-5.26 and 2.64, 95% CI 1.37-5.10, respectively). In addition, an association of two SNPs of the TCF7L2 gene with T2D was observed in both cities: rs7903146, (for Guerrero OR = 1.98 CI95% 1.02-3.89 and for Mexico OR = 1.94 CI95% 1.31-2.88) and rs12255372 (OR = 1.79 CI95% 1.08-2.97, OR = 1.78 CI95% 1.17-2.71 respectively). We suggest that our results provide strong evidence that variation in the IRS1 and TCF7L2 genes confers susceptibility to T2D in our studied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Martínez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, México
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40
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Calogero AE, Calabrò V, Catanuso M, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S. Understanding polycystic ovarian syndrome pathogenesis: an updated of its genetic aspects. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:630-44. [PMID: 21606667 DOI: 10.3275/7746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of female infertility. It is also characterized by metabolic defects that raise the risk for cardiovascular disease. Despite the progress in the definition of the clinical aspects of the syndrome, only very few definite data are available about the ethiopathogenetic mechanisms that subtend PCOS. It is likely that the PCOS phenotype derives from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. While environmental factors have easily been investigated, the individuation of the genetic factors seem to be more complex. Indeed, PCOS appears to be inherited as a complex, polygenic trait. Several family studies have been conducted with the aim to clarify the genetic aspects of PCOS, but their findings are often conflicting and not conclusive.Moreover, it is difficult to establish with certainty which genes are involved and their effective role in the development of the syndrome because in PCOS, genetic analysis is hampered by low fecundity, lack of a male phenotype, absence of an animal model, and dissimilarity of the diagnostic criteria used to select the patients. Since multiple biochemical pathways are implicated in PCOS pathogenesis, genes of steroid hormone metabolism, gonadotropin release and action, insulin secretion and action, adipose tissue metabolism and others have been investigated. Nevertheless, none of them seems to play a key role in the ethiopathogenesis of PCOS. This article reviews the large body of literature generated to support the presence of genetic abnormalities in PCOS women by taking in consideration the most important studies regarding PCOS candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Calogero
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and Master in Andrological, Human Reproduction and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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El-sisi AE, Hegazy SK, Metwally SS, Wafa AM, Dawood NA. Effect of genetic polymorphisms on the development of secondary failure to sulfonylurea in egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2011; 2:155-64. [PMID: 23148181 PMCID: PMC3474636 DOI: 10.1177/2042018811415985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the possibility that genetic factors, such as polymorphism of K inward rectifier subunit (Kir6.2), E23K, and Arg(972) polymorphism of insulin receptor sub-strate-1 (IRS-1), may predispose patients to sulfonylurea failure. METHODS A total of 100 unrelated Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. They were divided into two equal groups: group I consisted of patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea (hemoglobin A(1c) ≥ 8% despite sulfonylurea therapy) while group II consisted of patients whose condition was controlled with oral therapy. RESULTS Of all the patients, 45% and 14% were carriers of the K allele and Arg(972) variants respectively. The frequency of the K allele was 34% among patients with diabetes that was controlled with oral therapy and 56% among patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea. The frequency of the Arg(972) IRS-1 variant was 6% among patients with diabetes controlled with oral therapy and 22% among patients with secondary failure. CONCLUSION The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene and Arg(972) IRS-1 variants are associated with increased risk for secondary failure to sulfonylurea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Naglaa A. Dawood
- Specialized Internal Medicine Hospital, Mansoura University, Lecturer in clinical pharmacy dept., Pharmacy collage, King Khalid University, KSA
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Unluturk U, Harmanci A, Kocaefe C, Yildiz BO. The Genetic Basis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review Including Discussion of PPAR-gamma. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:49109. [PMID: 17389770 PMCID: PMC1820621 DOI: 10.1155/2007/49109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of the women of reproductive age. Familial clustering of PCOS has been consistently reported suggesting that genetic factors play a role in the development of the syndrome although PCOS cases do not exhibit a clear pattern of Mendelian inheritance. It is now well established that PCOS represents a complex trait similar to type-2 diabetes and obesity, and that both inherited and environmental factors contribute to the PCOS pathogenesis. A large number of functional candidate genes have been tested for association or linkage with PCOS phenotypes with more negative than positive findings. Lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, difficulties in the assignment of male phenotype, obscurity in the mode of inheritance, and particularly small sample size of the study populations appear to be major limitations for the genetic studies of PCOS. In the near future, utilizing the genome-wide scan approach and the HapMap project will provide a stronger potential for the genetic analysis of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Unluturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayla Harmanci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cetin Kocaefe
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent O. Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- *Bulent O. Yildiz:
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The associations between G972R polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene, insulin resistance, salt sensitivity and non-dipper hypertension. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1082-6. [PMID: 21677657 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between G972R polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the circadian variation in blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and salt sensitivity in subjects with uncomplicated, never-treated essential hypertension receiving low-, normal- and high-salt diets. The study was performed on 115 subjects aged 27.48±5.1 years with never-treated, uncomplicated hypertension. In the 7-day consecutive period of time, subjects received a normal-, low- and high-salt diet. At the end of each dietary regimen, the following parameters were recorded: 24-h blood pressure monitoring, lipid profile, insulin level, glucose level, aldosterone level and plasma renin activity. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). In comparison with Gly/Gly carriers, subjects with the G972R polymorphism had higher concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and HOMA but lower HDL cholesterol. On a high-salt diet, patients with the G972R polymorphism had an increased risk for insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR)=11.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.68-28.44), salt sensitivity (OR=5.38, 95% CI 1.14-25.34) and non-dipper hypertension (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.07-12.09). Regardless of the dietary salt intake, blood pressure values were similar between G972R and Gly/Gly carriers. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the G972R polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene is associated with insulin resistance, salt sensitivity and non-dipper hypertension.
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He MA, Workalemahu T, Cornelis MC, Hu FB, Qi L. Genetic variants near the IRS1 gene, physical activity and type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1579-82. [PMID: 21442158 PMCID: PMC4433538 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. He
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China. Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - T. Workalemahu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. C. Cornelis
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F. B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L. Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Genetic and Clinical Risk Factors of New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation in Hispanic Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2011; 91:1114-9. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31821620f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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46
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Pappa KI, Gazouli M, Economou K, Daskalakis G, Anastasiou E, Anagnou NP, Antsaklis A. Gestational diabetes mellitus shares polymorphisms of genes associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the Greek population. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:267-72. [PMID: 20540670 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.490609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share common pathophysiological features, including β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the association between GDM and five recently identified T2D susceptibility loci, in a Greek population. We studied 148 women with GDM and 107 non-diabetic unrelated pregnant Greek women, for polymorphisms in the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146 C/T), the PPARG gene (Pro12Ala), the KCNJ11 gene (E23K), the IRS1 gene (G972R) and in the FOXC2 gene (-512C>T). The T-allele of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM [p = 0.0003; odds ratio (OR) 2.04 (95%CI 1.38-3.00)]. Additionally, CT and TT genotypes were significantly overrepresented in women with GDM compared to controls (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0148, respectively). Analysis of the IRS1 G972R polymorphism showed that the R-allele frequency was increased in women with GDM [(p = 0.009; OR 1.67 (95%CI 1.14-2.47)]. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the other polymorphisms studied did not statistically differ between the GDM and the control women. Thus, our data suggest that the common T2D susceptibility polymorphism of TCF7L2 (rs7903146 C/T) gene, and the G972R polymorphism of the IRS1 gene, seem to predispose to GDM in Greek women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Hooper AJ, Adams LA, Burnett JR. Genetic determinants of hepatic steatosis in man. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:593-617. [PMID: 21245030 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r008896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is one of the most common liver disorders in the general population. The main cause of hepatic steatosis is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), representing the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance and excess adiposity are considered to play key roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Although the risk factors for NAFLD are well established, the genetic basis of hepatic steatosis is largely unknown. Here we review recent progress on genomic variants and their association with hepatic steatosis and discuss the potential impact of these genetic studies on clinical practice. Identifying the genetic determinants of hepatic steatosis will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Core Clinical Pathology and Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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48
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Kawamura S, Maesawa C, Nakamura K, Nakayama K, Morita M, Hiruma Y, Yoshida T, Sakai A, Masuda T. Predisposition for borderline personality disorder with comorbid major depression is associated with that for polycystic ovary syndrome in female Japanese population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011; 7:655-62. [PMID: 22090801 PMCID: PMC3215522 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s25504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common lifestyle-related endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and is associated with several mental health problems. We examined the genotypic distributions of IRS-1 Gly972Arg and CYP11B2 -344T/C, which were previously described as influencing PCOS, and assayed the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in a set of female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 50) and age-matched control subjects (n = 100), to investigate the predisposition for BPD with MDD. The results showed that the patients were more frequently IRS-1 972Arg variant allele carriers (P = 0.013; OR 6.68; 95% CI = 1.30-34.43) and homozygous for the CYP11B2 -344C variant allele (P = 0.022; OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.18-9.35) than the control subjects. The IL-6 level was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α level between patients with BPD with MDD and the healthy comparison group (P = 0.5273). In conclusion, the predisposition for BPD with MDD is associated with that for PCOS, in the female Japanese population. An elevated serum IL-6 level is considered to be a possible biomarker of BPD with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Seeringer A, Parmar S, Fischer A, Altissimo B, Zondler L, Lebedeva E, Pitterle K, Roots I, Kirchheiner J. Genetic variants of the insulin receptor substrate-1 are influencing the therapeutic efficacy of oral antidiabetics. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:1106-12. [PMID: 20977583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The therapeutic efficacy of oral hypoglycaemic drugs varies between individuals, and pharmacogenetic factors contribute to this variability. The Gly972Arg polymorphism in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has been shown to play a role in insulin signal transduction and therapeutic failure to sulphonylurea drugs. METHODS We studied the association between the IRS-1 polymorphism and the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in diabetic patients treated with insulinotropic versus non-insulinotropic hypoglycaemic drugs as a marker for the efficacy of an antidiabetic treatment. Genotyping of the IRS-1 Arg(972) variant was performed in type 2 diabetes patients treated with either sulphonylurea drugs, glinides or insulin or with metformin, acarbose or glitazones using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS Significantly higher HbA1c levels were observed in carriers of the Arg(972) variant after treatment with insulinotropic drugs compared to wild-type carriers (8.3 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.005, independent t-test). Furthermore, patients with secondary failure to insulinotropic hypoglycaemic drugs switching finally to insulin showed even higher HbA1c levels in carriers of Arg(972) compared to wild-type (8.7 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.005, independent t-test). CONCLUSIONS Thus, we were able to replicate the earlier findings of an association between the IRS-1 Arg(972) variant and secondary failure to sulphonylurea drugs, and further observed a general association between HbA1c and this polymorphism in type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulinotropic hypoglycaemic drugs but not with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seeringer
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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50
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Marín C, Pérez-Martínez P, Delgado-Lista J, Gómez P, Rodríguez F, Yubero-Serrano EM, García-Ríos A, Camargo A, Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J. The insulin sensitivity response is determined by the interaction between the G972R polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate 1 gene and dietary fat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:328-35. [PMID: 20824664 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marín
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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