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Conlon JM, Owolabi BO, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Amphibian host-defense peptides with potential for Type 2 diabetes therapy - an updated review. Peptides 2024; 175:171180. [PMID: 38401671 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigations conducted since 2018 have identified several host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions whose properties suggest the possibility of their development into a new class of agent for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapy. Studies in vitro have described peptides that (a) stimulate insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets, (b) display β-cell proliferative activity and protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and (c) stimulate production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibit production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Rhinophrynin-27, phylloseptin-3.2TR and temporin F are peptides with therapeutic potential. Studies in vivo carried out in db/db and high fat-fed mice have shown that twice-daily administration of [S4K]CPF-AM1 and [A14K]PGLa-AM1, analogs of peptides first isolated from the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti, over 28 days lowers circulating glucose and HbA1c concentrations, increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Peptide treatment produced potentially beneficial changes in the expression of skeletal muscle genes involved in insulin signaling and islet genes involved in insulin secretion in these murine models of T2D. Lead compounds uncovered by the study of frog HDPs may provide a basis for the design of new types of agents that can be used, alone or in combination with existing therapies, for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Bosede O Owolabi
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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2
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Hill TG, Hill DJ. The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4070. [PMID: 38612880 PMCID: PMC11012451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans are anatomically dispersed within the pancreas and exhibit regulatory coordination between islets in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. However, within individual islets, there is also multi-faceted coordination of function between individual beta-cells, and between beta-cells and other endocrine and vascular cell types. This is mediated partly through circulatory feedback of the major secreted hormones, insulin and glucagon, but also by autocrine and paracrine actions within the islet by a range of other secreted products, including somatostatin, urocortin 3, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1, acetylcholine, and ghrelin. Their availability can be modulated within the islet by pericyte-mediated regulation of microvascular blood flow. Within the islet, both endocrine progenitor cells and the ability of endocrine cells to trans-differentiate between phenotypes can alter endocrine cell mass to adapt to changed metabolic circumstances, regulated by the within-islet trophic environment. Optimal islet function is precariously balanced due to the high metabolic rate required by beta-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, and they are susceptible to oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress in the face of high metabolic demand. Resulting changes in paracrine dynamics within the islets can contribute to the emergence of Types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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3
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Mancinetti F, Xenos D, De Fano M, Mazzieri A, Porcellati F, Boccardi V, Mecocci P. Diabetes-Alzheimer's connection in older age: SGLT2 inhibitors as promising modulators of disease pathways. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102018. [PMID: 37481164 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in older persons. Subjects affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of vascular disease, cognitive decline, and dementia. LOAD has many characteristics shared with impaired insulin signaling pathways, and substantial evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role in dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that some anti-diabetic drugs, other than regulating the metabolism of peripheral tissues, can also modulate the brain's metabolism, reduce inflammation, and have a direct neuroprotective effect. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a newer class with many pleiotropic effects that may have strong neuroprotective potential. After a summary of the principal "anti-diabetic" drugs acting as suitable candidates in treating LOAD, this narrative review explored the potential role of SGLT2i on cognition from pre-clinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancinetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Dionysios Xenos
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Michelantonio De Fano
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzieri
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Porcellati
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Castiglione R, Vivacqua A, Santoro M, De Rose D, Peluso G, Panza S, Aquila S, D'Agata R. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Acts as Signaling Mediator to Modulate Human Sperm Performance via Targeting Akt, JNK and IRS-1 Cell Signaling Cascades: Novel Insights into Sperm Physiopathology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113844. [PMID: 37298039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the male gonad is a potential target of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We investigated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on sperm function and the molecular mechanisms through which it may act. Semen samples of healthy men were incubated in the presence or absence of a GLP-1 mimetic analog, exendin-4 (Exe). In a different analysis, sperm were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) alone and, in some tubes, TNF-α was added after previous exposure to exendin-4 (Exe). Sperm parameters and protein-kinase B (p-Akt), insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312), and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185) were considered and evaluated. Sperm parameters, when incubated for 4 h in a simple defined balanced salt solution lacking protein, declined progressively with incubation time. The maximum decline was associated with a significant decrease in phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), concomitantly to an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312) and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185). Preincubation with exendin-4 (Exe) prevented this decline and maintained sperm motility (progressive-PM and total-TM). TNF-α exposure resulted in decreased sperm motility (PM and TM) and viability (V) in a concentration-dependent manner. Exe addition attenuated this TNF-α negative effect on sperm parameters. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) also acts by reducing levels of the "negative" kinases p-IRS-1Ser312 and p-JNK. An imbalance involving these three kinases in sperm, as it occurs in somatic cells, is a novel scenario that may participate in sperm physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castiglione
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Peluso
- Unit of Physiophatology of Reproduction, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosario D'Agata
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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5
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Patel R, Parmar N, Palit SP, Rathwa N, Begum R. A novel combination of sitagliptin and melatonin ameliorates T2D manifestations: studies on experimental diabetic models. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6. [PMID: 36692817 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced pancreatic β-cell function and mass, and a reduced incretin effect. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with increased T2D risk. We have investigated the therapeutic potential of a combination of melatonin (M) and sitagliptin (S), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in the amelioration of T2D manifestations in high-fat diet (HFD) induced T2D mouse model and also on β-cell proliferation under gluco-lipotoxicity stress in vitro. METHODS For in vivo study, mice were fed with HFD for 25 weeks to induce T2D and were treated with monotherapies and S + M for four weeks. For the in vitro study, primary mouse islets were exposed to normal glucose and high glucose + palmitate to induce gluco-lipotoxic stress. RESULTS Our results suggest that monotherapies and S + M improve metabolic parameters and glyco-lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, and improve mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that β-cell mass was preserved in all the drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION The combination treatment is superior to monotherapies in the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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6
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Siddiqui EM, Mehan S, Bhalla S, Shandilya A. Potential role of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling activation in intracerebral hemorrhage. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100055. [PMID: 36685765 PMCID: PMC9846475 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1 and GLP-1 receptors are essential in all tissues, facilitating defense by upregulating anabolic processes. They are abundantly distributed throughout the central nervous system, promoting neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation. IGF-1/GLP-1 is a growth factor that stimulates neurons' development, reorganization, myelination, and survival. In primary and secondary brain injury, the IGF-1/GLP-1 receptors are impaired, resulting in further neuro complications such as cerebral tissue degradation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and atrophy. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition caused by a stroke for which there is currently no effective treatment. While some pre-clinical studies and medications are being developed as symptomatic therapies in clinical trials, there are specific pharmacological implications for improving post-operative conditions in patients with intensive treatment. Identifying the underlying molecular process and recognizing the worsening situation can assist researchers in developing effective therapeutic solutions to prevent post-hemorrhagic symptoms and the associated neural dysfunctions. As a result, in the current review, we have addressed the manifestations of the disease that are aggravated by the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 receptors, which can lead to ICH or other neurodegenerative disorders. Our review summarizes that IGF-1/GLP-1 activators may be useful for treating ICH and its related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ambika Shandilya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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7
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Yesildag B, Mir-Coll J, Neelakandhan A, Gibson CB, Perdue NR, Rufer C, Karsai M, Biernath A, Forschler F, Jin PW, Misun PM, Title A, Hierlemann A, Kreiner FF, Wesley JD, von Herrath MG. Liraglutide protects β-cells in novel human islet spheroid models of type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2022; 244:109118. [PMID: 36084852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To enable accurate, high-throughput and longer-term studies of the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we established three in-vitro islet-immune injury models by culturing spheroids derived from primary human islets with proinflammatory cytokines, activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or HLA-A2-restricted preproinsulin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In all models, β-cell function declined as manifested by increased basal and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS), and decreased intracellular insulin content. Additional hallmarks of T1D progression such as loss of the first-phase insulin response (FFIR), increased proinsulin-to-insulin ratios, HLA-class I expression, and inflammatory cytokine release were also observed. Using these models, we show that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, prevented loss of GSIS under T1D-relevant stress, by preserving the FFIR and decreasing immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. Our results corroborate that liraglutide mediates an anti-inflammatory effect that aids in protecting β-cells from the immune-mediated attack that leads to T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire B Gibson
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Nikole R Perdue
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Wu Jin
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Johnna D Wesley
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark; La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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8
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Turan B, Durak A, Olgar Y, Tuncay E. Comparisons of pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition and GLP-1 agonism on cardiac glucose intolerance in heart dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2609-2625. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Pan F, Li J, Dou R, Wang X, Wang Y, He Y, Wang S, Cai S. In silico analysis of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides released from Macadamia integrifolia antimicrobial protein 2 (MiAMP2) and the possible pathways involved in diabetes protection. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:603-611. [PMID: 34522898 PMCID: PMC8424447 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from Macadamia integrifolia antimicrobial protein 2 (MiAMP2) and evaluate the potential antidiabetic targets and involved signaling pathways using in silico approaches. In silico digestion of MiAMP2 with pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin was performed with ExPASy PeptideCutter and the generated peptides were subjected to BIOPEP-UWM, iDrug, INNOVAGEN and Autodock Vina for further analyses. Six novel peptides EQVR, EQVK, AESE, EEDNK, EECK, and EVEE were predicted to possess good DPP-IV inhibitory potentials, water solubility, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Molecular dynamic simulation and molecular docking displayed that AESE was the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and can bind with the active sites of DPP-IV through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The potential antidiabetic targets of AESE were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified BIRC2, CASP3, MMP7 and BIRC3 to be the hub targets. Moreover, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that AESE prevented diabetes through the apoptosis and TNF signaling pathways. These results will provide new insights into utilization of MiAMP2 as functional food ingredients for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ran Dou
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yumeng He
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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10
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Shandilya A, Mehan S. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in the progression of ALS: potential target activators and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3145-3166. [PMID: 34018075 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent causes for motor neuron diseases like ALS are demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Numerous research studies indicate that the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways plays a significant role in the progression of ALS pathogenesis and other neurological disorders. In the current review, we discussed the dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in neurodegenerative manifestations of ALS like a genetic anomaly, oligodendrocyte degradation, demyelination, glial overactivation, immune deregulation, and neuroexcitation. In addition, the current review reveals the IGF-1 and GLP-1 activators based on the premise that the restoration of abnormal IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling could result in neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects for the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS and other brain diseases. Thus, the potential benefits of IGF-1/GLP-1 signal upregulation in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may prevent ALS and associated neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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11
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Icart LP, Souza FG, Lima LMTR. Polymeric microparticle systems for modified release of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:249-261. [PMID: 33586588 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1889059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a fast-growing worldwide epidemic. Despite the multiple therapies available to treat type 2 diabetes, the disease is not correctly managed in over half of patients, mainly due to non-compliance with prescribed treatment regimes. The development of analogues to the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has resulted in the extension of its half-life and associated benefits. Further benefits in the use of peptide-based GLP-1 receptor agonists have been achieved by the use of controlled-release systems based on polymeric microparticles. In this review, we focus on commercially available formulations and others that remain in development, discussing the preparation methods and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo kinetic release behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Peña Icart
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory (pbiotech), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomes Souza
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory (pbiotech), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), Brazilian National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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12
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Musale V, Moffett RC, Conlon JM, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YH. Beneficial actions of the [A14K] analog of the frog skin peptide PGLa-AM1 in mice with obesity and degenerative diabetes: A mechanistic study. Peptides 2021; 136:170472. [PMID: 33338546 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic actions of [A14K]PGLa-AM1, an analog of peptide glycine-leucine-amide-AM1 isolated from skin secretions of the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti, were investigated in genetically diabetic-obese db/db mice. Twice daily administration of [A14K]PGLa-AM1 (75 nmol/kg body weight) for 28 days significantly (P < 0.05) decreased circulating blood glucose and HbA1c and increased plasma insulin concentrations leading to improvements in glucose tolerance. The elevated levels of triglycerides, LDL and cholesterol associated with the db/db phenotype were significantly reduced by peptide administration. Elevated plasma alanine transaminase, aspartic acid transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and creatinine concentrations were also significantly decreased. Peptide treatment increased pancreatic insulin content and improved the responses of isolated islets to established insulin secretagogues. No significant changes in islet β-cell and α-cell areas were observed in [A14K]PGLa-AM1 treated mice but the loss of large and medium-size islets was prevented. Peptide administration resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) increase in islet expression of the gene encoding Pdx-1, a major transcription factor in islet cells determining β-cell survival and function, resulting in increased expression of genes involved with insulin secretion (Abcc8, Kcnj11, Slc2a2, Cacn1c) together with the genes encoding the incretin receptors Glp1r and Gipr. In addition, the elevated expression of insulin signalling genes (Slc2a4, Insr, Irs1, Akt1, Pik3ca, Ppm1b) in skeletal muscle associated with the db/db phenotype was downregulated by peptide treatment These data suggest that the anti-diabetic properties of [A14K]PGLa-AM1 are mediated by molecular changes that enhance both the secretion and action of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
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13
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Jo S, Fang S. Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes: Immune Modulation in Pancreatic β Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716692. [PMID: 34484126 PMCID: PMC8415970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of type I and type II diabetes has been prevailed worldwide. Though the pathogenesis of molecular mechanisms remains still unclear, there are solid evidence that disturbed immune homeostasis leads to pancreatic β cell failure. Currently, autoimmunity and uncontrolled inflammatory signaling pathways have been considered the major factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many components of immune system have been reported to implicate pancreatic β cell failure, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells and gut microbiota. Immune modulation of those components using small molecules and antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation are undergoing in many clinical trials for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. In this review we will discuss the basis of molecular pathogenesis focusing on the disturbed immune homeostasis in type I and type II diabetes, leading to pancreatic β cell destruction. Finally, we will introduce current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials by modulation of immune system for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sungsoon Fang,
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14
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He Q, Bo J, Shen R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Liu Y. S1P Signaling Pathways in Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1341750. [PMID: 34751249 PMCID: PMC8571914 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very complicated. The currently well-accepted etiology is the "Ominous Octet" theory proposed by Professor Defronzo. Since presently used drugs for T2DM have limitations and harmful side effects, studies regarding alternative treatments are being conducted. Analyzing the pharmacological mechanism of biomolecules in view of pathogenesis is an effective way to assess new drugs. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), an endogenous lipid substance in the human body, has attracted increasing attention in the T2DM research field. This article reviews recent study updates of S1P, summarizing its effects on T2DM with respect to pathogenesis, promoting β cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, reducing insulin resistance, protecting the liver and pancreas from lipotoxic damage, improving intestinal incretin effects, lowering basal glucagon levels, etc. With increasing research, S1P may help treat and prevent T2DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Bo
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ruihua Shen
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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15
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Clough DW, King JL, Li F, Shea LD. Integration of Islet/Beta-Cell Transplants with Host Tissue Using Biomaterial Platforms. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5902435. [PMID: 32894299 PMCID: PMC8253249 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are emerging for type I diabetes mellitus (T1D), an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, as a means to provide long-term restoration of glycemic control. Biomaterial scaffolds provide an opportunity to enhance the manufacturing and transplantation of islets or stem cell-derived β-cells. In contrast to encapsulation strategies that prevent host contact with the graft, recent approaches aim to integrate the transplant with the host to facilitate glucose sensing and insulin distribution, while also needing to modulate the immune response. Scaffolds can provide a supportive niche for cells either during the manufacturing process or following transplantation at extrahepatic sites. Scaffolds are being functionalized to deliver oxygen, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, or trophic factors, and may facilitate cotransplantation of cells that can enhance engraftment or modulate immune responses. This local engineering of the transplant environment can complement systemic approaches for maximizing β-cell function or modulating immune responses leading to rejection. This review discusses the various scaffold platforms and design parameters that have been identified for the manufacture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells, and the transplantation of islets/β-cells to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Clough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica L King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Feiran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Lonnie D. Shea, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Islet dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Compelling evidence suggests that accumulation of islet amyloid in the islets of Langerhans significantly contribute to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Emerging evidence implicates a role for cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Impaired first-phase insulin responses and glucose homeostasis have also been reported in cystic fibrosis patients. The transforming growth factor-β protein superfamily is central regulators of pancreatic cell function, and has a key role in pancreas development and pancreatic disease, including diabetes and islet dysfunction. It is also becoming clear that islet inflammation plays a key role in the development of islet dysfunction. Inflammatory changes, including accumulation of macrophages, have been documented in type 2 diabetic islets. Islet dysfunction leads to hyperglycemia and ultimately the development of diabetes. In this review, we describe these risk factors and their associations with islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Eastern Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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17
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Shah FA, Mahmud H, Gallego-Martin T, Jurczak MJ, O’Donnell CP, McVerry BJ. Therapeutic Effects of Endogenous Incretin Hormones and Exogenous Incretin-Based Medications in Sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5274-5284. [PMID: 31216011 PMCID: PMC6763279 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a complex disorder characterized by a dysregulated immune response to an inciting infection, affects over one million Americans annually. Dysglycemia during sepsis hospitalization confers increased risk of organ dysfunction and death, and novel targets for the treatment of sepsis and maintenance of glucose homeostasis are needed. Incretin hormones are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to enteral nutrients and potentiate insulin release from pancreatic β cells in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby reducing the risk of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Incretin hormones also reduce systemic inflammation in preclinical studies, but studies of incretins in the setting of sepsis are limited. METHODS In this bench-to-bedside mini-review, we detail the evidence to support incretin hormones as a therapeutic target in patients with sepsis. We performed a PubMed search using the medical subject headings "incretins," "glucagon-like peptide-1," "gastric inhibitory peptide," "inflammation," and "sepsis." RESULTS Incretin-based therapies decrease immune cell activation, inhibit proinflammatory cytokine release, and reduce organ dysfunction and mortality in preclinical models of sepsis. Several small clinical trials in critically ill patients have suggested potential benefit in glycemic control using exogenous incretin infusions, but these studies had limited power and were performed in mixed populations. Further clinical studies examining incretins specifically in septic populations are needed. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the incretin hormone axis in sepsis may provide a means of not only promoting euglycemia in sepsis but also attenuating the proinflammatory response and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Veteran Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Faraaz Ali Shah, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue NW, 628 MUH, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213. E-mail:
| | - Hussain Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa Gallego-Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O’Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Guan B, Wang L, Ma L, Liu X, Liu L. EFFECTS OF EXENDIN-4 ON ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS-MEDIATED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2019; 15:158-164. [PMID: 31508171 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is suspected as an important factor in the initiation of insulin resistance. Aim To explore the effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) on the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In our study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pre-treated with ERS inhibitors tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), Ex-4 and an ERS inducer tunicamycin (TM) then induced insulin resistance. Glucose consumption of the adipocytes was measured. Western blots determined the protein levels of ERS markers and insulin signaling pathway. Results TM treatment reduced insulin-stimulated glucose consumption by 19.7% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This repression was blunted by 24h pre-treatment with TUDCA or Ex-4. Ex-4 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose consumption in adipocytes by 14.9%. Western blotting showed that TM treatment significantly increased the ER stress markers including p-IRE, p-JNK, p-PERK, p-eIF2a and ATF6 expression, whereas 24h pre-treatment of adipocytes with TUDCA or Ex-4 alleviated the ER stress. Ex-4 alleviates ERS-induced insulin resistance by upregulating the expression of phosphorylated Akt. Conclusion ERs mediates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and exendin-4 significantly improves this insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Wang
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Ma
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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19
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Yaribeygi H, Lhaf F, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Effects of novel antidiabetes agents on apoptotic processes in diabetes and malignancy: Implications for lowering tissue damage. Life Sci 2019; 231:116538. [PMID: 31176776 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a complicated process that involves activation of a series of intracellular signaling. Tissue injuries from diabetes mellitus mostly occur as a consequence of higher rate of apoptosis process due to activation of a series of molecular mechanisms. Several classes of anti-hyperglycaemic agents have been developed which could potentially modulate the apoptotic process resulting in fewer tissue damages. Novel types of anti-hyperglycaemic medications such as sodium glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have shown to provide potent anti-hyperglycaemic effects, but their influences on diabetes-induced apoptotic injuries is largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, we reviewed the published data about the possible effects of these anti-hyperglycaemic agents on apoptosis in diabetic milieu as well as in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fadel Lhaf
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Zhao MX, Wen JL, Wang L, Wang XP, Chen TS. Intracellular catalase activity instead of glutathione level dominates the resistance of cells to reactive oxygen species. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:609-619. [PMID: 30989612 PMCID: PMC6527626 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artesunate (ARS) induced significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HepG2, HeLa, and A549 lines. However, ARS induced ROS-dependent apoptosis in HeLa and A549 cell lines but ROS-independent apoptosis in HepG2 cells. A total of 200 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells, while H2O2 up to 300 μM did not induce cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, further demonstrating the strong resistance of HepG2 cells to ROS. HeLa cells had much higher basic total glutathione (T-GSH) level than HepG2 cells, while the ratio of basic reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in HepG2 cells was nearly twice than that in HeLa and A549 cells. Inhibition of glutathione markedly enhanced H2O2- or ARS-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa and A549 cell lines but modestly enhanced the cytotoxicity of H2O2 and even did not affect the cytotoxicity of ARS in HepG2 cells. Moreover, addition of GSH remarkably prevented H2O2- or ARS-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa and A549 cell lines, further indicating the involvement of GSH in scavenging ROS in the two cell lines. HepG2 cells exhibited higher catalase activity than HeLa cells, and inhibiting catalase activity by using 3-aminotriazole (3-AT, a specific inhibition of catalase) or catalase siRNA remarkably reduced the resistance of HepG2 cells to ROS, demonstrating the key roles of catalase for the strong resistance of HepG2 cells to ROS. Collectively, catalase activity instead of glutathione level dominates the resistance of cells to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Lin Wen
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Tong-Sheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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21
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Liu J, Yang K, Yang J, Xiao W, Le Y, Yu F, Gu L, Lang S, Tian Q, Jin T, Wei R, Hong T. Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in attenuating hepatic glucose output. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:73-84. [PMID: 30827929 PMCID: PMC6443026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its based agents improve glycemic control. Although their attenuating effect on hepatic glucose output has drawn our attention for decades, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Cytokine array kit was used to assess cytokine profiles in db/db mice and mouse primary hepatocytes treated with exenatide (exendin-4). Two diabetic mouse models (db/db and Pax6m/+) were treated with a GLP-1 analog exenatide or liraglutide. The expression and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the livers of diabetic mice, primary mouse and human hepatocytes, and the human hepatic cell line HepG2 treated with or without GLP-1 analog were measured. Blockage of FGF21 with neutralizing antibody or siRNA, or hepatocytes isolated from Fgf21 knockout mice were used, and the expression and activity of key enzymes in gluconeogenesis were analyzed. Serum FGF21 level was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving exenatide treatment. FINDINGS Utilizing the cytokine array, we identified that FGF21 secretion was upregulated by exenatide (exendin-4). Similarly, FGF21 production in hepatocytes was stimulated by exenatide or liraglutide. FGF21 blockage attenuated the inhibitory effects of the GLP-1 analogs on hepatic glucose output. Similar results were also observed in primary hepatocytes from Fgf21 knockout mice. Furthermore, exenatide treatment increased serum FGF21 level in patients with T2D, particularly in those with better glucose control. INTERPRETATION We identify that function of GLP-1 in inhibiting hepatic glucose output is mediated via the liver hormone FGF21. Thus, we provide a new extra-pancreatic mechanism by which GLP-1 regulates glucose homeostasis. FUND: National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing and Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangbiao Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianru Jin
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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22
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González-Mariscal I, Montoro RA, Doyle ME, Liu QR, Rouse M, O'Connell JF, Santa-Cruz Calvo S, Krzysik-Walker SM, Ghosh S, Carlson OD, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Chia CW, Ghosh P, Egan JM. Absence of cannabinoid 1 receptor in beta cells protects against high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced beta cell dysfunction and inflammation in murine islets. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1470-1483. [PMID: 29497784 PMCID: PMC6201315 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. CB1R is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and is coupled to the G protein Gαi, suggesting a negative regulation of endogenous signalling in the beta cell. Deciphering the exact function of CB1R in beta cells has been confounded by the expression of this receptor on multiple tissues involved in regulating metabolism. Thus, in models of global genetic or pharmacological CB1R blockade, it is difficult to distinguish the indirect effects of improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues from the direct effects of inhibiting CB1R in beta cells per se. To assess the direct contribution of beta cell CB1R to metabolism, we designed a mouse model that allows us to determine the role of CB1R specifically in beta cells in the context of whole-body metabolism. METHODS We generated a beta cell specific Cnr1 (CB1R) knockout mouse (β-CB1R-/-) to study the long-term consequences of CB1R ablation on beta cell function in adult mice. We measured beta cell function, proliferation and viability in these mice in response to a high-fat/high-sugar diet and induction of acute insulin resistance with the insulin receptor antagonist S961. RESULTS β-CB1R-/- mice had increased fasting (153 ± 23% increase at 10 weeks of age) and stimulated insulin secretion and increased intra-islet cAMP levels (217 ± 33% increase at 10 weeks of age), resulting in primary hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased beta cell viability, proliferation and islet area (1.9-fold increase at 10 weeks of age). Hyperinsulinaemia led to insulin resistance, which was aggravated by a high-fat/high-sugar diet and weight gain, although beta cells maintained their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose. Strikingly, islets from β-CB1R-/- mice were protected from diet-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that this is a consequence of curtailment of oxidative stress and reduced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate CB1R to be a negative regulator of beta cell function and a mediator of islet inflammation under conditions of metabolic stress. Our findings point to beta cell CB1R as a therapeutic target, and broaden its potential to include anti-inflammatory effects in both major forms of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY Microarray data have been deposited at GEO (GSE102027).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Montoro
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Máire E Doyle
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael Rouse
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sara Santa-Cruz Calvo
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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23
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Ruan S, Gu Y, Liu B, Gao H, Hu X, Hao H, Jin L, Cai T. Long-Acting Release Microspheres Containing Novel GLP-1 Analog as an Antidiabetic System. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2857-2869. [PMID: 29763559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has recently received significant attention as an efficacious way to treat diabetes mellitus. However, the short half-life of the peptide limits its clinical application in diabetes. In our previous study, a novel GLP-1 analog (PGLP-1) with a longer half-life was synthesized and evaluated. Herein, we prepared the PGLP-1-loaded poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) microspheres to achieve long-term effects on blood glucose control. The incorporation of zinc ion into the formulation can effectively decrease the initial burst release, and a uniform drug distribution was obtained, in contrast to native PGLP-1 encapsulated microspheres. We demonstrated that the solubility of the drug encapsulated in microspheres played an important role in in vitro release behavior and drug distribution inside the microspheres. The Zn-PGLP-1 microspheres had a prominent acute glucose reduction effect in the healthy mice. A hypoglycemic effect was observed in the streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice through a 6-week treatment of Zn-PGLP-1-loaded microspheres. Meanwhile, the administration of Zn-PGLP-1 microspheres led to the β-cell protection and stimulation of insulin secretion. The novel GLP-1 analog-loaded sustained microspheres may greatly improve patient compliance along with a desirable safety feature.
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Zhang Y, Warnock GL, Ao Z, Park YJ, Safikhan N, Ghahary A, Marzban L. Amyloid formation reduces protein kinase B phosphorylation in primary islet β-cells which is improved by blocking IL-1β signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193184. [PMID: 29474443 PMCID: PMC5825069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation in the pancreatic islets due to aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) contributes to reduced β-cell mass and function in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and islet transplantation. Protein kinase B (PKB) signaling plays a key role in the regulation of β-cell survival, function and proliferation. In this study, we used human and hIAPP-expressing transgenic mouse islets in culture as two ex vivo models of human islet amyloid formation to: 1. Investigate the effects of amyloid formation on PKB phosphorylation in primary islet β-cells; 2. Test if inhibition of amyloid formation and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling in islets can restore the changes in β-cell phospho-PKB levels mediated by amyloid formation. Human and hIAPP-expressing mouse islets were cultured in elevated glucose with an amyloid inhibitor (Congo red) or embedded within collagen matrix to prevent amyloid formation. To block the IL-1β signaling, human islets were treated with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (exenatide). β-cell phospho-PKB levels, proliferation, apoptosis, islet IL-1β levels and amyloid formation were assessed. Amyloid formation in both cultured human and hIAPP-expressing mouse islets reduced β-cell phospho-PKB levels and increased islet IL-1β levels, both of which were restored by prevention of amyloid formation either by the amyloid inhibitor or embedding islets in collagen matrix, resulting in improved β-cell survival. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-1β signaling by treatment with anakinra or exenatide increased β-cell phospho-PKB levels, enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis in amyloid forming human islets during 7-day culture. These data suggest that amyloid formation leads to reduced PKB phosphorylation in β-cells which is associated with elevated islet IL-1β levels. Inhibitors of amyloid or amyloid-induced IL-1β production may provide a new approach to restore phospho-PKB levels thereby enhance β-cell survival and proliferation in conditions associated with islet amyloid formation such as T2D and clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Garth L. Warnock
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ao
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoo Jin Park
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nooshin Safikhan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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Pendharkar SA, Singh RG, Chand SK, Cervantes A, Petrov MS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines after an episode of acute pancreatitis: associations with fasting gut hormone profile. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:339-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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26
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Skarbaliene J, Rigbolt KT, Fosgerau K, Billestrup N. In-vitro and in-vivo studies supporting the therapeutic potential of ZP3022 in diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Medras ZJH, El-Sayed NM, Zaitone SA, Toraih EA, Sami MM, Moustafa YM. Glutamine up-regulates pancreatic sodium-dependent neutral aminoacid transporter-2 and mitigates islets apoptosis in diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:233-242. [PMID: 29475006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamine aminoacid regulates insulin exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that has fascinated function in inhibiting β-cell apoptosis and preserving pancreatic β-cell mass. The present study investigated the benefit of adding glutamine to a regimen of liraglutide in diabetic rats focusing on their role in increasing insulin production and upregulation of the expression of sodium-dependent neutral aminoacid transporter-2 (SNAT2). METHODS In the present study, diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin (STZ, 50mg/kg, ip). Male rats were allocated into 5 groups, (i) vehicle group, (ii) STZ-diabetic rats, (iii) STZ-diabetic rats treated with liraglutide (150μg/kg, sc), (iv) STZ-diabetic rats treated with glutamine (po) and (v) STZ-diabetic rats treated with a combination of liraglutide and glutamine for four weeks. After finishing the therapeutic courses, the fasting blood glucose value was determined and rats were sacrificed. Pancreases were used for quantification of mRNA expression for SNAT2. Paraffin fixed samples were used for histologic staining and immunohistochemistry for insulin and apoptosis markers (activated caspase-3, BCL2 and BAX). RESULTS Treatment with liraglutide and/or glutamine enhanced insulin production and hence glycemic control in diabetic male rats with favorable effects on apoptosis markers. Treatment with glutamine and its combination with liraglutide significantly increased pancreatic expression of SNAT2 by approximately 30-35 folds. CONCLUSION Addition of glutamine to liraglutide regimen enhances the glycemic control and may have utility in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal M Sami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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28
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Zhang Y, Fava GE, Wu M, Htun W, Klein T, Fonseca VA, Wu H. Effects of Linagliptin on Pancreatic α Cells of Type 1 Diabetic Mice. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:1224-1234. [PMID: 29264448 PMCID: PMC5686619 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin promotes β-cell survival and insulin secretion by prolonging endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) action and therefore helps to maintain normoglycemia in diabetic patients. The effect of linagliptin on glucagon-producing α cells, however, was not clear. In this study, we investigated whether linagliptin had any effects on α cells with regard to their proliferation and hormonal production using type 1 diabetes mouse models, including streptozotocin-induced and nonobese diabetes mice. After diabetes development, the mice were either untreated or treated with linagliptin or insulin for up to 6 weeks. Our results showed that linagliptin significantly increased circulating GLP-1 levels in both type 1 diabetes models, but therapeutic benefit was detected in nonobese diabetes mice only. Circulating C-peptide and glucagon levels (nonfasting) were not significantly altered by linagliptin treatment in either model. In addition, we found that linagliptin did not increase α-cell proliferation compared with the untreated or insulin-treated controls as assessed by in vivo 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling assay. Finally, we examined whether linagliptin treatment altered GLP-1 vs glucagon expression in pancreatic α cells. Immunohistochemistry assays showed that linagliptin treatment resulted in detection of GLP-1 in more α cells than in control groups, suggesting linagliptin was able to increase intraislet GLP-1 presence, presumably by inhibiting GLP-1 degradation. In summary, this study indicates that linagliptin would not confer adverse effect on α cells, such as causing α cell hyperplasia, and instead may facilitate a blood glucose-lowering effect by increasing GLP-1 presence in α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Genevieve E Fava
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Meifen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Wynn Htun
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach 88597, Germany
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Hongju Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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29
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Insuela DBR, Carvalho VF. Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 as novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:64-72. [PMID: 28688914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are polypeptide hormones that are produced by pancreatic α-cells and the intestine, respectively, whose main function is to control glucose homeostasis. The glucagon and GLP-1 levels are imbalanced in diabetes. Furthermore, type 1 diabetic patients and animals present with a diminished inflammatory response, which is related to some morbidities of diabetes, such as a higher incidence of infectious diseases, including sepsis. The focus of this review is to briefly summarize the state of the art concerning the effects of glucagon and GLP-1 on the inflammatory response. Here, we propose that glucagon and GLP-1 have anti-inflammatory properties, making them possible prototypes for the design and synthesis of new compounds to treat inflammatory diseases. In addition, glucagon, GLP-1 or their analogues or new derivatives may not only be important for managing inflammatory diseases but may also have the therapeutic potential to prevent, cure or ameliorate diabetes in patients by counteracting the deleterious effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the function and viability of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, GLP-1, its analogues or drugs that inhibit GLP-1 metabolism may have a doubly beneficial effect in diabetic patients by inhibiting the inflammatory response and reducing glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella B R Insuela
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, n°4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, n°4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil.
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30
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Berchtold LA, Miani M, Diep TA, Madsen AN, Cigliola V, Colli M, Krivokapic JM, Pociot F, Eizirik DL, Meda P, Holst B, Billestrup N, Størling J. Pannexin-2-deficiency sensitizes pancreatic β-cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis in vitro and impairs glucose tolerance in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 448:108-121. [PMID: 28390953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins (Panx's) are membrane proteins involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell death signaling and immune functions. The role and functions of Panx's in pancreatic β-cells remain to be clarified. Here, we show Panx1 and Panx2 expression in isolated islets, primary β-cells, and β-cell lines. The expression of Panx2, but not Panx1, was downregulated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plus interferon-γ (IFNγ), two pro-inflammatory cytokines suggested to contribute to β-cell demise in type 1 diabetes (T1D). siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of Panx2 aggravated cytokine-induced apoptosis in rat INS-1E cells and primary rat β-cells, suggesting anti-apoptotic properties of Panx2. An anti-apoptotic function of Panx2 was confirmed in isolated islets from Panx2-/- mice and in human EndoC-βH1 cells. Panx2 KD was associated with increased cytokine-induced activation of STAT3 and higher expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Glucose-stimulated insulin release was impaired in Panx2-/- islets, and Panx2-/- mice subjected to multiple low-dose Streptozotocin (MLDS) treatment, a model of T1D, developed more severe diabetes compared to wild type mice. These data suggest that Panx2 is an important regulator of the insulin secretory capacity and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A Berchtold
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michela Miani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thi A Diep
- Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas N Madsen
- Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maikel Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Herlev, Denmark
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Herlev, Denmark.
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Ma J, Li H, Hu X, Yang L, Chen Q, Hu C, Chen Z, Tian X, Yang Y, Luo Y, Gan R, Yang J. CMD-05, a novel promising clinical anti-diabetic drug candidate, in vivo and vitro studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46628. [PMID: 28406239 PMCID: PMC5390258 DOI: 10.1038/srep46628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor has been expected to be a new class of anti-diabetic agent. The present study was designed to characterize the pharmacological profiles of CMD-05, a novel DPP-IV inhibitor discovered in our laboratory, in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of CMD-05 on DPP-IV inhibitory activity was approximately 12 nM while vildagliptin was 3.5 nM in vitro. In diabetes rat model established by high fat diet/low dose streptozotocin, CMD-05 inhibited DPP-IV activity, significantly improved glucose tolerance, increased GLP-1 and insulin levels in plasma. Long-term administration of CMD-05 decreased HbA1c and TG levels and improved the islet function without significantly effect on body weight. Furthermore, CMD-05 reduced INS-1 cell apoptosis and increased GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716. After oral administration, CMD-05 reached peak concentration at 30 min with half-life of 288 minutes and the inhibitory rate of DPP-IV greater than 50% lasted for 15 h. In fasted normal rats, CMD-05 didn't cause significant hypoglycemia. CMD-05 had a lower cytotoxicity than vildagliptin in vitro and its maximum tolerance dose in mice is beyond 2000 mg/kg. These results indicated that CMD-05 has similar activity with vildagliptin in vivo and has a much longer half-life and lower cytotoxicity than vildagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Congli Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Run Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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Lee S, Lee DY. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:15-26. [PMID: 28443255 PMCID: PMC5401818 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Patients with T2D suffer from various diabetes-related complications. Since there are many patients with T2D that cannot be controlled by previously developed drugs, it has been necessary to develop new drugs, one of which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to ameliorate diabetes-related conditions by augmenting pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion and having the low risk of causing hypoglycemia. Because of a very short half-life of GLP-1, many researches have been focused on the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with long half-lives such as exenatide and dulaglutide. Now GLP-1R agonists have a variety of dosing-cycle forms to meet the needs of various patients. In this article, we review the physiological features of GLP-1, the effects of GLP-1 on T2D, the features of several GLP-1R agonists, and the therapeutic effect on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungah Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Gu J, Wei Q, Zheng H, Meng X, Zhang J, Wang D. Exendin-4 Promotes Survival of Mouse Pancreatic β-Cell Line in Lipotoxic Conditions, through the Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 1/2 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5294025. [PMID: 27656657 PMCID: PMC5021481 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5294025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder that develops as a result of relatively inappropriate insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are one of the important factors for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and contribute to defective β-cell proliferation and increased β-cell apoptosis. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been shown to possess an antiapoptotic effect, by increasing β-cell mass and improving β-cell function. However, their effects on β-cells in vitro against lipotoxicity have not been elucidated completely. In this study, we investigated whether the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 displays prosurvival effects in pancreatic β-cells exposed to chronic elevated FFAs. Results showed that exendin-4 inhibited apoptosis induced by palmitate in MIN6 cells. After 24 h of incubation, exendin-4 caused rapid activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) under lipotoxic conditions. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 blocked the antilipotoxic effect of exendin-4 on MIN6 cells. Exendin-4 also inhibited the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This inhibition is associated with upregulation of BCL-2. Our findings suggested that exendin-4 may exert cytoprotective effects through activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hongzhi Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Wang L, Tang L, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu X, Liu X, Chen Z, Liu L. Exendin-4 protects HUVECs from t-BHP-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt-Bcl-2-caspase-3 signaling. Endocr Res 2016; 41:229-35. [PMID: 27030608 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2015.1110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the insulinotropic role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been substantiated, its role in cardioprotection remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of exendin-4 on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS HUVECs were treated with 100 µmol/L t-BHP for 4 h, following pretreatment with 2.5-25 nmol/L exendin-4. Cell viability was determined using an dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst/PI staining. Expression of cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3(caspase-3), beta-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), protein kinase B(AKT), and phosphorylated AKT was detected by western blotting. RESULTS Exendin-4 reduced the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis when HUVECs were exposed to t-BHP. Exendin-4 downregulated caspase-3 activity and increased Bcl-2 protein levels in t-BHP-treated HUVECs. These exendin-4-mediated effects were blocked in the presence of an inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). Exendin-4 reversed t-BHP-mediated inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, which was abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that exendin-4 reduces t-BHP-induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Additionally, PI3K/Akt-Bcl-2-caspase-3 signaling is involved in the exendin-4-mediated modulation of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Li Tang
- b Department of Nephrology , The Xianyang Central Hospital , Shanxi , China
- c Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Shanxi , China
| | - Yanping Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Lijing Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Zhou Chen
- d Department of Pharmacy , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Liu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
- e Elderly Health Institute , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
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Inhibition of the MAP3 kinase Tpl2 protects rodent and human β-cells from apoptosis and dysfunction induced by cytokines and enhances anti-inflammatory actions of exendin-4. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2065. [PMID: 26794660 PMCID: PMC4816180 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines exert cytotoxic effects on β-cells, and are involved in the pathogenesis of type I and type II diabetes and in the drastic loss of β-cells following islet transplantation. Cytokines induce apoptosis and alter the function of differentiated β-cells. Although the MAP3 kinase tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is known to integrate signals from inflammatory stimuli in macrophages, fibroblasts and adipocytes, its role in β-cells is unknown. We demonstrate that Tpl2 is expressed in INS-1E β-cells, mouse and human islets, is activated and upregulated by cytokines and mediates ERK1/2, JNK and p38 activation. Tpl2 inhibition protects β-cells, mouse and human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis and preserves glucose-induced insulin secretion in mouse and human islets exposed to cytokines. Moreover, Tpl2 inhibition does not affect survival or positive effects of glucose (i.e., ERK1/2 phosphorylation and basal insulin secretion). The protection against cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis is strengthened when Tpl2 inhibition is combined with the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog exendin-4 in INS-1E cells. Furthermore, when combined with exendin-4, Tpl2 inhibition prevents cytokine-induced death and dysfunction of human islets. This study proposes that Tpl2 inhibitors, used either alone or combined with a GLP-1 analog, represent potential novel and effective therapeutic strategies to protect diabetic β-cells.
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Yang L, Yao D, Yang H, Wei Y, Peng Y, Ding Y, Shu L. Puerarin Protects Pancreatic β-Cells in Obese Diabetic Mice via Activation of GLP-1R Signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:361-71. [PMID: 26789107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a loss and dysfunction of the β-cell. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling plays an important role in β-cell survival and function. It is meaningful to identify promising agents from natural products which might activate GLP-1R signaling. In this study, puerarin, a diet isoflavone, was evaluated its beneficial effects on β-cell survival and GLP-1R pathway. We showed that puerarin reduced the body weight gain, normalized blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced and db/db diabetic mice. Most importantly, increased β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation but decreased β-cell apoptosis were observed in puerarin-treated diabetic mice as examined by immunostaining of mice pancreatic sections. The protective effect of puerarin on β-cell survival was confirmed in isolated mouse islets treated with high glucose. Further mechanism studies showed that the circulating level of GLP-1 in mice was unaffected by puerarin. However, puerarin enhanced GLP-1R signaling by up-regulating expressions of GLP-1R and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, which subsequently led to protein kinase B (Akt) activation but forkhead box O1 inactivation, and promoted β-cell survival. The protective effect of puerarin was remarkably suppressed by Exendin(9-39), an antagonist of GLP-1R. Our study demonstrated puerarin improved glucose homeostasis in obese diabetic mice and identified a novel role of puerarin in protecting β-cell survival by mechanisms involving activation of GLP-1R signaling and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Luan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica (L.Y., D.Y., Y.W., Y.P., Y.D., L.S.), Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation (H.Y.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
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Petersen KE, Rakipovski G, Raun K, Lykkesfeldt J. Does Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Ameliorate Oxidative Stress in Diabetes? Evidence Based on Experimental and Clinical Studies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:331-358. [PMID: 26381142 PMCID: PMC5101636 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150918150608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has shown to influence the oxidative stress status in a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Well-known effects of GLP-1 including better glycemic control, decreased food intake, increased insulin release and increased insulin sensitivity may indirectly contribute to this phenomenon, but glucose-independent effects on ROS level, production and antioxidant capacity have been suggested to also play a role. The potential 'antioxidant' activity of GLP-1 along with other proposed glucose-independent modes of action related to ameliorating redox imbalance remains a controversial topic but could hold a therapeutic potential against micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. This review discusses the presently available knowledge from experimental and clinical studies on the effects of GLP-1 on oxidative stress in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, Higa M, Tanaka H, Shimizu-Okabe C, Ishiuchi S, Takayama C, Matsushita M, Tsutsui M, Miyazaki JI, Oyadomari S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. γ-Oryzanol protects pancreatic β-cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1242-50. [PMID: 25594697 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is profoundly involved in dysfunction of β-cells under high-fat diet and hyperglycemia. Our recent study in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, a unique component of brown rice, acts as a chemical chaperone in the hypothalamus and improves feeding behavior and diet-induced dysmetabolism. However, the entire mechanism whereby γ-oryzanol improves glucose metabolism throughout the body still remains unclear. In this context, we tested whether γ-oryzanol reduces ER stress and improves function and survival of pancreatic β-cells using murine β-cell line MIN6. In MIN6 cells with augmented ER stress by tunicamycin, γ-oryzanol decreased exaggerated expression of ER stress-related genes and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α, resulting in restoration of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevention of apoptosis. In islets from high-fat diet-fed diabetic mice, oral administration of γ-oryzanol improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on following reduction of exaggerated ER stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, we examined the impact of γ-oryzanol on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, where exaggerated ER stress and resultant apoptosis in β-cells were observed. Also in this model, γ-oryzanol attenuated mRNA level of genes involved in ER stress and apoptotic signaling in islets, leading to amelioration of glucose dysmetabolism. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that γ-oryzanol directly ameliorates ER stress-induced β-cell dysfunction and subsequent apoptosis, highlighting usefulness of γ-oryzanol for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine) (C.K., S.S., R.U., M.H., H.T., M.S., H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; The Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center (M.H.), Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa 901-0243, Japan; Tanaka Clinic (H.T.), Okinawa 901-0244, Japan; Department of Molecular Anatomy (C.S.-O., C.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (S.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (M.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research (J.-i.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Genome Research (S.O.), University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; and Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine (M.S.), University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Sahraoui A, Winzell MS, Gorman T, Smith DM, Skrtic S, Hoeyem M, Abadpour S, Johansson L, Korsgren O, Foss A, Scholz H. The effects of exendin-4 treatment on graft failure: an animal study using a novel re-vascularized minimal human islet transplant model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121204. [PMID: 25793295 PMCID: PMC4368803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has become a viable clinical treatment, but is still compromised by long-term graft failure. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, has in clinical studies been shown to improve insulin secretion in islet transplanted patients. However, little is known about the effect of exendin-4 on other metabolic parameters. We therefore aimed to determine what influence exendin-4 would have on revascularized minimal human islet grafts in a state of graft failure in terms of glucose metabolism, body weight, lipid levels and graft survival. Introducing the bilateral, subcapsular islet transplantation model, we first transplanted diabetic mice with a murine graft under the left kidney capsule sufficient to restore normoglycemia. After a convalescent period, we performed a second transplantation under the right kidney capsule with a minimal human islet graft and allowed for a second recovery. We then performed a left-sided nephrectomy, and immediately started treatment with exendin-4 with a low (20μg/kg/day) or high (200μg/kg/day) dose, or saline subcutaneously twice daily for 15 days. Blood was sampled, blood glucose and body weight monitored. The transplanted human islet grafts were collected at study end point and analyzed. We found that exendin-4 exerts its effect on failing human islet grafts in a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Both doses of exendin-4 equally and significantly reduced blood glucose. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), C-peptide and pro-insulin were conversely increased. In the course of the treatment, body weight and cholesterol levels were not affected. However, immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in beta cell nuclei count and reduced TUNEL staining only in the group treated with a low dose of exendin-4 compared to the high dose and control. Collectively, these results suggest that exendin-4 has a potential rescue effect on failing, revascularized human islets in terms of lowering blood glucose, maintaining beta cell numbers, and improving metabolic parameters during hyperglycemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Sahraoui
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Tracy Gorman
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Merete Hoeyem
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aksel Foss
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Sharma A, Paliwal G, Upadhyay N, Tiwari A. Therapeutic stimulation of GLP-1 and GIP protein with DPP-4 inhibitors for type-2 diabetes treatment. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:15. [PMID: 26473146 PMCID: PMC4607261 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a new treatment for type-2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibition increases levels of active GLP-1. GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion and diminishes glucagon secretion, in this manner reducing glucose concentrations in blood. A number of DPP-4 inhibitors are under clinical development. However, the durability and long-term safety of DPP-4 inhibition remain to be established. These synthetic DPP-4 inhibitors are showing some side effects. Herbal medicines are alternative medicine over synthetic drugs that can relieve the patients. Various research studies have been carried all over the world to evaluate the efficacy of herbs in the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus. For a long time type II diabetes mellitus has been treated orally with herbal medicines, because plant products are frequently prescribed due to their less toxicity than conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Geetanjali Paliwal
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Nisha Upadhyay
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State
Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, India
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41
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Maffei A, Segal AM, Alvarez-Perez JC, Garcia-Ocaña A, Harris PE. Anti-incretin, Anti-proliferative Action of Dopamine on β-Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:542-57. [PMID: 25751312 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human islet β-cells exploit an autocrine dopamine (DA)-mediated inhibitory circuit to regulate insulin secretion. β-Cells also express the DA active transporter and the large neutral amino acid transporter heterodimer enabling them to import circulating DA or its biosynthetic precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The capacity to import DA or L-DOPA from the extracellular space possibly indicates that DA may be an endocrine signal as well. In humans, a mixed meal stimulus is accompanied by contemporary serum excursions of incretins, DA and L-DOPA, suggesting that DA may act as an anti-incretin as postulated by the foregut hypothesis proposed to explain the early effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes. In this report, we take a translational step backwards and characterize the kinetics of plasma DA and incretin production after a mixed meal challenge in a rat model and study the integration of incretin and DA signaling at the biochemical level in a rodent β-cell line and islets. We found that there are similar excursions of incretins and DA in rats, as those reported in humans, after a mixed meal challenge and that DA counters incretin enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular signaling at multiple points from dampening calcium fluxes to inhibiting proliferation as well as apoptosis. Our data suggest that DA is an important regulator of insulin secretion and may represent 1 axis of a gut level circuit of glucose and β-cell mass homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Maffei
- Division of Endocrinology (A.M., P.H.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery (A.M.S.), Columbia University Medical College, New York, New York 10032; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (A.M.), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, New York, New York 10029
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42
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Yao XG, Xu X, Wang GH, Lei M, Quan LL, Cheng YH, Wan P, Zhou JP, Chen J, Hu LH, Shen X. BBT improves glucose homeostasis by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:327-41. [PMID: 25572265 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and increasing β-cell death are two typical dysfunctions of pancreatic β-cells in individuals that are destined to develop type 2 diabetes, and improvement of β-cell function through GSIS enhancement and/or inhibition of β-cell death is a promising strategy for anti-diabetic therapy. In this study, we discovered that the small molecule, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide (BBT), was effective in both potentiating GSIS and protecting β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death. Results of further studies revealed that cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca(2) (+) channel/CaMK2 pathways were involved in the action of BBT against GSIS, and that the cAMP/PKA pathway was essential for the protective action of BBT on β-cells. An assay using the model of type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ (STZ/HFD) demonstrated that BBT administration efficiently restored β-cell functions as indicated by the increased plasma insulin level and decrease in the β-cell loss induced by STZ/HFD. Moreover, the results indicated that BBT treatment decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and improved oral glucose tolerance further highlighting the potential of BBT in anti-hyperglycemia research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Glucose/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Streptozocin
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gai-hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Lei
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-ling Quan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan-hua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, ChinaDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhou J, Wu J, Zheng F, Jin M, Li H. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog-mediated protection against cholesterol-induced apoptosis via mammalian target of rapamycin activation in pancreatic βTC-6 cells -1mTORβTC-6. J Diabetes 2015; 7:231-9. [PMID: 24909811 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to protect pancreatic β-cells against glucolipotoxicity via activation of the Akt pathway. The present study investigated the protective effects of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide against cholesterol-induced lipotoxicity and the mechanisms involved. METHODS The mouse βTC-6 pancreatic β-cell line was preincubated for 30 min with 10 nmol/L liraglutide alone or in combination with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin (1 μmol/L) before being exposed to 5 mmol/L cholesterol for 6 h. 4',6'-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Western blot analyses were used to assess the effects of liraglutide on cholesterol-induced apoptosis and the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. RESULTS Cholesterol significantly promoted cell apoptosis and attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, effects that were significantly reversed by liraglutide. Furthermore, rapamycin pretreatment alone significantly increased cholesterol-induced apoptosis compared with cholesterol-treated cells without any other pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that mTOR signaling is an essential mediator in the protection of pancreatic β-cells against cholesterol-induced apoptosis by a GLP-1 analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Diaz-Ganete A, Baena-Nieto G, Lomas-Romero IM, Lopez-Acosta JF, Cozar-Castellano I, Medina F, Segundo C, Lechuga-Sancho AM. Ghrelin's Effects on Proinflammatory Cytokine Mediated Apoptosis and Their Impact on β-Cell Functionality. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:235727. [PMID: 26257781 PMCID: PMC4519548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptidic hormone, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in several tissues, including pancreas. In preclinical stage of type 1 diabetes, proinflammatory cytokines generate a destructive environment for β-cells known as insulitis, which results in loss of β-cell mass and impaired insulin secretion, leading to diabetes. Our aim was to demonstrate that ghrelin could preserve β-cell viability, turnover rate, and insulin secretion acting as a counter balance of cytokines. In the present work we reproduced proinflammatory milieu found in insulitis stage by treating murine cell line INS-1E and rat islets with a cytokine cocktail including IL-1β, IFNγ, and TNFα and/or ghrelin. Several proteins involved in survival pathways (ERK 1/2 and Akt/PKB) and apoptosis (caspases and Bcl-2 protein family and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers) as well as insulin secretion were analyzed. Our results show that ghrelin alone has no remarkable effects on β-cells in basal conditions, but interestingly it activates cell survival pathways, downregulates apoptotic mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and restores insulin secretion in response to glucose when beta-cells are cytokine-exposed. These data suggest a potential role of ghrelin in preventing or slowing down the transition from a preclinical to clinically established diabetes by ameliorating the effects of insulitis on β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Baena-Nieto
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Jerez de la Frontera General Hospital, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Isabel M. Lomas-Romero
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Andalusian Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Lopez-Acosta
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cozar-Castellano
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Medina
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Faculty of Nursing, Cadiz University, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Segundo
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Faculty of Nursing, Cadiz University, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
- *Carmen Segundo: and
| | - Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Maternal and Pediatric Medicine and Radiology, Pediatrics Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- *Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho:
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Blaabjerg L, Christensen GL, Matsumoto M, van der Meulen T, Huising MO, Billestrup N, Vale WW. CRFR1 activation protects against cytokine-induced β-cell death. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:417-27. [PMID: 25324488 PMCID: PMC4518718 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the development of diabetes β-cells are exposed to elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL1β, which in vitro induce β-cell death. The class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) and CRFR2 are expressed in pancreatic islets. As downstream signaling by other class B GPCRs can protect against cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis, we evaluated the protective potential of CRFR activation in β-cells in a pro-inflammatory setting. CRFR1/CRFR2 ligands activated AKT and CRFR1 signaling and reduced apoptosis in human islets. In rat and mouse insulin-secreting cell lines (INS-1 and MIN6), CRFR1 agonists upregulated insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression, increased AKT activation, counteracted the cytokine-mediated decrease in BAD phosphorylation, and inhibited apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic signaling was dependent on prolonged exposure to corticotropin-releasing factor family peptides and followed PKA-mediated IRS2 upregulation. This indicates that CRFR signaling counteracts proinflammatory cytokine-mediated apoptotic pathways through upregulation of survival signaling in β-cells. Interestingly, CRFR signaling also counteracted basal apoptosis in both cultured INS-1 cells and intact human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Blaabjerg
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gitte L Christensen
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Talitha van der Meulen
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mark O Huising
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Wylie W Vale
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide BiologySalk Institute, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USACellular and Metabolic Research SectionDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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46
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Xie J, El Sayed NM, Qi C, Zhao X, Moore CE, Herbert TP. Exendin-4 stimulates islet cell replication via the IGF1 receptor activation of mTORC1/S6K1. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:105-15. [PMID: 24994913 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, such as exendin-4, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and are currently used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, GLP1R agonists also have the ability to augment β-cell mass. In this report, we provide evidence that in the presence of glucose, exendin-4 stimulates rodent islet cell DNA replication via the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and that this is mediated by the protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). We show that activation of this pathway is caused by the autocrine or paracrine activation of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), as siRNA-mediated knockdown of the IGF1R effectively blocked exendin-4-stimulated PKB and mTORC1 activation. In contrast, pharmacological inactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor has no discernible effect on exendin-4-stimulated PKB or mTORC1 activation. Therefore, we conclude that GLP1R agonists stimulate β-cell proliferation via the PKB-dependent stimulation of mTORC1/S6K1 whose activation is mediated through the autocrine/paracrine activation of the IGF1R. This work provides a better understanding of the molecular basis of GLP1 agonist-induced β-cell proliferation which could potentially be exploited in the identification of novel drug targets that increase β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Norhan M El Sayed
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Xuechan Zhao
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Claire E Moore
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Terence P Herbert
- Department of Cell Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Grdović N, Dinić S, Mihailović M, Uskoković A, Jovanović JA, Poznanović G, Wagner L, Vidaković M. CXC chemokine ligand 12 protects pancreatic β-cells from necrosis through Akt kinase-mediated modulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101172. [PMID: 24988468 PMCID: PMC4079329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetes prevention paradigm envisages the application of strategies that support the maintenance of appropriate β-cell numbers. Herein we show that overexpression of CXC chemokine ligand12 (CXCL12) considerably improves the viability of isolated rat Langerhans islet cells and Rin-5F pancreatic β-cells after hydrogen peroxide treatment. In rat islets and wt cells hydrogen peroxide treatment induced necrotic cell death that was mediated by the rapid and extensive activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). In contrast, CXCL12-overexpressing cells were protected from necrotic cell death as a result of significantly reduced PARP-1 activity. CXCL12 downstream signalling through Akt kinase was responsible for the reduction of PARP-1 activity which switched cell death from necrosis to apoptosis, providing increased protection to cells from oxidative stress. Our results offer a novel aspect of the CXCL12-mediated improvement of β-cell viability which is based on its antinecrotic action through modulation of PARP-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Poznanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Verma MK, Sadasivuni MK, Yateesh AN, Neelima K, Mrudula S, Reddy M, Smitha R, Biswas S, Chandravanshi B, Pallavi PM, Oommen AM, Jagannath MR, Somesh BB. Activation of GPR40 attenuates chronic inflammation induced impact on pancreatic β-cells health and function. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:24. [PMID: 24974801 PMCID: PMC4083038 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation-mediated β-cell apoptosis is known to decrease β-cell mass in diabetes leading to reduced insulin secretion. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines can stimulate apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. The G protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is implicated for glucose induced insulin secretion. We hypothesized that GPR40 activation can protect β-cells from inflammation-induced apoptosis and restore glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Results By exposing NIT1 insulinoma cells and rat islets to a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL1β), we mimicked inflammatory signaling as seen by JNK and NFκB activation and increased mRNA levels of TNFα, IL1β and NOS2a. These changes were reversed by pharmacological activation of GPR40 by a specific, small molecule, CNX-011-67. Further, GPR40 activation reduced inflammation-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Importantly, GPR40 activation decreased inflammation-induced apoptosis as measured by key markers. These impacts of GPR40 were mediated through activation of PLC, CaMKII, calcineurin and cAMP. Cell survival was also enhanced by GPR40 activation as seen from the increased phosphorylation of Akt/PKB and enhanced expression of BCL2 and PDX1 genes. Interestingly, GPR40 activation restored both, inflammation-mediated inhibition on insulin secretion and intracellular insulin content. Conclusions In this study, we provide evidences that CNX-011-67, a GPR40 agonist, reduces inflammatory signaling and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells while promoting insulin secretion and synthesis. Activation of GPR40 leads to attenuation of β-cell dysfunction caused by chronic inflammation and thus could be of immense clinical value to improve insulin secretion and β-cell survival.
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Shao S, Nie M, Chen C, Chen X, Zhang M, Yuan G, Yu X, Yang Y. Protective Action of Liraglutide in Beta Cells Under Lipotoxic Stress Via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1166-75. [PMID: 24415347 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Nie
- Division of Orthopedics; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Cai Chen
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
- The Center for Biomedical Research; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Muxun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology; Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan 430030 P.R. China
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Yang F, Zheng T, Gao Y, Baskota A, Chen T, Ran X, Tian H. Increased plasma DPP4 activity is an independent predictor of the onset of metabolic syndrome in Chinese over 4 years: result from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92222. [PMID: 24647445 PMCID: PMC3960228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine whether fasting plasma Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity and active Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) were predictive of the onset of metabolic syndrome. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of 2042 adults (863 men and 1,179 women) aged 18-70 years without metabolic syndrome examined in 2007(baseline) and 2011(follow-up). Baseline plasma DPP4 activity was determined as the rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4- methylcoumarin (AMC) from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and active GLP-1 was determined by enzymoimmunoassay. Results During an average of 4 years of follow-up, 131 men (15.2%) and 174 women (14.8%) developed metabolic syndrome. In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline DPP4 activity was an independent predictor of an increase in insulin resistance over a 4-year period (P<0.01). In multivariable-adjusted models, the odds ratio (OR) for incident metabolic syndrome comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of DPP4 activity and active GLP-1 were 2.82, 0.45 for men and 2.48, 0.36 for women respectively. Furthermore, plasma DPP4 activity significantly improved the area under the ROC curve for predicting new-onset metabolic syndrome based on information from metabolic syndrome components (Both P<0.01). Conclusions DPP4 activity is an important predictor of the onset of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Chinese men and women. This finding may have important implications for understanding the aetiology of metabolic syndrome. Trial Registration #TR-CCH-Chi CTR-CCH-00000361
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Attit Baskota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Ran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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